U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet

UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE

U.S. Air Forces in Europe, with

headquarters at Ramstein Air Base,

Germany, is a major command of the U.S.

Air Force. It is also the air component of

the U.S. European Command, a

Department of Defense unified command.

Mission

As the air component for U.S. EUCOM, USAFE directs air operations in a theater spanning

three continents, covering more than 20 million square miles, containing 91 countries, and

possessing one-fourth of the world’s population and about one-third of the world’s Gross

Domestic Product.

During the Cold War, USAFE was a fight-in-place force postured for a large-scale conflict.

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, it has transitioned to an Air Expeditionary Force with a mobile

and deployable mix of people and resources that can simultaneously operate in multiple

locations. Its role in Europe and Africa has included warfighting as well as humanitarian and

peacekeeping operations, and other non-traditional contingencies throughout its area of

responsibility.

In peacetime, USAFE trains and equips U.S. Air Force units pledged to NATO. In fulfilling its

NATO responsibilities, USAFE maintains combat-ready wings based from Great Britain to

Turkey. USAFE plans, conducts, controls, coordinates and supports air and space operations in

Europe, parts of Asia and Africa to achieve U.S. national and NATO objectives based on

taskings by the U.S. EUCOM commander.

In support of national and NATO requirements, USAFE assets stand ready to perform close air

support, air interdiction, air defense, in-flight refueling, long-range transport and support of

maritime operations. USAFE remains a formidable force despite a rapid drawdown that saw its

main operating bases cut by 67 percent following the end of the Cold War. As witnessed in the

command's support of contingency and humanitarian operations throughout Europe and parts

of Africa, USAFE remains a highly responsive and capable combat force.

Personnel and Resources

More than 41,000 active-duty, Reserve and civilian employees are assigned to USAFE.

Equipment assets include about 220 fighter, attack, tanker and transport aircraft, and a full

complement of conventional weapons.

Organization

USAFE consists of five main operating bases along with 80 geographically separated locations.

The main operating bases are: RAF Lakenheath and Mildenhall in England; Ramstein and

Spangdahlem Air Bases in Germany and Aviano AB in Italy. These bases report to Air

Command Europe, ACEUR-USAFE’s Management Headquarters, located at Ramstein AB

during day-to-day operations. During contingency operations 16th Air Force, also located at

Ramstein, is USAFE's Warfighting Headquarters, and commands attached forces. 

History

USAFE originated as the 8th Air Force in 1942 and flew heavy bombardment missions over the

European continent during World War II. In August 1945, the command was given its current

name, U.S. Air Forces in Europe. At that time, USAFE had 17,000 airplanes and 450,000

people.

During the Berlin Airlift in 1948 to 1949, USAFE airlifted more than 1.6 million tons of food, fuel

and medical supplies to the blockaded city. With the formation of NATO in 1949, the United

States was committed to help defend Western Europe against aggression from the Soviet

Union, a mission that continued until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

In March 1973, Headquarters USAFE transferred from Lindsey Air Station, Wiesbaden, West

Germany, to Ramstein Air Base. In the mid-1980s, USAFE maintained and operated 25 main

bases and more than 400 geographically separated units in 190 different locations. These

bases supported about 850 aircraft. The community stood at more than 140,000: 60,000 activeduty airmen, 10,000 civilian workers, and almost 70,000 family members.

Beginning in late 1990, USAFE mobilized and moved more than 180 aircraft and 5,400 people

to the Persian Gulf area in support of operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. In addition,

100 aircraft and 2,600 personnel deployed to Turkey for Operation Proven Force, which denied

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the Iraqis a safe haven for their military forces in northern Iraq. USAFE also activated

aeromedical staging facilities and contingency hospitals. More than 9,000 patients, mostly

suffering from noncombat-related illnesses and injuries, were evacuated to Europe and more

than 3,000 were treated at USAFE medical facilities.

After Desert Storm, USAFE provided emergency relief to Kurdish refugees fleeing Iraqi forces

and enforced a no-fly zone over Northern Iraq. This mission, known first as Operation Provide

Comfort and later Operation Northern Watch, continued until March 2004.

Since 1990, USAFE has handled more than 70 contingencies—more than twice as many in the

1970s and 1980s combined. For example, the command took part in Operation Provide Hope I

and II, which airlifted food and medical supplies to the people of the former Soviet Union, and

Provide Promise, the airlifting of supplies into war-torn Yugoslavia from July 1992 until

December 1995.

USAFE also provided air protection over the skies of Bosnia-Herzegovina in Operation Deny

Flight. Along with allies from NATO countries, USAFE aircrews applied airpower in Operation

Deliberate Force, the bombing campaign that paved the way for the Dayton Peace Agreement.

USAFE then helped deploy Peace Implementation Forces and equipment to Bosnia for

Operation Joint Endeavor and sustained them by airlift.

USAFE forces again mobilized in March 1999 when NATO intervened in Kosovo to stop Serb

repression of the province's ethnic Albanian majority. Efforts to find a diplomatic solution

collapsed, resulting in Operation Allied Force – the NATO-led air war over Kosovo. The 78-day

operation ended June 20, culminating in the withdrawal of Serb forces from Kosovo and the

eventual return of refugees to their homeland. USAFE's 3rd Air Force led Joint Task Force

Shining Hope, established to assist the hundreds of thousands of refugees expelled from

Kosovo by Serb soldiers and paramilitaries. USAFE continues to contribute to NATO-led forces

promoting peace and stability in Kosovo.

In February 2000, USAFE forces again responded to a humanitarian crisis, this time in

southern Africa. Joint Task Force Atlas Response was established to airlift aid to victims of

massive floods in Mozambique and other nearby South African countries. Working with

international relief agencies, U.S. forces assisted with a variety of humanitarian-related

activities, including the airlift of food and medical supplies, aerial surveillance and rescue

operations in the region.

USAFE has been in the front lines of the Global War on Terrorism since Sept. 11, 2001. During

Operation Enduring Freedom, it supported an air bridge from Europe to Asia that delivered

3,300 tons of humanitarian daily rations to northern Afghanistan, opened a base in Kyrgystan

for coalition forces, and established a medical evacuation network that moved nearly 4,000

patients. USAFE deployed 24 fighter aircraft, eight KC-135 tankers and nearly 2,400 people in

Operation Iraqi Freedom. It opened an important airfield in northern Iraq and provided critical

en route support to deploying forces, not to mention vital logistical and medical support to

forward-deployed forces.

Today, USAFE airmen are engaged in a wide range of active U.S. military efforts in Europe and

Africa, including realistic U.S. and NATO exercises and the Global War on Terrorism. The

command also plays a major role in furthering democracy in the former Eastern Bloc, as

USAFE people take part in Partnership for Peace exercises and Military-to-Military contact

programs.

Point of Contact

U. S. Air Forces in Europe, Public Affairs Office; Unit 3050, Box 120; APO AE 09094-0120;

DSN 480-6565 or commercial (011) 49-6371-47-6565; e-mail: usafe.pai@ramstein.af.mil.

April 2006

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