# Patent

## Title
Solid state illuminator for bi-color ported water level gauges

## Abstract

A solid state illuminator and display means are provided for bi-coloured ported water level gauges suitable for use in high pressure steam drums or similar water/steam devices to facilitate making an accurate determination of water level in such a device. The illuminator comprises an array of bi-coloured solid state light emitting diodes (LEDs), as the light source, and a precision lens to focus the light provided from the LEDs through a gauge body and onto the view screen.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 10/487,868, filed Feb. 26, 2004, issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 6,938,477 on Sep. 6, 2005, which is a national stage entry of PCT/CA03/01684 filed Nov. 3, 2003, the priority of which is hereby claimed.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates, generally, to a device for accurate determination of water level in a high pressure boiler drum or other similar water/steam apparatus. More specifically, the present invention utilizes an array of vertically arranged, bi-coloured, solid state light emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide light that is focussed through an array of precision lens and projected though either steam or water and displayed upon a view screen. The presence of either steam or water at a level corresponding to each LED in the array of LEDs will result in a clear and unmistakable colour change observable on the view screen.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The design and use of bi-coloured light for determining water levels in steam boilers is well taught and documented in the art. Traditionally, incandescent light is passed through coloured lenses as the light source. These designs suffer from numerous deficiencies in their fragility, efficiency, power requirements and life span. An incandescent light source utilizes a fragile filament operating at high temperature. This filament can easily become damaged and break when subjected to continued vibration. In addition, the high operating temperature of the filament limits the life span of the incandescent light. The same incandescent light source requires a high level of power to operate and only a small percentage of this power is converted to usable light. The remaining power is lost, predominantly as heat.
Numerous liquid level indicators can be found in the art to which the present invention provides advances. U.S. Pat. No. 2,510,729 describes an indicating gauge in which a vertical column containing both water and steam includes a multitude of bores which pass horizontally through the column and allow for visual inspection of the contents of the column present at the corresponding level. An operator is able to inspect and determine the level at which the contents of the column shift from water to steam.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,024,815 and 2,115,889, indicators that utilize the reflective and refractive properties of water, steam and light are revealed. In each case, the operator inspects the individual gauges within a plurality of gauges and is able to determine the water/steam level by observing a colour change associated with the level corresponding to the change from water to steam. The device of U.S. Pat. No. 2,115,889 provides an additional means to visually inspect the gauge at a greater distance, more specifically, at a position located far below the gauge. The light is provided in each of these devices via an incandescent light source.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,022 describes a bi-colour fluviograph for use in steam boilers and provides improvement to the intensity of light provided from the light source and includes benefits aimed at reducing the frequency of maintenance of the fluviograph. The light is provided by a flourescent lamp and the colours are introduced via a two planes, one painted red, and the other green. The fluviograph increases the intensity of the red light to allow for its operation in murky or turbulent water conditions that would render most previous devices inoperable. A further advantage is that the device need not be cleaned as frequently. Traditionally, the impurities in the water contained within the boiler would deposit on the lens and gradually reduce the effective light transmitted. This effect is lessened by increasing the light intensity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention provides a gauge system that incorporates a solid state illuminator and corresponding view screen, which can help accurately determine the water level in steam boilers or similar devices, and do so in a safe, economical, and efficient manner.
The use of light emitting diodes as a light source in a level gauge illuminator provides reduced operating costs in that much or virtually all power is converted to visible light. In addition, the nominal life of an LED is 100,000 hours. An LED is unaffected by continued vibration. An LED is capable of producing red and green light directly, eliminating the need for coloured glass. Finally, an LED requires minimal power to operate and the use of a solid state illuminator would be intrinsically safe in a hazardous environment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bi-colour ported water level gauge for use in determining the water level in a steam/water environment, for instance in a boiler steam drum comprising: an electronic printed circuit board containing an array of high-intensity, narrow beam, red/green light emitting diodes; the electronic printed circuit board being mounted on an electronics divider board; a divider board comprising a plurality of viewing ports, said ports being individually aligned with the light emitting diodes, and preferably substantially equal in number thereto; a heat divider for protecting the printed circuit board from high temperatures existing at the water level gauge; an external housing having rows of offset slots to reduce heat transmission; and a display means, such as a view screen, onto which light originating from the light emitting diodes is projected for inspection by an operator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bi-colour ported water level gauge illuminator for use in determining the water level in a steam/water environment, for instance in a boiler steam drum comprising: an electronic printed circuit board containing an array of high-intensity, narrow beam, red/green light emitting diodes; the electronic printed circuit board being mounted on an electronics divider board; a divider board comprising a plurality of viewing ports, said ports being individually aligned with the light emitting diodes, and preferably substantially equal in number thereto; a heat divider for protecting the printed circuit board from high temperatures existing at the water level gauge; and an external housing having rows of offset slots to reduce heat transmission.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bi-colour ported water level gauge for use in determining the water level in a steam/water environment, for instance in a boiler steam drum comprising: an electronic printed circuit board containing an array of high-intensity, narrow beam, red/green light emitting diodes; the electronic printed circuit board being mounted on an electronics divider board; a lens divider board comprising a plurality of viewing ports, each containing focusing lenses, such as a plano-convex lens, for focusing light originating from the light emitting diodes, said ports being individually aligned with the light emitting diodes, and preferably substantially equal in number thereto; a heat divider for protecting the printed circuit board from high temperatures existing at the water level gauge; an external housing having rows of offset slots to reduce heat transmission; and a display means, such as a view screen, onto which light originating from the light emitting diodes is projected for inspection by an operator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bi-colour ported water level gauge illuminator for use in determining the water level in a steam/water environment, for instance in a boiler steam drum comprising: an electronic printed circuit board containing an array of high-intensity, narrow beam, red/green light emitting diodes; the electronic printed circuit board being mounted on an electronics divider board; a lens divider board comprising a plurality of viewing ports, each containing focusing lenses, such as a plano-convex lens, for focusing light originating from the light emitting diodes, said ports being individually aligned with the light emitting diodes, and preferably substantially equal in number thereto; a heat divider for protecting the printed circuit board from high temperatures existing at the water level gauge; and an external housing having rows of offset slots to reduce heat transmission.
A further aspect of the invention provides a method for determining the water level in a boiler steam heater, or similar water/steam device characterized by the steps of: projecting a first light from one or more light emitting diodes of a first colour; projecting a second light from one or more light emitting diodes of a second colour; passing said first and second lights though a column containing steam and water at a varying level onto a projection screen positioned on an opposing side of said column relative to said light emitting diodes while protecting the light emitting diodes from heat generated at the column; observing the position of the first and second light on the projection screen at varying vertical levels along the column; and determining the presence of water or steam at each of said varying vertical levels based upon the observed positions of the first and second lights on the projection screen.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a conventional water level gauge, demonstrating a vertical array of viewing ports;
FIG. 1b is a perspective view of an individual port;
FIG. 1c is a exploded, perspective view of an individual port;
FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c constitute a perspective view of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention including the component parts from left to right: namely a level display, a level gauge, and an illuminator;
FIG. 3a is an exploded, perspective view of an illuminator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a completed, perspective view of the illuminator of FIG. 3a; 
FIG. 3c is an exploded, perspective view of an electronics divider board, and a lens divider board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3d is a perspective view of the lens divider board of FIG. 3c, including an array of lenses, one lens of which if presented in an exploded view;
FIG. 3e is an exploded perspective view of external housing of the illuminator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a perspective view of an inner display end plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is an exploded, perspective view of a level display according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4c is a completed, perspective view of the level display of FIG. 4b. 
FIG. 5 is an exploded, perspective view of a level display according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a completed, perspective view of the level display of FIG. 5.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The system of the present invention comprises two main components: an illuminator, and a level display.
These two main components interact with a conventional water level gauge 22 as can be seen in FIG. 1A. A conventional water level gauge 22 is made up of a series of ports 3, arranged vertically along a column 2, each comprising an opening 4 protected by glass, though which light may pass. When installed on a water boiler, or similar device, water or steam or a combination of the two will pass from the boiler, through the pipe 1, and into the column 2. An operator, who wishes to inspect the column 2 may peer through the series of ports 3, and determine the level of water within the gauge, and correspondingly, the boiler.
As can be seen in FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c, an illuminator 14 and level display 23 interact with a level gauge 22 by an interface that is formed between hooks 18 on the outer housings of the illuminator and the level display and a bolt 17 on the column 2 of the level gauge.
Referring to FIGS. 3a–3e, the illuminator may comprise an electronic printed circuit board (PCB) 10 containing an array of red and green light emitting diodes (LEDs) 19, an array of plano-convex lenses 13, equal in number to the number of LEDs 19, and an external housing 20, made up of a first portion 8 and a second portion 9, adapted for attachment to a conventional water level gauge. The light emitting diodes may be configured in a paired linear array mounted along the longitudinal axis of the electronic PCB as shown in FIG. 3a, with one first colour and one second colour light emitting diode in each pair being mounted adjacent to each other along the lateral axis of the electronic PCB 10. Further, the first and second colour light emitting diodes are preferably configured with at least two light emitting diodes of the first colour in parallel for independent operation, and at least two light emitting diodes of the second colour in parallel for independent operation.
The PCB 10 utilizes precision resistors to regulate the current supplied to each LED 19. The PCB further utilizes a terminal block corresponding to each LED 19 that provides a connection point for the input power and allows for jumpering between individual PCBs 10. The PCB 10 is mounted on an electronics divider 11 which is, in turn, attached to the first portion 8 and second portion 9 of the external housing 20. A lens divider board 12 is positioned adjacent to the array of LEDs 19, and is attached to the first and second portions 8,9 of the outer housing 20. This lens divider board 12, has a number of plano-convex lenses 13, equal to the number of LEDs 19 present on the PCB 10. These lenses 13 focus light through an equal number of holes 21 in a heat divider 26 mounted on the first portion 8 of the external housing so as to provide light to be passed through a level gauge.
The first and second portions 8,9 of the illuminator housing 20 further include an array of offset slots 24 extending substantially completely from top to bottom. These slots 24 are designed and offset to limit the transmission of heat originating in the level gauge. The typical operating environment of a level gauge for a steam boiler is very high, typically in the range of 696 degrees F. (369 degrees Celsius). By introducing these slots to the design, heat transmission by conduction from the level gauge to the PCB board assembly and the LEDs is reduced, and the LEDs are isolated from these high operating temperatures.
Referring now to FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c, the level display 23 may comprise a viewing screen 15 for viewing the light transmitted from the LEDs, having passed through a conventional water level gauge, an adjustable end plate 5 for blocking the unused red and green images, and a first portion 16 and second portion 7 of an external housing adapted for attachment to a conventional water level gauge. An adjustable end plate 5 provides openings 6 at the levels of concern and blocks the display of unwanted red and green light. The adjustable end plate 5 ensures that the operator can clearly distinguish between the levels and reduces error.
Referring now to FIGS. 5, and 6, a second heat divider 25 is provided for reducing the transmission of heat from the level gauge 22 to the view screen 15. Additionally, an array of offset slots 24 extends substantially completely from top to bottom of the level display 23. These slots 24 are designed and offset to limit the transmission of excess heat originating in the level gauge 22, which may impair the functionality of the display.
Industrial Application
The bi-colour water level gauge and illuminator device taught herein generally provides an improved means for determining the water level in a boiler steam drum, heater, or similar water/steam device.

## Claims

1. A bi-colour water level gauge illuminator for use in determining the water level in a boiler steam drum, heater, or other piping or pressure vessel, said illuminator comprising:
a housing having a gauge mounting side adapted for mounting said illuminator to a first lens side of a bi-colour water level gauge, said housing including at least one aperture defined in the gauge mounting side of said housing;
a plurality of first colour and second colour light emitting diodes arranged and configured within said housing to facilitate the emission of bi-colour illumination through said aperture, and through an aligned ports or window of said gauge to a second lens side of said gauge; and
a heat divider for separating said light emitting diodes from exposure to high temperatures existing at said gauge.

2. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of focusing lenses aligned with said light emitting diodes to focus said bi-colour illumination through a respective plurality of ports or windows of said gauge.

3. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 2, wherein said housing further includes a lens divider board within which said focusing lenses are mounted.

4. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 2, wherein said illuminator is adapted for use with a ported water level gauge having ports, and including a plurality of apertures, said apertures and focusing lenses being equal in number to the number of ports and positioned for alignment with the ports when the illuminator is mounted to said gauge.

5. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 2, wherein said focusing lenses are plano-convex lenses.

6. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said first colour and second colour light emitting diodes are mounted on at least one electronic printed circuit board.

7. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said first colour and second colour light emitting diodes are configured in a paired linear array along a longitudinal axis of the illuminator housing, with each pair including one first colour and one second colour light emitting diode.

8. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 7, wherein the first colour and second colour light emitting diodes in each pair are mounted adjacent to each other along a lateral axis of at least one electronic printed circuit board.

9. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said first colour and second colour light emitting diodes are configured in a paired linear array mounted along a longitudinal axis of at least one electronic printed circuit board, with one first colour and one second colour light emitting diode in each pair mounted adjacent to each other along a lateral axis of said electronic printed circuit board.

10. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein the first colour and second colour light emitting diodes are configured with at least two light emitting diodes of said first colour in parallel for independent operation and at least two light emitting diodes of said second colour in parallel for independent operation.

11. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said heat divider includes a heat divider board mounted at or near the gauge mounting side of said housing, said at least one aperture being defined in said heat divider board.

12. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said housing includes an array of offset slots defined therein, said slots extending at least along portions of the housing adapted for contact with said bi-colour water level gauge, and facilitating reduction of heat transmission from said bi-colour water level gauge to the light emitting diodes during operation.

13. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said illuminator is configured with a display device onto which light originating from the light emitting diodes is projected for inspection by an operator.

14. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said first colour is red, and said second colour is green.

15. The bi-colour water level gauge illuminator as defined in claim 1, wherein said illuminator is configured with a bi-colour water level gauge configured to determine the water level in a boiler steam drum, heater, or other piping or pressure vessel.

16. A method of illuminating a column of a fluid level gauge used in determing the water level in a boiler steam drum, heater or other piping or pressure vessel, said method comprising the steps of:
projecting a first light from one or more light emitting diodes of a first colour;
projecting a second light from one or more light emitting diodes of a second colour different from said first colour;
passing said first and second lights through the column to an opposing side of said column realtive to said light emitting diodes such that water or steam present at varying vertical levels in the column may be determined by observing a position of the first and second lights along the column; and
protecting said light emitting diodes from heat generated at said column.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein said steps of projecting said first and second light includes a further step of focusing said first and second lights with a focusing lens.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein said step of projecting a first light includes utilizing at least two light emitting diodes of said first colour configured in parallel for independent operation.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein said step of projecting a second light includes utilizing at least two light emitting diodes of said second colour configured in parallel for independent operation.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein said first colour is red and said second colour is green.

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein said first and second lights are passed through the column to an opposing side of said column and displayed on a display screen.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein said step of protecting includes passing said lights through a heat divider board.

23. The method according to claim 16, wherein said illuminating is continuous.