Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 61269 

(2) On Jenny Lake: 

(i) Operating a power-driven vessel 

using a motor exceeding 71⁄2

horsepower is prohibited, except: 

(ii) An NPS authorized boating 

concessioner may operate power-driven 

vessels under conditions specified by 

the Superintendent. 

* * * * * 

(h) Where may I ride a bicycle in 

Grand Teton National Park? (1) You 

may ride a bicycle on park roads, in 

parking areas, and upon designated 

routes established within the park in 

accordance with § 4.30(a) of this 

chapter. The following routes are 

designated for bicycle use: 

(i) The paved multi-use pathway 

alongside Dornan Road between 

Dornan’s and the Teton Park Road. 

(ii) The paved multi-use pathway 

alongside the Teton Park Road between 

Dornan Road (Dornan’s Junction) and 

the South Jenny Lake developed area. 

(2) The Superintendent may open or 

close designated routes, or portions 

thereof, or impose conditions or 

restrictions for bicycle use after taking 

into consideration the location of or 

impacts on wildlife, the amount of snow 

cover or other environmental 

conditions, public safety, and other 

factors, under the criteria and 

procedures of §§ 1.5 and 1.7 of this 

chapter. 

Dated: September 22, 2011. 

Eileen Sobeck, 

Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and 

Wildlife and Parks. 

[FR Doc. 2011–25394 Filed 10–3–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4310–CT–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 82 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9474–4] 

RIN 2060–AG12 

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: 

acceptability Determination 26 for 

Significant New Alternatives Policy 

Program 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Determination of acceptability. 

SUMMARY: This Determination of 

Acceptability expands the list of 

acceptable substitutes for ozonedepleting substances under the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency’s 

(EPA) Significant New Alternatives 

Policy (SNAP) program. The 

determinations concern new substitutes 

for use in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning, solvent cleaning and fire 

suppression sectors. 

DATES: This determination is effective 

on October 4, 2011. 

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a 

docket for this action under Docket ID 

No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

(continuation of Air Docket A–91–42). 

All electronic documents in the docket 

are listed in the index at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Although listed in 

the index, some information is not 

publicly available, i.e., Confidential 

Business Information (CBI) or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. Publicly available 

docket materials are available either 

electronically at http:// 

www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 

the EPA Air Docket (No. A–91–42), 

EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 

Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, 

DC. The Public Reading Room is open 

from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, excluding legal 

holidays. The telephone number for the 

Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744, 

and the telephone number for the Air 

Docket is (202) 566–1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Margaret Sheppard by telephone at 

(202) 343–9163, by facsimile at (202) 

343–2338, by e-mail at 

sheppard.margaret@epa.gov, or by mail 

at U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Mail Code 6205J, 1200 

Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., 

Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or 

courier deliveries should be sent to the 

office location at 1310 L Street, NW., 

10th floor, Washington, DC 20005. 

For more information on the Agency’s 

process for administering the SNAP 

program or criteria for evaluation of 

substitutes, refer to the original SNAP 

rulemaking published in the Federal 

Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13044). Notices and rulemakings under 

the SNAP program, as well as other EPA 

publications on protection of 

stratospheric ozone, are available at 

EPA’s Ozone Depletion World Wide 

Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ 

including the SNAP portion at http:// 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

B. Solvent Cleaning 

C. Fire Suppression 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority 

for the SNAP Program 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

D. Additional Information About the SNAP 

Program 

Appendix A—Summary of Decisions for New 

Acceptable Substitutes 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

This section presents EPA’s most 

recent acceptable listing decisions for 

substitutes in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning, solvent cleaning, and fire 

suppression sectors. For copies of the 

full list of ozone-depleting substance 

(ODS) substitutes in all industrial 

sectors, visit EPA’s Ozone Layer 

Protection Web site at http:// 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/ 

index.html. 

The sections below discuss each 

substitute listing in detail. Appendix A 

contains a table summarizing today’s 

listing decisions for new substitutes. 

The statements in the ‘‘Further 

Information’’ column in the table 

provide additional information, but are 

not legally binding under section 612 of 

the Clean Air Act (CAA). In addition, 

the ‘‘further information’’ may not be a 

comprehensive list of other legal 

obligations you may need to meet when 

using the substitute. Although you are 

not required to follow recommendations 

in the ‘‘further information’’ column of 

the table to use a substitute consistent 

with section 612 of the CAA, EPA 

strongly encourages you to apply the 

information when using these 

substitutes. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to standard 

operating practices in existing industry 

and/or building-code standards. 

However, some of these statements may 

refer to obligations that are enforceable 

or binding under federal or state 

programs other than the SNAP program. 

Many of these statements, if adopted, 

would not require significant changes to 

existing operating practices. 

You can find submissions to EPA for 

the use of the substitutes listed in this 

document and other materials 

supporting the decisions in this action 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

http://www.regulations.gov. 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

1. Hot Shot 2 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds Hot Shot 2 

is acceptable as a substitute for CFC–12, 

CFC–11, CFC–113, CFC–114, R–13B1, R– 

500, R–502, HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing HCFC–22 

and/or HCFC–142b, for use in retrofit 

equipment in: 

• Centrifugal chillers 

• Reciprocating and screw chillers 

• Industrial process refrigeration 

• Ice skating rinks 

• Cold storage warehouses 


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61270 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 

1Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this 

document are from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 

2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of 

Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report 

of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

(Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. 

Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller 

(eds.)). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 

United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This 

document is accessible at http://www.ipcc.ch/ 

publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html. 

2For more information, including definitions, see 

40 CFR part 82 subpart F. 

3Unless otherwise stated, all ODPs in this 

document are from: WMO (World Meteorological 

Organization), Scientific Assessment of Ozone 

Depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and 

Monitoring Project–Report No. 52, 516 pp., Geneva, 

Switzerland, 2011. This document is accessible at 

http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/SAP/ 

Scientific_Assessment_2010/index.shtml. 

• Refrigerated transport 

• Retail food refrigeration 

• Vending machines 

• Commercial ice machines 

• Residential dehumidifiers 

• Household and light commercial air 

conditioning and heat pumps 

Hot Shot 2 is a blend by weight of 

79.3 percent HFC–134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS 

Reg. No. 811–97–2), 19.5 percent HFC– 

125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– 

33–6), and 1.7 percent R–600, which is 

also known as n-butane (CAS Reg. No. 

106–97–8). You may find the 

submission under Docket item EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0271 at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: Hot Shot 

2 has no ozone depletion potential 

(ODP). Its components (HFC–134a, 

HFC–125, and R–600) have 100-year 

integrated (100-yr) global warming 

potentials (GWPs) of 1,430,1 3,500, and 

4 respectively. If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then Hot 

Shot 2 has a GWP of about 1,820. Of the 

three components of Hot Shot 2, R–600 

is defined as a volatile organic 

compound (VOC) under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of State 

Implementation Plans (SIPs) to attain 

and maintain the national ambient air 

quality standards. The emissions of this 

refrigerant will be limited given it is 

subject to the venting prohibition under 

section 608(c)(2) of the CAA and EPA’s 

implementing regulations codified at 40 

CFR 82.154(a)(1).2 Considering the 

small expected emissions of this 

refrigerant and particularly of the VOC 

component, use of Hot Shot 2 is not 

expected to pose any significant adverse 

impacts on local air quality. 

Flammability information: While the 

component R–600, isobutane, is a 

hydrocarbon that is flammable, Hot Shot 

2 as formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute 

may also irritate the skin or eyes or 

cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

EPA anticipates that Hot Shot 2 will 

be used consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the 

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for 

the blend and for the individual 

components. For the blend, the 

manufacturer recommends an 

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) of 1000 

ppm on an 8-hour time-weighted 

average. For both HFC–134a and HFC– 

125, the American Industrial Hygiene 

Association (AIHA) recommends 

workplace environmental exposure 

limits (WEELs) of 1000 ppm on an 8- 

hour time-weighted average. Similarly, 

for R–600 the American Conference of 

Governmental Industrial Hygienists 

(ACGIH) has established a threshold 

limit value (TLV) of 1,000 ppm on an 

8-hour time-weighted average. The 

National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health (NIOSH) has a 

recommended exposure limit (REL) of 

800 ppm for R–600 on a 10-hour timeweighted average. EPA anticipates that 

users will be able to meet workplace 

exposure limits (WEELs, TLVs, RELs 

and manufacturer AELs) and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the MSDS and other safety precautions 

common to the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry. 

Comparison to other refrigerants: Hot 

Shot 2 is not ozone-depleting in contrast 

to CFC–12, CFC–11, CFC–113, CFC–114 

(with ODPs ranging from 0.58 to 1.0 3), 

R–13B1 (with an ODP of 15.9), HCFC– 

22 (with an ODP of 0.04), R–500 (with 

an ODP of 0.074) and R–502 (with an 

ODP of 0.334), the ozone-depleting 

substances which it replaces, and 

comparable to a number of other 

acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for these end uses such as 

HFC–134a, R–410A, and R–404A. Hot 

Shot 2’s GWP of about 1,820 is lower 

than or comparable to those of the 

substances it is replacing, including 

CFC–12, CFC–11, CFC–113, CFC–114, 

R–13B1, R–500, R–502, and HCFC–22, 

with GWPs ranging from 1,810 to 

10,900. Furthermore, the GWP of Hot 

Shot 2 is lower than or comparable to 

that of other non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes in the same refrigeration and 

air conditioning end uses for which we 

are finding it acceptable, such as HFC– 

134a with a GWP of 1,430, R–410A with 

a GWP of 2,100 and R–404A with a 

GWP of 3,930. Flammability and 

toxicity risks are low, as discussed 

above. Thus, EPA finds Hot Shot 2 

acceptable in the end uses listed above 

because the overall environmental and 

human health risk posed by Hot Shot 2 

is lower than or comparable to the risks 

posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end uses. 

2. R–407F 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–407F is 

acceptable as a substitute for HCFC–22 

and HCFC blends, including those 

containing HCFC–22 and/or HCFC– 

142b, for use in new and retrofit 

equipment in: 

• Industrial process refrigeration 

• Ice skating rinks 

• Industrial process air conditioning 

• Cold storage warehouses 

• Refrigerated transport 

• Retail food refrigeration 

• Commercial ice machines 

• Household refrigerators and freezers 

• Motor vehicle air conditioning 

(buses and passenger trains only) 

• Household and light commercial air 

conditioning and heat pumps 

R–407F, marketed under the trade 

name Genetron® LT or Genetron®

PerformaxTM LT, is a weighted blend of 

30 percent HFC–32, which is also 

known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5), 30 percent HFC–125, 

which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– 

33–6), and 40 percent HFC–134a, which 

is also known as 1,1,1,2- 

tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811– 

97–2). You may find the submission 

under Docket item EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118–0264 at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: R–407F 

has no ODP. HFC–32, HFC–125, and 

HFC–134a have GWPs of 675, 3500, and 

1430, respectively. If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then R– 

407F has a GWP of about 1,820. The 

contribution of this refrigerant blend to 

greenhouse gas emissions will be 

limited given it is subject to the venting 

prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 

the CAA and EPA’s implementing 

regulations codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1), which limit emissions of 

refrigerant substitutes. 

R–407F does not contain any VOCs as 

defined under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the national ambient air 

quality standards. 


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4EPA received a test marketing notification for 

this use, accessible under Docket item EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2003–0118–0266 at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

5ODP, GWP and atmospheric lifetime for PFBI 

are from information provided in the submission 

under Docket item EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0269 

at http://www.regulations.gov. 

Flammability information: While the 

component HFC–32 is moderately 

flammable, R–407F as formulated and in 

the worst-case fractionation formulation 

is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute 

may also irritate the skin or eyes or 

cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1000 ppm on an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for each of the components of 

R–407F. The manufacturer also 

recommends an AEL of 1000 ppm on an 

8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of the R–407F components. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet AIHA’s WEELs and the 

manufacturer’s recommended AELs and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and 

other safety precautions common to the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other refrigerants: R– 

407F is not ozone-depleting in contrast 

to HCFC–22 (with an ODP of 0.04) and 

HCFC–142b (with an ODP of 0.06), the 

ozone-depleting substances which it 

replaces, and comparable to a number of 

other acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes in these end uses (e.g., R– 

410A and R–404A). R–407F’s GWP of 

about 1,820 is comparable to that of 

HCFC–22 with a GWP of 1,810 and 

lower than or comparable to that of 

other non-ozone-depleting substitutes 

for HCFC–22 in the same refrigeration 

and air conditioning end uses, such as 

R–410A with a GWP of 2,100 and R– 

404A with a GWP of 3,930. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are low, 

as discussed above. Thus, EPA finds R– 

407F acceptable in the end uses listed 

above because the overall 

environmental and human health risk 

posed by R–407F is lower than or 

comparable to the risks posed by other 

substitutes found acceptable in the same 

end uses. 

3. R–507A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–507A is 

acceptable as a substitute for R–13B1 for 

use in retrofit equipment in very low 

temperature refrigeration. 

R–507A, also known as R–507, is a 

blend of 50% by weight HFC–125 

(1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane) and 50% 

by weight HFC–143a (1,1,1- 

trifluoroethane). EPA previously listed 

R–507A as an acceptable alternative for 

various CFCs (e.g., CFC–12) and CFCcontaining blends (e.g., R–500 and R– 

502) in several refrigeration and air 

conditioning end uses and as an 

alternative for HCFC–22 and blends in 

the very low temperature refrigeration 

end use. (March 18, 1994, 59 FR 13044; 

August 26, 1994, 59 FR 44240; January 

13, 1995, 60 FR 3318; September 5, 

1996, 61 FR 47012; December 20, 2002, 

67 FR 77927). Today’s decision finds R– 

507A acceptable as a substitute for R– 

13B1 (also known as halon 1301) in the 

very low temperature refrigeration end 

use.4

Environmental information: The ODP 

of R–507A is zero. The GWPs of HFC– 

125 and HFC–143a are about 3,400 and 

4,300, respectively. If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then R– 

507A has a GWP of 3,850. The 

contribution of this refrigerant blend to 

greenhouse gas emissions will be 

limited given it is subject to the venting 

prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 

the CAA and EPA’s implementing 

regulations codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1), which limit emissions of 

refrigerant substitutes. 

R–507A does not contain any VOCs as 

defined under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the national ambient air 

quality standards. 

Flammability Information: While the 

component HFC–143a is moderately 

flammable, R–507A as formulated and 

in the worst-case fractionation 

formulation is not flammable. 

Toxicity and Exposure Data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

headache, nausea, dizziness, 

drowsiness, or loss of consciousness. 

The substitute may also irritate the skin 

or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently 

high concentrations, the substitute may 

cause irregular heartbeat or rapid 

heartbeat. The substitute could cause 

asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

EPA anticipates that R–507A will be 

used consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the 

MSDSs for the blend and the individual 

components. All components of the 

blend have WEELs of 1,000 ppm, as 

established by AIHA. EPA anticipates 

that users will be able to meet AIHA’s 

WEELs and address potential health 

risks by following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and 

other safety precautions common to the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to Other Refrigerants: R– 

507A is not ozone-depleting, in contrast 

to R–13B1 (with an ODP of 15.9), the 

ozone-depleting substance which it 

replaces, and in contrast to NARM–502 

and R–403B, substitutes for this end use 

that contain HCFC–22 with an ODP of 

0.04. R–507A’s GWP of about 3,850 is 

well below that of R–13B1 with a GWP 

of 7,140 and lower than or comparable 

to that of other non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for R–13B1 in the very low 

temperature refrigeration end use, such 

as R–508A with a GWP of 13,200, 

NARM–502 with a GWP of 2,380, and 

R–403B with a GWP of 1,500. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are low, 

as discussed above. Thus, EPA finds R– 

507A acceptable in the very low 

temperature refrigeration end use for 

retrofit equipment because the overall 

environmental and human health risk 

posed by R–507A is lower than or 

comparable to the risks posed by other 

substitutes found acceptable in the same 

end use. 

B. Solvent Cleaning 

1. Perfluorobutyl Iodide (PFBI) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds 

perfluorobutyl iodide (PFBI) is 

acceptable as a substitute for CFC–113, 

methyl chloroform, and HCFC–225ca, 

HCFC–225cb, and blends thereof for use 

in: 

• Metal cleaning. 

• Electronics cleaning. 

• Precision cleaning. 

PFBI is also known as 

1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-iodobutane (CAS Reg. No. 423–39–2). This 

substitute was submitted to EPA under 

the trade name Capstone® 4–I as a 

fluorinated iodide mixture containing 

greater than 99 percent PFBI. You may 

find the submission under Docket item 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0269 at 

http://www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: PFBI has 

an ODP of less than 0.005. PFBI has a 

GWP of less than 5 relative to CO2 and 

an atmospheric lifetime of a few days 5. 

PFBI is currently defined as a VOC 

under Clean Air Act regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the national ambient air 

quality standards. Many States 

currently, in particular those with areas 

that are violating the ozone NAAQS, 


sroberts on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with RULES
61272 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 

6LC50 is defined as the concentration at which 

50% of the test animals die. 

7For more information see the risk screen for 

PFBI provided in the Docket at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

8Fisher Scientific, 2001. Material Safety Data 

Sheet for acetone. Updated March 19, 2001. 

Available at http://www.mhatt.aps.anl.gov/dohn/ 

msds/acetone.html. 

9NPS, 1997. Irwin, R.J., M. VanMouwerik, L. 

Stevens, M.S. Seese, and W. Basham. 1997. 

Environmental Contaminants Encyclopedia. 

National Park Service, Water Resources Division, 

Fort Collins, Colorado. 

10Material Safety Data Sheet for 3MTM NovecTM

7100 Engineered Fluid. March 17, 2011. 

Downloaded from http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/ 

mediawebserver?mwsId=SSS

SSuUn_zu8l00xl8mBm8mePv70k17zHvu9lxtD7

SSSSSS—on August 10, 2011. HFE–7100’s LC50 for 

fish (fathead minnow) is reported as being greater 

than its saturation concentration in water. 

11Toxicity of eight terpenes to fathead minnows 

(Pimephales promelas), daphnids (Daphnia 

magna), and algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). 

AScI Corporation and U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Environmental Research 

Laboratory–Duluth. 1990. 

12BOD is the amount of oxygen consumed by 

microorganisms as they decompose organic 

materials in water. 

have regulations governing the VOC 

content of solvents. 

Some evidence shows that the 

substitute can cause aquatic toxicity, 

with an LC506 of 2 mg/l in a 96-hour test 

on fathead minnows under laboratory 

conditions. Due to PFBI’s low solubility 

in water, high vapor pressure and high 

volatility, it is not likely to accumulate 

in surface water at concentrations high 

enough to be toxic to fish 7. To address 

the potential for toxicity to fish, the EPA 

recommends that users follow 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

MSDS, including: 

• Collect the spent solvent for 

reclamation or incineration; 

• Incinerate materials that contain or 

are contaminated with the solvent; 

• Send solvent-contaminated 

wastewater to a wastewater treatment 

facility to prevent the solvent from 

entering waterways; and 

• Do not dispose of the solvent by 

releasing it into waterways. 

EPA anticipates that PFBI will be 

disposed of consistent with regulations 

pertaining to the definition of hazardous 

waste under the Resource Conservation 

and Recovery Act (RCRA) as well as 

with the recommendations above. 

Flammability information: PFBI is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

cough, shortness of breath, central 

nervous system depression, dizziness, 

confusion, incoordination, drowsiness, 

or unconsciousness. The substitute may 

also irritate the skin or eyes. At 

sufficiently high concentrations, the 

substitute may cause irregular heartbeat 

or fluid in the lungs. These potential 

health effects are common to many 

solvents. 

EPA anticipates that PFBI will be 

used consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the 

manufacturer’s MSDS. EPA and the 

manufacturer both recommend an 

acceptable exposure limit of 375 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average 

for PFBI. Users should be aware of 

additional exposure limits that may be 

associated with byproducts in PFBI 

solutions, such as iodine. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the workplace exposure limits 

(manufacturer AEL and EPA 

recommendation) and address potential 

health risks by following requirements 

and recommendations in the MSDSs 

and other safety precautions common in 

the solvent cleaning industry. 

Comparison to other solvents: PFBI’s 

ODP of less than 0.005 is below that of 

CFC–113 (with an ODP of 0.85) and 

lower than or comparable to that of 

other substitutes for CFC–113 in metals, 

electronics, and precision cleaning such 

as HCFC–225ca with an ODP of 0.02, 

HCFC–225cb with an ODP of 0.03, and 

HFE–7100 with an ODP of zero. PFBI’s 

GWP of less than 5 is well below that 

of CFC–113 with a GWP of 6,130 and is 

lower than that of other substitutes for 

CFC–113 in the listed end uses, such as 

HCFC–225ca with a GWP of 1,220, 

HCFC–225cb with a GWP of 595, and 

HFE–7100 with a GWP of 297. PFBI has 

a lower LC50 for fish than some other 

acceptable solvents in these end uses 

(e.g., 7280 to 8120 mg/l for acetone 8, 

40.7 to 66.8 mg/l for trichloroethylene,9

and greater than 7.9 mg/l for HFE– 

7100 10) and an LC50 higher than for 

some other acceptable substitutes (e.g., 

0.7 mg/l for d-limonene 11). EPA expects 

that following the disposal 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

MSDS can sufficiently address this risk. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are low, 

as discussed above. Thus, EPA finds 

PFBI acceptable in the end uses listed 

above because the overall risk to human 

health and the environment posed by 

PFBI is lower than or comparable to the 

risks posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end uses. 

C. Fire Suppression 

1. Firebane® All-Weather 1115 and 

Firebane® 1115 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds Firebane®

All-Weather 1115 and Firebane® 1115 

acceptable as substitutes for halon 1211 

for use as streaming agents. 

Because the formulations of Firebane®

All-Weather 1115 and Firebane® 1115 

are very similar and share the same 

human health and environmental risks, 

we are listing them together and, 

hereinafter, collectively referring to 

them as ‘‘both Firebane® 1115 

formulations.’’ The manufacturer of 

both Firebane® 1115 formulations has 

claimed their composition as CBI. You 

may find the submissions under Docket 

items EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0255 

and EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0256 at 

http://www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: Both 

Firebane® 1115 formulations have zero 

ODP and zero GWP. Therefore, both 

Firebane® 1115 formulations are not 

expected to pose any significant adverse 

impacts on the ozone layer or climate. 

In the case of both Firebane® 1115 

formulations, it is expected that all of 

the constituents would rapidly 

aerosolize during expulsion from the 

container and then settle as a liquid on 

surfaces. After settling, cleanup would 

involve washing or rinsing of surfaces. 

The substitutes are readily 

biodegradable and have an 

exceptionally low biological oxygen 

demand 12 (BOD) level for wastewater 

and low chemical oxygen demand. 

Discharge of either Firebane® 1115 

formulation is, therefore, not expected 

to contribute to surface water 

contamination or generation of solid 

waste. 

Of the constituents of both Firebane 

1115® formulations, only one has not 

been exempted as a VOC under the CAA 

(40 CFR 51.100(s)). Potential emissions 

of VOCs from the use of substitutes for 

halons in the fire extinguishing and 

explosion prevention sector are likely to 

be insignificant relative to VOCs from 

all other sources (i.e., other industries, 

mobile sources, and biogenic sources). 

Even at full market penetration, and 

given typical annual emission rates for 

halon substitute fire suppressants, 

estimated annual VOC emissions from 

both formulations of Firebane® 1115 are 

not expected to pose any significant 

adverse impacts on local air quality. 

Flammability information: Both 

Firebane® 1115 formulations are nonflammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

majority of the constituents of the 

Firebane® 1115 formulations are 

classified by the U.S. Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA) as ‘‘Generally 

Recognized as Safe (GRAS)’’ 

compounds, and the remaining 

constituents are FDA-approved for use 

as direct and/or indirect food additives. 

These compounds are commonly used 

in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic 

applications. Individual constituents 

may cause gastrointestinal discomfort (if 


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excessively ingested), or minor irritation 

to the eyes, skin, and/or respiratory 

tract. 

Given the low toxicity of its 

constituents, both formulations of 

Firebane® 1115 are not expected to pose 

a significant risk to personnel during 

manufacture, installation and 

maintenance. To minimize worker 

exposure to any chemicals during 

manufacture, installation, and 

maintenance through an accidental 

release or spill, EPA recommends the 

following: 

• Proper personal protective 

equipment (PPE) be used during 

handling of the substitute (e.g., goggles, 

gloves); 

• Adequate ventilation should be in 

place; 

• All spills should be cleaned up 

immediately in accordance with good 

industrial hygiene practices; 

• Training for safe handling 

procedures should be provided to all 

employees that would be likely to 

handle containers of or extinguishing 

units filled with Firebane® 1115 or 

Firebane® All-Weather 1115; and 

• In case of an inadvertent discharge, 

workers should immediately follow the 

instructions listed in the manufacturer’s 

MSDS. 

The above recommendations are all 

contained in the manufacturers’s MSDS. 

EPA also recommends that use of these 

systems should be in accordance with 

the latest edition of NFPA 10 Standard 

for Portable Extinguishers. 

Firebane® 1115 and Firebane® AllWeather 1115 are not expected to cause 

significant harm to human health when 

used as streaming agents in portable fire 

extinguishers. As described above, the 

constituents of both Firebane® 1115 

formulations are composed of 

compounds with low toxicity. Their use 

as streaming agents is not expected to 

pose any significant adverse health 

effects when the recommended safety 

precautions are followed. 

Comparison to other fire 

suppressants: Both Firebane® 1115 

formulations have zero ODP and GWP 

in contrast to halon 1211 (with an ODP 

of 7.1 and a GWP of 1,890), the ODS 

which they replace. Compared to other 

substitutes for halon 1211, such as 

HCFC Blend B (with ODP of roughly 

0.01 and GWP of roughly 80), HFC– 

227ea (with ODP of 0 and GWP of 

3,220), and HFC–236fa (with an ODP of 

0 and GWP of 9,810), both Firebane®

1115 formulations have less impact on 

the atmosphere. Toxicity risks are low, 

as discussed above. Thus, we find that 

Firebane® 1115 and Firebane® AllWeather 1115 are acceptable because 

the overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by Firebane® 1115 and 

Firebane® All-Weather 1115 is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end use. 

2. Firebane® 1170 and Firebane® 1179 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds Firebane®

1170 and Firebane® 1179 acceptable as 

substitutes for halon 1211 for use as 

streaming agents. 

Because the formulations of Firebane®

1170 and Firebane® 1179 are very 

similar and share the same human 

health and environmental risks, they are 

being listed together and, hereinafter, 

collectively referred to in this section as 

‘‘both Firebane® formulations.’’ The 

manufacturer of both Firebane®

formulations has claimed their 

composition as CBI. You may find the 

submissions under Docket items EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0260 and EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0270 at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: Both 

Firebane® formulations have zero ODP 

and zero GWP. Therefore, both 

Firebane® formulations are not expected 

to pose any significant adverse impacts 

on the ozone layer or climate. 

At manufacture, EPA believes that 

regulatory requirements on industrial 

wastewater discharges are sufficient to 

prevent the unlikely release of the 

substitute to surface water during the 

manufacturing operations of both 

Firebane® formulations. Because of the 

BOD level of these formulations, 

discharges of either Firebane®

formulation that result in release to 

waterways could result in relatively 

high BOD in the waterways. However, 

neither Firebane® formulation is 

expected to pose significant harm to the 

environment, provided that proper 

disposal procedures are followed. As 

with the majority of halon substitutes, 

their physicochemical properties make 

it unlikely that the substitutes would be 

released to surface water. 

During discharge, the constituents of 

both Firebane® formulations would 

rapidly aerosolize during expulsion 

from the container and then settle as a 

liquid on surfaces. After settling, 

cleanup would involve washing or 

rinsing of surfaces. It is recommended 

that discharges of either Firebane®

formulation not be released to 

waterways. Further, during cleanup, it 

is recommended that discharges of 

either Firebane® formulation be 

collected (e.g., mopped) and sealed in 

containers and then disposed of in 

accordance with local, state, and federal 

requirements and as specified in the 

manufacturer’s MSDS. The MSDS also 

specifies that training for safe handling 

procedures be provided to all employees 

that would be likely to dispose of either 

Firebane® formulation at cleanup. In 

addition, the use of an extinguisher is 

expected to be infrequent (i.e., in case of 

a fire emergency), and therefore 

discharges at end-use would be 

infrequent. Therefore, EPA expects that 

following the safe handling and disposal 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

MSDS would protect against significant 

harm to surface water during 

manufacture, end-use or at cleanup. 

Of the constituents of both Firebane®

formulations, only one has not been 

exempted as a VOC under the CAA (40 

CFR 51.000). Potential emissions of 

VOCs from the use of substitutes for 

halons in the fire extinguishing and 

explosion prevention sector are likely to 

be insignificant relative to VOCs from 

all other sources (i.e., other industries, 

mobile sources, and biogenic sources). 

Even at full market penetration, and 

given typically annual emission rates for 

halon substitute fire suppressants, 

estimated annual VOC emissions from 

both Firebane® formulations are not 

expected to pose any significant adverse 

impact on local air quality. 

Flammability information: Both 

Firebane® formulations are nonflammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

majority of the constituents of both 

Firebane® formulations are composed of 

FDA-classified GRAS compounds, and 

the remaining constituents are FDAapproved for use as direct or indirect 

food additives. These compounds are 

commonly used in food, 

pharmaceutical, or cosmetic 

applications. Individual constituents 

may cause gastrointestinal discomfort (if 

excessively ingested), or minor irritation 

to the eyes, skin, and/or respiratory 

tract. Given the low toxicity of their 

constituents, both Firebane®

formulations are not expected to pose a 

significant risk to personnel during 

manufacture, installation and 

maintenance. To minimize worker 

exposure to any chemicals during 

manufacture, installation, and 

maintenance through an accidental 

release or spill, EPA recommends the 

following: 

• Proper Level C or higher PPE be 

used during handling of the substitute 

(e.g., goggles, gloves); 

• Adequate ventilation should be in 

place; 

• All spills should be cleaned up 

immediately in accordance with good 

industrial hygiene practices; 

• Training for safe handling 

procedures should be provided to all 

employees that would be likely to 


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handle containers of or extinguishing 

units filled with Firebane® 1170 or 

Firebane® 1179; and 

• In case of an inadvertent discharge, 

workers should immediately follow the 

instructions listed in the MSDS for 

Firebane® 1170 or for Firebane® 1179. 

The above recommendations are all 

included in the manufacturer’s MSDSs. 

EPA also recommends that use of these 

systems should be in accordance with 

the latest edition of NFPA 10 Standard 

for Portable Extinguishers. 

Firebane® 1170 and Firebane® 1179 

are not expected to cause harm to 

human health when used as streaming 

agents in portable fire extinguishers. 

EPA expects no significant adverse 

health effects when the recommended 

safety precautions and normal industry 

practices are applied and use of the 

substitutes is in accordance with the 

manufacturer’s MSDSs. 

Comparison to other fire 

suppressants: Both Firebane® 1170 and 

Firebane® 1179 have zero ODP and 

GWP in contrast to halon 1211 (with an 

ODP of 7.1 and a GWP or 1,890), the 

ODS they replace. Compared to other 

substitutes for halon 1211, such as 

HCFC Blend B (with an ODP of roughly 

0.01 and GWP of roughly 80), HFC– 

227ea (with an ODP of 0 and GWP of 

3,220), and HFC–236fa (with an ODP of 

0 and GWP of 9,810), both Firebane®

formulations have less impact on the 

atmosphere. Toxicity risks are low, as 

discussed above. Thus, we find that 

Firebane® 1170 and Firebane® 1179 are 

acceptable because the overall 

environmental and human health risk 

posed by Firebane® 1170 and Firebane®

1179 is lower than or comparable to the 

risks posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end use. 

3. Firebane® 1179 Total Flooding 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds Firebane®

1179 acceptable as a substitute for 

halon 1301 for total flooding uses in 

both occupied and unoccupied areas. 

The manufacturer of Firebane® 1179 

has claimed its composition as CBI. You 

may find the submission under Docket 

item EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0270 at 

http://www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: 

Firebane® 1179 has zero ODP and zero 

GWP. Firebane® 1179 is expected to 

aerosolize rapidly during expulsion 

from the fire suppression system and 

then settle as a liquid on surfaces. After 

settling, cleanup would involve washing 

or rinsing of surfaces. See the listing for 

Firebane® 1179 above in section C.2 for 

further information. 

Flammability information: Firebane®

1179 is non-flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

majority of the constituents in the 

Firebane® 1179 formulation are FDAclassified GRAS compounds, and the 

remaining constituents are FDAapproved for use as direct or indirect 

food additives. These compounds are 

commonly used in food, 

pharmaceutical, or cosmetic 

applications. Individual constituents 

may cause gastrointestinal discomfort (if 

excessively ingested), or minor irritation 

to the eyes, skin, and/or respiratory 

tract. Given the low toxicity of its 

constituents, EPA expects no significant 

adverse health effects when the 

recommended safety precautions and 

normal industry practices are applied 

and use of the substitute is in 

accordance with the manufacturer’s 

MSDS. See the listing for Firebane®

1179 above in section C.2 for further 

information. 

Comparison to other fire 

suppressants: Firebane® 1179 has zero 

ODP and GWP in contrast to halon 1301 

(with an ODP of 16 and a GWP of 

7,140), the ozone-depleting substance 

which it replaces, and comparable to 

other acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes (e.g., Inert Gas 541, HFC– 

227ea and HFC–125). Firebane® 1179’s 

GWP is comparable to or less than that 

for other non-ozone depleting 

substitutes for halon 1301, such as Inert 

Gas 541, HFC–227ea or HFC–125, with 

GWPs of less than 1, 3,220, and 3,500, 

respectively. Toxicity risks are low, as 

discussed above. Thus, we find that 

Firebane® 1179 is acceptable because 

the overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by Firebane® 1179 is 

lower than or comparable to the risks 

posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end use. 

4. N2 Towers Inert Gas Generator Fire 

Suppression System (N2 Towers®

System) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds the N2 

Towers Inert Gas Generator Fire 

Suppression System (N2 Towers®

System) is acceptable as a substitute for 

halon 1301 for total flooding uses in 

both occupied and unoccupied areas. 

The N2 Towers® System is a fire 

suppression system that pyrotechnically 

generates nitrogen (N2, CAS Reg. No. 

7727–37–9). It is designed for use with 

Class A and B fires (ordinary 

combustible materials fires and 

flammable liquids fires, respectively). 

The N2 Towers® System is an inert gas 

system designed for total flooding 

applications for fires in normally 

occupied or unoccupied spaces. Each N2

generator unit contains a large number 

of small propellant grain discs that 

generate nitrogen gas when activated. 

Depending on the fire suppression 

requirement, several generators may be 

stacked inside an N2 tower in a room, 

or a single generator may be bracketed 

inside a vehicle. You may find the 

submission under Docket item EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118–0253 at http:// 

www.regulations.gov. 

Environmental information: The 

constituents of the N2 Towers® System 

are solids before use and therefore have 

zero ODP and zero GWP. Further, the 

ODP of each of the post-activation 

constituents of the N2 Towers® System 

is zero, and the GWPs of post-activation 

constituents are 1 or less. 

The N2 Towers® System does not 

contain any VOCs as defined under 

CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the national 

ambient air quality standards. 

Accordingly, use of the N2 Towers®

System is not expected to pose any 

significant adverse impacts on local air 

quality. 

Flammability information: The N2 

Towers® System generates products that 

are non-flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

potential health risks of the N2 Towers®

System come from its production of 

nitrogen gas, an inert gas that at 

sufficiently high levels can cause 

asphyxiation. The N2 Towers® System 

is designed to ensure that the oxygen 

concentration in any protected space 

will not fall below 12 percent over the 

5-minute discharge period, consistent 

with the health criteria in NFPA 

Standard 2001 for Clean Agent Fire 

Extinguishing Systems. EPA 

recommends that use of this system 

should be in accordance with the safe 

exposure guidelines for inert gas 

systems in the latest edition of NFPA 

2001, specifically the requirements for 

residual oxygen levels, and that use 

should be in accordance with the 

relevant operational requirements in 

NFPA Standard 2010 for Aerosol 

Extinguishing Systems. EPA also 

recommends that Section VIII of the 

OSHA Technical Manual be consulted 

as well as all information from the 

manufacturer for information on 

selecting the appropriate types of PPE to 

be worn by personnel involved in the 

manufacture, installation, and 

maintenance of the N2 Towers® System. 

Comparison to other fire 

suppressants: The N2 Towers® System 

is not ozone-depleting in contrast to 

halon 1301 (with an ODP of 16 and a 

GWP of 7,140), the ODS which it 

replaces, and comparable to other 

acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes (e.g., Inert Gas 541, HFC– 

227ea and HFC–125). The GWPs of the 


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13As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ‘‘interstate 

commerce’’ means the distribution or transportation 

of any product between one state, territory, 

possession or the District of Columbia, and another 

state, territory, possession or the District of 

Columbia, or the sale, use or manufacture of any 

product in more than one state, territory, possession 

or District of Columbia. The entry points for which 

a product is introduced into interstate commerce 

are the release of a product from the facility in 

which the product was manufactured, the entry into 

a warehouse from which the domestic manufacturer 

releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 

the site of United States Customs clearance. 

14As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘end-use’’ means 

processes or classes of specific applications within 

major industrial sectors where a substitute is used 

to replace an ODS. 

post-activation constituents of the N2 

Towers® System range from zero to 

three which are comparable to or less 

than the GWPs for other non-ozone 

depleting substitutes for halon 1301, 

such as Inert Gas 541, HFC–227ea or 

HFC–125, with GWPs of less than 1, 

3,220, and 3,500, respectively. Toxicity 

risks are low, as discussed above. Thus, 

we find that the N2 Towers® System is 

acceptable because the overall 

environmental and human health risk 

posed by the N2 Towers® System is 

lower than or comparable to the risks 

posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end use. 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and 

Authority for the SNAP Program 

Section 612 of the Clean Air Act 

(CAA) requires EPA to develop a 

program for evaluating alternatives to 

ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers 

to this program as the Significant New 

Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. 

The major provisions of section 612 are: 

1. Rulemaking 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

promulgate rules making it unlawful to 

replace any class I substance (i.e., 

chlorofluorocarbon, halon, carbon 

tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, 

methyl bromide, and 

hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II 

substance (i.e., 

hydrochlorofluorocarbon) with any 

substitute that the Administrator 

determines may present adverse effects 

to human health or the environment 

where the Administrator has identified 

an alternative that (1) Reduces the 

overall risk to human health and the 

environment, and (2) is currently or 

potentially available. 

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable 

Substitutes 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

publish a list of the substitutes 

unacceptable for specific uses and to 

publish a corresponding list of 

acceptable alternatives for specific uses. 

The list of acceptable substitutes may be 

found at http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ 

snap/lists/index.html and the lists of 

substitutes that are ‘‘unacceptable,’’ 

‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions,’’ 

and ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits’’ are in subpart G of 40 CFR part 

82. 

3. Petition Process 

Section 612(d) grants the right to any 

person to petition EPA to add a 

substance to, or delete a substance from, 

the lists published in accordance with 

section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days 

to grant or deny a petition. Where the 

Agency grants the petition, EPA must 

publish the revised lists within an 

additional six months. 

4. 90-Day Notification 

Section 612(e) directs EPA to require 

any person who produces a chemical 

substitute for a class I substance to 

notify the Agency not less than 90 days 

before new or existing chemicals are 

introduced into interstate commerce for 

significant new uses as substitutes for a 

class I substance. The producer must 

also provide the Agency with the 

producer’s unpublished health and 

safety studies on such substitutes. 

5. Outreach 

Section 612(b)(1) states that the 

Administrator shall seek to maximize 

the use of federal research facilities and 

resources to assist users of class I and 

II substances in identifying and 

developing alternatives to the use of 

such substances in key commercial 

applications. 

6. Clearinghouse 

Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency 

to set up a public clearinghouse of 

alternative chemicals, product 

substitutes, and alternative 

manufacturing processes that are 

available for products and 

manufacturing processes which use 

class I and II substances. 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

On March 18, 1994, EPA published 

the original rulemaking (59 FR 13044) 

which established the process for 

administering the SNAP program and 

issued EPA’s first lists identifying 

acceptable and unacceptable substitutes 

in the major industrial use sectors 

(subpart G of 40 CFR part 82). These 

sectors—refrigeration and air 

conditioning; foam blowing; cleaning 

solvents; fire suppression and explosion 

protection; sterilants; aerosols; 

adhesives, coatings and inks; and 

tobacco expansion—are the principal 

industrial sectors that historically 

consumed the largest volumes of ODS. 

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA 

to ensure that substitutes found 

acceptable do not present a significantly 

greater risk to human health and the 

environment than other substitutes that 

are currently or potentially available. 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

Under the SNAP regulations, anyone 

who plans to market or produce a 

substitute to replace a class I substance 

or class II substance in one of the eight 

major industrial use sectors must 

provide notice to the Agency, including 

health and safety information on the 

substitute, at least 90 days before 

introducing it into interstate commerce 

for significant new use as an alternative. 

This requirement applies to the persons 

planning to introduce the substitute into 

interstate commerce,13 which typically 

are chemical manufacturers but may 

include importers, formulators, 

equipment manufacturers, and endusers 14. The regulations identify certain 

narrow exemptions from the notification 

requirement, such as research and 

development and test marketing (40 

CFR 82.176(b)(4) and (5), respectively). 

The Agency has identified four 

possible decision categories for 

substitutes that are submitted for 

evaluation: Acceptable; acceptable 

subject to use conditions; acceptable 

subject to narrowed use limits; and 

unacceptable (40 CFR 82.180(b)). Use 

conditions and narrowed use limits are 

both considered ‘‘use restrictions’’ and 

are explained in the paragraphs below. 

Substitutes that are deemed acceptable 

with no use restrictions (no use 

conditions or narrowed use limits) can 

be used for all applications within the 

relevant end uses within the sector. 

After reviewing a substitute, the 

Agency may determine that a substitute 

is acceptable only if certain conditions 

in the way that the substitute is used are 

met to minimize risks to human health 

and the environment. EPA describes 

such substitutes as ‘‘acceptable subject 

to use conditions.’’ Entities that use 

these substitutes without meeting the 

associated use conditions are in 

violation of EPA’s SNAP regulations. 

For some substitutes, the Agency may 

permit a narrowed range of use within 

an end-use or sector. For example, the 

Agency may limit the use of a substitute 

to certain end-uses or specific 

applications within an industry sector. 

EPA describes these substitutes as 

‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits.’’ The Agency requires the user of 

a narrowed-use substitute to 


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demonstrate that no other acceptable 

substitutes are available for the specific 

application by conducting 

comprehensive studies. A person using 

a substitute that is acceptable subject to 

narrowed use limits in applications and 

end-uses that are not consistent with the 

narrowed use limit is using the 

substitute in an unacceptable manner 

and is in violation of section 612 of the 

CAA and EPA’s SNAP regulations. 

The Agency publishes its SNAP 

program decisions in the Federal 

Register (FR). EPA publishes decisions 

concerning substitutes that are deemed 

acceptable subject to use restrictions 

(use conditions and/or narrowed use 

limits), or substitutes deemed 

unacceptable, as proposed rulemakings 

to provide the public with an 

opportunity to comment, before 

publishing final decisions. 

In contrast, EPA publishes decisions 

concerning substitutes that are deemed 

acceptable with no restrictions in 

‘‘notices of acceptability’’ or 

‘‘determinations of acceptability,’’ rather 

than as proposed and final rules. As 

described in the March 18, 1994, rule 

initially implementing the SNAP 

program, EPA does not believe that 

rulemaking procedures are necessary to 

list alternatives that are acceptable 

without restrictions because such 

listings neither impose any sanction nor 

prevent anyone from using a substitute. 

Many SNAP listings include 

‘‘Comments’’ or ‘‘Further Information’’ 

to provide additional information on 

substitutes. Since this additional 

information is not part of the regulatory 

decision, these statements are not 

binding for use of the substitute under 

the SNAP program. However, regulatory 

requirements so listed are binding under 

other regulatory programs (e.g., worker 

protection regulations promulgated by 

the Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA)). The ‘‘Further 

Information’’ classification does not 

necessarily include all other legal 

obligations pertaining to the use of the 

substitute. While the items listed are not 

legally binding under the SNAP 

program, EPA encourages users of 

substitutes to apply all statements in the 

‘‘Further Information’’ column in their 

use of these substitutes. In many 

instances, the information simply refers 

to sound operating practices that have 

already been identified in existing 

industry and/or building codes or 

standards. Thus many of the statements, 

if adopted, would not require the 

affected user to make significant 

changes in existing operating practices. 

D. Additional Information About the 

SNAP Program 

For copies of the comprehensive 

SNAP lists of substitutes or additional 

information on SNAP, refer to EPA’s 

Ozone Depletion Web site at: http:// 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/index.html. 

For more information on the Agency’s 

process for administering the SNAP 

program or criteria for evaluation of 

substitutes, refer to the March 18, 1994, 

SNAP final rulemaking (59 FR 13044), 

codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. 

A complete chronology of SNAP 

decisions and the appropriate citations 

is found at: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ 

snap/chron.html. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Dated: September 27, 2011. 

Elizabeth Craig, 

Acting Director, Office of Atmospheric 

Programs. 

Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable 

Decisions 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Centrifugal chillers (retrofit only) ..... Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–11, CFC–12, CFC–114, 

R–500, HCFC–22 and HCFC 

blends, including those containing HCFC–22 and/or 

HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Reciprocating and screw chillers 

(retrofit only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Industrial process refrigeration (retrofit only).Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–11, CFC–12, CFC–113, 

CFC–114, R–13B1, R–500, R– 

502, HCFC–22 and HCFC 

blends, including those containing HCFC–22 and/or 

HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Industrial process refrigeration (retrofit and new).R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The American Industrial Hygiene Association 

(AIHA) has established workplace environmental 

exposure limits (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm over an 

8-hour time-weighted average for each of R– 

407F’s individual components. 

Ice skating rinks (retrofit only) ......... Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Ice skating rinks (retrofit and new) R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 61277 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Industrial process air conditioning 

(retrofit and new).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Cold storage warehouses (retrofit 

only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Cold storage warehouses (retrofit 

and new).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Refrigerated transport (retrofit only) Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Refrigerated transport (retrofit and 

new).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Retail food refrigeration (retrofit 

only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Retail food refrigeration (retrofit and 

new).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Vending machines (retrofit only) ..... Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Commercial ice machines (retrofit 

only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, R–502, 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Commercial ice machines (retrofit 

and new).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Residential dehumidifiers (retrofit 

only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–500, HCFC–22 

and HCFC blends, including 

those containing HCFC–22 

and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Household refrigerators and freezers (retrofit and new).R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Motor vehicle air conditioning (retrofit and new-bus and passenger 

trains only).

R–407F as a substitute for 

HCFC–22 and HCFC blends, 

including those containing 

HCFC–22 and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 

Household and light commercial air 

conditioning and heat pumps (retrofit only).

Hot Shot 2 as a substitute for 

CFC–12, R–502, HCFC–22 

and HCFC blends, including 

those containing HCFC–22 

and/or HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The manufacturer has an acceptable exposure 

limit of 1,000 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted 

average for Hot Shot 2. 

Household and light commercial air 

conditioning and heat pumps (retrofit and new).

R–407F as a substitute for CFC– 

12, R–502, HCFC–22 and 

HCFC blends, including those 

containing HCFC–22 and/or 

HCFC–142b.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–407F’s individual components. 


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61278 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Very low temperature refrigeration 

(retrofit).

R–507A as a substitute for R– 

13B1.

Acceptable ........ The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm 

over an 8-hour time-weighted average for each 

of R–507A’s individual components. 

1 Users should observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s MSDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants. 

SOLVENT CLEANING

End-Uses Substitute Decision Further information 

Metals cleaning ............................... Perfluorobutyl iodide (PFBI) as a 

substitute for CFC–113, methyl 

chloroform, and HCFC–225ca, 

HCFC–225cb, and blends 

thereof.

Acceptable ........ PFBI has an ODP of less than 0.005 and a 100- 

year global warming potential of less than 5. Its 

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number 

(CAS Reg. No.) is 423–39–2. 

Electronics cleaning ........................ ....................................................... ........................... EPA recommends an acceptable exposure limit of 

375 ppm over an 8-hour time-weighted average 

for PFBI. 

Precision cleaning ........................... ....................................................... ........................... Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

MSDS and guidance for using this substitute, 

particularly with respect to disposal considerations. EPA recommends that spent solvent is 

collected for reclamation or incineration, materials that contain or contaminated with solvents 

are incinerated, and that solvent-contaminated 

wastewater is sent to a wastewater treatment facility to prevent the solvent from entering waterways. 

PFBI is currently defined as a volatile organic compound (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of 

State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to attain and 

maintain the national ambient air quality standards. 

FIRE SUPPRESSION

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1 2

Total flooding systems (occupied 

and unoccupied areas).

Firebane® 1179 as a substitute 

for halon 1301.

Acceptable ........ EPA recommends that use of this system should 

be in accordance with the manufacturer’s 

MSDS. 

N2 Towers® System as a substitute for halon 1301.Acceptable ........ EPA recommends that use of this system should 

be in accordance with the safe exposure guidelines for inert gas systems in the latest edition of 

NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, specifically the requirements 

for residual oxygen levels, and use should be in 

accordance with the NFPA Standard 2010 for 

Aerosol Extinguishing Systems. 

Streaming agents ............................ Firebane® All-Weather 1115 and 

Firebane® 1115 as substitutes 

for halon 1211.

Acceptable ........ EPA recommends that use of these systems be in 

accordance with the latest edition of NFPA 10 

Standard for Portable Extinguishers. 

Firebane® 1170 and Firebane®

1179 as substitutes for halon 

1211.

Acceptable ........ EPA recommends that use of these systems be in 

accordance with the latest edition of NFPA 10 

Standard for Portable Extinguishers. 

1EPA recommends that users consult Section VIII of the OSHA Technical Manual for information on selecting the appropriate types of personal protective equipment for all listed fire suppression agents. EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related to the 

use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any other occupational safety and health standard with respect to halon substitutes. 2 Use of all listed fire suppression agents should conform to relevant OSHA requirements, including 29 CFR part 1910, subpart L, sections 

1910.160 and 1910.162. 

[FR Doc. 2011–25391 Filed 10–3–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 


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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 192 / Tuesday, October 4, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 61279 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

Federal Emergency Management 

Agency 

44 CFR Part 67 

[Docket ID FEMA–2011–0002] 

Final Flood Elevation Determinations 

Correction 

In rule document 2011–15507, 

beginning on page 36373, in the issue of 

Wednesday June 22, 2011, make the 

following corrections: 

§ 67.11 [Corrected] 

1. On page 36379, in the first column 

of the table for Clinton County, Iowa, 

‘‘Unincorporated Areas of Clinton 

County’’ should not have appeared. 

2. On the same page, in the first 

column of the table for Muscatine 

County, Iowa, ‘‘Unincorporated Areas of 

Muscatine County, Iowa’’ should not 

have appeared. 

[FR Doc. C1–2011–15507 Filed 10–3–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 1505–01–D 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS 

COMMISSION 

47 CFR Parts 32, 52, 61, 64, and 69 

Communications Common Carriers, 

Reporting and Recordkeeping 

Requirements, Telephone, 

Telecommunications, Uniform System 

of Accounts 

AGENCY: Federal Communications 

Commission. 

ACTION: Final rule; announcement of 

effective date. 

SUMMARY: This document announces the 

approval of the Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB) for information 

collection requirements in the sections 

outlined in the DATES section. 

DATES: Effective October 4, 2011, the 

following regulations have been 

approved by OMB: 

32.2000—64 FR 50007, September 15, 

1999. 

52.33—63 FR 35161, June 29, 1998. 

52.33(a)(3)—67 FR 40620, June 13, 

2002. 

61.38(b)(4)—69 FR 25336, May 6, 

2004. 

61.41(c), (d) and (e)—69 FR 25336, 

May 6, 2004. 

64.5001—71 FR 43673, August 2, 

2006. 

69.123—69 FR 25336, May 6, 2004. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Lynne Hewitt Engledow, Pricing Policy 

Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, 

at lynne.engledow@fcc.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On June 

23 2000, OMB approved the information 

collection requirements contained in 

§ 32.2000 of title 47 of the United States 

Code as a revision to OMB Control 

Number 3060–0370. 

On September 12, 2000, OMB 

approved the information collection 

requirements contained in § 52.33 of 

title 47 of the United States Code as a 

revision to OMB Control Number 3060– 

0370. 

On October 22, 2002 OMB approved 

the information collection requirements 

contained in § 52.33(a)(3) of title 47 of 

the United States Code as a revision to 

OMB Control Number 3060–0742. 

On May 25, 2005, OMB approved the 

information collection requirements 

contained in §§ 61.38(b)(4), 61.41(c), (d) 

and (e) and 69.123 of title 47 of the 

United States Code as a revision to OMB 

Control Number 3060–0298. 

On February 5, 2007, OMB approved 

the information collection requirements 

contained in § 64.5001 of title 47 of the 

United States Code as a new collection, 

OMB Control Number 3060–1096. These 

information collection requirements 

required OMB approval to become 

effective. The Commission publishes 

this document as an announcement of 

those approvals. If you have any 

comments on the burden estimates 

listed below, or how the Commission 

can improve the collections and reduce 

any burdens caused thereby, please 

contact Thomas Butler, Federal 

Communications Commission, Room 5– 

C458, 445 12th Street, SW., Washington, 

DC 20554. Please include the OMB 

Control Numbers, 3060–0370, 3060– 

0742, 3060–0298, and 3060–1096 in 

your correspondence. The Commission 

will also accept your comments via the 

Internet if you send them to 

PRA@fcc.gov. 

To request materials in accessible 

formats for people with disabilities 

(Braille, large print, electronic files, 

audio format), send an e-mail to 

fcc504@fcc.gov or call the Consumer & 

Governmental Affairs Bureau at (202) 

418–0530 (voice, (202) 419–0432 (TTY). 

Synopsis: As required by the 

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 

U.S.C. 3507), the FCC is notifying the 

public that it received OMB approval for 

the information collection requirements 

described above. The OMB Control 

Numbers are 3060–0370, 3060–0742, 

3060–0298 and 3060–1096. The total 

annual reporting burden for respondents 

for these collections of information, 

including the time for gathering and 

maintaining the collection of 

information, has been most recently 

approved to be: 

For 3060–0370: 859 responses, for a 

total of 859 hours, and no annual costs. 

For 3060–0742: 10,001,890 responses, 

for a total of 672,516 hours and 

$13,423,321 in annual costs. 

For 3060–0298: 1,160 responses, for a 

total annual burden of 58,000 hours, 

and $945,400 in annual costs. 

For 3060–1096: 1,896 responses, for a 

total of 15,800 hours, and no annual 

costs. 

An agency may not conduct or 

sponsor a collection of information 

unless it displays a current valid OMB 

Control Number. No person shall be 

subject to any penalty for failing to 

comply with a collection of information 

subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act, 

which does not display a current, valid 

OMB Control Number. The foregoing 

notice is required by the Paperwork 

Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104– 

13, October 1, 1995, and 44 U.S.C. 3507. 

List of Subjects in 47 CFR Parts 32, 52, 

61, 64, and 69 

Communications common carriers, 

reporting and Recordkeeping 

requirements, Telephone, 

Telecommunications, Uniform system 

of accounts. 

Federal Communications Commission. 

Marlene H. Dortch, 

Secretary. 

[FR Doc. 2011–25586 Filed 10–3–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6712–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

Defense Acquisition Regulations 

System 

48 CFR Parts 212, 247, and 252 

RIN 0750–AG25 

Defense Federal Acquisition 

Regulation Supplement; Defense 

Cargo Riding Gang Member (DFARS 

Case 2007–D002) 

AGENCY: Defense Acquisition 

Regulations System, Department of 

Defense (DoD). 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: DoD is adopting as final, with 

changes, an interim rule amending the 

Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation 

Supplement (DFARS) to implement 

section 3504 of the National Defense 


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