IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE 

MRPC CHRISTIANA LLC,

et al.,

 

 Plaintiffs/Counterclaim Defendants ,

 v.

CROWN BANK,

 

 Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff. 

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) C.A. No. N15C-02-010 EMD

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 DECISION AFTER TRIAL

John G. Harris, Esq., Michael W. McDermott, Esq., and David B. Anthony, Esq., Berger Harris 

LLP, Wilmington, Delaware. Attorneys for Plaintiffs/Counterclaim Defendants MRPC 

Christiana LLC, Krishnas, LLC, BWI MRPC Hotels, LLC, Paresh Patel, Ranjan Patel, Chirag 

Patel and Paresh Patel and Ranjan Patel Irrevocable Trust. 

Daniel A. Griffith, Esq., Chad J. Toms, Esq., and Kaan Ekiner, Esq., Whiteford, Taylor & 

Preston, LLC. Attorneys for Crown Bank.

I. INTRODUCTION

This is a commercial civil action. The action arises out of a $12,988,000.00 construction 

loan (the “Loan”) by and between Crown Bank (“Crown”), MRPC Christiana, LLC (“MRPC”). 

The Loan is secured by various guarantees and collateral, including the primary collateral which 

is a hotel located at 56 South Old Baltimore Pike, Parcel Numbers 09-035.00-019 and 09-

035.00-12, Newark Delaware (the “Hotel”). 

The complaint (the “Complaint”) initiating this civil action was filed on January 31, 

2015. The named Plaintiffs were MRPC, Krishnas, LLC (“Krishnas”), Ganesa, LLC (“Ganesa”), 

BWI MRPC Hotels, LLC (“BWI”), Paresh Patel (“Mr. P. Patel”), Ranjan Patel (“Ms. R. Patel”), 

Chirag Patel (“Mr. C. Patel”), and Ranjan Patel Irrevocable Trust (the “Trust”, and collectively 

with other Plaintiffs, the “Plaintiffs”). The Complaint set forth five (5) causes of action against 

Crown: (i) Count I – Negligence; (ii) Count II – Breach of Contract; (iii) Count III –Breach of 
2

Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing; (iv) Count IV – Tortious Interference with Contract; 

and (v) Count V – Unjust Enrichment.

On February 25, 2015, Crown filed an Answer to the Complaint. The Answer also 

asserted twenty-one counterclaims (the “Counterclaims”) , which sets forth 21 counts for 

affirmative relief: (i) Count I – Money Damages – Note #1 (Permanent Note); (ii) Count II –

Money Damages – Note #2 (Interim Note); (iii) Count III – Money Damages - Chirag Guaranty 

#1; (iv) Count IV – Money Damages - Chirag Guaranty #2; (v) Count V – Money Damages -

The Trust Guaranty #1; (vi) Count VI – Money Damages - The Trust Guaranty #2; (vii) Count 

VII – Money Damages - Krishnas Guaranty #1; (viii) Count VIII – Money Damages - Krishnas 

Guaranty #2; (ix) Count IX – Money Damages - Ganesa Guaranty #1; (x) Count X – Money 

Damages - Ganesa Guaranty #2; (xi) Count XI – Money Damages - BWI Guaranty #1; (xii) 

Count XII – Money Damages - BWI Guaranty #2; (xiii) Count XIII – Money Damages - Paresh 

Guaranty #1; (xiv) Count XIV – Money Damages - Paresh Guaranty #2; (xv) Count XV –

Money Damages - Ranjan Guaranty #1; (xvi) Count XVI – Money Damages - Ranjan Guaranty 

#2; (xvii) Count XVII – Judgment in Possession – Security Agreement #1; (xviii) Count XVIII –

Judgment in Possession – Security Agreement #2; (xix) Count XIX –In Rem Levy on Hotel 

Property; (xx) Count XX – In Rem Levy on Second Hotel Property; and (xxi) Count XXI – In 

Rem Levy on the Hockessin Property. Counterclaims I through XVI, that seek in personam

remedies, and Counterclaims XVII through XXI seek in rem relief. On March 23, 2015, 

Plaintiffs filed their Answer to the Counterclaims. 

On July 28, 2015, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Administrative Consolidation (the 

“Consolidation Motion”), seeking to consolidate, under Superior Court Civil Rule 42(a), seven 

(7) separate matters pending in the Delaware Superior Court. 
3

On March 16, 2016, the Court entered the Amended Trial Scheduling Order (the 

“Amended Trial Scheduling Order”), setting forth a trial date of August 1, 2016. [D.I. 62]. 

On May 20, 2016, Crown filed a Motion to Strike Jury Demand. On June 20, 2016, the 

Court granted Crown’s Motion to Strike Jury Demand.

On June 7, 2016, Crown filed four motions for partial summary judgment (the “Partial 

Summary Judgment Motions”). The Partial Summary Judgement Motions sought relief under 

Civil Rule 5 on Plaintiffs’ Count I, Count IV and Count V. One of the Partial Summary 

Judgement Motions moved for judgement on all of Plaintiffs’ breach of contract claims. On June 

27, 2016, Plaintiffs filed their Responses in Opposition to the Partial Summary Judgment 

Motions. 

On June 29, 2016, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Leave to File an Amended Complaint. On 

July 5, 2016, Crown filed a Response in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to File an

Amended Complaint. 

The Court held a hearing on the Partial Summary Judgment Motions on July 11, 2016. 

During the hearing, Plaintiffs withdrew their opposition to the Partial Summary Judgment 

Motions as to Counts I and V. On July 20, 2016, the Court granted Crown’s Partial Motion for 

Summary Judgment as to Count IV. The Court also denied Crown’s Motion for Partial 

Summary Judgment as to all breach of contract claims, holding that there were genuine questions 

as to material facts. Accordingly, the Plaintiffs’ only remaining claims were Count II for Breach 

of Contract and Count III for Breach of the Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing. 

At the hearing, the Court also granted in part and denied in part Plaintiffs’ Motion for 

Leave to File an Amended Complaint. On July 25, 2016, Plaintiffs filed the First Amended 

Complaint. On July 27, 2016, Crown filed its Answer to the First Amended Complaint. 
4

On July 22, 2016, the pretrial conference was held before the Court. After the pretrial 

conference, the Court entered the joint proposed pretrial stipulation and order (the “Pretrial 

Stipulation”). 

II. THE TRIAL

A bench trial on Plaintiffs’ Counts II and III and Crown’s Counterclaims was held on the 

following dates: August 1, 2016 through August 5, 2016; September 21, 2016 through 

September 23, 2016; October 21, 2016; November 7, 2016; and January 6, 2017 (collectively, 

the “Trial”).1 The Court then had both parties submit their closing arguments in written form, 

receiving the final post-trial paper on or about June 16, 2017.2

A. WITNESSES

During the Trial, the Court heard from and considered testimony from the following 

witnesses:

Chirag P. Patel

Paresh Patel

Daniel Lesser

Thomas Deignan

Kevin Friedrich

John Burgess

Peggy Lane

Lawrence Kneip

Anthony Mirandi

Jacinto Rodrigues

Warren Feldman

William Santora

Brian Casey

Keith Madigan

 

1 Super. Ct. R. Civ. P. 39(b)

2 Although in all the Briefing Orders, the parties did not submit word versions of their post-trial briefs until after the 

Court made a request late in September 2017.
5

All the witnesses testified on direct and were available for cross-examination. The fact 

witnesses in this civil action were Mr. C. Patel, Mr. P. Patel, Mr. Deignan, Mr. Friedrich, Mr. 

Burgess, Ms. Lane, Mr. Kneip, Mr. Mirandi, and Mr. Rodrigues. The expert witnesses were Mr. 

Lesser, Mr. Feldman, Mr. Madigan, Mr. Casey and Mr. Santora. Normally, the Court would list 

the witnesses in the order they testified and which party called the witness; however, because the 

Trial was a bench trial, the Court took witnesses out of order and used Rule 611 of the Delaware 

Rules of Evidence to allow for examination of the witness for both parties cases-in-chief.

B. EXHIBITS

The parties submitted an extensive number of exhibits. Most of these exhibits were 

admitted without objection. The parties provided the Court with the exhibits in the form of joint 

exhibits (“JX”). 

III. APPLICABLE LAW

The Court will be applying the following general legal principles:

A. GOVERNING SUBSTANTIVE LAW

The Agreement provides that New Jersey law applies to the substantive issues relating to 

governance, construction and interpretation.3 

B. STANDARD OF LAW FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT

In New Jersey, a party must allege three elements to state a breach of contract claim: “(1) 

a valid contract, (2) breach of that contract, and (3) damages resulting from that breach.”4 If the 

terms of a contract are clear, “it is the function of a court to enforce it as written and not to make 

a better contract for either of the parties.”5 Absent ambiguity, the intention of the parties is to be 

 

3

JX84 at Art. 8, sec. 8.1(h) (“This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance 

with the laws of the State of New Jersey.”).

4 EnviroFinance Group, LLC v. Environmental Barrier Co., LLC, 113 A.3d 775, 787 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 2015). 

5 Kampf v. Franklin Life Ins. Co., 161 A.2d 717, 720-21 (N.J. 1960). 
6

ascertained by the language of the contract.6 If the language is plain and capable of legal 

construction, the language alone must determine the agreement's force and effect.7

One of the elements that the party must prove is the other party’s breach of the contract.8 

Failure to perform a contract in accordance with its terms and conditions constitutes a breach of 

contract. It does not matter if the failure to perform was purposeful or inadvertent. 

C. MATERIAL BREACH

A breach may be material or minor. If a breach “goes to the essence of the contract,” 

then the breach is material.9 The New Jersey Supreme Court adopted Section 241 of the 

Restatement (Second) of Contracts to determine if a breach is material.10 The Court must 

consider: 

(a) the extent to which the injured party will be deprived of the benefit which he 

reasonably expected;

(b) the extent to which the injured party can be adequately compensated for the part 

of that benefit of which he will be deprived; 

(c) the extent to which the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will suffer 

forfeiture; 

(d) the likelihood that the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will cure 

his failure, taking account of all the circumstances including any reasonably 

assurances; and 

(e) the extent to which the behavior of the party failing to perform or to offer to 

perform comports with standards of good faith and fair dealing.11

 

6 Dontzin v. Myer, 694 A.2d 264, 267 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1997).

7 Royal Ins. Co. v. Rutgers Casualty Ins. Co., 638 A.2d 924, 927 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1994).

8 Taken from New Jersey Model Jury Charge (Civil) 4.10 “Bilateral Contracts” (May 1998); New Jersey Model Jury 

Charge (Civil) 4.10 L “Claims of Breach” (May 1998).

9 Roach v. BM Motoring, LLC, 155 A.3d 985, 991 (N.J. 2017) (citing Ross Sys. v. Linden Dari-Delite, Inc., 173 A.2d 

258 (N.J. 1961)). 

10 Id. at 991-92.

11 Id. (quoting Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 237 (1981)).
7

Whether conduct is a breach of contract or a material breach of contract is ordinarily a 

question for the trier of fact.12

If a party materially breaches the contract, the other party may treat the contract as void 

or proceed on the contract.13 If the non-breaching party continues to perform on the contract, 

then the contract remains valid.14 The non-breaching party’s indication that it intends “to 

perform will operate as a conclusive choice, not in deed depriving him of a right of action for the 

breach which has already taken place, but depriving him of any excuse for ceasing performance 

on his own part.”15

D. MODIFICATION OF A CONTRACT

Parties can show modifications to contracts through explicit agreements to modify or 

actions and conduct of the parties, but “the intention to modify [must be] mutual and clear.”

16

 

“Ambiguous course of dealing from which one party might reasonably infer that the original 

contract was still in force, and the other that it had been changed, will not support 

modification.”17 Further, modification of a contract requires new or additional consideration.18

E. IMPLIED COVENANT OF GOOD FAITH AND FAIR DEALING19

In addition to the express terms of a contract, the law provides that every contract 

contains an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. This means that, even though not 

specifically stated in the contract, it is implied or understood that each party to the contract must 

 

12 Magnet Resources, Inc. v. Summit MRI, Inc., 723 A.2d 976, 982 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1998). 

13 Merchants Indem. Corp. v. Eggleston, 179 A.2d 505, 513 (N.J. 1962). 

14 Id; see also Frank Stamato & Co. v. Borough of Lodi, 71 A.2d 336, 339 (N.J. 1950). 

15 Twin Crest Group v. Del. Valley Urology, LLC, 2013 WL 6508241, at *8 (D.N.J. Dec. 12, 2013) (quoting Frank 

Stamato, 71 A.2d at 339). 

16 County of Morris v. Fauver, 707 A.2d 958, 967 (N.J.1998). 

17 Id. (quoting 17A C.J.S. Contracts § 375 (1963)) (international quotations omitted). 

18 Segal v. Lynch, 48 A.3d 328, 342 (N.J. 2012) (citing County Of Morris, 707 A.2d at 967). 

19 Taken from New Jersey Model Jury Charge (Civil) 4.10 “Bilateral Contracts” (February 2011); New Jersey 

Model Jury Charge (Civil) 4.10 J “Implied Terms—Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing” (February 2011). 
8

act in good faith and deal fairly with the other party in performing or enforcing the terms of the 

contract.20

To act in good faith and deal fairly, a party must act in a way that is honest and faithful to 

the agreed purposes of the contract and consistent with the reasonable expectations of the parties. 

A party must not act in bad faith, dishonestly, or with improper motive to destroy or injure the 

right of the other party to receive the benefits or reasonable expectations of the contract. 

There can be no breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing unless the 

parties have a contract.21 Additionally, the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing may 

not override an expressly granted right under the contract.22 

In order for there to be a breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing in 

this case, a party must demonstrate that the other contracting party, with no legitimate purpose: 

1) acted with bad motives or intentions or engaged in deception or evasion in the performance of 

contract; and 2) by such conduct, denied the party of the bargain initially intended by the 

parties.23 In considering what constitutes bad faith, a number of factors can be considered, 

including the expectations of the parties and the purposes for which the contract was made. The 

fact finder should also consider the level of sophistication between the parties, whether the 

 

20 See Sons of Thunder, Inc. v. Borden, Inc., 690 A.2d 575 (N.J. 1997); Pickett v. Lloyd’s, 131 N.J. 457, 467 (N.J. 

1993); Onderdonk v. Presbyterian Homes, 425 A.2d 1057, 1062 (N.J. 1981); Bak-A-Lum Corp. v. Alcoa Bldg. Prods. 

Inc., 351 A.2d 349, 352-53 (N.J. 1976); Ass’n Group Life, Inc. v. Catholic War Veterans, 293 A.2d 382, 383 (N.J. 

1972); Palisades Properties, Inc. v. Brunetti, 207 A.2d 522, 531 (N.J. 1965).

21 Wade v. Kessler Institute, 798 A.2d 1251, 1262 (N.J. 2002) (expressly emphasizing there can be no breach of the 

implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing in the absence of a contract).

22 Id.

23 See Brunswick Hills Racquet Club, Inc. v. Route 18 Shopping Center Assoc., 864 A.2d 387, 396 (N.J. 2005) 

(clarifying the proof standards for a breach of good faith and fair dealing claim stating that: (i) “Proof of ‘bad motive 

or intention’ is vital to an action for breach of the covenant....;” (ii) the party claiming a breach “must provide 

evidence sufficient to support a conclusion that the party alleged to have acted in bad faith has engaged in some 

conduct that denied the benefit of the bargain originally intended by the parties.”).
9

parties had equal or unequal bargaining power, and whether the party’s act involved the exercise 

of discretion.

The fact finder must keep in mind, however, that bad faith is not established by simply 

showing that a party’s motive for the actions did not consider the best interests of the other party. 

New Jersey contract law does not require parties to behave thoughtfully, charitably or unselfishly 

toward each other.24

In order for a party to prevail on a breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair 

dealing, the fact finder must specifically find that bad faith motivated a party’s actions. A party 

who acts in good faith on an honest, but mistaken, belief that the actions were justified has not 

breached the covenant of good faith and fair dealing.25

F. LEGAL STANDARD FOR GUARANTEES

When resolving questions as to the interpretation of contracts of guarantee, New Jersey 

courts look to the rules governing construction of contracts generally.26 The terms of a guarantee 

agreement must be read in light of commercial reality and in accordance with the reasonable 

expectations of persons in the business community involved in transactions of the type 

involved.27

G. GENERAL DAMAGES – BREACH OF CONTRACT28

A plaintiff who is awarded a verdict for breach of contract is entitled to compensatory 

damages for such losses as may fairly be considered to have arisen naturally from the 

 

24 Wilson v. Amerada Hess Corp., 773 A.2d 1121, 1130 (N.J. 2001).

25 Silvestri v. Optus Software, Inc., 814 A.2d 602 (N.J. 2003).

26 Center 48 Ltd. P’ship v. May Dept. Stores Co., 810 A.2d 610, 618-19 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 2002) (citing 

Garfield Trust Co. v. Teichmann, 95 A.2d 18, 21-22 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1953)).

27 Center 48 Ltd. P’ship, 810 A.2d at 819 (citing Mt. Holly State Bank v. Mt. Holly Washington Hotel, Inc., 532 A.2d 

1125, 1127-28 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1987)).

28 Taken from New Jersey Modern Jury Charge (Civil) 8.45 (December 2014); see also Donovan v. Bachstadt, 453 

A.2d 160 (N.J. 1982); 525 Main Street Corp. v. Eagle Roofing Co., 168 A.2d 33 (N.J. 1961); Coyle v. Englander’s, 

488 A.2d 1083 (N.J. Super. App. Div. 1985).
10

defendant’s breach of contract. Alternatively, a party may be entitled to such damages as may 

reasonably be supposed to have been contemplated by both parties, at the time they made the 

contract, as the probable result of the breach of such contract. 

Compensatory damages for breach of contract are designed under the law to place the 

injured party in as good a monetary position as he/she would have enjoyed if the contract had 

been performed as promised. What that position is depends upon what the parties reasonably 

expected at the time they made the contract. A party is not liable for a loss that the parties did 

not have reason to foresee as a probable result of any breach. While the loss must be a 

reasonably certain consequence of the breach, the exact amount of the loss need not be certain.

H. BURDEN OF PROOF BY A PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE29

In a civil case, the burden of proof is by a preponderance of the evidence. Proof by a 

preponderance of the evidence means proof that something is more likely than not. It means that 

certain evidence, when compared to the evidence opposed to it, has the more convincing force 

and makes the Court believe that something is more likely true than not. Preponderance of the 

evidence does not depend on the number of witnesses. If the evidence on any particular point is 

evenly balanced, the party having the burden of proof has not proved that point by a 

preponderance of the evidence, and the Court must find against the party on that point.

In deciding whether any fact has been proved by a preponderance of the evidence, the 

Court may consider the testimony of all witnesses regardless of who called them, and all exhibits 

received into evidence regardless of who produced them.

In this particular case: (i) MRPC must prove all the elements of Count II for Breach of 

Contract and Count III for Breach of the Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing by a 

 

29 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 4.1.
11

preponderance of the evidence; and (ii) Crown must prove all the elements of the Counterclaims 

by a preponderance of the evidence.30 

I. EVIDENCE—DIRECT OR CIRCUMSTANTIAL31

Generally speaking, there are two types of evidence from which a jury may properly find 

the facts. One is direct evidence—such as the testimony of an eyewitness. The other is indirect 

or circumstantial evidence—circumstances pointing to certain facts.

As a general rule, the law makes no distinction between direct and circumstantial 

evidence, but simply requires that the Court find the facts from all the evidence in the case: both 

direct and circumstantial.

J. EVIDENCE EQUALLY BALANCED32

If the evidence tends equally to suggest two inconsistent views, neither has been 

established. That is, where the evidence shows that one or two things may have caused the event 

(e.g., a material breach): one for which MRPC was responsible and one for which Crown was 

not. The Court cannot find for MRPC if it is just as likely that the event was caused by one thing 

as by the other.

In other words, if the Court finds that the evidence suggests, on the one hand, that Crown 

committed a breach, but on the other hand, that Crown did not commit a breach, then the Court 

must not speculate about the suggested causes of MRPC’s injury; in that circumstance the Court 

must find for Crown.

33

 

30 See, e.g., Reynolds v. Reynolds, 237 A.2d 708, 711 (Del. 1967)(defining preponderance of the evidence); Oberly 

v. Howard Hughes Medical Inst., 472 A.2d 366, 390 (Del. Ch. 1984)(same).

31 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 23.1.

32 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 4.3.

33 See, e.g., Eskridge v. Voshell, 593 A.2d 589 (table), 1991 WL 78471, *3 (Del. 1991).
12

K. MULTIPLE PARTIES34

The Court notes that there are several parties in this case with claims and counterclaims. 

Some may be liable while others are not. The Court will engage in a fair consideration of all of 

the parties’ arguments and defenses. If the Court finds against one party, that shouldn't affect the 

Court’s consideration of other parties.

35

L. CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES—WEIGHING CONFLICTING TESTIMONY36

Here, the Court is the sole judge of each witness's credibility. That includes the parties. 

The Court considers each witness' means of knowledge; strength of memory; opportunity to 

observe; how reasonable or unreasonable the testimony is; whether it is consistent or 

inconsistent; whether it has been contradicted; the witnesses' biases, prejudices, or interests; the 

witnesses' manner or demeanor on the witness stand; and all circumstances that, according to the 

evidence, could affect the credibility of the testimony.

If the Court finds the testimony to be contradictory, the Court may try to reconcile it, if 

reasonably possible, so as to make one harmonious story of it all. But if the Court cannot do this, 

then it is the Court’s duty and privilege to believe the testimony that, in the Court’s judgment, is 

most believable and disregard any testimony that, in the Court’s judgment, is not believable.

M. PRIOR SWORN STATEMENTS37

If the Court finds that a witness made an earlier sworn statement that conflicts with 

witness’s trial testimony, the Court may consider that contradiction in deciding how much of the 

trial testimony, if any, to believe. The Court may consider whether the witness purposely made a 

false statement or whether it was an innocent mistake; whether the inconsistency concerns an

 

34 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 5.5.

35 See Travelers Ins. Co. v. Magic Chef, Inc., 483 A.2d 1115 (Del. Super. 1984)

36 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 23.9.

37 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 23.2.
13

important fact or a small detail; whether the witness had an explanation for the inconsistency; 

and whether that explanation made sense to the Court.

The Court’s duty is to decide, based on all the evidence and the Court’s own good 

judgment, whether the earlier statement was inconsistent; and if so, how much weight to give to 

the inconsistent statement in deciding whether to believe the earlier statement or the witness’s 

trial testimony.

N. PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT BY WITNESS38

A witness may be discredited by evidence contradicting what that witness said, or by 

evidence that at some other time the witness has said or done something, or has failed to say or 

do something, that is inconsistent with the witness's present testimony.

The Court, as the fact finder, will determine whether a witness has been discredited, and 

if so, to give the testimony of that witness whatever weight that the Court think it deserves.

O. EXPERT TESTIMONY39

The parties presented expert witnesses during the course of the Trial. Expert testimony is 

testimony from a person who has a special skill or knowledge in some science, profession, or 

business. This skill or knowledge is not common to the average person but has been acquired 

by the expert through special study or experience.

In weighing expert testimony, the Court may consider the expert's qualifications, the 

reasons for the expert's opinions, and the reliability of the information supporting the expert's 

opinions, as well as the factors previously mentioned for weighing the testimony of any other 

witness. Expert testimony should receive whatever weight and credit the Court thinks 

appropriate, given all the other evidence in the case.

 

38 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 23.3

39 Taken from Superior Court Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 23.10.
14

IV. DISCUSSION

The Court heard from a number of witnesses—both fact and expert. Before detailing the 

findings of fact and conclusions of law, the Court is going to address the credibility and 

effectiveness of the witnesses. 

A. CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES

Here, the Court is the sole judge of each witness's credibility, including the parties. The 

Court finds that—based on their testimony at the Trial, their manner or demeanor on the witness 

stand, and all circumstances that, according to the evidence, could affect the credibility of the 

testimony—Mr. P. Patel, Mr. Deignan, Mr. Kneip and Mr. Mirandi were very credible witnesses. 

The Court noted that Mr. P. Patel, Mr. Deignan, Mr. Kneip and Mr. Mirandi were responsive to 

the questions asked even when the question was difficult and may have solicited information that 

did not support the position espoused by the party they supported. The Court also finds that Mr. 

Kneip, Mr. Deignan and Mr. Mirandi provided testimony that was helpful to the Court on the 

issues to be decided in this civil action. 

The Court did not find the testimony of Mr. C. Patel to be overly credible or helpful. Mr. 

C. Patel was not always responsive to the questions asked by the lawyers or the Court. In fact, 

the Court cautioned Mr. C. Patel during the Trial that he needed to respond the questions that 

were asked. Moreover, some of the testimony of Mr. C. Patel seemed contrary to the evidence 

adduced at the Trial and the plain language of controlling documents. Mr. C. Patel’s testimony 

surrounding the use of the $1,500,000 cash collateral held in an account at Crown on or about 

December 8, 2014 is just one example of why the Court finds Mr. Patel not to be a credible 

witness. JX649; TT:8/2, 51:13-84:10; TT:8/3 147:10-149:15. 
15

The Court finds that some of the testimony of Mr. Rodrigues was credible and/or helpful. 

Mr. Rodrigues was not as responsive as he could be and that made it difficult to follow some of 

his responses. To the Court, Mr. Rodrigues seemed to be “trying to hard” to present the position 

of Crown as opposed to responding to the question. Because of this, the Court discounted some 

of Mr. Rodrigues’ testimony.

Mr. C. Patel and Mr. Rodrigues were the representatives at trial of MRPC and Crown 

respectively. As such, Mr. C. Patel and Mr. Rodrigues have a strong interest in the outcome of 

this civil action, i.e., bias. This showed through unreasonable testimony, inconsistency of 

testimony, convenient memory failure and their demeanor on the stand. 

The Court finds the remaining witnesses—Mr. Lesser, Mr. Friedrich, Mr. Burgess, Ms.

Lane, Mr. Feldman, Mr. Santora, Mr. Casey and Mr. Madigan—to be credible witnesses.

B. FINDINGS OF FACT

1. The Parties

MRPC is a Delaware limited liability company, maintaining its principal place of 

business at 56 S. Old Baltimore Pike, Newark, Delaware. JX726 at 3, Ans. No. 3. MPRC is the 

owner of the primary collateral in this litigation—the Hotel. 

MRPC made a decision to expand and re-flag the Hotel as a Sheraton Four Points Hotel 

“towards the end of 2010, beginning of 2011.” TT:8/1, 27:9-28:1. Sheraton Four Points is part 

of the Starwood Hotel conglomerate. TT:8/1, 25:16-18.

Crown is a New Jersey chartered bank. Crown’s principal place of business is located at 

27 Prince Street, Elizabeth Union County, New Jersey, 07276. JX84.

Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel are husband and wife residing at of 181 Thompson Drive, 

Hockessin, Delaware. JX726 at 3-4, Ans. Nos. 9, 10. Mr. C. Patel is an individual residing at 
16

the same address. Mr. C. Patel is the manager of MRPC. TT:8/1, 23:23-24:7; 26:14-23. The 

residence of Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel (the “Patel Residence”) is secondary collateral for the 

Loan. TT:8/1, 76:11-77:5. 

The Trust is a Delaware trust formed with an address location of 181 Thompson Drive, 

Hockessin, Delaware. Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel are the grantors and beneficiaries of the 

Trust. JX726 at 3, Ans. No. 5. The Trust is a member of MRPC. TT:8/1, 74:2-12. Mr. C. Patel 

is the sole trustee of the Trust. TT:8/1, 30:5-8.

Krishnas is a Delaware limited liability company with a business address of 1024 

Churchmans Road in Newark, Delaware. Krishnas owns and operates the Country Inn and 

Suites located at 1024 Old Churchmans Road, Newark DE, 19713 (“The Country Inn Hotel”). 

JX726 at 3, Ans. No. 6; TT:8/2, 160:19-161:2. The Country Inn Hotel is also collateral for the 

Loan. TT:8/1, 76:11-77:5. Mr. C. Patel is Krishnas’ manager. JX94 at 4. 

BWI is a Maryland limited liability company with a Delaware address location of 181 

Thompson Drive, Hockessin, Delaware. JX726 at 3, Ans. No. 7. Mr. P. Patel is BWI’s 

managing member. JX100 at 4. On December 19, 2012, BWI owned an undeveloped parcel of 

land located at 1200 Old Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum, Maryland (the “Maryland Parcel”). 

TT:8/2, 175:9-17. Crown already foreclosed on the Maryland Parcel. TT:8/2, 154:9-155:5.

Ganesa is a Delaware limited liability company with an address location of 181 

Thompson Drive, Hockessin, Delaware. JX726 at 3, Ans. No. 8. Ganesa owns an undeveloped 

parcel of land located at 630 South Pennsville Auburn Road, Carneys Point, Salem County, New 

Jersey (the “New Jersey Parcel”). TT:8/2, 163:21-164:4. Mr. C. Patel is Ganesa’s manager. 

JX109 at 4. 
17

2. The Hotel and Decision to Renovate and Reflag

In 1991, Mr. P. Patel purchased the unimproved real property located at 56 S. Old 

Baltimore Pike, Newark, Delaware (the “Property”). TT: 8/1, 22:19-22. In 1996-97, Mr. P. 

Patel developed the Property into a 65-unit Comfort Suites hotel, defined here as the Hotel. Id. 

at 100:13-14. In the years that followed, Mr. P. Patel’s son, Mr. C. Patel, worked at the Hotel in 

virtually every facet of its business operations. Id. at 114:18-19; 145: 14-16; 23:13-22. 

In 2011, MRPC closed the Hotel so that it could be renovated and reflagged. JX779 at 3; 

TT: 8/1, 65:7-9. At about the same time, Mr. C. Patel, on behalf of MRPC, engaged DelVal 

Financial Business Corp. (“DelVal”) for the purpose of originating, underwriting, processing, 

and servicing the SBA component of the financing needed for rebranding and renovating the 

Property. TT: 8/1, 46:14-21; 8/1 104:6-8; 8/1 118:3-14. 

MRPC weighed two renovation and rebranding scenarios. One option was to renovate 

the existing 65-room hotel and rebrand it as La Quinta Inn and Suites (“La Quinta”), which 

would require $400,000 of financing. TT: 8/1, 31:9-32:3; 8/1 46:17-21. MRPC had lined-up 

funds to refinance existing debt for the La Quinta option through Evolve Bank and Trust. 8/1 

44:5-15; 102:7-10; JX779 at 134. The second option was to renovate, expand, and rebrand the 

Hotel as a Four Points by Sheraton, which entailed adding three floors to the Property. 

In 2012, MRPC commissioned a report from HVS, a hotel consulting firm, to evaluate 

both renovation options. TT: 10/21, 97:12; JX6; JX779. MRPC ultimately decided to move 

forward with the Four Points option (the “Project”). TT: 8/1, 33:1-20. MRPC negotiated the 

PIP, procured new furniture, fixtures and equipment (“FF&E”) and obtained the necessary 

building permit for the Project from New Castle County. JX073.
18

MRPC sought out a lending source for the additional financing needed to complete the 

Project. In or around early March of 2012, a financing agent, CLC Lending, introduced MRPC 

to Crown. TT: 8/1, 47:16-23. The parties entered into a Letter of Intent on or about March 5, 

2012, which required that MRPC pay Crown a fee of approximately $20,000. TT: 8/1 49:2-4; 

JX785.

3. The Loan Commitment, as Modified

MRPC and Crown entered into a loan commitment letter dated May 31, 2012 (the “Loan 

Commitment”), outlining the terms and conditions of Crown’s commitment to lend nearly $13 

million to MRPC through a construction loan and a bridge loan. JX23. Senior Vice President 

and SBA Director, Mr. Kneip, signed the Loan Commitment for Crown, and Mr. C. Patel signed 

the document for MRPC. JX23. MRPC paid Crown $95,082.00 to obtain the Loan 

Commitment. JX23. 

The Loan Commitment, among other things, provides: 

 the term of the Loan was to be 12 months from closing (p. 2); 

 a list of “Collateral Security” (p. 3-4); 

 an entity entitled Tetra Tec was to provide a performance Bond, complete a 

plan and cost review to determine acceptability prior to closing and conduct site 

inspections and review all draw requests. Crown was to review and approve 

the plan and cost review prior to closing. (p. 4);

 Crown Bank would not make the Loan with the SBA 504 Lender issuing a

commitment to refinance the Bridge Loan (p. 6).

Exhibit A to the Loan Commitment provides for the use of the Loan proceeds (the 

“Sources and Uses”). The Sources and Uses were reviewed and approved by Crown, MRPC and 

DelVal before the Loan closed. JX23; JX82. Mr. Kneip presented the Sources and Uses to 

Crown’s Board Loan Committee (“BLC”), which approved them without modification. JX22 at 
19

4. The Sources and Uses were also provided to HVS, who used them in determining the 

feasibility and expected profit of the Project. JX779 at 39. 

Exhibit E to the Loan Commitment is entitled “Construction Addendum.” JX23 at 

Exhibit E. The Construction Addendum provides a lengthy list of “Required documentation for 

construction disbursement.” JX23 at 1-2. Exhibit E also provides that:

Disbursements will occur within five business days of the receipt of a satisfactory 

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER. Retainage of 10% for each advance will be 

withheld. This retainage will be released when the construction management 

company signs off on the project, the borrower accepts the project, final lien 

waivers have been received and the permanent certificate of occupancy has been 

issued and confirmed. 

JX23 at 2. While Tetra Tec is mentioned in the Loan Commitment, Tetra Tec is not defined 

as or designated as the “Construction Manager” anywhere in the Loan Commitment.

The Court finds that the evidence at Trial indicates that, with respect to the Loan, the 

“CONSTRUCTION MANAGER” means a process beginning with Mr. Mirandi’s inspection 

report as submitted to and reviewed by Crown, see, e.g., JX212 and JX221, and JX228 and 

JX237, and ending in a Construction Loan Advance Authorization Sheet. See, e.g., JX301 

(prepared by Vanessa Fernandes, verified by Ms. Ross, signed by Mr. Kniep and officer 

approved by John Young). The Court does not find that Mr. Rodrigues explanation was very 

credible on this point. Instead, the Court finds the wording of Exhibit “E” and testimony from 

Ms. Lane and Mr. Kneip demonstrates that more than Mr. Mirandi’s site inspection would be 

necessary for disbursement. JX23 at 18-19. For example, the CONSTRUCTION MANAGER 

includes “review of retainage status,” “verify disbursement math,” “review...lien waivers.” 

JX23 at 18-19.

The Court, as fact finder, used the word “indicates” because the Court does not believe 

either party fully demonstrated or proved by a preponderance of the evidence what was meant by 
20

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER. Crown drafted the term and the ambiguity rests with Crown. 

In any event, the evidence adduced at the Trial provides that Crown did not always make a 

disbursement within five (5) business days after: (i) Mr. Mirandi submitted an inspection report; 

or (ii) Construction Loan Advance Authorization Sheet had been executed by all necessary 

parties.

The parities modified the Loan Commitment after May 31, 2012. On August 9, 2012, the 

parties modified the Loan Commitment to extend the expiration date to November 30, 2012. 

JX47. In addition, the parties modified the Loan Commitment on December 9, 2012 to extend 

the expiration date to December 31, 2012 (the “December LC Modification”). JX72. 

The December LC Modification required that Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel put up their 

personal residence as collateral for the Loan. TT: 1/6, 148:12-19; JX47; JXE 72. The December 

LC Modification also removed Tetra Tec. JX47. The December LC Modification, in part, 

provides:

Tetra Tec was originally approved to complete a plan and cost review, review draw 

requests and perform site inspections, and to provide a performance bond. The 

Bank will engage its own construction consultant and Tetra Tec will not be used. 

The Borrower also obtained a performance bond separately, which must be 

approved by the Bank prior to closing. The hard cost budget will be adjusted and 

$50,000 will be funded from the hard cost contingency line item to cover the 

$59,000 bond cost and $11,000 budget and draw request review fee being charged. 

JX47; JX72.

MRPC was to obtain the performance bond. JX72 at 2; JX182 at Attachment C 

(letter from Liberty Mutual Surety). Crown was to fund $50,000. Crown funded the 

$50,000 for the performance bond at closing but it is unclear whether MRPC ever used 

that money to obtain a performance bond or used the funds elsewhere. JX437.
21

On or about December 10, 2012, Crown and the various borrowers and guarantors 

executed the December LC Modification.

Crown employed Mr. Mirandi as its construction consultant. Mr. Mirandi was a parttime employee. JX72. Mr. Mirandi worked in construction his entire life, ascending from 

laborer to owning and managing engineering firms and construction companies. TT:9/23, 56:19-

60:17. Mr. Mirandi retired from his construction business in 2001 but continued working as a 

consultant to various architects and engineers. TT:9/22, 133:14-21. Mr. Mirandi also began 

serving as an advisor or consultant to fellow professionals, including engineering firms. 

TT:9/22, 133:10-21. Mr. Mirandi was familiar with the inspection process for commercial 

construction projects through his experience working through companies he owned or co-owned. 

TT:9/23, 60:18-61:10. Mr. Mirandi had experience conducting inspections for architectural 

firms and engineering firms, including those certified on AIA documents. TT:9/23, 61:12-62:12. 

Mr. Mirandi’s responsibility pertained to performing construction inspections and 

preparing reports relating to construction draw requests for Crown. TT:9/22, 140:14-141:2. 

With respect to the draw practice, Crown would notify Mr. Mirandi by telephone that an MRPC 

draw application was ready for review. TT: 9/22, 149. Next, Mr. Mirandi would usually pick-up 

a hard copy of the MRPC draw application at Crown’s headquarters. TT:9/22, 149. Mr. Mirandi 

would visit the Project and undertake the inspection. Mr. Mirandi would return to Crown’s 

office to hand-deliver his inspection reports, typically at least a few days after he completed and 

signed his inspection report. TT: 9/22, 166: 20-23; 9/22, TT:9/22, 176: 1-2. Mr. Mirandi had no 

supervisor, TT: 9/22, 143, and was given no deadlines for scheduling a site inspection or 

completing his inspection reports for an MRPC draw request. TT:9/22, 152:1-17 Mr. Mirandi 
22

testified that he was to submit a completed inspection report within a “reasonable time,” which to 

him, meant whenever he was done with it. TT: 9/23, 19 :48. 

Mr. Mirandi did not have the authority to approve change orders on behalf of Crown. 

TT:9/22, 196:19-22. The Plaintiffs went to great lengths at the Trial and in the post-Trial briefs 

to denigrate and discount Mr. Mirandi and his testimony at the Trial. Despite these efforts, the 

Court found Mr. Mirandi’s testimony during the Trial on his inspection reports and the amount to 

be approved for disbursement to be credible and helpful. This is especially true when contrasted 

with Mr. C. Patel’s testimony on the same issues. 

4. The Agreement

On December 19, 2012, Crown and MRPC executed and entered into a Construction 

Loan Agreement (the “Agreement”) in the original principal amount of up to Twelve Million, 

Nine Hundred Eighty-Eight Thousand ($12,988,000.00) and 00/100 Dollars (the “Loan”). JX84. 

MRPC was to use the proceeds from the Loan for the acquisition of the Hotel, with its then 

existing 65 room hotel, from an entity affiliated with or owned by Paresh and Ranjan. JX23 at 1. 

MRPC also was to use the proceeds to expand and re-flag the Hotel as a Sheraton Four Points 

Hotel. JX 23 at 1; JX84; TT:8/1, 30:9-15. 

The Agreement governs the Loan furnished by Crown to MRPC. As defined in the 

Agreement, Crown is the “Bank” and MRPC is the “Borrower.” JX84 at 1. The Agreement 

defines “Completion Date” as December 2, 2013 “unless the Borrower exercises its right to 

extend the construction period for an additional six (6) months” pursuant to the Permanent 

Note’s terms. JX84 at 1 (Art. I, sec. 1.1(d)). The “Improvements” are the planned 

improvements to be made to the Hotel. JX84 at 2 (Art. I, sec. 1.1(i)). The “Loan Documents” 

are the Commitment Letter (as modified), the Notes, the Construction Mortgage, the Mortgage, 
23

the Guarantees, the Agreement and “all other documents executed and delivered to the Bank in 

connection with the Notes.” JX84 at 2 (Art. I, sec. 1.1(l)).

The Agreement is an arms-length transaction between two business entities. JX84 at 1 

and 18. The Agreement provides that it will be “governed by and construed and interpreted in 

accordance” with New Jersey law. JX84 at 16 (Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(h)). The Agreement is a loan 

agreement and does not create a business partnership between Crown and MRPC. The 

Agreement, at Article VII, section 8.1(i), states:

It is hereby acknowledged by Bank and Borrower that the relationship between 

them created hereby and by the Loan Documents is that of creditor and debtor and 

is not intended to be and shall not in any way be construed to be that of a 

partnership, a joint venture, or principal and agent; and it is hereby further 

acknowledged that any control or supervision over the construction of the 

Improvements by Bank or disbursement of any Loan proceeds to any one other than 

Borrower shall not be deemed to make Bank a partner, joint venture, or principal 

or agent of Borrower, but rather shall be deemed to be solely for the purpose of 

protecting Bank’s security for the indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and other 

indebtedness of Borrower to Bank. 

JX84 at 16-17.

Crown must exercise good faith and act reasonably when approving, being 

satisfied or when exercising its discretion. JX84 at 15 (Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(a)).

The Agreement and its provisions cannot be changed except by an instrument in 

writing signed by both Crown and MRPC. JX84 at 16 (Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(c)). Moreover, 

the Agreement cannot be waived, discharged or terminated except through written 

instrument signed by both parties. JX84 at 16 (Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(c)).

Article II provides for the various representations and warranties of MRPC. Specifically, 

Article II, section 2.1 lists the MRPC’s representations and warranties. JX84 at 2-3 (Art. II, secs. 

2.1(a)-(h)). 
24

Article III provides for “Certain Covenants of Borrower.” JX84 at 4-6 (Art. III, secs. (a)-

x)). Article III, section (a) provides that:

Borrower has or will commence and shall hereafter diligently pursue construction 

of the Improvements, and Borrower shall complete the erection of the 

Improvements with due diligence on or before the Completion Date in compliance 

in all material respects with the Plans and this Agreement. 

JX84 at 4.

Article III, section (b) governs modifications or amendments to Plans, providing that no 

material modifications can be made without first obtaining the written approval of Crown. JX84 

at 4 (Art. III, sec. (b)).

Article III, section (n), provides the following covenant entered into by MRPC:

[b]orrower shall duly perform and observe all of the covenants, agreements and 

conditions on its part to be performed and observed hereunder and under any and 

all other agreements and instruments herein mentioned to which Borrower is a 

party, or is subject, and Borrower will not, without the prior written consent of 

Bank, surrender, terminate, cancel, rescind, supplement, alter, revise, modify or 

amend any such other agreement or instrument or permit any such other agreement 

or instrument or permit any such action to be taken. 

JX84 at 5-6. 

Through Article III, section (o), MRPC agreed that the terms and conditions of the Loan 

Commitment are incorporated into the Agreement. Moreover, MRPC agreed that in the event 

that the terms of the Loan Commitment and the Agreement conflict then the Agreement controls. 

JX84 at 6 (Art. III, sec. (o)).

Article IV of the Agreement provides the relevant obligations of both parties as to the 

funding or disbursement of the proceeds. Article IV, section 4.1 provides:

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, including, without 

limitation, the conditions set forth in Article V and VI hereof, Bank agrees to make 

disbursements to Borrower of the Loan funds up to the full amount set forth herein, 

in accordance with the Construction Cost Estimate set forth in Exhibit “C” pursuant 

to and subject to Borrowers’ compliance with the following procedures.... 
25

JX84 at 7. Article IV, section 4.1(a)-(e) goes on provide that Crown agrees to make 

disbursements of funds to MRPC so long as MRPC complies with certain procedures:

 prior to a disbursement, MRPC needs to complete, execute and deliver an 

application for an advancement (on Crown’s standard form draw request) with 

copies of all valid building permits, approvals, and bring down of title and such 

other information requested by Crown (defined as a “Draw Request”);

 if requested by Crown, the Draw Request must provide information regarding 

subcontractors to be paid through the Draw Request;

 the Draw Request must be in a form satisfactory to Crown, submitted at least 

five working days before the date when MRPC wants the funds and that there 

be no more than one Draw Request per month unless Crown elects otherwise;

 at Crown’s discretion, each Draw Request is subject to an inspection report by 

Crown’s consulting architect, engineer or representative certifying as to the 

progress of construction, the conformity of the construction to the plans, the 

quality and value of the work completed and the percentage of work completed, 

and certifying that the costs to be paid are costs set out in the trade cost 

breakdown and are costs incurred in connection with the planned construction; 

and

 special procedures for additional disbursements after initial disbursements of 

(i) $3,143,000 for purchase of the Hotel; (ii) $55,000 for eligible closing costs; 

(iii) $539,780 for eligible soft costs; and (iv) $9,250,000 for balance of 

construction and site improvements.

In addition, Crown would only be advancing 90% of any approved Draw Request with the 

remaining 10% paid upon completion as evidenced by a permanent Certificate of Occupancy. 

JX84 at 7-8 (Art. IV, sec. 4.1(f)).

Article IV goes on to govern the amount of funds to cover the construction 

($9,250,220);40 that funds will be made in accordance with Exhibit B (“Plans and 

Specifications”); how the advances can be made and credited. JX84 at 8 (Art. IV, secs. 4.4, 4.5 

 

40 Article IV, section 4.4 provides that the $9,250,220 would be broken down as follows: (i) $7,963,720 for 

construction at the Hotel; (ii) $611,500 to fund an additional cash reserve account; (iii) $50,000 to fund a 

performance bond; and (iv) $625,000 for an interest reserve demand account for the initial 12 month construction 

period to be debited monthly.
26

and 4.6). Crown goes on to reserve its rights to make disbursements without complying with 

Article IV to protect the collateral, or that any advancement of Loan proceeds does constitute a 

waiver of Crown’s rights with respect to future advances. JX84 at 8-9 (Art. IV, secs. 4.7 and 

4.8).

MRPC and/or Crown failed to attach Exhibit B to the Agreement. Testimony at Trial 

demonstrated that the Plans and Specifications for the Hotel are attached to the AIA contract 

between MRPC and BCD as Attachments “B” and “F.” JX182. Exhibit B is the Drawing List, 

dated August 17, 2012. JX182 (Art. 9, secs. 9.1.4 and 9.1.5 and Attachment B). Exhibit F is the 

Schedule of Values for the work to be done and totals $7,315,665. JX182 (Art. 4, sec. 4.1 and 

Attachment F).

Article IV, section 4.14 relates to cash collateral, a certificate of deposit, and provides as 

follows:

Certificate of Deposit: The Borrower shall fund a certain Certificate of Deposit in 

the amount of $1,500,000 at the Bank, which shall be assigned to the Bank pursuant

to the terms of that certain Security Agreement and Assignment of even date 

herewith. This Certificate of Deposit shall be released at the time the Interim Note 

is paid in full. The P&I Reserve Account as set forth in Section 4.13 shall be funded 

from this Certificate of Deposit with the balance being returned to the Borrower.

JX84 at 9. The $1,500,000 in cash collateral was provided; however, Crown put it into a money 

market account instead of Certificate of Deposit. The evidence at Trial demonstrates that MRPC 

knew that Crown held the $1,500,000 in a money market and not a Certificate of Deposit. 

JX649.

Article V sets out the conditions precedent to Crown making of the initial advancement 

of funds, and Article VI relates to subsequent conditions precedent to Crown making subsequent 

advances. In addition, Article VII governs Default and Remedy. Article VII, section 7.1 asserts,
27

in relevant parts, that the Borrower shall be in default under either of the following 

circumstances:

(a) any default or event of default shall occur under any of the other Loan 

Documents or Borrower shall breach or fail to perform, observe or meet any 

covenant or condition made in any of the other Loan Documents and such default, 

event of default, breach or failure shall not have been cured prior to the expiration 

of any applicable cure period expressly provided in any of the Loan Documents; or

(b) Borrower breaches or fails to perform, observe or meet any covenant or 

condition made in this Agreement; or

****

(n) Borrower fails to close the SBA Loan and cause the SBA Loan to be funded to 

payoff the Interim Note on or before the Maturity Date...

JX84 at 13-14. Article VII, section 7.2 states that the occurrence of any default or event of 

default constitutes a default under each of the Loan Documents. JX84 at 14. Importantly, 

Article VII, section 7.5 provides that in the occurrence of default by the Borrower, Bank:

[s]hall be entitled to enter upon and assume possession of the Premises and protect, 

maintain, construct, install, and complete the Improvements in accordance with the 

Plans and such changes thereto as Bank may, from time to time, in its sole 

discretion, deem appropriate, all at the risk, cost and expense [sic] of Borrower... 

[f]or this purpose Borrower hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints Bank its 

true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full power of substation to complete the 

Improvements in the name of Borrower and hereby empowers Bank, as said 

attorney, to take all action necessary in connection therewith...

JX84 at 14.

5. The Notes

The Loan is divided into two (2) notes—the Permanent Note and the Interim Note. The 

Permanent Note is in the principal sum of Seven Million, Six Hundred Forty Thousand and 

00/100 ($7,640,000.00) Dollars. JX85. The Interim Note is in the amount of Five Million Three 

Hundred and Forty Eight Thousand and 00/100 ($5,348,000.00) Dollars. JX134. The Interim 

Note was to be paid off upon the closing and funding of a Small Business Administration 
28

(“SBA”) loan. JX134. MRPC and Crown executed the Permanent Note and Interim Note 

(collectively, the “Notes”) on December 19, 2012. JX85 at 1; JX134 at 1. 

As developed at the Trial, the Interim Note was structured in a way so that it could be 

converted into a SBA qualified second mortgage loan (the “SBA Loan”). The SBA Loan would 

be from the Community Development Program (referenced by the parties as the “CDC”). The 

CDC is a quasi-governmental nonprofit organization. TT:9/21, 244:13-17. The CDC does 

second mortgages but not construction loans. As such, the Interim Note was a bridge loan during 

construction that would get paid off by proceeds from the SBA Loan. This would have meant 

that Crown would be the lender only on the Permanent Note. The lender on the SBA Loan was 

to be DelVal, a SBA 504 lender. TT:9/22, 93:14-94:6; TT:9/21, 247:4-8. 

The Permanent Note is in the principal sum of $7,640,000.00. JX85 at 1. Pursuant to the 

Permanent Note, the Borrower promises to pay Bank: the “principal sum of Seven Million Six 

Hundred Forty Thousand and 00/100 ($7,640,000.00) Dollars, at the per annum rate of interest as 

set forth below...” JX85 at 1. The Permanent Note makes reference to the Agreement. JX85 at 

1. The Permanent Note defines the term “Principal” as the amount actually advanced pursuant to 

the Agreement. JX85 at 1. The Permanent Note then defines “Loan” as the entire Principal and 

all accrued interest. JX85 at 1.

The Permanent Note has been executed by MRPC as the Borrower. JX85 at 5. The 

Permanent Note was also executed by the Guarantors. JX531 at 3. Specifically, Mr. C. Patel’s 

signature appears above his name as well as above that for the Trust. JX531 at 3; TT:9/23 3:13-

4:2. Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel executed the Permanent Note as well, their signatures 

appearing above their respective names, as Guarantors, for the bridge period. JX531 at 3; 

TT:9/23 4:4-6. Mr. C. Patel also executed the Permanent Note during bridge and income 
29

stabilization period on behalf of Krishnas, BWI, and Ganesa. JX531 at 3; TT:9/23 4:7-10.

With respect to MRPC’s obligation under the Permanent Note, it states that MRPC will 

pay—

[t]he Principal and unpaid interest as follows: From the date hereof until December 

2, 2013 (the “Construction Phase”): Payments during the Construction Phase on the 

Loan of interest only shall commence on February 2, 2013 and shall be due and 

payable on the second (2nd) day of each consecutive month thereafter until the end 

of the Construction Phase and upon conversion to the Permanent Phase or if the 

Extension (as hereinafter defined) is exercised, the Extended Construction Phase as 

hereinafter set forth.

At the end of the Construction Phase, subject to the Extension, and pursuant to the 

terms of the Loan Agreement on conversion to the Permanent Phase (as hereinafter 

defined): Payment over the immediately following ten (10) year period (the 

“Permanent Phase”), based on a twenty-five (25) year amortization, subject to the 

Interest rate adjustments set forth below of Principal and Interest.

JX85 at 1. 

MRPC had the option of extending the term of the Construction Phase for an additional 

six (6) month period until June 2, 2014 or until the funding of the SBA Loan (the “Extension”). 

JX85 at 1. If MRPC opted for the Extension, MRPC was to pay Crown an extension fee in an 

amount equal to 1/2% of the Loan. JX85 at 1.

The Permanent Note provides how to calculate interest during the term of the Agreement. 

The Permanent Note, at “Interest Rate,” states that interest during the Construction Term accrues 

at the per annum rate of the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 375 basis points (3.75%), with a 

minimum per annum interest rate (a floor) of seven percent (7%) per annum. JX85 at 2. Interest 

during the Permanent Term, as defined in the Permanent Note, accrues for the first five (5) years 

of the Permanent Term at the then prevailing Federal Home Loan Bank Five Year Advance Rate 

(the “NYFHLB”) plus 400 basis points (4%), or at Crown’s option, the Wall Street Journal 

Prime Rate plus 375 basis points (3.75%), with a minimum per annum interest rate (a floor) of 
30

seven percent (7%). JX85 at 2. Interest for the second five (5) years of the Permanent Term is 

fixed to the then prevailing NYFHLB rate plus 400 basis points (4%), or at Crown’s option, the 

Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 375 basis points (3.75%), with a minimum per annum 

interest rate (a floor) of seven percent (7%). JX85 at 2. 

Payments of interest only were due and payable monthly under the Permanent Note 

during the Construction Phase, commencing on February 2, 2013 and continuing on the second 

(2nd) day of each month thereafter, until the end of the Construction Phase and upon conversion 

to the Permanent Phase as defined therein, or if the Extension as defined therein is exercised, the 

Extended Construction Phase, as also defined therein. JX85 at 2. The Permanent Note provides 

that in the event any payment is not made thereunder within 10 days of the date it is due, then a 

late charge of five percent (5%) of the overdue payment shall also be due and payable to Bank. 

JX85 at 1.

Under the “Prepayment” section, the Permanent Note also provides for a two percent 

(2%) prepayment premium in the event the Loan does not convert to the Permanent Term Loan 

after the Construction Phase, subject to the Extension. JX85 at 2. Moreover, the Permanent 

Note also sets forth a provision governing collateral, with states, in pertinent part:

[t]he indebtedness evidenced by this Note and the obligations created hereby are 

secured, inter alia, by that certain first lien Mortgage, Security Agreement and 

Fixture Filing (Construction) dated even date herewith (hereinafter referred to as 

the “Mortgage”), between the Borrower, as “Mortgagor”, and Bank, as 

“Mortgagee”, encumbering and mortgaging the Borrower’s right, title and interest 

in properties lying and being in the City of Newark, County of New Castle and 

State of Delaware located at 56 South Old Baltimore Pike ... as the same is more 

particularly described in the Mortgage (hereinafter referred to as the “Premises”), 

an Assignment of Leases and Rents on the Premises, all property fixed or to be 

affixed on the Premises, and all business assets of the Borrower; as security for the 

performance by the Borrower of its obligations hereunder.

JX85 at 3. 
31

The “Event of Default” section of the Permanent Note provides that it shall constitute a 

default, if any payment is not made when due thereunder or under any of the Loan Documents as 

defined in the Agreement, which includes the Permanent Note, or if MRPC fails to comply with 

any of its covenants, conditions or undertakings contained in the Agreement. JX85 at 3.

With respect to costs of collection, under the section titled “Event of Default”, the 

Permanent Note mandates that MRPC “shall pay the cost of collection of any and all sums due 

and owing hereunder and not paid, including without limitation court costs and reasonable 

attorney’s fees in connection with the collection of any such sums.” JX85 at 3. The Permanent 

Note also provides that the “failure to satisfy the post closing requirements of the Loan 

Agreement, shall, at the sole discretion of Bank, be an event of default.” JX85 at 3.

Upon a default under the Permanent Note, interest is increased thereunder by five percent 

(5%) per annum. JX85 at 3. In addition, Crown is entitled to be reimbursed for its attorneys’ 

fees and costs it incurred in collecting the Loan upon a default of the Permanent Note. JX85 at 

3.

The Interim Note is in the amount of $5,348,000.00. JX134 at 1. The Interim Note has 

been executed by MRPC. JX595 at 2; TT:10/21, 53:16-54:5. The Interim Note has also been 

executed by the Guarantors. JX595 at 3. Mr. P. Patel executed the Permanent Note as well, his 

signatures appearing above his respective names, as Guarantor, for the bridge period. JX595 at

3; TT:10/21, 54:6-11. Mr. C. Patel also executed the Permanent Note during bridge and income 

stabilization period on behalf of Krishnas, BWI, and Ganesa. JX595 at 3; TT:10/21, 53:16-54:5.

The Interim Note states that MRPC shall pay the Principal as follows:

[p]ayments on the Loan of interest only shall commence on February 2, 2013 and 

shall be due and payable on the second (2nd) day of each consecutive month 

thereafter until the Maturity Date (as hereinafter defined), or if the Extension is 

exercised, the Extended Maturity Date, as hereinafter set forth. The entire unpaid 
32

principal balance and all accrued and unpaid interest outstanding shall be due and 

payable upon the funding of SBA Loan #55286950-00, approved October 31, 2012, 

and in no event at a date later than December 2, 2013 (the “Maturity Date”), subject 

to the Extension (as hereinafter defined). Interest will be calculated on the amount 

of the Principal that is outstanding. 

JX134 at 1. MRPC’s obligations under the Interim Note are: 

[t]he Borrower shall have the option to extend the term of the Maturity Date for an 

additional six (6) month period (the “Extension”), until June 2, 2014 (the “Extended 

Maturity Date”) provided that (i) the Borrower exercises its right to extend by 

providing the Bank with written notice of its intention to extend on or before thirty 

(30) days prior to the Maturity date; (ii) no event which is or, with the passage of 

time or giving of notice or both, could become an Event of Default, shall have 

occurred or be continuing; and (iii) the Borrower shall have paid to the Bank an 

extension fee in an amount equal to 1⁄2% of the Principal balance at the Maturity 

Date.

JX134 at 1.

The Interim Note, in the section titled “Interest Rate”, provides how to calculate interest. 

Interest accrues under the Interim Note at the per annum rate of the Wall Street Journal Prime 

Rate plus 375 basis points (3.75%), with a minimum per annum interest rate (a floor) of seven 

percent (7%). JX134 at 1. Payments of interest only were due and payable monthly under the 

Interim Note commencing on February 2, 2013, and continuing on the second (2nd) day of each 

month thereafter until December 2, 2013, or if the Extension is exercised, on or before June 2, 

2014. JX134 at 1. Further, the Interim Note provides that in the event any payment is not made 

thereunder within ten (10) days of the date it is due, then a late charge of five percent (5%) of the 

overdue payment shall also be due and payable to Crown. JX134 at 1.

The Event of Default section provides that MRPC shall be in default, if, among other 

things, it fails to: (1) make payment in accordance to the plain terms and conditions, as set forth 

above; (2) close the SBA Loan; (3) comply with any of its covenants, conditions or undertakings 
33

contained in the Agreement; or (4) enters into default under any other of the Loan Documents, 

which includes the Permanent Note. JX134 at 2. 

Similar to the Permanent Note, with respect to costs of collection, the Interim Note 

mandates that the MRPC “shall pay the cost of collection of any and all sums due and owing 

hereunder and not paid, including without limitation court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees in 

connection with the collection of any such sums.” JX134 at 2. The Interim Note also provides 

that the “failure to satisfy the post closing requirements of the Agreement, shall, at the sole 

discretion of the Bank, be an event of default.” JX134 at 2. Notably, upon default under the 

Interim Note, interest is increased thereunder by five percent (5%) per annum. JX134 at 2. 

6. The Security Agreement

On December 19, 2012, MRPC executed a Security Agreement (the “Security 

Agreement”) in favor of Crown as part of the consideration for the loan under the Permanent 

Note. JX89. MRPC is defined as the “Debtor” or “Borrower” in the Security Agreement and 

Crown is defined as the “Lender.” Under Section 1.2(c) of the Security Agreement, MRPC 

granted Crown, the Lender, a security interest in a first lien on and pledge and assignment of the 

“Collateral,” as defined as MRPC’s:

[f]uture right, title, and interest in and to any and all of the personal property of 

Debtor whether such property is now existing or hereafter created, acquired or 

arising and whatever located from time to time, including without limitation: (i) 

accounts; (ii) chattel paper; (iii) goods; (iv) inventory; (v) equipment; (vi) fixtures; 

(vii) farm products; (viii) instruments; (ix) investment property; (x) documents; 

(xi) commercial tort claims; (xii) deposit accounts; (xiii) letter-of-credit rights; 

(xiv) general intangibles; (xv) supporting obligations; and (xvi) proceeds and 

products of the foregoing. 

JX89 at 1-2. Section 3.1 of the Security Agreement, governing payments and performance, 

states that MRPC covenanted to “duly and punctually pay all Obligations becoming due under 
34

the Note and Loan Documents and ... duly and punctually perform all Obligations on its part to 

be done or performed under this Agreement, the Note, and the Loan Documents.” JX89 at 5.

Section 4 of the Security Agreement governs default. The governing provision under

subsection 1 defines an “Event of Default” as follows:

(a) default of any liability, obligation, covenant or undertaking of the Debtor to the 

Lender, hereunder, under the Note, the Loan Documents or any other loan 

documents, including, without limitation, failure to pay in full and when due any 

installment of principal or interest or default of the Debtor under any other Loan 

Document or any other agreement of Debtor or Debtor with the Lender;...

(c) default of any material liability obligation or undertaking of the Debtor to any 

other Person, continuing for 10 days.

JX89 at 6-7. Section 4.2 provides for an acceleration clause:

[i]f an Event of Default shall occur, which continues beyond any notice and cure 

periods, if any, at the election of the Lender, all Obligations shall become 

immediately due and payable without notice or demand, except with respect to 

Obligations payable on DEMAND, which shall be due and payable on DEMAND, 

whether or not an Event of Default has occurred.

JX89 at 7.

7. The Guaranty Agreements

Mr. C. Patel, the Trust, Krishnas, BWI, Ganesa, Mr. P. Patel, and Ms. R. Patel 

(collectively, the “Guarantors”), executed certain guaranty agreements (collectively referred to as 

the “Guaranty Agreements”) in favor of Crown in connection with the Agreement. The 

Guaranty Agreements are comprised of guarantees of payment (the “Guarantees of Payment”) 

and guarantees of completion (the “Guarantees of Completion”). Crown required MRPC and 

related parties to provide extra collateral and guarantees to back the Loan and secure funding for 

the Project. 

The Guaranty Agreements absolutely and unconditionally guarantee payment and 

performance, as was required by Crown to enter into the Loan. TT:8/1, 75:18-78:4.
35

The language found in the Guaranty Agreements is identical in each of the contracts. The 

Guarantees of Payment41 expressly provide that Crown, referred to as the “Bank,” is unwilling to 

lend to MRPC without execution of the Guarantees of Payment. Section 2 of the Guarantees of 

Payment states, in pertinent part:

[G]uarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantees the Bank the prompt 

payment, when due, whether by maturity, acceleration or otherwise, of all present 

or future obligations or liabilities of the Borrower to the Bank, whether now 

existing or arising after the date of this Guaranty ... together with all modifications, 

extensions, or renewals of the obligations or liabilities. This Guaranty covers 

obligations and liabilities incurred by the Borrower in any capacity ... All such 

obligations and liabilities set forth herein, together with interest and all reasonable 

fees, costs, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other costs of collection incurred or paid 

by the Bank, are together referred to as the “Indebtedness.” 

Guarantees of Payment at 1. Section 3 of the Guarantees of Payment, titled “Guaranty Absolute 

and Unconditional” states, in pertinent part:

[t]he liability of the Guarantor under this Guaranty is absolute and unconditional 

irrespective of: (a) any lack of validity or enforceability of any of the Loan 

Documents ... or (f) any other circumstances which might otherwise constitute a 

defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrower, any guarantor or other obligor 

in respect of the Indebtedness or the Guarantor in respect of this Guaranty...

This Guaranty is a continuing guarantee and shall remain in full force and effect 

until all of the Indebtedness has been paid in full and will continue to be effective...

Guarantees of Payment at 1.

The Guarantors each also executed a Guaranty of Completion.42 Section 2 of the 

Guarantees of Completion set forth the Obligations of the Guarantors, including but not limited 

to: (a) Completion of the Improvements, free and clear of all Liens on or before the Completion 

 

41 Each Guarantor’s respective Guaranty of Payment (the “Guarantees of Payment”) for the Permanent Note and the 

Interim Note is found in the record as follows: Krishnas (JX94, JX141); BWI (JX100, JX146); Ganesa (JX109, 

JX153); Mr. P. Patel (JX116, JX158); Ms. R. Patel (JX119, JX160); Mr. C. Patel (JX122, JX162); and the Trust 

(JX124, JX164).

42 Each Guarantor’s respective Guaranty of Completion (the “Guarantees of Completion”) for the Permanent Note 

and the Interim Note is found in the record as follows: Krishnas (JX95); BWI (JX101); Ganesa (JX110); Mr. P. 

Patel (JX117); Ms. R. Patel (JX120); Mr. C. Patel (JX123); and the Trust (JX125).
36

date; (b) the complete and timely performance of Borrower’s obligations; and (c) payment in full 

of any and all reasonable expenses that may be paid or incurred by the Lender in collection. 

Guarantees of Completion at 2. The Guarantees of Completion are an absolute, unconditional, 

present and continuing guaranty of payment and performance. Guarantees of Completion at 2-3.

8. The MRPC Mortgages

As further security, MRPC and Crown entered into the Open-End Mortgage, Security 

Agreement and Fixture Filing (Construction) (the “Permanent Note Mortgage”). JX86. The 

Permanent Note Mortgage was recorded on December 21, 2012 in the Office of the Recorder of 

Deeds, New Castle County, beginning at Instrument No. 20121221-0075519 becoming a first 

position lien upon certain real and personal property held by MRPC. JX87 at Exhibit A and 

Schedule B. Crown also recorded numerous UCC and fixture filings. JX90-93.

Similarly, MRPC and Crown entered into an Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement 

and Fixture Filing (Construction) (the “Interim Note Mortgage”, and collectively with the 

Permanent Note Mortgage, the “MRPC Mortgages”). JX135. The Interim Note Mortgage was 

recorded on December 21, 2012 in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds, New Castle County, 

beginning at Instrument No. 20121221-0075526 becoming a second position lien upon certain 

real and personal property held by MRPC. JX135 at Exhibit A and Schedule B. Crown also 

recorded numerous UCC and fixture filings. JX137-140.

The MRPC Mortgages are identical in their terms, with exception to the mortgage note 

being secured. The MRPC Mortgages define MRPC as the “Mortgagor” and Crown as the 

“Mortgagee.” JX86 at 2; JX135 at 2. Under Section 1, the MRPC Mortgages state the 

obligation secured therein:

[m]ortgagor shall pay promptly to Mortgagee the principal of and interest upon the 

Note according to the terms of the Note and all other amounts owing by Mortgagor 
37

to Mortgagee under the [sic] Note secured hereby, including all other amounts 

secured hereby from time to time or expended by Mortgagee, with interest thereon 

at the rate set forth in the Note, and shall keep and perform every other term, 

provision, covenant and agreement of the Note and this Mortgage, subject to 

applicable notice, grace and cure periods set forth therein, if any. 

JX86 at 3; JX135 at 3. The maximum unpaid principal balance for the MRPC Mortgages is the 

loan amounts, or $7,640,000.00 and $5,348,000.00, respectively. JX86 at 2; JX135 at 2. 

The MRPC Mortgages also create “a security interest in the personal property and 

fixtures” included in the term “Premises,” which is defined as the Hotel. JX86 at 2; JX135 at 2.

Section 11 of the MRPC Mortgages governs “Events of Default,” which defines events 

that constitute default under the agreement:

A. The failure of Mortgagor to pay any installment of interest, or principal, under 

the terms of the Note and this Mortgage within ten (10) days of their due date;

B. The failure of Mortgagor to duly observe or perform any covenant, condition or 

agreement with respect to the payment of moneys on the part of Mortgagor to be 

observed or performed pursuant to the terms of the loan documents other than the 

payment of principal and interest which shall be governed by Subsection (A) above, 

and such default shall have remained uncured for a period of ten (10) days after 

notice thereof to Mortgagor;...

H. If an Event of Default as defined in the Loan Agreement shall occur and shall 

not be cured within the grace period provided herein.

JX86 at 6; JX 135 at 6. 

Section 12 of the MRPC Mortgages, titled “Remedies,” sets forth the relief contractually 

available to Crown should one of the defined Events of Default occur, in that: 

[t]he entire unpaid balance of the principal, the accrued interest, and all other sums 

secured by the Mortgage, shall, at the option of the Mortgagee, become 

immediately due and payable without further notice or demand, and in any such 

Event of Default, Mortgagee may forthwith undertake any one or more of the 

following, to the extent permitted by applicable law: 

A. Recover judgment against Mortgagor for the entire unpaid principal balance, 

accrued interest, and all other sums secured by this Mortgage; and neither the 

recovery of judgment nor the levy of execution thereof on any property, including 

the Premises, shall affect Mortgagee’s rights hereunder or the lien hereof;
38

B. Enter upon and take possession of the Premises, or have a receiver of the rents, 

issues and profits thereof appointed...;

C. Assume full control of the Premises and complete the construction thereof as it 

sees fit in its absolute discretion;

D. Take such other action to protect and enforce Mortgagee’s rights hereunder and 

the lien hereof, as Mortgagee deems advisable, including:

(1) The foreclosure hereof, subject, at Mortgagee’s option, to the rights of 

tenants and other persons in the Premises; and/or

(2) The sale of the Premises in a foreclosure proceeding in one or several 

parcels, at Mortgagee’s option, and without obligation to have the 

Premises marshaled. 

JX86 at 7; JX135 at 7. 

Section 13 governs Counsel Fees and provides:

If Mortgagee becomes a party (by intervention or otherwise) to any action or 

Proceeding affecting the Premises or the title thereto or Mortgagee’s interest under 

this Mortgage, or employs an attorney to collect any of the indebtedness or to 

enforce performance of the obligations, covenants and agreements secured hereby, 

or to advise Mortgagee with respect to its rights and remedies hereunder and under 

the Note in case of an Event of Default or threatened Event of Default, Mortgagor 

shall reimburse Mortgagee, forthwith upon written notice and without further 

demand, for all reasonable costs, charges and counsel fees incurred by Mortgagee, 

in any such case, whether or not suit be commenced, and the same shall be added 

to the principal sum secured hereby as further charge and lien upon the Premises 

and shall bear interest at the rate provided for in the Note, to the maximum extent 

permitted by applicable law. 

JX86 at 7; JX135 at 7. 

Section 23 governs use of the premises after default. This provision of the MRPC 

Mortgages states, that, after an Event of Default occurs, and the expiration of any applicable 

grace period, “Mortgagor ... shall, upon the demand of Mortgagee, become a month-to-month 

tenant of Mortgagee...” JX86 at 9; JX135 at 9. 
39

9. The Guaranty Mortgages

As a means of additional guaranty for the Loan, the Guarantors, with the exception of Mr. 

C. Patel, executed and delivered their own Guaranty Mortgage, Security Agreement, and Fixture 

Filings (“Guaranty Mortgages”)43 pertaining to the Notes. The Guaranty Mortgages have 

identical governing provisions as previously set forth as applicable in the MRPC Mortgages, 

with the exception that the respective Guarantor is defined as the “Mortgagor” in the Guaranty 

Mortgages. Moreover, the Guaranty Mortgages provide security as additional collateral, as 

owned by the Guarantors and as defined in the Guaranty Mortgages and appended as Exhibit 

“A”. 

Specifically, Krishnas provided the Country Inn Hotel as collateral under its Guaranty 

Mortgage (the “Krishnas Guaranty Mortgage”). JX96 at Ex. A. Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel 

provided a lien upon their personal residence, the Patel Residence, under their Guaranty 

Mortgage (the “Patel Guaranty Mortgage”). JX118 at Ex. A; TT:8/1, 76:11-78:4. BWI provided 

a first mortgage upon the BWI Property as collateral under its Guaranty Mortgage (the “BWI 

Guaranty Mortgage”). JX105 at Ex. A. Ganesa provided a first mortgage upon the New Jersey 

Collateral as collateral under its Guaranty Mortgage (the “Ganesa Guaranty Mortgage”). JX111 

at Ex. A; TT:8/2, 163:21-164:8. 

10. Assignments of Leases and Rents

MRPC, along with the Guarantors that own property that was offered as collateral, each 

respectively executed an Assignment of Leases and Rents with respect to the Notes.44 The 

 

43 Each Guarantor’s respective Guaranty Mortgage for the Notes (Permanent Note and Interim Note) is found in the 

record as follows: Krishnas (JX96, JX142); BWI (JX105, JX146); Ganesa (JX111, JX154); Mr. P. Patel (JX118, 

JX159); Ms. R. Patel (JX121, JX160); and the Trust (JX127, JX165).

44 Each Assignors’ respective Assignment for the Notes (Permanent Note and Interim Note) is found in the record as 

follows: MRPC (JX88, JX136); Krishnas (JX97, JX143); BWI (JX106, JX150); and Ganesa (JX112, JX155).
40

Assignments were all executed on December 19, 2012. Specifically, MRPC provided 

assignment of any and all leases and rents related to the Property, Krishnas provided assignment 

of any and all leases and rents related to the Second Hotel Property, BWI provided assignment of 

any and all leases and rents related to Maryland Property, and Ganesa provided assignment of 

any and all leases and rents related to the New Jersey Collateral. 

The Assignments are identical in terms of operative language, with the exception of 

differing language pertaining to the Assignor, identification of the Assignor, and the description 

of the mortgaged property, as identified in detail in Exhibit “A” to the Assignments. The 

Assignments provide that the Assignor, in consideration of the Loan, “assigns, transfers, and sets 

over to the Bank all of its rights, title, and interest in and to all those leases, tenancies, rental 

agreements, occupancy agreements, and subleases (the “Leases”) now or hereafter existing and 

affecting all or any portion of the Mortgaged Property, and any and all extensions thereof...” 

Assignments at 3. The Mortgaged Property is defined therein as the property owned by the 

Assignor. Assignments at 2.

Section 2 of the Assignments sets forth that the Assignor covenants and agrees:

(a)(i) To duly and timely observe, perform, and discharge all the obligations, terms, 

covenants, conditions, and warranties of the Loan Documents and each Lease on 

the part of the Assignor to be kept, observed and performed, and (ii) to give 

immediate written notice to the Bank of any failure on the part of the Assignor to 

do so under a Lease and of any default notice received from a lessee...

Assignments at 4. Moreover, Section 6 of the Assignment provides that in the Event of Default,

as defined in the Loan Documents or under the Assignment itself, Crown shall have the right and 

power to exercise and enforce its rights as follows:

(a) To revoke the license granted to the Assignor pursuant to the terms of this 

Assignment to collect the Rents, and then thereafter, without taking possession, in 

the Bank’s own name, to demand, collect, receive, sue for, attach and levy the 

Rents...;
41

(b) To declare all sums evidenced by the Note and secured by the Assignment and 

by the Mortgage immediately due and payable and, at its option, exercise any and 

all of the rights and remedies provided in any of the Loan Documents, or at law or 

in equity and/or;

(c) Without regard to the adequacy of any security, and with or without any action 

or proceeding through any person or by agent or court-appointed receiver and 

irrespective of the Assignor’s possession, then or thereafter to enter upon, take 

possession of, manage and operate the Property, or any part thereof...

Assignments at 6-7. 

Crown advanced all of the loan proceeds to or for the benefit of MRPC. JX662. At the 

Loan closing on December 19, 2012, Crown made four (4) disbursements, to include the initial 

$3,733,280.00 wire advance, $611,500.00 for the credit cash contingency account, $625,000.00 

for the credit interest reserve account, and $54,500.00 for closing costs. JX662. The Loan had 

an original Completion Date of December 2, 2013, which could be extended until June 2, 2014 if 

MRPC exercised the Extension. JX84 at 1. 

11. MRPC Hires BCD as it General Contractor

In August of 2012, MRPC hired BCD Associates, LLC (“BCD”) as its general contractor. 

TT: 8/1, 37:22-38:5. MRPC and BCD executed an AIA contract, later revised on October 9, 

2012 (as revised, the “AIA Contract”). JX44. The AIA Contract was revised because Crown 

required that MRPC remove the bond from the hard cost budget and move the bond expense to 

soft costs so it could be paid at closing. JX38; TT: 8/1, 59:13-23. Crown is not a party to the 

AIA Contract.

BCD is a joint venture between Bancroft Construction Company (“Bancroft”) and 

Carrollton Design Build (“Carrollton”). TT: 8/4, 4:12-14. Bancroft is an established Delaware 

general contracting firm with over 20 years of construction experience. TT: 8/4, 4:17-5:2; JX774 
42

at 11. Before the Project, Carrollton had built “dozens of comparable hotels” involving thirdparty lenders. TT: 8/4, 10:8-17. 

Mr. Deignan, the president of Carrollton, acted as “project executive” for the Project. 

TT: 8/4, 6:14-15. BCD assigned James DiPaolantonio to oversee construction on the Project. 

TT: 8/4, 6:22-7. Bruce Bachman, who reported directly to Mr. DiPaolantonio, was BCD’s onsite 

superintendent in charge of the day-to-day construction for the Project. TT: 8/4, 33:3-5. Mr. 

Bachman had worked for Carrollton for over 20 years. TT: 8/4, 33:8-15.

Generally, the construction entailed removing the roof of the Hotel, constructing floors 4-

6, adding a penthouse to house the HVAC units, reconfiguring the first-floor lobby, and making 

certain site improvements. TT: 8/1, 30:22-31:4. The Project also involved some renovations to 

the 2nd and 3rd floor. Id.; JX778. The AIA Contract fixed the price for the scope of work at 

$7,330,056.00. JX44 at 3. 

The date of commencement of construction under Section 3.1 of the AIA Contract

between MRPC and BCD was to be thirty-days post-settlement, i.e., January 19, 2013. JX182 at 

2. BCD projected eight (8) months for construction, rendering the projection completion date in 

September of 2013. JX36; JX84. The AIA Contract fixed the price for the scope of work at 

$7,330,056.00. JX44 at 3; JX207. Combined with contingency and an interest reserve, Crown 

committed to fund an additional $9,250,220.00. JX 84 at 8; JX23 at Ex. A. The Agreement 

provides how the $9,250,220.00 was to be allocated, of which up to $7,350,000.00 was for 

construction costs under the AIA Contract. JX84 at 8; JX23 at Ex. A.

On September 11, 2012, Mr. C. Patel for MRPC, Mr. Deignan, Mr. DiPaolantonio, and 

Jack Barr for BCD, and Mr. Kneip and Mr. Mirandi for Crown, met at the Hotel (the “PreClosing Site Visit”). TT: 8/1, 59:3-9. During this visit, Crown reviewed the construction plans 
43

and budget for adequacy, which Mr. Mirandi would document in a report he submitted to Crown 

before Closing. JX33.

12. Construction at the Hotel

On January 24, 2013, a sprinkler pipe freeze and burst occurred at the Hotel (the 

“Sprinkler Incident”). The following day, Kevin Crumlish of BCD sent an e-mail to Mr. C. Patel 

providing notice that the Sprinkler Incident will have an impact on the construction schedule: 

“[b]ecause the contract specifies an end date, we are obligated to notify you that we will request 

a new end date once the impact on the schedule can be determined.” JX198. 

On Monday, January 28, 2013, at 1:44 p.m., Mr. C. Patel forwarded the BCD Delay 

Notification to Crown. JX199. Crown (Mr. Kneip) responded by e-mail just ten minutes later, at 

1:54 p.m., advising that “[a]t this time the Bank will not consider a construction loan extension, 

however as the job proceeds and we get closer to completion, we will of course consider an 

extension (which must be approved by DelVal as well) at that time.” JX199 (emphasis added).

Mr. C. Patel and Mr. Kneip discussed Crown’s decision. TT: 8/1, 105:8-23; 128:14-17. 

BCD agreed with MRPC because redrawing and rebidding the Project would have allowed 

MRPC and BCD to “hit the pause button,” and assess the increased scope of work and time. TT: 

8/5, 16:6-17; TT: 8/4, 19:7-9 (Mr. Deignan testified that redrawing and rebidding the Project 

would have provided “a better global view of what we were in for financially, in terms of cost of 

reconstruction.”); TT: 8/4, 23:1-7 (Mr. Deignan testifying that rebidding and redrawing would 

have mitigated construction costs and avoided “hundreds of pages of change orders”); JX768 at 

13. 

Crown reaffirmed that MRPC was “on the clock so just get started.” TT: 8/1, 105:21; 

136:10-11. Mr. Rodrigues confirmed that “. . . [Mr. Kneip] did tell [Charlie] we cannot extend 
44

the maturing now when it’s [MRPC] should start . . .” Ex. A at 162:9-11. Crown not take over 

control of the project at the Hotel, and did not instruct MRPC and BCD that the project must 

proceed or that it could not be rebid or redrawn. TT:9/21, 272:8-13.

MRPC and BCD agreed to address the Sprinkler Incident by creating construction change 

orders for additional construction work and costs. TT:8/1, 132:6-134:5; JX200.

MRPC submitted 23 draw requests (the “Draw Requests) during the lifetime of the 

Project. The Draw Requests are as follows:

Draw Req. # Period 

Ending

Rec’d 

by 

Crown

Insp.

Report 

Date

Disburse 

Date

Amount 

Req’d

Insp.

Recommended 

Amt.

Amt.

Disbursed

Difference Days 

from 

Draw 

Req. to 

Disburse

Days 

from 

Insp. 

Report 

to 

Disburse

1 1/31/13 2/18/13 2/21/13 3/11/13 $86,363.21 $64,466.85 $65,466.85 $20,896.36 21 18

2 2/28/13 3/19/13 3/19/13 4/1/13 $108,801.82 $108,801.82 $108,801.82 0 13 13

3 3/31/13 4/5/13 4/12/13 4/17/13 $136,265.86 $136,265.88 $136,265.8 +$.02 12 5

4 4/30/13 5/7/13 5/17/13 6/11/13 $480,759.59 $480,759.62 $478,571.73 $2,187.86 35 25

5 5/31/13 6/14/13 7/1/13 7/2/13 $650,486.82 $650,486.86 $650,486.85 +$.03 18 1

6 6/30/13 7/9/13 7/16/13 7/29/13 $727,008.87 $625,396.39 $687,982.54 $39,026.3345 20 13

7 7/31/13 8/19/13 8/28/13 9/5/13 $796,317.47 $604,613.90 $604,613.90 $191,703.5746 17 8

8 8/31/13 9/24/13 10/2/13 10/4/13 $850,749.66 $850,749.64 $850,749.64 $.02 10 2

9 9/3/13 10/10/13 10/22/13 10/23/13 $859,970.06 $859,970.06 $850,749.06 0 13 1

10 10/31/13 11/7/13 11/14/13 11/21/13 $557,237.69 $557,237.68 $557,237.68 $.01 14 7

11 11/30/13 12/3/13 12/17/13 12/18/13 $622,562.63 $603,683.90 $622,562.64 +$.01 15 1

12 12/21/13 1/2/14 1/21/14 2/4/14 $354,718.06 $183,385.51 $183,385.51 $171,332.55 33 14

1347 1/3/14 2/10/14

14 3/31/14 4/22/14 4/22/14 5/7/14 $782,552.96 $782,552.97 $782,552.97 +.01 15 15

15 5/31/14 6/6/14 6/13/14 6/18/14 $86,126.23 $86,126.23 $86,126.23 0 12 5

16 6/30/14 7/7/14 7/11/14 7/21/14 $177,508.44 $177,508.41 $177,508.41 $.03 14 10

17 7/31/14 8/12/14 8/14/14 8/20/14 $223,847.46 $223,847.47 $177,508.41 46,339.0548 8 6

18 8/31/14 9/16/14 10/7/14 10/8/14 $221,760.21 $221,760.47 $126,440.96 $95,319.25 22 1

19 9/30/14 10/11/14 10/2/14 10/23/14 $353,328.93 $353,328.96 $353,328.96 +$.03 10 2

20 10/31/14 11/13/14 12/10/14 12/22/14 $374,455.73 $119,083.13 $103,725,.57 $270,730.16 39 12

21 11/30/14 12/4/14 $297,079.74 $297,079.74

22 12/31/14 12/30/14 $128,677.91 $128,677.91

23 12/31/14 2/3/15 $955,000.00 $955,000.0049

Total 

Disbursed

$7,847,602.00

 

45 Crown disbursed an additional $39,026.33 on August 8, 2013. As such, the amount requested and the amount 

disbursed on Draw Request 6 are the same.

46 Crown disbursed an additional $148,500.00 on October 4, 2013. As such, the amount requested and the amount 

disbursed on Draw Request is a difference of $43,203.57.

47 Replaced by Draw Request 14

48 Crown paid an additional $46,789.06 on September 26, 2014. Crown was correcting a wire authorization amount 

that mirrored the payment on July 21, 2014. In the end, MRPC received the total amount requested in Draw Request 

17.

49 Draw Request 23 represents the amount of unpaid retainage.
45

MRPC tracked the change orders for Sprinkler Incident costs and revisions to the 

construction project, which eventually increased the cost of the project by $2,219,944.00. 

JX703. In addition, MRPC incurred an additional $2,150,000.00 from a different lender. JX493. 

Thus, by completion of the construction project, construction and renovation costs expanded by 

$4,369,944.00, or approximately 50% of the original budget of $9,250,220.00.

13. The Modifications

By November of 2013, as the project neared the Original Completion Date as defined in 

the AIA Contract, the contingency amounts allowed under the Loan had been exhausted to cover 

change orders. JX414. Yet, by the December draw application, MRPC had approved change 

orders totaling $1,172,418.96. JX439 at CB014384. 

To cover the additional construction costs, Mr. C. Patel proposed, via e-mail, that the 

furniture fixture and equipment (“FF&E”) in the budget be released and used for change orders

and that MRPC be permitted to obtain a third-party lender to cover the FF&E. JX360. Mr. 

Kneip responded via e-mail: “[i]f you are to consider a new additional loan, we would have to be 

convinced cash flow based on the original projections would cover all payments. I am not sure 

that is the case.” Mr. C. Patel responded that cash flows “aren’t my concern, it is getting 

done...” JX360. Further explaining his response, Mr. Kneip testified that cash flow generated 

on a recurring basis from the business would need to be sufficient to cover Crown’s first 

mortgage, the SBA second mortgage, and then if any remained for FF&E or working capital. 

TT:9/22, 55:12-20-56:9. Moreover, the proposal from Mr. C. Patel would place an FF&E lender 

in third position. TT:9/22, 56:10-13.

The parties negotiated, and ultimately reached an agreement to extend the Loan. JX531; 

JX595. On May 2, 2014, Crown and MRPC, with the consent of the Guarantors, executed and 
46

entered into a Modification of Note Agreement (the “May Modification”), which in part 

extended the maturity date of the Notes to October 31, 2014 upon payment of a $69,940.00 

extension fee, $5,000.00 modification fee, and $1,000.00 plan and cost review fee. JX531 at 1. 

Under the May Modification, all amounts owed under the Loan were to be paid on 

October 31, 2014, and the prepayment penalty was increased to ten percent (10%) during the 

Construction Phase, subject to certain exclusions provided for therein, and in the event the 

Permanent Note converted to the Permanent Phase, the prepayment penalty of ten percent (10%) 

was to be reduced one percent (1%) each year during its stated term.50 JX531 at 1. 

Following the May Modification, MRPC entered into a new loan with Access Point 

Financial, Inc. JX493. With respect to Crown’s commitment to the process:

[w]e were told once it funded and got information that - - and at one point we 

notified the borrower that we would have to hold up funding because, again, of the 

issue of insufficient funds to complete the project until we knew that this lender 

was in place. And the bank agreed - - the decision makers approved to allow for 

this third lender to have a first lien on the FF&E, so we released that collateral. 

TT:9/22, 57:10-23. The FF&E loan closed at the end of 2014. TT:9/22, 58:6-8.

Subsequent to the May Modification, Crown advanced an additional $2,483,215.5351 in 

disbursements to MRPC. 

At MRPC’s request, the parties agreed to extend the loan again to allow the construction 

to continue. JX595. On September 29, 2014, Crown and MRPC, with the consent of the 

Guarantors, executed and entered into a Modification of Note Agreement (the “September 

Modification”), which in part extended the maturity date of the Notes to January 31, 2015 when 

 

50 Mr. Rodrigues testified that the ten percent (10%) prepaid penalty was agreed upon between Crown and MRPC as 

the compensation that Crown will receive for the loss of interest during the term of the Loan, should the Loan be 

repaid prior to the maturity. TT:11/7, 227:17-228:4.

51 This monetary value includes a May 7, 2014 disbursement for $300,000.00 to replenish the Credit Interest 

Reserve Account, an August 30, 2014 disbursement of $280,000.00 to replenish the Credit Interest Reserve 

Account, and $44,234.94 pursuant to an interim payment. JX662.
47

all amounts owed thereunder were to be paid. JX595. The September Modification also granted 

MRPC the option to request an additional three-month extension. JX595 at 1.

While negotiating the May Modification, Mr. Kneip sent an e-mail to Mr. C. Patel stating 

the following:

[w]ith regard to the extension, we can NOT use a portion of the $1.5MM CD. You 

may recall we needed that as cash collateral to be under our legal lending limit. We 

need to retain it until the bridge loan is paid off by DelVal (after construction). So 

replenishing the interest reserve must come from another source. 

Interest reserve replenishment should be addressed when you analyze and request 

an interim loan to finance cost overruns created by the water main break and flood, 

which should be covered by insurance. Be sure to explain the request to cover 

change orders in the 504 loan and the new requested loan for FF&E. This needs to 

be done soon as both Crown Bank Board Loan Committee and DelVal/SBA must 

approve.

JX385. 

Mr. C. Patel testified that he disagreed with Crown treating the $1,500,000.00 as a 

deposit rather than as cash collateral. TT:8/2, 51:13-15. Mr. C. Patel did acknowledge that the 

cash collateral, held in a certificate of deposit, was necessary to offset the legal lending limit for 

Crown. TT:8/2, 83:12-84:10. The Court finds that the $1,500,000 held in MRPC’s bank account 

was cash collateral under the Agreement’s Article IV, section 4.14 and that this money was 

subject to the Security Agreement. JX84 (Art. IV, sec. 4.14).

Despite being reminded again on December 5, 2014 that the CD needed to be held until 

the “bridge loan is paid off,” on or about December 8, 2014, Mr. C. Patel transferred the 

$1,500,000 cash collateral to MRPC’s bank account at TD Bank. JX649; JX650; JX706; JX732. 

Crown reversed the transfer. The evidence indicates that Mr. C. Patel had an understanding that 

this was a breach of the Agreement. The Court finds that Mr. C. Patel’s testimony at trial 

demonstrated that he understood that the withdrawal of the $1,500,000 cash collateral would 
48

serve as a substantial adverse material change in the borrower’s financial strength and constitute 

a breach of the Loan Documents, as not contemplated under the SBA 504 contract. TT:8/3, 

147:10-149:15. Mr. C. Patel memorialized this understanding in an e-mail to Mr. Kneip dated 

March 7, 2014, stating: “[t]he contractor will not accept to wait for their final payment to come 

from insurance proceeds. The CDC for the SBA 504 believes also that there could be a 

substantial adverse material change in borrower’s financial strength if the liquidity (the $1.5MM 

CD) is compromised in any fashion.” JX483.

As the January 31, 2015 Loan maturity approached, the parties negotiated toward a 

further extension and a process that would allow a certificate of occupancy to issue and the SBA 

Loan to close. On December 22, 2014, Crown sent a wire advance to Real Hospitality Group, on 

MRPC’s behalf, as part of the negotiation process. JX662; TT:11/7, 223:3-15. The 

disbursement was made after an in-person meeting with Mr. C. Patel, to resolve any issues 

related to funding. TT:11/7, 223:16-22.

On or about January 6, 2015, the Hotel received its temporary certificate of occupancy. 

Pre-Tr. Stip. at 13 at ¶24. On or about January 8, 2015, the Hotel received its final certificate of 

occupancy. Pre-Tr. Stip. at 13 at ¶25. On or about that same date, the Hotel received franchise 

approvals to open for business and opened for business to the general public. Pre-Tr. Stip. at 13 

at ¶26. 

Upon receiving its certificates of occupancy, MRPC cut off communication with Crown 

and initiated the present suit on January 30, 2015. Pre-Tr. Stip. at 13 at ¶27. 

The Loan matured on January 31, 2015. MRPC did not close on the SBA Loan. MRPC 

did not make payment to Crown upon maturity of the Notes.
49

C. CONCLUSIONS ON CLAIMS OF PLAINTIFFS AND CROWN

1. Plaintiffs’ Claims

A. Count II – Breach of Contract.

After considering all of the evidence and the applicable law, the Court does not find a 

material breach of contract by MRPC.

As more fully stated above in Section III.B-H, the Plaintiffs must prove, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, the following to succeed on Count II: (1) a valid contract, (2) 

breach of that contract, and (3) damages resulting from that breach. Failure to perform a contract 

in accordance with its terms and conditions constitutes a breach of contract. It does not matter if 

the failure to perform was purposeful or inadvertent. 

A breach may be material or minor. If a breach “goes to the essence of the contract,” 

then the breach is material. Here, the Court must consider facts that demonstrate: 

(a) the extent to which the injured party will be deprived of the benefit which he 

reasonably expected;

(b) the extent to which the injured party can be adequately compensated for the part 

of that benefit of which he will be deprived; 

(c) the extent to which the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will suffer 

forfeiture; 

(d) the likelihood that the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will cure 

his failure, taking account of all the circumstances including any reasonably 

assurances; and 

(e) the extent to which the behavior of the party failing to perform or to offer to 

perform comports with standards of good faith and fair dealing.

Whether conduct is a breach of contract or a material breach of contract is ordinarily a 

question for the trier of fact—the Court.
50

If a party materially breaches the contract, the other party may treat the contract as void 

or proceed on the contract. If the non-breaching party continues to perform on the contract, then 

the contract remains valid. Continuing to perform in the face of a material breach does not 

deprive the non-breaching party of a right of action for the breach which has already taken place. 

If the non-breaching party continues to perform, then the non-breaching party is deprived of any 

excuse for ceasing performance on its own part.

The Court finds that the parties did not modify the Agreement, or any other related loan 

document, though actions and conduct. Under New Jersey law, the Plaintiffs (most specifically 

MRPC) and Crown could have modified the Agreement by an explicit agreement, or through the 

actions and conduct of the Plaintiffs and Crown if the intention to modify is mutual and clear. 

The parties presented evidence that MRPC and Crown attempted to work together to get the 

remediation and renovation work done at the Hotel; however, the evidentiary record does not 

support a conclusion that MRPC and Crown mutually and clearly intended to modify the 

Agreement through a course of conduct. When the Plaintiffs and Crown intended to modify the 

Agreement, the evidence demonstrates that the parties negotiated and executed modification 

agreements—i.e., the May Modification and the September Modification. JX531; JX595.

The Plaintiffs rely too heavily on what happened in the first few months after the 

Sprinkler Incident to demonstrate that Crown and MRPC modified the Agreement though a 

course of conduct. BCD sent a delay notification to MRPC. MRPC forwarded that delay 

notification to Crown. Crown responded and stated that “at this time [Crown] will not consider a 

construction loan extension, however as the job proceeds and we get closer to completion, 

[Crown] will of course consider an extension (which must be approved by DelVal as well) at that 

time.” MRPC and BCD agreed to address the Sprinkle Incident through construction change 
51

orders. Crown did not indicate that Crown agreed to a change in Article IV, or any other part, of 

the Agreement. Crown, as a lender, did work with MRPC and BCD with respect to the Sprinkler 

Incident.

The Plaintiffs attempted, during the Trial and afterwards, to disparage the efforts of 

Crown’s personnel to address the Sprinkler Incident and its ramifications, and Crown’s work 

with BCD and MRPC. MRPC argues that these efforts demonstrate that Crown and MRPC 

modified the Agreement through a course of conduct. The Court, as fact finder, is unimpressed 

by the Plaintiffs’ attempts. The Court viewed the conduct of Crown to be reasonable under the 

circumstances and not a manifested intent to modify the Agreement. As the Agreement 

expressly provides, Crown is not MRPC’s partner. JX84, Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(i). Moreover, 

unless there is default, Crown does not control construction at the Hotel. JX84, Art. VII, sec. 

7.5(a)-(e). Crown is the lender in this transaction. Crown, however, did have a responsibility in 

certain circumstances to act reasonably and in good faith. JX84, Art. VIII, sec. 8.1(a). Instead of 

viewing Crown’s efforts to work with MRPC as modifying the Agreement or actions taken in 

bad faith, the Court finds those actions to be reasonable in light of the serious nature of the 

Sprinkler Incident.

The Sprinkler Incident was MRPC’s issue and MRPC’s responsibility. BCD took steps 

to protect its role and MRPC and BCD modified the AIA. The Agreement provided flexibility 

without modification to its terms and conditions to address change orders and alike. Crown 

responded to MRPC’s request by stating that it would not, at that time, agree to a modification of 

the Agreement. The Court finds for these reasons that Crown never mutually and clearly 

intended to modify the Agreement through a course of conduct. When Crown wanted to modify 
52

the Agreement, Crown entered into written modifications signed by all the necessary parties—

i.e., the May Modification and the September Modification.

The Court does find that Crown breached the timing requirements on funding. The Loan 

Commitment and the Agreement talk in terms of Crown funding Draw Request within five (5) 

business days of approval by the Bank. JX84, Art. IV, sec. 4.1(c); JX23, Exhibit “E;” JX79, 

Exhibit “E.” The Court does not find that either party succeeded in explaining what a 

“satisfactory CONSTRUCTION MANAGER” meant—whether it was Mr. Mirandi’s site 

inspection or the process described by Mr. Rodrigues. The Court does not believe that this 

matters. The evidence at Trial demonstrates that Crown did not, on a number of occasions, fund 

within five (5) business days after: (i) Mr. Mirandi submitted an inspection report; or (ii) 

execution of the Construction Loan Advance Authorization Sheet.

The Court finds that Crown breached Article IV, section 4.14 of the Agreement. The 

Agreement provides that MRPC was to fund a Certificate of Deposit at Crown in the amount of 

$1,500,000 as cash collateral. Instead, MRPC funded the $1,500,000 and Crown put it in a 

money market account.

The Court finds that Crown breached Article IV, section 4.1(a) of the Agreement because 

Crown did not provide a “standard form draw request.”

The Court finds that Crown breached other parts of Article IV during the renovation of 

the Hotel.

The Court finds that Crown breached Article VI, section 6.2 because Crown made 

advance proportionally under both the Permanent Note and the Interim Note.

The Court does not find that any one of these breaches constitutes a material breach of 

the Agreement, or any other related agreement. Arguably, only Crown’s failure to fund all of 
53

the Draw Requests within five (5) business days of Mr. Mirandi submitting an inspection report 

or execution of the Construction Loan Advance Authorization Sheet could possibly constitute a 

material breach. The Court finds that the other breaches in no way go to the very essence of the 

Agreement. For example, the use of a money market account instead of a certificate of deposit 

does not go to the very essence of the Agreement which is a construction loan agreement. 

Moreover, the Court does not find that the Plaintiffs demonstrated how Crown’s breach of 

Article VI, section 6.2 of the Agreement deprived MRPC of the benefit of the Agreement. The 

Court does not find that Crown’s legal lending limit was a source of any breach of the 

Agreement.

As for the Draw Requests and Crown’s breach of the five day requirements, the Court 

does not find that the Plaintiffs proved by a preponderance of the evidence that Crown’s failure 

to pay every Draw Request, in the amount requested by MRPC, within five (5) business 

constitutes a material breach. The Court heard the testimony of Mr. C. Patel, Mr. Mirandi and 

others as to the various Draw Requests. The Court finds that Mr. Mirandi’s testimony on the 

amounts approved were credible and valid. Moreover, in certain circumstances, Crown 

disbursed more than what Mr. Mirandi approved in his site inspection report. See, e.g., Draw 

Requests #6 and #11.

More importantly, Crown only failed to disburse on a Draw Request within thirty (30) 

days of the Draw Request twice and never over thirty (30) days from the date of an inspection 

report. The Agreement expressly provides that disbursement shall not be made more than one 

time per month. JX84, Art. IV, section 4.1(c). The Court does not find that failing to fund 

within five (5) business days under the circumstances constitutes a material breach going to the 

very essence of the Agreement. Moreover, while MRPC and BCD complained of the timing of 
54

the Draw Requests, MRPC never communicated to Crown that MRPC felt Crown was in default 

(material or non-material) under the Agreement. While the Agreement does not require any 

written notice, the Court, as fact finder, took note of the absence of any such communication 

prior to the filing of this civil action by way of the Complaint.

The Court does not find that the evidence supports the Plaintiffs’ damage argument. By 

seeking $12,188,089.89 in damages for Crown’s breaches, the Plaintiffs are essentially arguing 

that Crown’s non-material breaches warrant forfeiture. Under the Agreement, the evidence 

demonstrates that Crown advanced $12,754,322.09 in funds to MRPC. In addition, the evidence 

shows that the Hotel was successful renovated and opened. Despite this, MRPC is contending 

that Crown so materially breached the Agreement in various ways that Crown is not entitled to 

anything but a very modest return (under $500,000) for funding the purchase of the Hotel and 

approximately $7,800,000 in construction costs. The Court finds that Plaintiffs failed to adduce 

evidence that demonstrates, by a preponderance of the evidence, any of Crown’s non-material 

breaches support such a damage claim.

The Court also does not find that the Plaintiffs proved damages with a reasonable degree 

of certainty. The Court, as discussed in Section III.C.1.A, does not find that Crown is—as the 

Plaintiffs characterize Crown—a “wrongdoer.” In addition, the Court does not find that a 

number of underlying assumptions, about funding (timing and amount) and prospective profits, 

of the Plaintiffs’ damage claim are supported by the evidence. To come to the $12,188,089.89 

amount, the Court would need to disregard all of the testimony of Mr. Mirandi and Mr. Kniep 

and find credible the testimony of Mr. C. Patel, Mr. Santora and Mr. Lesser on damages. The 

Court, for reasons discussed above, cannot do that as the Court finds, after observing their 
55

testimony, Mr. Mirandi and Mr. Kneip to be credible witnesses and Mr. C. Patel not to be a 

credible witness.

The Court may have entertained a lesser amount for the various non-material breaches, 

but the Plaintiffs did not provide such evidence.

B. Plaintiffs’ Count III – Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing

After considering all of the evidence and the applicable law, the Court does not find that 

Crown breach the covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

As set forth above, New Jersey does recognize a claim for the breach of the covenant of 

good faith and fair dealing. In order for there to be a breach of the implied covenant of good 

faith and fair dealing in this case, the Plaintiffs must demonstrate that Crown, with no legitimate 

purpose: 1) acted with bad motives or intentions or engaged in deception or evasion in the 

performance of contract; and 2) by such conduct, denied the party of the bargain initially 

intended by the parties. 

In considering what constitutes bad faith, a number of factors can be considered, 

including the expectations of the parties and the purposes for which the contract was made. The 

fact finder should also consider the level of sophistication between the parties, whether the 

parties had equal or unequal bargaining power, and whether the party’s act involved the exercise 

of discretion. The Court, as the fact finder, must keep in mind, however, that bad faith is not 

established by simply showing that a party’s motive for the actions did not consider the best 

interests of the other party. New Jersey contract law does not require parties to behave 

thoughtfully, charitably or unselfishly toward each other.

In order for a party to prevail on a breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair 

dealing, the fact finder must specifically find that bad faith motivated a party’s actions. A party 
56

who acts in good faith on an honest, but mistaken, belief that the actions were justified has not 

breached the covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

The Plaintiffs contend that Crown failed to: (i) negotiate the May Modification in good 

faith; (ii) keep regular and ordinary accounting of all funds; and (iii) partner with another lender 

when additional funds were needed after Crown went up to its legal lending limit. The Court 

took in evidence on all of these issues. As the finder of fact, the Court cannot conclude that 

Crown acted with bad motives or intentions or engaged in deception or evasion in the 

performance of contract and denied the Plaintiffs the bargain initially intended by the parties. 

At the time of the May Modification, the improvements at the Hotel were, by everyone’s 

testimony, not complete. The May Modification did not provide Crown with additional 

collateral. The May Modification extended the maturity date of the Notes to October 31, 2014 

after payment of an extension fee, modification fee and plan and cost fee. The May Modification 

required a final general contractor contract not to exceed $9,326,559.62 (in reality this number 

grew to $9,550,000), replenishment of the Interest Reserve with $100,000 from loan proceeds 

and change the prepayment penalty.

MRPC, and the various guarantors, borrowers and alike, signed the May Modification. 

Crown, after approval by the BLC, signed the May Modification.

The Court does not find that this negotiation and the terms of the May Modification were 

motivated by bad faith on the part of Crown. The testimony and exhibits demonstrated a logical 

business negotiation based on the situation presented in the Spring of 2014.

In addition, the Court does not find that Crown’s way of regularly and ordinarily 

accounting records of all funds demonstrates the type of bad faith intent necessary to support the 

claim made in Count III. Whether another bank or lending institution would have kept records 
57

differently does not demonstrate that Crown’s record keeping method with respect to the Loan 

demonstrated bad faith or intentions. The Plaintiffs failed to demonstrate at the Trial that Crown 

or anyone at Crown maintained Crown’s accounting records in a manner (whether with ill will or 

good will) to disadvantage MRPC. 

As for the final contention regarding legal lending limits and partnering with another 

lender, the Plaintiffs have failed to carry their burden of proof in demonstrating to the Court how 

this demonstrates that Crown violated the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Throughout 

the Trial, the Plaintiffs tried to demonstrate that Crown’s legal lending limit restricted Crown’s 

obligations under the Loan. The Plaintiffs argue that Crown acted unreasonably at the outset of 

the Loan by extending its entire legal lending limit and tying up all of the Plaintiffs’ collateral 

and that this prevented another lender from coming in to assist the funding of construction costs.

The Court finds this contention to be “far-fetched.” The Plaintiffs needed the Loan. The 

Plaintiffs found Crown. The Plaintiffs, in an arms-length negotiation, agreed to the collateral 

package. The Court just cannot find that Crown’s action at the very outset of the Loan with 

respect to the collateral package or the terms of the Loan Commitment and the Agreement were 

so unreasonable as to constitute bad faith or ill intent. 

In fact, the Court is at a loss even now as to what is Crown’s ill intent towards the 

Plaintiffs. Crown is a bank and as a bank must protect the Loan. Mostly due to the Sprinkler 

Incident, the project ran into difficulty. The Agreement expressly provides that Crown and 

MRPC are not partners. For the most part, Crown acted reasonably when MRPC made requests 

to address issues caused by the Sprinkler Incident. The Court finds that Crown’s conduct, while 

not perfect, from December 19, 2012 through January 31, 2015 was reasonable, explainable and 

not done in bad faith or with improper intentions.
58

2. Crown’s Counterclaims

The Court finds that Crown has carried its burden of proof with respect to the 

Counterclaims.

The Court has already stated the standard for breach of contract, including what 

constitutes a material breach, under New Jersey law. See Section III.B-H.

A. Counterclaims I and II—Money Damages—Note #1 and Note #2

The Court finds that the evidence adduced during the Trial proves by a preponderance of 

the evidence that MRPC breached its obligations under the Agreement and the Notes. There has

been no challenge to the validity of the Agreement or Notes. The Court holds that the 

Agreement and the Notes are valid contracts under New Jersey law. 

As discussed above, the Court did not find that Crown committed a material breach of the 

Agreement or the Notes such that MRPC is excused from performance under these contracts.

The Court finds that Crown established that MRPC committed numerous material 

breaches of the Loan Documents. First, MRPC breached the Agreement in December of 2014 

when Mr. C. Patel transferred the $1,500,000 in cash collateral from an account at Crown to an 

account at TD Bank. Article IV, section 4.14 of the Agreement states that the cash collateral 

must remain with Crown “until the Interim Note is paid in full.” JX84 at 9. The Interim Note 

had not been paid in full at the time MRPC transferred the cash collateral. 

The Court also finds that MRPC breached the Permanent Note and Interim Note by 

failing to make payments to Crown upon maturity of the Notes. The Permanent Note required 

payments of principal and interest in accordance with the payment schedule set forth in the 

Permanent Note, i.e., monthly payments due and owing on the second (2nd) day of each 
59

consecutive month commencing on January 31, 2015. JX85 at 2; JX595. MRPC has failed to 

make the required payments under the Permanent Note. 

The Court finds that MRPC’s breach of the Permanent Note has caused Crown damages 

in the sum of $7,640,000.00, plus interest, penalties, late charges, costs and attorney’s fees as 

defined under the Permanent Note.

MRPC was obligated under the Interim Note to pay the “entire unpaid principal balance 

and all accrued and unpaid interest...upon the funding of the SBA Loan...and in no event at a 

date later than [January 31, 2015].” JX134 at 1; JX595. Article VII, section 7.1(n) of the 

Agreement provides that a failure to close the SBA Loan on or before the Maturity Date is a 

default. JX84 at 14. The evidence produced at the Trial demonstrates that the SBA Loan was 

not funded by January 31, 2015. Crown demonstrated that MRPC has failed to make the 

required payment under the Interim Note or cure its default. 

The Court finds that Crown has incurred damages in the sum of $5,348,000.00, plus 

interest, late charges, costs and attorney’s fees as defined under the Interim Note.

B. Counterclaims III Through XVI—Breach of Contract: Guaranty 

Agreements

The Court finds that the Guaranty Agreements are valid contracts. The plain terms of the 

Guaranty Agreements, executed by the Guarantors, set forth an unconditional guarantee of 

payment of all amounts owed to Crown by MRPC under the Permanent Note and Interim Note as 

well as all costs incurred by Crown. The Guaranty Agreements provide that the Guarantors 

make payment to Crown should MRPC fail to pay all of the amounts owed under both Notes on 

or before January 31, 2015. Moreover, the Guarantees of Payment state that the respective 

guarantees cover all obligations and liabilities incurred by MRPC “in any capacity,” to include 
60

“interest and all reasonable fees, costs, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other costs of collection 

incurred or paid by Crown.” Guarantees of Payment at 1 (see fn 41 supra).

The Guaranty Agreements provide that the Guarantors had an obligation to make 

payment of the principal and any and all interest, costs, and fees as set forth therein, to Crown 

under the plain contractual provisions set forth in the Permanent Note and Interim Note, on or 

before January 31, 2015. The evidence at the Trial demonstrates that all Guarantors knew they 

were unconditionally guaranteeing amounts owed to Crown. TT:8/1, 75:18-78:4 (C. Patel). The 

Guarantors have failed to make payment to Crown under the Notes. Under the terms of the 

Guaranty Agreements, the Guarantors are in breach of contract. 

C. Counterclaims XVII and XVIII—Judgment In Possession as to Security 

Agreements

The Court finds that Crown had demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence that 

MRPC has breached the Security Agreements. Section 4.1(a) of the Security Agreements 

provides that a “default of any liability, obligation, covenant or undertaking of MRPC owed to 

Crown, under the Notes or any other Loan Documents, including the failure to pay in full and 

when due any installment of principal or interest or default of MRPC under any other Loan 

Document or any other agreement” constitutes a breach of the Security Agreements. JX89 at 6. 

Moreover, Section 4.2 contains an acceleration clause which dictates that upon default any and 

all obligations owed to Crown are immediately due and payable. JX89 at 7.

The Security Agreements provide that, upon breach, Crown is entitled to take possession 

of the Collateral as identified in the Security Agreements in a commercially reasonable manner. 

Consequently, Crown is entitled to possession of the Collateral, to include MRPC’s accounts, 

equipment, and inventory. 
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D. Counterclaim XIX—In Rem Levy on the Hotel

As set forth herein, MRPC executed the Notes, as well as the MRPC Mortgages in 

support of the Notes. JX85; JX135. The Permanent Note Mortgage in support of the Permanent 

Note was recorded and became a first position lien upon the Property. JX86. The Interim Note 

Mortgage in support of the Interim Note was recorded and became a second position lien on the 

Property. JX135. Given MRPC’s default, as set forth above, MRPC owes Crown $7,640,000.00 

under the Permanent Note, exclusive of interest, late charges, penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs, 

and $5,348,000.00 under the Interim Note, exclusive of interest, late charges, penalties, 

attorneys’ fees and costs. The Court finds that Crown is entitled to exercise its various rights 

under the MRPC Mortgages. 

E. Counterclaim XX—In Rem Levy on the Country Inn Hotel

Krishnas executed and delivered its particular Guaranty Mortgage in support of the 

Notes. This Guaranty Mortgage recorded under the Permanent Note became a third position lien 

upon the Country Inn Hotel and the Interim Note became a fourth position lien upon the Country 

Inn Hotel. JX96: JX142. 

MRPC has defaulted in payment of the Notes. Pursuant to the Guaranty Mortgages, the 

Court finds that Crown is entitled to exercise its various rights under Krishnas’ Guaranty 

Mortgage as to the Country Inn Hotel. 

F. Counterclaim XXI—In Rem Levy on the Patel Residence

Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel executed and delivered their Guaranty Mortgage in support 

of the Notes. This Guaranty Mortgage recorded under the Note became a third position lien 

upon the Patel Residence, and the Guaranty Interim Note became a fourth position lien upon the 

Patel Residence. JX118, 121, 159, 160. 
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MRPC has defaulted in payment of the Notes. Pursuant to the Guaranty Mortgages, the 

Court finds that Crown is entitled to exercise its various rights under the Guaranty Mortgage of 

Mr. P. Patel and Ms. R. Patel as to the Patel Residence.

G. Damages

Crown seeks a money judgment in its favor against all Plaintiffs in the principal sum of 

$12,998,000.00 plus: (1) pre judgment interest at the per diem rate of $4,329.34 from April 14, 

2015 through the date of judgment; (2) post judgment interest at the per diem rate of $4,329.34; 

(3) prepayment penalties in the amount of $1,299,800.00, (4) late charges of $12,505.39, and (5) 

attorneys’ fees and costs in a yet to be determined amount. 

i. Monetary Relief Against MRPC

—Loan Principal

The Court finds that due to MRPC’s contractual breaches of the Loan Documents, Crown 

is entitled to a money judgment in the principal sum of $12,988,000.00. As of December 22, 

2014, Crown had advanced $12,754,322.09 in funds to MRPC, holding back only retainage as 

permitted under Section 4.1(f) of the Agreement. JX662. In late December 2014, as the parties 

were negotiating a possible solution to complete the project and fund remaining change orders, 

the amount remaining available to pay retainage under the Loan was $233,677.91. JX662. On 

January 30, 2015, MRPC initiated the instant litigation against Crown, contemporaneously 

cutting off communication between the parties. Beyond that point, no further loan advances 

were made by Crown to MRPC, nor were any requested by MRPC. Subsequently, interest 

continued to accrue on a daily basis thereby reducing available Loan proceeds. By April 13, 

2015, the accumulation of daily interest exceeded the $233,677.91 amount available under the 
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Loan. After April 13, 2015, interest began accruing, at a rate calculable per diem, on the 

principal balance of $12,988,000.00.

Crown is entitled to judgment in its favor under the plain, unambiguous language of the 

Loan Documents. As set forth in Section 7.2 of the Agreement a default thereunder “shall 

constitute a default under each of the Loan Documents.” JX84 at 14. Moreover, under Section 

7.3 of the Loan Agreement, upon MRPC’s default, Crown is entitled to declare the Loan and all 

sums owing to Crown under the Agreement “due and payable” without exception. JX84 at 14. 

—Interest and Penalties Under the Notes

The Court finds that due to MRPC’s breaches of the Loan Documents, Crown has been 

subjected to significant economic loss and risks being unable to be made whole through the sale 

of its collateral. Accordingly, the Court should award unto Crown all interest, fees and penalties 

that were contractually agreed upon in the Loan Documents.

The Notes both bore interest at a minimal rate of seven percent (7%). JX85 at 2; JX134 

at 1. Upon an Event of Default, the interest rate increases by five percent (5%), resulting in a 

default rate of twelve percent (12%). JX 85 at 3; JX 134 at 2. Upon breach by MRPC in 

December of 2014, Crown began to assess the default rate of twelve percent (12%). JX 754; 

TT:10/7, 226:8-12 (Rodrigues). During the time period of December 3, 2014 through April 13, 

2015, the Permanent Note accrued interest in the amount of $334,568.72, or $2,534.61 per diem, 

and the Interim Note accrued interest in the amount of $226,621.45, or $1,716.83 per diem. As 

of April 13, 2015, the accruing interest exceeded the principal Loan amount. TT:10/7, 226:13-

227:16 (Rodrigues). After April 13, 2015, the Permanent Note and Interim Note accrued interest 

at the rate of $2,546.67 per diem and $1,782.67 per diem, respectively. JX 754 
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Both Notes are also subject to a prepayment penalty. JX85 at 2; JX531 at ¶10. Pursuant 

to the terms of the May Modification the prepayment penalty percentage was increased from two 

percent (2%) to ten percent (10%). JX531 at ¶10; TT:10/7, 227:17-228 (Rodrigues). 

Consequently, when the Notes are paid, a prepayment penalty of $1,298,800.00 will be due and 

owing.

Additionally, both Notes provide for a late charge of five percent (5%) as liquidated 

damages on any amount not paid within 10 days. JX85 at 2; JX134 at 1. The amount of late 

charges accrued on the Loan before default total $12,505.39, consisting $8,294.16 from the 

Permanent Note and $4,211.23 from the Interim Note. JX754

ii. Judgment Against Guarantors

The plain language contained in Guaranty Agreements guaranties unto Crown the 

“prompt payment, when due, whether by maturity, acceleration or otherwise, of all present or 

future obligations or liabilities of the Borrower to the Bank, whether now existing or arising after 

the date of this Guaranty ... together with all modifications, extensions, or renewals of the 

obligations or liabilities.” Guarantees of Payment at 1. The Guarantees of Payment cover 

obligations and liabilities incurred by MRPC in any capacity. Guarantees of Payment at 1. 

Therefore, the Court finds that the damages due to the breach of the Guaranty Agreements by the 

Guarantors is in the same amount as the monetary relief against MRPC. 

iii. Additional Relief

Crown asks for specific declarations regarding foreclosures, assignments, etc. The Court 

will not provide specific judgments or declarations on these requests. Instead, the Court 

concludes and holds that Crown is entitled to exercise its rights (i.e., foreclosure, assignment, 
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etc.) in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, the Notes, the Security Agreement, the 

Guaranty Agreements, the Mortgages, and the Assignment of Leases and Rents. 

iv. Attorneys’ Fees

Pursuant to the Loan Documents, as set forth in detail above, Crown is entitled to receive 

attorneys’ fees for its successful prosecution of the Counterclaims. Specifically, the Notes 

provide that “the Borrower shall pay all cost of collection of any and all sums due and owing 

hereunder and not paid, including without limitation court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees in 

connection with the collection of any sums.” JX85 at 3; JX134 at 2. Moreover, the Guarantees 

of Agreement cover all obligations and liabilities incurred by MRPC in any capacity; these 

obligations and liabilities explicitly include “interest and all reasonable fees, costs, expenses, 

attorneys’ fees and other costs of collection incurred or paid by [Crown].” Guarantees of 

Payment at 1. 

The broadest language governing attorneys’ fees is found in the MRPC Mortgages and

Guaranty Mortgages, specifically mandating that the Mortgagor, MRPC or the Guarantors, shall 

reimburse Mortgagee, or Crown, for all reasonable costs and counsel fees incurred “[i]f 

Mortgagee employs an attorney to collect any of the indebtedness or to enforce performance of 

the obligations, covenants and agreements secured hereby, or to advise Mortgagee with respect 

to its rights and remedies hereunder and under the Note in case of an Event of Default or 

threatened Event of Default.” JX86 at 7; JX135 at 7; Guaranty Mortgages at 7-8. With respect 

to supplemental litigation, Crown is involved in litigation with MRPC in New Jersey and 

Maryland, as well, pertaining to disputes arising out of the Loan Documents. TT:10/7, 229:17-

230:12. 
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Crown Bank is directed to submit an affidavit detailing those costs within thirty (30) days 

from the date of this Decision after Trial. 

Dated: December 26, 2017

Wilmington, Delaware

 /s/Eric M. Davis _ 

Eric M. Davis, Judge