United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## A mendment to Heat treatment T314

- a in the Plant Protection and Quarantine Treatment Manual

Treatment Evaluation Document

Date : Aug ust 28, 2013

Treatments, Pests, Commodities and Countries

New Treatment/

Revision/Deletion Treatment

Type Target Pests Commodity Applicable Countries of origin

Treatment

revision (T314

- a) Heat Asian longhorned

beetle ( Anoplophora glabripennis ) all ha rdwood regulated

articles including firewood from Asian longhorned beetle quarantine areas All

Objective: To provide supporting information and justification for a proposed change to phytosanitary treatment in APHIS Treatment Manual. The change is to he lp continue

trade of all regulated articles and hardwood firewood in areas infested with Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky).

Overview: T he regulated articles to prevent the spread of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)

are list ed on 7 CFR 301.51

- 2

. Currently, ALB regulated articles are treated as described by T314

- c in the Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) Treatment Manual.

T314

- c requires heating the core of the largest piece of wood to 71 degrees Celsius and maintaining that temperature for 75 minutes. This is the most stringent heat treatment available for firewood and is effective for all known forest pests and all regulated wood articles as per 7 CFR 319.40

- 1

. The u se of T314

- c imposes significant additional costs

be cause as much as one

- third more heat energy must be introduced into the heat

treatment chamber than the heat energy necessary with T314

- a . It is also important to note that during periods of cold weather some heat treatment facilities in N orthern states

h ave difficulty reaching and holding the temperatures necessary to correctly apply this

treatment. Since r eaching and maintaining the current treatment temperature in current lumber kilns and other wood ovens has been difficult and expensive, APHIS’ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology ( CPHST ) conducted a study to determine the thermal death point of ALB in firewood to e sta blish a heat treatment specifi c for ALB (Myers and Bailey, 2011).

Evaluation: Results from experiments conducted by CPHST in dicate that 56 ° C core temperature for 30 minutes is effective in eliminating survival of overwintering larvae2

(Myers and Bailey, 2011) . However, to ensure heat treatments are effective, the ALB Eradication Program is recommending a more conservative appro ach of treating firewood

at 60 ° C for 60 minutes , as outlined in Treatment T314

- a ; currently approved for E merald

A sh B orer (EAB) regulated articles . This approach provides one treatment standard for

both ALB and EAB.

Revision of Treatment T314

- a : In orde r for the trade of wood products to continue
unaffected, the treatment schedule T 314

- a is proposed to heat treat all h ardwood

f irewood from ALB q uarantined a reas

. The revised treatment schedule would appear as
follows :

T314

- a Regulated Wood Articles 2,3 , from Quarantine Areas for Emerald Ash Borer and Asian Longhorned Beetle.

Pests: Agrilus planipenni s (Emerald Ash Borer), and Anoplophora glabripennis ( Asian Longhorned Beetle )

.

T reatment: T314

- a

— Heat Treatment Unit Temperature Time (mi nutes)

°F 140 60

°C 60 60

2 Emerald Ash Borer regulated articles include: firewood of all hardwood (non

- coniferous) species, nursery stock, green lumber, and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen, including logs, stumps, roots, branches, and comp osted and uncomposted chips of the genus Fraxinus ( 7 CFR 301.53

- 2)

3 Asian Longhorned Beetle regulated articles are firewood (all hardwood species) and green lumber and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen, inclusive of nursery stock , logs, stum ps, roots, branches, and debris of half an inch or more in diameter of the following genera: Acer (maple), Aesculus (horse chestnut),
Albizia (mimosa), Betula (birch), Celtis (hackberry), Cercidiphyllum (katsura), Fraxinus (ash),

Koelreuteria (golden rain tree), Platanus (sycamore), Populus (poplar), Salix (willow), Sorbus (mountain ash), and Ulmus (elm). (7 CFR 301.51

- 2

Decision: A mend the treatment currently provided in T314

- a to include Asian Longhorned Beetle ; all regulated articles 3 as described in 7 CFR 301.51

- 2

.

Note: Current quarantine areas for ALB can be found at : http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/asian_lhb/spro.shtml

.

Curren t quarantine areas for EAB can be found at:

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/emerald_ash_b/quarantine.shtml

Originator : Robyn Ros e, National Policy Manager, ALB Eradication Program

Reviewers: Josie Cooley, Claudia Ferguson, and Paul Gadh,

Literature cited:3

Myers, S. W. and S. Bailey. 2011. Evaluation of heat treatment schedules for the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabr ipennis (Coleoptera: Cerembycidae). Forest Products Journal. 61(1): 46

- 59.

USDA

- APHIS

- PPQ Treatment Manual