Technology Focus 

A New Technology Demonstration Publication 

DOE/EE-0315 

Leading Leading by example,

saving energy and saving energy and 

taxpayer dollars

in federal facilities

Hybrid Solar Lighting Illuminates 

Energy Savings for Government Facilities 

New technology provides high-quality lighting for facilities 

and reduces waste heat to lower energy loads 

Overview 

Artificial lighting accounts for the largest component of electricity use in commercial 

U.S. buildings. Hybrid solar lighting provides an exciting new means of reducing 

energy consumption while also delivering significant benefits associated with natural 

lighting in commercial buildings. Hybrid solar lighting contributes to meeting the 

requirements set by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 for renewable energy consumption 

by the federal government to be not less than 3% in FY 2007–2009, 5% in 

FY 2010–2012, and 7.5% in 2013 and thereafter. 

The hybrid lighting technology was originally developed for fluorescent lighting 

applications but recently has been enhanced to work with incandescent accent-lighting 

sources, such as the parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) lamps commonly used 

in retail spaces. Commercial building owners—specifically retailers—use the lowefficiency PAR lamps because of their desirable optical properties and positive impact 

on sales. Yet the use of this inefficient lighting results in some retailers’ spending 

55–70% of their energy budgets on lighting and lighting-related energy costs. Fig. 1. Tracking solar collector 

Hybrid Solar Lighting — Benefits Hybrid lighting has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption while 

• Improved lighting quality also maintaining or exceeding lighting quality requirements. Implementation of the 

• Reduced energy usage hybrid solar lighting technology across the United States would represent significant 

• Reduced building cooling load energy savings to the country and would provide building managers with a near-term, 

2 • Reduced CO emissions energy-efficient, higher quality, economically viable alternative to incandescent lamps. 

• Non-energy benefits to building owner/ 

manager such as improved employee Artificial lighting accounts for almost a quarter of the energy consumed in commercial 

productivity and wellness and 

increased sales 

Bringing you a prosperous Bringing you a prosperous 

future where energy is

clean, abundant abundant, reliable,

and affordable

buildings and 10–20% of energy consumed by industry. Solar lighting can significantly 

reduce artificial lighting requirements and energy costs in many commercial 

and industrial buildings and in institutional facilities such as schools, libraries, and hospitals. 

Future R&D is aimed at enhancing the performance and reliability of the technology as well as 

extending the application of the system to work with newly emerging solid-state lighting sources. 

The hybrid solar lighting technology delivers the benefits of natural lighting with the advantages 

of an electric lighting system—flexibility, convenience, reliability, and control—and overcomes the 

constraints that marginalized the use of daylighting in the 20th century. 

Internet: www.eere.energy.gov/femp/ 

No portion of this publication may be altered in any form without 

prior written consent from the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy 

Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the authoring national laboratory. 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy 
Technology Focus 

Fig. 2. Conceptual illustration of a hybrid solar lighting system. 

Principles of Operation 

The hybrid solar lighting system uses 

a roof-mounted solar collector 

(Fig. 1) to concentrate visible sunlight 

into a bundle of plastic optical fibers. 

The optical fibers penetrate the roof 

and distribute the sunlight to multiple 

“hybrid” luminaires within the building 

(Fig. 2). The hybrid luminaires blend 

the natural light with artificial light 

(of variable intensity) to maintain a 

constant level of room lighting. One 

collector powers about eight fluorescent 

hybrid light fixtures, which can 

illuminate about 1000 square feet. 

When sunlight is plentiful, the fiber 

optics in the luminaires provides all 

or most of the light needed in an area. 

During times of little or no sunlight, a 

sensor controls the intensity of the 

artificial lamps to maintain a desired 

illumination level. Unlike conventional 

electric lamps, the natural light 

produces little to no waste heat, having 

an efficacy of 200 lumens/Watt (l/W), 

and is cool to the touch. This is because 

the system’s solar collector removes the 

infrared (IR) light from the sunlight— 

the part of the spectrum that generates 

much of the heat in conventional bulbs. 

Because the optical fibers lose light as 

their length increases, it makes sense 

right now to use hybrid solar lighting in 

top-story or single-story spaces. The 

current optimal optical fiber length is 

50 feet or less. 

The hybrid solar lighting technology can 

separate and use different portions of 

sunlight for various applications. Thus, 

visible light can be used directly for 

lighting applications while IR light can 

be used to produce electricity or generate heat for hot water or space heating. 

The optimal use of these wavelengths 

is the focus of continued studies and 

development efforts. 

ORNL Studies 

Although clean and abundant, solar 

energy is diffuse and must be captured, 

concentrated, stored, and/or converted 

. 

to be used in the highest-value energy 

form. Under DOE’s Office of Energy 

Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 

Solar Technologies Program, Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory (ORNL) has 

demonstrated the technical feasibility of 

an entirely new, highly energy-efficient 

way of lighting and heating buildings 

using the power of concentrated sunlight. ORNL is currently developing 

techniques for transporting the sun’s 

energy [visible light and radiant 

ultraviolet (UV) and IR energy] into 

buildings for use not only for interior 

lighting (as shown in Fig. 2), but for 

novel hybrid applications such as solar 

hot water heating and space heating. 

ORNL is also conducting materials 

and engineering R&D to improve the 

performance of the tracking mechanisms 

and fiber optic materials used in 

these systems. 

The goal for future hybrid solar lighting 

systems is that they be: 

•	 Multifunctional—compatible with 

various electric lamps, light fixtures, 

hot water heaters, photovoltaics, 

etc., and usable for various 

applications 

•	 Reconfigurable—easily modified as 

space needs change 

•	 Seamlessly integrated—connected 

to standard power sources to ensure 

that disruptions in service do not 

occur on cloudy days or at night 

•	 Architecturally compatible— 

designed to eliminate architectural 

design hassles and maintenance 

problems limiting the use of 

solar power 

•	 Affordable 

2 –– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 
Technology Focus 

The new hybrid solar lighting strategy is 

the logical pathway for achieving these 

goals because the technology uses small, 

flexible optical fibers to deliver the 

sunlight directly to where it is needed. 

Hybrid solar lighting is applicable to 

many building types and can be used 

for a variety of lighting and heating 

applications. As a result, the potential 

near-term energy savings of hybrid solar 

lighting could be significant. 

Advantages of Hybrid 

Solar Lighting 

Electric lighting is the greatest consumer 

of electricity in commercial buildings 

(Fig. 4), and the generation of this 

electricity by conventional power plants 

is the building sector’s most significant 

cause of air pollution. Hybrid lighting 

can help conserve electricity in proportion to the amount of sunlight available. 

Hybrid solar lighting technology could 

benefit federal buildings, particularly 

in the Sunbelt where cooling is a 

significant source of energy use. 

Full-spectrum solar energy systems 

provide a new and realistic opportunity 

for wide-ranging energy, environmental, 

and economic benefits. Because hybrid 

solar lighting has no infrared component, 

it can be considered a high-efficiency 

light source. Other advantages of hybrid 

solar lighting are: 

•	 Roof penetrations are small and


minimal, reducing the potential


for leaks.


•	 IR and UV energy in sunlight is 

separated from the visible light, 

rather than being transmitted into 

buildings. Heating, ventilation, and 

air-conditioning (HVAC) loads are 

thus reduced by 5 to 10%, compared 

Fig. 3. In a solar lighting and power system, the roof-mounted concentrators collect 

sunlight and distribute it through the optical fibers (enlargement) to hybrid lighting 

fixtures in the building’s interior. 

Figure 4. Commercial energy end uses, from the 2005 Buildings Energy Data Book, 

U.S. Department of Energy 

(http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/?id=view_book&c=1). 

Lighting consumes almost a quarter of the electricity used in commercial buildings. 

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 3 
Technology Focus 

to buildings having conventional 

electric lighting systems. 

•	 Hybrid solar lighting systems are 

readily adaptable to commercial 

buildings with multiple floors, 

relatively low ceiling heights, and 

interior walls, though currently fiber 

optic output is optimized on the top 

two floors. A single system can 

distribute enough sunlight to 

co-illuminate several rooms in a 

typical office building. 

•	 Large portions of valuable plenum 

space—the area between the roof 

and drop ceiling—are not needed, 

so there is little competition with 

other building services, such as 

HVAC ducts, sprinkler systems, and 

electrical conduits. 

•	 Hybrid solar lighting can be used 

both for direct ambient lighting (as 

in skylights) and for indirect 

lighting, task lighting, and accent 

lighting. 

•	 In retrofit applications, hybrid 

solar lighting is easily incorporated 

into existing building designs, and 

the optical fibers can be rerouted 

to different locations as lighting 

needs change. By intentionally 

misaligning the solar collector from 

the sun, occupants can even dim or 

curtail distributed sunlight. 

Cost Considerations 

The concept of hybrid lighting has 

existed since the early 1970s, but it has 

been difficult to make the technology 

practical. Japanese researchers had earlier 

developed solar collectors with glass 

optical fibers — which are more heatresistant, but also more expensive and 

harder to work with. The glass-based 

system costs about $40,000 to illuminate 1000 square feet. Through the use 

of plastic optical fibers and components, 

ORNL has been able to cut the system 

cost significantly, moving closer to a 

target of $3,000 for a system that 

illuminates 1000 square feet (see 

timeline for cost reductions in the 

following table). When that target price 

is reached, a building owner in Hawaii 

could pay for implementing the new 

technology in just 2–3 years with the 

savings on electricity bills alone. In 

other parts of the country, where 

sunlight is less abundant and utility 

costs are lower, this payback would 

obviously take longer. 

The payback period for hybrid solar 

lighting lengthens in proportion to the 

efficiency of the electric lamps used in 

combination with distributed sunlight. 

Because linear fluorescent lamps are very 

efficient (65-90 lm/W), the models 

indicate that a hybrid configuration 

used with such lamps will require more 

than 10 years to pay for itself in most 

regions of the country during the early 

years of commercialization. As prices 

fall, hybrid solar lighting has the potential to become cost-competitive in most 

indoor lighting scenarios. 

A hybrid configuration is likely to 

extend the typical life of incandescent 

and/or halogen lamps. When incandescent lamps are dimmed, filament 

temperatures decrease. As filament 

temperatures decrease, life expectancy 

increases. Although the lamps will last 

longer, a penalty in efficiency occurs 

because cooler filaments are generally 

less efficient at radiating visible light. 

In contrast to roof penetrations for 

skylights, penetrations for hybrid solar 

lighting are few and small, reducing the 

potential for leaks. 

As R&D improves system performance, 

increases system lifetime, and reduces 

system price, and as the secondary benefits of the technology are demonstrated 

(e.g., improved employee productivity), 

hybrid solar lighting will move into the 

larger market of existing buildings that 

use all fluorescent lighting. 

Projected Hybrid Solar 

Lighting Savings 

By the year 2012, hybrid solar lighting 

should be saving the nation more than 

50 million kWh/year while also dramatically improving lighting quality in 

commercial buildings. Through 

commercialization efforts with industry partners, more than 5000 hybrid 

Timeline for price reductions in hybrid solar lighting 

Cost element 2006 2007 

(product launch) 

2012 

System cost $20,000 $16,000 $3,000 

Installation cost $4,000 $3,000 $1,000 

. 

4 –– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 
Technology Focus 

solar lighting systems will be installed Hybrid solar lighting technology could replace less efficient 

by 2012 in regions of the United States 

where solar availability and electricity 

rates make this technology costeffective to consumers. A system tailored 

to commercial buildings with mixed 

fluorescent and incandescent lighting 

(commonly found in retail applications) is likely to be the first application 

of this technology that will succeed in 

the marketplace. For this application, 

a system price of $4000 (installed) has 

been identified as necessary to produce 

energy savings of 50 million kWh/year 

by 2012. 

Availability 

The components of the hybrid solar 

lighting system are commercially 

available. ORNL is partnering with 

industry suppliers of collectors, fiber 

optic distribution systems, and 

luminaries (light fixtures) to transfer the 

technology and make it cost-effective. 

ORNL maintains patents on the 

technology and anticipates that the 

bundled package will be commercially 

available in 2007. 

Potential Candidates for Hybrid 

Solar Lighting 

The first commercial use for hybrid solar 

lighting will probably be on the upper 

two floors of buildings having the 

following characteristics: 

(1) Sunbelt location in areas where 

daytime electricity prices are highest; 

(2) occupied every day, including 

weekends; and 

(3) lighting quality (or color rendering) 

is important and less-efficient 

electric lamps are currently used. 

conventional electric lamps. 

Hybrid solar lighting is being targeted 

first for commercial buildings because 

in these buildings lighting can account 

for the largest part of the electricity 

bill. Residential uses may be farther 

down the road because the cost advantages there are not as great. However, 

federal sites would benefit from using 

hybrid solar lighting technology because 

decreased use of conventional electric 

lamps and the air-conditioning loads 

associated with them would result in 

energy savings. 

Additional benefits would include 

improved lighting quality and positive 

environmental impacts from reducing 

the need to generate electricity. New 

construction projects create outstanding opportunities for holistic building 

designs that utilize highly efficient 

systems that can create satisfying 

working and living environments with 

minimized operating costs. Successfully 

balancing these factors against cost and 

scheduling issues is the key to creating a 

well designed and efficiently operating 

building. 

New Developments in Hybrid 

Solar Lighting Technology 

In FY 2005, a fabrication technique was 

identified for manufacturing an acrylic 

Type of Lighting Typical energy efficiency 

(approx. lm/W) 

Incandescent 15 

Fluorescent 75 

Hybrid Solar 200 

mirror that meets the tolerances and 

requirements of a hybrid solar lighting 

solar collector. A 48-in.-diameter parabolic acrylic mirror is being fabricated 

by Bennett Mirrors of New Zealand. 

Early efforts appear promising, with the 

surface quality of the mirror rivaling that 

of its glass counterpart. The estimated 

cost of the new mirror is less than $300 

(as compared to $3500 for a glass 

mirror) and weighs only 9 pounds 

(as compared to 50 pounds for a glass 

mirror). Completion of a prototype 

mirror and manufacture of five mirrors 

was successful in FY 2006. 

The HSL system houses a sun tracking 

control board that is used to calculate 

the sun’s position based on latitude, 

longitude and time of day (Fig. 5). The 

control board uses a microprocessor to 

compute the astronomical equations, 

obtained by the U.S. Naval Observatory, which are good to 1/60° for the 

next 300 years. This precision allows the 

system to track at 0.1° accuracy. The 

calculations determine the positions 

in the Azimuth and Zenith EarthBased coordinate system using latitude, 

longitude, and Coordinated Universal 

Time from a global positioning system 

receiver. The positions are then converted 

to units of encoder counts for the two 

encoders used to detect the location of 

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 5 
.

Technology Focus 

Fig. 5. 

Controls enable the solar collector to track 

the sun to an accuracy of one-tenth degree. 

the collector on each axis. The controller compares the actual direction 

it is pointing to the actual computed 

position of the sun and then determines 

if the collector needs to be moved to 

match its position with that of the sun. 

The motors then move at a speed proportional to the difference in the actual 

and computed positions. This process is 

performed continuously throughout the 

day in order to track the sun accurately. 

The control board operates on a 12V 

or 24V dc supply and uses less than 

2 Watts. A photovoltaic solar cell can 

also be used to power the board. 

The development of a redesigned and 

less expensive tracking mechanism for 

the solar collector was also begun in 

FY 2005. Among suggested design 

modifications from an initial 

“manufacturability” analysis was the use 

of a high-precision linear actuator in 

6 –– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 

combination with a gear-train drive to 

reduce cost while still providing high 

tracking accuracy. The analysis indicated 

that the tracker cost could be reduced 

from $25,000 to less than $4000. In 

2007, the tracker cost is projected to be 

reduced to $5250. Detailed modeling 

and final drawings have been completed, 

and fabrication of ten new HLS3000 

solar tracking units was completed in 

FY 2006. 

Aging of the polymers used in optical 

fibers to distribute concentrated 

sunlight is still a concern, as is the need 

for more efficient methods of coupling 

converging sunlight into fiber optic 

bundles. New luminaires that provide 

seamless spatial and chromatic uniformity during transitions between natural 

and electric illuminants must be 

developed for several lighting applications. Ultimately, the advent of hybrid 

solar and solid-state lighting systems 

that use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 

capable of chromatically adapting 

to match the spectrum of sunlight 

throughout the day is expected. An early 

prototype hybrid LED/hybrid-solar 

lighting system is shown in Fig. 6. 

Prototypes are already proving that the 

hybrid solar lighting concept is viable 

both technically and economically. 

The latest prototype provides lighting 

practitioners with unprecedented design 

flexibility and control over where and 

how sunlight is used inside buildings. 

Fig. 6. LEDs now being developed will adapt to the spectrum of sunlight 

throughout the day. 
Technology Focus 

This prototype uses a bundle of 127 

small optical fibers, each of which can 

distribute 350 lumens to several different hybrid luminaires on a sunny day, 

making possible numerous daylighting 

applications. For example, some hybrid 

luminaires being developed allow hybrid 

solar lighting to be used with linear 

and compact florescent lamps and with 

incandescent/halogen lamps. 

Field Trials: 


The Sunlight Inside Initiative


During a 2006-2007 field trial program 

at ORNL entitled the “Sunlight Inside 

Initiative,” Sunlight Direct, Inc. 

(www.sunlight-direct.com), working 

in collaboration with ORNL, is 

purchasing and installing hybrid 

lighting system components for each 

participating host-site. The component 

suppliers are ready to mass-produce 

HSL components for Sunlight Direct. 

The goals of the field trial project are 

the following: 

1. Demonstrate the technical feasibility 

and energy-savings potential of hybrid 

solar lighting in the commercial 

lighting market 

2. Expose emerging hybrid solar lighting 

technology to users and stakeholders 

across the country 

3. Acquire needed experience and 

field data on hybrid solar lighting 

equipment and associated installation, 

operation, and maintenance issues 

and requirements 

4. Create an initial demand for hybrid 

solar lighting technology by installing 

100 or more units in 2008 

5. Provide an initial incentive for 

original equipment manufacturers of 

The Hybrid Lighting Partnership 

Industry, Utility, and 

State Partners 

Academic & National 

Laboratory Partners 

• 3M • Los Alamos National Laboratory 

• Advance Transformer Company • National Renewable Energy 

Laboratory 

• Advanced Lighting Systems, Inc. • Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

• Array Technologies • Ohio University 

• California Energy Commission • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 

• Enhancement Electronics, Inc. • Sandia National 

Laboratories 

• JX Crystals, Inc. • University of Nevada - Reno 

• LSI Industries, Inc. • University of Wisconsin - Madison 

• Protomet • University of Arizona - Tucson 

• ROC Glassworks 

• Science Applications Int’l Corp. Partnering Sponsors 

• Sacramento Municipal 

Utility District 

• U.S. DOE 

(EERE and Fossil Energy) 

• Sunlight Direct, Inc. • California Energy Commission 

• The Watt Stopper • Tennessee Valley Authority 

• Tennessee Valley Authority 

• Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 7 
Technology Focus 

hybrid solar lighting to begin investing 

in automation of component-level 

manufacturing with the goals of 

reducing costs and improving 

market viability. 

Sunlight Direct is installing systems at 

$24,000 per system for ORNL’s field 

trial program, based on individual 

interest. Built into this cost is a one-year 

service agreement that covers any 

maintenance needed on the system. 

Following the field trial, host sites 

will be offered an extended service 

agreement. All installations should be 

complete by March 2007. ORNL will 

analyze all data collected from the field 

trial program and publish the results. 

The host sites include the new research 

facilities on the ORNL campus, the 

American Museum of Science and 

Energy (AMSE) in Oak Ridge, the 

Sacramento Municipal Utility District 

in Sacramento, California, and a 

Wal-Mart store in McKinney, Texas. 

The experience gained from these sites 

and other field trials will be used to 

evaluate and improve the technology. 

The field trials will establish the hybrid 

solar lighting technology as a means 

of saving energy by reducing electrical 

loads for lighting and by decreasing the 

amount of heat generated by lighting, 

thereby decreasing air conditioning 

costs. This is particularly important in 

regions where facilities face high peak 

demand charges on hot summer days. 

Also, the daylighting character of hybrid 

solar lighting can greatly improve 

lighting quality by providing fullspectrum, high-color, low-temperature 

lighting. Studies have shown that 

daylighting can increase productivity in 

both the workplace and the classroom. 

Hybrid Lighting Partnership 

A broad-based public–private alliance is 

working to commercialize hybrid solar 

lighting. The Hybrid Lighting Partnership includes the organizations listed in 

the following table. The partnership’s 

mission is to develop and deploy hybrid 

solar lighting worldwide early in the 

21st century. By 2020 in the United 

States, hybrid solar lighting is expected 

to provide: 

•	 annual energy savings of more than 

30 billion KWh (> 0.3 Quads), 

•	 reductions in carbon emissions 

exceeding 5 megatonnes of carbon 

per year, and 

•	 total economic benefits exceeding 

$5 billion. 

The partnership will improve quality 

of life by providing more efficient and 

affordable solar energy, cleaner air, 

lower utility bills during peak demand 

periods, and a healthier, more 

productive work environment. 

Future of Hybrid Solar Lighting 

Electricity use for artificial lighting in 

commercial building space costs building 

owners nearly $17 billion a year 

(personal communication, Energy 

Information Administration). Despite 

the high energy consumption and cost 

of electric lighting, natural lighting 

from conventional options such as 

skylights and windows illuminates only 

a tiny fraction of existing commercial 

buildings. This limited use of natural 

lighting is a result of the architectural 

limitations of skylights and windows 

and the uncontrollable nature of the 

sunlight itself (i.e., it fluctuates in 

intensity, and it can be highly 

directional, producing glare and 

unwanted heating). 

The future is bright for hybrid solar 

lighting. The nationwide field trial 

program will provide system performance data and user feedback essential 

for successful use of this solar energy 

technology. During the field trial 

program R&D will continue at ORNL 

in collaboration with industry and 

university partners to lower component 

costs, improve the longevity of optic 

fibers, and advance system control. 

New solid-state (LED) hybrid 

luminaires are also being researched 

for increased energy efficiency. Exciting 

new areas of R&D for ORNL and its 

industry and university partners 

include utilizing hybrid solar lighting 

technology for space heating, water 

heating, and hydrogen production. 

. 

8 –– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 
Technology Focus 

References 

Earl, D, and J. D. Muhs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Preliminary Results on Luminaire Designs for Hybrid 


Solar Lighting Systems,” paper presented at Forum 2001: Solar Energy: The Power to Choose, April 21–25, 2001, 


Washington, D.C. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.


Earl, D. D., and L. C. Maxey, “Alignment of an Inexpensive Paraboloidal Concentrator for Hybrid Solar Lighting 


Applications,” SPIE 48th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, Political Science and Technology. SPIE, Bellingham, 


WA. 2003.


Earl, D. D., and R. R. Thomas, “Performance of New Hybrid Solar Lighting Luminaire Design,” Proceedings of the 


2003 International Solar Energy Conference, Kohala Coast, HI, ASME, JSME, and JSES. ASME International, 


New York, NY. 2003.


Edwards, L., and P. Torcellini, A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants, 


NREL/TP-550-30769. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. July 2002. 


Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/ sl_related_links.html.


Heschong Mahone Group, Inc., “Daylighting and Productivity,” 


http://www.h-m-g.com/ projects/daylighting/projects-PIER.htm.


Maxey, L. C., D. D. Earl, and J. D. Muhs, “Luminaire Development for Hybrid Solar Lighting Applications,” 


SPIE Proceedings Series, San Diego, CA, International Society for Optical Energy. SPIE, Bellingham, WA. 2003.


Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-Spectrum Solar 


Energy Systems,” paper presented at SOLAR2000 Conference, American Solar Energy Society, June 16–21, 2000, 


Madison, WS. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.


Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-Spectrum Solar 


Energy Systems,” paper presented at SOLAR2000 Conference, American Solar Energy Society, June 16–21, 2000, 


Madison, WS. Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/sl_related_links.html.


Muhs, J. D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Hybrid Solar Lighting Doubles the Efficiency and Affordability of 


Solar Energy in Commercial Buildings,” CADDET Energy Efficiency Newsletter, No. 4 (2000), pp. 6–9. 


Online at http://www.eere.energy.gov/ solar/sl_related_links.html.


Schlegel, G.O., F. W. Burkholder, S. A. Klein, W. A. Beckman, B. D. Woods, and 


J. D. Muhs, “Analysis of a Full-Spectrum Hybrid Lighting System,” Solar Energy, 

Volume 76, Issue 4. April 2004. 

Ashdown, B.G., D. J. Bjornstad, G. Boudreau, M. V. Lapsa, B. Shumpert, and F. Southworth, Assessing Consumer 

Values and Supply-Chain Relationships for Solid State Lighting Technologies, ORNL/TM-2004/80. Oak Ridge National 

Laboratory. June 2004. 

National Mental Health Association, “Seasonal Affective Disorder” 

http://www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/27.cfm. 

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 9 
Technology Focus 

Hybrid Solar Lighting Information and Resources 

ORNL Hybrid Solar Lighting R&D Program: www.ornl.gov/solar 

Data from the Energy Information Administration: www.eia.doe.gov 

Discovery Channel Canada story: 

http://www.exn.ca/dailyplanet/view .asp?date=4/1/2005 

(click on “A Second Look at Solar Power” — second listing) 

“Bringing a little sunshine into our lives: Hybrid solar lighting may be next big 

thing,” MSNBC article: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7287168/ 

“An Even Smarter Lighting System,” Building Magazine’s December 2006 issue. 

http://www.buildings.com/Articles/detailBuildings.asp?Article ID=3458. 

“Hybrid Solar Lighting Technology...Soon to Shine on the Commercial Scene!” 

Electronic Line magazine, Sept/Oct 2006, Volume 12, Number 5. 

http://mag1.olivesoftware.com/ActiveMagazine/getBook.asp? 

Contact Information 

Melissa Voss Lapsa, Manager 

Solar Technologies Program 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

P.O. Box 2008, Building 5800 

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6054 

Phone: 865-576-8620 

Fax: 865-576-0279 

lapsamv@ornl.gov 

www.ornl.gov/solar 

. 

10 –– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 
Technology Focus 

FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 11 
92

William Lintner

New Technology Demonstration

 Program Manager

Federal Energy Management 

 Program

U,S. Department of Energy

1000 Independence Ave, SW, EEWashington, DC 20585

Phone: (202) 586-3120

Fax: (202) 586-3000

william.lintner@ee.doe.gov

Steven A. Parker

Pacific Northwest National

 Laboratory

P.O. Box 999, MSIN: K5-08

Richland, WA 99352

Phone: (509) 375-6366

Fax: (509) 375-3614

steven.parker@pnl.gov

Technical Contact

Michael Kintner-Meyer

Pacific Northwest National

Laboratory

P.O. Box 999, MSIN: K5-08

Richland, WA 99352

Phone: (509) 375-4306

Fax: (509) 375-3614

Michael.Kintner Meyer@pnl.gov

Produced for the U.S. Department

of Energy, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, by the Pacific

Northwest National Laboratory

DOE/EE-0000

xxxx 2006 

General Contacts

Log on to FEMP’s Web site for information 

about New Technology Demonstrations 

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/ 

You will find links to 

• 	A New Technology Demonstration Overview 

• 	Information on technology demonstrations 

• 	Downloadable versions of publications in Adobe Portable 

 Document Format (pdf) 

• 	A list of new technology projects under way 

• 	Electronic access to a regular mailing list for new products 

 when they become available 

• 	How Federal agencies may submit requests to us to assess

 new and emerging technologies 

DISCLAIMER 

This report was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, 

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program. 

Neither the United States Government nor any agency or contractor thereof, nor 

any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any 

legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of 

any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its 

use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any 

specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, 

manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its 

endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any 

agency or contractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed 

herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or 

any agency or contractor thereof. 

A Strong Energy Portfolio 

for a Strong America 

Energy efficiency and clean, renewable 

energy will mean a stronger economy, 

cleaner environment, and greater 

energy independence for America. 

Working with a wide array of state, 

community, industry, and university 

partners, the U.S. Department of 

Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy invests in a 

diverse portfolio of energy technologies. 

For More Information 

EERE Information Center 

1-877-EERE-INF 

1-877-337-3464 

www.eere.energy.gov/femp 

General Contacts 

Will Lintner 

Team Lead, RSTT 

Federal Energy 

Management Program 

U.S. Department of Energy 

1000 Independence Ave, SW 

EE-92 

Washington, DC 20585 

Phone: (202) 586-3120 

Fax: (202) 586-3000 

william.lintner@ee.doe.gov 

Technical Contact 

Melissa Voss Lapsa, Manager 

Solar Technologies Program 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

P.O. Box 2008, Building 5800 

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6054 

Phone: 865-576-8620 

Fax: 865-576-0279 

lapsamv@ornl.gov 

www.ornl.gov/solar 

DOE/EE-0315 

April 2007 

-

U.S. Department of Energy 

No portion of this publication may be altered in any form without Energy Efficiency prior written consent from the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy and Renewable Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the authoring national laboratory.