UNITED STATES ARMY 

ENGINEER CENTER 

AND FORT BELVOIR 

Commander/Commandant 

MG James L. Kelly 

Deputy Installation Commander 

COL C.W . Guth 

Assistant Commandant 

COL Robert S. Kubby 

Command Sergeant Major 

CSM Frederick I. Eisenbart, Jr. 

DIRECTORATES 

Directorate of Evaluation 

MAJ Terrance C. Ryan 

Directorate of Training 

COL Robert E. Conroy 

Directorate of Training Developments 

COL Robert M. Bunker 

Directorate of Combat Developments 

COL Gene 8. Welch 

Defense Mapping School 

COL Hector Wood 

UNITS 

Engineer Training Brigade 

COL James H. King, Jr. 

Engineer Center Brigade 

COL David O. Cooksey 

EDITOR 

Jerome J. Hill 

STAFF WRITER 

SP4 Jim Eady 

ILLUSTRATOR 

WIlliam Ruth 

PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER 

MAJ Sandor I. Ketzls 

THE COVER 

Improvements in the Engineer Officer 

Basic Cou rse have resulted in the 

best trained engineer lieutenants in 

history . SP4 Jim Ead y , SP5 Lyn n 

Gilderhus, and Oscar Gatlin , Jr., shot 

the cover photos of Ease activities. 

See page 6 for the full story. 
YJ:ri1 enlglneer
 -

\JOLUME 10 SPRING 1980 NUMBER 1 

FEATURES 

6 NEW MOLD FOR ENGINEER LIEUTENANTS 

by SP4 Jim Eady 

11 TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED, TACTICALLY PROFICIENT 

by CPT Dana Robertson 

14 THE 18TH ENGINEER BRIGADE 

18 "MAGIC" 

by LTC Bruce W. Baumann 

20 THE TOT AL FORCE 

by CPT Barry D. Willard 

20 COMBINED ARMS TRAINING FOR THE RESERVE COMPONENTS 

by LTC William I. Travis 

24 A NEW LOOK IN TOPOGRAPHIC SUPPORT 

by COL Dan iel L. Lycan and Val E. Sellers 

28 TEC-5 YEARS LATER 

by MAJ Charles F. Hanselmann and Jerry Perlman 

30 ARTICLE 15, NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENT 

by LTC Steven Chucala 

DEPARTMENTS 

2 NEWS & NOTES 36 ENGINEER PROBLEM

5 LETTERS 37 NCO CHANNELS

32 OFFICER CAREER INFO 38 RESERVE COMPONENTS

34 ENLISTED CAREER INFO 40 THE SCHOOL SOLUTION

page 8 

page 30 

page 39 

EN GINE ER IS an auth orized oublic ano n of the U S Army Engi neer Center and Fort Balvo rr VA Unle ss spec if ic ally stated. materia l appearing 

herein does not ne cessari ly ref lect o tncr a t poh cy thinking. or endo rse men t by any agency of the U.S A rmy All pho to graph s co nt aine d he re in 

are offiCial U S Army photographs unless ot he rwise credi ted. Use ot fund s for pri ntin g th is pu blrcauo n was app rove d by Headquarters. 

Dep artm ent o f the Army . on 23 Februa ry 1979 Mate ria l herein ma y be reprint ed provid ing credit IS qrve n to ENGINEER and the auth or - Th e 

Engi neer m-ssron IS to Inc rease the und er standin g of the ro le an d Importance a t engi neers o n the ba ttl e field and to promote the professio nal 

dev elopmen t 01 all me mbers of th e Army eng inee r famil y ENGINEER provides tim ely and auth or uatrve info rrnauon 10 active Army units the 

Reserv e Com ponents training and education ce nters. fac ili ties en qrriee rs. and other branch agenc ies and act iv ities wo rldw ide - Dire ct corre ­

sp ondence With ENG INEER IS au thor tzed and encour ag ed lnqumes , letters to th e edito r. ma nuscripts . ph otographs . and general co rr esp ondence Shou ld be sent to ' Ed itor ENGINEER Maqaz me U S Ar my Eng in eer Center. For: Batvor-: VA 22060 Telep hone AUT OV ON 

354·500 1 or Comrnercra! 70 3-664·5001 ,3082 If a re turn 01 manus cripts o r material IS deSire d a self-address ed stampe d envelope IS requ rred 

- ENG INEER IS available by sub scnpnon thro ugh the Sup erint endent of Documenls. U S Government Prrnunq Office. Wa shington . DC 

20402 A check or mo ney order . pay able to Su pe rin tendent o f Docum ents. mus t ac compan y all subsc nptron requests Subs cn ptron rares are 

S5 50 for domest ic (in clud ing APO and FPO ) add resses and $6 90 lor foreig n add res ses Indi vidual cop ies are als o available at $3 25 per 

copy for domestic add ress es and $4 10 per co py for fore ign addresses _ Contro lled circu ranoo po stage paid at Wa sh in gton , 0 C 
M NEWS &NOTES
 

Personnel from three e ng inee r baual­ road thai had been rel ocated and cl osed 

ion s a t Fort Bragg, N .C. -the 27th , to public traffic in pre paration for the 

307th, and 54 8th -recentl y dem oli shed imp oun dment. Th e dcrn ohtions exercise 

five highway bridges locat ed within the UP IN SMOK~ expo sed the Wilm in gton Civ il Works 

B . Ev erett Jordan Re ser voir area that IS staff to a military op eration a nd, at the 

sc hed uled for impoundment in the Wi I­ same tim c , pro vided troop s with re ali smingo n, N.C . Corps of En gineer s Dis­ uc tr ain ing. 

tri ct. Ea ch brid ge wa s on a seconda ry 

TOPO LAR SUPPORTS MX MISSILE 

Th e latest member s of the Corp s of Engi neers famil y 

to join in suppo rt of the M X M issile Pr o gram a re 

geodesis ts and eng ine ers at the Engin eer Top ographi c 

Lab or atories (ETL) . Th e ir j ob for the next six years will 

be to develop the prec ise survey technology needed to 

pinpoint the network of 4,600 missil e shelte rs. ETL has 

be en tasked by the Corp s and the Def en se Mapping 

Age ncy to incre ase the pr eci sio n of ex isting inertial surveyin g sy stems and eve ntually to produce a new syst em 

that will be more accurate than an y now availa ble . Th e 

immediate ta sk is to test and perh ap s mod ify the auto ­

mated equipment fo r land surv eys that has been used by 

so me Corps divisions and distri cts a s well as by the 

Defense Mapping Ag ency . 

B/76 MOVES TO FORT DRUM 

Company B, 76 th Engineer Battalion (CH) will permanentl y tran sfer fro m Fort Meade , MD , to Fo rt Drum , 

N.Y . , in April. Fort Drum ha s a requirem ent for increased engineer effort to enha nce the readine ss and 

quality of life of the large number of soldiers and unit s 

that train there . Th e Army announced last year that an 

engineer battalion will be permanentl y stat ioned at Fort 

Drum during the next three years . Compa ny B is the 

first company to be statio ne d there . Th e remaining 

companies necessar y to co m plete a battal ion will be 

se lected lat er. Company B' s authori zed stre ng th is 194 . 

In mid-J anu ary , the assigned strength wa s 135. 

2 SPRING 1980 
BA1'1'ALi ON MASC OT 

RECR UITER DRAFT SET 

The 11th Engi nee r Battali on ,
 

whi ch ha s wo rn a black pa nthe r
 

Approximately 1,000 soldie rs will be se lected for in­
 uni t cre st fo r more than 50 yea rs, 

volun tary rcc ru iting du ty by the end of Ma rch to hel p o ffic ial ly ado pted a re al blac k 

mee t FY SO recruiting goals, ac cording to DA offic ials. panther as its mascot dur ing reA test of invo luntary recruiting assign ment s was co n­ cen t ce remonies at Fo rt Bel voir, 

du eled duri ng FY 79 for 'abo ut 500 NCOs se lected from VA. A repre sent ative of the Na ­

CONUS posts. The progr am was expended 10 ov erse as tion al Zoo , whe re the two- ye ar ­

commands for f Y 80 and invo lves sho rter ove rseas old fema le c at wi ll re mai n, acto urs for some soldiers . For the pre sent , so ldiers In the cepted offic ial ord ers and dog ta gs 

foll owing MOS are not be ing sel ected: 05H, IIH , 13F, du ring the cere moni es . Th e car 's 

2

••• 

l 6R, 27 F, 3 1E, 31S, 35M , 45K, 97 8, and 98C. Th is name is Nak i, which means " delist , how ev er , is subject to c hange without pri or noti ce. stroye r" in one Afri ca n di alect. 

PEOP LE 

The first en ginee r officer to be sleeted 

for pro mot ion to tempora ry br igadier 

general fro m a faciliti es en gineer ing slot 

is CO L Mark J. S isin yak , Fo ur othe r 

engine er o ffice rs we re also selec ted fo r 

the BG List, incl udi ng COL Richard S. 

Kern, CO L Do na ld R . Mor elli, COL 

Dona ld M . osi-t. and COL George 

W . W it h ers . J r. . . . . D r . J am e s 

Chormo kos, Jr ., IS the ne w chief of the 

Rese arch a nd De vel opmen t Office , U.S . 

Corps o f Eng ine ers . . . . . Loyd A . 

Duscha is the new c hief of the Enginee ring Div ision, Civi l Wor ks Directorate , OCE. 

1980 ENGINEER DIRECTORY 

The 1980 Co rp s of Engi neers Officer 

and Warrant Officer Directo ry is no w 

avail abl e throu gh the Mai n Po st Ex ­

cha nge at Fo rt Bel voir , VA . The price is 

$1.60 per co py. The Directory inclu de s 

the nam es and add resses of all Primary 

and Alte rna te Spec ialty 2 1 officers and 

those offic ers with a co ntrol bran ch of 

Engineers . It als o includes warrant offi ­

cers with a primary/alt ern ate specialty of 

62 1A, 81 1A, 82 1A, 833A , and 3 10A . 

NBC OLYMPICS 

Co ntesta nts race against time to treat a " victim" o n the re ac tion 

co urse du rin g the 2nd Annu al NBC Ol ymp ics hosted by the 7t h En ­

ginee r Brigade in Kornwes the im. Ger many. Th e 237th Engi neer Battali on won the reaction co urse competition, but the 9th Enginee r Batta lion too k top unit hon ors by pl acin g firs t , sec o nd , or tb ird in e ac h of 

five events . Othe r eve nts inclu ded th e fr ee-style deco ntami nation co ntest. the one kilometer re lay, the SaO-me ter run , and vo lleyball. The 

purpose of the NBC Oly mpics is to foc us atten tion on nuc lea r, bio logi ­

cal, and che mica l tra ming , and to inc rease unit readi nes s. (Pho to by 

PVT W ins ton Wil son ) 

ENGINEER 3 
n NEWS & NOTES
 

PURCHASE POSTPONED 

Pr ocurement act io n for the Ribbon Brid ge Erectio n Boat (RB EB) 

has be e n po stponed pe nding a n 

e va lua tio n of the United Kingdom 

Combat S uppo rt Bo at (C SS) and a 

sim ilar boat d esi gn ed by Alcoa . 

Upo n co m pletio n o f the testing in 

Jul y . a selection o f one of the 

three boats und er c o nsid er at io n 

will be made and a le tte r co ntrac t 

a wa rd ed not la te r than 30 September. Subsequ ent tn the c an ­

ce llation o f the pr o curement action , the Offi ce of the Deputy Assista n t Secre ta ry of the Arm y 

(Acq uisitio n) withdrew app ro va l 

of the procurement plan for the 

stand ard bo at with weld ed hull . A 

new o r updated procurement pl an 

mu st be approved before further 

pro curement acti on can be taken. 

FACTS AND FIGURES 

Milit ar y stre ng th figu re s fo r 30 

Nove m be r 1979 we re: total DOD 

2,029 ,194 ; Army. 76 5 .6 02; Nav y . 

52 1,337; Manne Corps. 183,793 ; 

Air Force. 558.462. Th ese figure s 

represent full-lim e military perso nne l com pr is ing both regulars 

and re serve s o n COn l ll1UOUS acti ve 

duty . a s we l l as o ffic e r c a ndi ­

d ales, cad ets att e nd ing Army and 

Ai r Force mil itar y aca d emi es, an d 

rnidsh ip ment at the Naval Ac ad ­

emy . The Army fig u re s include 

more th an 40 0 ge ne ra l offi cers. 

As o f 3 0 N o ve m ber. brigadi er 

g ener als numbered 208 , m aj or 

gen erals 164. and lieutenant generals 3 2 . Nine offi cers , in addition to General Ed ward C . Meyer, 

Army Chief o f St aff , held the rank 

o f ge ne ra l (fo ur st ars): Bernard 

W . Ro gers, Will iam A . Kn owlton , Frederick 1. Kroc sen . John 

W . Vesse y , Jr, John R . Guthrie , 

D onn A . Starr y , Rob ert A . 

S hoe ma ker, J ohn A . Wi ckham. 

Jr. , and Volney F . W arner. 

ORGANIZAnON DAY 

Soldiers o f the 79 th Engi neer Batt al io n in Karl suhe , German y , com pet e in 

the pie ea ting contest during the unit's O rg anizatio n Da y activiti es last Sep ­

te mbe r. Ot her ac tivin e s included a nail dri vin g conte st, egg to ssm g, wood 

cho ppi ng , log sawing . and se veral races. But fro m (he looks o f It, the pie 

d ivers had the mo st fun . (Photo by PVT Jame s Hone yw ell ) 

4 SPRING 1980 
M LETTERS
 

" MGB MYTHS AND 

MISUNDERST ANDI NGS " 

De ar S ir, 

In th e Fall 1979 issue. Capt a in Hambri cx a rt ic le. " M G B M yths a nd Misunerst an din laid (0 re st an y techn ical 

doubts on the subj ec t. How e ver. he also 

c ha lle ng e d the d o ctrinal issue of a 

m ulti -bridge (M G B/ Ba ileyl compa ny 

proposed by Major Ram sey in the Wimer 

1978 issu e . E ac h autho r listed basi call y 

o nly tw o a rg ume nts fo r/ag a ins t th is pr opo sal. Pro ar guments detail ed the no nlikel y assault ro le of eithe r pan el bri d ge 

a nd the ability to resp ond to the mo st 

likely requ irement. Rebutt als listed the 

di ff iculty of dual tr aining/readiness and 

co m ma nd/co ntro l o f wid el y se pa ra ted 

work parti es. Ca pta in Hambric departed 

fro m his expertise in his ha ste to defend 

a single brid ge com pa ny, for both of his 

arguments app ly to ei the r conce pt. As 

separate companies, e ach has th e c ap abilit y to e rec t two brid ge s sim ulta ne ­

ou sly in w idel y sepa ra ted lo c at ion s. 

This possibility IS independent of the 

sing le- ve rsus -mult iple brid ge co nce pt. It 

is e xpec ted th at the higher headquarters 

wou ld strive to keep missi ons within a 

cl o se proximity whe n pos sible. When 

this is not possibl e, the pl atoon le ad er 

and platoon NCOs have all the ability to 

o pe rate a lo ne, so me th ing Captain Hambri c seems to d ou bt . S econdl y , dual 

(M G B/Bailey) tra ining is required for all 

personne l o f th e co m pany who po ssess 

MOSC 12C , Bridge Crewman . They 

must pass SQT in the technical aspects 

o f both bridges. These asset s are here to 

st ay . The Bail ey o utn umbe rs MGB mo re 

than six to one ( 12 to I in Europe) . 

Maintain ab il ity is mo stl y a fun cti on of 

money, as sa ndb las ti ng and painting 

w ill rest o re servi ceability . S im p le 

arithmeti c w ill sh ow that an MGB Com ­

pan y wi ll be hard pressed to av o id 

erec ting Bailey . Erec tio n sets are als o in 

stock and th e MGB ha s o ne more tha n 

the required 29 five-ton dump tru ck s to 

pi ck up a se t. Therefore, th e ad va ntages 

proposed by M aj or Ramsey are more 

th an so un d . S e riou s c onsid e ration 

s ho uld be g ive n to the d ual missio n 

compa ny . T OE need not be changed ; the 

imple me ntatio n of this co nce pt can be 

accomplish ed by MTO E . And ac compl ish ed it sho uld be , fo r an additi on al 

rea so n: combat sup por t assets must be 

minimized 'to all o w th e ma ximum of 

com bat ass e ts , includi ng en gin e er asse ts , to be d epl oyed forward in E uro pe. 

DO UGLAS K. Lehmann 

Fa lls Church , V A 

"CHALLENGES TO ENGINEER 

DOCTRINE" 

De ar Sir, 

Thi s le tte r is a d d resse d 10 M ajo r 

Steph en E . Draper 's a rt ic le . . 'Cha lle nge s to Eng inee r Do ctrine . " w hic h 

a ppe are d in the Fall 1979 issu e o f ENG INE ER . The co ncl usi o ns of M aj or 

Draper' s articl e o n c ha ll e nges to e ng inee r d octrine are co rrec t . and whil e 

a lrea dy in practi ce in some un its, sh oul d 

be ad opted as doc tr ine . No t too lon g 

ago , it wa s the approved sol ution to always d is me mber the Direct Supp ort 

compan y s uc h that eac h maneu ver task 

force received a platoon and each comp an y team rec eived a squad of e n ­

g ine e rs . This o fte n made me anin gful 

suppo rt impossible, si nce It str etched the 

co m mand and control , and log istica l 

suppo rt capa bi lit ies o f the com pa ny and 

plato o n he adq uarters to th e b re a k ing 

poin t. The fin a l result too ofte n was 

lost , unfed , and non-worki ng sq uad s, 

whose pl ato on le aders had become pure 

"advisors. " These prob lems are alleviated if Maj or Draper' s sug gestio n o f al ­

lo cating re sources o n a ta sk ba si s is 

adopted . Furth er, we sho uld con sider 

the enti re framewo rk o f en gineer task ­

mgs with in the di vi sion . It may become 

nece ssary to switc h the " no rma lly assoc iated " Direct S up port co mpa ny fro m 

one bri gade to an other , not wi th st and ing 

all the advantage s whi ch that associat io n 

accru es. For ex am ple. whe n the coun ­

terattack eventuall y is ma d e, the le ad 

task forces ' req uir em ents wo uld d ict ate 

an e ntire DS co m pa ny per ta sk force . 

Cle arly, t hey wil l be nee d e d, a nd 

equa lly cl earl y, Co rps co m bat 

eng in ee r units wi ll have survivabi luy 

problems . A plau srb l e so luti o n is to 

conce ntra te the d ivi sion al engi nee rs and 

let th e Co rps units fill in the " risk" 

are as. As mob ilit y a nd cou ntcr mobi l uy 

become more impor tant , we mu st ins ure 

that our eng inee rs also .. ge t there fustest 

with the m osrest . ., 

Captain Domini c Izzo 

Californ ia Institute o f Tech nol og y 

Pasad ena. CA 

UNIT LISTING 

De ar Si r: 

We , in the ROTC In stru ctor Groups, 

wh o are producing eng ineer officers, are 

in need of a curre n t listin g of engi neer 

units a nd (heir loc ati on s. Recom mend a 

future issu e inclu de curre nt loc atio ns of 

acu ve e ng ine er battali on s in CONUS 

a nd ove rseas . Th o se ov e rseas s ho uld 

also name the loc ati on and the Lip co d e . 

Simi l a r Inform ati on fo r US A R and 

ARNG units would also be he lpful and 

in formati ve to the entire Co rps . 

MAl Charles G. M ar vin 

PMS, U niv ersuy of M iss ouri -R olla 

Spac e lim itations pre cl ude publishi ng 

the addres se s and loc at ions of all Aerive 

an d Reserv e Component engineer ba ttalions at this time . Ho wever . the info rmation you req uested is available in 

the En g ineer Un its a nd Adv iso r Direclory pu blishe d by Th e Engin eer Sc hool 

and dist ribut ed to all Anive and Res erve Component engineer units co m ­

pany size and larger, The 1980 directo ry is sc hedu le d for publica tion in 

March and sho uld reach the fie ld in 

early April . You may request a copy of 

the 1980 dire ct ory by writing to : US 

Army Engin eer Sc hool. Tra ining Ma nage me nt Di vision ATTN: ATXA- DTR 

(Un i t T ra in ing) . Fort B el vo ir, V A 

22060 , or telephone co mmercial 703­

664-3008 or A UT OVON 354 -3()()8 . 

Apol o gi e s to m embers of the 2nd, 9 th, and 15th E ngine e r Battal ions fo r the in c o rrect 

iden tifica tio n of the ir re spec t ive u n it s under " Com m a nd e rs U pd a te " in the Winter 

1979- 80 issue o f E NG I N EER . The corre ct d e s ignations are: 

2nd En gineer B att a li o n 9th Enginee r Battali on (c) l5th Engine er B attal ion 

2 nd Infantry D ivi sion U S A REU R 9 th Infantry Divisi on 

C a m p C ase y , K ore a F o rt Lewi s, W A 

ENGINEER 5 


new EO BC . Students are evaluated as both leaders 

and follo we rs and counse led on their perform an ce 

in each ca tegory . Ampl e oppo rt unity is provid ed 

for se lf -improveme nt and for ac hiev ing hi gh 

st andards in academics, leade rship, and ph ysical 

fitn ess. 

Pl atoon trainer s ac tua lly co nduct about hal f of 

the training ; thu s, they playa sig nificant rol e in 

stude nt dev elopment. An integ ral pa rt of almost 

every trainin g day is " trai ner's time ," a 

replacem ent for the o ld " commander ' s tim e , " 

wh ich was essentially a free period . "Trai ner's 

time" provides students with an o ppo rtu nity to 

cla rify classroo m misunderstandings and 

misconception s, and to gai n a better persp ect ive of 

their individual pro gress. 

Captain Kerry Pierce , a gr adu ate of the old 

co urse and now an EO BC tra iner, be lieves the 

cha nges have sig nificantly up gr aded the q uality of 

instruction. 

" Whe n I we nt thr ou gh the co urse, instru ct ion 

was ve ry imperson al , " says Pi erce . " There was 

very litt le of the troop-related thi ngs th at are 

important whe n students go to the field . With the 

new pl atoon struc ture , stude nts ge t interact ion 

with a lot of troo ps , NCO s, and ex perie nce d 

office rs. It gives them a better idea of wha t they' ll 

be do ing in th eir ass ignments. " 

The dec ision to inco rpo ra te han ds-on tr aining 

into the EO BC sc hedule re sulted fro m a TR ADOC 

directive that all new lieuten ants wo uld be tra ined 

in the ind ividual task s of their enlisted 

co unterpa rts . In re spon se to the directive , 

Engineer Sc hoo l adm inis trators pinpo inted the 

skills c ritica l to en gineer lieuten ants, established 

mi nimum sta ndards of performan ce , and devised 

methods of te stin g those sk ills . 

From tha t time on, students weren' t sim ply tol d 

how to operate bulldozer s, they we re give n the 

opportunity to actua lly do it. An d to com plem ent 

the hands-on training. instruc tion was provided on 

management of personnel and eq uipme nt 

I

I 

r 

Above, EOBC student man s machine gun during reconnaissance exercise. Below. platoon trainers take time to 

evaluate students' progress during FTX 

8 SPRING 1980 
resources. Afterall , planni ng, direct ing , and 

managing are the primary tasks of new engi nee r 

lieutenant s, acco rding to Major Joel Boyd , Ch ief 

of the EO BC Training Di visi on at the Eng ineer 

Sch ool . 

" T he ha nds -o n trainin g helps students 

und erst and wh at is involv ed in so ldier tasks , " sa ys 

Boyd . " They know the impact on the so ld ier and. 

most importan tly . they kno w if the job is be ing 

do ne righ t. " 

EOBC is now co nducted in three ph ase s. each 

phase rep resenting a differ ent area of so ld ieri ng. 

The firs t phase co vers ge nera l milit ary skills, suc h 

as. physical training , rifle ma r ksmanship , and firs t 

Students at left prepare demo lition charge for Jog crib. 

Below, student reviews notes during preparations for 

FTX 

Engine er lie utenants learn tec hni ques of 

rap p elling during EOBC 

ENGINEER 9 
EOBC students use 

probe to search for mines 

during reconnaissance 

mission 

aid. The second phase deals with combat 

construction. And the third phase is strictly 

combat engineer ing . A total of 161 engineer tasks 

are taught on a " go/no-go" basis. Each student is 

permitted three chan ces to satisfactorily perform 

each task . Any student who does not get a "go" 

on every task does not graduate . Its that simple. 

Since the new curriculum includes more than 

mere classroom lectures, it may appear, on the 

surface , much tougher than the old curriculum. 

However, the hands-on concept of training has 

actuall y made the learning process easier and more 

efficient, according to Major Boyd. 

"The course is probably easier to pass now than 

before it wa s rev ised because students now have a 

chance to apply the fundamentals they 're taught in 

the classroom" says Boyd. " It makes learning 

easier. " 

The climax of EOBC is a seven-day field 

training exercise CFTX) at nearby Fort A.P . Hill. 

During the exercise . students perform a multitude 

of ta sks, including weapons qualification , tactical 

bridging, true demolitions , minefield 

reconnaissance , and route and river 

reconnaissanc e . Many tasks, such as tactical 

bridging, are accomplished during hours of 

darkness . 

The Engineer School's Directorate of Evaluation 

conducted a survey last year in an effort to 

determine the effecti vene ss of the revisions to 

EOBC . Although objec tive co nclusions could not 

be derived from the collected data, comments by 

many field commander s reinforced the belief that 

engineer lieutenants are, in fact , better trained 

than ever before . 

One commander surveyed said , " In general, the 

problem with new lieutenants is a lack of 

experience, not a lack of education or training. We 

will give them the experience . Therefore , I have 

no recommendations for EOBC training , 

whatsoever. I am perfectly satisfied with your 

product .' , 

Another commander responded , " From what I 

have heard of the new EOBC , I wish I had had the 

current course of instruction when I went through 

in 1963 . " 

There is little doubt that new lieutenants still 

require a " climatization period" when the y 

graduate from EOBC and report for the ir first duty 

assignment. But thanks in large part to the rev ised 

EOBC curriculum, the period of climatization has 

been reduced substantially in the last 2-3 years . 

EOBC still has a few "kinks " that need to be 

ironed out, but overall , it now provides the 

hands-on and leadership training required to instill 

real confide nce in new engineer lieutenants.... 

10 SPRING 1980 
I

f we are going to win the first battle of the 

next war, engineers must be doers as well as 

advi sors. We have to be an active, risk-taking 

partner with the rest of the combined arms team . 

This partnership involves providing the support 

necessary to fully use terrain and, therefore, 

enable the maneuver commander to •'fight 

outnumbered and win ." 

In addition to mastering the technical aspects of 

combat engineering, the engineer must also fully 

understand the basic doctrine and concepts of the 

manuever element. Only then can he properly 

employ all components of engineer systems to 

support the maneuver plan . The engineer's 

ignorance of maneuver tactics and operations may 

have little or no effect in a peacetime training 

environment and, in fact, may never be identified 

as a shortfall in the normal course of maneuver 

unit training. It could, however, be the difference 

between success or failure on the battlefield and . 

therefore, must concern every engineer. 

The engineer commander cannot integrate 

engineer systems with the maneuver element's 

battle plan without first understanding the tactics 

and operations of his own maneuver element and 

those of the Threat. Due to the rapid pace of 

warfare projected by Threat doctrine, the engineer 

may have to integrate engineer systems with the 

maneuver element's battle plan in the absence of 

the maneuver commander. The engineer must be 

ENGINEER 

What will it take to fully integrate 

the engineer system 

into the maneuver element's battle plan? 

Tactically 

UJhILITIPllIElQ) 9 

Technically 

]p)~CO)!PITcerrJE~il

by CPT Dana Robertson 

11 
Figure 1 . TASKING OF A DS CORPS ENGINEER BATTALION TO DIVISION 

MBA

STEP 6 • • • STEP 5 ,------L,
 STEP 4 ~DS)

[Ci2]..... ~-----------LC:!:2J~------LC:!:2J .... _ ­ RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING 

PERFORM TASKS TASKS PLATOON TASKS COMPANY 

able to take appropri ate , agg ress ive acti on based 

upon his knowledge of the tact ical situation . 

Decisions will have to be made on time and 

without erro r- the first time . 

In the past , o ur ability to integrate the engi neer 

sys te m with the maneu ver eleme nt's battl e pl an 

has ofte n been less than sa tisfactory. We ca n 

expect this situation to co ntinue as lon g as we 

consider the engineer system without firs t 

iden tifying the need s and lim itat ion s of maneu ver 

eleme nts. We mu st co ntinua lly em phas ize the 

potential of the eng inee r system as a combat 

multiplier on the battl efield . Other members of the 

co mbined arms team will dem and enginee r suppo rt 

if they are co nv inced it has value to them . 

Eng inee rs can employ various means to ga in an 

insight into man euver eleme nt tacti cs. One meth od 

involves studyi ng Field Manu als whic h form the 

ba sis for man eu ver cl ement tactics. FM 71-1 , FM 

71- 2 , and the new FM 71-1 00 should be as 

familiar to the e ngineer as FM 5-34 and the lon g 

awaited FM 5-100. 

In additi on, a knowledge of maneuver tactics 

can be gained by frequent association with the 

maneuver commander. Thi s associ ati on will allo w 

each to und erstand the other's limitat ion s and 

strongpo ints. Pertinent inf ormation sho uld be fil ed 

in the engineer's notebook for easy reference. 

For the integrat ion pro cess to be complete , the 

engineer must be acti ve during the early stages of 

the maneuver ele ment ' s planning. Terrain 

structuring , wh eth er in the offense or de fense , is 

primarily an en gin eer responsib ility wh ich must be 

accomplished prior to co mmitti ng maneu ver 

force s. To expect the eng ineer to devel op the 

terrain as an effect ive combat multipli er in the 

final stage s of pl anning is unrealisti c . 

A ben efi cial by-product of the integration 

process will be the development and 

procurement of new co mbat en ginee r 

eq uipme nt. Oth er member s of the combined arms 

team must be convinced tha t eng ineer equipment 

which enha nce s the maneuver element's mob ilit y 

and survivabilit y while reducing Threat mobility 

are as indi spen sable as new high-performance 

aircraft , XM I tank s, and infantry fightin g 

vehi cl es. 

The integrati on of the engi neer sys tem with the 

maneu ver element's battl e pl an is also re stricted 

by the mis-utiliz ation of engineers . This problem 

result s when engineer commanders ar e not 

cogniza nt of the con straints and limitation s of each 

of the var ious comma nd and suppo rt rel ationships. 

Th ese rel ation ships will ofte n ha ve an impac t upon 

engineer effo rts to adequ ately support maneuver 

elements. 

All too often , the engineer comma nder, 

especially at higher levels, opts for a support 

relation ship (DS or GS) instead of a command 

relationship (opco n or attachment). Although the 

engineer com ma nder maintains " command" over 

his subo rdinate units with a support relationship , 

he is limiting the suppor t provided to the maneuver 

element and the fle xibility of his subordinate 

e ngineer commanders to respond to the needs of 

the lower echelon s. 

When dec iding how to be st employ his 

eng ineers, the com mander mu st ex amine ever y 

aspec t of the tactic al situation, st arting with the 

need s of front line man eu ver e leme nts, down to 

a nd including task force level. For example, 

consider the situ ati on where the Corps Engineer 

has placed a corps engineer battalion DS to a 

division. Engineer requirements for the div ision 

Figure 2 . TASKING OF AN ATTACHED CORPS ENGIN~ER BATTALION TO MANEUVER BRIGADE 

CFA STEP 5 • • • STEP 4 ,------L, STEP 3 

I' /I 1......--------LC:!:2J....~-------- .... ~------ RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING RECEIVES ENGINEER TASKING 

PERFORM TASKS TASKS PLATOON TASKS COMPANIES 

12 SPRING 1980 
60-80 KM I CFA 

STEP 3 XX STEP 1 : STEP 2 ,--X......., J]L,
 . IC) I.... I LgJ..........f------LgJ
 

CONSOLIDATES REQUESTS FROM BRIGADES I CONSOLIDATES REQUESTS IDENTIFY ENGINEER TASKS 

COORDINATES WITH DIVISION ENGINEER I COORDINATES WITH BRIGADE ENGR SUBMIT REQUEST TO BRIGADE 

SUBMITS REQUESTS FOR ADDITIONAL I
 

ENGINEERS TO CORPS BATTALION I
 

will preclude pl acin g all division al assets in the 

CFA. Hen ce , a mixture of co rps and di vision al 

engineer un its is required . 

Can the DS corps en gin eer units provid e suppo rt 

to the CFA , given the -logis tical and command 

constraints imp osed by the distance between the 

parent battali on and its companies , or between the 

Corp s batt ali on and its parent bri gade ? In most 

cases, the parent e ng inee r unit will find it ne xt to 

impossible to command and logistically support its 

subo rdinate units due to the excessive op erating 

distance between units. 

I n addition to the limitation imposed by 

distance , co ns ideration mu st also be give n to 

whet he r the co rps engineers can pro vide 

timely suppo rt at the task force level. The normal 

procedure for requ esting engi nee r support fro m a 

unit which is DS to the division appears in Figure 

I. Re spons ive eng ineer support to task for ces 

located in the CFA canno t occ ur in this particular 

situan on. Th e same co nstrain ts exist in the Main 

Battle Area . Enginee r compa nies must frequently 

operate at a gre at distance from their parent 

battalion. Hen ce, the battalion commander is still 

faced with the command and logi stical support 

probl em s assoc iated with providing engineer 

support to the CFA. Task fo rces must request 

engineer support through lengthy communica tio n 

channels, whi ch may limit responsive engineer 

support. Th is example illu strates the fact that 

inappropriate assignments result in unresponsive 

en gineer suppo rt, as well as the cre ation of 

logistical and eng ineer rel ated problems. 

The log ical so lution is attac hment. This allo ws 

the maneuver commander effic ient and timely 

engineer support . With the corps engineer 

battal ion attached to the di vision , e ngineer 

companies and pl atoon s can be attached to 

man eu ver brigades and task forces , re specti vely. 

As Figure 2 illustrate s, engineer request channels 

are shortened, resulting in faster and more flexible 

engineer support. No te that the distance between 

the task force and the en gineer company has also 

bee n substantially redu ced . 

Historicall y, eng inee rs ha ve opted for support 

rel ationships. Engineer com manders co uld thus 

still exercise their command option . In reality, 

however, the extended distance bet ween the 

eng inee r commander and subo rdinate units 

pre vent ed a true co mmand relat ion ship . As a 

res ult. maneuver elements have taken ce rtain 

lib erties which , in effec t, created qu asi-command 

relation ships between themsevles and engineer 

units. This has further added to the confusio n over 

comma nd and support relationships. It is high time 

that the e ng ineer community take a look at those 

co mma nd and support practices which do not 

ma ximize enginee r support to maneu ver elements. 

Th er e are no short cuts or alternatives for 

provid ing maneuver el ements with engineer 

support . The engineeer mu st understand the 

man eu ver element's tactics and op er ation s , as we ll 

as his own . Ever y effort must be mad e to full y 

employ the combat enginee r on the battlefield . 

Only then will inte gration of the engineer system 

with the maneuver eleme nt's battle pl an take 

plac e . Only then will we be truly co nside red part 

of the combined arms team. ... 

CPT DA NA ROB ER TS O N is an instructor with the 

Tactics and Op erations Division, Dep artm en t of Combined A rms. U iS, Army Engineer School , Fort Belvoir, 

VA , He is a previou s contributor to ENG I NEER. 

30 KM ---------------------., 

STEP 2 STEP 1 * Note that the distance between the Task 

-~I----~ Force in step 2 and the Engineer Battalion in

step 3 is kept to a minimum to allow for 

CONSOLIDATES REQUESTS responsive Engineer support. IDENTIFY ENGINEER REQUESTS
 

COORDINATES WITH BRIGADE ENGR SUBMITS REQUESTS TO BRIGADE
 

TASKS CORPS ENGR BATTALION
 

ENGINEER 13 


r------, 

I" 

r---:----, . 

I 3336 LS DET I­ I 227 ENGR DET 

L._...;. J L J

649th ENGR.BN 6970 CLG (TOPO ) 

FIGURE 1 

The 18th Brigade is consi de red a 

US AREUR eng inee r asset and is organize d 

fo r its peacetime mission as shown in Figure 

I. Th e organization co ns ists of fo ur Combat 

Heavy ba tta lio ns, a To pograph ic b attalion , 

a nd a Civ ilian Labor Group (Eng inee r 

Con struction ). Br igad e Headquart er s 

co nta ins Labor Service Liaison a nd 

graphi Detachments which provid e 

Bri gad e-lev el plann in g and contro l for the 

Civili an Lab o r Group and the Topographic 

bat tali on . Aut horized Brigade stre ngth is 

approx imately 4, 200 , including ab out 1,000 

Lab or Serv ice employee s . 

Brigad e c apab ili ties are significant and 

represent a majo r contribution to 

US AREUR 's wartime mission and its 

pe acetime ac tiv itie s. Its peacetime 

co ntrib uti ons include construction support of 

the US AREUR quality-of-Iife and combat 

read in ess goals , as we ll as topographic 

suppo rt. Wartim e co ntributions would 

include cons truc tio n and comb at engineering 

tasks . Brigad e capabilities are shown in 

Fi gure 2 . 

PEACETIME ACTIVITIES AND 

COMBAT READINESS 

BINGENDARMSTADT293rd ENGR CBT BN 

94th ENGR CBT BN 

249th ENGR CBT BN 

79th ENGR CBT BN 

BAUMHOLDER ­

MANNHEIMKAISERSLAUTERN ­

tran sl ated into specific tasks ; tasks are 

further de fined in terms of training 

objecti ves, and pri oritized; and appropriate 

tim e is all ocated to sche du le trainin g , wh ich 

includes combat e ngi ne e r and individu al 

HEIDELBERG -

Peacet ime ac tivities of the 18th Brigade so ldi er tasks , and th e USA REUR Troop
 

are tail ored to maintain unit co m ba t Con struction Program.
 

readine ss and soldier skills. Missions are Combat e ng ineer and so ld ier training is
 ..-.,.....-. 

'!J

16 SPRING 1980 
CAPABILITIES 

20 VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION PLATOONS 

13 HORIZONTAL CONSTRUCTION PLATOONS 

3 HEAVY EQUIPMENT PLATOONS 

18 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PLATOONS 

SPECIAL OPERATIONS (CLG)
 

ASPHALT PAVING
 

CONCRETE PAVING
 

CONCRETE BATCH PLANT
 

TOPOGRAPHY
 

MAPS
 

TERRAIN ANALYSIS
 

TERRAIN SURVEY
 

FIGURE 2 

performed at home station, local training 

areas, major training areas, and in major 

field training exercises, such as 

REFORGER. Participation in the Troop 

Co nstruction Program provides valuable 

experience for the Brigade's construction 

spec ialties . The quality and quantity of 

training provided by troop co nstruction 

projects could not be gained without the 

financial assistance of the USAR EU R 

construction acco unts. ln addition , 

co nstructio n is accomplished to suppo rt 

NATO ac tivi ties and the Air Force. 

USAREUR derives two prime ben efit s 

from the Bri gade ' s Troop Con struction 

Program . First , it enhance s Bri gad e combat 

readiness. Second, it provides new and 

improved facilities (approx imatel y $9 

milli on worth in FY 78 ). 

Due to the shrinking value of the dollar in 

pi aci ng European construction and the 

resulting sav ings from troop co nst ruc tion , 

the Bri gade will be engaged to a gre ater 

ex tent with MeA hori zontal con struction 

projects in the future. To complement the 

previous capability for asph alt pav ing, the 

Brigade recently procured a co nc rete paving 

train . The addition gives the Brigade a full 

rang e of equipment to acc omplish horizontal 

construction projects. Vertical construction 

will continue to have a high priority. 

Skills gained in the Troop Con struction 

Program and the ambitiou s combat engineer 

training program pr ep are Brigad e personnel 

to provide reliabl e support to USAREUR in 

peace and war. 

Yet another peacetime ac tivity which 

contributes to combat readiness is 

participation by the Brigade and its 

subordinate units in the "Partn ership 

Program" with German Arm y un its. 

Parti cipati on in joint tra inin g exercises and 

soc ial events provid es valuabl e 

interoperability ex perience . III. 

17 
Curre nt U.S. tacti cal doctrine emphasizes 

mobility and maneuverability in conducting the 

active defen se.i Since the en em y is certain to 

use mines extensivel y in both offensive and defensi ve 

operations, we must be able to detect and breach 

minefields with a minimal loss of momentum and by 

using the least amount of breaching resources. 

The active defense requires that maneuver units, 

engineers. and other suppo rting units rapidly detect 

mined areas in order to maintain mobility to concentrate, 

or to move laterally and oc cupy successive battle 

positions through out the co ve ring force area and the 

main battle area . Without all-source capabilities for 

detecting minefields and rapidly communicating 

information 10 maneuver commanders , the traditional 

detection of mines by tactical encounter-soldiers 

stepping on mines or vehicles running over them-will 

co ntinue. 

In orde r to provid e the man eu ver unit commander 

with the tlexibility to conduct a bypass. or with the time 

and distance to prepare for breaching operations. the 

location and size of an enemy minefield must be 

reported to the next higher command at once . Current 

procedures for reporting enemy minefields are listed in 

FM 20- 32, Mine/Countcrmine Op erations at the 

Company Level. They require the unit locating the 

minefield to submit the following data: 

• Map sheet de signation; 

• Date and Time of collection of information ; 

• Type of minefield ; 

• Coordinates of minefield extremities; 

• Depth of minefield ; 

• Enemy weapons or surveillance; 

• Estimated time to clear minefield; 

• Estimated material and equipment needed to clear 

minefield ; 

• Route s for bypa ssing minefield (if any); 

• Coordinates of lane entry; 

• Coordinates of lane exit; 

• Width of Janes, in meters; 

• Other information such as types of mines, new 

mines, boobytraps, etc. In addition , the reporting unit is 

required to mark the minefield and record it on the 

sta ndard Minefield Record (DA Form 1355) . 

The pro cess of encoding and transmitting the enemy 

min efield report is time consuming and susceptible to 

errors of information. An alternative method of 

reporting the approximate location of enemy minefields 

ove r radio or telephone without transmitting a series of 

grid coordinates and without encoding the message is 

known simply as "MAGIC," an acronym for Minefield 

Approximate Grid Indicator Coordinates. The MAGIC 

protractor consists of a template marked with various 

numbered shapes. The center of the template is 

indicated with a cross , while the perimeter is segmented 

into degrees. 

Use of the MAGIC protractor requires the foll owing 

steps: 

(1 ) Place the MAGIC template on the map , and over 

the plotted enemy minefield so that its boundaries fall 

within one of the appropriate shapes; 

(2) Read the grid coordinates from the center of the 

MAGIC template, not from the center of the ene my 

minefield; 

(3) Read the bearing in degrees where an imaginary 

line running grid north from the center of the template 

cuts the perimeter of the protractor; 

M inefield \ 

A pproximate 

G rid 

Indica tor 

C oordinates 

A fast, simple alternative method
 

of reporting the location
 

of enemy minefields
 

by LTC Bruce W. Baumann 

(4) Transmit the message giving the grid coordinates , 

the bearing, and the shape number. Encryption of the 

me ssage is not required , since enemy information is 

being reported . 

The MAGIC method of reporting enemy minefields is 

currently employed by all engineer units of the Firs! 

British Corps and some engineer units in the U.S . 

Seventh Army , both stationed in the Federal Republic 

of Germany . It is included in the Field Standing 

Operation Procedures of both units and is employ ed 

during their field training exercises. 

18 SPRING 1980 
r --­ - . 

582 "" 583 584 <. -Z··", - ..--­- i..-s7i 6 BadN;usta dt ;;: d~ ;;";;:" ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;"\ ':" __ -;:, i --

Th e MAGIC co nce pt shou ld be eva luated by all 

combat, combat suppo rt , and co mbat se rv ice support 

units as a rap id me thod of report ing the locat ion a nd 

size of e ne my min efie lds. Ultimately. it sho uld be 

includ ed in the ne xt re vision of FM 20 -32 . 

MAGIC template has been placed on 

map so that minefield falls wi thin 

boundaries of ap p ropriate shape 

LTC BR UCE W. BA UMANN is the Senior Projects 

Officer, Co ncepts and Studies Division , Dir ectorate of 

Combat D e velo pm ents, U.S . Army Engineer School, 

Fort Belvoir, VA . 

ENGINEER 19 
M any Ac tive Army pe rso nnel arc not familiar 

with either the fo rce structure th at exists in 

CONUS for the sup port of the US Arm y 

Reserv e (US AR) and Army Na tio na l Gu ard (ARNG) or 

what the se un its do during the course of a training year. 

The system uses the CO NUS-based Arm y as the 

founda tio n with Ar my Re ad iness Regi ons (ARR) 

assig ned to cov er geographic are as with in the Ar my 

area . Th e ARR is further subdi vide d into Readine ss 

Gro ups to faci litate supp ort of both USA R and ARN G 

un its within the Region are as . Th e current force 

structure con ta ins nin e Re adin e ss Region s that cover the 

48 continental sta tes and Puerto Rico (fig ure I). 

by LTC William I. Travis 

Training with othe r units adds a high degree of 

re alism , pro vide s appreciation for other unit s' 

c apa bilities, inc re ases un it morale , and improv es 

the read ine ss posture of all units involved . Training 

ac tivi ties of the 972nd Engineer Battal ion (Com bat) 

(Corps) , U.S. Army Reserve , during the period from 

October 197 7 throu gh Oct ober 1979 dem on strates the 

benefits of such tra ining . 

OCTO BER 1977 MUTA-S 

The 972nd Battali o n conducted mutual support 

training at Camp Atterbury, IN , with eleme nts of the 1st 

Squadron /23 8the Armor ed Cavalry , Indi an a Nati on al '!J 

SPRING 1980 
Th e Ac tive Army ad vi sors at the Readine ss Groups 

are assigned to Br anch Assistance Teams (BA T) or to 

Fun c tional Teams. In ARR VI th e " dedic ated uni t 

ad visors " are gene ra lly assigned on ly at b riga de le vel 

and higher except in certain instances where a unit is in 

an isolated part of the state or is desig na ted as a " hig h 

priority " unit. Th e ba tt alion ad vi sor slot s of seve ral 

years ago ar e being phased o ut by attrition and new 

personnel are being mainta ined on the B AT at the 

Re ad ines s Groups. The units cit ed as ex ceptions will 

main tain th eir unit advisors und er curr ent plan s. 

Th e USAR and ARNG units themsel ve s are different 

in their int ernal command and control networks. The 

lJ
 

US AR units are ass igned to Arm y Reser ve Co mma nds 

o r General Offi cer Commands wh ich serve as a vit al 

li nk in th eir chai n of com mand . Th e AR NG un its 

bel on g to the stat e in whic h the y are stat io ned and ar e in 

many in st ances stru c ture d alon g tradi tional lin es in 

bri gades and di visions. The m ission s of the se unit s va ry 

as mu ch as the d ifferent branches the y re presen t. Within 

the sco pe of the Reserve Co mpo nent s (RC ) every 

branc h is repre sented and e xpec ted to mai nt ain its 

individual as well as its unit pr ofici enc y . In add it ion to 

their FORSCOM traini ng o bjective s, the AR NG un it s 

also train to perform state mission s rel ating mostl y to 

state -w ide o r local emergenci es as designated by th at 

state's govern or. USAR co mba t arms un its ar e ass igned 

to armories in batt ali on siz e in c ities tha t ca n suppo rt a 

unit of battalion stre ngth . This can and doe s present 

probl ems in rec rui tin g especially if mo re than o ne 

US AR un it is located in the same metrop olitan are a. 

Ge nerally spe aking , ARNG units have smaller 

recruiting are as population -wide and are tradition all y 

linked with the ar ea in wh ich the y ar e located . 

The first visit to a Reserve Component un it by an 

adv isor fre sh from a n ac tive duty battalion 

a ssignment can be an eye-open er. It is import ant 

not to devel op fir st impre ssion s of a unit with out seeing 

the unit as a wh ol e . To an off ice r fre sh fro m th e 

European enviro nme nt where mot or pool s and work 

are as mu st be maintain ed in almost "spi t and poli sh " 

conditio n , that f rst visit to a Reser ve Component mo tor 

pool, wh ere ma intenance is carried out by a few civil ian 

technici an s on a co ntinui ng basi s, c an be unnervin g . 

Guard . Training activ ities included preparing , 

defe nding, and te stin g defen si ve po siti on s a nd 

obs tac les . The 972 nd defensive position was attac ked 

by the Cavalry Squadron, thu s pro viding re alism and 

moti vation to e ng ineers pr eparing their positions . E ach 

platoon po sition was critiq ued by Readiness Re gion 

perso nnel. 

An a ntitank di tc h and log cri b we re also constr uc ted 

to dete rmine the ir effectiven ess. During the test , a tank 

attempted to cross the ditch and o verrun the log crib . 

En gineer s and tanker s alike learned that a 

well- construct ed log crib will with stand thre e rams of a 

tank and that antitank ditche s sign ifi cantly decrease 

tank maneu verability . 

ENGINEER 

JUNE 1978 ANNUAL TRAINING 

The 972nd co nd ucted mutual s upport training with 

the 142nd Field Artill ery Group , Ar kan sas Natio na l 

Gu ard , at Fort Chaffee , AR . Fi ri ng position s for the 

Artillery Gro up were pr epared by the 972 nd . The 

Artill ery Gr oup co m ma nde r critiqued the positi on s, 

after whi ch artiller y per sonn el fired the ir we ap ons. 

Artillery personnel als o gave th e en gineers an 

o rienta tio n o n artillery weapon s and in structi on in 

artillery fire adju stment. 

Most engi neer person nel were airlifte d back to 

ga rrison at the end of the four-day FTX by the 536th Air 

Compa ny , T exa s National Gu ar d . Helicopter personnel 

also instruct ed eng ineers in loa din g and unloadi ng 

pro cedure s. 

In addit ion , all e ngineer NCOs recei ved a 12-hour 

block of instru ct ion on coachin g and co un seling 

technique s design ed for ret enti on co unse li ng and 

impro vin g person al co mmunicatio ns. In struction wa s 

pro vid ed by a US Army Reserve Sch ool instructor wh o 

co nducts similar ma nageme nt se minars in his c ivili an 

profession. 

NOVEMBER 1978 MUTA-5 

Enginee r squ ads conducted pinpoint minefield and 

target folder task s while masked and op erating under 

sm oke co ve r pro vided by the 224 th Ch emical co mpany , 

US AR . 

21 
·0 : 

FT	 LEWIS, : 

WA I 

" \ 

t

,

, ARR VIII &"_- ... 

PRISIDIO OF 1 

SAN FRANCISCO, CA I FT DOUGLAS, UT 

o I • t o DENVER, CO , o. 

ARR IX ,

t o 

FIGURE 1 ..-----1 

FT MacARTHUR, CA I 

o J 

,

I

I 

I 

I 

•	 ARMY READI NESS REG ION 

o READINESS GROUP 

FT SAM HOUSTON, TX 

But seeing what can be accomplished and the excellent 

condition of most of the vehicles, it is evident that 

"eye wash" in the motor park is not necessary to 

maintain equipment. Some active units could take 

lessons on vehicle maintenance from this small group of 

dedicated technicians who do not, as a rule, have much 

assistance except on drill weekends . A full-time 

administrative-supply technician (AST) keeps the 

armory operating on a day-to-day basis. An ARNG 

;to FT DIX, NJ 

~::-+-- INDIANTOWN GAP 

MIL RES, PA 

FT MEADE, MD 

FT LEE, VA 

FT BRAGG, NC 

--- FT JACKSON, SC 

FT BUCHANAN "0 

(PUERTO RICOI 

technician holds a position in the unit for which he 

works; a USAR technician must be a member of a 

USAR unit but not necessarily the one for which he 

works as a technician. 

Units must complete 48 hour-drills or approximately 

24 days during the year plus a two-week annual training 

session. In addition, there are some extra pay periods 

allocated to the unit commanders that permit 

preparation for training assemblies and trips to Active 

APRIL 1979 MUTA 4	 MA Y 1979 ANNUAL TRAINING 

The 70th Training Command, 70th Training Division, The 972nd and the 652nd Float Bridge Company, 

Indiana Army Reserve, provided instruction , Wisconsin USAR, provided mutual support during 

supervision and facilities for the Engineer Battalion's annual training at Fort McCoy. WI. The 652nd operated 

annual weapons qualification and familiarization M4T6 Class 60 rafts to cross engineer personnel during 

training, including M 16, M203, M60, and Dragon a tactical night relocation involving a night river 

Missile training. Medical support was provided by the crossing operation. Much prior planning and 

337th General Hospital, Indiana Army Reserve . preparation by both units went into the operation , which 

required two nights to complete , It was the first time 

either unit had conducted a night tactical river crossing. 

972nd Engineer Battalion personnel offload from helicopter provided by the 536th Air Company, Texas National Guard 

I I 

j/ 
Army installations for coordinating site training , field 

training ex ercise s, etc . 

The quality of a unit's training during the year is put 

to test e ach year at annual training (AT) during a 

two-week period, normally during th e summer, 

although many RC un it s conduct winter AT now at 

Camp Ripley, MN . The US AR unit is evaluated by 

Acti ve Army evaluators , and ARNG units are evaluat ed 

by personnel designated by Headquarters , FORSCOM . 

The advisors from the Readiness Groups accompany the 

units to assist in thei r tr aining prior to evaluation. The 

association between the Reserve Compon ent unit and 

the Active Component (AC) unit is beneficial for both 

units. The assistance provided by th e AC unit benefits 

the RC unit and compl ements the train ing c ond uc ted at 

AT, Additionally, the active duty soldier sees that a unit 

manned by what he has be en led to believe are 

"weekend warriors " can be just as pr ofessional as a ny 

acti ve duty unit, sometimes more so . 

What does an RC unit do. during the year at its home 

armory ? Norma lly after the annual train ing , which in 

fa ct am ounts to a unit mobilization, ab out two or three 

drill periods are required to get the unit's equipment 

back in cond itio n for the remainder of the year. Also 

during these periods, tr aining is organi zed by the 

battalion for the coming ye ar. Since thi s yearly training 

is sched uled in ad vance, po st-AT training will reflect 

what wa s determined by the evaluators as weak or 

strong points in the unit. In some instances, training 

will continue to increase individual proficiency to 

higher lev els and attempt to correct not ed d eficiencies 

in the past ye ar' s training . In this re spect the advisors o f 

the Readiness Groups ca n playa vital rol e if the unit 

recognizes this source of assistance . 

The Readin ess Group BATs have a variety of 

experie nce and skills available on-call to the RC 

command er. Unfortunately many RC commanders look 

on the BATs as inspectors, not assistors, and hesitate to 

call on them . Regardless o f the branch of a parti cular 

unit, teams to assis t in any are a can be obtained through 

the BAT for that particular unit. For e xampl e, if one of 

o ur Field Artill ery or Air De fense Artillery units needs 

assistance in a speci f ic ar ea, lets say, files management, 

the BATFA coordinates with the members o f the 

Functional Administrative Team to visit the requesting 

unit either during the we ek or during a drill peri od 

(wh ic hever is more con venient for the unit) to gi ve 

whate ver as sis tance is needed . This go e s for all 

assistance teams in a Readiness Group. This assistance 

runs the gamut of everything from going through a first 

sergeant' s duty roster (to make sure he is awa re of all 

the current pol icies) to conducting formal c lasse s and 

field train ing in preparing an artillery battery for the 

delivery of fire . Once th e RC co m m anders real ize that 

the Read iness Group advisors are not " the y " fr om 

higher headquarters, but are c apab le and interested in 

readiness, the overall readine ss of both USAR and 

ARNG will increase. 

All in all , with app roximately 190 ,000 men and 

women in the USAR and 365,00 0 in the ARNG , it can 

re adil y be seen th at the " to tal for ce" can make the 

difference in a future confli ct. 

CPT BARRY D. WILLARD is a Branch Assistance 

Team adv isor. assigned to Headquarters, U.S . Army 

Readiness Region VI , Fort Knox, Ky. 

OCTOBER 1979 MUT A 5 

The 972nd combined effo rt s with the 122nd Tactical 

Fighter W ing, Indiana Air National Guard , and the 

Helicopter Attack Troop, l07th Armored Cavalry 

Regiment, Ohio Army National Guard . at Camp 

Atterbury , IN . The vulnerability of ground troops to air 

attack , and the need for camo ufl age , di spersernent, and 

air defense was vividl y demonstrated b y low-le vel air 

attacks on a 972nd co nvo y by F-4 jet fight ers and 

heli copters . 

OTHER TRAINING 

972nd platton leaders and platoon sergeants re ceive 

extensive instruction by Readiness Regi on personnel 

during T actical Exercises Without Troops (T EW T s) 

prior to every FTX. In addition, the 972nd receives 

periodic finance and administrative assistance from the 

425th Personnel Service Company and the 4l2th 

Finance Company , Indiana USAR. 

LESSONS LEARNED 

The key lessons learned by personnel of the 972nd 

Engineer Battalion , in conducting mutual sup port 

training with othe r Re serve Component units , inc lude 

the foll owing: 

• Mutual support training is economical, requiring 

very little, if any, additional funding; 

ENGINEER 

• ARTEP tasks should be se lec ted which are 

mission-related for all participating units. Careful 

selection of tas ks helps to in sure a high degree of 

realism; 

• Advance planning and coor d ination is absolutely 

e sse ntial. Eac h unit must ev alu ate training o bjectiv e s, 

and coord ina te with the othe r un its to in sure that 

training plans of each unit me sh ; 

• Simplicity is the key to su cces sful mutu al support 

training . Emphasi s should be pi aced on basi c , 

well-defined tasks which can be easily controlled; 

• Commanders must use initiative in co ntac ting 

com m ande rs o f o ther units near their Annual Training 

o r Inacti ve Duty Training site . 

CONCLUSION 

In summary , the 972nd has fo und that training with 

other Reserve Component units adds a high deg ree of 

realism , prov ides appreci ati on fo r o the r units' 

capabilities, has a positive impact on unit morale , and 

improves the readiness posture of each parti cipat ing unit 

more so than if each unit tr ained individually . The 

972nd Engineer Battalion has ad opted the motto 

"Where the Action is ," and mutual support tr aining has 

helped us liv e up to it. 

LTC WILLIAM I. TRAVIS is the commander oj the 

972nd Engin eer Battalion (Combat) (Corps), 372nd 

Engineer Group, U.S. Army Reser ve . 

23 
a new look in
 

TOPOGRAPHIC SUPPORT
 

by COL Daniel L. Lycan & Val E. Selle rs 

New concepts pave the way for the first 

major change since World War 1/ 

H istorically, winners of militar y campaigns, from 

Hannibal's unexpected crossing of the Alps during the 

Punic Wars to General Robert E. Lee' s classic troop 

mov ements during the Civil War, have attributed much to 

their success to a superior knowl ed ge and use of the terrain. 

Prior to the 20th ce ntury, however, most military tactical 

deci sions were based on the commande r's personal 

reconn aissance of the terrain or upon information obtained 

from sco uts. For the most part, maps were rudimentary , even 

nonexistent. 

The first major co nflict of the 20th ce ntury witnessed the 

ext ensiv e use of map s by our allies in tact ical operation s, 

precluding the necessity for American forces to engage in 

large sca le engineer intelligence activities. By war's end, 

however, three topographic battalions had be en deployed with 

the General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary 

Forces . Each battalion engaged in the preparation of battle 

map s by overprinting existing base maps with ene my 

disposition s. 

Pri or to the beginning of World War II, U .S. military 

leaders recognized the potential scope of the fort hcoming 

conflict and developed a modern , well-equipped mapping 

establishment with world-w ide responsibilities. U .S. 

topographi c units had been reorganized between the two 

glob al conflict s so that, during World War II, topographic 

support in the field was prov ided by a base topographic 

battalion, an engineer topographic battalion (Arm y), and 

corps company . In addition, direct operational control of 

engineer intelligence functions, including mapping , had been 

tran sferred to the chief en gine er of each theater. 

During the war , field units multiplied, acqu ired improved 

instrument s, and matured in efficiency and re acti on time. The 

Engineer Reproduction Plant was renamed the Army Map 

Service (AMS), moved to a new location, and dramatically 

increased its production . Collection activities and the library 

of foreign map s were also expa nded. When the war ended , 

field units became min iature ba se plants, util izing advanced 

technology to increase accuracy and improve rates of 

production . The Army Map Service continued to expand in all 

areas and inc rease d its internati onal mapping activities. 

.

24 SPRING 1980 
During the Korean confli ct, the old Japanese Imp erial 

Land Survey maps of Kor ea we re converted and revi sed 

in record time . During the days of the wanin g French 

influence in Indochina , initi al ov erall med ium-sc ale 

mapping was produced in a matter of months. During 

the Vietnam conflict. the initi al mapping effo rt wa s 

done by a field unit in Asia wh ich had matured into a 

base plant organization that impl emented international 

mapping agreements and expande d its capability 

through commercial contracts ; howev er, the Army Map 

Service subsequ entl y regained dominance by producing 

numerous revised editions to maintain current cover age 

of the war zone . 

Technology wa s not idl e during the se years, and 

advanced topograph ic ins trumentation and data 

acquisition systems were de veloped . How ever. they 

were too sophisti cated to repl ace worn out and obsolete 

equipment used by field units. By the mid 1960s . 

studies indi cated that a new concept of operations would 

more effecti vely fulfill the need of Army commanders 

in tacti cal situations . The new concept supported the 

view that ba sic gen eral purpose mapping could be 

accomplished more effec tive ly by using the advanced 

capab ilities of military mapping ce nters in the United 

States. It wa s also recogni zed that detailed on-site 

informat ion av ail abl e to field units should be 

incorporated into map s pro vided to them . 

On -sit e topographic information. whi ch ex ists in 

gene ral form s , is most useful in graphic form . Thus , a 

separate graphic for each individual terrain element 

(factor ) affecting military ope ratio ns sho u ld be 

pr ep ared . Wh en accomplished at the lowest level, 

indi vidu al facto r ove rlays ar e combined to assist the 

military ge ographic intelligence specialist in making 

rapid analyse s of the effect of terrain on tact ical military 

activities. A good example of thi s approach is the 

probl em of cro ss-country tank movements. By weighing 

e xisting terrain conditio ns against the degree of slope 

tank s can climb , the size of trees they can knock down , 

the spacing of trees required for passage, and the 

gr ound pressure they exert , a specialist can quickly and 

accurate ly delineate areas of relative mobility . The 

completed cross-country movement data can then be 

ov erprinted on a standard topographic map in a 

distinctive color, and produced in sufficient quantities 

for use by planners, unit commanders, and tank 

op erators. 

The ideal way of implementing such a concept is 

to ha ve o n-hand a data bank of various factors in 

graphic form . However, since there are so many 

fa ctors that have the potential to affect military 

operatio ns, the co st of preparing such a worldwide data 

bank is prohibitive. Therefore, the initial task of field 

topographic units will be the creation and maintenance 

of a data ba se of factors pertinent to their particular 

are as of deployment. From this data base , field units 

will be able to produce mission-oriented graphics 

rapidly in response to requests. 

The effective use of this new approach depends upon 

the degree of improved communication between tacti cal 

unit commanders and the command and control 

elements of topographic units. Rather than depend upon 

G-2 or S-2 sections of tactical units to obtain map s for 

planning and operations , procedures mu st be established 

to keep topographic units aware of planned operation s 

and anticipated problems. Destinations , required trav el 

times, and the nature and number of vehicles are 

examples of pertinent information that should be 

considered in order to guarantee timely production of 

ENGINEER 

Doppler positioning ~uipmentpermits a high degree of 

accuracy in determintng three-dimensional positions of 

points on the earth's urface 

the be st possible top ographic support products. 

To paraph rase the poet .philosopher Santayana. those 

who refuse to heed the lesson s of history are doomed to 

rep eat it. The new top ographic support system is 

actually a modern refinement of the Army 's topographic 

support system at the end of World War 1. Allied maps 

in existence at the onset of World War I can be 

compared with the current holdings and production 

cap ability of military mapping centers . The modern 

concept of mission-oriented supplementary graphics 

overprinted on ba sic general purpose maps can be 

considered a sophisticated follow-on of the battle maps 

of the First World War . The interim phase , when Base 

Topographic Battalion s ev olved into mini-base plants, 

has been abandoned due to a lack of mobility and 

techni cal difficulties experi enced in producing 

field-hardened versions of highly complex instruments 

used in modern map production plants. 

To fulfill requirements of the new concepts, 

fund amental changes have been made in the 

organizatio n of field topographic units. First, they will 

work from the basic famil y of products produced by 

vari ou s U .S . mil itary mapping centers and will not 

participate in original mapping. Second, and probably 

most significant, they will inc orporate the military 

geographic information functions as inherent parts of 

their organizations. Since World War II, these functions 

ha ve been performed by separate terrain intelligence 

deta chments. 

Fr om the management viewpoint, the headquarters 

element of the newl y organized topographic battalion 

will be expanded to include technical experts in th e 

25 
Using data generated in 

military mapping centers, the 

operator can determine 

position and elevation of any 

point of interest on the data 

base photographs. Points of 

interest on reconnaissance 

photos can be transferred to 

the data base 

field o f surve ying , cartography , photogrammetry , 

military geographic information, and reproduction. Thi s 

technical staff will know th e status of the current 

workload and data holding in each technical subsystem. 

Thus, when a request for topographic data to support a 

tactical operation is received, these technical experts 

will be able to propose alternati ve topographic products 

or services, along with estimated response times, that 

will meet the tactical commander's needs. 

To imple ment the new co nce pts, the topographic 

battalion will be furnished with a modular, mobile and 

evolutionary topographic support system: modular. to 

permit variations of configuration as a fun ction of the 

physical en vironment and combat situation ; mobile , to 

maintain contact with tactical forces at the lowe st 

possible echelon; and evolutionary, to keep pace with 

advancing technology . 

The surveying section will include a point positioning 

capability based on classical , anal ytical 

photogrammetric techniques. This is another exampl e of 

utilizing the extensive technical c apa bilities of U .S. 

military mapping centers to ass it field operations. In 

these centers, blocks of photographs are measured, and 

the absolute position and orientation of each individual 

exposure is determined . The results are expressed in 

matrix form on magnetic tape, which can be used in a 

small desktop computer. A simple ste reoscop ic 

measuring system is used to det ermine ph otograph ic 

coordinates of unknown points on two different 

exposures, which are converted to ground coordinates 

by using the absolute orientation matrix . Data bases of 

photographs and their associated orientation parameters 

are prepared routinely for field users. In addition, 

ground equipment that uses satellite signals to 

determine absolute ground position is included in the 

system . Modern , more conventional field in struments, 

including those which comb ine optical angle measuring 

with electronic distance measurement, are included as 

insurance for the more sophisticated instruments. 

The cartog raphic revi si on section will prepare 

final drawings and reproduction materials for 

spe cial purpose graphics , draft and revise 

drawings of indi vidual factors used for the preparation 

of spe c ial purpose products, and prepare reproduction 

material for the interim revision of general purpose 

products. Three types of equipped vans can be deployed 

in a variety of combinations to provide sufficient work 

areas and items of equipment to accomplish any 

cart ographic ope ratio ns required. There is nothing 

radical in the types of equipment, since the final 

rendering of graphics will remain a manual operation. 

However, the most advanced commercial products will 

be used throughout. 

The old workhorse-the reflecting projector-will be 

replaced by a modern stereo zoom lens transfer 

instrument , which in addition to duplicating the scale 

change parameters of the reflecting projector, has a 

c ontro lled distortion capability to improve the fitting of 

details on reconnaissance photographs to the maps being 

revi sed . Production will also be increased by the 

introduction of coordinatographs for the preparation of 

grids and projections. 

The major source of data for the cartographic revision 

team will be the military geographic information 

analysts. Formerly , small detachments operated out of 

tent s to gather data; now data are gathered by a group of 

25 specialists working out of five different vans . Four 

vans, dealing with collection, anal ysis. synthesi s , and 

information storage , will be deployed with the main 

body of the battalion, while the fifth will be 

truck -mounted for increased mobility. and will be 

deployed for direct support at lower echelons, typically 

}I at division level. The direct support group will , as the 

26 SPRING 1980 
I
 

I
 

nam e impli e s, inte rf ace directl y with tact ical units , 

dispensing as well as gathering data. An aly sts will 

co ntinua lly convert new data to a graphi c format to be 

senr back to the cartographers for final proce ssin g. 

Completed factor gr aphics will be sto red in a separate 

storag e and retri eval element, whi ch will maintain 

holdings a nd send peri od ic noti ce s to all concerned 

personnel , so that everyone knows what information is 

available . 

Personnel and instruments for producing product s 

based on photographs and other form s of co ntinuo us 

ton e imager y will be con solidated in an other group . 

Three different co nfigura tio ns of vans are included . One 

van will house all photographic laboratory equipment , 

including printers and a frame rectifier. Another van 

will contain work areas and equipment to assembl e 

photomap s and perform ass ociated drafting. The other 

va n will be used mainl y for storag e , but will also 

contain a duplicate of the anal yti cal photogrammetri c 

position ing system to generate co ntro l point c oordinates 

for the subseque nt rectification of photographs. Light 

tabl es , fil es , and miscell aneous items nece ssar y for 

handling photographs will also be incl uded . In practice, 

this element will prepare prints for interpretation by the 

an alysts and will assemble or mosaic photographs to 

se rve as a basis for ha sty product s requ iring different 

scales or sheet lines than the standard general purpose 

products. 

The reproduction sec tio n is housed in sev eral 

functi on al van s. To avoid difficulties c aused by 

vari ati on s in temperatue and humidity, a separate 

paper-conditioning van ha s been included . Ori ginal 

copy will be processed in the camera van, which 

contains a 3D-inch process camera . A layout sectio n is 

provided to assemble and check incoming reproducti on 

materials, and a photomechanical van will produce 

proofs or actual copie s for distribution when the request 

ENGINEER 

Artist 's con cept of the interior of the Analysis Sectloti ; 

which is in the final phase under a commercial contract 

is too small to utili ze the press facility economicall y . 

All plate processin g equipment will be in a single van . 

The co mbined ca pabilities of these sec tions will pro vide 

input to four press vans for high-volume reproduction . 

A fin ishing sec tion, wh ich will cut , bind, and wr ap the 

completed products, complet es the entire reproduction 

subsystem . A change from the pre vious organi zati on is 

the eliminatio n of reproduction material file s. These are 

ma int ained in the storage and retrie val sectio n, which 

will also maintain the compl eted factor graphics and 

film library . Thus, reproduction materials will be 

available, tog ether with other graphi c and imagistic 

data , to all functional subsystems. 

The major thrust behind this system development is to 

pro vide commander s of tactical topographic un its with 

an impro ved capabi lity as soon as possible, so they can 

incr ease their support for commande rs of combat units. 

To ac hieve [his, only commercially availabl e and 

reliable items of equipment are be ing included in the 

system . Parts of the reproduction subsyste m have been 

fabri cated and subjected to prelimin ary tests by 

top ographic troops. Components of the remaining 

sub systems have been selected and preliminar y layouts 

have been prepared in anticipation of a commercial 

fabrication contrac t early in 1980. Th e first complete 

system is e xpected to reach field units in Europe in 

early 1982. At that tim e, the new look in field 

top ographic support will be a reality-the first maj or 

change since World War II . 

COL DA NIEL L. LYCA N is commander and director 

of the U.S. Army Engin eer Topographic Lab oratori es, 

Fort Belv oir, VA. MR . VAL E. SELLERS is a pr oject 

engineer at the Topographic Lab oratories. He is assigned to the developm ent team f or the Topographic 

Support System describ ed in this article. 

27 
5 

5 Years Later
 

A significant aid
 

to the improvement
 

of individual efficiency
 

and unit effectiveness
 

by MAJ Charles F. Hanselmann & Jerry Per/mann 

I n 1971 , the U.S. Arm y Board for Dynam ic Trainin g 

iden tified a c ritical need for a type of instruction 

geared to the needs of the individual so ldier aft er he 

ha s finished his initial form al military training. Aft er 

thre e ye ars of re search and develop men t, the Tra ining 

Exten sion Course (T EC) Pro gr am was introduced in 

1974 . TEC lesson s were originall y designed to assist in 

upgradin g and maintaining MOS sk ill profici ency for 

comba t arms sol di er s. Th ey are prepared by serv ice 

sc hoo ls to train individu als in the Active Ar my . Re ser ve 

Com po ne nts. an d Army - re la ted ac t ivi ties s uc h a s 

ROTC . 

T EC is an alt ern at ive to tradition al grou p instruct ion 

where the soldier is required to part icip ate regardless of 

qu a lifi c ati on s a nd kn o wled ge . The ph iloso phy o f 

performanc e -or ie nt ed tr ain in g , tr ain ing ob jec tiv es , 

standa rd go /no-go test ing, and validated le sson de ­

velopme nt is part of th e ove rall TEC system. TEC is a 

vehicle for co m municating c rit ica l "ho w to " principles, techniques, and methods of MOS /job perform ance 

tra ining, while pro vid ing va lida ted materi als to trai n 

both individual so ldiers and units. 

TEC is closely integ rated wi th and supports the Enlisted Pe rsonnel Man agem ent System (E PMS), the Soldi er ' s Manu als , Skill Qualifi cati on Te sts (SQT), an d the 

Arm y T rain ing Evalu at ion Progr am (A RTEP). 

During the le sson devel opment proce ss, eac h TEC 

le sson is tested (valid ated ) usin g sold iers fro m the lesson's target audience . If member s of the test group fa il 

the pre -test , the lesson is red esigned and ret ested until a 

represent ative sampl e of the target grou p ca n achieve 

the obje c tives of the lesson as ind icated by passing the 

post-test. 

Th e firs t step in tak ing a T EC lesson is to real! the 

Le sson Ad m inistra ti ve In structi on s (LA I) . The LAl 

outlines objectives of the lesson and the skills required 

to take the lesson, and provides the pre-test. Th e Student Instru ction Sheet (S lS) included with the lesson 

states obj ectives. mat erials need ed , and tim e required. 

TEC lesson s a re standa rdize d . Th e pre-te st is de signed 

to reveal a so ldier' s proficienc y or lack of proficiency in 

his MOS . TEC tests arc conducted in real-world situations to give the NCO or office r a tool to mea sur e so ldi er profici ency or unit proficien cy , and to pres cribe 

appropri ate training applicable . If a soldier ca n pa ss th e 

pre-test he can pro ceed to more ad vanced train ing with ­

out tak ing that part icular lesson. 

TEC lessons are pre-packaged and soldier-t ested fo r 

the crit ic al task s co n ne c ted with eac h MO S . TEC 

employ s the late st de velopment s in educa tiona l technol ­

ogy : empirical design (based on e xperie nce or observation instead of the ory ), " hands-on " performance , lesson valid ati on trials, and vari ou s method s o f media 

deli ver y or lesson format. 

Most TEC lessons are pre sented in an audio visual 

format with a spec ial proj ector. The film and so und are 

program med to stop aut om ati c all y to permit the student 

to answer qu estions or perfo rm a task ; then the student 

ca n rea ctivate the lesson. All TEC equipment can be 

powered by a st andard field generator and tran sported in 

protect ive carr ying ca ses. The projector can be used by 

one soldier at a tim e (wi th or without earphones) or by a 

small group of so ldiers. TEC hardware works we ll with 

I Okw o r higher a.c . gen erator power. Eight proj ectors 

are normall y iss ued to eac h batt ali on size unit and a 

small er number to sep arate companies or detachments. 

TEC le sson s co st ab out $7 ,800 to develop and each 

c opy COSts about $3 .00 . 

28 SPRING 1980 
Le ssons which are more appropriate for use in a field 

or motor pool situation (i.e . hand s-on tr aining) are developed in audio-tape format. A sold ier ca n listen to the 

tape on a standard port able cassette player as it "talks 

him through " the lesson . 

A third form of less on material is the programmed 

text. This is usually a soft cov er booklet with instru ctions outlining the objective, materials needed, time required , references, and other information . The text is 

often illustrated. Each printed lesson contains instru ction s, questions, and ans wers in step-by-step format. 

All TEC lesson s are self- paced and designed to be 

given under field conditions. Lessons may be used during duty hours, non-duty hours, or any combination of 

both . They are ideal for mak e-up or equi valent training , 

or spl it drill s, and they c an be reviewed whil e wai ting at 

the rifle range or in a truck or a tent. 

mastered before the soldier moves on to the ne xt step . 

The srudent does not compete with others. If the student 

does not get the right answer the first time, he is en ­

couraged to repeat the proce ss . 

A study completed by the Army Research Institute 

(ARI) in J anuary 1978 concluded that TEC is more effectiv e than conventional instruction . TEC-trained soldiers retain what they learn . Eight weeks after TEC instruction, they performed better than soldiers who were 

tested one day after recei ving co nve ntional instruction. 

During limited evaluation, TEC users scored higher on 

SQT than soldiers who did not use TEC . 

In addition to being more effective than conventional 

training , TEC training costs 16 percent less . It gives 

marc information in less time. It teache s so ldiers to do 

their jobs better and trains them for new skills which 

increase the ir chances for promotion . Soldiers learn 

TEC helps soldiers prepare for their SQT (Skill 

Qu alification Test). Critical tasks required for the individual's MOS profi ciency are in the Soldier's Manual. 

TEC lessons mentioned in the manual will help the soldier achieve the de sired level of proficiency. Each lesson is de signed to train a soldier to perform critical job 

tasks. TEC is used in basi c and advanced individual and 

un it training. In many instances, it has replaced the 

huge classroom with an interes ting. interactive , and 

challenging alternati ve . 

Instructors c an provide good training without expert 

knowledge in ev ery subject. A squad leader with 

minimum adv ance preparation can use a TEC lesson as 

a training aid by stopping the le sson to ask que stions or 

discuss major points. TEC reduce s instructor preparation time and incr eases management responsibility . 

Experienced soldiers may complete a TEC lesson in 

30 minutes, but time is unimportant if the soldier can 

pass the test. Lessons can be repeated as often as necessary to insure a high level of retention or as refresher 

training . After reviewing the lesson . a soldier is posttested to determine his skills in his own MOS. He may 

also study other MOS lessons. Each lesson must be 

ENGINEER 

fa ster , retain longer. and have a higher degree of motivation when they control their own rate of progress toward tra ining goals. And the best training is that which 

most closely approximates real-world conditions. 

There are several reasons why TEC is not used more 

oft en. Some soldiers do not know how to use the material, or do not consider it important. A surpri s ing 

number of soldiers do not know that TEC lessons are 

available at almost e very Army unit world-wide , and 

others do not hav e access to lessons during off-duty 

hours. 

A TEC Lesson Availability List is distributed quarterly to all TEC account holders. The point of contact 

for more information about the TEC program is the TEC 

Production and Distribution Offi ce , Autovon 927-4868 , 

Fort Eustis. VA 23604. III 

MAJ CHARLES F. HANSELMANN and MR. JERRY 

PERLMAN are assigned to the TEC Implementation 

Managem ent Offi ce . V .S. Army Training Support 

Center, Fort Eustis, VA . 

29 
Common pitfalls in the administration of 

nonjudicial punishment are examined 

A rtic le 15 of the Uniform Code of Mil itary Ju stice 

(USMJ) is one means available to the commander to 

correct undesirable behavior, administer punishment, 

and perhaps deter others from similar misconduct. Occasionally, it is improperly applied , resulting in a loss o f confidence by subordinates in both their superiors and the military 

justice syste m. Such an unfortunate situation is created without mali ce by an unwary commander and it may innocently go 

undetected in the midst of da y-t o-d ay burdens of command. 

This article presents six key areas which hav e historically 

been pitfalls in the administration of nonjudicial punishment. 

The information is of valu e to the commander, the accused, 

and the soldier at large . 

CRIMINALITY 

Article 15, UCMJ, con cerns only acts of criminal conduct. 

As a simple rule, only acts recognized by the UCMJ as criminal may be the subject matt er for nonjudicial punishment. 

Pun ishment of non-criminal conduct is not authori zed by this 

proceeding . Additionall y , care mu st be taken to insure that the 

c rime applies to the accused soldier. An example of improper 

appli cation is Article 133 , UCMJ , Conduct Unbecoming an 

Officer, being applied to an enli sted member under the title of 

Conduct Unbecoming and Enlisted Man . 

Another common mistake in Article 15 proceedings is the 

failure to state an offense . This commonly occurs when words 

of criminality or wrongdoing are omitted from the declared 

~1rTIceILIt 11 
 

Nonjudicial 

Punishment 

by LTC Steven Chuca/a 

misconduct. Examples are such charges as " abse nt from place 

of duty" and " leaving the scene of an accident. " In order to 

mak e these acts criminal in nature , words must be included in 

the charge that declare absence from a dut y station or leaving 

the scene of an accident unlawful. Merely being absent from 

a place of duty is not criminal. Nor is leaving the scene of an 

accident a crime if you were simply a spectator. 

To preclude such errors and to insure that acts of criminality are being disposed of, the offense should be in the form 

and language used for court-rnarti al charges. Should the accused reject Article t 5 punishment , the offense as written may 

then be used as the specification on a charge sheet with mini ­

mal effort. 

JURISDICTION 

In 1969 , the Supreme Court of the Unit ed States, in 

O'Callahan v. Park er, prohibited military criminal jurisdiction ov er major offen ses committed off post in the United 

States when no service connection is invol ved . The prohibition does not apply to minor offenses, which are generall y 

defined as those punishable by confinement for one year or 

less . Accordingl y, the exercise of Article 15 jurisdiction over 

offenses that cannot be pro secuted in military courts presents a 

serious matter for con sideration by commanders. Clo se coordin ation with the local Staff Judge Advocate is recommended , 

since a soldier may reject Article 15 and request trial by 

court-martial, thereby eliminating the offense over which his 

30 SPRING 1980 
commander may exercise judicial dispositi on . A commander 

should be abl e to prefer charges and seek prosecution when 

confronted with a rejection of nonjudic ial punishment. The inability to do so in a gi ven ca se ma y ad versel y affect his disciplinary auth or ity. 

A similar situ ation occurs when a commander acts on a ca se 

supported only by evidence which would not be admissabl e in 

a court of law. Examples include evidence obtained by illegal 

se arch and seizure , incriminating evidence without a proper 

warning , and wai ver of rights by the accuse d/ suspec t. Regardless of the type deficiency presented , an educated evaluation is required, and a decision should be made with potenti al 

c onseq ue nce s in mind. Th e prudent commander will determin e the probab ilit y of suff icie nt evidence with which to forward a case to trial and, if it is lac ki ng, not offer Arti cl e 15 to 

an accused . 

INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY 

The ser vice member has the right to reject Artic le 15 and to 

request trial by co u rt-ma rtia l. In mo st instances, the member 

accepts the Art icl e l5, but his acc eptance should not be co nstrued as a guilty plea. It is simply an elec tio n of the forum 

which will determine the facts and, if guilt is established , impose punishment. This understanding is c ritica l to the e ntire 

process and ties in with the accu sed ' s right to present eviden ce 

in de fense , extenuatio n , or mitigat ion. Th e officer imposing 

the Article 15 must con sider all evidence and det ermine guilt 

, ' be yond a re asonable doubt." Accordingl y , acceptance of the 

Article IS mu st not be treated as admission of guilt. 

Simil arl y , it is improper to advise the serv ice member o f 

punishment to be administer ed before he makes his el ection 

and has the opportunity to present evidence . Su ch acti on demonstr ate s a predisposition toward guilt and punishment. Telling the accu sed of the spec ific punishment in mind is a 

method use d by some commanders to urg e acceptance of the 

Artic le 15 for a variety of reasons, including a weak or nontriable ca se . No matter how in noce ntly c o m mitted , th e 

impressi on and perception of a fixed fram e of mind is pre ­

se nted to the ac cused and othe r personnel. Alth ough the Anic le 15 officer may have thoughts about pro spective punishment , those thoughts should not be communicated prematurel y 

to the accused . However, the maximum punishment, in the 

ev ent of a guilty finding , may be stated to the accu sed to help 

him determine whether or not to accept the Article 15. 

SEE COUNSEL 

The Article 15 officer must ad ivse the acc used of certai n 

rights, including his right to consult with an atto rney of the 

Judge Ad voc at e General's Corps. If the accu sed elects to 

waive all rights, the Article 15 officer may administer the Article 15 without delay. Howev er, it is advisable to refrain 

from exercising the authority im mediately , and to advise the 

accused to consult with an attorney and return within 72 

hours. Thus , the appearance of perception that the accused 

was "railroaded " will be avoided . 

Too often , the punished service member of an on-the-spot 

Article 15 returns to his comtemporaries and explains awa y 

his guilt by all uding to the action as an unfair proceeding 

when . in fact , he admitted his guilt and so licited immed iate 

ac tion . De spite a swift disp osition of the case, the result may 

be an unspoken indictment of the military justice system and 

the commander by his subordinates. Consult ati on with a Judge 

Advocate att orney will permit the accused to receive proper 

advice . Issues of jurisdication and evidence will also be discu ssed to permit an intelligent consideration for either rejecting or acceptin g the Arti cle 15 . 

APPEAL RIGHTS 

Assuming the accu sed is found guilty and pun ishment is 

imposed , he ha s the right to appeal to the next superio r commander in the chain of command of the Article 15 officer. 

Generally , 15 da ys is co nsidered en ough time for filing an 

app eal. The soldier receiving pun ishmcnt should be aw are of 

the imp licatio ns of appeal ing punishment which re strains his 

libert y. For ex ample , an un su spended restri cti on for seve n 

days wh ich begins on the date of ann ouncement will be served 

in its entire ty if the appeal is fil ed o n the 10th day . Sh ould the 

appeal result in fa vorable consider ati on as to the restriction , 

the so ldie r will ha ve alread y served the punishment and no 

rec ourse for reli ef is provided . How ever, if the so ld ier is 

awa re that an appeal will postpon e the imposition o f restraint 

type pu nishment until appellate review is completed, it places 

the burden upon his shoulders to expeditiously exercise his 

appeal right. 

Th e po stponement of punishment until co mp letio n o f the 

appeal pro ces s is known as " to lling the punishment. " Tolling 

appli es o nly to pun ishments of restricti on , extra duty , and 

co rrec tio nal custod y. It does not appl y to punishment s such as 

reduction in grade, deferment of pay, an d forfeitures since the 

puni sh ed individual c an be made wh ole if the app eal is in his 

fav or. The accu sed has ba sicall y three avenues o f appeal: the 

appeal ma y be un specified , that is , with out a spec ific objection ; it ca n be based up on his co nt inued insi sten ce of innoce nce; or, the accu sed may appeal on the basi s that punishment is disproportionate to the offense com mtlted . 

EXTRA TRAINING VS PUNISHMENT 

A so ldier who ca nnot perform military tasks expected of 

him is lawfully expected to train until the duties can be performed satisfactorily . This training may occur durin g or after 

dut y hours. However, extra duty for training mu st be normal 

training for the ta sk deficiency in qu esti on . Th e co m mander 

and NCO must avoid prohibited punishments cam ouflaged as 

tra ining or volunteer work , i.e . ordering a road march for soldiers with dirty weapons. 

With o ne exception. all punishments must be incid ent to a 

formall y recogn ized system . such as Article 15, UCMJ, and 

cou rt -mart ial. The exc e ptio n is orr-the-spot correc t io ns! 

puni shments ordered during ba sic train ing. 

The de sire to punish off-the-record is real in view of the 

requirement that all Article 15 non -minor punishments become a permanent part of every so ldier 's Official Military 

Personnel File (O M PF) . Accordingl y , co m manders and NCOs 

must comply with exi sting directives regardless of their desire 

to shelter a soldier. Limit ations on extra duty for punishment. 

versus training, is decl ared in Change 5 , paragraph 5-6, AR 

600-20 . 

Th e pr op er administrati on of nonjudic ial punishment a nd 

the av oid ance of misconceptions and false perceptions by 

serv ice members about the military justi ce system and the 

c om ma nde r are just as important as co rrec ting indi vidual 

criminal behavior. A prudent rule-of-thumb is to perform all 

duties in a manner which sets an exampl e for others to emulate . Although it may seem unlikely, the administration of an 

Article 15 exemplifie s a com ma nder's integrity , which , in 

turn , influen ce s troop morale and discipline . 

... 

LTC STE VEN CHUCALA is the chief of the Command and 

Support Division , Department of Combined Arm s, Director ­

ate of Train ing, U.S . Army Engineer Schoo l, Fori Bel voir . 

VA . 

ENGINEER 31 
R OFFICER CAREER INFO
 

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

Are the Ar my's nee d s for M il it ar y 

Engi neers being fulf illed ? Wh at " tuning " of the Office r Per sonnel Man agement System is nece ssary to support 

these needs') How c an we so lve the 

p rof'e s sion a l d eve l o pme nt d il e m m as 

con fr onting the Eng ineer specialty and 

furt her enha nce its Combat Ar ms sta tus'? 

These are a few of the co mp lex issues 

be ing add re sse d by a stu dy task fo rce 

comprised of offic ers fr om the Mi lit ary 

Personn el Ce nte r , the O f fice of the 

Ch ief of Engi ne ers, and the Army War 

College . 

Initi ated last fa ll as a re sul t of conce rns e xp res se d by the Ch ief of Engi nee rs , the gro up was c ha rged with 

searching for viable ca ree r pat hs for engi neers whi le rec ogn iz in g th e c r it ic a l 

under al ignrn ent of e nginee r office rs in 

grades 0-3 and up , the co nti nued importanc e of success in troo p uni t position s, the incre ased dem ands fo r ex pe rience in the civil works area, and more 

emph asis on Professional Eng ineer registration . The study grou p is investiga ting parameters suc h as offic er dis tri buti on plan s , the c e ntr al i zed se l ec t io n 

system , ac ce ssion and rete nt io n of en ­

gineers , spec ial ca ree r si tuatio ns (to pographic and avi ation ), an d o ngoi ng ac ­

tion s th at would impact on the study 

(RET O , Di vision 86 , DOPMA , and the 

DOD Proposed Retirem ent Pl an). 

The study group expects to fo rm ulate 

recommendation s for co nsi deratio n by 

the Chief of Engineers . MILPERCEN , 

and ODCSPER by June. Th e po int of 

contact for furthe r informa tio n is M ajor 

C. H. Dun n or Capt ain Dav e Schnable 

at MILPERCEN (Com me rc ia l 20 2­

325-0 25 0111 2 o r AUTOVON 221 · 

02501 112) . 

OER TRAINING PACKAGE 

A se lf-study tra ining package o n the 

new Officer Eva luation Rep orting System is now available. Known as A G 

Subcourse 15, it provid es o bjectives, instructional materi al , and se lf-evaluations 

fo r the task s in vo lved fo r e ach member 

in the ra ting chai n. A sepa rate tra ining 

pack age on the same subject ha s been 

de vel oped for soldiers in MOS 75 Z and 

75 D who are tasked with admin isteri ng 

the new syste m . Both packa ge s a rc 

a vai lable fro m th e Arm y In stitute of 

Pr o fessi on al De velop ment; US Arm y 

Tra inin g S up po r t Ce n te r ; New po r t 

News, V A 23628 . Int er est ed personnel 

sho uld use DA Form 145 to ob tain e ithe r 

package. 

SENIOR RATER'S 

RESPO NSIBILITY 

Th e ability to draw up on the know ledge an d experience of se nior officers 

within each ratin g cha in is a majo r fea ­

ture of the ne w Office r Evalua tion Repo rt (OER) . 

This develop men t will pl ace greate r 

e val u at io n a nd final rev ie w re spo n · 

si biliries on se nio r office rs in a rating 

cha in. These "senior ra te rs ," th ough 

remove d fr om immed iat e supe rvisio n, 

will be acutely aware of uni qu e organiz atio nal fa ct or s su rro und ing th e rated 

officer's per formance. 

Increased orga niza tiona l perspect ive 

and addit ional experience enab le the 

senior rater to co ns ide r and compare a 

wid e range of offi ce rs. At th e s ame 

time , he is less lik el y to co ns ide r pe rso nality tra its or person al rel ationships 

an d rel y more hea vily on how an office r's performan ce fu lfi lls the ove ra ll 

needs of the orga ni zatio n. 

Refl ect ing the change in co ncept, the 

ti tle s of the rating officials ha ve been 

changed fro m rater, indorser, and rc ­

viewer to rater , intermed iat e rat er , and 

senio r r at er . Th e se c ha nges a re n ' t 

neccss ar iIy a one- for-o ne repl acernent 

fo r those pr eviou sly used . 

Th e rater is the first per son design ated 

in th e rat in g c ha in and is usuall y the 

immed iate super visor of the ra ted officer. Th e senior rater is then selected acco rdi ng to the formul a in Figure I . 

And both the rat er a nd se nior ra ter 

have been designated , if the re is an inter mediate level of supe rv isio n between 

them , an intermediate rat er w ill also be 

design at ed . 

As an example , in a typical battalion , 

co mpa ny co mmande rs wo uld most likel y 

rat e thei r pl atoon lead ers , wit h the battalion co mma nder se rvi ng as the se nior 

rat er. Fo r most pl atoon lead ers, the re 

will prob abl y be no intermediate rate r. 

THE FORM 

The se nior rat er ' s evalu ation responsibility fo cu ses o n the ra ted officer's 

po tential in comparison wit h a sample 

populat io n of 100 office rs o f the sam e 

gr ade . This eva luation is reco rded by 

pl acing an " X " in the app ro priate box 

in the left-h and col umn o f Pa rt Vila of 

DA Form 67 -8 (OER) as sho wn In Figure 2 . 

While there are no qu ot as or rigid requirement s pl aced on the senior rat er 's 

ev aluatio n, logic imposes its ow n co nstrai nts on the num ber of office rs who 

ca n be rat ed in any particul ar block . For 

exampl e , it is ex tremely un likely that all 

of the officers rated by a se nior ra te r 

will alway s be one i n a h undre d . 

Therefore. the senior rate r who co nsis tently places all of his officers in the top 

box is distorting the sy ste m and simply 

not supp lying th e Depart men t of the 

FIGURE 1 

RATED OFFICER MINIMUM GRADE OF SENIOR RATER 

Warrant Officer 

Second Lieutenant 

First Lieutenant 

Major or GS·14 

Captain Lieutenant Colonel or GS·14 

Major Colonel or GS·15 

Lieutenant Colonel Brigadier General , or Colonel , or GS-16 

Colonel Major General, Brigadier General 

or GS-17 

Brigadier General Senior to rater and Intermediate rater 

Major General 

32 SPRING 1980
 
o
 

Army with credible rating information . 

In making this ev alua tion , the se nio r 

ra ter use s all av ailable me an s to gather 

information: his kn owledge of the rated 

officer's per form ance , records . and informat io n from oth er rating offic ials inc luding thei r evaluatio ns o n the OER. 

Perhaps the most imp orta nt source is the 

Support Form (DA Form 17-8 - 1), wri tre n by th e rat ed off ic er h ims el f and 

submitted to the ratin g chai n. T he senior 

ra ter ind icates by checki ng a blo ck in 

Part V II of the OER whether or not the 

Support Form was rec ei ved and considere d in the eval uation . 

After evalua ting the rated officer's 

potenti al. the senior ra ter re vie ws the 

entire OER and makes any co m men ts on 

pe rfo rmance , po tentia l, or any ot her 

pertinent . poin ts. The OER is then forPART VII - SENIOR RATER 

• . " O T ENTI AL E V A LUATiON (Sue CI'topfn -I. AiR 6 2.1. I05 ) b CO M M E N TS 

DA 

SR USE ONLY 

t HI 

.. 

tttt 

U"tttttt"t 

tttlttttttttt"tttttttttttt"t 

tttttltttltttlttttlt"tttttttt 

mttmm" 

tttt 

.. 

t LO 

A C O M P LE T t!:D OA FORM 6 7 -8- 1 WAf:, R f C f l Vro WITH 

THIS REPORT AND CONSI DEq ED I N frfl V EVA L UATI ON 

AND R E V IEW 

DVES D N O fI':XI,lI,i" in h) 

FIGURE 2 

wa rd ed through the M ILPO 

PERCEN aod the Support Form 

turn ed to the rated officer. 

to MILis reTHE RATI NG PRO FILE 

Wh en MILPERCEN ge ts the OER, it 

adds a rating histo ry or profile of the 

senior rater to the box in the right-hand 

co lum n of Part VIla . This profile shows 

exactl y how the senior rater e va luated 

all the officers he had rat ed up to that 

time who we re in the sa me grade as the 

rated officer. This profile enables se lection boards an d per sonnel manage rs to 

compare a given rati ng with the sen io r 

ra ter's ge ne ral rat ing tendenc y. In do ing 

so , the new system addres se s the ageold prob le m of hard as opposed to easy 

ra ters . In addition, this profile will offer 

some pro tec tion to office rs rated early in 

the new system in the event of gene ra l 

inflation later on in the life of the system . 

The Senior Rat er Profi le Report (DA 

Form 67- 8-2 ) is used to track the rating 

history o f the senior rater at Department 

of the Army . The report will be prepared an nua lly on s en ior rate rs who 

hav e rat ed at least five diffe rent officers. O ne copy of this record wi ll be 

made av ailab le to the se nio r rater and 

another wi ll be placed in his official 

military pe rso nne l file . This underscores 

the Army' s commitment to the new OER 

by imp ressing up on officers the impo rtance of tbei r responsibilit ies as se nior 

ra ters . 

ENGINEER 33 
R ENUSTED CAREER INFO
 

NEW EER REG ULATION 

For the first lime in its 20-ye ar histor y. the Enlisted Eva luation Rep orting 

Sv s re rn has its ow n re gu lati on. AR 

623 -205 . whic h hec ame effective in 

Janu ar v. IS the ne w con sol idated regul an on thut will gove rn the prep arati on and 

subm ission o f en lis te d eva luatio n repo rts. It repl aces Cha pter 8 of AR 600­

200 a nd DA Pamphlet 6 23- 1 and fol ­

lows (he sa me format as recentl y revi sed 

regulations for th e Officer Eva lua tio n 

Re poning System (AR 6 23- 1(5 ) and 

Acade mic Eva lua tion Reportin g Sys tem 

(A R 623- 1). The new EER reg ulation 

was writte n to provi de a si ngle . eas yto -read . referen ce sou rce for bo th individua l so ld iers and the man agers of the 

Enlisted Eva lua tio n Rep o rti ng Syste m. 

The new re g co nsists o f five cha pters 

a nd three app endi ces. 

E-3 PROMOTIONS 

Mor c E-3s can now be promoted beca use the Army has raised the cei ling on 

the number of E-4s within a command . 

Now. 70 percent of the total number of 

E-3s and E-4s assigned to a co mmand 

ma y be in the grade of E-4 . Th e previous limit W<lS 65 per cent. 

If, ho wever , a command finds it alread y has more E-4s than au thorized . 

e lig ible E-3s with 18 mon th s tim e in 

grad e may still be promoted , according 

to	 the new policy. Wai ver rules rem ain 

unchanged. while promot ion s to E-4 that 

arc guaranteed by enlistme nt con tracts 

or through the Stripes-for-Skills Pro ­

gram are exempt from the policy cei lin g. 

POWER LINE TRAINING 

Eng inee r Br an ch , MILPE RCE N, is 

looking for quali fied vo luntee rs to attend the Elec tric Power Line co urse offer ed by the Air For ce at Sheppard Air 

Forc e Ba se , T X . Va lu nre ers s ho uId 

have primary MOS of 5 1R, be in the pa y 

grade of E5 or E6, have a ph ysical pr ofi le of 1112 21 , a nd po s se ss po le ­

c lrrnb ing abilit y . Th e co urse is e ight 

week s long and soldiers selected 

atte nd in a TDY status and return to 

the ir pare nt unit or proceed thereafter to 

a new du ty station . Appli cation s sho uld 

include th e co u rse number, J3ABR542 3 1-00 I. and be forwarded thr ough 

the cha in of command to MILPERCEN . 

AT T N : D APC--EPT --F , 2 4 6 1 

E ise nhowe r ,Ave . , Alexand r ia, VA 

2233 1. 

THE SRB 

Ret aining qualified and ex pe rience d 

I	 so ldie rs In all MOS on active dut y is the 

primary purpose o f the Army's reenli stme nt pr ogr am. Nume ro us optio ns arc 

m ad e ava ila ble to el ig ib le enlist e d 

throu gh th is program . For most MOS. 

eno ugh so ldiers take ad vantage o f these 

reenli stm ent options to meet the per son ­

nel ne ed s o f the MOS . Ho we ver . ex ­

pe rie nce sho ws that , for so me critical 

MOS , th ose o p tio ns a lo ne a re no t 

enough to insure the retenti on of suffic ient numbers of quali fied and experienced so ldiers to meet the needs of the 

T~ST ADMINISTRATION PERIOD 

.SOT: UP-DATE 

MOS 

Active Army Reserve Components 

.SCn,2"3, 4 

TestiRg periods have been -announced for 42 initial engineer SQTa 

and 14 revised. SOTs , Many-of the tests b~gan as.eany as January. 

,, <. 1979, while others will not begin .unti'l September 1981, 

12FiMCI 

(2nd version) 

628 

(·2nd version) 

SOT 2, 3, 4 51M 

(2nd version) 

SOT 2,351G, 818, 8~B

SOT 2, 3 51R, (51N)' 

SOT 2,3 518,51 C 

'SOT 2, 3 52D, (52C)

SOT, 2, 3 62E/E/J 

SOT 2, 3 .62,G/H 

ma y 

MOS . To increa se the number of reenlistments In th ese critical MOS, th e 

Sel ect ive Reenl istmen t Bonu s (S RB) 

program was introdu ced . 

S ince 1 June 1974. when the SRB 

pr ogram bec am e e ffec tive, more than 

70 ,00 0 so ld iers ha ve received a Se lec ­

tive Reenlistment Bonu s. Not eve ry soldi er is e lig ible for an SRB. Unde rsta ndi ng w ho is eligible . ho w th e se 

bonuses are co mputed, and how a soldier wh ose MOS has no SRB can becom e elig ible for such a bonus is essential for every so ldier considering reenli stmc nt. 

Pol iCICS and procedures for awardin g 

an SRB to an e nlisted sold ier are pre ­

sc ribed in Chapter 9 of AR 600 -200 , 

Enl isted Per son nel Managem ent System . 

The SRB is designed for flexibil ity . It is 

used to o ffer an attra ct ive reenlistm ent 

incenti ve at any pr obl em reenlistm ent 

po int from 2 1 month s to 10 ye ars of acti ve se rv ice . Under the SRB program. 

two reenli stm ent peri od "lOnes" have 

been esta blished: 

• Zo ne A- reenlist ments between 2 1 

months and six years of ac tive se rvice . 

• Zone B-reen listment s between six 

and 10 ye ars of active se rvice . 

()ldi ~r serving within the ir first 10 

years o f active se rvice . wh o are qu alificd in de sign ated cr itica l MOS . and 

who reenl ist or vol untarrl y ex te nd their 

enlistments in the Regul ar Army for at 

least three years, may be paid bonu ses 

not to exceed six times their monthl y 

ba sic pa y time s the number o f yea rs of 

additional obligated se rv ice . or $ 12,000 . 

whi chever is less. 

Jan 79-Jun 79
 

Jan 80-JunSO
 

Mar SO-Sep SO
 

Jun 79-Feb SO
 

JU)180-Feb S1
 

Sep 79-Apr 80
 

Sep 79-Apr SO·
 

Dec 79-Jun80
 

Mar SO-Sep 80
 

Ju'n80-Jan81
 

Jan SD-Jun80 

Jan ar-uon S1 

Mar 80-Sep SO 

Mar S1-Sep SO 

Jun SO...:Feb 81 

Jun S1-Feb.S2 

Sep SO-Apr 81 

Sep SO-Apr 81 

Dec 80-Jun 8'1 

M.ar 81-Sep,S1 

Jun 81-Jan82 

Sep 80-Apr S1 ' Sep Sl ":Apr 82 

,51N and52C have been completed, but test administration has been delayed indefinitely pending 'resolutiqn of some MOS 

structy ral :,p~~ble rns: . 

.. 

34 SPRING 1980 
ELIGIB ILI T Y 

To be e ligible for a SR B. a s n ld ier 

I11 U,t mee t a ll of the followin g criter ia: 

• He must be ser ving on active duty . 

othe r tha n active du ty for training , in 

pay grade E-3 or above . 

• He must he qua lif ied in a primary 

MOS desi gnated for an SRB . The MOS 

must ha ve been designated as the soldier' s PMOS at least three mon th, prior 

to discharge /release from act ive d uty or 

beg in n i ng o f se rvi ce o n a n SRBqu alify ing extenx ion . 

• He must have at least 2 1 months, 

but not more than 10 yea rs. of total acti ve serv ice at the time o f re enlistmen t 

or ex te nsion. 

• He must e xtend his en listment or 

reenlist Within thr ee mon ths of disch arge 

or relea se from act ive dut y for at least 

three ye ars. 

• He must have at tained elig ibilit y 

for the bon us prior to the effective date 

ann ounced for terminat ion o f the MOS 

fro m the SRB program . 

• He must reenl ist for co nn nued ac ­

tive du ty in the PMOS held at d ischarge . 

except for ree nlist me nt for award of or 

dut y in an MOS wit hin th e no rma l 

ca reer progrc svio n pattern for the PMOS 

held at d rsc harge . In this cas e, the SR B 

assig ned to the PMOS will be used. rega rd lexs of whet her an SRB ha s been as ­

SIgned to the MOS for whic h the soldier 

is reenlisting . 

To be elig ible for a Zo nc A bon us , 

so ld ier s must als o meet the Io llow rng 

requiremen ts: 

• He must have com pleted at least 2 I 

mont h, o f continu ous ac tive se rvice , 

othe r than acnve duty for (raini ng . but 

not more th an six years of ac tive serv ice 

immedi atel y prior co disc harge. re lease 

from active dut y . or begi nning se rv ice 

on an ex tens ion. 

• He mus t ree nlis t or voluntari ly ex ­

tend his enlistme nt In the Regul ar Army 

for <I t lea st three year s. The reenl istmen t 

or ex tension. whe n cou pled with exisrmg ac tive Fede ral se rvrce , must prov ide 

a tota l period of active se rvice of at least 

six years . 

• He must not have pre vio us ly e nlisted or reenl isted . beyond six ye ars of 

acn ve se rv ice , o r begun an ex tension 

which. whe n c omple ted . will pro vide 

more th an six yea rs of total act ive xervIce. 

To be elig ible for a Zo ne B bonu s. the 

t'ofIo wi ng add itiona l requi rem e nt, mu st 

be sa tisfred : 

• He mus t ha ve comp leted a t least 

six yea rs bu t not mor e th an 10 year" o f 

active Fede ra l ser vice immed iately prior 

to discharge . rel ease from active duty . 

or beg inni ng serv ice on an e xtenx ion . 

• He must reenlist or volun tarily ex ­

(end his eniistrnent in the Regu lar Army 

for at least three ye ars. The ree nlistment 

or e x ten s ion . wh e n combin ed w ith 

existiug active ser vice, must prov ide a 

tota l period of acti ve <ervice of at least 

10 years . 

• He mu st not have pre v io usfy enlisted or reenl isted beyond 10 yea r, of 

act ive se rv ice . or begun an e xte ns ion 

which, when completed. wi ll pro vide 

more than 10 year, of service 

ARMY ENLISTED PROMOTION CRITERIA, FY 80
 

FOR MINIMUM MINIMUM 

PROMOTION TIME TIME 

TO IN SERVICE IN GRADE' " 

SELECTION 

METHOD 

SELECTION 

LEVEL 

FREQUENCY 

OF 

SELECTION 

LEVEL 

OF 

QUALIFICATION 

Grade E-2 6 Mos· - Commanding 

Officer 

Unit Daily Fully Qualified 

Grade E-3 12 Mos· 4 Mos. Commanding 

Officer 

Un it Daily FUlly Qualified 

Grade E-4 24 Mos· 6 Mos Command ing 

Officer 

Un it Daily Fully Qualified 

Grade E-5 36 Mos' B Mos SemiCentralized Local Selection 

Board 

Monthly Best Qualified 

In MOS 

Grade E-6 7 VI's.·' 10 Mos SemlCentralized Local Selection 

Board 

Monthly Best Qaulified 

in MOS 

Grade E-7 None Announced 

Considered in in Zone 

Determining 

Zone 

DA Board Dept. of Army Annually Best Qualified 

by Career 

Management Field 

Grade E-8 None Announced 

Considered i n in Zone 

Determining 

Zone 

DA Board Dept. of Army Annually Best Qualified 

by Career 

Management Field 

Grade E-9 None Announced 

Considered In in Zone 

Determining 

Zone 

DA Board Dept. of Army Annually Best Qualified 

by Career 

Management Field 

• May be waived w ithin constraints. 

•• Soldiers who meet the minimum time in service requirement are placed in the primary zone and those requiring
 

waiver are placed In the secondary zone. Each month available promotions are determined by DA and cutoff scores
 

are then announced allowing that number of promotions to be made,
 

••• may be wa ived by one-half.
 

ENGINEER 35 
F1ENGINEER PROBLEM
 

Milit ar y histo rv include s num erou s 

exa mplcs -o f lac l(ca l operu rions wh ich 

ca n he u-cd for train ing IOday' su ldic rs 

De scrt bed be low on e e xamplc ot an 

uus ucce vstul d eh beraic au ac k , 

In March 194 3. G rea t Brit ain ' « 20 1st 

G ua rds Mot o r Br ig ud c c ar ned o u t a 

niulu a ll ad on a nn \! of hil ls held bv the 

cn'c m) an OUIPl'" o f the Mar cth 'Line 

in Tu m xia . No rt h Afr ica . The h ills 

stre tched 1.000 to 2.000 met ers heyo nd 

the Wadi Zc ss, a dry riv er be d wi th 

steep bank s rang ing from I 5 10 10 meter " dee p 

Air re connmssan ce revea led d iggin g 

and wire , hu t di d not reveal t wo de nse 

mine -f'ie Ids ne ar lv I .OOD me te rs deep 

be tween the \Vad i' and ene my positio ns. 

T wo nigh ts were av ailable fo r patro llmg . but in o rder 10 re tam the surprise 

cl ement. no pat rnll s were permitted beyo nd the Wadi . As a result . the mm cfiel ds wer e und etecte d prior to au ack . 

Enem y pusui o n« were app ro x imurc l v 

11 .()O(} me te rs from those of the Br iu sh 

a nd o ve rloo ked al l o f the mterve n ing 

ter rain. Wor king With nine and a ha lf 

hou rs of dark ness . rhe British allotted 

-

om' and a half hours to cove r the long 

ap proach. and two and a hal I' hou rs to 

cross the Wad i and ca pture the o bj ec ­

tives Th e plan wa s to use the remain ing 

frve an d a half hou rs o r d arknes s 10 ope n 

vehic le croxsiug» ov er the Wadi . and 10 

put suppo rt weapons. ammunitio n. and 

radi o vehic les onto the objec ti es before 

firs t light. 

The bri gad e attack ed with two ImHOf17ed baua lion s forwa rd . ea ch co nsisu ng 

o f thre e mot or co mpanies and an anti ­

tank company. Th e assault of the righ t 

hattah on , rhe nth Gre nad ier Gua rds . is 

de scribed below. 

The 11 th attack ed with a ll thre e motor 

companies for ward . bUI no troop s available to occ upy Poi nt I 17 . a spur leading 

off from the other han alin n s o bjective , 

The re wa~ no re se rve . 

The nth Grenad ier c rossed the Wadi 

on lime a nd wu hou r incid ent. The y immed iatel y e nco unte red the m iuefi e lds 

hevo nd the river. howeve r. The fields 

incl uded aniiper sonnc l mine s . "laid almost rou ch ms eac h ot he r " and caused 

approxi matelv 50 casualties within the 

first few minute s. But despite ibe mine s. 

a ll thr ee corn panies reach ed th e ir objeclive s with in the allott ed lime . 

The) w ere follow ed hy an e ngin eer 

force. who se ta sk was 10 ope n a crossi ng 

ove r the Wadi for the an tita nk co mpany 

and other support veh ic les . By no w. the 

enemy w ax firing heavi ly on the Wadi 

wi th morta rs and machineg un s fro m 

Point 117 . With in a n hour and a half. 

the eng inee rs had c rosse d the river and 

brea ch e d th e li rs t s t rrp s o f mi nes 

British an tita nk gu ns and artr llerv torwa rd o bs c r v a n o n v c h rc lc s ( FO V s) 

start ed to cross. The y immed iately ra n 

Into more mines. which . coupled with 

d irec t e ne my artille ry hit>. lit the area 

with bl azin g vehic les All British FOVs 

were knock ed out . as well as mo st of the 

an tita nk guns and per sonn el ca rrie rs. 

Dense belt s o f ene my min es prevent ed 

furthe r attc mptv 10 move forward. All 

bUI t wo Il l' th e Briu sh sappers we re 

kil led or wo unded , 

Soo n afte r firsr Iight . the three mot o r 

co mpa nies we re orde red 10 wuh dr aw 

unde r cove r of smo ke . The surv ivors of 

only two compan ies could be e xtr icated . 

Casualt ie s total ed 24 o fficers and 255 

pe rsonnel of other ranks . Survivors wer e 

lew . 

Wh at is the most SIgn ifican t conc lusion whi ch can be dra wn from this his ­

torical acc ount of a delib e rate an uck? 

And . In the light of curre nI doctrine. 

wha t im porta nt cons ideratio ns d id the 

British ov e rlook in the ir plan o f au uck? 

See THE SCHOOL SOLUTION. page 40 

N 

DIRECTION OF ATTACK 1­

6th GRENADIER GUARDS 

"
 

3rd GOLDSTREAM GUARDS 

____-x----­

o 1,000 2 ,000 3 ,000 4 ,000 5 ,000 6 .000 7 ,000

, , , , , ,
 I I 

ROUGH SCALE METERS 

36 SPRING 1980 
n NCO CHANNELS
 

A s co m m a n d e r o f t h e No n ­

commissio ne d O ffice r Ed ucati on System 

(NCO ES ) De tachmen t, [ have obse rved 

many so ld ie rs re porting fo r the Ad va nc e 

Co urse who are de ficient in basic ac a ­

demic sk ills (Math, re ading , langu age) . 

1 find it nece ssary 10 so licit yo u r ass ista nce to Insure that ind i vidu als no minat ed a nd se lec te d to a tte nd the En ­

g ineer Adva nce Course are g ive n appropri at e ad vice and g uid ance in preparing 

for thi s c ha lle ng ing ste p in th e ir milit ar y 

c areers . 

Adv ance Co u rs e stu d ent s must be 

sc ree ne d wel l in advanc e of their report ing d at e to identify aca de mic defiei en cies and to tak e positive act io n to 

c orr ec t th ose d efici en c ies prio r to their 

arri va l at The En gineer Sch oo l. 1cannot 

prov id e a "cure a ll " to e liminate thi s 

prohl em , but the fo llowing sugges tio ns 

may help yo u in definin g th e ed uc atio na l 

....	 ne ed s o f sol d ie rs se lec te d from yo u r 

bat tali ons, 

All students who repo rt for the Ad ­

vanc e Co urse must have a high school 

ed uc a tion, o r its e qu iv al ent, but a pproximate ly one -third of all stude nts fall 

bel ow the 9t h grade le vel in rea d ing 

com pre he ns io n, ma th . langu ag e, a nd 

spe ll ing . S ome sugge sted act io ns to red uce these d e fic ie nc ies are Iist cd be low: 

• Unit educatio n centers sho uld co ndu ct diagn o stic testing for se lected stu ­

d ents to d efine skill d efici en ci e s, a nd 

eac h ce nter s hould dev elo p its ow n p ro ­

gram to satisfy stude nt needs. 

• Pl atoon se rge an ts and higher ranking NC Os mUSI suppo rt their unit's ed uc atio n p rogr am and. if necessary , " usc 

a big hoo t " to ins ure th at personne l atten d . 

• T he Ba sic S kills Educ at ion Pro ­

gram (BSEP) m ust ha ve the sup po rt of 

all NC Os and junior e nlisted pe rson ne l. 

• A ll personn e l sho uld be informed 

o f the o ff-d u ty ed ucatio na l opporruni ­

t ie s , in c l ud in g t he c o r re s p 0 nd en c e 

course sy stem for professional d eve lop ­

menl o 

• Unit ed ucati o n goals sho uld be se l 

at the 12th grade le ve l for E6s. M any of 

them wer e awarded G ED s years ago an d 

hav e lo st to uc h with ba sic ac adem ic 

skills . 

M an y st ude nts re po rt to the Ad vance 

Co u rse l ac kin g k now le dge o f basi c 

mili tary s ubjects s uc h as mi litary j ustice . camo ufl age. map rea din g, and lac ­

tics. Ke y sec tio ns in th e Sold iers Manual of Co mmon Task s wh ich co uld help 

elimi na t e this d efi c ien c y a re l ist ed 

bel o w: 

• Indi vid ual Fitness, Ski ll Le vel 3 

• Cam ou flage . Cover , and Con ce al ­

ment , S ki ll Level I 

• Land Naviga tion Skill Le ve ls 3 & 4 

• Le ad er sh ip , Sk ill Leve ls 3 & 4 

• Training , Skill Leve ls 3 & 4 

• T ac tic s , Admin istrat ion , S k ill 

ENGINEER HOTLINE 

If you have a problem relating to engineer doctrine, TO,E 

organization, MOS, equipment, manuals, training, or traininq 

development, call the Engineer HOTLINE, Autovon 354-3646 

or commercial 703-664-3646 . Identify yourself by name, 

unit/activity, unit address, and phone number. Then simply 

identify the SUbject matter and problem, All information is 

recorded on tape and reviewed three times daily. Experts on 

the subject of your problem will be contacted immediately and 

tasked to respond by telephone, if possible, within three days 

or as soon as possible. Since HOTLINE was initiated by The 

Engineer School last July, an average of 16 calls per month 

have been received. If you have a problem , don't hesitate to 

call the Engineer HOTLINE. 

ENGINEER 

Le ve l 4 

Fo r stude nts w ho have recentl y bee n 

reclassified int o an Engi ne e r MOS . o r 

who have bee n assigned to d u ties ou tside the ir primar y MOS and ha ve lo st 

to uch w it h e ngi neer s ubj ec ts . the fo llow ing suggestio ns sho uld he lp prepa re 

fo r the Ad van ce Co urse : 

• Di sc us s e ng inee r ta sk s a nd the 

cnrnhat e ngi ne er rol e in th e co mbined 

arms te am with expe rien ced and knowledge ab le NCO s and o ffice rs: 

• Visit study ac t iv ities w here c n ­

g inee r su bjects a re av ailab le : 

• Re v ie w Land m in e W a rf ar e . Rcconnaissance , Fie ld Fo rt ifica tio ns . and 

Dem oliti ons in Fi e ld Man uals , Tra ining 

M a n ua ls. a nd Sold ie rs Manu als. Rec ­

omme nd FM 5- 34 as an cxce llenr study 

g uide in preparati on fo r ENCO A . 

Som e studen ts pe rce ive that Th e Eng ll1eer Sc hoo l le ach e s ad vuncc c o urse 

stude nts ho w 10 fuse a min e , iden tify 

b rid ge pans , and other sk Ills at Le vel s 1 

& 2 . In fa ct . so me students ac tuall y ask . 

" W ha t i s a mine?"' Ba sic materi al is 

tau ght in the Bas ic NCO Course a nd al 

unit le vel , not in the Ad va nce Course 

ENCOA ha s very litt le hands-on training . Stud e nts mu st a lready know basic 

brid ge parts, typ es of mines, typ e s o f 

exp losives. a nd the y mu st he fam iliar 

w ith weapo ns a nd eq ui p ment th at are 

com mon 10 com ba t and combat he avy 

un its . It is disturb ing tha t so me e ngine er 

E6 s with up to 15 ye ars of ac tive se rv ice 

c anno t pe rform S kill Le ve l 1 tas ks. 

A no the r pro bl em In vol ve s we ight 

stand ards. Appro xima tely 20 perce nt o f 

all	 ENC OA st ude n ts a rc ove r w e igh r 

w hen th e y rep ort to Th e En gin e er 

Sc hoo l. So me are gr os sly o ve rwei ght. I 

hope yo u will cautio n yo u r troop s well 

in advance o f their re pon ing d at e sinc e a 

wei gh t pr obl em ca n become a matt er of 

re cord on their Aca dem ic Effic ie ncy 

Rep o rt. S tude nts a re required to ach ie ve 

a pa ssing score on the Staff and S pec ialist PT Test du ring the co urs e . 

I ha ve addressed o nly the d efici e nc ies 

of E NC OA stude nts in thi s letter. but 

that does not me an that all stude nts ha ve 

pro blems. In fact , the maj ority of NCOs 

who arrive he re are high qu alit y and a 

tr ibute to the ir re spect ive units. Ir you 

need add itio na l -info rmatio n o r if I c an 

offe r furt he r assista nce in pr ep arin g yo u r 

so ld iers for E NCOA . please do n'T he s itate to co ntac t me . Teleph on e com merc ia l 7 03 -6 64 - 107 3 . o r A U TOVON 

354 -10 73 . 

D ELNORA REC TOR 

ISG. US A 

Command ing 

NC O ES Detachmen t 

3rd Batt alion, US AET BDE 

Fo rt Bel voi r, VA 22060 

37 
R RESERVE COMPONENTS
 

OFFIC ER ADVA NCE COU RSE 

Tw o U.S. Army Reserve scho o ls arc 

schedule d to teach two phase s eac h of 

the USA R Eng inee r Offi ce rs Adva nce 

Cou rse thi s su mmer ill Fort Bel voi r. 

VA Pha ses IA and IV will be laught 

15- 2H Jun e by the 32HX USA R Schoo l 

o f Gr ee nvil le . S c.. wh ile phases II and 

VI w t]] be tau ght 6 - IY Jul y by the 1036 

USA R Schoo l of Farre ll, PA . Prercq ­

u"it e, for attendance at ei the r sessio n 

incl ude (he following : 

• Memb er ship In the US Army Reserve o r Nati onal Gu ard 

• A gra de o f first lieutenant or above 

• Prev ious co mpletio n of any Office r 

B<tS lC Co urse 

App lic ations wil l not be acce pted for 

ph ase s previouv ly c omp letcd or fro m 

pe rso n nel w ho ha ve prc vi ou xly co mpleted all requirements o f the Engineer 

Officer s Adv anc e Cuurs e . In add rtio n. 

app lica nts fo r pha se IV mus t have . a s a 

minimu m. an Inte rim Secr et Secu rity 

Cleara nce . and appl ica nts for phase IA 

m us t ha ve a Co nfid en tia l Se c ur it y 

C learance. 

A pp licat ro ns fo r Ac ti ve Dut y for 

Train ing sho uld be pro cesscd thro ug h 

norma l command c ha nnels. Add it io nal 

infor mat ion o r q uestio ns regarding enro llme nt shou ld be addre ssed to: Com ­

mand an t. US Arm y Eng inee r Ccn rcr. 

AT T N: ATZA-[)T R ( In d Tng S c c i ). 

Fort Bel vo ir. VA 22060 . Telephone Inwat x ROO-336-3095 (e xt . 40(5), co mmer ci al 703- 664 -4095 . or AUTOVON 

354 -4095 . 

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIAnONS 

MOSI profession al assoc iat io ns ex ist 

for the primary pu rpose of disscrnm ating 

information about developm ent s and ~­

xuc s o f int e re st 10 th e ir m c mbe rs . 

Among the pr o fe s sio na l asso c i a tions 

avai lable to mem bers o f the Army Re ­

se rve are the foll o wing: 

• Association of {he United Stares 

A rmy . Member ship IS ope n to all mem ­

be rs o f the US Army Reserve and ine ludes a subscription to " ARMY" magali ne . Address : 24 25 Wilson Bo ule vard . 

Arlingto n. VA 2220 I. 

• Reserv e Officers Association of the 

United States, Membership i~ o pc n to 

3 8 

a ll o ffice rs of the USAR and incl udes a 

subscn prion to " OFFICER" magazine. 

Add ress : I Co nsti tution Avenue . N.E.: 

Washm gt o n , D .C. 2000 2. 

• E nli st ed Res er ve Asso cia tion . 

Mem b ersh ip i s o pe n to a ll e nl i s red 

membe rs of the USA R. Addre ss: I Con ­

sritutio n Ave nue . N E.: Washin gt on. 

D.C 2000 2 

• Se nior Arm\' Reser ve Commanders 

Association, Membership IS ope n to all 

se nio r commanders . dep uty commandc rs , and c hiefs 01 sta ff o f USA R units. 

Add rc ss: Sic LT C Fran ci s H . Bl a ncl. 

Secret ar y/Tre asu rer. :l IOt B urd xto wu 

RO:ld . Loui sville . K Y 40205 . 

CIOR COMPETITION 

The ln te ralh ed Confcd c ra u on of Reser ve Office rs (C IOR) is looking for officers and enl isted athletes to compete in 

the CIOR militar y sk ills competition in 

Mont rea l dur mg the pe riod 30 Jul y- 8 

August. The co rnpc u tron will Incl ude 

running and swimming. nfl c , pistol and 

sub m ac h ine g un m ar ksmans hip , and 

orientee ring. Th e U.S. wil l send a 24­

man team of officers and en listed perso nnel to compete agu mst Reserve team s 

from 12 of the 15 :-;rATO nati on s CIOR 

app lic ants sho uld be ab le to run fi ve 

mil es in less than ."\ 21

/ 2 minutes. sw im SO 

me te rs in :1 6 se co nds . and do I() pullups . Interested indi vid uals sho uld contact Ca ptain Roger Harvey. U5 MPTC . 

Building IRY, Fort Sa m Houston. TX . 

78234 for fu rthe r inform ation and appli ­

cat ion procedu res . App lica uo n deadli ne 

is 20 March . 

REPORTING CH ANGES IN 

STATUS 

Me mbe rs of the US Army Reser ve 

who have a cha nge in add re ss, manta] 

status . number of depende nts. or c ivilian employment are requi red to rep ort 

tho se changes. Changes in physica l co nd ition th at would pre ven t meeti ng preSC ribed phy sical or men tal sta nda rd, 

must also be repor ted . Non-unit Ready 

Reser vists sho uld re po rt c hanges in 

writ ing to the Com ma nde r. US Army 

Res erv e Co mp one n ts Per sonnel and 

Administration Ce nte r. A1TN: AGU Z ­

RMR -D. 9 700 Pa g e Boule vard. 51. 

Louis. MO 63132 . Cha nges in physica l 

stat us shou ld be ad d ressed to o ff ice 

symbo l AGUZ-RCH. Members o f Troop 

Progr am Units sho uld report change s to 

their u nit commanders dur ing sched uled 

meet ings. 

TRAINI NG REG CHA NGES 

FO RSCO M Regul ati on 350 -- 2. the 

Re serve Co m pone n t ' s "b ib le " for 

tr ain ing . will un der go maj or su rgery 

betwee n now and the end o f the current 

fisc al year Th e new docume nt's pro ­

po sed e ffective da te is Octob er I. 

To be cut from the curre nt reg ulatio n 

will be as many app endi ce s as po ssibl e . 

The basic docu ment will also be pared 

down to a llo w Reserv e Co mpo ne nt 

commanders more flexibility. 

USAR STRENGTH 

U.S . Army Reser ve strength has in ­

creased for the firs t time since (he beginning o f the All Vo lunteer Arm y era . 

Paid d rill streng th (PDS) incre ase d fro m 

185 .75 3 to 189 .990 in Fiscal Year 1979 . 

Th e [rend is exp ected to con tinue as a 

resul t of bon us es . full-ti me mannin g . 

sp lit training . and full -ti me recruite rs . 

:"C FULL-TIME PROGRAM 

Th e Army Na t io na l Guard' s FullTime Mil it ary Program was de veloped 

to c nh a nc e the re adin e ss po stu re of 

se lec ted ARN G units. It co mple me nts 

the techn ici an program and seek s 10 

remedy the curre nt shortage of ful l-tim e 

per sonn el needed for a stron g. effectiv e 

National Gua rd. 

The program has two distinct as pec ts: 

Co nve rsio n to Fu l l-T'rm e M il itar y 

(CFTM ) and Ad ditive Ful l-Ti me Manning (AFT M). 

CF TM concerns vacan t techni ci an position s design ated to be fill ed by fulltime military personnel. Any vac ant pos i tion not designa te d to be fill ed by 

me ri t promo tio n can be fi l led b y a 

Guard mem be r 10 a full -time mili tary 

status. pro vided the member meets the 

requ iremen ts for suc h dut y . A CFTM 

person occupies a TOE positi o n within 

the assigned unit and is elig ible to compete for un it posit ion s and promotion s. 

The local unit has the opti on to fill all 

autho rrzed full -lime positions. Prio rity 

will usuall y be give n to unit members. 

othe r Guard members. and acti ve Army . 

in that o rder. Initial projection s suggest 

that ac tive Army personnel will fill apSPRING 1980 
pro ximatel y o ne pe rcent of the ava ilab le 

posi tion s. 

O n ly CFTM personnel wi ll occu py 

uni t po sitio n s . T he uni t co m ma nder 

exercises command supe rvis io n ove r all 

full -ti me members o f his uni t , and the 

co mmander or a desig nee rat es and /o r 

evaluates full-lime pe rsonne l the sa me 

as o the r members o f his uni t. 

Add itive Full-TIme Mannin g allows 

add it io nal full-time per s onn el to be attac he d to se lected un its in o rde r to improve the ir re adin ess. 

AFT M personnel are assigned d uti es 

co rnpa u ble with their MOS . T hey wo rk 

for the unit co m mander bUI do nOI occupy a T OE positio n. They mus t atte nd 

uni t drills and annu al tra ining in add ition to ca rry ing out their dail y work assignme n ts . AFT M pers onn el ar e assig ne d at state level an d se rve under 

Title 32 U.s.c ., whi ch pl ace s authority 

Platoon Sergeant Richard McBain 

drive s home a c onne c to r on a 

Ba ile y Bridge wh i ch h is Ma ssachusetts Nat iona l Guard 

Un it-Company B , 101st En ­

gineer Battalion , 26th (Yankee) 

Infantry Division -const ructed recently as a temporary replacemen t ~r the c ondemned Pearl 

Street Bridge in Lowell, MA. More 

than 75 citizen-s oldiers of Company B and Headquarters Company turned out for the weekend 

trai ning and commun it y ass istance project. ( Ph o to by SP5 

Thomas J. Spisak) 

fo r co n trol of the vast ma j ority o f fulltim e mil itary personnel un der th e sla te 

adj uta nts ge ne ra l. 

Pe rson s e nteri ng act ive d uty und er the 

A rmy N a tio na l G ua r d 's Fu ll- Time 

Mili t ary Program will be e ntitled to 

mo st of the be nefits and pri vile ge s of 

Ac tive A rmy pe rsonnel. 

Th e program is ex pec ted to be o ngo ­

ing , a nd to o ffer career oppo rtuni ties fo r 

adva nce me nt and re tireme nt. 

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ENGINEER 39 
F1THE SCHOOL SOLUTION
 

The most sign ifi cant concl usion to be drawn from the night attack of 

Great Britain's 201 st Guards Mot or Brigade in March 1943 is that an 

antiperso nnel min efield should not be able to stop a we ll-planned, determined attack by first cl ass infantry . 

Several breache s of current doctrine are obvious. Th e first principl e of 

offensive operation s is to " see the battlefield." The implication is that 

engi neers help the tactical commander " see the battlefi eld" by conducting rec onnaissance to provide informati on on ob stacles. In this case, reco nna issance was not conducted for security rea son s. Thu s, the British 

brigade had no kn owledge of the min efield before the attack . If possibl e, 

troop s who co nduct the breach sho uld be those who cond uct the reconnai ssance. 

The failure to breach the min efield was due to the lack of adequat e 

breaching resources. Regardless of rec onnaissance operatio ns , engineer 

resour ces mu st be placed when and where a requirement is likel y . One 

must plan for the worst, i.e . all contingencies. 

Before an obst acle breach can be atte mpted, enemy weapons mu st be 

suppressed . Becau se enemy weapon s on Point 117 (10 machinegun s) 

were not suppressed . the breach was attempted und er very heavy dire ct 

fire. 

Alth ough darkne ss was used to screen enemy obse rva tion, the breach 

was not completed by first light. Th e effectiveness of enemy weapon s, 

greatly increased , of course, as soo n as the enemy was abl e to obs erv e 

the breaching opera tion . Smoke sho uld have been used to obs cure the 

enemy ' s observ ation in daylight. With smoke. the breach attempt may 

have succeeded. 

Th e far side of the obstacle was not completel y secure d , as it should 

have been under current doctrine . That does not mean that a deliber ate 

breach can be conducted only after the far side of an obstacle is secured. 

But , after the British infantry had gallantly and succes sfully crossed the 

min efield, not enough troops rem ained to secure Point 117 . 

Infantry mu st not be separated from heavy' support weapons for long 

periods. Remember that Soviet defense doctrine requires a heav y armored force in re serve . The lack of hea vy support weapon s in this case 

prevented the infantry from with standing the enemy co unterattack. 

SUMMARY 

To summarize , the courageous British attack fail ed primarily due to a 

lack of reconnaissance prior to and during the att ack . Other mist akes 

co ntributing to defeat were: the failure to suppress ene my weapons; the 

fa ilure to use smoke to o bscure e nemy observ ation; the failure to secure 

the far side of the obstacle; and the failure to reduce the obstacle . 

" u S GO V E R N M E NT pq IN T ING O Ff'I C E 1!t80-0 - i>2C - n 4 -1 

40 SPRING 1980