The Professional Bulletin of Army Engineers 
I I U.S. Army Engineer School 

573-xxx-xxxx I DSN 676-xxxx 

COMMANDANT 

MG Anders 6. Aadland 

563-61 58 

Aadlanda@wooo.army.mii 

ASSISTANT COMMANDANT 

BG Ronald L. Johnson 

563-61 92 

Johnsoro@wood.army.mil 

COMMAND SERGEANTMAJOR 

CSM Robert R. Robinson 

563-8060 

Robinsonr@wood.army.mil 

DEPLTY ASSISTANTCOMMANDANT 

COL Douglas L. Horn 

563-8080 

Hornd@wood.army.mil 

DEPUTY ASSISTANT COMMANDANT- USAR 

COL Jimmy T. Fox 

563-8045 

Foxj@wood.army.mil 

DEPUTY ASSISTANT COMMANDANT-ARNG 

LTC Robert Hudnall 

563-8046 

Hudnallr@wood.army.mil 

TRADOC SYSTEMS MANAGER for 

ENGINEERCOMBATSYSTEMS 

COL John Holler 

563-4081 

Hollerj@waod.army.mil 

TRADOC PROGRAM INTEGRATION OFFlCE-TERRAIN DATA 

COL William Pierce 

563-4086 

PiercewQ wood.army.mil 

COMMANDER, 1st ENGINEER BRIGADE 

COL Louis R. Best 

596-0224 

Bestl@wood.army.mil 

DIRECTOR OFTRAINING 

COL James Rowan 

563-4093 

Rowanj Qwood.army.mii 

DIRECTOR OF INSTRUCTION 

Dr. Rebecca Johnson 

563-4129 

Johnsonr@wood.army.mil 

CHIEFOF DOCTRINE 

LTC Harry Rossander 

563-7537 

Rossandh@wood.army.mil 

COUNTERMINETRAINING SUPPORTCENTER 

Mr. Paul Arcangeli 

596-3869 

Arcangelip@wood.army.mil 

By Order of the Sec f the Army: 

ERIC K. SHlNSEKl 

General, United States Army 

Chief of Staff 

Official: 

" 

JOEL B. HUDSON 

Administrative Assistant to the 

Secretary of the Army 

OlMOl 

Engineer (ISSN 0046-19890) is prepared quarterly b! 

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~-~-. 

- - +=--L,: y ', - The Professional Bulletin of Army Engineers i 

12001 Headquarters. Department of the Army Volume 31 PB 5-01-2 ' 

UNrTED STATES ARMY 

ENGINEER SCHOOL 

COMMANDANT 

Major General 

Anders B. Aadland 

MANAGING EDITOR 

Lynne Sparks 

EDrrOR 

Shirley Bndges 

GRAPHIC DESIGNER 

Jennrter Morgan 

Front Cover: 

Engineers m Translorrnafioni The M113 

armored personnel 

camer fhrough fhe 

Bradley irghhng vehcle to 

the hghf armored vehicle 

FEATURES 

4 Engineer Force-Modernization Strategy 

By Caplain 'N/iljam R Guevremonf Ill 

6 Concept and Organization of the IBCT Engineer Company 

Bv fdajajar Anthony 0. Wright 

10 Going. Going. Gone ... Bidding Farewell to the 1:50.000-Scale Topographic Line Map 

By Colonel William Pierce 

!a Geospatial Engineering: A Rapidly Expanding Engineer Mission 

By Lieufenanf Colonel (Rebred) Earl Hooper Mi Bnan Murphv 

and Chief Warranf Oflrcer 2 Chns Morken 

16 Disseminating Digital Terrain Data to Warfighters 

Bv Ralph M. Erwin 

18 Force XXI Engineers-An Update From the Field 

By Lreufenanr Colonel Jeffrey A. Bedey 

19 Transitioning to the Bradley 

By Captain Jason Kirk and Lleulenanf Colonel Jeffrey A. Bedey 

22 Facing the CSS Challenge 

By Captain William L. Judson. Major Richard J. Muraski Jr. 

and Lieufenanf Colonel Jeffrey A. Bedey 

29 The Engineer Scout Platoon: A Necessity 

Bv Ffrsf Lreurenanf Jason Dersfler and Captarn Aaron Reisrnqer 

35 554th Engineer Battalion-Looking for Outstanding Officer Platoon Trainers 

By Captarn Knsfy Wolfe 

36 The Grizzly: A System of One 

By Cofonel Michael K. Asada, Lieulenanf Colonel Theodore L Jennrngs Jr,. 

and Wesley L Glasgow 

42 Educational Changes in the Transforming Army 

By Colonel Jzmes R Rowan and Major Dallan J. Scherer I1 

show changes m fhe way 19 The Adaptive Engineer Leader 

engineers move. I Bv L!eufenanr Colonel Chrislopher J. Toomey 

Back Cover: 

See page 73. 

32 Transforming the 130th Engineer Brigade ... One Step at a Time 

By Colonel Todd T Semonife and Major Russ LaChance 

54 94th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) FEMs 

Bv Canlain Brlan Baraniak 

55 54th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Mechanized) FEMs 

By Lieufenanf Colonel Bill Rapp 

58 565th Engineer Battalion FEMs 

By A4a)or George Simon 

53 The U.S. Army Engineer School 

By Dr. Lariy Robeils 

I I 

I 

DEPARTMENTS 

2 Clear The Way 55 PERSCOM Notes 

By Major Generai Anders B. Aadfand By Captam Ronnre B. Gf'iffin 

3 Lead The Way 68 CTC Notes 

By Command Sergeanf Major Robed R. Robinson By Lieulenanf Coionei Scon Btckell (BCTP) 

9 The Engineer Writer's Guide 70 Engineer Update 

61 Personal Viewpoint - "Sappers Transformed" 73 News and Notes 

By Capfain Daniel J. Taphorn 
- - -~ 

A !.. ~. - - -, 

By Mqjor General Ande,:~ R. Actdlnrzd i 

, ., . Coiiznzanrlan~, U.S. Anliy Engineer Scliool R' \ 1 

- . .- =- ~ 

- . 

Y nil c;kn feel real cscilement in the air ;IS 4. IBCT/IDI\' ILnsineers. This breakout 

we hcod rou-aid ENFORCE ?Oill! Thi\ scssio~i hill take ti lirsth:~~al look at the Engineer 

iwue is dedicnrcd to llie programi. 11nit\i11 rheIBCTnnd lDlV and recommendchanges 

itii18.ili\.e,. and dynnniics that will receive wp lo lhelp or mcorc aptirn;tl bans lor the buck. This 

bi1lln:duriny thix ye;~l-'\conference. 1t's;tlli~h~~ut is an :\.a we must get riglil llie (il.st titlie. 

ch;inpe-the concept ot "Engiiicers Leading 5. <;eospatial Engineering. This is probably T~;insfolnintinn" stittei, oi~l-chnllm$i~ipc;~sc. Witli ~hc;irenth:a i\changing ini,st mpi<lly. \Venrecau~ht 

the n\aiit;tncc nf our Re~iii~ent'\ oulsI:~nrliny in the virtual ope~ring of n new el.;$. where the 

lrnilers (acrivc. reserve. and retired il~ilit:iry: iiorl'ielitcr will not lia\c those halrl-coly 1 :50.000 

civilian: ;ind cilnrlnutol-i. holstsred h) ;I rich sI;~tc mnps hut call be inu~tdatetl with tcl.i.uili derails that 

~,fpursl spcakcrc. \rc;nrpaiszJ toper1 this otiioli lie would never dratni possible. Does lie wztiit 111. 

io every w;iy me can. Be prcpirrd to li;lvc fwi, hc need all tl>ih is o\.;~ilable? Does the Engincct. or S21 

steeped in c;t~naraderic aliil hriinvh revrlry. ;lnd G2 provide thc right \tul'f to tllc d~visio~llcorpc \vorh to con\.ey s, yaov pnlpr~nctil tile cau],elling CC? How is NlMA lielping the Army's lhnsreqi~it~~tlents ;tnd prioritieh oiiior Repilncnl its it formation ofC-IlSR? 

att;bckc !he ch;~llengcs of tlic Army', Tlalts- 6. MineICnontermine. Will the Obiectivc formnii,~ii ;tb a teaxi. LVe hope to liiake prolr~ond Fn~e have mines in it\ :irsc~i:~i'? Koa that we tinall?. steps ~~\iiird ilill- fu1~1.e dol.i!i~ thi5 YC:II.-S 

,re cnii\cnl:i~n.~l (KIM t~iinefieltis p~~ssilig f.0111 tlir CCCIIC. \v11al will be the conlerence atid help ce\olvc kc? iasueh rcpnlinp thc Legacy. Iliuet.i~ti. nilne5 end oh\taclcs olclioice ibrtlie f~~tole'? Hn\v sniiln r~r brillialit will :iiid Olhjectivc Fcriccs. they heconie? 011 thc col~lno?nine bide. uaill u:e ~CI lheyond the heavy. 

0111 liNF<)RCE 2001 then~c clalrI), (lelineates lrur nced to think hn~te-force bseishing ~iiclhr~rlc <,!'the Legacy Force? What technolopies 

atiatryic:tlly onrl plan proactively our bntnuh azimuth illid Ii111bl.c pr~lllisef,ll the lnler.illl fi,lce breather? HOW will 111~ U~illihill~d. 

need, ah :I vtial member oltlls co~ilbined-o~-mr trarn. A? pan of that arllls tn;llleuver f~~c llnnclle tile llline flire;,fl Thi\ brc;ikollr session &ill 

process. llic USAES Ie~idel-?hip identified six hreakout sescinns to lielp 11s li~id anhners ro trpen the piites to mine w;irf;~lr nl the fi~turn. 

address key :!reiis in which we need help liom the field roanaiyrc and ENFO~~~ ?wl a,cck iq filll iillportan, acti,,iriec, develop rrec~~oiinc~ided s~llt~tions. Each arc;^ is critical to the cuccrsr ,e lor,k <,r,u ard,otlleEnpinrn.RcginlelllelRevieW, wllere we will 

of the Rcgllnriit atid lhe Arni? a\ ~c ptvc [lie way tomard n,htls loo,,roreat llegimml ill a li,ll~.~l~nol-cd cerpmony ;,,,d see 

Tmnsfnl-mation. Here ;ire,j~~sr n feu, rhouphrs on each unil'c colon tlyinp pn~udly. During flir Ariny Enpincer Asstrciz~tion 

I. Officer Developlnent and Retentiou. The Ar~iiy has ~~~iting luncheon. we will wclcoo~e our new Hon~~r:u-). C<rl<mul ;~nd CSM ~rf thr 

tlii~ig~ in s101e frw OLII~~~C~IICII:LII~~. IKADOC just kicked off :lie pilot Regimen1 ;tnd s;~y thanks to rxlr outgoing pair, We will break groond for 

courses of the Baic Officer Lctdrr's Colcrsc (DOLC) at Fort Beliliing IheEngineer Mcriiof.ial Gn~vr. whiab\viJl kthe filturesiteof i)urEnpitieer 

fbr llealy a.;\essed 2LTs. The concept calls for all ncw ?LTc lo AlT and OSllT Ritcs of Passage. This glnvc will lielp us remember ai~r 

, attend BOLC-a field-oric~iteil. lenrlersliip-challenoing courrc- great heritage. Ihose E~~pitiee~s who served. ttnd liase who madc rlic 

followed by hnsic-course auendoncc ;ti their proponent school. The t~lti~iiates;~aifice loruul-country Asnccnccute tlie Ar~tiyTranstbmiatio~~. 

additional demands impilsrd by the Army'\ Tr;r;lnsforln;iti~111 quest we rnust !leva- fail In lilok lonur histol). ah ;I guidin@ lighl. 

requires LIS to relo~k what we teach and how we teach our filture So. we look forblword 1~1 seeing you cum~ii:mder~. CSMs. DPWc. 

lead el.^. We Inud prepare o~tr young offii'crs to he aiiaptive. ilnn- MACOhl Bi~i~~rera. DA civilians. and contrarmn ol the Ccirps soon. 

ginatwe. and iilrd opnbout hein: Fnginccnaiid Sappers-This hreakoot Bring youl-mnning shoes and rlrcss blurs. OurErl,oineer Run will t;!ke us 

scssion will alcn revie\\ Fnpineer CPT atll'itii,n rclles and init!alive% ai :I ator of the post that mill pr<>vc tr, he challer~ginp and worthwhile. 

lo keep good oflicers in llic Ariny. TIic Rcpi~nental Ball will give 11, tlic oppvnunity to rest those achy fcct 

2, ,-ombat ~,.id,i~, we hce ,a ny nru,c~;l~~en~esil,~,ttempt~n~ us \ve I10m11 the Itschner, Slursia. and Grizzly Award winners t~nd the 

deploy;,hilily [ielivery ret,uilrtllclll, t;,r nscault Guld ile Flcury Mcdal ;k\v:~nlee lor the geiir 2000. We cherisli th~s 

cl?lss,np and bl-i(igirla i,flllc 1~" \Val,d F~~.based hrcec, hrcakout outstaiding npponunity for orour lcaders to cotlie together as..Ose Corps. 

se~ri,,n,~i~~~nsm~nellew,,~et~,n~c,stmcturcs,a,l~~e~jvcrysystems OwRe~i~iicn~.O~~rT~a~ii."l~ipprcciatctliesuprrhteamwokwithUS

lo pet the Ri~re across. that make.: ;I co~iicre~isr oftlris rrlagliilit,le possible. We niosl prmacri\,cly 

seek ways to overconic uhst;sles and be a pall of the solotion ac the 

3. Construction Engineering. The lDlV Engineer urpaniz;ition tn,ns~,m,r over the dccn(jes, As ,.ve said hundreds of 

will have organic hori7<rnt;tl and verrici~l construcrioti its?ets tliat ,,,e sbrfole.iriq,,it;ll tllol wecontioue tus~a~u,ir~lonevoicethrougho,,l 

 nus st fil itilu 3 C-130. What is the hest ratio of vertical t~, 1horizont;ll RegiInent. .~llilt [liIeq not we all it nleans we ineel ;a,d caphilitirs lor the lnlerim Fnrce? Where shoulil our priorities hc 1,r di.;cuss ha\]> it out, and a constructi(>n ctloipriie~it-for today anil to~nrin-ow? Thic hre:~hut~t iln~ersta,ldi,lg~that is ollr PrilnarY objecrivc ft,r bNpoRcE 2001. 

session sill <eck In \or1 rl~lr the orpnni,alion :~ud tnatct.iel ~LSLICS klr H;ippy 30th antiivcrcary 1,) lhis Engineer Rulleti~i! Th;lnk\ to ortr our comhnt-he:tvy battalions of n)d:r) itntl 0111 cnn~tcuction zr~tt siciff for pioducin. s~~cli ;I lne publication. rrquirrme~ll:, lor tlte I'ulurc Colrc. 

Frsayons! - 
May 2001 Oi~ineer 3 

- 

Th~ TV8hc '^"JZF":" .m-.m.7 

fl~~$ ,, ~y 

.- 

Ir -# . , 

'I @. 

b'\ Corxriinrlrl Ser*,qearlt Mcrjor- RoDer-1 R. Robirison 

U.S. Al-nq' Engineer- Sclzool - -~ -- 

t'c that tiiiic of the yc:lr it5,' "'LIII. ;IS ue in tlic first-e\ cr Ssr;e.tlit> \[*or Ti-end, 

1prepare for our ;111noal ENFORCE Re\;ersal Conference liosted hy the 

Co~lfercnce. I 1in1.e always loi~kcd Operations Group. Joir~t Rcatl~l~cs~ 

f, ~ra ard to ibis conl'crence and sincerely hope Trainins Center(.lRTCI. Ahnut 30 school 

tliat :III !lie bcniur lc;~derr of tlie Kcginicnt can and proponent CSMslSGMs. !rigether 

[xlticipate. It i\ ill he :lvc~y inli~nnatise uceh. u-it11 ohser\ cr-ci>ntrollcrs ilaru the varii>u< 

and hoj~efull!;:~ relaxing oneas ~vcll. reuniting trainin? centers. con~tneil to discuss 

the hey leader5 oiour Regimcnr. negative trend\ as oh\el-\ed at SRTC. The 

\Ye liiive I-cfined the ;l~enJ;~ for tlic ohiec!i\.c of ~liis coiii- LICI~CC \\':I\ to 

Ca~~ncil of CSR4s Breakout Sess~c~n. which identify trenlli co~~imon to tlic inan!; 

ih avniliihlc on the Engineer ho~iie I);I~P. R;ittlrfieitl Operaling Systc~iir anil 

Gcne~-;~ll~.ourpli~li is IO receive addrcbrer ilcterrninc strategies to correct these 

frotii LTG Flo\\ers. Cliiel'ol'E~iginccrs: 4IG liepatit c trends. 

,A;~clia~id. Crimn1nnd;int oi the Engineer Fro~ii ail cngineefs pcrxpecti\.e. \\.e arc 

Sc1io11l and hl.ASSCEN Co~illiiaildi~ig \ceilip inany olthc s;ltlie issues obrerved 

Gc~ieral: slid BG lolitison. Assistnnt Co~iitn:i~i~l.i~lt 01' lhc :I, tr:~ini~i@ ii~~:ik~iecsci tlii~t nc Iie~e been ;~ddres\ing ior tlie 

Enfirleer Scl~ool and D C G o f Initial-Entry Trainins ;~nd l;lsr I0 to I5 ).car\. Pi-ccoiiihnt i~ispectiunslcl~ecki. 10x1 plan\. 

cilmrlicnts frnm lhe ourf<iinp and il~co~nin~ L'SACE CSMs- sklndard ~iiarktng sysre~ns. intqr;ltion of engineers inlo tli? 

CShl Lufo ;111il CSM Dilc. We ha\c ;~lco in\ ited repre- bl-igatle conihrt tcaniltnsk filrcc. range cnnls. and others linvc 

cc~it:iti\ez Trolii the Scrfeants Major Bnlncli atid the Enfilicer hcr.11 and co~itinue m he defii.iclicies ohscrvrd ill tlie traitlin: 

B~.:cnch to :i\c u\ persiinliel t ~ p d : ~ t e \ . T l i r s c hralich centers. 

: overvicwc \+ill \lied lielit 011 tile results oftlle recellt CSMI I ~voulil a\k all of yo11 to he :ililc to ralh about y011r ullits' 

SGM ;~nd MSG rclectio~i boards and hoa tbilse pri~miition~ mo\l yigni+;calll tl-aillin deficiellcies, a oi,lLIr ivill i~iiect (iur Rc~itiient. We will ri~i~nd tiut our ;i,oclidn \villi CSMISGhl Brcahout Sesion. discus these delicicncish :ind 

oltisr kc! 111,ir. \pcnkers who ill fit i. prcssntntions key to clcre~-mine a liicli. if;~ti). ha\e irlcit c;~~~scs. I nil1 r>tti.rrh;~t ~iiuch 

cligineer leaders. irftlie prohlenl. n, I see it. stem\ hnm tlie inahilit! ti1 perfor111 

I \v:lnl to 5pe1iil the rest r~f i?ur week fi,cu\itip on issues ~l~lmc.,tation ~l-:iillillg lr, stnlldard. we all our lllo,,gllt\ 

th:~t will suppon the future ofour Reginieni nc \ye nit?\ c throiifli on \\:lint kletor\ artrlhlitc to tllis <leficicncy: bott[,m line i5 111:11 

tlic Arm! Tra~istk>r~iiation process-\vhicli is nlso the ~1ie111e 1 W;~"I lo 3tldr~~\ [Ile issllch that we c;ln fix rtlc \ergennl 

for EXFORCE. tlirougli \elpeant fir\[ clar, and lict~tc~innt lc\-cli. notlier 

A, ae prepare to meet ill May. I need ;ill oi you to think qocstioll to pontler ih. Ho\\ clul wc as n Rc:ln~e~it gcr our 

:tbont wtne isii~es tli;~t we need to addrcq. I \\ill do the wlnc 'erfGuits 2nd staff \ergennis to undcrstnlld the i~nporw~lce 

hascd on Xome of my visits and tlie m:iIiy e-tii;~il\ ;~nd pholie and \a1oC of Iiip~pocketx~itiing to \~~ppiirt itidi\ iciual ;ind 

call, [get. haulc-ta\k skill\? 

.As I \tatccl ill J:~nuary's \~idco-teluc~~nfi.renie. I want tv Otllcr discuh.;ion topics will he prrson~icl ilicrril~t~tion. u\c 

hold a breakout scssion xith selected CSMs :lnd kc? leatlers of Ranger-qu;~lifieii SCO,. attrition/tmn<itiori trciid* ~~Iseliior 

011 oureupeck~tions oitlie SapperLeadcrcuur\e. I trul!; hclic\ie NCOc. :ind tlie implied expcct:~tions i~i,ervice. 

that this is the finest le:idcr-ilevelopnirnt course a\ ;iiI:lhle to As part of nur CSX.1 C~?u~icil. we\\,ill flr)i~t-load tlie \r eeh's the junior leaders of our Regime~i~. Uc ha\e evolved tliis events \\.ill1 :In infh~lnal di~iller in Iio~iorol'CSM Etl\\:~rd Luf~. cnurce since its inception. perii~dically alteri~ig the courrc to On 6 Ma). wc will fatller ;is a hirdy ol senior NCOc and pa); nice1 the needs of011r Regimelit. It's ti~iic todo that :igain. but tribute to :I soldier \\ 110 ha\ \ervrd our Rcgitnclit \uperbl!. It with a ic~cuh on hotv engineers will fig111 and hi. employed ill will he ntlropponnliity to ~recogniii/e him and spclicl mi evening the future. need to blend \vh;it's practical frlr nnr units 

- 

I 

~'itli lii~n in 3 social setti~ig. I encourage all \\ho can to :tnivc 

on\v ~vitll wliat'h relevilnt Tor tlie l'llture. \rhile paining a hipper ea14y lo nttenil this dinner. We u;ill c~~nducl n Rspimcnr;~l Re\.ie\v .'hnnf for the buck." Gar~iishi~ig a inlore \~~ccesifuI gr;til~iation on 0 May to Iionol- the Keginient. rate for our soldiers :~nd an ilnpro\.ed level oieueculion ;it thc 

iunior-lender Ie\.cl \\.ill be our topicc of disc~~~\i~>~i. I look illrward to \eeing :ill of you again. 

I 

In Fehm:~~-y. I umt to Fort Polk. Louisiana, to participate En~ineer, Lead tile \'?;I\! 
T lic quest Tor excellence co~itinues in TRADOC to keep 

ill1 U.S. Army engineers well or:anired and equippctl 

30 they can continr~e to be the hcst Corps of Engineers 

in tlic world. General Eric ti. Shinseki. Chief of Staff of the 

Army, has shown us how we are going to move toward thc 

futul-e. The Engineer Regiment will transrorn~ ithclf in parallel 

ujith the Army Transformation plan. To accomplish this, our 

Ieadet-hip has produced a clear bottom line I'or tlie transformation str:lte@y for~ul-Corps orEiigineers. We willFocus primarily on mobility. co~~titermohility. and 

survivability systcms. 

w Conti~iue inteeration of tligital-terra~n support through tlie 

cut-I-ent fielding sclicdule. 

w Take risks in general cneineering by only sustaining and 

rec;~pitalizing the existins cap:lbilities. 

What does that really mean'! In tlie figurc on page 5, the fitst 

priority involves theengineers depicted on the top low. They will 

support the iorce called the Counterattack (CATK) Corps: 

continue with theForceXX1digitiz;ttion; atid be 1nodetni7~d with 

the Grizzly. Wnlve~-ine. and Bradlcy. The role ofthe CATK Corps 

is to lollow tl~e light and medium forces into thcater to strike the 

decisi\:e blc~w to threat forces, ending higli-intensity conflict. 

The 1st Caval~y Divisiun. the 3d Mccha~iized Division. tlie 4th 

Mechanized Division. atid the 3d Ar~iio~~d Cardl~y Rc~iment will 

see the best America has to offerin heitvy "we-didn't-come-liet-eto-play" engineer equipnlcnt. 

Emguneer 

Fersrsm 

Hoderarization 

Strategy 

8~ Cif/~luif~ Wi/Ii<!!n R. G~fc~,r<,t!~o!~t 111 

The il7rward-deploycd cnfi~ieers in Germany. Kore:~. and 

other OCONUS areas are part oi'the Early-Entry Force (secontl 

row of the figure). They will get deliberate sustitinrnent programs 

to kcep what they have in g<x)d sllape. This means systeln 

depot-lcvcl rebuild psngfilm, and some replacement fielding of 

the sntiie inodels these units have now. Tliey ore also the first 

to get the next-:eneration Future Co~iibat Sys~eni (FCS.) While 

they lakc good cat-e ooftheil- M I 13 armored personnel carriel-s, 

they can look liiruwd to 1-adically changing warfare as we know 

it when they receive the FCS! 

Not forgottetl are our light engineers (third row of the figure). 

They are called the "Forccd-Entl-y Force" with ~ood reason. 

Seeing hundreds of helicopters and tho~~sa~ids of j~:lracIiutes 

still stops the tlirent dead in its tracks. The current ficlding of 

the deployable uni\,ersal co~nbat eart1imove1- (DEl!CE) atid the 

high-mobility engineer excavntor (HMEE) will keep Llle ligllt 

engineers lii~hly deploynble mid highly capable. They will 

also get some deliberate sustninment programs to keep cunrnt 

equipment ping until tl-ansfornialion to tlie Objective Force. 

Ourengineers at Fort Lcusis. W:ishin@lon. hringinto I-eality 

tllc doployable, lethal. and aggressive engineer company of 

the Initial Brigade Cunibat Team (IBCT) (see article, page 6). 

These engineers will derine how fi~ture medium-equipped 

engineers will do business. Pursui~ ofthe best eql~ipnienl worthy 

of these petlifintlers is tlie total focr~s of many here at Fort 

Leonard Wood. Micsouri. Light rapid bridging, a new al-niored 

engineer squad \,eliicle. and tlie digitization of command-and- 
n, Engineer Modernization Breakdown 

P - !b 

CATK Corps 

$$ 

control systems similar to Force XXI systems are \vliat tlicse 

engineers will use to support tlie lBCll 

Topogl-apliic engineers. the tiiap tuakers of the past, are 

becorning the teni~in-\,isu:~liz.atio~i cxpel.ts of the fuu~rc. 

Tailored harcl-copy and digitnl inaps will he tliel-e for the 

soldiers in the ficld wIi<l need tlie~ii. Tltey will he loc:illy and 

specially m;~dc, gi\:ing information directly critical to the 

operation and sitl~alion (see :trticle. page 10). But the corttcrstone to pn~duciny information do~ninn~tce for tlic Artny is 

the I;~rgc-sc~ze~i digit:tl displays that provide tlie maneuver 

force with itisla~it c ~ ~ ~ i i p r e h c ~ t \ i o ~ l o f tlie terraiti and its effects. 

Tlic fielding of tlie series of Digital Topographic Supporl 

Systems (DTSS) is still on ti.:\ck, and we :IW dcdicatcd to 

continue lo keep ~opogmpliic cngi~teering a state-of-the art 

co~nhitt rnulliplicr (see article. pagc 14). 

~i~h . . .I\ , . staled . in the tliird hullet of our priorities. simply 

nteans tliat we will not upyra(le the construction fleets in tlie 

neat- future. Our older fleet.; will bc given thc attetilion they 

need in thc hrm ufdepnt-level rehuild prognlms ottd limited 

rcplacemcnt with like systems. We will take advantage oftlie 

tiiodern civilian constroction cquip~nc~tr that is avail:~ble alid 

buy it to replace our oldest ~nodels i~i\tead of developinp our 

own. Tlie lipliter cquip~ncnr will he apgressivcly sought to 

kccp tlic light etigitiec~~ furce effcctivc atid deployable. 

It is no accidctit that Rese~.\'c Co~iipu~ient (IICI cngineerc 

are not on a separate row in tlie Iigure, but are a p;trt of e;~cli 

ro\\;. These cnpinecrs will follow llic Traoslbrmation paucl.11 of 

moderniz:~tion in sync with their fi~rcc nssociatii~n. Engineers 

have nlwi~ys taken the To131 Ar~iiy co!icept to 1ie:tn-76 percent 

of us who execute "Es\ayo~t\!.' arc RC. Tliesc engineers :re 

truly tlie strottg arm ol'llie Corps of Engineers. perfcrrming all 

1licrse tasks tliul [lie Arrn!, depe~ids 011. 

In ?very level o~cotiflict, ourengi~ieer rniqsion cotitinucs to 

he a primary e~iablcr to Arniy operations. If you arc not alrc~~dy 

deep into t~~nsilion. takc pond care or tlic equipment tliat Ir:ls 

served you well in the past. hul also keep an eye on tlie l':tture. 

Tlie combat ettginccrs of ~~I~IIII-row will not figlit as we t111 

t(~I;iy-;t~td tlie consu-uction engi~icers will always he ~iccded 

IO perform the daily rniracles of t~insfor~ning chaos illto 

civili~i~tio~i. Y 
Concept and Orqanizati~ 

of the IBCT Engineer Cornpan) 

T he Army Transformation is highly visible at Fort 

Lcwis. Washington, and no mol-e so than will1 the 

engilleers. From the first annouticement on 

Tra~information hy Army Chief ol'StaWGeneral Eric K. Shinseki. 

in October 1999, the engineers at Fort Lewis began work in 

earnest, receix~ing new personnel and equipment and turning 

in their lezacy cquipment. In September of last year, A Company, 

168111 Engineer Battalion, hecame the1 X~hEngincer Companythe first Interim Brigade Combat Tea111 (IBCT) engineer 

company. 

Structure 

T he structure of the enginecr company in the IBCT is 

unique in the Engineer Regiment. It is a cal-efully 

tailoredorganiz:~tioli wit11 afocnsed set of missions. It 

is iinportant to understand thc concept and mission of the 

IRCT and the engineer company's role within the brigade in 

order to understand its structure. 

The brigade is designed as a full-spectrum early-entry 

combat lbrce.optimizedprimarily forsmall-scale contingency 

operations in con~plex and urban environments. The 

oganizational and operational (0820) concepl emphasizes the 

need to balance the strategic responsiveness ol the brigade 

against the requirements for battlespace dolninance in 

detemiining the organi7,ational sllucrure. The organization must 

balance deployability. sustainability, and the in-theater 

footprint with lethality, mobility, and survivability.Tl~eIRCT's 

effectiveness is further enhanced by n design based on 

embedded unit cap;1liilities-military~i1it~l1igen~e, signal. 

engineer, antitank. artillery, andcomb;~t-service-suppoll ICSS) 

elemmts-that have been t:~ilorcd specifically to the unique 

requirements of the unit's set of missions. 

The hrigade is an inf;mtr),-centric force with three mot~)rized 

infantry bnrt:~lions; a reconnaissance, surveillal~cc, and targetacquisition squadron: an artillery battalion: a brigade support 

battalion (BSB): an antitank company; a signal compnny: a 

~nilitary-illtelligence (MI) conipany; and the 18th Engineer 

Company (see Figure I). 

The organization and role of thc engineer company is 

reflective of the emhedded-unit-capability concept. When 

balancing the myriad lniissions an engineer unit m;ly facearainst 

the deployability and sustninability of the brigade, the 

designers of the engineer comnpany tailored the company to 

focus on providing mobility support to thc brigade. Limited 

counterlnobility, survivability, and general-engineering 

capabilities are made possible using the same force structure 

required for the mobility mission. The engineer company 

supports the inovement of combat forces to achieve a position 

of' advantage with respect to enemy forces. Mobility opel.ations 

nlaintain freedom of lnovernznt for personnel and equipment 

within the area of operations without dclays due to terrain, 

barriers. obstacles, or mines. Cnmbat mohility platoons are 
task-organized lo mancuver clc~nents to pnivide mobility 

sopport lo ~nou~ited-rn:~nei~\,cr, dismounted-assault, and urh:~n 

operations. ' 

This focus on inobility suppol? is evident in the crimpany 

organization. The company is composed of three mobility 

platorins-cach wit11 tllree squads-and a nrobility-support 

platoon witli three sections. Figure 2, page 8, shows the 

ohjrcti\.e nrg;lnization and equipment. 

The c<~~npeny hassorne limitations that ;we recopniz~d in 

the 0&0 concept and its focus on inobility ope~~tions. The 

company has limited ci~pnhility to suppo~t the brigade in 

major-theater wan or stability or support operations. 111 these 

environments. the lBCT requires :~dditional engineer augmentation i'ro~n thc divisirin or echelons ;~ho\:e division. 

Equipment 

E ncli ~iiobility squad will haue an engineer squt~d 

vehicle (ESV). which i, a variant of thz infilntry cnrrier 

vchicle. The ESV will hc equipped with a remote weapon 

stalloil M2 ,511-cnlihcr m;ichi~ie gun and mounted with ohsbacleneutralization kits. The composition oftlie kits is not fiiii~lized. 

but it chould include lightweight ~ni~ie plows or rollers. a 

mag~ieric sig~iatureduplicstnr. and a ~nincfield-niarkiiig system. 

Sclcction ant1 delivery of the intcri~n ornioretl vehicle (IAV) is a 

i'i~rurcc\~ent. In tlie mcatili~ne, tliecompany received ninc light 

mediun~ tactical vehicles (LMTVs). which are 2 112-tori cargo 

tmcks equipped with advaoccd Si~i$le-Ch;in~iel. Ground-toAir Radio Systems (SINCGARSs) a11d situ:ltionnl-nwnrcness 

syhtems to scrve ar sunognle squ:~d vehicles until its ESVs arc 

fielded. 

Six of tlie ninc ESVs tow mine-clearing line charges 

(MlCLICsj and three tow Volcanos. To replicate the V~~lcano 

systems celled for in the objccti\,c structure, thc company 

mounted 11 four-panel Volcano system to il trailer. The Engineer 

School :!lid Volcano p~~oduct manager sopported this endeavor 

by coordinating for s;~fcty Lesting :~nd release at Aberdec~i 

Proving Grounds. Maryland. Thc company is now, able to 

1,eplicate this capability while supporting the IBCT. The future 

system will he anM200 ~r~dler-rnnonted Volcano thnt has recently 

been type-clasified. 

Tliecomyany will eventually receive tllc Rapidly Emplnced 

Bridec Syste~n (REBSI. which will pm\:ide responsive ~nilitary 

laail cl;~ss (MLC) 30 gap-crocsii~g capability ibr the hrigade. 

Until the arrival of ilie REBS, the four common hridge 

ttxnsporters (CRT) in rlic cngineer company are carrying 

medium-pirder hridges. wl~ich provide 14.3 meters or MLC 30 

hridginp. This causes the only tlirferencc in personnel 

ourhorization between the current and objective structure. 

adding a iiiilimry occup;~tionill specialty l2C30 to providc 

technic:~l expertice on bridging. 

The mobility-suppo~T platoon alxo has six small emplncrment 

excavators (SEES) ~~nd six dcliloyahle universal cnnlhat 

ca~zlimovcn (DEUCES). The tielcIingoTtlie DEUCE toFo17 Lewis 

in July ZOO0 went very well. but during support to Infi~ntr), 

Co~iipnny Situational Training Exercises. \e\'eral ofthc DEUCES 

developed a track problem. The problem was unique to Fort 

Lewis and way caused by the elacial soil building up het\%,een 

the drive wheel :~nd [lit track and ciu~sing track dilmage. The 

DEUCE product mnn;rger and Catcrpillar0 quickly developed 

track-tension warning sensors and matel-ii~l shieldc wlrich 

proved effective at preventing datnnge. Thc Ensineer Schonl 

ci~ncurrently provided a nutstel- operator to Fort Lewis to 

develop r;~clics. techniques. and procedures (TTP) to reduce 

material huild up. Personnel in tlie B~ig;ide Coordination Cell 

;Ire working with Inhntry School personnel lo determine tllc 

Ed 155 MAV 

Figure 1. IBCT Structure 

M~IY 2001 K~r,y~nrei 7 
Figure 2. BCT Engineer Company ObjectiveTOE (6-0-112-118) 

doctrinall? apptupriate level of >usvivahilit! support to tlie 

IBCT since tlie primary mews of maiiitaining sur\'ivnhilit!. in 

the hripade is tlirnu~hmainlaining unit mobility 81nd cituational 

understanding. 

Training 

T he company [rains toward :I centr;~lized training task 

list tCTTL1 tllar identifies tile company-criricd tasks. 

The platoons. sqo:lds, and sections hare tacks that 

supporl 111s comp:iny CTTL. Currently. these r;~\ks re tom Deplo~'1redeploy hy air 

Provi~le niohility support. 

Conduct bottle-com~iiand npel-atiol~s. 

Provide limited sur\~ivahilily/cou~~Ier~iiobility *ul~port 

gave concentra[ed instruction on TTP Sor supporting the forcc 

in coriiplex 2nd 410UT environments. Thc cornpan!. received 

and traitlet1 on tni:~ny nen. item.; irorn the mnior sqllipment . . de~ribed in pre\.ious paragl-al~lis. to d~g~ti~l s?>tetii\ to gain 

and rnaintain situatiunal undersr;~nrli~ig, to sinlple-but-useful 

items such as Soldin: I:~dders that can be awil to nrgotiatc 

daniaged stair\r.:~yh. 

The maneuver ~[~rnpnnies and troops in tlic IBCT haw 

conducted .;elera1 irerotions nfsilu;~tional training exercises. 

111 each of tlrcse, the niohilily platoons and n~nhility-suppon 

scctions have demonstrated theil- worth as p:lrt of tlie brizadc 

team. providi~ie ri~obility. reconnaissance. and survivability 

support in vairying environ1iien1s. 

Conclusion 

Perti,~m CSS ope~~fions. -lie I8111 Engineer Company and the 3d Brigad?. Zd 

Iniantry Division. are rapidly moving inro.ard in 

&~rly in tlie Tlansformation process. tlic Enginerr S~.Iiool rransforniation. In March 2001. the lXtli Engineer provided teiltlih of trainers to Fu1.t Lewis tci cv~~ducl a tactical- ,-o,lll,al? deployed lo F~~~ H~~~~~.L~

~~l,f~~~ifor an 

lei~der.: ~'[~urse that focused on refreshing atid reitiforcinp the field exelrise Illat stressed colnpany.s 

skill% [hat are critical to operation within lhe i-onslruct of the ;Il>,lilv esccllte ul;ll~x,n.~evel cornha leineer l,lissiolls, 

0&0 concept. 

- 

T~.al~\folmation ivolves more than qiniply rrstructltring units 

The school also ptovidcd insrrmtors Cora coitrse(>nmilit:~ry and uygi-adinp equiptnent. Transform;~tic~n involve$ n mindoperationi in whun ten.:~in iMOUTI toid dcliiolirinns. \vhich set clian:e in hoa. tnpineers light as an essential fo1.c~ \\itliin 
an IBCT. The 18th Engineer Company is leading this effort for 

the engineer cornpanier that are sure to follow. Enginsers at 

Fort Lewis ach~owledge that much has been learned over tlie 

past ysar-bu~tliere is still along way togo. Hopefl~lly. efforts 

in the 3dBripade \rill prcpare the second IBCT and its orzanic 

engineer conrpany-A Company. 65th Engineer Brigade-for 

Tiransformation into anothesdeployahle. lethal IBCT. w 

Endnotes: 

' OI:~~II~~:[~~~CI~IC~I [ri~(/ Oper~rior~nl Cn~rce/~r,/i~r fire Iirferirrr 

Brijioile G>irihur 7enni. 30 Jurie 2000. Chapter l 

Soldiers conduct a MOUT demonstration during a ' Ibid. ChaptesO.l 

training exercise. 

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'S are encour 

k. andlor lin ,..A- ---. :..- 
Going, Going, Gone . . . 

Bidding Farewell to the 1:50,000-Scale 

Topographic Line Map 

K ~io\i.ledge of tlic battlespace is a prerequisite to any 

succcssiul inilitary operation. \,laps proxide that 

hnowlcdgc. At the N;ltinnal Triining Ccntcr. Fort Invin. 

C'.~l~l<,rnia. the obscrver-controlle~~' rccipe for success in bottles 

and cnfagernents is \'cry simple: see the eiietny. see yourself. 

and bee thc terrain. For no re than 80 ).cars. the Arm)' lias been 

usitig the I :50.000-ccale map. teclinicitlly knowti ar the 

Topiigrapliic 1-inr Map (TLMj. to see the tetl-aili. TheTLhl has 

sei\.ed us \vcll in the past. but it lias litnitations that diminish its 

utility iri thi\ il~llimiation age. The lender\ at the National 

Inlag"')' and h1;ipping Ageticy (NI>l.A) have found a better 

way. Tc achieve tlic Joint and Arni! Visionc for itiior~iiation 

don1in;lnce. NIMA is undergoinp a re~olutionary cliangc in 

how it provides terrain information to the Department of 

Defense. This article discusses tlic motivation for this change 

it1 direction. describes liow the Army will benefit from tlie 

chance. ;md nutlines an implementation hrratezy. 

NIMA's New Direction 

S pllt~ed by recommendations from llie Defense and Army 

Science Boards in 1995. NIMA published n docutiient 

called tlls Geospatiitl Tniorliiatioti 1nfratrucu11-e (GII) 

h'Id.ter Plali in October 1997. Known as tlie Foundation Data 

(FDr Concept. tliih plan describes the chnnst-\ that NIMA and 

rlir customers of mapping products ~iiust make to acliicve tlie 

inforniatil~n-supe~t>rity tenets of the Joint Vision. The FD 

Concept is a revolulionary dnta-production scheme that is 

designed to providc witrfighters exactly what the!; want when 

[hey need it. NI>IA's old production strateg! was haced on a 

suite ofstondenl products. NIMA made the Cadillac ofmaps- 

[lie 1 :50.000 TLM. Unfortunately. there are several prohleiiis 

with this old frieiid. 

First. the m;ip \\as a pretlefined product. The]-e may he 

ieaturcs on the 1n:ip ;t \\.nriigIiler Oocsn't care ohout iind nsu 

fe;lturec that are irnpo~no~lt in plalinin:. Hn\\ever. \r ith theTLM. 

it did not matter tvllnt tlie \v:lrfightcrwanted. Hc sol tlie mndard 

coliiplete tiup or no map-nothing in herswen. 

Second. KlhlA produced tlicse very e~pensive map% ':just 

in casc." based on commander-inchiel- or service-defined 

requirenients. hficr productioli. the Defensc Logistics Agency 

(DLA) updrited thc m:tp catalogs, and tlie m;~p slissts renrained 

available for the i\;lriigliter\ in a D1.A w:~rr.hou.;e. At'tcr ,e\ era1 

years. the infomiation on thc map hecitme ilated. Cpd;~ting 

TLMs is espensi\:e and tilnc- consuming. In facl. updating 

TLMs is ~~tiofforilable to(lie nation and onre~fon\ice to the 

w:~rfiphters' need<. 

Finally, the TLM isn't available world\\ide. The current 

holdinp:: of 1 :50.0(10 and 1 : 100,000 TLMs co\.er les than 25 

percelll CIC tlie earth's surface. Over the past t\vo dccades. 

Drparrnient of Dcfense forccs have begur~ operations without 

complete mapping co\.erage on several occ;~sions lcxamplec 

are Gretiada. De~ert Srurtn. and Solnalia). 

FD Concept Component9 

Tlie fit-it cornpollent is the Foundation data. Tlie 

foundation consists of ;I near-worldwide mcdium- 

 resolution d;lr;t set of imagery. features. elevation. and safetyof-na~igetion infoim:~tinn (see Figure I). Specifically. the 

roundation contains the fi~llowing: 

Imagery. This is hotli I-meter stsrco and 5-meter 

rnonoscopic inlager). These imagery data sets are rslati\,ely 

easy to make and can serve as a map background when $rid 

lines arc ;tdded. Thcy provide Llle warfighter a view of the 

battlespace that is una\;ailahle with a traditional mop. 
Digital Terrain Elevation 

Navigation Safety 

Gravity 

Magnetics 

I 1 1 , I ~oundation Data j' 1 

Figure I. Foundation Components 

Elevation Data. Based on the succcssfi~l space-shuttle radarmi~pping mission in Fchluary 2000. NIMA has the data it necds 

to cover all land hetwccn X(P si~uth latitude and X@ nt~nli li~titilde 

with Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2 (DTED2tmeaning 

an ele\,ation leading cvery 30 meters-by late 2003. DTEDZ 

provides a contour interval approximately equal to that of a 

l:S0,000 TLM. Two main henefits of this elc\,ation d:~ln are 

tliatW'lrfighters can locate intervisihiliry lines in their area of 

operatiol~s tising readily available line-oCsight :~lgorithms. 

Warfi~hters can coiistluct inore accurate thlrc-ditnensiclnd 

(?Dl views and fly-throughs. 

Foundation Feature Data (FFD).Tliiscoliiponent generates 

rri\dition;~l rnanviews. Collcctedat a resillulionordcnsitv similar 

111 a 1:2511.000 Joint Operations Graliliic (JOG) map. the data 

conlains not only features -such as roads, vegetation, rivers, 

and lakes-hut also attributes or descriptors ol the featulrsuch as read widths, rn:~d/runwny surface types. and tree typcs. 

These attribute.; are not restricted to the legend of the map but 

are an integral part of tlie cl;itahase and can be called up by a 

fcw mouse clicks on the digital nrnp. 

Mission-Specific Data Set (MSDS) 

Pati of the revnlutiona~-y >aspect of the GI1 Masler Plan is llie 

cotlcept of an MSDS. Most \&,arfigliters would say that they could 

not condl~ct tactical operations using a I :250.000-scale m:lp No 

one expects them to. Wllile the coniponents of tlie foundatiorl 

provide enough info[-mi~tion to conduct general planning and 

tmauigation. there is a clear I-ecognitioti in the GI1 Master Plan that 

11lore informarion must he gcnrtxted to satisfy the inforniation 

needs olinostco~nni;~nders. This additional information is called 

~nission-specific data (sec Figure 2, page 12). 

If a coniinonder wants a higher-res~lution data than the 

I'oondarion components, he must ask for it. An MSDS is simply 

terrain data. dcfirircl by the ~.omr7ran(iur, that nnswers (lie 

comn~ander's terrain-intbrmiition needs. As the terrain expet-1 

in the command post, the $raflrngineerliiusr heablc lo tt-anslate 

the commander's needs into data I-equirernents th;il NlMA can 

understand. Undel-thisconcept, NlMA can focuson collecting. 

processillg. and disseminating data tlial is relevant to the 

commander's real intcrests (sec Figure 3, page I?). Overtime. 

as NlMA pop~llcttes the dntahase with foundation data and 

MSDSs. more and higher-resolution terrain inforniatio~i will bc 

nvailshle to warfightct-s whcn ihcy need it. 

Another aspect of the plan is that all data sets at-e ccustolnmade for u:arfighter\. This makes thcplir;~se "standard NlMA 

products" obsolete because there are nr! standard NlMA 

products. Even the FFD will vary in dcnsity depending on 

wh;~t is ~xquerted. 

Benefits for the Army 

T he FD Conccpt will support the Army terraininformation needs in several ways: 

.ill foundzltion data ;lnd MSDSs will be tied to the same 

eartli reference or datum. There at-c cut-rently in excess of 

100 datums in use worldwide. The datum used for each map 

sheet is listed in the iegencl of the map. One example of a 

colntnon datum is North American D;~rurn 1927 (NAD 27). 

The Depanlnalt of Defense has defined the World Geodetic 

Systcni 1984 (WGS 84) as the st;md;~rd for military mapping. 

Thus, under the FD Concept. :ill data-whether digital or 

hard-copy-is tied to the satiie earth t.eference. providing a 

common view oftlie hattlcspace. 

Information learned about terrain for one operation is 

pl-eservetl forfi~ture tlse as it is incorporated into rhe NIMA 

datahase. 

The tiew data supports automated-decision support. The 

embedded attributes in the datahase will support nutomated 

k~nalysis and generation of tnctical-decision aids. Exntnples 
Generated to support specific missron needs 

- "Just-in-Time" responsiveness 

Defined by the warfighters 

Figure 2. Mission-Specific Data Set 

include cross-country-niohility aoal?sis. automated roure 

selrctioii. slopc atinlysis. iD fly-throu:h>. and line-of-sight 

:~nal!.sis. This attributed d;it;~ will p~o\ ide the link hetween 

c~~i~~iia~id. cotitrol. ~(~~iinlll~iicati~~is. computers. and 

iritellifence (CAI) systems :]nil model in^ and .imulation 

(?vl&Sj s!stc~iis to supprlrt realistic mission planning a11d 

rehearsal. 

Co~iim:~ndcr\ can specify the content ofthc high-resolution 

terrdin information they need to liiake decisions. 

L'ndcr ctrrrcnt plnduction procecsss. chanpinp a map is a 

lahoriot~s r;ak. Under tlie FD Concept. it \\,ill be possihle to 

integrate ficlcl-deri\.ed infnrrnntion in local and national 

d;~tahnze>. The I-rsult is that cver! soldier ix no\\' a p,,tential 

collcclor of tcrrain information. Attriht~tez thi~t call he 

tlutcrrnined on tlie yound- such as \uealn \clocity. hank 

height, and hridpe classiiication-can he caplured and 

sa! ed. 

For most \ia~-fighters. rnaps have heen the primary source 

oftenain i~iformation. Under the FD Concept. imajic-based 

maps that can he producetl relativel! qllickiy will he 

available to the curnrnalider 

Implementing the FD Concept 

T o irnplemclit the FD Concept. the Army hcid to dcfinc 

AI-my-hpecific MSDSs. With sirperh support from 

I'I\lA. [lie Amiy dc!'cloped packages of terrain 

inhvmatioii th:~t resemhled tlie I:IOOK aiid 1:50.000 T1,Ms. 

These packaze.; cont:~inetl the fe;~tu!-es the Army lras 

and. hased o~i feedhack. rhe Amly was ;~hle to specify it.; terraindata requiremrntr. 

All hcrvicec had qoestioi~i about NlMAs implementation 

srlxtepy. Since the FD Conccpt is m(1re than just i~ d;itabare. 

there \yere ci,ncel-ns ahout rcquirernents ni:~na~e!~~ent, data 

dis~en~in:~tio~i. and esl>lnit;iti(in system\. In otliss nards. nlio 

Gin ack for \ISDS. how \\:ill tlie data he delivered. and ho\v \\ill 

warfightcrs vien the data? In this concept. commanders are 

ahls to ask for specific features or attribute.; in an nrra of 

operation, trsing some type of Weh-bared a)-chitecture. A\ 

NIMA continue5 to senerate MSDS duriti? 2111 opcl-atioli to 

satisfy a commander's informalion needs. there i\ :I recurring 

requiren~ento send lhis new. updated inforri~a~ior~ to rhe ficltl. 

Once the data is received. \oldiers niust he uhle to vica. the 

data on their Army Battle Comm:~ntl S!'stcln (.ABCSI. 

I11 August 2000, NIMA initiated ;!joint foru~n lo c~ddresq the 

implementation concern\ of the services. 'l'liis foi-u~ii devclopcd 

aGeospatial Concept of Operations. ;In t~pdalcd versioii ofthe 

GI1 Master Plan. and cost estimates to I'ully implement the FD 

Concept. \VIiile all of the :~cco~iiplisiilnenrs of the forum are 

outside the scope of this article. come conclu.;ions are worth 

noting. 

Due to rehource cr~n\trdints. NIMA cannot continue to 

provide legacy products to thc services and agencies while 

sirnultaneousl) populating the database with foundation 

data and hlSDSs. AI sotnc poil~t. NIMA must make a break 

from the le,vac! protluctirrn prnces\es. 

traditional[! reqllircd rill tile TLM\. I,, [hey alscl Neither Nlhl.4 nor the services are read? to move to an 

incluilcd ilttrihutes th;lr support ,lie autolllated allalysis en\iro~itiicnt \vIiers tlic ~.onteiit of the map changes ivitli 

described ill [hi, :lnicle, ln 199'). NIMA ;lcumplPhsllrive every reqilest. While this is the visiun of the GI1 i\.l;~ster 

set of hard.cop\. atld disilal proa,typrc of these ~~~~.d~fi~~~d Plan. [lie ch;~llcnges associated with this informatio~i 

pack~ees. The prototypes were sent to the field for evaluation c11vin)nment will not he solved in theneat few year\. 
Figure 3. The Concept 

.A\ ;I IC~I-le1.111 ts:hrisiti~n SIC[). lllc rer, ices-defined Exercise in .April 2001. Tliese maps were penerntsd isr,m FFD 

bISDS pirch:~ccs ci~ri SCIY~ :ISa bridge herv. ccn tlic legilc) hut a1.e indi\tinguiili;~blc fro111 the legacy TLK. 'Thc (II~I! difproduct, i~nil rile 11111 i~iiplcmentatii~~i nf tlic GI1 i\,laster ~CIPIICC i* that tiie\c lpsoducts wcrc nr;tdc osiriz Y141A's !leu 

Plan. psoduction proce,ss\. 

.Altliou_rh rliic concept of trcilring hlSDS p;ickagcs like 

~nroilucts seenir to hi. II ir:~\onahle aooro:lch. . it \rill be iJiClicult The Bottorn Line , 

for the \esvicss ti> 111(1\,c into thc future for scver,il reasons: 

L'liC1.A i. meeting mrl\t of its icrroi!i-inforiiii~tiu~i nccds 

with lep;~cy pmiiuct.;. 

Ss\crsl asl?ccts oC tlie FD Cnticept req~tirc lieu training 

slrntrgii's. Modifying current iirpographic training is nor 

sufticicnt Thi, new trai~iingwill r;inec li.orn chi~rifes in technicirl lopofl.;ipIiic t~.;~ininp and ilic ri~ilit;lry decision-ni;iking 

p~lce5~ \vIlere ~rdsrillg iln hfSDS is ill1 explicit \rep. m 

ho\ic lual> readin:. 

NI11.Y. cur-rent holdings of tlii, ne\v d;un itre rclati\el!, 

spi1rsc. 

Tlic rnc,~iviatio!i to 111;lkc this t~:lnsitiotl [nay come frnrn NIM.4. 

Tlie NlhlA Iradcr\l~ip is cnn-ently Itroking :I[ a s~lntcgy to elid 

production of the legscy TLM, ill the liczt is\\ yc:iss. It ct~illd 

hspp'n or early as FY03. This rloe.: not rilean that KIAIA will no 

lonfcrpmvidc the gcnrpatial info~-nialion thia tactical cn~nmnnder\ llccci tn accon~plisli their niissiolis. Tlic frosp:~ti:il psi~duction elcnicnts in NIMA arc devel~~ping n .iirate;o!~toeitlier~~iiaintail1 tlie TLMs that have ;llreatly been producsd IJS rcplilce them 

with hlSDS pachagck. The cxisting \lock of'lL~~~l\.lr \ill %till be 

av;tilable to tlie wniccs Thr sevel',il yean. Hoxevcr. any new 

TLM m;lppin? requirements will hc fultillcd by sn Arniy-defined 

MSDS piukage tliat luoks like :I T1.M to ilsess. 

NlhIA psoducetl cevsral 1:100.000 TLLI map% of the Nation:il Trainin? Csntes for the 4th Infantty Di\.ision Capstone 

N I\.IX> implrmentarion ill' [lie FD Concept \\ill result 

in a much inore coniprehrnsive and rele\nlit vic\v ol 

the hattle\pace for \varfighters and will pso\ids tlie 

letcl ol'dc!ail required for infuniiatio~i dorninnnce. \\:bile ,onis 

of the implemmti~tion details renioi~i onn~is\vercd. it i\ clear 

tliat NIM.Acanrio~ contitlue to populate the ne\\ ilatnbnsc while 

supporting sarfightcr scquire~ne~its 1I1r leg:~cy 111;1p1niti~ products likc tlic TLM. Thc ioldicrs NIMA \er\ei i< ill li:~ve the 

geohp;~tinl inform;itinn the! nced to accornpli\h their rnirtii,nr 

in a forniat tli;~t is L~riiiIiar to tlleln under tile FD Concept, 11 ih 

now tiliic fur enpitleers to learn this in~ponnnr p:lrt of ilicir 

mission :ind help thcir maneuver comm:~nderr tlisougli rliib rrvolulionar! tri~nsitioli. Y 
AJ Lieirrer~~rit Coioriei [Rerimdi Cr1.1 Hoope~ MI: lirio~i M~rrph? 

ond Chief W~~wonr Ofice)- 2 C11rf.s Morkr17 

"Tliorr n,ho [lo nor krloit. thc coiidirioss of rnour~mirir nnd foiusrs. ho;orhus 

dpfiies, mrir.~hes, arid slvnrnps rarznot coridllcf rile ~nnrcli of an ormy. " 

Slill T711 

E xploitation of geospatial information is revolutionizing 

business, science, and government. Aerial and 

satellite remotely sensed imagery. Global Positioning 

Systelns, and computerized Geographic Information Systerns 

(GISs) are increasingly becoming the driving force for decision 

making across thc local to global co~itinut~tn. Planning urban 

~ r o w t h , ~ i ~ a ~ i i l g i n g a forest, assessing i~lsurance claims. positioning an automatic teller macliine. routing 91 I vehicles. and 

assessing groundw:~ter contamination are ,Just a small ss~nple 

of the broad impact. 

M ilitary commande~.~ have long realized the interdependence of the earth's land Features and 

success on tlie battlefield. Those who stand out in 

history Ir,~ve visualized the terrain and its effects on the battle's 

outcome. A part of infol-mation dominance, the commander's 

knowledge of the terrain allows him to obtain a superior advantage in shaping the battlespace. 

Accurate enemy. friendly, terrain. and wcather pictures are 

the prornises oSdigit;B corn~nand and control. Geospatial inrormation nrovides the fra~nework uoon which all the othcr relThe GIS emerged nz a viable technology in theearly 1980s. evant strategic,operati~,nal, and tactical infbr~na~ion is layeled. 

In tlie 1990s. it explodetl into one of tlie fastesl growing and Digiml geospatial information is the foundi~tion for a supe- most u,idely adopted technologies in the infor~iiation age. (See rior view of the battlespace. Sophisticated computer woz-k- article '.CIS-The Bridge Into the Twenty-First Century." stations utilizingdigital geo.;p;uial inforrnatiun pcrrorn) a val-i- Er~,qNi('~r. April 2000, pilge 34.) It spans adiverse group ol'user ety uf military fu~ictions. such :IS n;~vigation, tnission plan- communities vangin: fi-om small villages to federal agencies ning, missir)n relicanal. and targeting. Because of the incmsed and the ~iiilitary. This cxciting technological develop~ne~it ine- breadth and i~tiliry of !nap information, the tenn "geocp;aial gratcs remotely sensed and grountl-based information inlo information and ser\,icesm has replaced "mapping. charting, ~~owerhzl decision-milking analytical tools. and geodesy" ill joint doctrine. 

Geospatial Infommation in Military Operations The Geospatial Engineering Mission 

"TIzP II.LI~~ qfocct~rcrle rr!(l/rl,r hrrs hrpri o g,rri8e ili,rrid~rinf<rgc eospatial engineering is the development, disse~nina- to mr. 1 h1n.e in ~v~irl ~1111el~nror~~fi ro pmciiw rli~rn. nrrd I Imm~ ion, and analysis of terrain information that is ;~ccu- hren ohlig(v1 ro rilokr sh(fr 1,:itA .srr/i vkrtchcs ns I coirM fr-we ri~lrly referenced to precisc locations on the ealth's oi~r o/ny 11~1.11 obrri~orioii.r niid flint (~f'~(,ntl(~rnert or01i11n'r111~. " 

G 

sull'ace. It provides mission-t;lilorctl data. kctical decision aids, 

-Ger~cr<rl GcJnrxc, W~rslli~r,stoll and visualization PI-oducts lhat describe the area ol'opelxlion. 
Geospatial ellgineering is an expansion of the traditional role 

of topographic engineel-ing and is necessary to support Forcc 

XXIdigitization ant1 Ar17iy Transformation. It is a key component ofrhe Engilieer Fol-ce hloder11izati~)n Strategy. bringing 

four principle operational capabilities to the Army. 

Geospatial Data Generation. Tcn-;~in doesn't cIi:lnp ;IS the 

enemy and fricndly situations do. What does c1i:oige is the rcsoluti~~n ofriur knowledge ofthe ten-ein. The implementation of the 

Found:~tion Dnla Concept (see alticle. page 10) hrillgs terrain 

inf<~rtn;ition a :I requested colillnotlily to mect the critical occds 

of the warfiglitm: Atmy rospatizll engineel-ing is pall of an inteprated cl;11;1 prwJuction will1 a luturc hcus at Corps level. 

Geospatial Data Managerne111 and Dissenlination. Bringing 

the geos],;~ri;il datn ~iccdcd to cnipowcr digital cornlnalid atid 

control is the nicrst complex oftlie new engioccr mis5ions. The 

engineer role illcludes integrating clala from higher echelons 

will1 inhrmerion frolo field reports and ractic;~l scnsors to pmducc ;~corntnon vicu: OILIIC terraill. Eltgineers must rcsolve tlic 

differllce\ bct\veen v:lrious report.: (conllatioti of the terrain 

darn) ICI rendcr;~ \ingle cornmoil rcpresei~tation of ground truth. 

This "coinlnon topograpliicoperatingcllviromiienr" inust thcn 

rno\,e lioria>nt;~lly and \.rrtic;~lly in ihc hatllcspace. Whilil the 

future locus of m;lnagcmellr is celitered a1 the division levcl. 

the resulting dala intlst ~.ci~cIi the lou~est Battlclield Opcl~ting 

System-thc laticl tvarrinr 01- wtapons platf~ir~n. 

Geospatial Data Exploitation anrl Analysis.T~~dili~~lially 

terrilin ;~nalysis lizts bcen done at the division levcl and ;~h<~ve 

by cngineer terr;lin tezllils untler the control of art ;~ssisl;~nt 

chief ol'sraff. C7 (intelligelice). Thi\ continues. hut witli the 

excitement ofne\vcunim:~~~d-critici~l datn i'lo\vil~g into llie process. Semii~uto~~omoi~s opelntioos by iiinlleu\,er briendes (distrihuted mancu\,er) de~nalld a cle;~r u~iderst;~ndit~g 11l' the imp;lcts of terrain nlld we;~llicr. %I meet this challenge. cxperin~cntatinli witli dcdicatcd termi~l-;ui;~lyis support to niimco- 

\,er bripadcs hcgnl~ witli Forcc XXI and expanded 111 all inaneu- 

\:er bripadcs during rl~e Division A~lvanccd W;lrfightin@ Experinlent. Brigade \upport is now ctandard for workilip concepts and calncs overto tlie Initial Bripiidc C~>mh:lt Team (IBCT). 

(;enspatial Ser~iccs (Sorveying and Printing). Se~viccr (11- 

ten are ~iot ltoticetl unless tliey ;Ire tth5cnl. Such ir ihc heliindthe-scencs work 01 tl~c iiiiliti~ry ~cc~~l)alioiii~l hpecii~lily (MOS) 

82D geodetic surveycr ;mil MOS S I L photolithographen Higllleholutioii ~~(~dctic cnlitr~l pro\ idch die spalial accuracy inecded 

for precision lire\ and n;~vigalinri. The peodetic sur\,cy is tlie 

criticill sr,lning point wlie~hcr opcnitig ;I tistical airfield 01-deli\- 

erinp p~cise :~itillc~y. Printillg sen'icch lakc on triediilif \\,it11 

Ihc rapid increiise in tcn';~in knowledec. Printins continue5 as :in 

echelon- hove-clivisil111 cap;thility. hut the li~ture is in highly 

drployiihle digital-printin: niodules based ;it Cnlps level. The 

modules u~ill he deploycil to the critical point of lneed on llie 

h;lllletield and will link will1 the terr~iin assets ullder engineer 

contn~l. Tliesc digital printing systems incorporate tile tecli~iology (the high-voluliic lixlp printer) prn\re~i dul-ing tlie Joint Contingency Fol-ce Advanced Wal-lightin~_ Experiment lieltl at Fort 

Polk. Lotlisiilnn. in Septcmber2000. 

Implications for the Future 

G eospatial cngineerinp is not new. 11 is a new term 

detioting ;l much-expanded engineer mission. It 

iinpacts e\,ery soldier on the bnttlcfieltl, with thc engiliecr officer still chal~ed to be tlie local resident expert. 11 is 

not the mission of only a few centrally located experts (assisIan! Co11~senngieers and terraill warmlit officeni u:i~hin the 

Regilnent. Enpitleer officers at theater. colps. division. brigade. 

and b:lttnlion levels must be the telr;~in experts. responsible for 

helpill: the commander \.isll;tlizc tlie imp:~ct of terrain. To learn 

how to dothat. visit thcTerrain Visuali7atio11 Centcr's Web sits 

at /I~~~~:/~I:~~I~~.~~~oo~/.~I~~~I~.I~I;//~I:~ 

The rapid growl11 of the geosy;~ti;~l-engineeri~~p missinli can 

he secn in the Iil-\t digiv,tldivi\ion. M1ith the addition ofhrigadc 

terraill support and enihcdded data m:lllagement. the 8-soldicr 

di\,isi~tli tcl-rain-;i~ialysis teati? exp:ulds to a 34-soldier co~iiprehensi\,c feospatial-sul>li(~rI structure. Tllc IBCT expantled the 

role eveti further by dilni;lnding cl;lt;t m;mage~ncnr nt the tilaricuver hrigadc to exploit tlic robu\t rcconii;tiruncc. survcillalice. and target-;squisitic~n capi~bilitics rapidly. Tl~is deiiiit~ided nmore experienced terrain-;~nnly\is stail.. capohle di~t;~ 

~iian;~gement, nnd [lie ability lo integrate liew geo.;pntial illfor- 

~iiation rapidly. The IIICT coilrain\ ;I 5-holdier gcospa~i;tl support ele~iic~il led hy an eltpineer wnl~n111 ofiicet: All ol'tlliz cn- 

])atiOed geosp;~ti:ll-\upp~~rt capnbility is under ni;~n;t@e~nent ;tnd 

control of engineers rather lliiin the CZ. 

Sumtnary 

G ei~sp;~lial engineering ic a l'uncliolial n:lme clioltge 

froln lopi1gmphic engineering, hut il is not ;I neu; 

elipinccl.concep!. Engiliecrs still liavc tlic task of pro- 

\ ding lh;~~rleliel~l visuali/;ttion tlimugh walyis. sy~ithcsis, and 

tl;itah;tse m;ttlagcment. Geospati;~l engi~~cering ~,rovide\ the 

services afge~ideticurveying and repmtlucti~~n. As the Army 

exp:tniis its cap;~hilities tlimilgh nutoln;~tion ~~ictliods. the mlc 

~lftlie peospa1i;ll cnginccl-eul~andc signitic;~ntly. Ascuniin;~ndclr I-cly on ;In eccnl-;tte tlepiction of the g~-otitid to c~liduct 

militat). npcrations succcsxfillly. so lhcy rely on pcospati;~l 

cngiliccrs. Gcospati;~l enginccrinp is indclihly linked to ilif~lrlnation dr~lliini~ncc ;and llic succcr\ of the digital i'orce. Y 

13"forc lzi~ rc~~~~~!l rclirc!wi,r, l~i~~~~r~~~rC~~/o~?~~l Ho~q~i,rv (1,s c/,!(/ 

I(/ rlre Tiri~iiii \'iciar/ir<iiion Cciii?,: 7a,l/lOC Pn,.(rriiii l~ir<,:.r,llir>i, 

()r/icc,fi,,- Pvroin DuI<,. b.,>rl l.c,~~~~ir~I \l~,~o~/. ~bfi,v~ot,ri. H,' <,I,ITVTTI/! 

u~ur!(txt'.x (! 1,uc fiun in rlt~~ F-orr I.c,0rz,,r~I LN!0~/~tr'~0. 

Mi: .I.lr,,?,in. i.~~r~rr~r~i~~hoi~~~l~~~i~~~~i,s~~in

~~/zicfo[~I,~~ Tcrroin W,s,,~~/i:~~lio~~ C.?,rr<,,: Hc' i,! rl~~~~~~-i~~ci~~,/~~v~~/o/~

ilic :~~r~.,paii~rl~erzgi,~~~~~ri,~,q <o,tcr/,i. He ulrrr <oaidll,o,cd Otirlr rhc 

/tircI/i,q~~~~~~~ Cf,,,r(,r/ 11~ '',\r,,z? /,t,,,3<~? <,!,d Gc~,,v~~tiri~,/ ~~i~~

,rrrdS<',?.i<.c.i (,\IC/SI" ~r,r*.q>r. ~!./iicir isirridtq~ri,r:. ~voiid,\.ii/c d~/iiiix. 

MI: hl1tr/1/>~ i,s o ,~rlir<,d o~ilii~~,;v ofliw,, ~irlr 17 v<wr.s ,~\:/?d<>r<ii ,scv\.;<.x 

ilurr~lr r!fwhirh iv ~~s~~l~~e-~k~t~c/ol~,s~~~~~~.i c.ip~~rier,c.cl. 

C11'2 iW,,rkrn iro rt,lni~~-~ir~il~.vr I<,< /irri,.i<,,i o> iiw 7RtL)OCPn,sra,,, 

l,#r<,qr,!li,n! Of/?rc, fiw ~/i,i',ui~r fl,rr<<. Hc, \wt.$ ,w<,t,io~c,sij <,$.$iprc,/ 10 11~ 

.<I/ Infi,!zl!:v /)i\,i.vi,,,, i,, <;~~rt!,~t!~?; I/,<, li~/x,,~r~~~l,ir .Fr??iw?ri,?,y C',J~I?,: 

/I,,? Mrl~vi,: W?:qbriu: oiid rlrr ZVrlr Eitgirwcr- Xri~r<i/iorr. /'or1 SZi<i/lcr: 

H<m.iiii. CLV? Morkrvi hohl.~<i hn<./r<dor.i i,i ge,rgnrl~hy 
Disseminating Digital Terrain Data 

to Warfighters 

M ancu\,cr. engi~ieer. artillcry, intelligence. cnmhat- ni;tnafement prilctices and solicl lactical standard oper:~tinp 

support. and combat-scr\iice-supporl leaders need prnced~~~-cs (TACSOPs). 

accurate. current. and relc\,anr digit;~l terrain dam 

for ~iii<\ii>n planning. situational awalrncss. and viewing the Who Needs Digital Terrain Data? 

"c~immo~i operational piculre"'41-annotatctl planning tnab A I1 \w-tipliters lin\,e become consulnels of the digit;il of the battlespace. These digital maps will be tlie future hasis ren.:~in data produced by the Nation:ll Iniapery and Ibr visu;~lizi~i:r tlie conilnon operational picture and h,r :111 M;~pliing Agency (NIMA). Until recently. NIMA'h mihsion ;ln;tlysis. The cl~:~llenge is to get llic\c comrnanders ~,rini.ir>, Army customers \&,ere top~~gmphic-engi~icerco~~~pani

and their subnrdinates on that common picture. whicli is passed and teri-ain ileteclimc~its. Everyone t~ndcrstood that the right clnwn the cli;ii~i of c(inimnntl ant1 embellislicd by planners at 111ap was in a 155-milli1ircte1~ c:inister that \vas malia@etl and e\ery level. IJltimately tlie pictu~r i\ shnrcd-or disscmitmtc& stored by the SZ or S4. Nnw. with the ;~d\:ent of the ABCS and all le~el% and forms a ctlmnion undcrstnliding ofthe opevation. other ;~utomated supp~irt systems. w:~rfigliters are "down- Tliis article describes the concept for digital ~er~.ain-d;~ri~ loading" digital tel-rain dnla [or near-real-timc terrain ev;~l- dissemiti;~tir~n currently being iniplenicntctl in tlir Army 's digit;~l u a l i o ~ i s . ~ i i i s s i o n plan~iinglrcliear\;~ls. :ind battlesl~ace force\. Dii\eniinalion will hc tlirough lhc Army Battle Cornnxtnd \:isualiz;~tiii~i. To establisli ;tnd maintai~i tlie CTOE, the senior Syste~n (ARCS). li-om tlie lecrical-opcratiii~is ccnlel- down to cngi~ieer oiliccr should publish guideline5 lor suhordin;~te weapon pli~tScir~iis and s<~ldie~-\-or 1.and W .11110rs. - ' unita. Tliis will cnstlre that u~iits with Dcpnrtnicnt ol Defense 

Who Is Working This Concept.? 

T lie TRADOC Progrnnr I~itcg~.;ttion OSfice for Terrain 

D.~ra (TPIO-TD) is coordinnting and synchroni7ing 

rlircctly witli tlic Plrigmm Executive Ofl'icc lur 

Cor~~~~iiind. COII~J.~~. and C~~i~niu~ii~ati~l~~\ Systenis and the 

prqject tlirector ti>r C<imhot Terrain Inlbrtu;~tiori Systems to 

clesign. test. and inipletnent this concept. Thcsc three agencies 

;Ire ihcused on integration. interopcr;~hilit).. iuid c~i~iimnnality 

;~pccts of terrain data ;~nd products for de\'clopin$. testin:. 

producing. and fielding Army sytelns that recluilr dipital 

terrain d;~ta. 

What Is the Engineer's Role? 

T Iiroi~ghoitt the i~nplcmenlation 01' llic cnncept. 

e\tahlisliing tlie conini<~n topogr:~liliic ope~ltinf 

en\ ironment (CTOE) will dcpe~iii on dipital tcnain-data 

di~wninati~in. Tlic CTOE is an interope~able. fully inlegl-atcd 

inct\\'ork of statitl;ircl system ;~rchircclures. standard data ;and 

~~i~ii~ii~~~iications protocols; s~~ftware lools, i~nd ntlie~- 

inllnsrructul-cs that k~cilit;~~e a conirnon 1c1pogl;lphic view nl 

tlie h;~t~lcl'icld. The 5eliior etigineer c~ll'icer. in coordini~tio~i 

wit11 tlie tcrl-tin technicians. Inust ensure tliat the CTOE is 

established within ;I cnmnrilnd so that all :tutn~i~;~ted systems 

arc opcr:iling "on the samc sheet of music:' Thi\ is 

;~ccilniplihIicd hy cmployi~ig slrnnf data- and d:~tnhasc- 

;icti\.ity address codcs (DODAACs) and n;~tinnnl ctock 

11t1111her.; (NSNs) will i~dhere to the C T O E w l i e ~ i they request 

dipital terrain data and Icrrilin ~I-(I~LICIS. 

How Does Digital Terrain Data Get to End Users? 

T Iicrc re sex'ei-al lcvcls it~itl plhs by wliicl~ d;~l;t flows 

to tlie liattle-coii~~ii;~~i~l systems ;I~J we;tpnn pli~tfi~rnis. Tlic lc\:els ;Ire the terr:~i~i tcclinici:~ns, tlir 

:itiulysts. and the n;arfiglite~-s. Tlic path, are b;~sicnlly a "puslr" 

or 'pull" ope~~tio~i. Before we can discuss thcsc opelation\. 

we II~USI hlielly erpl~li~i theh)oncI:~tion l);~m (FD) Concept (see 

arliclc. page 10). whicli envisions that e\.cry unit will h:~vc the 

basic set (foundation ~:II:I) 01 digilal tcmi~i data ia basic l~,ad. 

ify~u will) lilra contin~cncy arcs. Tlris d;~lac~~~i\i\lsnfin~;~gc

cle\,arion. ;iticl rcnture informatio~i rcqui~rd lor planning. The 

FD Concepl furI1ierst;ites that LII~~IS \\:ill receive i:ju~t-i~i-ti~~ic" 

digitill tel-rain dat;l tI1:11 is rele\.onl to their n~ission. unit type. 

iind high-~csolutio~i dipital ten-;~in Jata. This Miqsion-Specific 

Dolit Set (MSDS) is the infi>~-n~atio~ili;~t\ collzctcd, processed. 

n~~il exploited by NIlv14 (and other coilcctc,~-s and analysis 

elcrncnl\) and xent tothe warliplrters. The h4SDS may resi~lc in 

a dak~hasc 01- In;ly have hccn prnduced I1,r ;inothcr cuitoiiien 

There \&,ill he cxccptions lo Iliis Iiasic ~~re~lrise. hut [lie SCL]LICIIC~ 

01' li)und;~tion data pl-eloadcd :~nd tlie rapid dis~c~nination 111- 

the MSDS is tlic biisi, hr the fiillowiiig <lihcu\sion. Now. leti 

describc the posli a~id 111111 of MSDS 10 tlie wsrfig1itel.c. 
Terrain technici;lns and z~nalysts are tlie Arn1y.s suhjectmatter experts in tcrrain an~~lysis. topographic engi~lecring. 

peosptisl sciences, and cz~rtoglnpl~y. They establish thc push 

and pull merhnds to cllsure that rhe ripht i~ifurniation is 

avnil;~hle to warfiylitela V~I-mission pla~i~iing 2nd execution. 

Push: Topogra[>liic-c~ipi~~ccr companies and terrain 

detachnreiits \\:ill e\t:~hlisliprnfiles with NlMA so thatdigital 

terrain d:~ta of concern to their area of interest is 

autornatic:~lly pushed trj tlie~ii. This a8ill include hoth 

llrunclatio~i data sets and pla~~ncd MSDSs. 

Pull: 0lie11 terrain tcchnicin~is and :~nalysls pull data barcd 

on ascarcli ofNlhilA's Gatewily (:I ~niljtar!; 111tcrnet-lihc link 

to lerrai~l d:~t;li or order di~ta i~si~i~ sta~idi~rd s~~pply 

procedures. Thc man;igcnient of all tcrl-ai~~ ilat;~ within n 

com~nand (theater. C~II-ps. di~ision. or briyade) is a critical 

tzlsk for tcrrnin tccli~ricians and analysts. 

Push: Terraill tcclinici;l~is will "placc' li~und;tlion dab :~nd 

the MSDS onto con~~nand-post map servers so that 

i~ufliorizcd command. control. comtiiu~~ic:~tio~i~, comyu1e1-s. 

;lnd intelligence ((241) systcms can access a cuntrnlled set 

of digit;ll terri~i~~ clata.

How Will the Digits Move? 

T he conccpt i11ld it~iple~iic~~tafioii i~eth(1do1oyy 

currently ;~cccpted by tlie Army tlcpends on a ~nhust 

satellite-co~nmt~nic;~ti~,ns systern to Iiandlc the 

clisseminatio~i ofthe MSDS fin~n adivisio~i (or higher) co~nmand 

post lomultiple recci\,ers. Tlic joint systern being dcvcloped is 

the G1ob:tI Broadcnst Service (GBS), which will hc used to 

ilisce~ni~iate datn kom ;I higherco~lm>lling nutliorily to ;l "local 

niap server." Tlie GRS PI-ovidcs thc handwidth and data 

throughput lo satisfy [lie hrrradcast dissen1in;ttion or requircd 

MSDSs to warligliters. Some evaluations are being conducted 

durinf phase tulo of tlie 4th lnf:~ntry Division'5 Capstonc 

Exercise in 2001. Tlic exerciie is considered the culiiiinating 

exercise of [lie FDII. 

Warfigliters. the end uscrs of diyital tcrr3i11 dz~ta, willPull data iron1 tlic loc;ll niap server [hat supyortr thc 

corn~nanil pmt. Tlie nii~,jurity of ABCSs will use tlie digital 

tertxin data In vihuilli7e. i11181y7e. i~nd evalualc the tn-~.:~io. 

Some missio~i-data load-plrpni-ation systems will alscl pull 

cligirnl tcrlxin dat;) ;a~d niake packt~ges to cnpolt to weapons 

platforms with di$ilal-map display\. 

Push ~lat:i usina a rcrnovahle media. like :In encryption 

keying device. which will he uploaded at designated 

command posr andh)r i1ou:nlo;lded at air, ground. and 

s~ldict- platfor~ns a> often as it is required. Not only will 

digit~ll rennin data he disseminated this way hut also 

rrtlicr itcnis like sigllal ope~atinp instructions. 5ystem 

passwol.ds, and operations o\*erlays. Some recipients of 

this dnta will have pnrt;~hlc systems installed in higllmobility. ~nultipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs) and 
A s the Amiy hegills its Trnnslbrlnation. tlic decision 

uias made to contil~ue tnodeniizing tlie Counterattack Force-Ill Corps while sustaining and recnpii.tli7.ing bolh tlie Early-Entry and Containment Forces. For 

~iieclin~~izcd cornhilt engineers. the modernization effo~t includes 

tlie decision to tield botli the Wolverine and M2A2 Operation 

Deer1 Storm (ODs) Bradley throughout the Countel-attack 

Forcc. 

"Force XXI Engineers-An UpcI:~te Fro111 the Field is a series 

olthl-er ;~rticles. They are intended to he the c;calys! for botli 

cliscussion and tlic subsequent review ol' cnfineer-force 

structure as it rel;~tes to the fielding of hot11 Budleys and 

Wolverines as a par1 ol'tlie Force XXI ensineel' hatlalion. Tlicse 

recom~iiendatiol~s are h;~srd on more than 6 ye;ir, of expcsirncnling. testin,". fieldin?. and fighting the first Force XXI 

engineer hattalion. 

In "Transitiol~i~ig tothe Bradley," page 19. we lecolnmmd a 

force stl-ucu~re tliat we believe best complements the Forcc 

XXl concept. The st~~icturc is predicated on two 8-man squads 

per line platoon and I2 M.0 arniored combat eartliniovers. 

Arltlitionally we propose the nietliod by which wc would 

incl~tdz. as a part of the niodified table of organization and 

ctluip~nent. an engineer scoul pl;~loon. 

In "Facing the CSS Challe~ige." p;ige 22. we propose 

transitioning the ensineel- support element lo an engineer 

suppl~rt company. This article describes. in dek~il. the sho~~tfalls 

we experienced in fighting with Llie current org;~nization and 

also take$ into consideration the logistical inipacts offielding Bradlcys in the Force XXI en~inrer battalion. We believc 

that setting tlic cornhat-sc~-\,ice-suppo~t (CSS) structu~-e is 

paralliount to succcsr on [he h:~ttlefields of the twenty-first 

ce.ntuly. 0u1-cl~rlpnt sroclure ir not adequate. and ilwe do iiot 

ni:tke tlie requisite adjustments now, fielding the Bradley inlo 

engi~ieerh;rltalions will preclude engineer suppon t he Army's 

Ci>i~nterattack Force. We will be sevcrely crippled as we anenlpt 

to provide the hatilefield functionsol'niobility.coi~ntennohilily. 

and si~~.vi\'iibility across tlie expanded Force XXI battlespace. 

In "The Engineer Scout Pl;~tr>o~~: A Nccessity:'pnge 29. we 

(lor only recommend the slmcturz but also sh;~re with you our 

experiences whileol-ranizing. intefr;~ting. trainins. and fighting 

the engineer scout platoon at the Nation;il Training Center 

Rotation 00-10. Engineer scoirts that are equipped with the 

Force XXI BactleCommand Bligade and Below (FBCBZ) System 

and task-olynnized in support of the hrigade-reco~in~~i\si~~ice

11-oop structure enable instant digital enginccr si!untiol~:~l 

awareness forward of (he forward line of own troops (FLOT). 

These enablers and experiences valid:~tc that theengineer scout 

l'letoon is truly a necessity on the Force XXI h~ttlerield. Y 

Liririeiianr Cob~~iel Bc~l1,y c~rienoi~rl.~ rzc 299111 En,yiif<*c~,r 

Rrifriilio~f, 1st Brigor/<,. 4111 I~~lisrii.\. Di~*isiori (Mrchorri;~rl), For1 

H<rod. Tr.un.s. Pw1iorr.r nssiqlr,nr~rrrx ir~clld~ plnioori /c~ir/c:~: 

~<II?III([II~ e.!-c,riiti~v otfii.ei: ~i~~~ll~r~r~c~li(~~f ~ri~ii~fr~~~icl~~cr~ c~ficer in 

r11r 78111 E11,yirirer- Brrrfnliorf (Cor.11,~ 1VI1~)eietl): ri.s.ri.strmf S3 n~id 

<.orr~/~iir~y c~rninci~~der: ISIIT Eli~ilie~r Unffciliori, Yih II~~~III~

Dir.isiorf (Morr,N;ed): o~ld h~rrtrrliori c.wcirii\,r> ofice,: 62d 

EII,~~IIP(~' R~ftcilio~i fCoi~ihcil Hrrr~)\.). LTC BerIc!y is n 81-ruliir~fc~ 

qfrhe En,qinro- Officer Adaiirrc~rl Coir~:?e irnd Coli~na~rrrl nild 

Grricrrrl Sr(fff College a17d ho1il.r rr i~~ic~h~~lr~r~~ i11 <~on.vrrricrio~i 

e~i,yirreeri~rg fko~ft Moirtiii~n St(rtr Uriivrixiiy cirtd 11 ifrusr~rj. ir~ 

c(~n.sfrrr~tiori rii(inogo~~enr,i,-~~~~~ Col<~,mli, Sl(11r Ur~it,~)~iry 
Zy Captairr Jason Kirk 0110 

errant Co 

J~iWa~tcg 

. e~ 5 - CJ 

, .* ~-> 1 

c a. . . -. - , Fm2 

it P. 

/ C. 

. . 

. . . 

, ,.,..-, 

. -,, L-' 

. . - , .. ., . . . , . ~- ,. , 

A < our Ar111y hegins the journey of T~-;lnsior~nario~i. ~~~~rnhcris 3 12 in the F\'02 TOE. which includes manlli~iginrthe 

rhc oilier m;(ior developnientul initiati\.e-Force yet-to-hs-tieltled Griz~Iy breachcr(see arricle.page 36). Critical 

XXI-has m;~tured into a comtx~t-ready 111-ganiration, enablers fielded \\ itliin the 299th Enginser Battalion i~icl~~de 

Earl! in FY02. tlie Arniy's lirst Forcc XXI division. tlie 4th the digilal comn1and-and-c~111trol systeni~-the Maneuver 

Infantry Division (h4ecliani~cd). Fort Huotl. Tcxas. will assipn Coi~trol Systrm (1fCSl ilnd the Force XXI Battle Co~iirna~wl 

its 1st Brigade C:otnhat Tei~~n-with its organic 299th Engineer Brigode and Belo\\ IFBCBZ) System. The other \ itnl enabler in 

Batt;~lio~-the division ready-b~igade n~ission. This mission is tlie 299111 is the engi~ieer scout platoon. Thexe digital syslsmr 

one in ;I long line orcritical luissions rhat the 1st Rrieadc and and the well-I-esourced and trained en~ineerscuutplati~on have 

the "ProvL.n Pioneers" ol the 2~19th haye u(,mpletcd till- the. enabled the Forcc XXT combat engineers to tluly do nlow \\,ill1 

Army over the p;~st decade. From M~ircl~ 1991 to Deccmber less-arid dn it better-as they support the inaneu! srbrigadc 

2000. the Force XXI 1st Bripde and the 299th have ex- fight across ;In exp;~~ided battlespace. 

pcrimentetl. tested. and no\\. fieldcdF~)rcc XXI digital systems. ~l~~ illcleosed situadl,n:ll ;lwareness tllat t11~. colnliiandelThe ?99th reorga~tizedunder two hignificant modified t;lblc of ttlrough MCS at the hattalion r:lctical-operationi 

orgenir:ition and equipment fMTOEI chanecs as the cellterandthcFBCB2S!~stet~~~iiountedoniillc~~~iibat\~eliicl

conscrvatise heavy-di\'ision design evolved. The 299tll- enables incre;ised reli;lnce and tilore efficient usc of dynamic 

olo~ig \r~ith A Com()any, 588th Enfineer Rnttalio11-also throughout the httlespacc in botli nffeilsive and 

deployed rlie Arrn!.'s first Bradle! fighting \chicle-equipped defeni,,e operatiolls. ~l~i~ increased situaliollal a$vareness-. 

engineer comp;lny to tlie Nationill Trainin2 Celller. The sha~rd throughout tlie digitized force-illso greatly decrease\ 

significant le\sons learned durin~ all of these missions are the lil;clillooii of cusualties ('roll1 [nine strike,. (Information on 

vital to theEngi11ee1-Reginlet11 as additiimel comblt-engineer ellenll. obstncles. as or emplaced 

baualionr become digital :~nrl ;Is the Foirc XXI elli!ineer lficndly obstacles. is sh;lred instanli~~ieousl!..) 

table of org;lniratinn and cquipmmt (TOE) evolires again with Thcre are two critical areas where the Farce XXI engineer the ficlding of the M2A1 Operation Desert Swrm-Engineer battillion made rrductiuns-lnanpowcl. alltl equip,,,cnt, (ODS-Ej B~.atlley. Additionally. the Force XXI cngineer battalion no longer has 

Fond;irnental to the Force XXI concept is 3 smaller force on orgi~nic support 1,latoon rhat pnlvirles ~n;~inrenancc. foodthat :tcl~icvei increased lctlialit)' through enabling systems. service. and distribution functions. Katlier. the rupporting 

The force-strt~cturedecrease has rl~ken tlie ~iiechaiiireddi\~ision forward-support battalion-in tlie form of an engineer support 

from an 18.000-soldier orpnization to one with justo\:er 15.0011 elenlent-provides these logistical functions. As the 399th 

soldiers. 'Thc di\lisioniil combat-engineer hattalion has adopted this leaner orpaniziition, it developed methods to 

dou,nxizetl from442 soldiers to288 as ofthe FYOl TOE. (This improvecomhnt-engineer operations: 
The Force XXI comhat-engineer platoon has two sapper 

squads. not three. 

In o.ffe17~il.c operoiions, combat-engineer platoons 

continued to provideeffective mobility suppon by increased 

reliance on mcchanical, as well as explosive. breaching with 

each squad tou,ing a mine-clearing line charge (MICLIC). 

Command and control of breaching operations is better in 

that the sapper platoon segeant is no\vfonvard--niollnted 

in the platoon's founh MI 13 armored personnel carrier. Tlie 

299th developed the tactics. techniques. and procedures 

iTTP) of always organizing sapper platoons in breaching 

stacks. with each stack consisting of a proofing blade (MI 

tank plow). a sapper squad with :I MICLIC. the platoon 

leader or platoon sel-geant for command and control. a 

\\'ol\,erineiarniored vehicle-launched bridge (AVLB!. and 

an 149 armored combat earthmo\:er (ACE). Force XXI 

engineers are able to provide better mobility support by 

immediately broadcasting a "breach-lane-report overlay" 

ora "scattemble-mine bypass-rep011 overlay" to all FRCB2 

System-equipped units in the maneuver brigade. Tlie 

engineer scout platoon further reduces our reliance on 

conventional breaching methods hy providing detailed 

mobility intelligence. 

m In dcfi.~l.rire o/~~rz?rior~s, increased situational awareness 

and lbcused training enahlcd the 299th to deli\.e~- better 

synchronized countermobility effon with no decrease in 

linear frontage covered (cited by National Training Center 

engineer tr;liners) despite having fewel- sappers on the 

ground. increased planning synchro~iizatioll achieved 

through the Digital Terrain Support System. the MCS, atid 

the FBCBZ System faciliwred more effective employment of 

the full menu of scatterable mines-ground- and airdelivered Volcanos, artillery-delivered aerial denial artillery 

an~unitionslren~ote antia~~~ior mines (AD.I\MslRAAMs). airdelivered Gators, and grou~id-en~placed Hor~~ets and 

Modular Pack Minc Systems (MOPMSs). Countermobility 

training focused on scatterable-mine employment. putting 

the obstacles at the right place at the right time. The engineer 

scout platoon trained toeffecti~ely employ the Hornct and 

MOPh4S munitions, the line companies focused training 

on ground-delivered Volcano and MOPMS employment, 

and the battalion's engineer-support-area personnel (led 

by the battalion S4) trained to serve as a launching and 

reload point for air-delivered Volcano platforms. The Force 

XXI digital systems. coupled with this focused training 

effo~t. enabled the 299thto achieve the Force XXI imperative 

to shape the battlespace. 

In rlefi.~isii~e ol~rrorio~i.s. there is less of a requirement for 

vehicle-survivability positions since theForce XXI brigade 

fights more dispersed and maintains the flexibility to tluly 

defend in sector and reposition througliout the fight. The 

299th'~ TTP to effectively deliver survivabiliry support 

wlierc required were to for~tt blade teams by pairing each of 

tlie attached echelon-above-division combat-supportequipment platoon's D7 dozers with an M9 ACE. The M9s 

that were not committed to digging turret-defilade 

fightingpositions were used to dig tank her~ns or deception 

positions. To maximize frontage in thccounter~nohility dig 

effort. the 299th adopted the TTP of digging levels 1 and 2 

tank he~n~c before dedicatinpeffort to full-depth tank ditches. 

Command and control and battle tracking of the deknsive 

preparation is better with the ability to quickly send 

obstacle-status reports and overlays and clearly understood fighting-position grid coordinates digitall!, rather 

tlvon rhrough FM voice communications. 

As the A~my hcgins its Transformation, the Chief of Staff 

decided to continue modernizing the Counterattack Force-Ill 

Corps while sustaining and recapitalizing both the Early-Entry 

and Containment Forces. For mechanized combat enpineers. 

the modernization effort includes the decision to field both the 

Wolverine and M?A2 ODS-E throughout the Counterattack 

Force. The Bradley fielding plan calls for a one-for-one 

replacement of the current 28 MI 13 amiored personnel catriel-s 

in mechanized combat-engineer battalions beginning with the 

91st Engineer Battalion. 1st Cavalry Division, in FY02. (In 

addition. the fielding plan includes an M2A2 ODS-E Ibr the 

engineer battalion S3. a requisement validatedduri~~g the breaclifocused National Training Center Rotation 00.10 in August 

2000. for a total of 29 Bradleys.) 

The M2A2 ODS-E will provide increased mobility. lethality. 

survivability. and sustainability as Force XXI engineers 

conduct combat operations alongside their infant[) and amlor 

counterparts. Since Force XXI engineers are employcd as 

another maneuver element in the hrigade combat teatn-per 

the emerging doctrine in FM 5-7 1-3, Rrignrle E11,qi)ieer C011lbaf 

Operrrrion iA17nnr-ed)-the M2A2 ODS-E is the tight platfornl 

from which colnhat enginecrscan fight and win on the twentyfirst-century battlefield. Incorparating the lcssons learned in 

successfully employing the 288-soldier combat-engineer 

battalion. the 299th prol)osal for tihe Bradley TOE is a 333- 

soldier organization. Criticill to tlie success of this organization 

in support of the Force XXI maneuver brigade is the 

establishmer~t of an enginecr support company-resourced 

and manned to provide combat service suppon (CSS)-and 

the engineer scout platoon. The Force XX assault-and-obstecle (ALO) platoon has 

four ~9 ACE^, not seven (atotal of 12 in the battalion. not 21 ), Tlie Force XXI engineer hattalion no longer hos an organic 

support platoon that provides maintenance. food-service. and 

In qfie~~sii~r oper~1ri017~. each of the four M9s is at- distribution functions. An engineer support element that is 

tached to a rapper squ:ld. While the company as a whole organic to the base supportcompany ofthe maneuver brigade's 

has lost redundancy in blades, this organization is better in forward-support battalion now provides those functions. The 

that it has a decreased sustainment rcquirernent-another 299th'~ lessons 1e;tmed and recomnlendations regarding CSS 

imperative of Force XXI operations. are outlined indetail in the anicle "Facing the CSS Challenge" 
Proposed TOE for Force XXI Engineers 

HHC, Engr 8n 

Hy Div 

11-05667 

I 

I I I I I I I 

on pay 22. Tliic article dcscrihes. in dck~il. the shoni;rlls we 

erperienccd in figlitins with tl~r current or$nni7adnli a~i~l also 

t;tkes intri considct.ation llic 1ogistic;ll impacts of fieldi~ig 

Bradley\ in the Force XXI engineer hatt;~lion. 

The Force XXI organization dedicates 3 bl-iearle re- 

~:onnaiss;~tice troop (RRT) \\:itliin c;lcli maneil\;er hript~de tri 

provide tlie comlnandcr with responsive inrelligence and 

security across a battlespace witli an expandcd wi~ltlil~icl 

depth. To fully support tlie c~rpincer-specific reconnniss~tnce 

rcquiremc~its acrosx tlris battlespace-and to take advanta~e 

of the csp;~bilities of tlie Hornet. MOPMS. ADAMIRAAM. 

and ;[is-delivered Volc:~no scartelnhle-lninc systems-the 299th 

orgsnired with deilicnled engineer scout?. B!' organizing. 

etlt~ipping. and tr;~iliing thcc engineer sc~iots i\vhetlrer 

organized :IS ;I platoon under control vf a b;~lt;~lir~n or ;I 

hrigadci. they hccame ;In integrated element of lhc BRT. a~rd 

the 20'1th proaided hetter and morc effective engineer 

~~ccrinn;~isxance and dy lrarnic point-vhsracle clnplacemeni. Tlic 

enninrer sc(~ut\ are tsul\, both acnuntemiohilitv and n mohilirv 

I 

I I 

- 

cliahler on the Force XXI hattleficld. Because the FYOI TOE 

h, '15 . ,t~~thnri%cd 24soldiers for tlre nr~t-yet-I'iclded Crirzly 

hreacher. there waa ;11i opportunity to incorporate a 22-soldier 

ellginerr acout plnto<~n into ourorgani~ation. The figure above 

S~UM:~ (iur reco~ii~iie~ided e~~gi~ieer Bradley TOE. which 

includes the el~ginecr scouts organi~ed uncles cacli linc 

cotnpany either to fi~lit as a s~uad ~l~lcler a [:(\I, force or ns ;I 

platr~on with tlic BRT. The 299th'~ lescons learned illid 

funlicr recolnlncndations concrrning the engineer scouts arc 

fi1111ic1- outlilicd in ilic :~sticlc "Engineer Scout Platoon: A 

Neccssity"oo pa:c 2'). 

A80 Plt 

1-0.2324 

XXI digital gstetiis pso\:ide. The dcdic;tlcd en:_' 'Itlecr SCOLII 

platoon provides increaser1 \:crsatility to the iiianeuver 

comrn;inderilr crnplnyinf dynamic obt;icles ;1nc1 in providing 

fricuscd engilleel- rcconn;~i\sance th;u facilitates hccdorn oi' 

Iiianeu\.cr (in tlie cnp;lnded Forcc XXI battlefield. Mounted ill 

tlie marc survivable. mohile. and lethal Bi-~dley fighting vehicle. 

Forcc XXI colnhat engineers will he inure cilp:~hle to rilciliti~te 

tlic dominant maneuver cif the brigade conihat te;uii. With 

lessons leal-ned and then refined in u~arligliting experiments 

and testing that befan in the late iwclrtieth celrtusy. this 

prolic~sed TOE is the right evolution for Forcc XXI engineers 

in the twc~ity-I'i~-st century. w 

C[~prcri~r Kirk c(?r~t~r~(r~i</.v A COIII/XJI~\, 299111 Et~girtc,<'r. 

8(1rrtr/i(11!, Forr Ifll~i~l, Ti.t(rs. H~,S~~~CI~~~I~I.~ (,r.?.?ig!ri~~c~r~r.s iri(~/li</c2 

~i,s.si.~r~r~zr err,yit~wrirr~c/ /7~1rf~!Iioi1 1Jtolr)r <!#:C~J: 299rl1 ErlXir!c,(!r 

B(irro1inr1, and pirrrocrrl Irrrdrr: 54, rind <otrqnmy XO irr rlrc 

11111 Etr,qirzc>er 1?(1tr~rli11~1. .?(I111Jii111r:v Divisiot~ (hf~~~~l~o~

Forr Slricor-I. (;ror::ric~. CPT Kirk ic (I g~orlrrofr i!/ The I/S. 

hlilifor~ Ar<,,l,,~n~ 

1 M2AZODSE 2HMMWs 2HMMW 1 MZA20DS.E 1 MI068 2HMMWr 1 HMMW 

3 HMMWr 1 LMTV 3 P41068~ 1 HMMW 

1 Mi068 2HMWWJs 

1 LMN 

Cmd Sectlon 

80.5.13 

ABE 

1-&4d 

Scout Squad 

0-0-7- 7 

. , ,, 

This proposetl Force XXI enginecr TOE allows the hattali011 U~tircr~ir? 11r1d 11 ~nci.~re~-:s irt c~~rz.srt-t~~:rioti Ji!~i?t~7,q<~nr~~irr./i-~11

to take Cull atlvatitage ol' tlie enahling capabilities that Force Col(,~r~r~/,> Sf<rro U~~ir<~r-,siry. 

Mrry ZOO1 El7,qiltc!(~l- 21 

co ~q 

1-0-5-6 

AhnJLog 

008-8 

1 Ma2 0DS.E 4 M2A2 DDS-Es 2 M518 iVolenos1 1 HMMW 

1 MI068 2 MlCLlCr 4 Wlverner 

2HMYWs l LMTV ZHEMh4Tr 

1 LMTV 2 HMMWVs 

4 MSACEr 

1 lMTV 

OPsiPlanS 

1-0-12-13 

S6 

0011-11 

UMT 

001.1 

Cbt Medlcs 

0-01010 
Facing the CSS Challenge 

Transitioning the Engineer Support Element 

to an Engineer Support Company 

or iiiony. the term FOI-cc XXI has only olle meaning-- (ESP)-was established to support the engineer bntt;~lion. The F dipitiration. But forthose who sel-ve in the Army's lirst ESE-which is not a company-is, in hcl, subordinate to thc 

Force XXI division-the 4th Iniantr]r Division base support company. This subtle diffel-ence has a significant 

(Mechaliized) at Fort Hc~od. Texas-Force XXI has msnv im ilnnact an how CSS ~ ~ is nrovided ro the engineer - hart;~lion. 

plications. Thia article focuzcs on orily onc of the challcnpes 'I'he Army leadership knowingly took significant risks witli of hein: o Force XXI orgaiiization+~o~iih:~t-service support engineer CSS structllre se\,eral years ago. Experience.: at (CSSt. Under the old Ann? uf Excellence niodificd table of Natic,nal TI.aining (NTC) Rok,tion 9t)-(,5, Fort Irw:in, organization CIII~ equipment (MTOEI. CSS was organic to tlie California. proved this i-ish was that it placed ~nechanizedenginecrbattalion ill tl~e form of a hntt8lion support overall maneuver nlission at risk, and thc inihl ESP was 

platr~on found in the lir;~dquartcrs company. The support upgraded to all ESE, platoon consisted of ;i food-service scction. a distribution 

section. and a maintel~ancc section. Folrc XXI changed all of 

that. No longer is CSS organic to theenginccr battalion: instead. 

SLIII~UIT lras heen reorgnnizcd under the conimand ;md control 

of thc hward-suppolt battalion (FSB). Todny. llre engineer 

hopporl clcment (ESE) prt~vidcs CSS to the engineer hattalion. 

Thc engineer hatlalion was no1 thc only orgnnizi~tion in the 

division to undergo such a clrange. CSS to maneuvel- h;~ltalions 

was also rcoryanized undcl- tlie cotnm:~nd and control of the 

FSB. However. there vierc some fundamcntol differences 

between the CSS to maneu\,er hc~ttalions as co~ripared to tlie 

enginccr battalion. The leorpani7;ltion cstnhlished f11rw;u.dsupport colnpal~ics (FSCs) Tor each supported maneuver 

hattalion, while the ESE-initially an enpirieer suppoll platoon 

ESE Organization 

T be ~nultifi~nctional ESE operates oli a centralized CSS 

concept. providinp all classes of sul~ply. food service. 

distribolion. and lactici~l field rnoi~~tcna~ice to the 

enfulecr battalio~~ and to itself. The ESE leader is capable trf 

cnlss leveling between the enzineer ~rpair secticinslteams to 

weight the main effort as the mission dict;~tes. The three rorward 

engineer repair section$ (FERSs) and three engineel- combat 

I-epail-teatus (CKTs) provide the irnmedi;~tecapability and t:~skorganizatioti llexibility to support our Fot-ce XXI engineer 

battalions (see Figure I, which is li-om FM 5-71-3. Bri,qa~lc 

Ei~$irirc~- Cornbot O$>e~r~tion.c [Ar~iiorrill). 

1-0-12.13 

1 63H40 I 92630 2 77F20 1 YOAOO W03 3 6ZA40 

1 63830 1 92020 1 77F10 1 63 H40 1 63H20 

1 52020 6 92G10 3 88M10 3 62820 5 63Y20 

1 63Y20 2 62H20 1 63H10 

2 92A20 3 44610 8 6JY10 

1 52010 3 63810 

1 63810 6 63H10 

1 63510 3 63WlO 

1 63YIO 3 63Y10 

2 92A10 

Figure 1. Engineer Support Element Personnel TOE 63108F00 

22 E!~,ginee, 
Headquarters Section - Provides comm;md and control 

and overall supenision of the element and its assigned or 

attached personnel. Through the direction of higher 

headquarters aid the allocation of a logistics officer (O~I9OA00) 

as the leadel- and an E7 as the senior equipment-maintmance 

YCO and operations sergeant. tlie headquarters section is 

designed to provide a flexible conl~nand-and-control 

envin~nmenl. 

Food-Service Section - Plans and conducts food-ser\,ice 

sllppo11 to the en~i~ieer battalion along with Class I suppon. 

using its assigned mobile-kitchen trailer. The food-service 

section can be modula~-ized to support co~npanies taskorganized in an attached command relationship. 

Distribution Section - Pmvides petroleum. oil. and 

lubricants (POL) and cupply-point distribution to thcengineer 

baltnlion. This section. like thr others. is capable of heinp 

modularized. Of note is the cxtremely limited distribution 

capability outsidc of hulk POL (see Fieure 21. 

FERSsEngineer CRTs - Provide maintenance support 

for engineer equipment. Each of the repair sections provides 

command and control for tlie repair teams. The engineer repair 

technician (W31919AO) and tlie senior nraintunance-section 

NCO providc maintenance and task-organiz:~rion expenise. 

Each engineer CRT is organized with mechanics: reco\,ery 

assets: contact trucks: cargo trucks: atid iornard repair 

systems. heavy (FRSH) and is supported wilh surge capability 

(the ability to push more maintenance support for\val?l) in the 

FERS. Regardlccs of the t;irk organii.ation, each company CRT 

is a .I w.1)~. . . collocated \vith the enpineer conipany to provide 

im~netliate fo~xrard repairs, aid the team "works tor" the enginecr 

company first sergeant. even rllough its higher Ihe;~dqua~.tel.s 

is the ESE. Additionally. mechanics in the Force XXl division 

are now multifirnctionnl-or capable of protiding unit-level 

and direct-support maintenance-with the theory being that 

they are nou able to colnpletc levels-20 antl-30 maintenance 

without delay u> the customer. 

~alntenanae~erronnel MainbnancePefronnel MaintenancePe-nel 

(less rssenesl lless45aeriesl I~SS dsseresi 

SellorNCO IE6.I 

72-tan semvin. I,OD" 

5-IMexpans8blevi8l 

SAUS~1 cornpuler 

MW HEMTTivreCker 

Combat Repair Teams Combst Repair Teams CombslRepairTearns 

Md8A2HercUIes 

2' 2-,ancargo~rr,er 

Distribution Sectson Distribution Section Dinribulion Section 

M978HEMMTf~eler 

M977 HEUYTcarqa 

Figure 2. Compare and Contrast - CSS Personnel and Equipment 

Yni _1(7r)i F!~ei,~ecr I+ 
ESE Field Test 

11 Iiilc Ji~titli~r!, 2000. the 200th Fnpinccr Battalion 

(lcl?loycd In tlic ficld for 2 113 months c>f continuou\ field I[ .. f~.i~~nt~ig. TIIL' priliiilr!, ~OCIIS ~I'tlie tl.:~iliing \\;I\ tlic Force 

X\I Ri~t~lc Cotii~i~i~~~d Bri9:lilc i~nd BeIo~v (FBCB2) Syste~ii 

Litiiitcd UscrTe\t HO~CVCI [lie 1 st Rrigi~de C~mh;~t Tc;~m WIY 

iliih linic' 3, ;In t~ppon~~ni~y to conclt~ct it.; NTC train-up :~nd 

ie?t the ~ic\r. CSS rcdccigll. 

Tlie tic\\ ESE Icailcrcanic in March. with mucli cxpcricncc 

under tlic Force XXI CSS clcsi~n. Since lie Iii~d previouhly 

xr\.cd ;IS ;I hntt;~lion ~niai~itcni~ncc ofricer and ;I si~ppcirtoper:~tirrns irfliccr in all FSC (\i~pporting a mancuYcr haltalin~i 

it1 the Fulrc XXI dcsignl. Iic bclic\,ed lie hnen huw thiseletnent 

n;lr \uppored to iq)elutc. Hc liad thc concept hut did 11<1t lia\:c 

tlie 1pcl.sonncl tir cquipmcnt witli which IO i~iiplcrirc~it his plan. 

He <li\co\.clrd tliis the ltartl w;iy wlien lhe ~velito the fielil Sor 

the first rime with the EST.. Ohser~ing the cnfinecr forwardsupp~>rt arra ;ind its gmlwing unit ni;~intcn;tticc-collectio~i poi~il. 

it hcc;~nie clear to the ESE lcacler tli;it mi~inten;tn~.c was [lie 

III~~~I-concern for the ESE during the ficld cxcrcisc. 

During the f rst \wek ofthe tcs~. YOpcrccrit ofthe h;~ttalion's 

;~rmored veliiclc-launcliwl hridgcs (AVLBs). which drove an 

avel-;igc of 17 niilcs and rn:~int;iined ;ill opc~.ati<)nnl-rdi~icss 

rare of about 78 percent. wcrc parkctl in the engineer ti>ru.ardsunoort area and remained there fur the entire field cxcrcisc. 

iijruard to t;tke parts 111 tlie CRT and acting as :I hncki111 fur tlie 

battalion innintenancc technicinli. 

The CUT, spent mole time foilif h;~ck 111 tlic cnfinccr 

furw;~nl-supprrrt area for pans and supplies than they spclit 

stayin$ rorwanl. which kept the teams il.0111 di;~g~iosin: UIILI 

lining pr<~hlcms in the f~r~~iird areii. As a result, critic:ll systems 

\vcre ci~nstniitl? bcing cvacunted atid returiied to tl~e figlit afer 

a le~tpthy >lay in tile enginccs f(irwnri1-suppol-i arca-if they 

rctiimcd at all. Since mo<t oi'the seniol'leaderihip was occupied 

with Ic~oking for parts and trying to inanage m;tintcnance 

operations. lirtle emphasis was placed on inissioii-\pccific 

logistics plilnni~ig f'or \upport of the battalioil. Thc initi:~l 

extended test re\e;tled wnie ohvioi~s liinitations in the tien 

ESE design. 

CSS Challenges 

A fter operating For 2 112 ~nontlis. the hattalion 

completed an in-depth analysih of wliy 11ie CSS u2as 

sri challenging. The analyzis was nan-owed to the 

folloiving areas: pcronnel and equipment rrs[n~rces. senior 

Ie;~dersliip. and tlic command and co~ilrol within the ESE ;tnd 

it.; relatinnrhip with the engineer hattalion. 

Resources. With 78 soldiers arrthorized. the ESE is 

substanli;~lly s~iialla than the FSCs that suppon the annoriind 

infantry battalion\. which have 172 and 165 personnel 

an a\ elqe opel-otion;~l-rci~di~icss rate uf7S pcrccnt. 

The design faced many challeiipes and w;ls off to a rocky 

start. One or the obvious reasons w;is that only one r~flicer 

was respon\ible for thc entire support systcm fnr tlic engineer 

battalion. To niainrai~i long-tcrni olrcrations, it wi~s almost 

i~npossiblc for him to i~cus on one area with any proficiency. 

llre ESLleaderth~~u:ht he wnuld he able to conccntrateon thc 

otlicr classes of supplv (I, 111. :111d V). hut Class 1X a~id 

tnaintenance operations bsc;~me the focus horn day one. 

Managins tlie design places a tlrnlendou\ buden and responsibility 011 even the most seasoned maintenance warrant 

orficcr. Additionally. the ESE had to help with m. dIntcliance 011 

equilxiient such as the FRSH. The ESE had lilnitcd lili and 

welding capahilities hut had tlie same amount of eqoipmenl lo 

m:~int;~in ;IS a111ane11~~rbatti1lio11. The hanillion executive ofticel; 

the S I. and tlie S4 had to turn away from t1ici1- assiglled duties 

and focus on maintenance so tlie FSE leader could focus on 

logistical suppo~l. Essentially. tliis pulled three staff officers 

away from their tladitional missions and prcvcmcd the haualion 

Tram using the administrative and logistical-operations ccntcl- 

;IS another command-nnd-cnnt~al node [or t;~cticai opemtionr. 

The niaintenance technician spent most of his tirne 

resourcing l~ans and ;~ttcnding maintenance meetings at the 

brigade support area u,licn tlie exccuti~e officer wasn't 

available. This kept hirn fro111 his joh of pmvidin teclniic;ll 

expertise in the direct-suppo~t arena wilhin the engineer f(1rw;o.dsupport area. Tlie motor sergeant spent most oThis rilllc going 

Rut the dis~ia!.ity is not limited to these sections. 

Including tanks. Bradlcys. mortar cmiers. cornmand-post 

(CP) irehicles. and APCs. both the al-niorand intitnu). batnllionk 

h:we 66 tri~cked vehicles. The Folre XXI enzinesr batralian 

also has 66 tracked vehicles: 8 M577M10hX CP \*chicles. 28 

M 113 APCs, 12 AVLBs, 12 M9 armored colnhat ealthrno\:ers 

(ACES). and 6 A4548 cargo carriers with Volcano\. 

Si~nilnrly. armor battalions have 40 wheeled vehicles. inkintry 

baltalions Iha\,e 38. and the Force XXI engineer battalion has 

41. Despite cn~~ip:~ri~blc !:eliicle strengths in ill1 s~~pportcd 

baltalions. the nrnior and iokintry battalions are supported with 

67 ~ix~intennncr personnel in the FSC maintenitnce sections 

(not counting turret mcchnnics). \~:hilctlie oigineer battalion is 

supported by only 47 maintnincln-less than 70 percent of the 

~nnncuvcr-hatmlio,~ .\tlmgtli. Eight Unit-Level Lopistics System 

(ULLS) clerks suppun the ni:incuucl- batti~iions. while tlie ESE 

h;~\ oll~y ~OUV. 

The ESE ;IISLI I;~ckr tlie tools to suppurt tlie enpinccr 

battalion. :~ltliough thi\ is mostly a supply-rathel- than an 

MTOE-ihsue. It hi~s only otie of three autliori7ed common 

nuniher-one tool sets. It has no FRSH orPnlleti~ed Latd Systein 

(PLS) transpuners (tlilrc trucks and six racks are aulhorizcd). It 

is also norsing thrcc agcd MXXAI inedium recovery vehicles in 

an nrternpt tu cotitinuc plr)viding rccovely ant1 lift support to 

the battalion, This lack of tools has :I direct itlipact on thc 

ahility ol' the ESE to provide rcsponsivc suppo!.t. There are 

also MTOE disparities: the FSC prcscribctl loocl listing (PLLI 
sections operate out of expandable vans. have 12-ton van 

tr:~ilers to carry PLL. and have a SA41S-I computer to order 

direct-?upport parts. None of these item< are authorized for the 

PLL scctioti of tile ESE. 

Figu1.e 2. page 23. shows that. compared to the FSC. theESE 

has 70 percent as many mechanics. 50 percent its many PLL 

clerks. nnd le*c than 50 percent as tnany senior XCOs. Tliis 

design does not posture the ESE to sucre\~i~ill~ sopport :tti 

engineer batvalion. These shortages cause Ciats IS operations 

to suffer. and quality assurance (QA) and qu;llity checking 

(QC)-a\ they relate to the \,erification of fault,. repnir work. 

and scliedi~led serviccs-arc substandard. Furthermore, rlie 

requirenie~it fbr these samc NCOc to train and develop the 

junirir enlicted holdiers o~ily exacerbatex the prohlan. 

In $3"-isr~n. scheduled services are conducted by llte FERS. 

n.hicli leaves the CRTs to perform unscheduled tiiaintenance. 

In the ficld environment. tlie CRTs fin fonvard wid1 the sopl~o~ted 

enginesr company a,hile tlie FERS remains in the onit 

maintenance-collccti~>~i point locatcd in the enfinecr for-\~:ardsupl)or~ area to provide direct-support-lcwl mairitenance ond 

recover). .An eripi~ieer line company CRT goes ft~raard in an 

MI 13.A1 APC. an MI011 cont;ict ttuck. andan MXSAI mediu~n 

recovety vehicle. while the FERS inaintain as-ton uuck and a 

higli-mobilil): multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HIIMWV). The 

CRT that supports the headqu;trters and headquarters company 

(HHC) and ESE maintains a 5-ton truck: an M984 heavy 

enptnded-mobility tactical. truck (HEMTT) wrecker: and an 

M 1031 cotitact truck. Figore 2 shows the contract hetwecn rlie 

FSC and the ESE in both numbers of personnel and equipment. 

Leadership The ESE has one officer ~mtliorized. conipat~d 

to fi\.e ofticera authorized ill each FSC (conin~ander. executive 

officer. supply-and-translml [SBTl platoon leader. 

~nnintenance-platoon leadel-, and maintenance-control officer). 

The ESE is authorized se\,en maintenance leaders in the grade 

of staff serseant or higher: a wailant officer and sin NCOs. In 

contrast. the FSCs are authorized a warmnt ufticer and I4 NCOs 

(1 3 NCOs for arnior battalions). Tlie impact of the leadel-ship 

shortfall in the ESE is threefold: Q.-\/QC is constrained. 

focusing on multiple missions (for example. deadlined pacers 

vs. ser\.ices) is liiore difficult, arid continued training of 

mechanics suffers. When the 45-man ESP \ras reorganized in 

January 2000 as the 78-111an ESE. much of the manning fill was 

jl~nior soldiers-privates and privates fint class. This fill of 

junior soldier5 made training and QAIQC extremely difficult. 

Command and Control. The MTOE does not provide clear 

guidance for the command or management of niaiiltenance 

elements within the ESF.. There are five mechanics in tlie ESE 

headquarters that are responsible for maintaining the vehicles 

of tile engineer-battalion HHC. Tlie remainder ofthe mechanics 

are in three ERSs and three CRTs. This orpnization is clearly 

intended to support each of three lineensineer cotnponies with 

one FERS and one CRT. But the watl.ant officer and one E7 arc 

identified hy MTOE to supervise the FERSs. while the CRTs 

are each led by an independent E7. falling under the control of 

the ESE headqoarters. This organization is flawed in two ways: 

If the three FERSc are conso1id:lted according to the MTOE. 

FERS inechanics may not he responsive to the need.; of the 

CRTs and their supponcd cotnpanies. Honevet-, if each FERS i< 

under the control of aCRT chief. the ESE forfeits theabilit!, to 

mass mechanics on engineer-hilltalion prioritiex. 

Altho~tgh n captg~in leads tlie ESE. this position is not 

cotisidzred :I company colnn~and. The ESE is suhordinate to 

tlie brigade support company (BSC) in the FSB.The ESE leader 

does nut have the sane access to the pal-cnr battalion as tlie 

FSCs supporting tlie inaneu\:er battalions. A5 a subordinate to 

the BSC. u,hich provides general support to tlie brigade. the 

ESE is *ul>,iect to bring tasked to upport the brigade 01- FSCs. 

The ESE also remains subiect lo support BSC tashingr and 

training prioritie\. Regardles\ of its tlesil-es to pro\ ide the bert 

pussible supporr to [he engineer hrttalion. the ESE ic booiid 

by cltait~s of command to support BSC raliges. fi>~nlations. and 

inrpectionc. The tie to a second chain of cornmatid. shonnotice tasking\. and required training make it diflic~~lt to ~iinke 

long-range plans for rlie ESE ancl to shield mech:~nics froin 

outside diqtracterh. 

With the ktionlsdge :airled while in the field. the enzineer 

battalion. along with tlieESE leader. organized tlie ESE to hcst 

support the battalion. This organiration. represented in Figure 

3, page 26. createstlie tnod~ilarity discussed in FM 5-7 1-3. The 

company support tea~iis are aligned to help establish h:tbirual 

supp~~rt and working relationships with the companies. The 

CRTs and FERSs a!-e for the garriion. while thedistribution and 

food-service sections operate under the scparate section 

NCOICs. 

Adjustments 

T he battalion took the shortfalls within the ESE as an 

oppotiunity to develop a feasible solution. The first 

barricr to o\:ercon?e with the ESE was its shortage of 

le:~~lsrship and expel-ienced mechanics. 111 May. ~hc hattaliiln 

pulled a captain from an authorized MTOE slot and nioved 

him into an unauthorized battalion-motor-officer (BMO) 

posilion to work alotl,oside the ESE leader. The goal was to 

li.ee the ESE leader to concentrate on logistics. and the new 

BMO ~vould oversee maintenance operations. The BtMO was 

in a better position to set the priorities for the battalion and 

pn)vide a bettel-conduit of informalion into command cliant~els. 

To ]move the battitlion fnrward again. ;I consolidated ser\,ice 

team was created out ofthe FERS teams to work on scheduled 

services for the entire battalion and not focus on onecomp:irty. 

Until this time. services on some vehicles were severely 

outdated due to the previous design of an ESP that had only 

45 personnel and could barely keep up with unscheduled 

maintenance. lliuch less serliices. The battalion-with the 

support of the divisiori-umas able to contract out a11 wheeled 

services, and the consolidated battalion sevvice team focused 

on the tracked vehicles. 

Sel-vices were nowa battnlion-rcsourced training event that 

was scheduled on the battalion training calendar and took 

priority over all other training. Platoon leaders were required to 

brief the battalion co~iimander on their respective service plans. 
Food Service 

Figure 3. Manning of the Engineel 

Between May and inid-July 2000. the battalion completed all 

but one line-platoon service hefore deployinp to the NTC in 

Aug~~r. This 1;lst platoon-deploying to the Joint Readiness 

Traini~ip Center. Fort Polk. Louisiana, tlie later pan of Augostconducted services to integrate !new MI 13A3 APC\ after the 

battalion deployed to the NTC. 

Anothel- m;t that needed ernph:lsi.; and reengineering was 

Clas IX ope~ations. After tlie Limited IlcerTest. the PLL section 

was do\\.~i 10 three clerks. The bllttalion ;~ugmcnted the ssction 

with fourmilita~-y occupntional specialty (MOSIIZB clerks. one 

fro~ii each coriipiiny. This allowed the PLL clerk.: ro concentl-nte 

on nrderi~ig parts and reestablishing the Cia\\ IN recoverahleitem.; ilo~v hack to the FSB. With the BllO in pliice, the 

liiaintennnce technician and the rnotor sergeant cnuld get hack 

into the "trenches." where they cotlld direct the priorities set 

by the EM0 and mentor the nlechanics. These actions were 

necessary to prepare the battalion for comhnt operations and 

tlie upcominp NTC rotation. 

Results of Adjustments 

T he battalion tested the adjustments made to rhe ESE 

during NTC Roii~tion 00-10. The NTC provided an 

opportunity to see if tlie adjustments \%auld cliangc 

the outcome froin that of our experiences in the field duri~tg the 

early pan of he year. While operatins tempo was high-the 

M 1 I3 fleer averaged more than 3 17 iniles. the M9s more than 

302 niilcs. and the M548 :md MI068 l~iore than 160 miles-the 

results were nothing shon of unbelie\able! 

Support Element Against theTOE 

Augmenting the structure and implementin: different 

programs allo\\'ed the battalion to enierge out of reception. 

staging, on\vard ilio\'ernent. and integration \\;it11 n 100 pclreltt 

oocrational-readi~~ess late on all home-stiition combat $\*stems 

(hf I 13A2 .L\PCs. M9 ACES. MI068 CP \,chicles. ~518 carpo 

ca~~iers. inine-clearing line charger [MICLICs]. ;!nd \blcanoes). 

Throughout the ata at ion. there were periodr (,often on nonbattle clayc) when operational readiness fell below 90 percent. 

However. faults were quickly identilied and equipment ~.cpaired. 

:tllowing the batt;tlioo toconsistently cross the liiie ofrlcpdnure 

with a 90 percent or better operational-readins.;\ rate fix each 

battle and end the ro1;ition on trailiiilp day I4 with an 

operational-leadi~iess rate in excess of 93 percent. 

The Solution 

T he ESE is not ;~dequately resourced to provide 

logistical requirements unique to all engineer 

battalion that is embedded in :I maneuver brigade. Ayain. 

the 299th Engineel- Battalion-with ;issistance from the 1st 

Brigade and thc 4th Infanti-y Division-successf~~lly rl\.ercame 

these resourcing shortfalls by making tlie follo\ving 

adjustnien~s: 

Contracting \vlieeled services. 

Assigning an officer. out or an MTOF. pohition to be tlie 

BIMO. 

w Assigning four iPLL school-trained) MOS 126s to augment 

the PLLclerk in the ESE. 

Creatin? a consolidated hnttalion service team. 
H<~\ve\,cs. ;III ESC \\.it11 70jie1~ee111 oithc meclianics. li;~lltlic 

PLL clerks. ;~nd less tiinn half the senior NCOs of an FSC 

reni;~ins in;~ilcilu;~tel? rcwurccd to support :III engineer 

hatl~li~li. cillicr in gi11-riscx1 II~ during contin~~~~u< olnrl-ationh. 

The only viahle oplion is to convert the ESE to all engineer 

h~ipl>~wtc~~~npany (ESCI :~nd rcmeily the shorti,ills in personnel. 

c(]uil,tlle111. iltlcl lentler\liil). 

Transitioning From KSE to ESC 

W ith the :"r~ti).'s rccenl decision 10 field tlrc B~idlcy 

to the I:ol.ce .XXI engineer b;~ttalions. it is 

i~npa.;~ti\z tlint M.C IIS~ llic I~ZSOIIS IC~II~CCI ti.o111 our 

c11xrivllcc\ in liflitinp the ESE. Tlicce le<<on\ arc vit;~l io orilerto 

icimliiy ;I rccn~n~ncnded desif~i for ;~II ESC that is c:~p;~hlc 01 

sustni~rin:;tIl hgi\tical rct~uirc~tient~ofn Rr;~llley-hnscrl engineer 

1i;iltalinn. Fipurc Jsl~o\v\the rn;!jurcquip~nc~tt found inn Rr;~dleybased ensinecr haualion. 21s well ;IS :t comparison ofcq~~il,~~ielit 

cle~i>iti?s inund ill ;!niio~-, iiifi~~itry. ;tniI c11~ince1- hnt1:11io1i>. 

The rcc<~mt~~cr~drd or~dni/atiiin oi ihc iSC ih bawd r)n the 

li~llo\vi~tg tIc\i:~i c~~t~~idc~~i~tio~~s: 

Wc u\cd tlcrrrit~e (IiM 5-71..?, Cl~aogc 2. page 6-5) iir kt 

in~~ndatio~i ftir (lie pnrpo\cd c>rganiil;tti~rn. The ESC itit~ht 

"o/~i,r<,l(> 011 (1 ~~i~~~!r~t/i:~~(/ C.5.S ,Y!~I(.~/JI, /~r,>i,idi~,,q ((11 

c/<t,c.~i~,v .sII~~/v, /ijod ,s?rvic<,. (/i,~Iri/~i~!i~~~~, (1t1(1 !o~.li~~<i/ 

/i?/(/ i?~o~it!ctt<tti~~c 10 !/I<, ~II,~~I??C,?. /~itllu/i~~t tilt,/ 10 il~d/.'. 

'll~c ESE (~i,>w thi. prc>posed ESC) 111ust lhc "~.~i~~nh/~ o/'cr,,,$,~ 

l<,~,(~/ii~,y I~P!~I~<TII 111r i,~?~irx,c~ rv/~cti~. SCC~~OII.Y/I~J(IJI~,Y I,, 

\I,?~~/II 111c ii~cii~t or or^ (1.7 /oqi(~(t//~ ~.rf,~~irv</. T/I<, I/I~(YI;/!RS\ o,id i/rra<, otcirrrc,~. Cl<Tv /7rot,i(f(, !/I<, inI~TC~~~IIC, c(~/~i,/~i/ir~ (ijj,/ I(I.V~-O~.~<I,I~:~II~O,~ //(;.vi/~i/~~~ 

10 .S,,/,/IOI.I ,>1tr Forw XX-1 t3!1y11tc?1. /1~~1!~11io!i.~:~ 

Wc evalililied lilc 1o;ixtic;il rctllliremc~lrs l'nr suhlninilig ;I 

Force XXI cn~ineel- 1~att;ili1111 eq~~ippcd wilh lltc M2A? 

Opr.r;~tii~~i Dcrcrt Strirm-k~igi~ice~iODS-E~ liradlcy i~i\tea<l 

nilhe MI 13. Additiotiall!.. uc ;lccoi~iircd forthr t'iclJit~pol 

tlic Wolverine and ~ilrle ;~dditional M9 ACES. 

M,.c incnrpi~l.;~tctl our experience\ in tigliti~~g rllc ESE iivcr 

all cxtcnded period ofiimc in ;I mi~lrit~~~lc oicnvir~~niiicnt\. 

Eapsricncc5 th;tt liifltliglirrtl the in~pacll:.) of ~ilch things 

asl~aving only four P1.L clcrks. being iniproperly equipped 

loen~irnn~iic~ltally protect CLLS-Ground (LILLS-G) huxcs. 

ccinductin: ~n:~inten;tnce operatiirns with o shortafi. II~ 

senior NCOs and mecli;~nics. and ]irking recovcry and lift 

awets. 

We uccd the i~rfani~arional \tructurc of the FSC that 

su[>porls :I ilradley infanlty h;~tk~licm ar the baci, Tor nur 

rcco~n~neii~icd ~~rpmrizntion. The rr.:~soii u'as t\~r,fiild: Tlic 

s~igi~iecsb;it;~li~i will he ;I Br;~dley-based org~nir;~tio~i :ind. 

as ;in orfm~ic niemhcr ol thc hri@;ltle. we thoupbt il 

iniport;~~it tli;~t the CSS s~ructure thak \upports :III orgi~ni~. 

h;~ttalions he ft~nd:ttnent:~lly structured the \31tie. 

Figure 5. paze 28. slioms llie propo\sd ESC dcsi:l~r. uhich 

\vnulrl inclrasc the no~nheroiprrsonnrl suppofliny ;in enpincer 

Ibattslion from 78 to I ?-a 11et incrs:~\e 01'01 pcrsorn~iel. 

The Iicadql~a~-ters platoon c~in\ists of the inininiutn 

~USOI~IICI lo ciperale acolnp:lny. The : ~ d d i t i < ~ n n i t h e curct~livc 

~~fficcr. First seqeanl. anrl opcr;~rio~~s NCOs hi-i~ips tl~c IP~LI~I.C

leaderrhip tn rut1 the ci)tiip:~ny cflkcti\cly. 

The support pl;~loon. made II~ ill' the loi~cl-servicr :!nil 

~lictrihutt~~ii scclions. c;111 now ciionlinarc eil'nrts ondcr the 

con~~iinnd and conln)l oi:~ dedica~cd ofl'icer and SCO to prc~ ide 

t1ecess:iry Ir,gislic;il support. Thi\ is ccyccinlly critical \\)it11 

fuel. lhec;tu\e olthe I? \\?)l\,crincr. TIic i~ddltio~i of lilur l.,iadH;~nillinf Syhtcm, (LIIS) (the hl98i HEMTT c;~rgoruck 

trpl;~ccmenl) \\:ill pn~\,icletl~r capability tr,h;~ul 25-rriilli~nctc~~ 

arnnil~t~ilionnt~d critic;~l cngincer supplies. 

Tlte rii;~intensncc pl;rtoori require5 the greatest cl~nt~er. The 

~t~;tintz~iit~ic~-c~~~itrc~l ol'iicer JII~ tlie niaintenattce tcchnici:i~t 

can work in unison ti1 c<>~tim;~nd nr~tl c~~ntr(>l tlicrn;~inle~~ance 

cfforl ;lnd tachlc~ritical issues. Iti, clearthat tlic Rradle)-rcil~~il-c\ 

nwre rneclia~nicc to 111;tillt;rin: il ti~hcs 57 1~1;111-hollrs 10 re!-\,ice :I 

Iiradlcy cu~np;tled to 7.6 ior;~n MI 13.40 lira Wol\'crinc.and 

22.2 for ;In AVLH. !\ddition;~lly. the ~.i~mplrsily oftlir 

WnI\~crine-;~ln~r with llic incrca5e orni~ie MI) ACES-also 

indick~tes ;Inrcd SI)I~ lniorc ~iicclianics. Three add~~ion:ll MXSA3 

(the tlcrcule~. \! Ihiclt isliutv hein? tiel(lc~l to replace the MSSA I ) 

Subma1 a 

Total Vehicles 1W 

 orw ward suppan 

CampanyPerronnel I72 

;Ire in the ilcsig11 10 i~llou, the iix-lSnrw:tlcl crlnccl>t to work. The 

%el-\-icc-ancl-rcc<>ver) section can Ihe thclit~h lhrt\x,cen the CKT:. 

;III~ lire FERS, [hat arc 1ncatr.d either in thc cnfirircr for\\;~rdsi~plxxt area or tlic l;~stlolrc supporl 21-cn. 'rl~cy can act ;I? ;I 

~ior-mission-c;tl>;~hlc \-cliiclc-tra~~sicr point. allon-ing tile 

origin;il tliree \IXX,\Z Hi.rcule\ to rcniai~i forn.anl with the 

supporled company. 

Corlrlusion 

T hc c~il-rent ESE strurttlre was to hc ourlitled with tinieal~d lahul--savit~g enli;~ncr~nents dcsiglied 10 support ~111 cngi~~eer h:~ttali(!n \villi ~iioclurn erlr~ipmenl. Bccaoic 

hot11 the ESE nnd the enpineer batt:~liirn haw nor bccn riclderl 

with the ccinipletc contple~iicnt i~f c~~ha~iccrncnt :ind tnust 

~iiainlain Irf;~c) cq~~ipmc-111, llir s111a11 orp:~tiizi~rio~~i~I siic and 

Figure 4. Compare and Contrast - Supported Forces ctruclili-e 1111 not fully support 1i)rce XXI c11gioci.r hatlalii>ns. 

(Future) 

~ubl01al SI 

Tots1 Vehleter 104 

~onuardsuppon 

Company Personnel 165 

Subtotal 4 

TotalVehlslss 120 

~omard suppoa 

Company Personnel 139 
Figure 5. Proposed Engineer Support Company Structure 

Englmsr Swport Compaq 

(Prowsee1 

4-1-134-159 

Becal~se olrhir-and tlie Army's decision lo field Bradlcys in 

llie engineer batralions-the structure ant1 orga~~izalion of the 

ESE milst rhangc: otherwise. wc risk resorting to lechniques 

th;~t ;Ire not in consonance with the Force XXI concept. 

I 

Hca~uartcrr 

PIE1000 

20.3-7 

1 ?*)80004 

1 90YOOO.S 

1 T3ZShl 

1 42120 

1 64810 

1 4iYIO 

1 3,",0 

(*,PER 

Our experiences at hoth Fort Hood and the N'I'C proved 

th;~ tlie ESE is still insunicient and that at1 upgrade of the ESE 

to an ESC is needed that will match the par-adign~ alre;~dy 

established I'or inf;inmy and :1r11101- battalions. T~.:~~isforniing 

the ESE to :in ESC will-rnr the first ti~ne<nsu~e that the FSB 

is hoth properly resourced and st~xcturcd to provitlr the 

logistical rcquireluents of fixinz. at-min:, and fueling tlic Force 

XXI engineer batt;~lio~i. Whilc many may he critical oi' this 

chanse. consider the following: It' no adjustments art. made lo 

tile CSS struclure that suppol-1s the Force XXI engineer 

battalion. the logistician ;md ihc cngineer will he placed in all 

untenable position. T11c battlcficld r~tnciions of mobility, 

co~~nreniiohility. and survivability will-;IL the vcry lcast-he 

degraded. putting at risk successfitl tiiission accomplishment 

and-11io1-e impu~tantly-the lives of our soldicrs. An increase 

of 61 personnel-udh the associated equip~nent-is a small 

price to pay so that our soldicrs can fight and wit1 on the 

h1ttleficld5 of the twenty-first century. Y 

Cirl)roirr Jirr1,sori is tlir rnoirirerrnrirr qfirer- /iw rhr 299fh 

Err,yinccr Hriirtrlion, I.sr Rr-i,yorle. #[/I Ir~fii~ifry Dit'isior~ 

fM~cho~ii;~d), For! H~xxl, T,.A-ir.s. Hr~~~r~~~~iorisl~ .si~r~c~i/cr.~plrrro~rn 

I 

ii,oi/ri: o.s.vi.sf~mr S.3 plcrns, nnrl cornporiy XO iri rhc~ 9th E1igincr1- 

Barfuliori. 1st Ir~firrrfr.\. Di1:isicrri (Mechorit~d), Sch~~einfiir!. 

Gerniuii,: A ,~~-(iclrior~ r!f rlrp Err,qiricrr Cripfrriri is Grrrer- Corir-.vc. 

CAS3. tirid Arl~rrhrrrr \4krr:fiirc> School. CPT Jirrl.sorr ho1d.c o 

hrrch~l~~r-?,fr~~m flie Ui~i\~er,.cifj of Mtiiri? mvl is ~tvrkbig !,,I rr 

riiuster :c in hi~.sirre.rs ohirirrixrrnrioii iir Ri,gi.r Utiil.efiir?. 

Mizjor-Mur-oski., rhr e.tci.uri1.c nfl7ccr:~~r.rlr~2YYflz E~r,yi~rc'~r 

B~trt(iliorr, 1.sr Bri,qc~(le, 4117 Ii~firjir~:~ Ili~;.siort (Mcc/i~irii:c~c/j, Fort 

Ho~xl, li~lis. Ht,ilri.viowh sen,<,dns nscismrrr hri,qnrlc,eor:.iri~*~~r: 

ri((jrir~rrrr, [IIII/ ro~i?lrii!tx coiiititcrri(lc,r iri rlri, 6.irli Er?,yiriwr 

Biiti<t/ioii, 25il1 Jr~fi~lir~? Diri.si(in 11.). hfAJ ~\f~~ro.ski i.5 (1 ,~rr!(Iii~irc~ 

~!f rh~ Eii8irir~1 qfficer Ad~*rmced Curirvr: Corrrrrirrrrd rirr(/ 

Gi~rrcrril Stuff C~,llcpp; Rorlgcr- Sr-hooi: coal S<I/?~WI; Air/~orrri,. 

irriii Air As.sirirlr Schoolv. Hc, hol(1.v o b(lc/re/r~l-:r in ,qc!rlfr~!.,fi)ni 

Sr, hfirr:~ :s Urti~r~i:sify nrrd (r niosr(,i-S irr ,y~o(Ic,.sy jvrri Piird~lr 

Lliiii~er~ih: 

Li~rrferiarif C'i~lorrel Ijrrlr? cr~rnmonds rlie 299rh E!r,qiricer 

8afruIi1~1i. 1,sf Brig(i<Ic. 4r/r lr?fiirrf~y Divi.~io~? fMi~cl~i~~ii~

F(J~-f Hrroil. 7i,.ros. Hi, ~)ru~~~ioi~.siy li,(r,s [in iissisra!it S3 ~rrrd 

cornl'un,' cor~irn~rrilc~r: l.irli E!tgiriepr. Roircrlio~i, Yrh Ir!fnrrrr-\. 

Ui~>i.siorr (Morori:r(lj; iiri(l lhcrrrnlir?it r,.upcuti~~e officer; 62d 

Err~irieer Bnrraiiorr (Crrrrihrtr Hooly). LTC Re[/<,? i.s (I ~r~i~li~

O/r/ir Eii~i~~~c'r Ofje Ai11'nric~ud COI:'Y till(! Co~iirrmrid nrirl 

Grri~rlil Sta{j"Coiirge rrrirl /rol(/,s o hrrchelor :s irt coitsrrrrcri,ni 

~~rr,~irt~~i~~-i~1,yfioi7i Mo~ir(r!i(r Srirrc Uiii~~,r.virx iirrd (1 r?in.srrv 1s iri 

con.vrrut.rioii ri~oil~r,qrniPnt.f,-orii Cc~lornd~~ Srnle Lrrri~:rr.sir\: 

I 

Hsadquslten 

section 

10.12 

Malnlanenc~Plat00n 

1.1.9597 

Support Platoon 

10.3455 

I 

I 

Foo~-S~N~CB section 

0-0-12-17 

8 eiClOP4 B 1F10 r4 4-31 lo 88~~0 !. 7) 

I*??) 

I 9ZAm 02 1 9ZG10 1 i'R0 

1 824- 1 92CJO 1 77WO 

1+11 2 9x20 p1) I iYi2OB"angLMOS) 

I 

~aadquerters 

ssction 

1-19-11 

1 9ZAOO 021+11 6 62S2DYOI 3 83&40 I blBdO(+lJ t 63HJO 

1 WAOO WO? 9 62B3Dlfbl 3 63bDn 1 63WO MOB 1 63520 

1 63810 3 44BlO 3 63it20M06 t 62010 t 6351B 

2 82&:01+11 3 @?a70 6 BJh7IO MOP 1 12010 1 53870 

6 92A101.31 6 =*TO 3 69Y10 l mBI0 3 6JhCO 

ItSi 3 63WIO 5 6311101+3) 165810 3 6JHiO 

3 WY$O 1-1 1 65110 l+lOi 

3 enflm1.3, hll 

6 63470'6) 

B WhnacBI 

i* 211 

farward mgineer Repar Sections 

0-048 

Combat Rsprir 

Teams 

00-21-21 

HHC Cmbal 

R~pdrTalrnr 

0.0-7-7 

Service md 

~~cousvsecllon 

0-0-10-10 
The Engineer Scout Platoon: 

A Necessity 

Bj Fix?: Liei~:eriurit .locon Dcrr:/fr. nrld Crrptai,~ Anr.017 Rci.~irr,qer- 

"...three wren behirid the ertemy are worth nmre than 50 irt frortr of it." 

- Frederick the Great 

Eighteeftrh-cerrtrrry Prussian king and n~ilitnry gertirrs 

I t !%,as 7 Fcbruary 2000, arid the entire 299th Engineer (ACES) per company. our reliance on situational obstacles has 

Battalion was dcployinf to the vabt wilderiiess of Fort increased. W-ith Force XXI enablers, we are a much more agile 

Hood. Texas, to begin the ttain-up for National Training force. Therefore. we require agile and dynamic obstacles 

Center (NTC) Rotation 00- 10 in August. All line and assault- throughout the widtll and depth of thebattlespace. The engineer 

and-obstacle platoons prepared for cornb;it-engineermissions scout platoon pro\.ides the Force XXI brigade the ability to 

such 3s task-force breaches. minefield emplacements. and shape enemy maneuver deep wit11 the effective ;~nd limely 

demolitions under the task organization of two task forces. employment of sittiational obstacles such as the Modular Pack 

Flowever, uliile five of the line platoons deployed to the field Mine System (MOPMS). the Hornet, the air- and groundto operate as con\'entional engineers. one platoon began :\ delivered Volcanos. and the aerial denial aitillery nmnitionl 

differentjou~ney-I st Platoon. Char-lie Company. deployed as remote antiarmor mine (ADAMIRAAhf). We no loriger can 

an engineer scout platoon. depend on fixed conventional minefields to support a force 

~h~ requirement for engineer scouts is well docunlented. that relies on its ability to reposition and mass at the critical 

Forexample. the SidewinderTeam Situation Report in the July point on the battlefield. 

1998 issue of D7,yiri~er reported that. historically, brigade- Theengincel-scour platoorl also servesasa mobility enabler 

directed reconnaissance-and-sorveillance (R&S) plans arc to the Force XXI brigade. E~~~~ obstacle intelligence is even 

centered around locating enemy combat power while looking more critical to the force than before. The loss of 30 percent of 

passively at enemy countermobility efforts. the engineer battalion's breaching assets frorn Force XXI 

The engineer scout platoon is acritical enabler to t1teForce redesign and the addition of the digital enablers to the force 

XXI bri~ade. As the force structure ofthe Force XXIengineer make us extremely relianr on accurate and timely obstacle 

battalion has decreased, information requirements have intelligence. We do not have the engineer force required lo 

increased. This platoon provides the brigade commander an sustain multiple hreaclles through the enemy's main defense. 

additional set of eyes that focus on the mobility and This platoon provides the brigade with the expert ability to 

countennobility aspects of the deep fight. As the Force XXI conduct deep route and enemy-obstacle reconnaissance. The 

engineer butalion has decreased from three to t\vo squads per platoon searches out and finds cither the bypass or the 

platoon and from seven to fourM9 armored cornbat ennlimovers weakness in the enemy's defense and reports immediately to 
the entire brigade through our digital capabilities. This 

intelligcncc greatly incl-eases the agility of the brigade and 

lessens our reli:~nce on I1az;trdous breaching operations. 

The engineer scout platoon pl-o\zides flexibility to the brigade 

insomuch as it can be task-organized in a myriad of ways. For 

ez~mple. itcan be attached to the brigade reconnaissance troop 

(BRT) or4epending 011 the situatioo-to an individual task 

force. A well-integrated and -trained engineer scout platoon is 

required to consistently execute the hrigadc's deep niobility 

:~nd countcrmobility iight. The platoons must be integrdted 

with the BRT for all training and deployments. An organi7ed 

engineer scorrt platoun, outfitted with the appropriate 

equipmcnl and personnel. is necessary to develop the 

relationship with the BRT froni the beginning. Thc BRT must 

collcentratc on enemy cotnbat power while tlie engineer scout 

platoon executes the deep nobility and countermobility tasks 

for the b~igatle. The c~iticel battle tasks of thc platoon are as 

follows: 

Execurelsupport situational-obstacle ernplacemelit 

Conduct enginccr reconnaissance (route :tnd enemyobstacle). 

Conduct a covert bre:ich 

Integration With the BR'I 

D uring the 299th Engineer Battalion's last experience 

with the engineer scol~t platoon, we did not fully 

integrate the platoon with the BRT. The shortfalls that 

o~curri.d becauseof this led to emphasis on carly and coii~plete 

ilitcgration between the two elements. Specific examples of 

prohle~iis that occurred included battlespace-tnanagen~ent 

conflicts that almost caused fratricide. Ener~ly triggers folsituational obstacles were also difficul! to accomplish because 

the platoon provided its own eyes fonvard. To remotely activate 

a Hornet munilio~l. 36 minutes must expire betweentl~e time a 

soldier sends a code on the M7 I Remote-Control Unit (RCU) 

and the time the mine is armed. This time standard was not mct 

at times bccausc the teamdid not identify the eneniy movement 

soon enough. Bccausc of these lessons, the leadership 

committed to estahli\hing a hahitual training relationship 

between the platoon and the BRll 

Since all of the soldiers in the engineer sc~iut platoon were 

militar), occupational speci;~lty (MOS)12B engineers and had 

never participated in scout operations, the train-up for the NTC 

had to begin from step one. We notonly had tocreate a working 

tactical standing operating plriceduw (TACSOP) for our NTC 

rotation nnd beyond but also integrate into the daily operations 

of the RRT. tactically and socially. The BUT is an aggressive 

and close-knit cavalry scout (MOS I OD) organization that had 

never operated withanenginecrunit attaclled to it for training. 

Wc had to prove that we could perform our engineer missions 

competently without compmmising the BRT orounelves while 

operating close toor bcliind enemy lines. In a matter of months, 

our platoon had to transform froni a mobility-focused 

~nechanized line platoon to an M998 high-mobility 

multipurpose, \uheeled veh~cle (HMMWV)-mounted ccout 

platoon capable ol'covert operations. 

The train-up hcgan by conducting fire-suppo~training with 

the Striker platoon :u~d scout operations with the two scout 

platoons. We began and tinishcd our train-up with 19 soldiers 

plus a medic. 3 HMMWVs. and an M923 5-ton cargo truck. 

T%o weeks of platoon- and BRT-level training opened oureyes 

to tlie scout world. Before we could begin to execute our 

engineer missions. we had to learn scout tactics sucl~ as 

establishing obse~vation posts KIPS): pel-forniing niounted and 

dismuuntcd tactical night movements: and conducting actions 

on contact. tactical resupply. and casualty evacuation forward 

olthe forward lineofown troops (FLOT). These skills laid the 

foundation for how we would perform our engineer-specific 

missionc. Once we felt comfortable operating as scouts, we 

began to intcgnlte 0111-engineer missions into the o\,erall BRT 

niissions. 

The n~issions started oflsimple but became inore colnplex 

as our abilities and knowledge increased. Our first missions 

wet-e for-mounted squads to set up a single MOPMS. cstablirh 

an OP. emplace Hornct mines in 5-lo-10-munition clusters or 

gauntlets. and set up ovcrwatcli. Once we understood I~ow to 

emplace both mine systcrnswhile mounted, we began tooperate 

with dismounted teams. We discovered that carrying five 

IIornets with a three-man dismounted team was the cflective 

limit. When one soldier carricd the team's Single-Channel, 

Gmund-to-AirR1dio System (SINCGARS), the M7 I RCU. and 

onc Hornet ;~nd the othet- soldiers carricd two Hornets (at 35 

poi111ds cach) and their personal equip~nent, the eight heccune 

:I limiting Factor. We had to find a balance between setting up 

~III erfective obstncle and maintaining our ability to move 

tactically behind the enemy. When a squad (1u.o 1e:tms) operated 

with the. HMMWV. we could carry up to 10 Hornets and a 

.MOPMS or 2 MOPMSs without the Hornets. 

Because of the atnount of equipment we were required to 

carry, the operational load plan changed daily. Howevcl: by the. 

end of the train-op, we established the load plan and 

inco~porated it intoourTACSOP.The key was proper utilization 

oi our 5-ton truck. Although this truck was not used as an 

infiltration vehicle, it proved to be a great asset for maileuvering 

equipment loads back and forth based on a thorough mission 

analysis. After a mission. we would recorlsolidatc at a BUT 

assembly area. Upon receiving tlte next order, we could switcll 

equipment and place all the excess on the truck. 

Alter effectively training on ourcountcr~uobility mission of 

e~nplacing situational obst;~cles. we trained (in our mobility 

mission of reconnoitering complex obstacle belts with enemy 

overwatch. We set up lanes with one team building an obstacle 

and set up an overwatch position wit11 another teanl performing 

route reconnaissance and attempting to conduct a covert bl-each 

on the obstacle. The teams were tzlsked to identify all 

intelligence recluirements ant1 then wait for permission from 

higher headqoariers before breaching, thus duplicating the 

PI-ocess during actual operations. Often. the tram simply marked 

the proposed breach site and called in eigl~t-digit grids. Since 
FM 90- 13- I. C~~~thi~r~d-Arii~.). RI.~IIC/I~IIS Ol)e)~ii~rrs. descrihes 

covert breaching hy a silu;~il orpl;ftooti. we had to de\,elop an Engineer Scout Platoon 

SOP for-a three-man hreach. (as organized for NTC Rotation 00-10) I 

AStcr coriducling \vccks of cr)vert-hrc:fch 11-aining, we 

discovered that it corild he ii~hercntly dangerous yet rcwar-ding. 

111 a covclt breach. tlicre is 110 suppressive fire. Tlic three-man 

team \vo~-ks indcpcndelrtly. so stealth i\ the team's only .;ccul.ity. 

\bk inssinned IU'O Lean15 to an indivitlir;~l blracl~ location so that 

one lean1 could o~enwatcli the hicach activities of the second 

tc;im :aid provide biickup in c:fsc of ca.;o;fities. This allowed tlie 

priniary teain to Socub or1 brc:rching anrl mlrking the ohstncle 

quickly ifiideH'ectivcly.nr ovewash tram would alenthe hmli 

team of enemy compromise at liiglfr lhy ~ignali~fg witli an inllnred 

flash from their niglit-\:ision goggles. The last niemhcr of thc 

hreach team \vould sc;~n his war sector witli gogsles cvciy 10 to 

20 secol~ds to aciluilr ihr set signal. After i'cceiving tliis mes:igc. 

the hrcacli tea111 riio\.ed oft' tlic ~~bst;slc and recnnwlidntcd at a 

pretlesign,ilcd rally point au:ay lirliii the o\e~.\\:;itch tca111. Once 

thc hre;slf tcaiii succe.;sfuIly broke contact mfd arrived st the 

1.~11~ poinl. :I decision 1h:fsed rrn tlic enemy hitustion wifs made :IS 

to wlicrr the two tcifms would link up. 

The elid state of conducting ohstocle rccor~naissancc and 

co\ett-breach tlxinins w;is that our iii;~in f(,cus needed to rcni:fin 

no providing an accul-ate cnc~iiy-oh\taclc picture to the 

riianeu\,cr-bride and enzinccr-battali011 oonim;uidel-. The 

ability to execute a ccrvert hreach ur;is tlefinitely ;in asset hut 

rcm;~iiicd secoifd;iry to tlie primary inisxion. Most oftlie ti~nc. 

we provided s~rggested poi~lts ol'penetralin~i (eight-digit grids) 

based on our reading oftlie ohstacle imd enemy co~tihnt power. 

We could then ci~riilucr dismr~unted rnarieuver past the enemy 

nfincfield and eniplace ituatiotlnl obstacles to disrupt tlie 

repositioning (>I'enemy Sorces alonf key a\.eriucs ofapjvo;~ch. 

Early in tlfc tl-ai~i-up of the engineer sco~it plat<~on. we 

experimented with scout-team organiz;~tion todetermine wliat 

u:ould provide thenlost flexibility inemplncii~gefl'ecti\~esliapinp 

ohst;~clcs. During our early mission. we only split into thlre 

teami. Howevcr. ;IS the c:~pahilitics of our platoon increased 

itlid 0111. s~>ecialists i~tid SC~~CIIII~S bec;f~iie iiiore conlidcrit. we 

transitioned in ;I six-tcarn organization. (Scc Figure I: cacli hnx 

reprecents :l teaill. J This nllowed fill- tlircc filoufitcd :tnd three 

disinountcd OPs cclnsistir~g of two t, tlfrcc soldicrscacli. With 

a total of3 MOPMS. 20 Hornets. and h antit'inh \{:e:fpolis at outdislx~sa" each tlca~ff uns capeble of disrupting 3 to 4 uncked 

\,cliiclcs. Addiliorfally. the soldiers ill ohstnclc overw;ftch were 

able to call liv fi~r ;!MI, thclelore. u:ere ahle todisnfpt n comp;fny 

of tracked \,ehiclcs at any one of our six locations on tlie 

b:~ttlcficld. On two occ;isionr during the train-up. we urcre nhle 

a disrupt and (le\tmy tlic entire combined-iirms Ipscrve. \Ve 

h;id now established thitf Llie optitnal dihrtipt i~bstilcle could he 

1 218 1 12830 ~2) 

1 12WO 1 12810 tx21 

1 12820 4 12810 irZl 

3 12810 

1 91810 

tc,rn H,j $e?:,>-' 

Figure 1 

The Optimal Scenario 

c discovered that si~u:ltionol obstncJcs, along u,itli 

indirect fire and antitank weitpons. col~ltl create an W exucrnely eSfcctive engagemerit area. In theoptimal 

couliterinohility scenario. we would estahlisli thc engagement 

al-e;~ iu n choke point thi~t restricted cnsiny-vehicle rnovcrnerft 

to columns. For each identified targeted ;trc:f of iiiterc>t (T41)I 

engagement ;fi.ea. tlic BRT uould ert;fhlish a niftued area of 

i~itere\l (NAI) that supported the siti~;fti<)nal-ohstircle triggcn 

Tlic BRT teani position w;ir usually 5 10 I0 kilometers in front 

of our engineer OP, providing tlie 1-equirctl early u,:iming 

(, .~c~ountirif . . ihr- the 36-minute refnote nrmii~g tirnc on rlie 

Horiiet). Upon ide~itil'ication ofencni!, vehicles ill tlie NAI. tlie 

overwatching BRT leader wr~ulil sctld in reports tlirougli the 

BRT rzidio net, which the leader ofthe enpi~ieer scout pl;ttoon 

ufloold monitor. If the enemy spot report inet the established 

trigger. the platoon leader would alert tlie engineer tcam 

ohservin~ the ;issociated TAI and reqoeql obstacleemplacement nppro~jal fro111 tlie brig;fde tistic;rl-opcrnti~~ris 

cciitcr!TOCi. 

Once approved. tlie pl;anorr leadcr would direct the engineer 

heout teatii lo deploy the minelicld. As tlic lcild eneiliy vehicle 

usas destroyed by the Hornet or MOPMS strike. tllc engineer 

scouts would firc ;1ntitanh-4s/Vipcrs at the 1i1st \;ehiclc ill the 

cr~lumn. With tlic coluinri halted, the engineer scouts would 

call indil-ect fireon the preset targct refcrc~fce points to destl-uy 

the remainder of tlie enemy vehicles. Any other \.eliicles that 

nuempied to hypnss the destroyed \:chicle wor~ltl bc hit witli 

the rcrn;iininc Hornets atid MOPMSs. 

achieved hy a dismouiited tcam placing five Hornets or one 

MOPMS at a clioke poilit lieti in with il~dir-cct fires. Our task Aftercompleting a cou~i~cnii~~hility rnissinn. the te;fms \vould 

mairlrain their OPs n~id continue to call in enemy \itustion 01-g;~ni/ation iind employment methods rii;alc tlie engineer scoot 

reports. If ;I Hornct or MOPMS was nor deployed. recycle platr~on a lruc cn;fblcr 11) the hrigade fight. liot only increasing ;ipproval u:ould he requested tlin)~rgIi the brigade until the iiirellige~icc collectir~n and situatioifal ;Iwarencsh hut also 

h;fttery life or the inunition expircil. Figure 2, page 32. slio~vi providirig n nrews ~II ;~ffccct tlie eriemy's decision c!'cle. 

tlie reporting cl~nnnels. 
. Diagram of Reporting Channels 

. . . - . 

1 

FBCBZFM I I 

~ ..-, 

~ 

A 

i 

, 

- , . p , i,:;+r - 

Figure 2 

Integrating Into the Brigade R&S Plan 

W hile we grappled with mastering OLI~ basic skills. 

the engineer pl:~ns learn developed mclhods for 

integrating 11s into the brigade fight. During the 

nirlitnr) ilccision-making proce\s, the :~ssistnnt brigade engineer 

(ABE) scction worked directly with the Ihriyodc platis team to 

create and assign oirr niissions. Thc ABE section consisted of 

a captain and a First lieutenant. Thc ABE concelitlated on the 

tcrrain analysis and cnemy-engineer analysis to support the 

engineer-scout planning and interation during the war-gaming 

process. The deputy ABE worked closely with the RbS and 

fire-support IFS) planner? ~II integrate lllr enpi~lecr scouts into 

the R&S and FS annexes. The deputy ABE worked the details 

of s;lfety/dnn~cr zones, prio!.ity-of-infol-n~rltio11 requirements 

I Engineer Sections in the Defense I 

(PIR). tri~gers. OP and target locations, fire planning to support 

situational obstacles, and the I-eporting and tracking process. 

A tiiorrrugh engineer-scout intelligence pl'eparation of the 

baulcfieltl (IPR). asdid \~,orkingrelationsltip withill the brigade 

planlting cell. and a hrigade commander that supported the 

enginser-scout concept led us to effectively integrate thc 

engineel-scout pl;ltoon into tlic hl-ieade fight. We used 21 hasic 

approach for developing missio~ls for the platoon. During 

ciefensive niissions. WE co~i~e~i~rated (in meeting thc intent of' 

the bl-ipde commander's deep iight (see Figure 3). Based on 

thorough terrain analysi\ and understanding how the cnemy 

would fight. \Ire itssigned hrigade-directed silualionalohstacles 

to divupt enemy maneuver deep. The sitoational obstacles. 

coupled with an cl'l'ective indirect-fire plan. proved a deadly 

deep shaper. During the \u;lr-game process. we focused on 

either taking an enemy coursc 01' action away. disrupting an 

enemy element long enough to muse him to piecemeal his 

attack, or rtiitifating risk by employing thc engineer scouts at a 

location where the brigade cotn~nander was taking n maneuver 

risk. 

The keys to defensive planning fi)r the engineer scouts 

were8 Analyzing the ten.;rin (pinpointing the best location tr, attack 

rniineit\~er and conducting timeiilistnncc analyses). 

8 Estahlishingan effective surveillance plan (identifying the 

eqed NAIs Rs ad triggers). 

8 Integlxrinp thc engineer scout plan with the RXrS and FS 

A plans. 

8 Briefing the hrisade situational-ohstacle plan at the brigade 

operations-order briefing. 

8 Reporting via FM ladins and thcForce XXI RattleComn~mtl 

Brigade and Bclow (FHCB2) System Figure 3 
depth. mine types, and obstacle orient;~tion a11d co~ifig~~.i~tion. Lessons Learned 

This inforniation was critical in determining exactly how to 0 verall. thc 6-month train-up was an essential element attack tlie oh.;ti~cle-eitliel- with iiiechanical, explosive, or to duveloping the TACSOP for operations at tlie nianual means-or hypass it. NTC and futore comhat opcratio~is. Bcc>iuse of tlie 

We 31so used Lhe en$i~i~cr sco11ts to condt~ct reco~inais- l;,h ofi]octrille on engineer.scout ol,crations, eacll sllould 

cnttce olrornes. fording sites. and natural obstitcles fon\:ard of e,peri,l,,,lt with developing, and tr;lining hefore 

the FLOT during the anilck. Normally, tlre hrigade had a follow- lo [he NTC, 

011 ~nission In establish a hitsty defcnsc after a successh~l attiick. An essc~itial upgrade that we did not have during the train- After the reconnaissalice tnicsion was co~iipletcd. we p1;inned up. but used at tlie NTC, \:as the .SO-caliber machine-gun for the engineer scouts to employ situ~ttional obstacle on the mounts on 0111- HMMWVs. This additiori to our vehicle load hri:ade's flank to protect against counterattack or to move increased oul-sul-vivability andallowed t~stn repel att:lcks from deep and plepare to etnploy air-delivered Vcilcano ur. ADAM/ 

enemy cuuntn~econnaiss:~~ice cffnns as wc traveled into secu~r. RAAM to disrupt counternttz~cks along high-speed avenues 

of appni;tcli. The 5-ton cargo truck wits another critical clc~neilt to our 

- 

Engineer Sections in the Offense A 

Engineer Scout TMt 

Engineer Scout TM2 

A 

succcss. We could car1.y our niission-essential equipment on Movement to cont;lct was approached in much tlre same 

our load-plan-challe~ige(l HMMWVs and place evcrythingclse way its the defmse. However, instead of using the cngineer on the truck. which was opel.aled hy the platoon serge;inl. scouts strictly to attack enemy maneuvcr. we also planned fur 

(lie scouts t(, go deep to prcpal-e sitllational ohstac]es that we An iinportant change that begati to take place toward the 

fight born, forces moving end of the tr;~in-up and into tlie NTC rotation was the use of 

Two inherent risks werc ;~ssociated 

with the mo\,ement to contact: survivability ofthe ail.-dcli\:ered Volcnnoand 

prevention of fratt-icide as friendly fo~.ces 

moved forward into the zone. To mitigate 

tlre air-delivered Volcano risk. we ensured 

that engineer scouts wele o~i the ground 

in the vicinity of the target location and in 

direct contact with the aircraft. Tlie 

engineer scouts verified the location of 

;my enemy forces to the pilots and helped 

verify ihe employ~irent of the Volcatio. The 

FBCB? System allowcd us to mitigate the 

fratricide risk. As rhe engineer scouts 

employed a scatterable-mine system. the 

obstacle was adtied to the graphics on the 

FBCB2 System'smapscreen. Inirncdiately. 

forward ill zone, ~l~~ engineer scouts ga\,e [lie brigade brigade aviation assets to ernplace engineer-scout-platoon 

plill,ners tool to disrupt enrmy long enougll to leanis. Once itviation ilssets hecanrc available on a res~lal- basis. 

all(,w friendly forces to gain terrain andwe used them to place teams al key terraiir features much faster 

support-hy-fire positions. and safer than hel'ore. This became our preferred method of 

Figure 4 every combat system in the zone had the 

Tile ability of the engineer .;slut platoon to attack eneiny obstacle on its map screen and knew the ohstisle's location. 

maneuver deep with either the Hornet. MOPMS. or ADAMI The engineel. scout platooll developed into a powerfill tool 

RAAM andlor tlie air-delivered Volcano paw the etipineer for brigade plans ~l~~ platoon was always a focus ofthe 

planners nun~crons effective options when plitnning the defense. bri,aade.s deep figlit. Tt allowed planners to trllly plan 

When the brigade went on the attack. we changedrhe focus throughout the width and depth of the hnttlcfield. The platoon 

of !lie engineel- .;tout platoon (see Figure 4). After the S2 and also grently enhanced oul-flexibility; we were ahle to plan for up 

tlie ABE tenrplated the enemy battle positions and obstacles. to six teilnrs, each with its own tarzet. Planning Ibr the platoon 

we proposed possible points of pcuetl-ation. These points depended on a thurough IPR process. An;tly7ing (he terrain. 

hec;~~irc talgets fc~r the etigineer scouts. Wc established NAls undentandingenemy c;tpabiliticsandordcrofhanle.anil knowing 

on the points ot'penrt~-ution and nssig~ied Lliern to the platoon. the cngineer-scout capabilities werc critical to the planning 

It was the responsibility of the engineer scouts to confirm or process. Rccaure we integrated the plittrxin 6 monthcin ild\.ance 

deny the planners' tcmplioe of tllc enemy obstacle belt. of OIII-NTC rntatioti. hnth tlie brig:tdc and mgineerplanners had 

Addirionally. the cngi~icer scouts were lo provide detailed aclein. underrtanding or tlie platorin's capabilities. 

i~lformation such as soil conditions. picket spacing. tank-ditch 
Proposed Engineer Scout Platoon Structure 

Engineer Scout Platoon 

1 -0-21 -22 

I 

I Section Equipment I 

I I 

Figure 5 

inertion and ;illo\vcd us. on occasion. to get dsep e~iougli to 

sabotegc Class IVN site? before the memy heg;in to set up hi\ 

obstacle\. This incthod inkertin: te:iltis also aas tlic bcsl 

t:~ctical \elution ill a cou~~~cr~iiobiliry mssion of shaping the 

deep biittle~ieltl. 

One ;~cIditioii that niiist be included in ill< scout \chicles is 

the FBCB2 Syhtcni. \Villi tlie SINCG.ARS. ue coulil not 

corn~iiunicate uhile 111i low ground or 20 kiloti~eterr from the 

cnzincer TOC. The ;~bility to instaiitancou~l~ soniiiiui~icatc 

rcconnai>sancs information to the brigade uhile located 

any\\ 11c1-c mi tlic battlefield would allow cngi~lesr planners lnolr 

time to pos\ihly clial~ge tlie cxisliiif pl;~n atid hreach another 

1oc;ltiun. It \\auld also ensure 100 percent ;iccurac!. of detailed 

intelligence from tlie kcout wit11 eye5 on the uhstncle to tlie 

ARE or brig:~de engineer. 

A~iott~rr iiiiprovetiient would he 11) ilicrcn\e the number ol 

HbIbl\VVh irnni three to tiiurwliilc iiiniiitaining tlie 5-ton truck. 

This wooltl allow cach operatioiliil scout hection to liavc a 

HMkIU?' and ;~lloa. the platoon leader to maintain the co~nmand 

post ~vithout deploying n squad ;ind losin_r co~i~municatic~~is 

with o~her te;ln~s. 

Although ue operated u.itli I0 \oldier\ plui a ~ncdic. tlie 

ideal tatk iIrgnniz;lrion require5 three nlorc wldicrs. Tlllt'e 

H!vlMW\ls witti six-man sections in each: another HMMWV 

with rhe platooii leader. driver. and a sunner: and tlie 5-tun 

truck with tliz platoo~~ serge;lilr. drivel-. and medic \r-ould bring 

tlie total nombei- liecessary to 110121122. \&'e believe this 

organization is ideal and provides tlie nio5t flexibility and 

redundancy uhile remaillins s~ilall eiioufh to operate covel-tly. 

Proposed Engineer-Scout Platoon Structure 

T Ile 299th Enzii~ecr Battalion ih ~non ficlding an 

engineer xout platoon as tleti~iled in Fi:orc 5. This 

22-soldicr platoon is ;I major enabler in the F~ircc XXI 

organ~ation proposal. Tlic hnttalioli liiis resourced t11c 

additional personnel from tlie newly authorized eight-man 

assault sections in cacli a5sault-aiidbstcle platoon. Each 

line company triinsferred equal equipment to the headc~uartsrs 

and lieadquastei-s cotlipany (HHC). including a H4124WV from 

cacli oi the line platoons. Wcapoiis. along nit11 ehseiitinl 

equipment. are under the control of tlie HHC cotiilnaiider and 

the scoi~t-plato~)~i lender. Thesc scout section, nun ha\e thc 

ahiliry to iupport a tak force opcratins independent of tlie 

brigade alongside its parent line company or consolidate 

alongsitle tlie BRT. 

Conclusion 

T lic most imponant aspect of crcatin~ an effecti\.e 

cr~giiieer \tout platoon is tlic tri~ining and trelatiol~q 

\\it11 ll~c briende aiidlor iiianeu\:er scoitts. T11c inst that 

we \ierc iiblt to Icarl~ the riglit \\:a). to opelxtc 2s scouts hefore 

we st;ored anything else helped 11s establish a wlid rel:~tion>liip 

with the BRT and build the correct inunclntio~i lo :sco~npli\l~ 

complcx missions. We struggled at times and shined dui-ins 

others. hut throi~ghout tlie entile pl-oms\. the BRT \\as our 

tileiitor. After 7 monlbs oi 1r;lininZ to~ether. \ye gathered :IS 

one team 2 weeks before lc;~\-int_ Tor the NTC ;tt tlie e~iiotiunal 

BRT dining in :ind earned tlic distinction of being tlie first 

eiigineers to add sappcr iligedients to the troop grog. That 

July oigllt tri~ly defined the l:~sting ;~nd truting relatio~iihip 

that had been built and a,;~s pi~otal to our joiiit succi.ss 31 tlie 

NTC. 

Engineer \tout team\ can hc incredible ahsets. \Vitli n 

inotlified table of organization iincl equil~nient propohin: to 

field 22 ,cotit pusitio~~s and continue to train engineer scout.\ 

~\'itli the BRT. the emergence of these teams in doctrine is 

certainly very close. From thih point. luol-e effonh fi-u~n otlier 

battalions iieed to be ntteml~ted to \,alidatc our concepts. The 

more that tlic armor and infantry c~~nin~uiiitics put c>es on 

w1i;it these teams c;oi accolnplish at tlie n~rijor trailling centersand possihly in cot~ihat-the ~I-GI~~I- the future of et~gineer 

scout? will hecoine. Y 
554th Engineer BattalionLooking for Outstanding Officer Platoon Trainers 

By Captain Kristy Wolfe 

The 554th Engineer Battalion at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, is seeking highly qualified first lieutenants and captains 

to serve as Engineer Officer Basic Course (EOBC) platoon trainers for 8 to 12 months, or at least two full 17-week 

cycles. We need quality officers to coach, mentor, and develop our junior leaders to ensure the continued success of 

our Regiment. We need officers who are dedicated to serving the Engineer Regiment and the United States Army. Our 

officer platoon trainers must be the best of the best. They must be tactically and technically proficient, have a sound 

understanding of Army doctrine, and care about the future leaders who will take forth our Regiment. A lieutenant's initial 

professional development depends highly on the officer platoon trainer. 

To emphasize the importance of the officer platoon trainer position, let me first explain their duties and responsibilities. 

Platoon trainers are responsible for 40 to 70 lieutenants; logistical and administrative support to facilitate training; 

coaching, mentoring, counseling, and teaching; planning and conducting soldierization training, to include basic rifle 

marksmanship (specifically range operations), physical training, and drill and ceremony; planning, conducting, and 

evaluating field and situational training exercises; evaluating lieutenants on their performance: and serving as subjectmatter experts in all facets of engineering, from bridging to combat engineering to construction. On any given day, 

officer platoon trainers may find themselves evaluating a student-taught physical-training session; answering questions 

about follow-on assignments; discussing the tenets of breaching; or planning an upcoming Sapper Stakes competitionall while managing a myriad of other tasks. The students respect the knowledge of the officer platoon trainer and use 

it to better prepare themselves as future platoon leaders. 

The ideal officer platoon trainer has served at least 12 months as a platoon leader and 6 months as a company 

executive officer and has some battalion-staff experience. In addition, we also need a mix of combat, combat-heavy. 

bridging, topographic, and light-fighter experience. The students, much like the platoon trainers, come from distinctly 

varied backgrounds, to include the U.S. Army Reserves, the Army National Guard, the Reserve Officer Training Corps, 

the Federal Officer Candidate School. orthe U.S. Military Academy. The conglomerate of students makes the job of a 

platoon trainer nothing short of interesting. Therefore, the experience brought by the officer platoon trainers needs to be 

as diverse as the lieutenants they are responsible for training. 

So why does it benefit you to volunteer to be an officer platoon trainer? First and foremost, you are shaping the 

future of the Engineer Regiment. The lieutenants you mentor and train are your future platoon leaders. You can 

personally impact the quality of officers in our Regiment. Secondly, you will be able to refine the skills you may have 

lost since the basiccourse. For instance, if you served in acombat mechanized battalion for 4 years, your construction 

skills may be lacking. By working with the basic-course students, you are able to redevelop those skills: which may be 

exactly what you need for your command. Finally, you get the opportunity to work with individuals from the U.S. Army 

Engineer School. Being at the home of the engineers, you can make some great contacts here that will benefit you 

during your command tenure. 

Please understand that if you volunteer to serve as a piatoon trainer, it will NOT be a PCS move to Fort Leonard 

Wood. You will still be under a PCS status to attend the Captain's Career Course, but your follow-on assignment will 

not be affected. 

As you can see, Engineer Officer Basic Course officer platoon trainers play a formidable role in the development of 

newly commissioned engineer lieutenants. Platoon trainers are extremely influential figures to second lieutenants as 

they begin their diverse careers in the Corps of Engineers. Platoon trainers develop and train these new officers. 

Whether they are active duty, National Guard, Reserve. or international officers, the 554th Engineer Battalion prides 

itself in developing the best lieutenants in the military. If you are interested in becoming a platoon trainer before 

attending the Captain's Career Course, please contact the battalion executive officer at (573) 596-0787 or DSN 676- 

0787. For more information on the 554th Engineer Battalion, go to its Web site at http://www wood.armymi1/554th/ 

554.htm. Y 

Captain Wolfe is the commanderofA Company, 554th EngineerBattalion, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. 
The Grizzly: A System of One 

By COIOIIPI Micline1 K A siiiiii, Lic~ntnfoiir Colnnel ~/~ror/(~l~i~ L,. Jeriiriri,qr JI:, nntl M'csl(,? I,. G'ln.s,qo~~ 

T hi, Gri;:iy, o rrificnl co~~il~l(~.r-ohsto~ie hreoci~irig improvcd much is the stilltifyi~ig effects of the properly 

sy.sl<,rlrji~r the t~r.er~r~:fir-.sf c.erifiril: is iicoriii,q I~P riiil ernplaced minefield on mechanized inaneuven Complicate 

of ir,s (le~~v~lo/)nienmI !)ll<isc i~i rhr orqiririiiori c?<-/p iiii~iefields with other obstacles-such as wireentanglements. 

(riifl ri.i~iniiis 11f ri.skfiircontintitiiion diir fofio~di~fg priorities. antitank ditches, natural and deviou man-made devices-in 

Tl~~~y~te~~i~~ro~~~iri~~rt~ hrcoi~ie one qfrheAi?iry:si~in,sr i~r~:?nrile the right place. and even the most powerrul tank will hare its 

tir~d irnl,ortanl combor-.s~il~/~orf vr1iiclr.s to 111~ II~(IIIPUVP~ bgreate~t asset-fnobility-slowed or reduced to a standstill. 

c~~,irmrrnrlrr: Tlfe GI-i.-:iy:r reihi?oln,yy olv~ 110s rlre /n,rcnrii~l Tllese colllbinations of obstacles, 

to rnl~o~rce,/iif~r,.e Ohjertii'i, For-rc, crlr~il,~nenr IIPI~~I,~II(~I~CC. Ir L.CnlnP~CX are deliberately designed to force 

is tlir oil/? sysftziii directly ~iPsigncdti~fiicilirore rlfi. r(i/?idriiid bypass or devote time, persollllel, and 

i1ec.isii.c mol~cnicrii if 1r111ihiir fi,rces fhr-o~rgh c~:oi the rrz~sf equiplnel,t to defeating ~~~~

on scope alld 

(.OIIIP/P.~ ~ii,yiiii,ei-iiig oh.sfur.1e.r. Tllc sysf~m is i.i~cil to U.S. location of [he and [hey are defended. 

fi1rr6.s hccrrirsc rn/~irlly e~nl~lir(:~~rlcoriil~li.~ ob.sfnc1e.s [ire ri 1011.- enelny hopes to force high on the assault row,. or 

~,o.sf iri~o~i,s--n~~dpr~-lfr~~is tl~e inosf r:f<,r.tii.r in(~r~hoiii.srii-1ite ,verse, colnpletely defeat tile breach attempt. or [be iJneriry roit enil~l(~y to sliripe fh~ I~~inl~~ielrl aiidfi-list!-ole U.S. could he a means; only nlems, for the ellem!, to 

olx'r(rrioitu1 o1~jrctil.e~. Skillfir1 rn~ploy~ririir riffhrse oh.sfurl(~.s buy ti,llc-to retreat, to reinforce, to coulltemttack elsewhere, 

crm rrnw rhcj c:fi?criv(,n(,.i.s 1~fmi1iioi1.r dol101-s i~ii~e.sred inor eve ll SOW fru5tration imp;ltiencc in the mind of the 

wirlning ?the O!firiiiiiiioti a.or- unrl iiiij~edi~i,q rhr key US. hnttle America,l public, nhjc,cri~v rif dorninant rnarteuver Fnr~niO(fhle nbsfncle.~ or flir 

rigiit riine o~id 1,lnr.c c(in sevc~relv l~trni/>rr . frirnrllr-fo,-ce The Bvoass Decision . . . . . i11omriirui71, orirl fhcir rerlaction-usin,? t11c c~irr(>iii .suite of 0 bstaclc complexes are serious impediments to 

brerichiii,y r,qtiil~rnenr rlirr-in8 birtrle-ultimntriy riii,ii,t.s lo.si maneuver The Army's approach to obstacles is to 

tivie (in</ IIPLIV~ c~~si~(iIfi~.s. Tl)</ii?.( hreochiifg cul)obiiii,; bypass thew or, if that is not possible, to conduct ;I 

wifhoiir ihc Grizzly, is on/? mur~irinll~ iiilec!~rcife~ ,/or con- breech support either a hasty or ;tttack, Eithel. 

ritrctii?,y (lelibcrofe or ho.sy aftrrcks onil (.iir~nor biz exrc~r~ed of ,,reach cornillon seauence Each , . n.irhour lo sin^ fhr mr~ri~oif~rin needell io .sti~~porf.fift~rre hemy begins a near.total cessation in &menturn as the 

or ~ncditrm-hi-i,yflil? operiifions, Tlie Gi-i;:Iy, ho~~.erer: hi1.s discovers the ohstacle when tllc lead elernent 

.sriilieil ei~neii, ~iii~bilify, I potion Iiil riiill e,lcoullters a Tllc next is to m;,rshal intelligence 

ir ro he ail iiitrgt-iil purt i~f'tl~e ro~nbnr rcimt. pre.s~rl,iiig tllc~ the defenses and scope of the obstacle and assell,ble r~iiiiiilei ribili I rsri mi niiic~vr (he right equipmelll and trained elements to cope o/~tioi~sfo~'rhr Lepoi.?, irhi, 1nfe1-ii~i, or rhr Ohjectil:~ FOITP. it, may he ready at ..one terrain feature 

b:sk." or perhaps days, even weeks away irom ready use. 

Ch:unces are that thc commander's proximate combat units are 

D espitc thc dramatic successes of Field Marshals nor frilly up to tile task fclr the larger obstacles faced, so llc 

Rommel and Zhukov; Gclleral Pallon, and others in Inus[ call on trained engineer soldiers to gct thc taskdone. If he 

the empko!,ment of armored forces World War 11, is lucky, these soldiers al-e ready at halid with the lizht - eaoi~ment .. I.S. Army officials in a postwar ;Issessment observed one to ci,n&,ct brcac,l and not the molllentliln of att;lck, 

glaring weakness in the use of these forces wlicn they if n,t, or if [he colnplex obstacle is too extensive, task 

commented. "In the end.. . an armoredforce that encountered a devul,,es into a Inore difficult breaching ~~~~

minefield usually hadtoattackatthepaceofacrawlingsoldier." of (lie thrust is stalled, alld task 

Although Iiugc strides have been made iii the cffectivcncss organization is litel.;tlly moving 211 or less than tlie "crawlingof a1.11rored warfare sincc World War 11, one area that has not soldier" nnalogy--often bec:iusc cxposed soldiers are ;~ctually 
I "The maneuver force still has a valid requirement for I 

(the) Grizzly, especially the Counterattack Force." 

-Mechanized Force Modernization Plan 

cranling tlirough the obstaclc carrying cxploiives or probing 

for mines with a bayonet to create a lane. 

4 breach in support of a deliherrite attach is one ofthe hardest 

and ~iiost complicated tactical operation5 a comnvander faces 

because of the difficulty in successfi~lly cynclironizing and 

protecti~ip the unique assets needed to cxecute the breach. The 

resources required are also costly to the niat~euvcr commander in 

teniis ofcotlibat power For example. an annor battalion employing 

the Batt:ilion Countem~ine Set (BCS) of special plo\vs and rollers 

requires that -30 percent of its comhat asset\ be directly dedic~itcd 

to the task in ;ldditioii to the engineer breaching abets needed to 

clear two limes successfuIIy. Much 111ore is needed to suppress 

enemy fire or seal off the area so tllc operation can proceed. 

Historical Obstacles 

B reaching ohstaclcs to support deliberate attacks is 

nothing neu:. 11 has nlways been the bane of maneuver. Without fl-eedom to ri~;lneu\-er. the course oT 

tlic c~ilnpaign oreven the entire uwllrcan bc decirively iinpacted. 

One doesn't need to go fdrto observe the historical sipnificance 

of obstacles and fortifications. Medievi~l fortresces often 

frustc~ted campaigns of warrior kings when no means was 

available to defeat them. Robert E. Lee's Amiy of Northern 

Viginia arguably extended the American Civil \'Air 2 ye;lrs wit11 

the tenacious use of simple ficld obstacles. Kaiser Wilhelm I1 

expended the tlou.erof his army in the futile attempt at battering 

through the Verdun fortified zone in World War I. The 

significance of the French Maginot line was not lost on the 

Germans in 1940. IJnfortunately. the line didn't extend into 

Belpiurn so the Germans siniply bypassed it. Would Romniel 

have stoppedat El Ala~nein and waited for the ine\'itable British 

buildup. or could lie have pushed lo Suer if a ready nieans to 

pierce tlie obstacles without losing momeiitutii had beeti at 

hand? Might the greatest tank battle ever fougl~t-Kurskhave turtied out differently if the German Army Group South 

could have rapidly and decisively del~lt with Zhukov's Russian 

obstacle belts'? Even the prospect of high caualties in defeating 

Saddam Hussein's obstacle belts on the Kuwait frontier in tlie 

Persian Gulf War pave pause and caused allied leaders to shift 

lasge forces far to the west. Obstacles ha~e had and continue 

to have a profound effect on tactical and eve11 st~ategic 

operations. 

Does the situation improve with the recent de\.elopment of 

a lighter-force concept? Unfol-tunately. no! The lighter. 

enhanced mobility iystelns will still be stopped dead by complex 

obstacles that will still have to he dealt with by the cra\vlingsoldier approach. The 11romise of greater speed and agility of 

US. fotres ininically means a likely aduersary a,ill employ more 

obstaclcs with greater sophistication to remove the U.S. speed 

and knouledge advantages. 

Fortu~tately, thc situati~~n is not hopeless. 4 rysrem is brine 

developed today \\.it11 thc promise to hreacli even the [nost 

complex obstacles \vithnut losing inon~c~itum-thu Grizzly 

Combat Obstacle Brcacliin: System. The Grizzly is a vital 

elrnient to the coilihat fotre. As stated in the Mechanized Force 

Moderization Plan. "The maneuvcr force still has a valid 

requirement for (the1 Grizzly, especially the Counterattack 

Force." Howcver. at the drafting of this article. its futi~lc re~iiains 

unclear bec;iuse offiinding priorities. lithe Grizrly program is 

funded this year. and the program is alloi~ed to continue, its 

employment promises thr~tlie lethal and agile mechanircd fo~re 

of today's and tomorrow's Army call propress beyond tlie 

crawling soldier and fully exploit doininanr maneuver. Thc 

technological advances included in tlie Gri7zIy design may also 

have application in systems being developed in the Arniy's 

Tra~isforniation. 

The Grizzly promises the versatility and capability to finally 

permit the dismounted soldier or sapper to shrath his antimine 

bayonet. It allo\i's the armored force to counter the delay tactics 

of the enemy commander and tiiultiplies tlie effects of our 

impe~~di~~g re\.olution in dipitization and situational a\vareness. 

The system is ahsolurely essential in permitting the Artily to 

accomplish its operational objectives. 

Capabilities and Mission 

T he tilizzly (shownin the photoon pdge 38) isspfcificaliy 

designed to breach simple and complex obstaclcs 

without losing momentum. 3 capability siniply nonexi\tent in any single vehicle today. The \,chicle incorporates 

botli countermine and counterobstacle capabilities into a single 

survivable system thar. in a single pass. creates a full-width 

assault "lane" that is inunediately trafficable by the entire 

maneuver force. 

The Grizzly defeats a wide range of obstacles. to include 

natural obstacles (stre;ims. dry gaps. rocksiboulders. and Pallen 

trees), simplelman-made obstacles (wirc, bomb craters. bernis. 

abatis. I-ubhle. ;md constl-ucted structures such as log cribs. 
:mitank ilitches, and minefields). and conlplex c>hstacles 

(combini~tions of natornl and simple obslacles in mutually 

reinfo[-cing arrays). 

The Gri~zIy is ;I hll-tri~cked. llcavily protected vehiclethat can 

go illto hat-~n's way far better than the speciali~cd cngineerobsracle 

cqi~i)imient now ill use. It integrates MI Abrams milill battle tank 

chassis technologies. the l;itest Army communications 

c~irnponents to instantancoosly hloadcast its progress it1 tlie 

lane. and its unique Grizzly mission niodnles. Mohility is 

equi\,alent \vitli thc MI tank, aid survivability katures include 

an overpressure cc~llective protection systerii for nucle;lr. 

biological. and chemical opemtions. It enlploys a wide bariety of 

st;~ndard comh:~t-vcliicle componcnts integrated into the systenr 

through an aggrcs\ire tech~iology-insenion initiative. Tlie GI-izzly 

has an intqr;~lcd open-systems vehicle electronics (Vetn~nics) 

al-chitecti~~-e that iiocludes the very first "drive-by-wirc"contlol\: 

a ~nrine-clcari~iy_ bl:iclc ctluipped with tcnain-follo\ving. auto~natic 

depth-control sensors and contlr~llers: a power-dri\~m ;Imi lbr 

ohst;iclc reiluction: and a sopliistic;~tcd visiolr sqstcn~ for 

operati~~p tlicGrizzly in the "closed-li;~tch" tnde. Tlie tcclinology 

associated with tlie Vetrcinicr and deptli-comml sensors m;iy 

have application to other systems lhei~ig dcvel(~ped for the 

Ohjcctivc Force. 

Laws of Physics 

T lic dcvelopmcnt ot' the Griz7ly's design centers (in 

tiieeting cle;~~- operation:~l i-equirc~ncnts based on 

known dcficiencich cxisti~oz in current mctliods and 

cr1111~i11iwL The Grizzly is dc\igncd to clear-within 2 1 

~iiitit~tes-ah~ll-\\:itltl~ lane (malogvua to a \+,ide path\u;~y rather 

th;ln two xcparatc Ian- and riglit-hide \+heel tracks) tl~rougli n 

desi$riate(l complcx-ohstacle system of 600 nieten in depth 

(length) tllat ilicludcs ;~~itipcrsonnel wirc. an antitank ditch. 

and antipcrson~rel ;ind antitank mincs laid to standard densities 

and deptlis. Its ~iiohility illid sur\,ivability corrcl:~tes with that 

I . 

' . ,I . , .. .., . . 

A Grizzly perfoms a mine-plowing mission. 

of the heavy necliani7ed force. and while its weight apprmaches 

the 70-to11 gross-velricle-weight tlircshold, this size and the 

power of tlie Ahl-am.; suspeohion cornponcnts ore absolutely 

essential for tlie Grizzly to achieve tlie ~nechanical forces 

necessary to rernovc deeply buried mines (greater than 12 

i~iches in depth). The laws of physicsdictate the requisite i~iertia 

necessary to achieve this level of pel-fonunnce. Therefore. ;I 

lighter vehicle simply cannot physically generate etror~gh plow 

force to clear mines without c:~crificing inucl~ of its weight for 

power or without sacrificilig survivability. 

The tactical aduantapc afforded by the G ~ i ~ z I y ' s s t ~ ~ ~ ~ i v i ~ b i l i t y 

atid mobility is e~lorlilous. It pel-,nits the maneuvercom~ii;~nder 

to employ the Gi.i/zly at 01- near the very f o r e f ~ - o ~ ~ t o f the battle. 

As obstacles are encou~ite~-ed. th~. unit can inin~ediately etiiploy 

relatively simplc Grirlly battle drills to counter the ohstaclc 

while tlie at-mored fo~.cec cover thc ht.e:~cl~ site with appropriate 

tires. Even hcfore tlie hlmcli is cornplctcd. tanks 2nd armo~.ed 

vehiclcs can folloiv right on the l~ecls oftlie Gri~zly. This tactic 

\voulcl he particularly eficctivc ;~gai~ist the ;irtillery- or airdcli\,ered scnttwahle mitieliclds tlie enemy despel.ately emplnys 

to inipede our adv;mcc. M:II~Y significant :~d\,alita@cs restilt 

i'rom this c;~pnhility. as shown in a likcly sce~irio in the inset 

on pngc 39 connpnrcd u,itli tok~y's tactics. tccliniques. ;~nd 

~x~ccclures. 

The Orchestrated Ballet 

T oday's techniques for defeating complex ohstaclcs 

consisting of antipersonnel wirc. minefields. and 

a1itit;lnk ditches require a very c(11nplex operation 

in\ ~ilving several types of specialized equipment tli;~t do not 

of1i.1- the iiiohility ;111(l sur~imbility ofthe Grirzly-and none 

possesses tlie Flcxihility of equipment to dcl'ca~ all OF tliesc 

tylics 'of obstacles. Since ~iiultiple equipmc~it types must he 

osed il./ii/c~ iri !Ire tni~lrilr (!/'<I irii~irfirld. tlie opcration simply 

cannot be ;ccompli\hcd ;IS rapidly as the tempo of motlcrn 

battle requires. 

Exactly what may he inv<ilved ill defc;iting cu~iiplcx obstacles 

today dcpeiids 011 the scope and configuraliion of the 

~rh\t;~cle-thereby cotnplic;~tinf task or9111i~ation ;ind mandating the requirement for lenftliy ~-cco~~n;~iss;~ncc ilnd 

rehearsal\. Esccntially. five types of eq~~ipment :Ireor c;ln he 

involved in tlie opel-atio~i. dependitiy on tlic hcrlpe 01. the 

ohst;~clc. ;ind often result in tlie m;lncu\:er commander having 

to unncccssarily sacrifice equiptnc~it or persc~nncl tIi;lt ~oulcl 

otherwise be itscd to provide cr~rnh;~t power. Tl~cvc includeDi\iiiounted engineer soldiers (called sapper,) to deal with 

wire cntonglc~nents i~tiil provide mine dctcctir~n/cle;lritig. 

Multil~lc M58 niinc-clc:~ri~ig-line-cliiirgc (MICLIC) sliots to 

detnnate pressure ~iiities over the dcptli of the minciields. 

MI tt~nks equipped \vitli RCS componelirs For clcaringl 

detonating residual mines and "p~-<w~fing" the lane. 

An M'f i~rriiorcd conih;~t c;~rtIimo\'er (ACE) or hulldozers to 

destmyhn~~vc eartlr cribs ;lnd concrete ohst~uctions or fill 

in alititnnk ditchcs. 
Operational Advantages of the Grizzly 

Without the Grizzly, the brea 

pass security and advanced 

Attack is halted! 

Advance Platoon Rnce Paddles 

The Grizzly preserves tactical options and flexibility for the commander. Here. ~n constraned terrain such as Korea. where parallel 

rldges are common and almost all arable areas are under cultivation with crop areas such as rice paddies. roadways are extremely 

narrow and even tanks can get bogged down if they leave the road surfaces. 

These areas are (deal locations for the enemy lo construct complex obstacles. Slnce the terrain is constrained. bottleneck zones 

are easy to 11nd where minimal assets are requ~red to emplace obstacles that would pose extremely difficult tactical problems in 

contnuing the tempo of the advance. As shown above. the attack is essentaly stopped whle the necessary engineer assets have 

to pass the length of both the advance platoon and the security element before they can get to the obstacle. These assets do not travel 

far forward because of their vutnerab~lity and iack of mobii~ty. 

The scene below shows the advantage of the Gr~rrly It can be right with the security etelnent as the unit approaches ths terrain. 

Upon encountering the obstacle. the Grizzly can lmmediatety deploy to defeat the obstacle. preserving attack momentum. 

With the Grizzly, the breach force may 

move much farther forward in formation. Breach Assets Direction of Attack 

Attack while maintaining momentum! 

Advance Platoon Rice Paddies 

A Iie;i\! .tr\;lult hridye (HAB). sucll as n \Yol\crine. or iln 

annored vsliicle-l;~unclied bridge I.4VLB). for spmninf tlie 

antitank ditch or tlie wire cnt :I enients. 

Tlii\ does not iilclude the m;~noe\-er forces tlint ~~iust 

suppress enem) overwatcii ele~nents while lliese vulnerable 

sy\tcm\ nesotiats their \;cry trying nii\ions. 

All of ihih equipment n~usl be collected and c).nchroniled. 

~Iiicll ~-e~]uires c~n~iderilble time forreconnai\clincc. planning. 

assembly of cquipnicntlpersonnel. I-eliearsali. ctc.. often tiihin: 

hours_ days. or e\cn weeks 10 complete. The acrual conduct of 

a blwach doctrinnlly follows sorne bari;llion of suppreising the 

enemy fol-ce lliat is o~crn~atcliing the obcracle anti obscurin? 

the view. securin: the ohstncle illid reducing it nit11 lalies 

through it. and securing the f;ir hide. If the complex ob\tocle 

begins \\it11 antipersonnel wire or barrier, to a minefield. 

dismounttd soldiers or sappera deploying banpalore torpedoes. 

dctonation cord. or other means are currently cmployeil and 

may include using an AVLB to cleilror bridge them. Their effort& 

may he comp1ic;itrd by the presence of antipersonnel [nines or 

explohi\ e antihandling devices in the wire. 

Once a lane ill tlie wire is created. a \el-ies of SIICLICs. 

ei~cli weighing more than l.500 pounds. u,itli the tellt;~lc 

si~naturc of 3 rocket propellant in-fliplit. nitist be fil-ed into 

the nrineficlil. The tiuniber depcnds on the lineal- dcptli ol 

the ininefield. Aftc.r each bIICLIC is fir'etl. a lane must be 

p~-oofed h! otlie~ rncans before it can bc ;~>\ured aa sal'i.. 

The current practice requircs that lank equipped nit11 niine 

plows or n~llrrs bc dedicated ti] cleal-in? ;i trach-aicltli lane 

(one small lii~le for the 1el't and one ior 111s right track) and 

defeating re\icluul mines missed hy tlic hllCLlC cletonariotis. 

These tanks. while performing this mis\ion. are necessarily 

lost to the iiianeuver conirniindcr for their primary cornh;it 

role-and sonietimeh until aftcr tliey ;ire repaired from the 

daliis~e surtoinrd durin? a breaching mission. 

The presetice of the antitank ditch adila heriot15 cornplications since neither the BCS-equipped tnnkh 110r the 

MlCLICs :Ire effective against this obstacle. Tliis niriinc 

that this equipment must be ho<.ke<l ~rii r~fiiir ln,ie and the 

M') ACE, AVLD. or bulldozer hrouglit lorwnrd. Ol,er:ition of 

lhcse \chicles can he greatly complicated by mines in the 

vicinity of the ditch. If one of these vehicles is disabled. it 

bccornes it\elf a formidable ohstacle to thc hreach. nliich 

inlay then require another ztrliiored xehicle or rccol'er); 

vchicle to nio\,e in and estriicl or move ii from the lane. 

Once past the ditcli. tlie presence of inore mines may fol-ce 

these eartlimo\.ing vehicles to carefully hack orri of rirr 

iaf~e so that \1ICLIC\ ;ind BCS-cquipped tiinks can apairi 

he eniplo!ed paht thc ditcii. Since the lane must be kept 

clear so the veliicles can move forward as needed. fea;-if 

any-exploitation forces c~lli lnove into the breach until it 
is entircly clear This means that the \:ulnerability to counterattack action by the ellemy is very high becausc of his 

almost certain knowledge of where the attack will occur. 

As one easily senses from the previous description. this 

"parade" or various types of specialized equipment. described 

by some a\ "an orchestn~ted ballet of fann itnple~nents,"entails 

enornrous risk to tlie mission. The failure ofotre systeni may 

nullify or even block the reniainingefiolt. hieanwhile, the ovel.all 

operation or even the entire campaiyn may fail. The whole 

operation-~~tidereeily imaginable combat conditionsof fire. 

smoke. and the dangers of hidden mines-ma! simply require 

too much sheer gut\ on the part of the soldiers earmarked to 

accornpliah it. even under the no st benign circumstances where 

only pressure mines are tlie threat.The riskof failure heightens 

tre~nendously \\;hen non-pressure-sensiti\ e andlor sma1.t mines 

exist in tlie mix. uhich can frustrate tlie operation and causc 

man) casualties in the hreacli force. It is readily apparent that 

such an operation cannot be conducted without losing momentum. wen by the most model-11 1iiechaiii7ed forces. 

h Utility Knife for Obstacles 

T he Combined Ar~iis a n d S u p p o r t T ; ~ s k F o r c e 

Evaluation Model (CASTFOREM) modeling and 

analysis have amply demonstrated thc success of the 

u~iits equipped with thc Griz~ly. The time that fol-ces are exposed 

to enemy fire duriny anonnal breach is reduced h) ne:~rly twothirds. The probability that st task-force two-lane breach will be 

successful is increased ncarly six-fold. The loss-exchangeratio 

is half that without the Grizzly in the force. The use of tlie 

Grizzl preber\es combat power \vhilc decreasing friendly 

losses. rcduci11g exposure of soldiers to eneniy lire and actually 

PI-esentiiig a bonu\ to tlre conl~nandcr hecause he no\\. has all 

of his t;o~ks available for combat-not daniaged by mines in 

the breach or simply unavailable due to cii\e~-sion to the 

breachiny rolc. In addition, all the other engineer equipment 

mentioned-huch as the hnllrlozers. M9 ACEc. and HABs-is 

noiv available for it? prinrary ~nisrion functions. 

A point \berth mentioning with regard to the Army's 

Transformation is that variants of our current intientory of 

Abrams tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles will be used by 

ITS. Ann? soldiers for 30years or more from today. Thc Army 's 

TI-ansfol-nration. as we all know. has three parallel axes (Lepacy, 

Objective. and lnteriln Forccs). ant1 the Grizrly system is past 

of the Legacy Force. By many estimates. tlie Legacy Force 

systeins ail1 rernain in tlie Army's in\ entory uniil?03?. u~l~icli 

means that tlie requiremerrt (or the Grizzly to COII~UC~ cornplexobstacle breaches will be valid for many years to come. 

Additionally. as lon~ as tllc Ar~ny'b Counterattack Force packs 

the punch of today's armored equipn~ent. the maneuver 

commander urill need the Grizzly to ensure that he can maintain 

dominant nianeuver on the battlefield. 

What If We Had a Grizzly? 

role in the outcome. Some are worth conjectore from a \\hat-if 

standpoint. For example. at Verdun, the Gerliians expended 

millions of shells and suffered hundreds of thousands of 

casualties but could not break through. Even without extensive 

 ninef fields in that campaign, a protected engineer system like 

the Grirrly could have unhinged the Frencl~. The first tank 

offensive by the British at Cambrai bogged down because the 

primitive tanks couldn't negotiate the terrain in-depth. A 

Grizzly-like system could 1ias.e had a role there. Rornnrels No~tli 

African campaign frequently featured encounter.; with co~nplex 

obstacles in-depth. Ronimel seemed to always outflank them 

in the feorureless derert-that is until the Quattara Depression 

ancliolrd the Commonw'ealth left flank at El Alamsin, A Grizzly 

systelil may hrive pn)uided othcr options to the "Desert Fox." 

The Germans at Kursh. even with tanks that greatly outclassed 

the Russii~ns. were decisively defeated when the panzer.; could 

not negotiate the extensive complex obstacles employed indepth by Marshal Zhukov's armies. Admittedly. puttin: the 

Gri7,zIy into thece lii\torical in\tances is a btretch. but u,liat 

about a niore 1.ecent exiimple such ;IS thc Persian Gulf War? 

The inset 011 page 41 dcpicts the actual experience of tlie U.S. 

hlari~~es in breaching an Iraqi ohstacle zone. 

Where Is the Grizzly Now? 

T he Grizzly i\ well on the path to\r:arci making the 

concept of conducting a bl-eacli uithout losing 

mornenturn a reality. Akeady fully engaged in the 

Enf~neering and Manufacturing Development phase of tlie 

acquisition life cycle. prototype vehicles have been produced 

by the prime conuactor, United Defense Limited Parttiership. 

and have demonsrn~ted solutions to many of the technical 

challenpesprese~itetl by the Grizzly'schalle~iging mission. The 

[el-rain sensors end onhoard blade controllers hale been 

eniployed with su~~ivable mine-plow-blade colnporielits to 

remove seeded rnincs to a depth of up to 12 inches at speeds 

capable of meeting estahlislicd standards. Minefield breaches 

where the hlatlc depth was manually controlled have also been 

successfully de~lionstrated with theGrizzly prototypes. Clearly. 

tlic proeress and performance of the system to date are 

in~pressive 2nd unprecedented. 

The po\\.er-drivcn-nl.~n technology is an ad:~pt~~tion of 

commercially amilable equipment. While in and oiitseifirot a 

cliallenge. closed-hatch vision throughout its full ranfc of 

motion and anticollision software deuelopmrnt add to the 

complexity of its integr;~tiori. This requires the llse of external 

camel.;ls illid tlie electronics required to bring the 1 idea to the 

openltor to permit day. night. and ;ill-weather opelations. 

Additiorial effort is needed to ensure illat the systeni 

progresses beyond the prototype stage and meets standards 

in go\.e~?inient Li\'e-Fire Test ant1 Evaluation, Initial-Operational 

Testing, and P~.oduction-Verilication Tcsting. The opportunity 

to bring this critical technology to the force in the field. ho\vever. 

is tleeting. Thc team is nour assclnbled to solve any residual 

W e've mentioned a few historical instances where challenges that need to be faced to get this system to tlie field. 

ohstacles ha\.e been decisive or played a major The potential to meet the challerlge will inevitably dwindle and 
lraqi Defensive Obstacle Belts in Front of the 2d U.S. Marine Division 

t 

5 km 

I 

5km c-,- ---- - - -- - C -- 

I Fire Trenches 

5 km 

I 

Border Berm 

Antttank Ditches 

i 

USP,lC Axis of Advance 

In the Persian Gulf War, elements of the 2d U.S. Marine Division were tasked with penetrating lraqi defensive positions arrayed indepth as depicted in the diagram. The cornpiexobstacles deployed by the Iraqis included antitank and antipersonnel minefieids. berms. 

wire and point obstacles, antitank ditches astride the existing all-weather road, and reinforcing trenches and strongpoints for 

defenders of the lanes through the obstacles. 

The Marines conducting the operation had several weeks to prepare for the breach mission. Each obstacle was treated as a 

separate simple obstacle with the appropriate equipment brought forward to deal with obstacles ndividually. Even though the breach 

was unopposed due to the previous withdrawal of lraqi forces, each simple obstacle took from 30 minutes to 3 hours to defeat. These 

obstacles included several dummy minefields. Dismounted Marines proofed the lanes The time it took for each task force to clear two 

lanes through the belt was 2.5 to 95 hours. It took 1 to 2 days for friendly elements to pass through to the other side of the obstacle. 

Track-width mine-plow tanks were employed. and 9 of 11 vehicles that ht mines during the operation suffered mobility kills. These 

tanks had to be repaired before they could rejoin their units in the advance. Of the 45 MlCLlCs used, 20 failed to remove all the mines, 

and supplementary action was necessary to clear or proof the lanes. 

may disappear u~ilcss the requisite fiscal supporl for this critical 

systetn is forthcoming. It would he a tragedy fol- the Army to 

make a great investment in n revolutionary new concept of 

lighter and hardcr-hitting combat systems but still he reduced 

to the pace of the crawling soldier in the face of a mundane 

cornplcx obstacle. Unfoltunately, this ~(indition is a reality today 

unless thc Grizzly achieves its potcntial and allowsthe Ar~ny lo 

Cully exercise itsdominant rnat~cuver charactcristics. 

Summary 

T he Grizzly program provides a uniquc and heretofcirc 

nonexistent capability to the force-the ability to 

defeat con?plex obstacles, from the march. while maintaining the pace end momentum of the attack. When successful. 

lhc bcnefits provide a syner-gistic influence to simultaneous 

ctr~nbat objectives-do~ni~iating maneuvel- and winning the 

information war itssuccess in its intended role will substantiate 

the Grizzly's cornhat importance to the maneuver commander 

and its operational benefit. It is a vital system for controlling 

key dimensionsofthe future battlefield: spced. space, and time. 

The Grizzly's technology sllso has the potential to enhance 

future Ohjcctive Force eqi~iprnent prrfortnance. The programtnanagement office continues to work to bring the system to 

fruition us early and as economically ;IS possible but needs 

support from all those who are knowledgeable i~nd interested 

insround-mobility issues. Let us not he left with the agonizing 

question to ;inswer. "if not the Grizzly. thcn what?" Y 

Colo,rcl A.vado i rlic Projrcr illn,>o,qo.fir- C<,,rihoi iMobiIir? 

S?srr,,i.s, U.S. A,,,,? Eiiik-(~~rionrorirc <o,d Ai,,iii,ririlrr Co,reiia,id. 

Mrn,-r<v?, Mi<.hi,qa,l. H<, isrrrl <iuiioi-rfflicerotrdo r,!c,iib?ri,/'ihr An!!? 

,\cqui.~irio,> Cr,,.r. COL Asad<, i,s ii ~rod~rutc c g r l ~ r U S . Mitilo,-? 

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fhr-oirgh stlrh in rhr irrsritrrrinr7rrl .\clrooiIioirsr, thrnrrglr fiaid ciperirirces y(rinrii iir o/~rr-otiurzrri ossignrr~ri~rs, (III~ rhn~r~yh 

persono1 .stlrrly rri7,l /~r~?fe.ssio~rrr/ rror1ing.v. 

G<,rreriri Eric K Sl~ir~zeki 

Cl7i~fofStciffqf rlze Ann? 

A rlny Transformation has heen well underway for 

more than ;I year now. Most people with any intcl-cst 

in the Army are very aware of the three-axes model 

depicllng the1zgacy Force, thclnterim Forcc, and theOhjective 

Foruc. The Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) at Furl Lewis. 

Washingon: the Interim Armored Veliicle: end tlie lntcrim 

Divisiol~ (IDIV) are also recent headli~ie news. Less well knou,n 

tire the chanzes that TRADOC and tlic proponent schools arc 

liii~king in milita~y training a~id education systems and their 

impact on soldiers oflhecurrent and future Army. Tlre le:~derde\,clopment opcrational and organizationnl docoment covers 

all proposed leaderhhip cducationul transfornrations (such as 

the Noncomtnissioncd Officer Education System and the 

Warrant Officer Education System). 

Tlie first part of this article highlights sorilc of the currcnt 

training challenges for lieuten;~ntr, captains, and majors and 

then focuses on tlie 11-ansformation of the Officer Education 

System (OES) and therapid changes occurring within TRADOS. 

Current Officer Education System 

lie current OES has sel-ved the Ammy well for m;my T yeara. Very few large organizations in the world are 

able to devote the time and resources the Arniy docs to 

ensure that its leaders are developed and preparcd for increased 

respollsihility. Gelirral Lesley I. McNair, often referred to ;IS 

tlie "educator of the Army" and the "traincr of the Army." had 

an enominus impact on our current education modcl for training 

officers. NCOs, and soldiers. The McNair Model, developed 

for World 1U1r I1 mobilization, produced large numbcrs of 

soldiers and leaders to meet requirements genel-ated by a 100- 

division Army (see endoote, page 48). While this training 

strategy has scl-vet1 our nation well throogh the end of thc 

Cold War. where World War I11 European scenarios required 

large nuinhers of personnel ~.cplacernents. it is simply not 

efficient enough to meet tlie needs of today's force. With :I 

smaller, husier, and resource-constrained AI-niv. a new training 

paradigm is being realized. 

As we progt-es into the twenty-rirst century. the Unitecl 

States finds itself without peercompetitors. The battlefieldsof 

this century are not likely to he total war5 hut sm:~ll-scale 

contingency operations ar various flash points around the 

wol-Id. The liosrilitics of tlie future !nay be more like our 

experielices in Bosni;~ or Kosovo and less like our involvement 

in the Gulf War. 

Ovcr the last two decades. the Army has continually reduced 

its manpower, hut missions and deployments have steadily 

i~icre;~sed. In he past, we had the luxury of lbllowing an "alert. 

t~nin, deploy" model lor most oi our ~najor deployments. But ~ ~ 

the transformed Army-in ordcr to met General Slrinseki's 

aggressive timelilies ihr bripades and divisions to heoperational 

in theatel-must now lnove to a "train, alert, deploy" model. 

This places tnucli toughel-requirementson twining institutions 

and operational units througho~it the Almiy. 

The current Army officer educalion;~l ~nodcl is hased on the 

three pillars shown in Figure I: it~stitutiunal training. sellde\,elopmerit, and opcrationul assignments. 
Institutional Training 

The institutional piece ofofficertfi~ini~ig is well established. 

TRADOC has set precoinmissioning requirelilents that are 

accomplished through the Reserve OfficerTraining Corps, thc 

United States Military Academy, or tlic Officer Candidate 

School. After being commissioned. officers attend the basic 

course of their branch. While the lengths of branch courses 

vary considclably, their common goal is to train second 

lieutenants on the leadership and technic;il skills they ]nust 

posscss to meet the challenges associated with their first unit 

;~ssignment. It's important to note that lieutenants a!-e not 

taught every critical task while attending the officer b:tsic 

course. The Engitieer Officer Basic Coursc (EOBC), forexample. 

only covers about 65 pel-cent of the critical tasks for junior 

engineer officers. Accordingly. licltl commanders nust build 

upon the lieutenants' newly acquired skills and wain those 

tasks not covered during their initial officer tn~ining, thereby 

ensuring that these officers ore competitive for promotion and 

increased responsihility. 

After their promotion to captain, officers attend the 

Career Course (CCC), which is usually at thcir branch school. 

This course is taught primarily in a sn~all-group environmcnl 

and is one of the real highlights 01 an officer's education. 

Officers who attend the Engineer Captain's Career Course 

(ECCC) bring a wide variety of experience and kno\vledge i?onr 

their previous assi_enments and are trained by a carefully 

selected teal11 of small-group leaders. When they complete 

training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. rnost captains attend 

the Combined Ar~ns and Services Staff School (CAS3) at Foi-t 

Leavenworth. Kansas. Additionally. m;wy officers participale 

in the cooperative graduate-degree program through the 

University of Missouri at Rolla (UMR) or the University of 

Missouri at SI Louis (UMSL). After 24 to 33 weeks, theseofiiccrs 

are ready to serve on a brigade or battalion staff and command 

company-sized unils. Clearly there is a disconnect here si~ice 

many of these officers have alrcady been primary staff officers 

at a batlalion or brigade and, for ;I number of reasons. a key 

pait of their training may be coming too late. 

Small-group instruction and hands-on exercises are 

fundamental to the ECCC. 

Instituti(~nal training for majors is still at the Command and 

General Staff College (CGSC) at Fort Leaven\voiih. One of the 

key provisio~is of Officer Personnel Management Systeiri 

(OPMS) XXI is the transition to a universal military education 

level (MEL)-4 qualification. but this still has not been 

i~nplemented. After promotion to major, a Department of the 

Anny bo;~rdlooks twice at officers' records lo determine which 

ol'them will attend resident CGSC training. However. about 50 

pel-cent of cach year group still completes MEL-4 through 

notiresident studies. Consequently, the pel-ception in the force 

is that these officers have been taken out of the running for 

key leadersliip positions at the major and lieutenant colonel 

ranks. Whetlier we agree or disagl-ee with it, the rculity is that 

this is our current institutional OES. 

Self-Development 

The existing self-develop~nent phase of offica-education is 

arguably the weak link in the chain. While a number of 

officers are actively engaged in correspondence courses, 

developmental-reading programs, and other indiridu;il 

professional initiatives. success is strictly a function of each 

officer's pcrsonal desire to learn ltndgrow. Most units have an 

established professional-development program. but success 

is very localized and generally inadequate across the Army or 

Engineer Regiment. These shortcomings al-e a result of various 

causes andeffects but arc generally related to operating tempo 

(OPTEMPO) and officer shortages. 

Operational Assignments 

It wollld seem that the current high OPTEMPO and shortage 

of officers in several grades would provide ;I tremendous 

opportunity for officers to benefit from operational assignments. 

Rut in actuality, this may have just the opposite effect. With 

onits that are extremely busy and trying to juggle many glass 

halls. thel-e is less opportunity for senior officers to train. Figure 1 
clevelop. and mentor junior officers. Ample evidence reveals 

that company-grade officers perceive that they are not getting 

enough interaction with their huperiors. 

Durin: the past few years. ~iiost units have had more 

lieutenants assigned than their modified table of organization 

and cqiiipment (MTOE) (11-table of distribution and allowances 

(TDA) allows. The obvious effect is that a generation of officers 

is being deprived of \raluahle platoon-leader experience that 

everyone recognizes as critical to junior-ofT.icer development. 

Additionallj,. more lieutenants fill validaredcaptain's positions: 

these officers stl-uggle to acconlplish assigned tasks in which 

they lhauc no fol.rnnl training or experience. Lieutenants who 

arc cast into a captain's position may !lot have had the 

opportunity to sr'c"what right looks like." Unless their leadel-s 

(who rnay he in the samc situ:~tion) can cnsure tliat thcy an-e 

working and traini~rg to atandal-d. the education gaincd through 

operation;~l assignments may be built on a more fl-agile 

foundation than it was just a few years ago. 

0 

Proposed Changes 

ne proposal is to review tlie captain's critical task 

list. identify those skills that now apply to 

lieutenants. and shiftltrain tliese skills during the 

oliiccl'c initial tr;lining. Other proposed changes includc the 

following: 

Basic Officer 1,eader's Course 

One of the most sweeping changes-and one that will occulquickly-is the establishment of the Basic Officer Leader.s 

Coursc (BOLC). All second lieutenants will attend this course 

after they are commissioned hut hefore they attend their basic 

hranch course. 'The BOLC, r\:hich f~~cuses on small-unit 

leadership in a field environment. is taught at For? Renning. 

Georgia. The proposed course design is based on tlie U.S. 

Marine Corps model and establishes a common standard for all 

junior officers. Training will encourage junior officers to gain 

the identity of an "Army ofiicer" rather than an identity of 

"enpincer(or intintly, oramlor, or finance ...)officer," reviving 

the warriol- ethos. Current branch basic courses are not 

inadequate nor are thcy failing at theil-task; but rather theclear 

goal for BOLC is simply "bctter is better." 

The Infantry School has already conducted 21 BOLC pilot 

class cornposed of nll infantry officers. A second all-infantry 

pilot class was scheduled ful-later in FYOI . However, the class 

has since bee11 re\,a~iiped to include 40 noninfhntry officers. 

Three of the oficcrs are e~igineers who will attend the EOBC 

after completing the BOLC. Full-up implementation of the 

course for all officers is scheduled to begin in FY03. The length 

of the BOLC is still being determined, hut it is expected to be 

between 6 and X weeks long. The critical aspect is that officer 

initii~l-entry tl-aining (BOLC plus tlie branch course) will not 

exceed 19 weeks and 4 days. This cap is necessary to decrease 

the population in the OES Trainees. Transients, Holdees, and 

Students (TTHS) account. Thc current account records 65,000 

man-days per year. which is clearly too high a percentage ol 

our forcc. 

The goal of BOLC is to encourage lieutenants to gain the 

identity of an "Army officer" and revive the warrior ethos. 

Engineer Officer Basic Course 

The EOBC will also undergo m;~jor changev with the 

implementation of the BOLC. The proposed model calls for 

proponents to pn~vide requisite technical and tactical training 

lor lieutenants. A portion of the current TRADOC commoncore suhjccts will be trained at Fo11 Benning; therefore. the 

rocus of branch schools is on brnncli-specific critical tasks. As 

a result. pruponents will usc wliate\.cr time re~nains to complcte 

these requirc~nents. This i.;a lnajor colicern for the Corps of 

Engineers. demanding tough calls to deteniiinc what is trained 

during tlie EOBC. Our :oal is to continue to train ofricers for 

the diverse engineer n~issions they will encounter, such as 

combat engineering, bridging, construction, topography, and 

light-engineer operations. Rased on the time available. there 

will be some threshold where we can provide only tlie spccific 

tminingourjunioroffice~swillrequire in their initial assignment\. 

This threshold is still undeter~iiined and is a primary concern 

21s we rn21ke this ma~jor transition. The Engineer Scliool has a 

breakout session schedulcd during ENFORCE 200 1 to address 

the EOBC restrucri~ri~ig issues associated with implenrentation 

ofthe BOLC. 

Captain's Career Course 

Significant changes for training captains is also under review 

with implementation expected in tlie near future. Thc current 

ECCC model is well known. Upon promotion to captain, officers 

suh~nit a DA Form 4187, P~rsonnrlAcrioiz. requesting 

~~ttend:~nce. Training prerequisites and acadcrnic requirements 

required to attend training are minin~al. Thecourse consists of 

an 18-week program at FOIT Leonard Wood, tirllowcd hy 6 weeks 

of TDY for CAS3 at Fort Lcavenworth. Over the past FY. in 

excess of 50 percent of officers then return to Fort Leonard 

Wood as students and con~pletc tlieir master's through UMR 

or UMSL. As we transitioo, these graduate programs remain 

essential and must be continued; they fill a critical need for our 

branch by providing an opponunity for our officers to complete 

a master's during the ci~recr cource. 
Anotheressential elernentofthe CCC that u2e tiii~stretain is 

smnll-group instruction. which uses sniall-gwup processes. 

rnethotls, and tecliniqoes to stimr~lale learning and promote 

group dynalnics. This method of instt-r~ction place5 the 

responsibility of learning on individuals through participation 

and interaction. Officers from various hackground$. cultures. 

and experiences arc grouped into s1i1a11 teams led by a select 

group of branch-qualified company-glxde officers that serve 

ar role models. coaches. and mentors. Distance learning or 

large-gniup lect~~ro settinyr cannot duplicate the ohuious 

advantages provided hy this stnall-xroup environment. 

Pmposed resident school curricule will increasingly f(1cus 

on teaching the nature of w;n as opposed to only the scientific 

conduct of bvnr. Tlie modern operntional environment dc~nmds 

leaders who can rcnson and 11i;lke decisions in ncm: and 

unexpected situatio~is. 

The cun.icula will teilcli lenders hoiv to think and not u.hai 

to think. TRADOC initiativzs direct that future training i'ncus 

technology to Icveriige infomiation ina variety of wnys tliat 

increase the Army's warfighting cap:~hility. The Isailling ~isi(111 

involves increasing tlnini~lg opportunities. optimizing training 

avail;~hility. and incotpol-nti~ig multicclielon events that prcpzire 

1e:tders to meet the demand5 and c1i;tllenges of totiiorrow's 

battlefield. Our t11iits require adaptive. tlcxihle. intelligent leaders 

who are co~nfoltable atid conipetent in potential future co~iiplex 

operations. Training ~iiust prepare our leaders to lead units to 

figlit and win in co~iibat across the entire specuum ofconflict. 

This requires that all leaders underhtnnd and enforce high 

standards of cotnhat readiness through realistic, multiecheloned. co~iibincd-arms training that challenges and 

develops individu;tls. le;~dcrs. crews. a~id onits. Tlie future 

career course will focus on this and will he de5igned aruund 

FM22lOO. Arnr!. Lerirlerslrij~. 

Combined Arms Rattle School 

Thc Armor School :it Fort Knox. Kentucky, ischarged with 

designing. o\ersceing. and developing the future Advanced 

Officer LeaderlBattle Capktin Course (AOLIBCC). Tlic scliool 

is preparing to itiipletiient a pilot course I'ur 4th quarter FYOl 

and has dubbed it the Comhined Artiis Battlc School (CABS). 

The continuing reduction in rcsourccs dictates an edit~ltion 

systctii that eliminates redundancy arid iocuses le;tderdcveloprnenl cnhrts where they GII~ best he accomplished. An 

exan~ple of orie of the challenges is to cvnluate the CAS? 

program or instr~~ctiori (POI). The goal is to identify trainin: 

redundancies, identill. and c~nhedpertinent critical tasks into 

the futun olficer AOUBCC. and deterniine what tasks call be 

eliminztted or transitioncd to other leadership courhes. 

Additionally. platittcrs ~riust not exceed the current CCC length 

of 24 weeks when designing the AOLIBCC. The proposed 

CABS is targeting a 20- 1024- week tinieframe and will include 

cl-itical tasks identified from the current 24-week CCC niodcl 

(combined officer adva~iced coarse (OAC) and CAS3). Overall 

si~vingscan be realized by cliniinating the need to send officers 

TDY to CAS3 and hopehlly train all OAC and CAS3 critical 

tasks 111less time. 

The CAUS will be a battle-based. conihined-arrns lmdernhip 

school. Small groups should consist of about 14 studelits (3 

armor: 3 inkintry: Iengineer: 2 field artillery: Iaviation; 1 air 

defense. military intelligence. or signal: IMarine; and 2 01-3 

international officers). The proposed instructor hase will consist 

of 2aniior. 2 infantry. Ifield-artillery. Iengineer. and I aviation 

ofricer Additional support \*.illhe required from ;iir-defcnse. 

tnilitary-intcllige~ice.and sig~lal itistructors. 

The purpose of the AOLIBCC is to train combined-arms 

officers who are self-confident, adaptive commanders ntid 

battle-staff officers who can lead companies ant1 stalF teams 

who c;in sol\,e complex prohlems acl.oss the entire spectrutii 01. 

c<)~itlicts.These officers will he capable of perlbrming in both 

legacy (moderni~ing) and interini cornh;~t units. The design 

increases leadership opportunities through constructive. 

vinonl, sltid live si~iiulatio~is atid maai~nizes the inlcglxtion of 

the ~iiultiechelon. multigrade. b;~ttle-focused Leadership 

experiences encompassing all nine leader actions. 

Cor~str.~tclive Si~tznlafiur~. Constructive Joint ArmylNavy 

Unifiirm Simulation (JANUS) a~idktical Operations (TACOPS) 

Simulation trainitig is planned for the CABS. Using computer 

simulations. student leatlers can plan. prepare. and execute 

hatlles. These exercises are conducted in a small-group 

environment whe~e combined-arms officers test their:~hilities 

to plan kind execute combat opcmtions. TACOPS is an off-thcshelf (with enhancements), PC-based compiitersi~nulation that 

enahlcs students to load and fight theirt;ictical plan.\. Using a 

standard laptop or desktop cotiiputcr, student officers can figlit 

one another (01- the cmnpnter) and "validate" their plans 

through execution. Norni;rlly. u'lien tt~iinitig troop-leading 

procedures or the tiiilitary decision-makin: pniccss. training 

stops :~fte~- a p1;11i is puhlished. By taking 11111 advantageof 

cif TACOPS. small-group leaders can prci\;ide ;I training 

envimnment tliat enhances the ordcn proces\ from reccipt of 

a mission thmugh its exccutiun. This flexibility increases the 

ahility of student officers to fight a plan through cxecution 

TACOPS simulation training 
numerous times using various environments. The flexibility 

that TACOPS brings to the small-group envirotnnent has huge 

advantages over the one or two opportunities most officers 

currently experience using the li~nited JANUS facilities. 

TACOPS is quite similar to JANUS and even allows playback 

or reexecution of the fight to reinforce discovery learning and 

thereby cnhance small-group-leader-fucilitated after-action 

reviews. 

VirtualSimululion. Virtual simulation is incorporated using 

systems such as the Close Combat 'Tactical Trainer (CCTT) 

and Siniulation Network (SIMNET). These combat-vehicle 

simulators allow leaders to plan, prepare, and executecompanylevel missions in a multiechcloned virtual environment. 

Live Simulation. Live simulation training provides batrlelocused leadership experiences using multiple-command 

situational-training exercises that challenge leaders under the 

most realistic battlefield conditions possible. 

Distrih~rtive Learning. lndividoal training is increasing by 

using advanced techl~ology outside of the educational 

mvironmcnt,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \,,illprovide 

soldiers to leceive critical, miss,oll.esscntial, ;Ind 

Dro~essiona~~~e~e~o,lI1leIlt

ieaminr! - instruction:

instruction 

presentation 

a lnix of distributed 

call be residellt or 

Because approximately 28 engineer officers a year attend 

the CARS.thc Engineer School has been involvedin the design 

ofthe course from the start. Future branch AOLlBCCs will not 

beidentical in dcsign orcxecution to theCARS, hut theoverall 

intensity aid training environment will be very similar. As we 

co~ititlue to advance in technology, we must find a way to 

leverage it to our advantage without taking away the vital 

interactive learning processes gained through personal 

intcraction. By analyzingand carefully sLudying pilot programs 

such as CABS, future training technologies and initiatives. 

and the continued efforts of training development. a balance 

of the right skills--tau_eht at the right time and place--can he 

realized. Already, we can train soldiers while thcy are still in 

their units or even while they are deployed. The result enhances 

soldierlleader educational opportunities and reduces the overall 

time soldiers are aw:iy from thc force and, more importantly, 

their i:.lmilies. In essence. wc c;~n transfor111 current classrooms 

into n world-class campus withoot walls. 

Future EngineerAOUHCC 

Astor the futurc of the engineer officer's AOLIBCC. one ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i d ~ ~ 

co~iceptlrat is under consideration is shown in Figure 2. This 

planning dralt is for a 22- to 24-week course that eliminates 

rcdut~du~cywith the CAS3 POI and includes additional future 

critical tasks. Additional time is allocated to digital training and nollresident-~~assroorn xx1.based, weh-hased, ~~.b~~~d, a 

mix, and/ortl.aditiona,.b;lsed. .l.hese packaged can be integmtion of the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). The 

tailored to individualsto enhance !heir knowledge base alld,~lr proposed course will also maxinlize the use ol constructive. 

prepare them for a specific assignment. vit-tual, and livc simulations to incorporate \,arious force 

I Captain's Career Course Educational Transformation Update 

Engineer Officer Advanced Course Timeline 

(Current-without CAS3 imbedded) 

Course Duratio-18 weeks 190 days) 

25 days 

I 

Interim ECCC Timeline (AOUBCC) 

(Planning Draff-Mth CAS3 POI imbedded) 

Course Duration-22-24 weeks ~....~ 

lnproces Leadomtip. Dlgltsl MANSCEN shssdtxtlc B""ch-spec,flctacbcs 


techniques 

structures andenvironments. Some ofthe current training will 

tr'insltlon :. to distributive learning, but careful analysis and study 

is ongoing to ensure that the right critical skills rennin in the 

resident phase. 

Future proposed engineer AOLIRCC ~l~odels will silso require 

that officers show proficiency on specific critic;~l gate tasks 

before being allowcd to enroll and subsequently graduate fro111 

the advanced course. Every effort to maintain the postgraduate schooling opporti~nitics (at UMR andCMSL) will be 

expended to ensure that future leaders understand that 

continuing education remains the highest priority. Expect the 

future advanced engineer leaders' tlxining to ~nraxirnize the use 

of technology and constructive, virtual, and live simulations 

to maximize perforn~ance-orie~ited, experience-hased training 

at all levels and across the entire spectrum of ripe~ations. 

Future Command and General StaffCollege 

Thc transformation oftreining for majors primarily i~ivolves 

the implementation of OPMS XXI initiatives. A univecsal form 

of MEL-4 will replace the current model ofapproxinlately hall' 

ofeach year group being selected to attend the resident CGSC. 

This is an overdue initiative that needs to be set in place as 

quickly as possible. The current stratification of year g~oups 

inlo the resident and nonresident MEL-4 is dividing year 

groups innnediately aAer officers are selected for protnotioii 

lo !major. The spin-ol'f is causing stress to officel- career 

development at all levels. Universal MEL-4 must be incorporated and tlie appropriate training be dctermined hy the 

officer's career field as quickly as possible. Many people 

recognize this ascrilical. but it does not have the salneurgency 

and emphasis that some of thc other officer-education 

transformation initislives ;!re receiving. 

Concerns 

There is tremendous momentum in TRADOC to 

transfol-ni the OES. There is gl-a~tncrit in nlosl of 

these proposals. But there are also sevet.al ;Ireas oC 

concern that could be easily overlooked as these courses are 

pla~ined. developed. arid implemented through pilot programs. 

The first concern involves a major change in our culture. 

Schools are. by design, moving toward a shorter. Inorc intensc. 

and more demanding atniospliere. For years. the institutional 

school environment has provided both an educational 

opportunity and an opportunity for students and their families 

to enjoy tlie lower OPTEMPO, regular Iiours. and relaxed 

environment ;~ssocinted with schools. These embedded 

benefits are currently paid for through TDY costs arid thc 

Army's TTHS account. But if we mo\,e to a system where our 

career schools arc "acadenlic Ranger schools." we risk even 

greater junior-officer-retention problems in the name of 

ericiency and cost effectiveness. 

Another potential risk is the goal ofeliminating all redu11d;lnt 

training. This is another conceptthat briefs well and is appealing 

to leaders who measure success in terms of only cost savings 

orconrse reductions. An excellent example niay be our attempt 

to embed CAS3 into the CCC without increasing the course 

Mav 2001 

length. Practical exercises that require students to progress 

through stages of the military decision-making process are 

included in both the CCC and CAS3 Course subjects like the 

military decision-making process clearly require repetitive 

training forst~~dents to gain insight andachieve a higherdegree 

of understanding. The tough call between wasteful and 

redundant training versus the benefit of reinforced training 

cannot be assumcd away as we press forward with transfor~natioti.As CAS3 is embedded into thcCCC, we alsoaccept 

il reduction in the experience and glade ofthe trainer. Originally. 

and almost exclusively, formel- battalion comrnandcrs trained 

CAS.? students. It is still taught by experienced field-grade 

officers. so even if tlie tasks are carried over to a different 

course, we will lose sonlcof rhe wisdom and experience as the 

instructors change fmtn lieutenant colonels to capraios. It is 

i~npossihle todirectly measure hen: much will be lost due totlie 

structure channe. 

Another concern, and one of the key facets of current 

proposals, is the implementation of rigorous entrance 

requirements. Opcl-ational units are husy. Adding morc 

requirements to officers while they are full!, engaged is a 

tempting in]-get, hut the dangerous i~nplicntions of this XI-e 

ohvious. Even if officers and their units are ablc to make the 

time for distance learning or Web-hased courses to bc completed. there is little :lrgument that these courses are generally 

not as reuaarding or beneficial as classes taught under the 

traditional desi@ri. We will make this transition, but care must 

be exercised to ensure that we convcrt the corrcct number and 

type ofcourses todistance lear~iing. Some training. leadership 

and comiinand-climate classes, for example. require the 

interaction of a diverse group lo really gain the insights 

necessal-y for a student to benefit. 

Challenges 

Today's military missions a~ld operational and strategic 

policies dictate that we produce skilled. selfconfident. adaptive lenders who can win on any 

bal~lefield~t~>ss thc full spectrum of conflict. Focused, tailored 

training is key, whethcr it is preresident. resident, 01-

postresident training. Providing expertly packaged. more 

Crcquent training for shorter periods :illows the mind to better 

absorb and understand concepts and, overall, incl-ease rctention. 

Incorporating the key learning elements-visual, auditory, and 

kinesthetic (hands-on practical exercises)-into training 

improves overall learning as well. This can he acconiplished 

best by providing the right co~nhination of distributive-lcarning 

~nultimedia technology and capitalizing on combat-trainingcentcrand unit training. Ourchallenge will be to wisely use the 

limited resources we have to develop the most effective and 

itinov:~tive training feasible. We must incorporate the 

fundamental learning concepts while keeping the concerns 

presented on the forefront. The ongoing analysis and design 

of oul- distributive-learning plan, and lcvelxging the ilse of 

technology to improve training, are therefore esseoti;ll to 

successfi~lly transfol-ni our educational system and ensu1.e tliat 

we nxxintain the lnost realistic and challenging traitling possible. 

07,qnerr 47 
Col(?rrrI Roi\orr is lire Director qf Trriiriiir~iif fhe Er~yirreer 

School. A ,ti~ririer cornmoiide~r of the l/jrl~/5411i Fr~yirrrer 

Bnfriiliori in Garr~rnri?.. he ol.so sen:ed 1t.ir1i flie 7111. 52r1. fm(l 

299rli Eri~iitcrr l~otr~ilions an0 wn.s liri a.r.si.sfnrzrlrrqf'swr qf 

ri~rrrl~erniificsfit IlJesr Point. COL ROII.[UIis ii grnrlrmre rr/rlir 

Ann! Ilinr Cr~llex~ aird hn1rl.s u ,iio.sfc,r:s in ol~c~rofioriso.sr,orr.h

,f-om GPOI~;<I Tecli Urri~~(~r.~i~orrd o mavier\ in niilirii,? scin~ce 

fi-,1111 lire Cr)rr~rn(~~~~l (!rid GrnornrI Sf(~flCo1le~~. 

fil~jor .Ycl~i,rr,r is (I .s~n~~/I-,qr(~~i/~ l(~cr0er for r11e E~l,yirz(,er 

Ofli(.e~-Acl~~u~irrd Corr~sr of !lie EIIB~IZ~L'I- ScIr(io1. A for71rer

curiiriinir(1e~r~fM94tIr E11,qinec-r Comhor Barrolioir (HP~I?.) in 

iDis.se~riinntiirg Terrain Do!(!.coiriii~iri,r/fir~np(i,qr 17) 

heavy-equipment transports (HETs). mo~inp map dihplays 

in cockpits of helicopters. inteprated tei~tiin display systems 

in armored \chicles. and backpachcd soldier systems. 

Ope~uors of these systems \i'ill be able to overlay operational erapliics. ureather data. fricndly and suspected1 

known enemy locations. or even weapons fa~lh on this 

accul.:ltc digital terrain data that is managed by the terrain 

teem down as low 21s the maneuver-bripxde level. 

ARerrvarfighte~.s hale the digital terr;~in data. they will use Cer-inrrrry he also sei.i'rd os (111 ~17:iri(,ei. oh,i~r~~er/c~~~irolle~- the Joint Mapping Tool Kit (JMTK) orT;lcticai Mapping Tool 

(11 tha Corriboi Mn~lerr~zer- Cerrrrr. Trc~iiri~i,q nrrrl ~l,ith tllr 130th 

FIiigii~err Briqndr orzd rlrc 4111 E!igiiri~er Boiiiilioil. Mrrjor 

.Sclic~i-et-holrl, ir hocliel~i-~s in (iii!(~rrl(~ii~.c rcc/rr~,~/o,q~ rind 

r~rurrogerrr~rrffio~~~ Il,?ksfrm Michi,qinr b',iiver-sir\: LI

C(,mments con be sent to the authors at 

Kit (TMTK) ailhill the ABCS to inilnipulate and display the 

data. The Digital Topographic Support System IDTSS) tel-rain 

analysts will manage the data antl database and establish the 

CTOE at the division and brigade levels. At the battalion le\el. 

the operations scction performs these taskc. The senior enpincer 

officer, the terrain-visuali7i~tion expert. ail1 contiiiue to assist 

Roiini(jF?vood.nrr~~!:i~ril or Sclrerr,rl@~~~oodnrri~~.rr~i/.withestablishing mid maintainingthe CTOE. He \\ill work with 

Endnote: 

As command;lnt of the Command and General Staff 

College 19 19-2 1 ;ColonelIBrigildier General (tenrporary) McNair 

initiated changes that prepared the college's graduares to meet 

the upcoming clialle~~ges of World War 11. In 1939, I8 years 

after serving as an instructor at the General Ser\.ice School at 

Fa11 Lea\,enwoi-th, Kansas-during which time he graduated 

tiolri the Army School of the Line-he returned to Fort 

1-eavenworth to reform antl update the instruction. In 1942, as 

a lieutenant eeneral (temporary). he waq designated 

Commanding General. Arrny Ground Forces. Once he was 

satisfied that tile Army could operate in lar~e bodies. lie concentrated on re\ising training to sirnulate the conditions that 

the Almy was facing in North Africa. GeneralMcNair, known 

as .'educator of the Army" and trainer of some three million 

troops. a-as about to take corninand of Allied ground forces in 

Europe under Eisenhower, when he was killed in combat in 

Normandy on 25 July 1944. Ancr his death. it was said of 

Lieutenant General McNair that hedid more than twin inen; he 

realized that no army could be fully effective unless it was 

properly or$anizeil, correctly equipped. adequately led, and 

completely trained. His insistence on these fundamentals, 

especially realistic [raining, helped save untold thousands of 

American lives. Because there has been no compilation of his 

papers, no biography has been written about General McNair 

to help him beco~rre known to the country that he loved and 

served. In 1954. Congress pl-omotcd hini posthumously to the 

rankof general. 

the commnnderand qtaffto define the types of terrain data and 

detail of terrain analysis needed based on the planning 

rzquircments of the unit being supported. 

What Types of Data Does the Concept Corer? 

Scve~al types of digital terrain data are requircd by he 

ABCS. weapon platforms. and land warriors to 

\.isualize an area of interest. Weapon platiorrns and the 

Ia~~rl-warrior system must identify the specific terrain-data 

requirements for foundation data and MSDSs. This aniclc 

describes the estahlishcd implementation plan for the 

dissemination of di~ital terrain data. While the concept and 

implementatioil plan appear sound, it depends on several 

developing syaterns and cayabilities (such as the .I\BCS. the 

GBS, the JMTK, and the TMTK) that have yet to be tested in a 

full-up rcalistic training exercise. The devil is in the details. The 

role of engineer officers and terrain technicians is to help 

warfighters uriderstand the FD Concept. establish a CTOE, 

and get digital terrain data to battle-command systems. \\'capon 

platforms, and Land Waf-riors within their organizations. Y 

Mi: Riill)/?M. F~i.il!is rhe deprrfy rli~rcr(~r- ofrl~e 7-RADOC 

Pwyrrim /II~PQI-U~~OII 0fTice.fi)i- 7iO.i~rin Dnr~ ITPIO-TD). lle 

was 1)re~:ioiiish (I seizior- .s~sr~~~~s-i~ite,qrciii(~~i eyirlrc,r for 

Lockl~eerl iMrii-lir7 C(~lp(~mfi(I17 oilfl C<~lil/>~fer Scierrcrs Corporntion. Mi: Ent.iri ho1rl.s a rlrgree in morirarnnri~~s fivm 

Camerati Urriversity in Lmr:ron. Oklohn,rrn. 

for requesting the mine-awareness video is incorrect. It 

should be Douglas.Langrehr~polk-emh2.army.mil. 
The Adaptive Engineer Leader 

As leaders and managers face rapidly challging environments and cil-cumstances-at a pace acceleraled 

by thedramatic infux of infonnation that literallyassails 

dccis~\,nmakers in the digital age-the sealrh for new methods 

leads to a rethinking of leadel-ship approaches needed to exercise command and control in our iilcreasingly infomlationoriented Arn~y. 

Adaptive leadership postulates an approach that hest fbsters 

success in today's environment. In this article. 1 will define 

adaptive Icadership, identify why it is useful forenginccrs, and 

identify some strategies that we can use to help nurture and 

grow adaptive leaders. 

Defining Adaptive Leadership 

There are a great many views on adaptive leadership 

within the literature. According to the Center of Army 

Leadership, an adaptive leader is-

"A leader who can influence people-by providing 

purpose, direction, and motivation-while operarirrg in a 

complc.~,dynamic environment ofuncertaint?jand ambigui* L toaccomplirh the mission and improving the orgarzizatron."'

A major characteristic of adaptive leadership is the 

internalization and application of adaptive thinking. Adaptive 

thinkins is thc key to the art rather than the science of war, 

Adaptive thinking is characterized byThc ability to react to unexpected changes during 

operations. 

Knowing how to think lather than what to think. 

The ability to attain a ~noltidisciplinaryconceptualization 

of battlefield events and use this undel-standing to decide 

and act.' 

In addition to these views on adaptive leadership and 

thinking, FTvl22-100,A,n7~lcndenhip, identifies four leadership 

skills that define thc adaptive leader: 

m Interpel-sonal -dei~lingwith peoplc. 

Conceptual -handling ideas and information 

Technical -employing job-related abilities 

Tactical -solving unit conlbat problems.' 

Maxitllizing these skills within the context of adaptive 

thinking, it is evidenl that adaptive leaders are pn~activeand 

exert intluence over their enviuonment, not merely reacting to 

situations. Adaptive leaders use available information and thcir 

knowledge of their units to generate creative solutions to 

complex problems. By encouraging innovation and junior 

leadedsoldier involvement in solving problems (rather than 

merely dictating top-down solutions), they create the 

conditions whel-e their units actually grow and get stronger 

while meeting challenges. 

But how does adaptivc leadership apply to the engineer 

leader? Arguably, engineers traditionally perform well-defined 

lasks and missions. Our success is often predicated on what 

some consider near-mechanical execution. 

Do we need adaptive leaders? To see a need for adaptive 

leadership and the need to de\,elop adaptive leaders, wc must 

identify the changing environment and situations that face our 

engineer leaders and then see how adaptivc leadership car1 

help. 

Mu!. 2001 Engineer 49 
The Engineer Challenge 

I

f Army engineers only had to deal with their missiontraining-plan-based tasks. then our need for adaptive 

leadership would perhaps be limited. All we'd need to do 

is train each soldier and subordinate lcader to be a cog in a 

well-oiled machine. Most engineers would only embark upon 

tasks within the limits oftheirtechnical specialty. Combat-heavy 

engineers perform construction. Sappers prepare to breach and 

conduct demolitions. Perhaps an over-simplification. hut by 

atid large. engineers have often occupied and acted within a 

very well-defined and highly evolved niche within the military 

organization-deliberate operations in highly static environments that intentionally nlinimizea~nhiguity. 

Today's reality isdilTe1-ent. Today, we ask much more ofour 

engineer leaders. We face innumerable and often conflicting 

challenges. Given the nature of small-scale contingencies (SSCs) 

and stability and support operations (SASOs). the same unit 

that must be expert in conductinp the combined-anns breach 

must also be able to rapidly transition to rough vet-tical 

construction. Sappers who normally train u,itli amine detector 

find themselves huilding tent pads. 

Few branches in our Army face more diverse challenges 

within the contcxt of a single operation than the Engineer 

Regiment. Typically working with ad hoc units that are 

combined. joint. multicomponent. and include both lnilitary 

personnel and civi1i;lns. Amy engineers are expected to face 

ch~lllenges as diverse as minefield clearing to demolitions to 

road constn~ction. Engineers are expected to be troop leaders. 

technicians, diplomats, financiers. and moralists. Any examination of the role of engineers within SSCs and SASOs 

reveals that eneineers are asked to "stepup to the plate" across 

the spectrum of combat, combat-support. and combat-servicesuppol1 functions. 

Consider engineer operations in places such as Haiti or the 

Balkans. Aside from being prepared to conduct coo~bined-arms 

operations before deploy~nent, tlie same 

engineer leaders are thrust into situations 

where they must execute thc full range of 

cngineer missions. often with soldiers who 

are not routinely trained in the tasks. They 

work lines orcommunication, devslop forceprotection measures. oversee denlining operations. and buildldesign bridges. They must 

do this in rapidly changing and often 

unpredictable environments-m\.ironmenrs 

with multiple tlegl-ees of freedom that include 

competing objectives and pressures from 

nongovcromental and governmental agencies, tribal and ethnic groups, and often lesstlxtn-unified coalition fol-ces. 

Adaptive leaders use a mix of 

interpersonal, conceptual, 

technical, and tactical skills. 

Engineer leaders and units must have an ability to change 

to meet the mission, to learn new skills and grow to the 

occasion. Success requires leaders who are able to deal with 

ambiguity by applying initiative within intent. 

Training Adaptive Engineer Leaders 

Engineers must consciously work to devslop adaptive 

leaders. There are initiatives in place to integrate 

adaptive thinking and techniques into the fonnal Officer 

and NCO Education Systems. However, units currently have 

an opportunity to help develop adaptive leaders and adaptive 

thinking through imaginative use of their existing training 

programs. 

Adaptiveness requires leader versatility. Nowhere is this 

more certain than in the engineel-s. Unfortunately, wc often do 

not spend time developing versatility. Rather, engineer units 

often intentionally nanaw their training focus. The drive toward 

specialization-perhaps overspecialization-is strong, 

particularly when so many of our units occupy "one-mission 

niches" in training environments such as the comb;~t-training 

centers. 

We do a areat job of developing leadcrs within these particular niches-so much so that leaders often see themselves 

as specialists rather than gaining the hl-eadth required of the 

generalist. Often jonior engineer officers perceive themselves ;IS "construction types." "topo experts." or "sappers 

only." NCO leaders-who by necessity and military occupational specialty are expected to have a greater degree of 

specialization-are also bound by their experiences. Yet, we 

niust develop leaders who are fi~miliar mritli tlie broad range of 

skills expected in SSCs and SASO. 

Outside the unit. it is possible to expect service schools to 

build curricula that prol'ide greater breadth. Versatility is also 

developed through a career of varied assignments. Yet, leaders 

at battalion level and below can use their own resources to develop the \:ersntility and flexibility that define adaptive leaders. 

50 Eli,.~~117eel- MCI?2001 
"Adaptiveness requires leader versatility. Nowhere 


is this more certain than in the engineers." 


One method is through a carefully orchestrated unit 

proiessional-de\,elopment ]~rogram. Varying subjects and 

resisting the urge to focus pn~fessional development strictly 

on s1to1.t-horii.on unit reouirements can build ;i degree of 

LCL~~ILLL~~~ a11c1 IGICUL~LL vt-~\rru~~~.. rur t.nrl!llyls, rilppcr uullr LUL 

dedicate occasional professional de\:elopment to constructionlhhanagenlent techniques while comhot-heavy units can expose 

their lez~ders to obstacle planning. 

Traditional professional-deuelop~ncntprograms, normally 

2 to 3 hours per month. inay not be enough. Consider the 

benefits of encouraging and supporting more tirne-intensive 

individual-devclop~nent programs. In order to be :I \access. 

suppon needs tocorne with resources in both time and funding 

and a ntethod to accur:~tely asess and monitor progress. 

Vhrying missions, particularly in home-station training, can 

actively develop versatility. Volunteer to build ;I concrcternasonry-unit building if you are a sappcr unit. Constroct 

obstacles and emplace the occasional minefield for thc local 

personnel onit if yot~ lci~d a unit with a co~i?~~iunicationsmnc 

Brigade Combat Team at Fort Lewis is to haue a series of 

seminars and discussion periods based around vignettes that 

challenge tlie leader's ability to develop adaptive thinking. The 

vinnettec :,re no1 rocttsed on on.- rank nr lcvpl of command 

Metitorship and coaching pl;ly a key role in developing 

adaptive thinking. In developing adaptive leaders. Inentor 

iil\,olvnient lnust go bcyond conducting nitel--action reviews 

and evaluating post-c\rent perforin;~nce. To maximize effectiveness. Inentorc rnust not only pn>vide infor~iiation and 

traditional i'cedhack but also take on the rolc of coach and 

even icllow learnel This rolc is enhanced by the use of 

techniques such as scaffolding ' to iiitrotluce neu, concepts. 

Scafl'olding is the selective and incremcntnl insertion of 

information ;\I critical times during the problem-solving 

process Thc effect is a continunm of feedback during the 

tr:~ining euent that leads the audience in workins through tlic 

dilenimas encotintered. 

focus. 

Other nontr;~ditional approaches can include progra~ns such 

as tlie 555th Combat Engineer Group's Junior Officer Distl-ict 

Intern Program (see aniclc. El~gini,i,r, Octobel-2000, page 34). 

The Fort Lcwis. Washington, program places junior officers 

with engineel-districts for 3 to 4 weeks at a time. Not only is 

technical versatility fostered, but the junior officers also get [(I 

work with various groups to include Corps civilians and 

contractors, thus expanding i~~terpersonalnd conceptual skills. 

Perhaps a grcatel-challenge is creating the conditions where 

leader? can develop the interpersonal atld conceptual skills 

necessary to foster adaptive thinking. Using the spectrum of 

unit events iron1 field exercises to discussions based around 

\,ifnettes. junior leaders arc exposed to evolving situ:itions 

thltt are carefully varied to present leaders with carefi~lly 

escalating complexity and dilcmmas. 

While oftcn trying to isolate the technicalltacticel reqniretnents of an event, an observation is th;tt many homestatio~t cxcrcises arc esse~ltially oriented around bltttle drills 

and are stripped oitllecomplcxity juniorlcadcrs will routinely 

face during an SSC or SASO. Co~nma~~de~s should strongly 

considertlie be~hcfit gained from building increa~ed ambiguity 

and asymmetric threats into their tl-;lining scenarios. Filctol-s to 

consider include introducing the media, nongovernme~~lal 

organi7;ltions. force-protection issues, iniorm:aion operations, 

Active Cornpo~~entiReserve Component integration, and 

refugees. In addition, situations that challenge our Army Values 

will cause leaders to give greater thought to their actions. 

Exercises do not need to he resource-intensive field exercises. One technique that is used successfully in the Initial 

Summary 

This articlc is a cursory effort to stimulate thought on 

adaptive leadership and how it may apply to 

engineer leaders. Clearly. the Rezinicnt lhas a need to 

full! embrace adaptive thinking and must do so. Through 

adaptive leadersliip, units will be able to moreeffectiuely meet 

tlie challenges of tod;iy's rapidly cliangi~lg environments. 

However. units need not wait for :I top-down guidance oil 

developing adaptive leaders. Rnthe~: Iradcrs at ;ill levels shoold 

seek to understa~~d adaptive thinking and work to ir~tegrate it 

into their training and proiessional-development programs. 

Id 


A 1981 griidunti, of I/I(J Unired Srcirrs Miliior-y Ai.orl<~rm: 

Lielftrnonr Colonri Toornc!. ronriirorrded rh(, 14tit Combrrr 

Err~ii~eri- Borrnlioi~ orld now .se~-l~cs oc Cl~ief C4ISR/Bnnle 

Cisn~i~o~~d with tlre Ar~riy .) F(117.\:fi)r.rn(lfi01i T~isk Force. 

Endnotes: 

"'Defininp Adaptive Leaders in the Slrikc Folce E~~virnnment: 

THE ENDSTATE -A Doctrinal Apprr~ilch." draft. 10 May 1999. 

p. 8. 

'Dr. KnrolG. ROSY,"T~iiniilg Ad;~ptiveI.e;~ders. Arc WeReady'?." 

F;<,lr.M Arril/<xt). Jorrnrol. Sepleniher-Octoher 2000. p. 16. 

FM 22-i00. Ai.,rz? L~~~~r/~~,:rl,i~~. For1 Lea\,enwonh. K'IIIS~~S: U..

Arlny Combined Ar~is Center. 31 August 1999. pp. 2-25. 

Ross, p. 16. 
%7q11$m~nr[7g'itlq 

'7rlqri-lmrnv76 9 1, ,-I , 11lly9fl~~

One Stell 

at a, Time 

I

n this day anil age of Army Tnnsfonni~tion, how do you lethal. inrvivablc, and snst;iinahle" (fc>ur oithe hro;ld goals of 

transform its largest forwalrl-dcploycd engineer brigadc? Ar~rry Transfonrratio~i) during the executio~i of tlrese nrissions. 

The answer is-one step at a tinre. with existing equipnrent (iur stmng reliance on rail or sea movement prevented us from 

but neu.. deployahle packages. The task ~~I't~nnsf~~r~iiing U.S. heing "responsive and deployable"-- two key ingredients in 

Army Eumpe (USARELJR) and V Co~ps's 130th Engineer Brigade 

might seem to be quite o\'erwhclming. The brigade's roots arc 

firnily entrcnciied iii the Gen-tailorcdlcral Defc~ise Plan days of Germany's 

forward-deployed Iica\;y divisiotls. In tl~ose days, units didn't 

ha\'e to hestrategically responsive or rapidly deployable beyond 

border asse~irbly areas in eastern Germany. 

As :I ~ne~nher of the Legacy Force serving in the "Cnntainment Corps." it will be scveral years hefore any of the revolutioilary advances in technolo:y or equipnient evolving in 

the 11itcritir Force at Fort Lewis. Wnshington, or the Digitized 

Corps at Fort Hood. Texas, appear in Europe. While several 

initiatives are taking place in engineer struct~~res within our 

ne\+ Interim and Objective Forces. as well as potential changes 

to the current divisional force. tlrc current echelon-;~bovedivision Legacy Force is not expected to change for the next 6 

to I0 years. Change must co~ne through creating a deployment 

mind-sct in cvcry soldier; modilying IILIScap:~bility packages 

with existing doctrine. equipment, and manning; and forcing 

our units to he trained and ready in task-organized, modular. 

mission-tailorcd-t~iorepackages. 

In the last 6 years. each unit of the 130th expel-ienced nillltiple 

deploy~nents to the Balkans for extended rotations. Shorter 

ileployments have stretched throughout tlre European 

Command's (EUCOM's) Y8-country a]-ea of responsihilityfrom Former Eastz1.n Bloc countries to humirnitarian ~irissions 

in Africa and tlie C:~ucasus. In the past year alone. the1 30th'~ 

soldiers and units deployed to sexn countries, so~neti~rres 

with only a fe\\,day3s notice. Each time we deployed, whether 

alonc as e11gince1-s or as a member of a co~iibir~ed-arms force, 

our engineers lrad to rush to form nondoctrinnl ad hoe teams 

that were traincd and resourced at the last ininute to meet the 

spccific mission reqnirements. Although we were "versatile. 

the Tr;msforrnation philosophy. While highly trained and 

tailored for a variety of high-intensity or peacekeeping 

missiuns. our ecliclon-above-division assets have becn 

hesitant to adapt to rapidly deployable. airlifr-configured 

modular packages to be on the gmund ulren thc inission was 

received. 

Force-Enhancement Modules 

11 response to a call to create a I-apidly deployable eal-lyentry force in 1999, USAREUK developed tlre l~ir~rrediate IReady Force (IRF) conhisting of the MI-based Heavy 

Imnlediate Ready Conipany (HIRC), the M I I I-based Medium 

Ill~nlediate Ready Compliiy (MIRC). and four unique-Cunction 

"plug-and-play" Fc~~ce-E~iliance~nent Modolcs (FEMs). The 

purpose ol.tlie FEMs is to provide tailored capabilities ful- tlie 

IRF to perform its mission in a variety of environments. The 

IRF and the supporting FEMs are not neur units but new 

capabilities, designedaround rotational BrigadeColnbat Teams 

fronr tlre two USAKEUK divisions. Building on intratlieater 

airlift, the IRF and the FEMs are designed to move on C-130\ 

organic to the theater with designated pre-positioned equip~nclrt 

warehoused at USAREUK's Deployment Processing Center in 

Ramstein. A deployment timeline of 7 days involves unit 

notific;~tion, movement to the deployment site, deploy~ne~it 

processing. ibsuance of contractor-maintainetl eqi~ipmcnt. and 

air-load and transit on C- 130 airlift Unfortnnateiy, this relatively 

new concept was limited to divisional capabilities and did not 

include a role lo]- tlie 130th Engineer Brigade in its present 

state. how eve^: it provided tlre catalyst to begin rhe long road 

toward Transformation. 

The l30Lh Engineer Brigade has pnlposed several FEMs to 

meet the needs of tlie IRF or to scrve as stand-alone packages 
"...while this initiative is not revolutionary or recommended as 

a permanent modification to our engineer force structure, it is 

the way that our brigade must adapt to meet the changing role 

of our forward-deployed units in USAREUR." 

L L 

for other Southern European Task Force (SETAP), USAREUR, 

or EUCOhl missions. We have eagerly taken this first step 

towardTranafo~-niation by simply packagingourexisting forces 

and equipnlent itito small. responsive, capable. deployable, 

agile. and versatile FEMs. This first step doesn't call for 

sweeping modified table of organi~ation and equipment 

iblTOE) changes or force-structure manipulations. It siniply 

helps us put plans on the shelf to establish training and 

rnovelilent packagcs. integvate members of several units into 

one cohesive and focused team, and build a spirit of readiness 

st~ddeployability in our everyday routine. All FEM equipment 

is located at the honie station, and FEM soldiers from various 

units are battle-rostered and trained in both the FE.M mission 

and the deploynient process. No personnel will be put on a 

heightened alert posture until a EUCOM warning order or 

deployment scenario is imminent. Once a quarter. each FEM 

will be processed through the USAREUR Deployment 

Processing Center with possible training missions via C-130 

airlift conductedas pan of a deployment or training exercise. 

A critical piece of the 130th Engineer Brigade FEMs is thc 

Tele-Engineering Suite conlmunication package. This two-pan 

package purchased from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg. Mississippi, will 

accompany any deployed FEM. The nondeployable "base 

station" will be collocated with the sending battalion, and the 

deployable "suitcase" package enables secure communication 

anywhere in the world via satellite. The deployable package. 

which can run off of a high-mobility. multipurpose wheeled 

vehicle (HMMWV) batte~y, includes the ability to transmit not 

only voice. e-mail, and computer data but also conduct live, 

real-time video teleconferencing and send pretaped videos to 

the home station. The stand-alone nature ofthe package allows 

reach-back analysis. design, or technical expenise from the 

supporting battalion without any dependence on remotelocation or IRFcommunication. Just recently, the 94thEngineer 

Battalion successfully incorporated the Tele-Engineering Suite 

on a reconnoiter to Mozambique. In addition, the TeleEngineering Suite provides connection to the three Corps of 

EngineersLaboratories located in the Continental United States. 

Fach of our battalions carefully developed unique FEMs based 

on four major disciplines of our Regiment: cornbat engineering, 

constmction, bridging, and topography. The following articles 

from three battalions in the 130th Engineer Brigade-the 94th. 

the 54th. and the 565th-provide more detail on how each 

battalion is meeting the Transfomiation intent as well as insight 

for other units' professional development. Iris important to point 

out that while this initiative is notrevolutionary or recommended 

as a permanent ~nodification to our engineer force structure, it is 

the way that our brigade must adapt to meet the changing role of 

our fol?\,ard-deployedunits in USAREUR. lfwe hop: to be valueadded to our manewer con~mands, Amy engineers have to be 

the "phone call of fint choice"over validated contractor capability 

or already-tailored sister services. While echelon-above-division 

force structut-e and equipment modifications are years a\vay, this 

brigade is not going to wait to meet the culTent Amy Vision and 

the Transformation process. Readiness, versatility. agili~y. and 

responsiveness are more mind-sets and battle cries than a<ijectives 

derived from your MTOE. Unit Status Repoll. or alert posturethei-eal Transfomiation we need toniakeas engineen is to become 

mow relevant vir/<7?with the tools and structures u:e lia\:e on 

hand. Internalizing that mind-set is the hardest step down the 

road of the twenty-first-century engineer-ne that this bl-igade 

is going to take. one step at a time. 

TheRoadAhead 

Each time the heavy fol-ce of the 130th Engineer 

Brigade has deployed, we haw experienccd our share 

of growing pains and challenges. Teams 11a1'r been 

made, trains have heen loaded, and the mission ha.%been 

accomplished-but only through a great deal of stress, hard 

work. and nonstandard operations. Our new standardized EM 

concept will reduce those growing pains and allour us to be 

more responsive in the future. We have already taken several 

steps toward implementation of the brigade's FEM concept. 

The V Corps commander and deputy commander. u'ho were 

briered in January. observed four of the actual FEM tenms 

(members and equipment) and approved iniplementation of the 

concept. Coordination has been ongoing with CSAREUR 

deployment staffs and the EUCOM J4 engineer shop on the 

enhanced capabilities. 

FEMs will be activated in two bands: the first series will be the 

Medium Consm~ction EM, the Survey FEM. the Temiin-Analysis 

FEM. and the Engineer Reconnaissance EM. Others will follow 

later in the year. Initial focus for the second and thirdqualters will 

he finalizing the teams. developing training and deployment 

procedures, and receiving suppo~.ting equipment. 

Mnv 2001 Eriginrn- i3 
The 54th Engineer Battalion is currently training soldiers on 

t1ieminiflails.TheTele-EngineeringSuite ;inived in thehrigade 

in February. HMMWV shelters were procured for theTemainAnalysis and Survey FEhls in M:~rch, and the Panthers arrived 

in April. The final validatioli of the four FEMs will be 

progr;lrnmecl for early sulnrr~er tlvougli tlie normal 1RFvalidation 

cxercise held by USAREUR at the Deployment Proccssing 

Center. The b~igade is cu~~ently sccking EUCOM and USAREUR 

preh~nded missions throughout Europe and Africa to allow full 

exercise and validation of the concept. 

This firststepoflailoredEEMs withexistin: troopstluctures. 

PI-edominantly MTOE equipment. and resourcetl training and 

deployn~el~t packages is oul- way of putting our brigade on the 

road to Transformation. This brizade must meet tlie goals and 

intent of the Army Vision. as well as lhe @oals and intent ofthe 

USAREUR and V Corps commanders, to levera,oc the Cull 

potential of our outstanding soldiers and units. While 

continuing to be an active player in future engineer forcc 

structure and equipment initiatives within tlie engineer 

community, we will attempt 1'0 do everything in our power lo 

~iieetthe standards ofquicker deployment and smaller, tailored. 

air-delivered packagcs wlieli the EUCOM and USAREUR 

commanders needour services. Our brigadc needs FEMs. Our 

Regimen1 nccds to focus on leveraging those melnhers of the 

Le~acyForce to be relevant to today's I-cquirements-not stuck 

in tlie Fulda Gap of the 1980s. We need to take this one step at 

a time. Y 

Colo11c~1 Snr7oniie rorriin~111~1.s rile 1.<0117 Ot$iiirci- Nriga<lr.

H(inari. GEI.III(III?. 

Mitjor InChari(.r i, i/i<,S3 qfih~ l.<Oth Erl,~in<,rr RI-i,q<ide. 

94th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) u FEMs

131 Cci/>t(i~~i 131i(i18 BIII 11ri1~1k 

The 94th Engineer Battalion createtl three FEM 

packages to pnivide rapid. initial-elltry constl-oction 

capability until heavier, more rohu\t el~gineer forces 

can close on thearea of operation. These packafes can also he 

the sole response to less I-esource-intensi\,e contingency operations. The construction FEM packagcs introduce versatility 

and deployability that is normally not associated with cornbetheavy units. The constructioli FEMs pruvide maneuver 

commanders with a uoiquc c:qiahility utilizin,o construction 

assets with minimal impact 011 logistical resources. 

Three packages, each bniltling on the previous (or lcsseri 

one, make up the 94111's FEMs: light, n~cdium, and heavy. The 

table on pa:e 55 provides a sunlnrary oflhc packages and their 

capabilities and sotne sn~nple construction missions. 

The FEM p:lcliages utilize a wide range of constructionengineer equipment. This includes the MTOE-authorized 763 

Bobcat skid-steer loaden The Bobcat's special attachments 

(forklift. bucket, backhoe) pn)vide limited earthmoving and 

lifting capabilities. Each package also includes M998 

HMMWVs; M929A3 5-ton dumps trucks; various sets, kits, 

and outfits: standard intcprated cornmand-post shelters 

(SICPS); communications systems: surveying equipment: a 

shower unit: and a 5 kW genetxor. As the size of tlie EM 

package increases, so docs tlie construction capability. The 

1nedir1111package adds a hydraulic electric tool outfit (HETO) 

trailer with a 3.5 kW generator and numerous hydraulic tools. 

The heavy package has all eqilipment in the tnedilim package 

plus a FLU 419 small emplacement excavator (SEE) and two 

MI05 trailers. Depending on mission I-equirements. it is possible 

that the FEM pack:lge might include the hill of materials for 

A solcller orleis tne V Corps co~~nn.~nder on the 91th 

Enq~~iPcr Battallon s r.led~~m Conslructlon FEM package. 
I Construction FEM - 3 Packages 

Mode 

Time to DPC c96 hours 

Missim Duration 


Personnel 


Base-Camp Size 


,,,,,,k",* 

ill*rn,$ 

<N~mrw6#\ 

Missions A,,,,,.I /I ,,,, Lllllll" LllPcirlcdl ,",",PI 

W"II.7 Iln",,,ll,"n 

IllllllPll illdlllOi,l O,l.,~.,,i 

Med~urn 

c7 days 

L,,,,,~. ,.>",,,,>,,,. \*","'ls N*,a,rs "rn",, ,,,*,,*r 

srmlnito#~~.~o~esnt~O~~~~~ lce,:lllll~l~~lmt~a~#!~ 

1.,,,,,.,,,l,,lllll^ 

E " " 0 , 

Ce,,,,,nmaOl 

,&,,",I"',><,. 

M",C1",1,,",,," "0I"""V 

B*laI "mm,,,,o,,,~

..... . . . . . n"l/,Jms 

'Base camps 

stmciurer 

.,rluitip"~o3e 

facItrr

- MWR hCIIltIes 

' Ostent On tzci,t,el 

.HO"llnB 

.QA,OC 

.S"r"eyln.2 . . Materials testing 

94th Engineer Battalion Construction FEM 

pref:ihricated bunkers. guard rowers. tents. or latrines 

prccoiiligui~ed aiid st<)reiI iiih(~~iic-st;ltio~i wilreli~u~e~. 

With the lielp of the 110th Engiriccr Brizade. the 94th is 

currently consitlering addition;ll cquipnrent for thc FFM 

p;ichagrs. This cquipiiieut includes a 15-1011 tilt-bed trailer. 

wlrich is cxtrcinely uhcful iiitrai~sportingthe 763 Bobcat ;~nd 

other cqliipmciit and is small enough to fit on ;IC-130. Future 

pbns might in\'olvc the acquisition of t~:o C-130-dcployablc 

ID 4501550 doters to iiicre;~se the e;irtIinioviiig cnpnhilities c~f 

tlic heavy puckagc. 

'The potc~itial oftlic co~isrriiction FEMs is a more vcrsntile. 

clcployabie, illid capable enginccr constl-uction capability. 

Continued dcvclopment of tlic FEM package and the ndditio~i 

of new technology and equipment will make this uniclos 

USAREUR rapid-constroction c;~p;~bility acorripellin~comhat 

~ii~~lti~lier. 

1-800-BASECAMP. When the 94th Engineer Battalion gets 

called to provide humanitarian assistance to Mozambique 

during a severe flood, it is postured to respond almost 

immediately with a well-trained and -resourced team. The 

medium FEM package offers a diverse construction 

capability that flies soldiers and equipment downrange or 

worldwide within 7 days to build emergency life-support 

facilities. By incorporating FEMs into battalion deployment 

and training plans now, the unit can rapidly respond to 

EUCOM missions at least as expediently as our sister 

services. 

54th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Mechanized) FEMs 


R? i.ieirf~~i~iilr 

C 

C(ilr11ic1 Rill Rajq~ 

urrently. tlic combat-enpineer coiitribution to the 

I-apid-depl(~yment capability of USAREUR is tlre 

"Sapl>crFEM." This pickage consists of four M I13A.1 

;irinored personnel carriers and a I-ohotic. trailer-inouiite~l 

miniflail. A li~ie platoon Crnm the di\,ision:~l enginecr battalion 

oTthc "ready" Brigade Combat Team rotates monthly to pe~iorrn 

thc Sapper FEM niission. The platoon cotires to the fight with 

its risual complement of ANPSS 12 nine detectors, de~l~olitions 

kits. nnil seleclcil pioneer tools. This platoon har no specific 

tmining on robotic mine-clearing vehicles like llle minitlail and 

has thc trailling a~ii-lequipment necessary lo conduct only 

rudimcnlary. nondigital engineer rccon. 

Whilc the current SapperFEM provides the MlRC or HIRC 

cornm;~nder witli critical inobilily skills in ;In austere 

cnviroiiment. the package has scl.ioos shonct~nii~igs. In addition 

to sopportin$ USAREUR's IRE ttie 54111 Fngiiiecr Battalioii's 

relationship with SETAF h:ls generated severtil ncw 

rcquire~nents for enginccr Corces that cry out for rapidly 

dep1oy;lhle p~ckagcs ofcngi~ieer capability 1101 offered by its 

or~liniclight sapl>crdetnchiiient.nic intent oftlie 54th Enfi~iecr 

Battalion's Engineer Reconnaissance FEM and Cc,i~iite~.rninc 

FEM is to provide USAREUR's i~litial-entry klrcc will1 

;idditional toolsgre:aly needcdto facilitate folluw-on-lbrceent~y 

into EUCOM's areaofopc~.alionh. 
Equipment in the Engineer Reconnaisance FEM 

Engineer Reconnaissance FEM. In order to bring heavier 

forces into the area of responsibility. r;~pid but thorough recon 

of transportation infrastructure is essential. As USAREUR 

found when bringin8 forces into Kosovo through Albania in 

1999. detailed recon of routes, bridges. water c~ossings, and 

critical facilities is a first step in heavy-forceentl-y. That kindof 

recon. with the capability to send data and photos of critical 

structures hack to cxperts in hoth EUCOM and the U.S. Anny 

Corps of Engineers, does not currently exist as a planned 

package tor rapid deployment. The Engineer Reconnaissance 

FEM provides that capability on one C-I30 transport. 

The Engineer Reconnaissance FEM centers on a suite of 

automations and communications equipment known 

comniercially as the Pcnmap system, which is on hand in the 

54th Engineer B;lttalion. The following features, shown in the 

photo abovc. comprise this reconnaiss;tnce system. 

L'tser binoculars, called Vipers, attached to a .;tand;irtl 

precision lig11twei:ht Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver 

(PLGR), give PI-ecise grid coordinates of lased ohjects. The 

Viper's internal software package also computes bridge heights, 

facility widths, road slopes, and a host of other critical 

measurements. The Windows-based compute^-: currently loaded 

with Penmap softtware and with an associated Sultscrcen 

handheld display, allows the operator to write directly or1 a 

digital map of the area while simultaneously recording key 

~ne:tsurements ondigital for~ns. Digit;ll still and video cameras 

capture photographs of facilities and key structural members 

forreach-hackanalysis by nondeployed subject-matterexpens. 

All oithc digital infor~nation thus recorded-the measurements 

and images-can be transmitted thruugh both it standard 

Single-Channel. Ground-to-Air Radio System (SINCCARS) 

using DataBurst or th~ough the deployable Tele-Engineering 

Suite that will he part ofthe Enginecr Reconnaissance FEM. 

Six soldiers. two M99X HMMWVs. and one 314-ton trailer 

nlake up the base configuration oithc Engineer Reconnaissance 

FEM. An engineer lieutenant leads the team and is focusedon 

with the IRF leadership, tactical elnploylllent of 

the and logistics, T~~ scparatc teams, each led by 

,,, e,lgi,leer sergeant and assisted by a lnilita,.,, occupational 

specialty (~0s) 12~ snppel;condLlcttheactual reconmissions. 

A, MOS 31 u communications specialist pro\,ides the 

for the [ligital to subject.matter and 

highel- staffs, .rhe FEM is to eight sold,ers if an 

MOS 62N30 horizontal.constructiOn and U,S, *ir 

F~~~~~~)~,,b;~~ ~ control ~ T~~~~lnelnber arc needed for a more

detailed assessment of roads and airfields I-espectively. 

The co~~figurdtion and capabilities oT the Enginecr 

Rcconnaiss;~nce FEM provide a superior intelligence capability 

for the follow-on-force commander and planners.The 

Reconnaisrance System Suite of electronic tools can be easily 

adapted to vehicle or nun-packcd operation;ll recon, if required 

by the force, in addition to the standal-d engineer recon of 

trilnsportation infrastructure and terrain. The compttct size of 

the FEM is also its primary shortfall. It lacks heavy weapons 

and armor for self-protection and has o11ly minilnal sustainment 

The rniniflail will clear, neutralize, or otherwise destroy all types of surface-laid 

or shallow- buried antipersonnel mines. 

56 Enginper Mov 2001 
capahiliticc. I~li)wevcr. as part of :t 1;iqer- IRF ii~serrio~i. t111h

FEM provides tlre tools necessary for planners to bring in a 

more robust ground presence. 

Follow-On-Force Entry: As the Army transforms to be 

moredeployableand immediately salient totheCINCs, rapid 

assessment of the existing road, bridge, and airfield 

infrastructure in places like Albania or the flood-ravaged 

countryside of Mozambique will be the linchpin to 

successful heavy-force entry in coming years. 

Countermine FEM. While the Engineer Rcconnaissi~nce 

FEM is ready to deploy ~iow with all equipment on hand. the 

51th Engineer Battalion's Countermine FEM is an evolving 

pnckage dependent on fielding counten~iinc cqoipment to the 

unit. At itsend state. this FEMwill consist of a taii01-ed package 

centered on an enhanced sappel- platoon and robotic mine 

clearers. What makes this packape dirferent Trom tlie standard 

Sapper- FEM will he tlie inclusion or the Army's llewesl 

counter~nineequipri~ent.such as tlic H~ndlield Standoff MineDetection Sysrelii (HSTAMIDS), tlie follon,-on handheld minedetection system, and other equipment foulid in the 

Counternline Capabilities Set (CMCS). The 130th Engineer 

Brigade iscutrently working with t11cEngineerScliool to posture 

u CMCS in Europe as well as procurinp other cngincering 

countermine systcms. 

111July-Aug1tst200l, two MI Abr:~ms Panther[-obotic mine 

proofcrs will he fielded to the 54th Engineer Battalion for 

training ant1 possible support to the heavy company of tlie 

IRF, if needed. With the assets oftlie CMCS and robotic ]nine 

A soldier from the 54th 

Engineer Battalion demonstrates the capabilities of 

the Reconnaissance FEM, 

which includes Viper laser 

binoculars and digital still 

and video cameras. 

clearers. the 54th is postltrcd to 

beco~iie the countermine center 

of expertise lor contingency operations in EUCOM's area of 

responsibility. 

At pi-esent, A Compnny, 54th 


Engineer Battalion, possesses and 


is trained to use tlic miniflail mine 


clearer. As shown in the photo on 


page 56. the miniflail is a 


lightweight, self-propelled, robotic 


mine clearer designed to clear 


footpatlrs or small areas of anti-


personnel mines. Alrliougii the 


~ninillailscull-ently included in the 


Sapper FEM, long-term trailling 


proficiency and sithject-matter 


expertise are prel~ented by the 


tnor~thly rotalioti of units. The 130th Engineer Brigade is 


currently developing a proposal to align A Company soldiers 


as the permanent minitTail team inside USAREUR's Sapper FEM. 


As more components of tlie CMCS are procured stid tielded 

to the 54th Enpineer Battalio~l. a more robust, stantl-alone 

coutifermine package will hc created for co~~tingcncy 

operations. Eventually, this will hecon~e a s;lpper platoon 

capable of pmviding point and lane coutitermine support to 

both combat forces like tlie IRF ;,rid contingencies in lowintensity environments. such as emha<sy support and 

assistance to humanitarian-relief missions in disputed regions. 

. Countermine Experts: When the 1st Armored Division 


Engineer Brigade's task force deployed to Bosnia in the 


winter of 1996, the54th Engineer Battalionwasoneof three 


engineer battalions to conduct initial-entry operations in 


the Zone of Separation. Throughout the early '90s. the 


battalion had served as USAREUR's countermine experts, 


proficient on several fielded systems that had very unique 


capabilities not present ortrained in thedivisional battalions. 


On countless occasions, small trained packages of unique 


capabilityweredeployedtoperformcounterminemissions 

using specially tailored equipment.This FEM reestablishes 

that subject-matter expertise in a dedicated unit having 

rapidly deployable, trained teams with unique systems 

needed to support maneuver commanders. 

Y 

Li~iiier~nrrt Colonel Ifnj~pc.on~n~o~~c/,sIIP 5411~Of,$ 
 'inerr'

Btitritlioi7. Anrnhc,r:y. G~nnni~!: 


I 
565th Engineer Battalion FEMs 

The 565th Ensineer B:~ttalion has a unique structure 

that gives us the flexibility to develop di\,erse 

cnginecr modules. The battalion consists of three 

sep,mte e~lgi~leer companies: the 38th Engineer Company 

(Medium Girder Blidfe [MGB]). the 320th Enpineel-Company 

(Topographic), and the 502d Enyineer Company (Assault Float 

Bridge [A178]). With these companicc. we developed four 

different FEMs to expand engineer support to the USAREUR 

IRF or to the SET.AFcomma~lder. 

The four engineer teams include two topographic teams 

and t~o bridping te:ims. The topopraphic teams are a surlrey 

module and a terrain-analysis module. The brideins teams arc 

a fixed-bridge reconnaissanceihritlge-constmction module and 

a float-bridge rafting module. All teams use existine equipment 

ant1 soldieri within the battalion. The only additio~~alequipn~ent 

required is the 130th Engineer Brigade's deployshle TeleEnzinee~.ing Suite. 

Survey FEhI. The nlission of the survey module (Table 1 ) is 

to deploy. on order. within the EUCOM area of responsibility . . 

to provitle sorvey control points, conduct ;iirTicld surveys. and The Survey FEM provides survey control points, con. 

provide pailits for map orthorectific:~tion. Artillery and air- ducts airfield surveys; and provides points for map 

defense units ~isc thcse very accurate survey control points 10 orthorectification. 

cnlihrate their positioning systems befort firing. This is 

especi:llly importarit when operating in ;In en\.ironment where National Imagery and Mapping Agency can develop milita~y 

civilians are present. 	 maps l'rom satcllitc irnagel-y. The survey team operates from a 

In undeveloped areas. the survey team can lay out airfields specially configured HMMWV Inodeled after the Dipital 

andpro~ideaviatorswith obstruction data Tor the airfield. Since Topographic Support System-Survey (DTSS-S). which is still 

topographic land maps do not exist in many areas of EUCOM. in the coiicepl stngc of fielding. 

the sur\.ey team \?ill estahlish control points with which the 

Life Flights: After more flooding in several 

African countries, the United States Agency for 

International Development starts food and 

Survey 	 medical supply shipments via C-130 aircraft. 

Before the aircraft arrive, the Survey FEM has 

Personnel - Euuivmenl established survey controls on numerous dirt 

Surveyor 1 x M998 vilh shelter and SINCGARS airstrips sothe C-130s can land and deliver their 

1 x SSG 82D30 I 1 x Laptop computer ~4th printer much-needed cargo. 

Surveyor DTSS-S;: 1 x General-purpose (GP), small tent 


1 x SGT 82D2O 4 x Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) 


Surveyor 2 x Night-vision goggles (NVGs) Terrain-Analysis FEbI. The terrain-analysis 

2 x SPC 82D10 1 2 x Total station (survey - AISI) module's mission is todeploy. on order. within the 

I x Tactical satellite (TACSAT)and EUCOM area of responsibility to pro\.ide terrainTele-Engineering analysis products and small quantities of 

Ixc.130 ( 1 x Trailer-mounted tactical quiet ,.. generator [TQG) 	 topographic maps to deployed headquartcrs. The 

team creates the terrain-analysis products on-site. 

Concept. Establish 4th+rder survey control IS0 Field Artillen/ 

Deep Attack [tested at Task Force Hawk. Task Force Falcon, and operating from the supported unit's ~;lctic:ilVictory Strike), map updatesiregistrations,or iurfleld surveys. opel-arions center with computers. graphics 

software. and map-printing capability. Saniple 

products include modified combined-ohstaclc 

Table 1 overlay5 (MCOOs), lines-ot'-commu~~icatio~~ )naps. 

58 E~t,qi~iecr 
hridgelroad maps, elevation maps, largescale (1 :25,000: 1: 15,000) maps of the area Terrain Analysis 

of operations, satellite-imagery maps, 

anaglyphs (three-dimensional 13-Dl red- Personnel EaUiDment 

blue maps viewed with 3-D glasses), tly- Terrain analyst I 1 x M998 with shelter and SINCGARS 

through videos, and almost any other type I x SGT 81 T20 1 x Laptop computerwith printer 

of lnap thecommander may want. Terrain analyst DTSS-LI: OP, tent 

Lithe requirement exceeds the time 2 x SPC 81T10 1 1 xGPS 

2 X NVGS available or technical capability of the I x HP Kayak system with plotter deployed FEM, the workload can be 1 x TACSAT and Tele -Engineering 

electronically transferred to thc 320th 1 x Topo database 

Engineer Company's base station for reach- i 

1 x Traller-mounted TQG 

back capability. Once an electronic product 

has been completed. it can be sent secure - Provide an enhanced digital terrain-analysis capability 

via the deployable Tele-Engineering Suite to the IRF or any deployed force up to brigade-size; product list 

and printcd out at the remote site for the includes MCOOs, elevation tints, 3-D maps, overprints, topographic 

line maps (TLMs), fly-throughs, etc. maneuver commander. The terrain-analysis 

team operates from a specially configut-ed 

HMMWV ambulance modeled after the Table 2 

Digital Topographic Support System-Light 

(DTSS-L) (to he fielded to theunit in FY03). mission ofthis module is to deploy, oo ordel: within the EUCOM 

area of responsibility to conduct bridge reconnaissance and to 

provide technical expertise and supervision in the construction 

of fixed bridges using U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) or 

Terrain-Analysis FEM-a part of the initial deploying host-nation labor. The capabilities of the fixed-bridge module 

forces--identifies drop zones, landing zones, dismounted include determining the load classification of existing bridges, 

infiltration, and attack routes and produces limited maps estimating the need for and extent of repair to existing bridges, 

and calculating the materials required for new bridges, 

specifically the Bailey bridge, the Mabey-Johnson (Compacl 

These two topographic module prototypes have been 200) bridge, and timber-tl-estle bridges. The soldiers of the team 

extensively tested in marly recent deployn~ents and training will supervise the construction of the new bridges using DoD 

exercises. The pcisonnel and ecluipn~em for the terrain-analysis or host-nation armed forces or llost-nation contracted labor. 

inodule are shown in Table 2. Because of the cost and size of the mediurn-grider bridge, the 

Fixed-Bridge-Reconnnis5ance/Bridge-Const~onFEM. team will generally not use it for host-nation support. This team 

The third team from the 565th Engineel.Bnttalion is the fixed- will operate from a HMMWV. 

hridge-reconnaissancelbridge-construction module. The In February 2001. the battalion exercised the fixed-bridgercconnaissancelbridge-construction FEM during 

Operation Ice Bridge, a battalion-lcvel FTX that included a conipany-level external evaluation (EXEVAL) 

of the38th Engineer Company (MGB) and p1;ttoon-level. 

EXEVALs of the 502d Engineer Company (AFB). The 

MGB company sent the FEM tolink up with the "mayor" 

of a town that needed a Bailey bridge to replace ;I 

destroyed bridge. The FEM NCOs directed "unskilled 

local labor" (soldiers from the AFB company) in the 

constl-uction 01' the Bailey bridgc. Since most of the 

soldiers from the AFB corl~parly wcre not proficient with 

the Bailey. this was a rood first test of the FEIM. 

Potential future lests involve sending the FEM to 

Portugal to examine a collapsed bridge or to Poland as 

pa17 of V Colps's Victory Strike exercise to examine and 

improve bridges over which the Multiple-Launch Rocket 

System (MLRS) \,chicles will cross. The personnel and 

equipment associated with this module arc shown in 

A soldier operates the computer hardware and software Table 3, page 60. 

included in theTerrain-Analysis FEM. 
Fixed Bridge 

Personnel Equipment 

Combat bridge crewman 1 x M998 with SiNCGARS 

Ix SSG 12C30 1 x Laptop computer with printer 

Combat bridge crewman Ix GP, small tent 

2 x SGT 12C20 1 x GPS 

Combat bridge crewman 2 x NVGS 

1 xSPC12CIO 1 x Fixed-bridging manual set 

1 x TACSAT and Tele -Engineering ....... . ...-.-

--Conduct bridge and route reconnaissance and supervire 

construction of Mabey JohnsonBailey bridges. 

Table 3 

Float-Bridge Rafting 

Personnel Equipment 

Combat engineer 2 x M998s with SiNCGARS 

1 x OIC 21 E 1 x Laptop computer ~4th printer 

Combat bridge crewman 1 x GP, medium tent 

Ix SSG 12C30 1 x GPS 

Combat bridge creman 24 x NVGs 

5 x SGT 1 ZCZO 3 x MKIiMK2 bridge-erection boats (BEE) 

Combat bridge crewman 2x Ramp bays, bridge, floating (REEF) 

15xSPC12CIO 5 x lnterlor bays, bridge, floating (IBBF) 

1 x TACSAT and Tele -Engineering 

2x Rubber boats (RBI-15 

Ix ISU-90 

10 x M945 bridge transporters 

--Provide a wet-gap crossing capabilityforthe MlRC and 

HIRC orfor a humanitarian-assistance operation (%bay raft = MLC 70). 

Table 4 

I .--,,,.-- :- I trnti\no~t.This i)rodulc can 1,e further reduced. if necessary. We Bridge the Gap: The series of recenk atrtrtquanes irl 


thesutu~i1ero12(X)I.
 Turkey destroyed most bridges, rendering many roads ~illenercisetIri~~iroduledu~-ing 

impassable. With the United States sending fixed bridges Ride the Wave: The rapid-reaction force 

like the Bailey bridge into remote areas of the country, the deploystoacontingencyintheEUCOMareaof Fixed-Bridge FEM NCOs direct and assist Turkish forces in The enemy has destroyed the one bridge on the river 

constructing the bridges. Finally, relief supptiesflow into the dividing thecountv.The ratting FEMdeploys, allowing u,S, ravaged towns. forces to cross the river. Later, the rafts transport refugees 

Float-Bridge Rafting FEM. The filial rearn from the 565th to safety during a mass exodus from the area of fighting. 

Engineer Baualion is the float-bridge rafting module. The rafting The foitr modules from the 565th Enzineer Batralion will 

niodule will deploy, on c~rdcr.within rhe EUCOh4 area ol- enhance ;Ibility of USAREL.R.s rapid- responsibility to prvvitle a waler-ohstacle crossing c;ipal~ility to deploynrenl Forccs to oper-;tte in a contingency theater of 

U.S.or host-nation forces. The mtiinr module is designed around operations. The survey and termin-an:~lysis modules have 

asix-floattzfithatuill supponboththelWRC i~lVSAREUR(~~ll3- been illboth deployments and exercises. while 

brrsrcl) and the HIRC (MI- and M2-based).'The ~irodule can also the modules were tested in February be ~~sed in 1iurnk1nitari;ln as well 3s p~dcekeeping operatiot~s. and will be again in June 2001. There engineer modules will 

Potential missions includc condoctins e\acuations and river continuc to move the battalion along the mad to the more 

patrols and ferrying equip~nent and personnel. versatile and deployable hnny of the future. -

Y 

The raftins module is much lagcr than the survey. tcnainanalysis. and fixed-htidge modules, as shoa,n in Table4. Given the M~jor. Siriiori is flip 53 of rhe 56Srh E~i~irzrri-
 Bontilini!.

si7.e of the raftin: equipment, many more iiirf!;~mes arc requil-ed for Hnrioi~.GP).III[I~~?. 

Personal Viewpoint 


Di~ring the annual ENFORCE conference at Fort 

Leonard Wood, Missouri, in May 2000, 1 listened to 

sorne of tlic AI-my's top leaders speak on the future of 

tllc Arrny and tlie Enginecr Regiment. As I learned of the 

dei,elopmcnts taking place within the Army and specifically 

the Regiment, 1could not help but wonder at the monumental 

task this undertaking has become. Tlioseof 11s who have stayed 

relatively informed of Army Transformation initiatiues h;lve 

feelingsofexcitement. intrigue, and skepticisni. After all. with 

char~gecomes an element of uncertainty and, as soldiers. we 

have an oriderstandable reluctance about our nlission if [hel-e 

is ambiguity lingering in the air. Nevertheless, the future is 

corning. and ;111 of us will have a cliancc to play a role in its 

formation. 

During ENFORCE 2000. tlic Chief of Staff of the AI-my. 

General Eric K. Shinseki, talked ;iboot the f~~ture fighting fowc 

of the Army as one yet to bc defined but possessing se\,cral 

qualities. It iiiust he responsive. deployahle. agile, vers;~tile. 

lethal, survivable. ant1 sustainable to support our requirements 

for the full spectrum of conflict.' Conscquently. the Initial 

Brigade Cotnhat Tes~ms (IBCTs) are being task-organized to 

meet these requirements. But what exactly are these ncw b~igade 

combat teams'? 

They are I-oughly defined as highly mobile, foll-spectrumtrained, logisticelly sustainable, rapidly deployable lbrces 

whose strengths conic lir~~n the exploitation of technology and 

speed. They aptly support General Shinseki's three rules of 

warfighting: (1) win on tlie offense, (2) initi;rte on our own 

terriis. ~ind (3) build momentum rapidly.' With the future 

operational landscape increasingly being small-scale 

contingencies, peacckcepi~ig operations, and peacee~rforcclnent operati[~ns on ul-ban terrain, 1-as well as othershave concerns about engineers supporting mobility 

reqoiretnents for these IBCTs. 

Sappers Forward 

Ask any steely-eyed sapper what engineers do in the 

offense, and he'll tell you that we brcach hard and 

fast. Survival in the brcach is a difficult prospect for 

sappcrc. Add in the complexities of an urban environment, and 

the bar is raised-u,l~icli is why I believe that these selfless 

sons and daughters of America deserve the best tlaining and 

the most technologically adv;lnced equipment the Army can 

afford. 

Moy 2001 

One area that is being improved is countermine training. 

Currently, we have engineers deployed in 73 countries around 

the world, and several of these soldiers are supervising, and 

conducting tsaining on, humanitarian demining operations. In 

the former Yugoslavia, thel-e are perhaps as many as 6 million 

mines littering the countryside. or roughly 15 mines for every 

sclusue kilometel: (See article "MineTht-cats in Mission Areas" 

in En,qir?eer.February 2001, page 4.) The different types of 

mines number in the thous;lnds. There are somc uni~ssu~ning 

mines out there that are cleverly disguised and e~nployed in 

unorthodox manners. Our soldiers need to know [his. 

As a platoon lender in tlie 326th Engineer Battalion. IOI st 

Airborne Di\'ision, Fort Campbell, Kentucky. my maneuver 

task ti)^-ce played opposing farce (OPFOR) on one occ. ,ISI(I~ . 

for one of the infantry brigades. My platoon was responsible for countermobility ope~~tious in support of the 

OPFOR. Although 1 reiluesterl Class IVIV supplies, my 

platoon way left to fend for itself. So we gathered a miniscule 

atnount of tmiriing mines and wire from our own stocks and 

set off to e~nplnce somc point obstacles along potentiill 

Blue Forcc (BLUEFOR) avenues of approach. To make a 

long story short-with a little sapper ingcnuity, my poorly 

equipped OPFOR ensinecr platoon managed to stop a 

brigade nianeu\,er elcment for several liours while its leaders 

figured out how to breach our obstacles. 

How did we do it'! We used whatever we could find. Wc 

created rubblc obstacles with large locks and fallen trees that 

\:e placed across roads and mchc~red with pickets and wire. 

Atid we threw in a few buried [nines in the rubble for good 

nieasurc. Uno~thodox-yea; realistic---definitely. 

Despite our success, tlie whole episode upset me--a brigade 

in the most powcrfi~l Ar~my in the ujorld was stopped by my 

unequipped sappel- platoon. Needless to say, the{-e were some 

lessons le;~rned that d;~y, but all I could think of was what 

might have happened if we had been properly equipped'? Alld 

how would my platoon have farecl if the shoe had been on the 

other foot'? It wsis then that I wondered, Why aren't there 

OPFOR minefield/obstaclc kits that we could use in tactical 

scenarios'! 

Granted, tlie sheer number of foreign mines would make it 

difficult. if not impractical. to reproduce training mines for all of 

them. But it would be helpful to be sible to see, feel, emplace, 

and breach aVP-13 Seismic Minecontrol Systern. aPMA-3, or 

an MRUDIPMA-2 booby trap. These are some of the numerous 

En~i~teer- 61 
Engineer Developmental Systems 

aritipersonriel mine systems used in Bost~ia and Kosovo where 

currently sollie 11,000 U.S. troops are deployed and rotating 

on a regular basis. 

In humanitarian demi~iing, we have the luxury of having 

time to be methodicnl sind deliberate in order to reduce the 

risks to our soldiers to a tolerable level. This luxury, 

however, doesn't exist in counterrnine operations when 

you'rc taking fire and blowing down doors to clear liostile 

buildings in an urban environment. 

Imagine going to theTraining Support Center and drawing 

several large plastic boxcs likc tlic o~ics that hold Multiple 

Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) equipment. You 

open the lid and therc, separated neatly and cncascd in foalill 

are several of themost common types of foreign mines used in 

a specific geographic area. Upon further exs~minatiori, you find 

that t1ie1.e are instructions with each type of mine system with 

a complete history of the mine, its employment, and how it's 

anned and disarmed. Just when you thought it couldn't get 

any better, you find out that you can actually arm the mines by 

emplacing a small explosive capsimilar to the cap guns that 

you played with as a kid. Now you have the ultiniate foreignminc training systcm. Soldicrs will tell you that those mineidentification cards are helpful, but show hirn something similar 

to what I described; and those cards will hecome vivid reminders 

ofthe threc-dimensional killers they are attempting to avoid or 

are seeking to destroy. 

The above proposal addresses only one aspect of our 

mobility tasks and just scratches the surface of engincer 

Transforn~ation issues. I only raise the countermine-training 

issue as an example because of its significance to the Engineer 

Regiment. There are equally irnpolinnt Transfomlation issues 

that apply to our other Battlefield Operating Systems. Howcver. 

the f~ct remains that we're putting ;I heavy burden on the 

shoulders of our soldiers. So should~l't we make it as easy as 

possible for them to learn and absorb information so they can 

truly become masters of their trade? 

Soldiers Are the Bedrock 

During ENFORCE 2000, then 

Mancuvcr Support Center 

(MANSCEN) Co~iirnander M.'. ~jo~ General Robert B. Flowers

pointed oulin his "Stateofthc Enginecr 

Regiment" presentation that one or the 

major char;~ctcristics of the Objective 

Force is versatility and that this is and 

will he a great leadership challenge.' 

At the samc conlcrcnce, TRADOC 

Commander Gene121 John N. Abrams 

explained, ''As we push inore power 

into the hands of fewerpeople in smaller 

organizations, the importance of each 

individual's contribution and cffcctivcness will remain."' My translation: 

Engineers get more technologically 

advanced equipment, are expected to 

know more, do more, and still get thejob done. 

Sure, we'l-e going to have mot-e complex scenarios, ~ules of 

engagement. operational environments, equipment, andundoubtedly-more complex tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) and "asymmetric forces." and engineers will 

continue to be experts in their trade. But the wuth is, this isn't 

just an engineer challenge. If histoly is any indication ofthings 

to come, soldiers Armywide will embrace the new challenges 

and. when the time comes. will step up to the plate and perform 

admirably as they have always done. 

By the way. the time is now, and soldiers like those involved 

in engineer platform testing have been energetically participating in the transformation process. The technology being 

tested, if properly utilized and designed, should rnake our jobs 

easien Butjust ask any computer user; it's a love-hate relatiouship. and it's likely to remain that way as we go through this 

process and work out the bugs. 

The Directorate of Training Development (DOTD). the 

Directorate of Combat Developments (DCD). the Countennine 

Training Support Center (CTSC), and other agencies at Fort 

12eoni~rd Wood are taking positive steps toward supporting 

the future engineer force. The Warrior Department of UOTD is 

laying down the foundation for a Master Breacher's Course, 

which is still early in development. The Countennine Capability 

Sct (CMCS), Groutld Standoff Minclicld-Dclection System 

(GSTAMIDS), Interim Vehicle-Mounted Mine Detector 

(IVMMD). Handheld Standoff Mine-Detection Systern 

(HSTAMIDS), and numerous other initiatives are big steps 

toward increasing our su~vivability and maintaining our mobility 

in our future operational environments. But as then Major 

Gcneriil Flowers pointed out atENFORCE2000, "We arc several 

years away from being able to neuttxlize every mine we come 

across."' That is assnniing lirst that we are prudent; informed. 

and trained well enough to identify them beforehand. 

In an article in the Febntary 2001 issue of ARMY, Retired 

BrigadierGenela1 Huha Wass de Czege and MajorJacohD. Biever 
listed "guidelines for the Arn~y's future Transforrnation."One of 

several key points in tlre article was that '.Soldiers-not . . 

technology-are the key to continued superiority.""n TRADOC 

Pamuhlet 525-5. Force XXI O~)er~~riorrs, former TRADOC 

~onlkanderCieneral William W ~mzogiterate5 tlie fluid nature 

ofArmy Transfoniiation. "Change is so rapid. so pervasive, and 

socomplex that the work ofc~;lfting the Army for the next centu~y 

is now evcryday work for us all."' The Army Vision (hfrp:// 

r~iv~i:urnr~.tnil/nr~i~~~~i.sio~~) states first and foremost that "The 

Almy is People." The Engincer School (ivirii:~~~ood.a~i~~?:~i!iI/ 

Engineer SchoollMANSCEiN Web !sites 

Directorate of Training 

ww. wood.a~ym;l/DOT/dothtm 

Directorate of Combat Developments 

www. wood.anny.mil/DCD/dcd.htm 

Directorate ofTraining Development 

wwwwood.army.mil/DOTD/dotd.hfm 

Engineer Concepts Tiger Team 

esrlrool/) Web site has a link, "One Voice." which documents top 

engineer priorities. In his article "One Keginlent. One Fight" in 

the April 1999 issue ofEriginee,: no\\, retired 1.ieutenant Gencral 

Joe N. B:~llard. then Chief of Engineers: wrote. "Without a 

dedicated effort at e\,ery level, unity cannot be achieved. 

Ultimately, the future of the izgiment is in your hands. W? can 

continue \vorkinp in our isolatedcells ad peifo~nlirlg marginally, 

or we call realize the bcnefits ofapplying our collective power to 

the Regiment's problems."The roles that soldiers play on adayto-day basis are critical. and when those effolts are combined, 

thehy realizes its greatness. 

Lend Me Your Ears 

As a platoon trainer for the Engineer Officer Basic 

Course. I've mentored nearly 100 second lieutenants 

who. I'm sure, are all doing preat things for the U.S. 

Arm! and the Engineer Regiment. I hope that those of you 

who read this article will pay special attention. You are down 

where the ruhhcr meets tbe road, and your combined input 

from the field is essential toward doctrinal and technological 

de\,elopment. If you're not already pliiying some role in Anny 

Transfomiation. take the time to educate yourself and your 

soldiers. because the Army of the Future is yours. theirs, and 

mine. Our battalion commanders may not be around to see it. 

so we should take on the responsibility ol'making this Army 

what it is envisioned to be. 

After all. isn't that what the new Ar~ny Motto. "Arniy of 

One." is trying to get across-that you or I, the soldier. can 

make a difference? Isn't it about empowerment and through 

that power fulfilling our obligations and living UIJ to the Army 

\blues'? Despite the controversy surrounding it. I believe that 

the new motto is well-suited to the issue at hand. because the 

accomplishments and contributions of individuals over the 

years 11ax.e been lalgely responsible ibr making this Army great. 

I believe this trcnd xvill continue. 

Where do ole srart! The Fort Leonard \Vood Web site is an 

excellent rcsource. Several depa~tinents within the MANSCEN 

and the Enpineer School play roles in Army Transformation. 

including the Directorateof Training (DOT). DCD, and DOTD. 

The EngineerConceptsT~gerTeam,under DCD. has the mission 

of ensuring thilt the engineer force is properly integrated into the 

IBCTs. Youcan dounload acopy ofField Manual (FM)5-2,Ir~itiul 

Brigade Enqhzcer Cornbat Opemrini~s. at this site to get the indepth look at engineers in the IBCT. 

An excellent resource for general Arniy Transfor~iiation 

knowledge is 'The Hooah Guide to Army Transforniation" in the 

ww. wood.army. m;l/econcept/ 

Center for Engineer Lessons Learned 


www. wood.armymil/ceN/index.hlm 


ENFORCE Conference 

www.wood.anny.mil/eschwl/e2001 

Council of Colonels Conference 

ww. wood.army mil/eschoo//CofC/revision.html 

February 2001 issue ofARMY If you haven't lead it. you can go 

to (~vir~r.ni~sa.or:e/~~r~r~?:iri~~) and click on "Army Magazine 

Archive" to view the issuc. The Anny home page has several 

links. Forinfomiatio~i on Almy Transformation, we(unln:n,l,l\:,7ri1/1~~1:01it1?.171iP 

rin~i~ri.sion/L/r~ii~r.iif~~~#~r~~~~sfi~rn). There are several other links 

on the Web. but these \rill get you going in the right direction. 

Finding the Way 

ow do you :et your engineer ideas across? First. ask HAvour chain of command to reviex your recommcndations for accuracy. completeness. and quality 

cuiltn~l. Although contacting departments in the Engineer 

S~.hool directly with your issucs is a good way to sioe 

constructi\~c feedback to tbe school. finding tlie right 

departnient can be a daunting task. Look at the MAXSCEK 

Web site to find appropriate points of contact through the 

"Departlenrs and Directorates"link. 

Issuesconcerning changes to engineer publications-FMs. 

mission trainins plans (MTPs), soldiers training puhlicatio~ls 

(STPs)-should be submitted using the DA Form 2028. 

Recorn~nerr(ic~dClior7ge.r m Puhliciliior7s nr7ri Blorlk For~ns. 

The DOT'S Doctrine Development Division in the Engineer 

School, through the Center for Engineer Lessons Learned 

(CELL). collects inforination from the field and ensures that 

feedhack gets to the right agency. If the issue is clearly a training 

issuc. then it should be routed through the Training 

Development Integration Office for the Directorate of Tr~lining. 

There's also the Doctrine, Training. Leader Development. 

Organiziuion. Materiel. and Soldiers (DTLOMS) Integrator and 

the Chief of Staff of the Engineer School. who ensurc that 

issues are broken down and handled by the appropriate 

agencies. Issues that require higher visibility because of their 

controversial nature. because they address a theater-wide concern. or because they rep]-esent amajordepartiire from current 

doctrine may be brought to the Engineer School by your chain 

of co~nmand during the ENFORCE Conference or the Council 

of Colonels meeting. 

(see Sflppers. pnyc 69) 
TIIB U.S. ARMY T 1 12A6IN1212R 

B? Dl: lor^? Roberts 

As with tlle Corps of Engineers. service. Following the Civil War. super- ~ ~ ~and tile~A~~):Field ~~ ~ ~ ~ the Engineer School traces its vision of the Academy passcd to the War neer School openedin 1910. That school. 

roots to the At~~crican Re\,olution. Department. a part of the Arnmy Service Schools, 

Genfl~lHeadqu~ersOrders.Valle~Forcc. when the ~~~i~~~~ ~~tt~li~~ooksb. closed in 191 6. The First world War 

dated 9 Julie 1778. read, "Three captains tion at willetts point. N~~ york (see forced a closing of the Engineer School 

and nine lieutenantsare wanted to officer 'photo above). in 1866, engineer leaders , because the instructors and students 

the Conlpan) of Sappel-s. As the Corps ,,,,the opportunity to develop a school were needed to officer the expanding will be a school ofeneineeling, it opens a ol.iented exclusively to engineers. F~~~ engineer force. The school resumed its 

prospect to such gentlemen asentel-it...." 1868 to 1885, an informal school instruction in 1920but atadifferent locaShortly after the publishing of the order. plication exisred. part of [his effon in. tion. Washington Barracks was transthe "school" lnoved to [hc river fonifica- vol,,edthe creation ,,fflle E~~~~~~~club. ferred to the General Staff College, and tions at West Point, New York. With the an inforlnal that met during the theE~lgineerSchool movedtoCampA.A. end of the war and the mustering out of ,inter lnonths and presented profes. Humphreys, south of Mount Vernon. Virthe Arniy. theschool closed. However,the siollal engineer papers. 1885, [he , ginia. This was a World War1camp built 

Regilnent of A~tillerisrsandEngineerswas school of ~ ~ i ~ received on land acquired ~ i ~ ~ by the War Department l formal ~ ~ constituted as a and was recognition by the war Dep;mment, lll in 1912. The original ]lame for the tract 

reopened at the same location in 1794. For 1890, the name was changed to united was Belvoir. 

four years it constituted a school of appli- States Engineer School, For 68 years, Fon Bel\,oir was tile home cation for new engineers and anillerists. 


Closing in 1798. due to a fwthat destroyed In 1901, the school mu\-ed from of theEngineer School. It produced thou- 


many facilities. the engineers wen with- wi1letts point (later ~~~t ~~tt~~) sands of officers, NCOs. and enlisted en- 
 to 

out a school for three years. washington ~~~~~~k~ in ~ ~ ~ gineers who saw action ~ ~ ~ t 

in World War 11, i ~ 

D.C.. and n,as renamed the Engineer Korca, and Vietnam. Thousands more 

In 1801. theWarDePartmentrevived school of ~~~li~~ti~~. [ronica[ly, this passed through the Engineer School durthe school. and hlajor Jonathan Williams lasted only a few years. 1" 1904, ing the peacetime years. In 1988. the Engi- became its superintendent. Less than a the name was ?hanged back to Engineer , neer School and Center nloved to Fol? 

year later. Congress authoriredthecorps ~~h~~l. ~h~ school at \vash. ' Leonard Wood, Missouri. Here the tradi- of Engineers and constituted it at %st iUgton ~~~~~~k~ for the next 19 years. al. 

I. 

t~ons of engineering schooling. begun in Poimas a Milira~ For[11enext though it closed froln time to time be- Ihc snows of Valley Forge. continue. 64 years, the was under the 

supervision of the Corps. Although the 

cause of a shortage of officers or national Y

rpencies, curriculum was heavily laced with engi- Dr Roberrs k rhc U.S.Amzy Ei1~i11e~r 

neering subjects. the Academy commis- In 1909. certain courses associated School hisroriarl ar For? bonnl-iiWood, 

sinned officers into all branches of the with the field army moved to Fort 1 ~bfissorrri. 
MAJ James C . Duan 865 .1868 


MAJ H.L.Abbo 868.1886 


MAJ C .B.Comstoc 886 .1887 


MAJ W .R.King 1887-1895 


MAJ W . T. Rossel 1895-1895 


MAJ J . G. D. Knigh 895 .1901 


Washington Barracks. D.C. 

MAJ W .M.Black 901 .1903 


MAJ Edward Bur 903 .1906 


MAJ E.E.Winslo 906 .1907 


907-1910 


MAJ W .J. Barden 910-1913 


MAJ Joseph E.Kuh 913-1914 


MAJ William . P Wooten ........................................ 1914 .1916 


MAJ G . R. Luke 916-1916 


MG M .M.Patric 1916-1917 


COL W.WHarts ....................................................1917-1917 


1917-1917 


COL F V. Abbo 1917- 1918 


COL Richard Park 918-1918 


BG Charles W . Kut 1918-1918 


1919- 1919 


Camp Humphreys. Virginia 

(redesignated Fort Belvoir in 1935) 

MG C . A.F.Flag1 1919-1920 


BG W . D. Conno 1920 - 1920 


COL Meriweather L . Walker..................................1920- 1921 


MG Mason M . Patrick 921 - 1921 


COL J.A.Woodru 921 - 1924 


COL H .Burgess.......................................... 1924 .1924 


COL Sherwood A .Cheney.................................... 1924 .1925 


COL Edward M .Markham.....................................1925.1929 


COL Edward H . Schulz......................................... 1929.1933 


COL George R . Spaulding.................................... 1933 .
1935 


COL Laurence V. Frazier........................................1935.1936 


COLJulian L . Schle 1936-1936 


Engineer School Commandants 


Willetts Point. New York (Fort Totten) COL J .A.O'Connor.................................... 1937.1938 


COLThomas M .Robins............................
 1938.1939 


COL J . A. O'Connor................................... 1939 .1940 


BG Roscoe C . Crawford............................1940 .1943 


COLXenephon H . Price.............................1943.1944 


BG Gordon R Young .................................. 


BG Dwight F Johns................................... 1944- 1945 


. 1944 .1944 


BG PatrickHenry Timothy ..........................1945.1946 


COL Willis E . Teale................................... 1946 .1947 


MG William M .Hoge................................... 1947.1948 


MG Douglas L .Weart.................................. 1948- 1951 


MG Stanley L . Scott................................ ....1951 .1954 


MG A . W. Pence 1954- 1954 


MG Louis W . Prentiss.................................
 1954-1956 


MG David H .Tulley......................................1956-1958 


MG Gerald E.Galloway..............................1958.1960 


MG Walter K .Wilson...................................1960 .1961 


MG Stephen R .Hammer............................1961 .1962 


MG Laurence L .Lincoln.............................1963.1965 


MG Frederick J . Clarke...............................1965 .1966 


MG Robert F Seedlock............................... 1966- 1967 


MG Arthur W .Oberbeck.............................. 1968- 1968 


MG George H .Walker................................. 1968-1969 


MG William C .GribbleJr...........................1969 .1970 


MG Robert R .Ploger...................................1970 .1973 


MG Harold R Patfitt .................................... 


MG James A . Johnson...............................1975 .1977 


. 1973 . 
1975 

MG James L . Kelley.................................... 1977 .1980 


MG Maxwell W . Noah..................................
 1980- 1982 


MG JamesN . Eilis................................... 1982- 1984 


MG Robert S .Kem......................................1984.1987 


MG William H . Reno...................................1987.1988 


Fort Leonard Wood. Missouri 

MG Daniel R. Schroeder............................ 1988- 1991 


MG Daniel W . Christman...........................1991 .1993 


MG Joe N Ballard ....................................... 


MG Clair F .Gill............................................. 1995 .
1997 


. 1993- 1995 


MG Robert B.Flowers................................1997.2000 


MG Anders B .Aadland.......................... 
 2000 Present

May 2001 Engineer-65 
PERSCOM Notes 


Non-Branch-Qualified-CaptainAssignments 

T 

R? Criprniri Roili~ir R. GI-r/lbi 

he ;issignltiont of our ooo-br;inch-qualified (NRQ) man;igers. we have ~lsually ivorked out issries penaining to EFMP 

captains is very critical to the tuture re;idiness of the and ID. 

EogineesKeginient.Thr ohject~vein assigningNBQcnpl:~ins ~h~ first we fill ;Ire tllobe overseas because of (,,,it

islo ensulet11;tt e;chofficer isenposed tothe fill1 spectrum ofcn~_inces rzadiness ii,ld tr,ol-eq,,ity, K~~~~ is fircl, tl,en E~,.~,~~, wawaii, ~l~~ka

assignments which will prnvide a broail i-anee of experience in a,,d otllei- overseas ;,reas, ~1,i~ en,,,re tl,nt <,fficers izceive tf,e 

preparation for fitlure irsponsihilitieb. Each officer inus1 onderht;l!~d same conridel;it,on fill an o,rcrsc:,s ti,on ~ii.~~~~

tom an the procesb ul an z~ssign~nent iiction arid the \ill-iahles tliat i~ifli~e~rcr ,l,.el-scas to ccc :,re n(,t c,,n%idered for a reussig,lll,ent the drcision. I will focus on assigiiinp officers R-on1 the Capv;~in's l.i.cilqonlecs tl,ev 

Career Course (CCC) and discu\s initiaiives unilel- uonsidzi;ition to 

improue the acsign~ncnt psoces,. Next iiu fill thc statrside locations by priority of till with oficers 

returning hor11 shoit lours and all relll;~ining oflicers in the CCC. 

Our NBQ caplaills are ahs~pneil fro~n the CCC to rn:~jor Army c,,,,tl-ibutingfactors tl,;it detclininc who is ,,here cuiTent 

cornni;~nds (MACOM\) based on the unir readiness of suholdin;lte (pri,l,arily ;I,rb u,,le ra,,eer). EF~~~~, JD\, 

units. ttle nonlheroiollicers reql1irt.d by the Officer Di?tr~butio~~ Plan duVelopmmt iil,~]l,el-son;ll fesrnces,rneaclr CC,-~~~~~, ;l~o,,t

(ODP). and whrn the i~filccs~.an reprrit to tlic coninrand. The ODP is 65 oftlreOfjiCCI.E IFq,lesI,:(,l.l ~~,\i\,hi,^^^(,,I;F~~.~ c~.

0,1,

thc pers,)~mcl-~nani~pc~~~e~~t ilirective that dctcrn~ines thc noinher of ~~l~~~~~l~,; tl,eir ti,p assi g,,,,,c nt c~,oices, o ~ 

officei each MACOM rcccives hlsed on the ;ii.;ill;ihle population of ll,err mole otficei5 rurluc~til,g tl,ere are olficcrs in the Engineer Kcgitticnt. position\. The nra.jont) of offiuzn ;lssi:oed ti, tlii~~ li,uatiuns ;~rl-ivc 

thslr after a \hiil-I tour and then teillcebt a \eqocndal assignment to that Developing Assignments location. So. if there is ;I piil-ticular location that ywo w?,iot. ~~11.2ii s1101.t 

Betorc urassir_o any officerfi-oln the CCC. we c~iliduct adztailed tirui ti> Kolra ahel- thc CCC ai~d rcilrlest a seqnentlal ;~ssipnllieot. 'lhis 

analysi~ofeacliMACOLI by revieainf the current cnil~nber ufofficers ;illows yoii to detcniline~,hcn to ~]VC~,C;CS ;,nd a tour 

on lh;lnd and the known and priijccted losses and actual pains rlrat enough when f,imily issue\ In:~y he less critical era hlancll.qLlniifyirlg 


io,p.iut the co~nmand. E:iclr office! in the MACOM i\ i-eiiewcd so ;rv5ipnment isn( cfi~icnl1,) c;llzer develilpllient. 


tliat tie have the nlost curreill infOrm;~tion pertaining trl !hi\ sito;ition Thc critical baii:il>lr that in~p;tcts an nssip~llnenti\ pl-ofessional-
 and how long he will hc on .st;itwn. 
 dcvelop~t~ent ~nceds. We iv;int you to enperiznce the htll spectrum of 

Oncc we conlplete thrs ;~nsly\ii. u'e determine tlic oo~nhel- of cnsioerr i,prl-;iti<lnr. ~ h ~ ~to hro;i<len yo[,,- f~ profession;ll ~ ~ 

~ 

assignments to thc MACOM hy comparing the projected numheroi develop~rient. ire g e n c ~ l l l y d o not i-ctom i,fiicers to ;I duty station 

officers on hand iel-cus thc ODP Sol- the tinit pcriod thiit ive a1.e whcl-e they havc a~i.ea(~y served, if you have ;1 ]isllr rogineer 

assigning officers ftnnt the CCC. The MACOMs th;lt are prujectcd backgruund, plan fill y~ol- [lent ;issignnlrnt ti> he to ii pilrt that 

to kt11 below the ODP Lire filled tu thc ODP f~rrt. by unit priority. l~~echa~rized 01. col~~hat-lrcai)engineer experiences. It you 11;ivz 

we )ci~irinzxt iissigii~nrnt (~fqu;ilifird)could be allnclltr rlre tc,r;il nulrl~e,of iItlen~ing ll,c ccc ~~~eclmr~izcdexpzl-iznce. 

lightoico~iihat~lieavy 

s,,h,nitted, ~ f i ~ tl,c~assipll,ncnt slate, k,e se,ld tile officers with di~erse hackeroundsensores t11;it the Kegimcntwill h;~ve 

thmugh~,,,tt~,eMHCOM~hnscd <,n tl,e analysir and tl,r ,,l-cfiic,,ccq toaixist tlii~~oftcl-s engineerexperiences Having 

prelyasi,,g 

officer ~ ~ ~)i,,,~i~,, (ODD), ~ pors,,nnel ~ ~~,~,,,~,,'l ~ aq~~alirirdpa~~lofofficcr.:avsilahleto~~~cet~hede~r~ar~dsoftomori ~ ~ ~ i ~

(PERSCOM). foriipps~,vnI. The ODD oversees the pcl-sonnel accounts *""Y 

of the MACOMs arid ensures that they are filled with the required Personnel R,fanagelnent nultrher of ofricers based on the ODP. We i\i,rk sith thc ;iccoont 

man:ipcrs to enrule thilt each MACOM is filled to the ODP If il is We arc studying cvci-al initiatives that will better inform officers 

not. s,r jristify ivlry and st;lte when it \\ill he fillcil. oiassisolnents. provide it wider all-;iy of czirrci opportunities. reduce 

personnel turnover. and provide rahilify for out-officeia ;lnd theiiDetermining an Assignment fa~nilics.Wc ;ire revie\+in: the posribility ilf assigning officers to tlic 

~f~~~ clati,,g i, ;ipl,l-o,.ed,uc consider [he rariahlec tjla, ililpact CCC a year in advance upon rclease of [he c;lptaio's promotion list. 


assipl,,,,unts: pel-s,,niil p,.cfcrrnces duty locarions and Th~willalluw Ihc Icailers in the field to m;iniye their persormel 


,,,ilitary schools), ,j,erseiis roul-eq,,ily, ~lcei,tiona~~i;i,ni~yY1112,1,~ ,ej betla. Conseq~lentl). ue can ensure thal (lie MACOMr will h;ive tlic 

l,rogi;im (EFMP) co,lccs,ls, profcssiona~~~evel~jptI1cnt needr, juilll ~quire~l nu~nbci ofofficcrs on hand at all tinles. We will ;issi@o the 

ol(ler )ear pl-oilps tu tbc CCC hefi~re assigning officers from the 

gl-ildnilte.(~egree p,og,L,, al ~ ~ 1 1 ; ~ will impact th,r pornotion list. Officer, brill still bc iequircil to accept i~rdcclinc thc 

dornic,lc5 (JD) ;,,,d ( ~ ~the ~~ , ~, i ~ ~ ~ ~i

d ~ ~ ~i ~, , ~i ~ ~~ ~i~ . ~ 

st ~~,,i~ 


f,,,,,rnt (,,,iccrive.) ~~~i~~ our will, the 011~ occ<,nnt CCCu1tIi1n30d~iyci~f~i~eqi1cst f~~sordelaheingp~~blisheil
 nccoldinp 

66 Engineer May 2001 
Operational Career Components 


0 1 2 3 

First and Second 


Lieutenants 


Onlcer Troops 

Baslc 

Course 

i

i 

I 

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Career- FUTE- cawin Field 

~esipnatioo Desrgnalion 

Eng8neerCaptan's 1 

Careercourse /Company-Grade' Command ~ i Branch- : Slaff 

Combinod-Arms Oilallilcatlon college and Servlces ~lalt / Requ,rements Schooi ...I 

~ompaily 

Command 

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 

Malor Lieutenant Colonel 

Major Battalion~Level 1 Senlor /

Branch- Fleld-Grade I Servce 

Qllalflcsl~or Branch- 1 College 

Requirements Qual~t~cal~on, Requlremonts I 

1 

23 24 25 

Colonel 

Br~gade~Level 

Command 

Utilization 

Professional Development 

Eng~neerOfficer Bast Course/ 

Engineer Captiids Career Course1 

Combned~Arms and Serv~ces Staff School 1 

LeulenantTime 3 

Calnpany Branch Qualrt8caton 2 

Command Statf College 1 

Field~Gmde Branch Ouallflcatlo!l 2 

Battalion Command 2 

Senor Sewlce College 1 

Brigade Command 2 

Total years 14 

t=Pr~mnryZone Pramaton Board 

Ths chart is based on intornlation n Figure 16-1. DA Pam 600-3. 

to Arlny Reaul:!tion (AK) 350-100. Offi<.ci. Ac1ii.c 1)rrrv Srr>,ii.<, 

Branch-Qualified Requirements 

Acttve ComponenVHesewe Componenl 

U.S M~liiary Academy 


Army Staff 


US. Army Recr~ilhng Command 


Jolnl 


Advanced CIV School 


Resewe Oflicer Tianing Corps 


ObsewerlConIroller 


Depanment of Public Works 


FunctorialArea 


US. Army Corps ai Engineers 


Small-Group instructon 


Brand, lmmater!al 


Cont:ct your au\ignlnrnt officer liulii tinie in limc. Inf<,l.m 11s 

Oliiig~irioii.,: AR 635100 O/~~c~~,-P~i.rorrr~cl:ari\K635-121l.(~fico when you an.i\-c tit a duty 1nc;ilioti and. nlost impol-r;~ntly. Ict os 

Rer<qooiii,,~.\o,rd Ui.~ck~i,.,i.e\. 


,,.,,II. ti, ens tli,t of,icers ;asigned t,, rcceiie 
 tlleii 

s,.ation ofcl,oiceul,o,l ,,r, hot :,re leviewi,,gtllc optiunofp-o\.idina 

s,,atioll ofchoice ;Issigl,n,r,,ts i,rNB~Cms,,,lo ,,aluntcel-Rl-tllr 

lllonth tourti, the CCC, O,lce oflicer5 

lieotcnant pic~mirlahlz. thcy will he able to request the one-yctil- tour ti, 

Korea. clvr thc tcrur. iittetirl the CCC. a~i(i pn>cced tn their station of 

choiceTliis would he an oppol-r~inity toco~iiplete ;in o\,crsens tour, gain 

' ralllahlc cnginrrrcxpcl-ience. and get a srnlionuf choice. 

l;ire scl,cduline l~ennanent-chall f~srntii,I1 ,PCS, 

knou.uhe~~ you takea>ti~pany c(,mlnaod. Ailer 6 nialtlir ofcom~nand. 

five us a cnll and ae can lhc$iii ti, addrubr- -with yoii and your chain 

of c~~~n~~iiit~il-S~~ll~~w-~~ti branch-qo;llificd captitin nssig~l~iients. For . 

ofiicerscon\idainp ad\~a~icedciril sch,~olirigop!intls, ilis brsttc take 

yuurgwdna'e recorcl criirn~nation helive t;ikinp conipany coni~natid. 

''"y coli'"'and. 

Famiii;rrize yu~irself\ritli Dcp;istment oftlic Am~y Paliipliler (DA 

Pun1 600-1. C,,rrriiii.ssinr#crI Office. I>nrc/op,rrcnr (rrrd CIII.PL,I 

M<,no,qvnra,rl. It's yoor bihlc lucareer success. It contains iafi,rmation 

on leader dcvclopment. careel timeliar. educolion. fttnctionnl areas. ! to pl;in amund Ilie \chool yean The CCC follow-on assi~ntiietirs ;ire 

exempt fro111 thir initiative. 

pcrao,lnel is sri,clyinp l,c iml,~,ctofle~iving on slntioIl dul.i,tiun tl,eii- inFtead the,,, 

im,,ledi~ltely after crlt,lplcring thrir hrancll~ilo~ilillin, p,,sition, 

being discussed i\ ~nlakingKol-rsa 24-month acconlpanied tour. 

Suiy tuned for marc infor~i~i~tion! 

Your Obligations 

For ).our benefit. ensure that yoor canliicl infnrm;ttion (home 

and duty phone nomhcr, and e-mail and Ihiinic a(ldrcsscs) ic up to 

(late with ynur assiptlmen! offlcer. Ensul-c th:lt yuo have a current 

photo on file at PERSCOM. Variin~s ietiior lclldcrc i-e\,ieu yoor file 

for a \,ariety of reasilils (catisidel-ation for oide-dz-camp, hrziiich 

selection boards. ;111dother nooiinarivenssi~ti~iic~its). Matiy officer, 

have lost an opportul~ity to make a fnvor.ahle impressio~i by nut 

hauine ;in updated photo in tlicii file. 

mo,,es lor the su,llnler possible, ;,llows fiInlilies a11d career-field decig11;ition. W reccii'e numerous inql~iries coticemitip 

sul'Jccts. 

Our NBQ cipmins ;ire critic;il to the socccss of engineel. onit, 

toclay. and ;IIIle;ldcrs mllst cnsulr that tlie,c officers ale trained and 

ready tu lead i>ur Rcginiunr to~ii<,l-ru\r.. Wc nrc c<ini~nitterl lo giving 

eve~yc~~tisidelntion to;lc~ig~iingtlicright ollicer. \\it11 the ri.111 \kills. 

lo thc rig111 ilnlt. at tlic right time. 

C.'(i/>IoinGrjjti,,i.s r/w I ~ r ~ ~ ~ /,-</~,~,/ifi<~~/~<~~/~~~~i~

o.~.sii.~z,,zc~~r.v ~ ~ ,!/riwr:

F:~~#i~irr, Hmnch. Per~oiiii?/ Lhtn,r~n,rd(PEK.SCOMI. P,-~~.ior,s 

~rs.si~r~nit~,ir.s iiiclirilc, firrrrw-wn~liiicrr r![li<r,:tIqxiiico. Arrrrrrh. 

PER.TCOM:oI>scr~~o--~oirfi~~I/~~~-rririii~~,: 2~/7irrirzir,gSr/1/~,,r Honaiioir 

(E:~j,si~c,cr/. /.71/! SU/I/I,I~I Bfi,yud<,: <.II~!/X!!~V c~~~nt!iutz~/e!; .i81/1 

~rii~,s,)oi~i~ilior,Br~rlo/ii,i~, /.,I Eii~i,rc,er/~rigadi: S.lu,!do.s.~irmriiS.t. 

461h E,r,siii~r,rRnrtolk,r!. 1Vrirrioi- Brigade: <o,rz/,a,iy <,.rcclirirrr?(fi<.~,: 

8411, E,r,qi,rpri- C'oin/~a,ry2d ilr,rio,rd Cm-ob.? It~,~!,,~iwr: /,kiklo,r 

Ipndo: 102d E,i,gi,~e~i- G,,rr/xer\: 19911, .Sp/xirtrre /,tfi,ni,.y Ni.i~a11~. 

CPTGriffinisogrodiinri~frlrail.S.A~-~ii~~~~i~r~iCr~rr~lid~~r

(11ii1ii/~irr.rtii~ry n ,qlndi(tir~d~~jiwr /il,,lr WCDSIF~ Ur>il.(wil~. 

Mu?.2001 Engineer 67 

I 
CTC Notes Connnandcr\ and primary staffofficers tend to uiew river 

crossings as an engineer operation instcad of a complex 

combined-alms oneration. Units seldom ~lana river-crossi~in 

operation as ;I cotnhined-arms operation using all of the 

available sti~lfexpertise. Past Warfightel- exercises liave 

sh(~wntlii~tengineers will liave tlie "rose pinned on tlie~n" 

for developing the corps or division river-crossing plan. 

The staff engineer produces the written river-crossingplnn 

;~ndincludcs it as an appendix to the engineer annex. Cros5-

BOS analysis is scldotii conducted. and details of thc rivcr 

crossing are not noted in the base older. Also, hrigadelevel svaffs fail IO conduct detailed rivor-crossing plannine Rattle Comma~idTrainingProgram (BCTP) based on the division's plan and l':lil to acljust these plans 

2000 RCTP Perceptions for \lol~ility/Survivability based OII current enemy and fricndly situations. 

BJ Licrrrr,~rur~lC~I/OI~~/ Scoi! Ri<.kcll IJnits assign river-crossing operations to si~hordi~iatr units 

and do 1101 l~rovidethe required support. Corps and

Eacli year. the BCTP co~isolidatessignificant lessons di\,isiolls typically su~ordinate to conductriver. 

lcar~icdusa~-esult of Wi~rfighterexercises.Developed opcratiolls witlloLlt giving tlleln sLl~~icicllt 

for each Battlcficld Operating Syste~ii(BOSI. lhcse rcs~,llrcesilnd sllpporl, c~~~,\ Il,nst olloc;llc sufficient 

Ir,\otis learned hecome 8('TPPi,,r.cpiinii.~.Tu,oof three BCTP Irsourceh to cro5hing diuisions,(Note,,ery division 

Pclrcptionsfor200(1 forthe mohilitylsur\~iwbility(MIS) BOS- to collduc, ol,posed river tllerehre, c\.cry 

Commanders and staffs do not take adequate actions to di\.isionneeds ri\,er.crossingassefs,, ~i~~i~i~

cou~iteractenemycountermobility effortsand Commanders allllC3te SLll.~iciClltresoul.ces alld support lo cro\sing 

donot maximizecountermobility capabilitiesoreffects-i~re brigZldes.~~~i~;~ll~. divisions will as\ets down 

ex?-yoberslir)~i~the 1999BCTPPerceptions(seetheNo\:eniher cmss,llg brigailes, wllatis sul,l,osed to he a divisi(,,, 

I999 issue of Grginro-). The third BCTP Perception focucs deli,,el.,lle crossing inlo brigade cros,ings 

on deliherate ri\e~cn~ssinpoer;~rions.In scvcr:~lWarfighter tllat arc sync~lroni7erl M,itll pl:ln, corps 

excrci\cs. co~nmandersand slnffs have struggled with planning :~nddivisions have aplanning a~idresoi~rcingrcsponsihiliry 

anrlcxccutingdelibe~.atcrivcr-cr~~ssingopel-ntions. It isapparent fc,r river-crossing operations, For instance, corl,s will 

that thcse operations liavc hecome a lost art. The following c~c,cl,ip the deception and lrsourcc ,his fi,l. 

perceptions address tlie problems illat we have ide~itificd division.s river cl-ossing, c~~~,~ ;Illd divisions 

tluring W~rfightcrcrelcisrsnnd lists sonie tactics. techniques. must illso i~ssistin sctting the condition5 fol-subordinate 

and ixocadures (TTP). units' river-crossing operations. An example ofthis would 

Perceptioir: Corni7randers ai~dslaffr du rzvf plait or be the corps providing additional artille~yand aviation 

synchrurti~eriver--cru.~singopcmfioizs. assets 10 conduct deep attacks ngaitist enemy artillery which 

could influence the crossing sites. Discrrssinn: Comnlnnders and staffsat the cor1,s and division 

levels struggle with planning and execuling deliberate riucr- TTP: 

crossi~~gopcrations. This perception has three componciits: Unitsconducring a dc1ihcrate1-iver-crashing operation nrust 

, do llc,t and ullits do not set, conditions concluct a cross-BOS analysis ofconditi<~~~s to be inet :?nd 

to river.cro5sing operatiolls, is no single 111~1sclearly identiry GOINO-GO critcria forthe operatio11 

doctrinalsoltreelllat cleal.ly cullditionsunils haseed <III those conditions. The sratcd conditions should 

must meet to c<lnduct crossillg.Typically, will be ~iestedin the corps/di\-ision base opcrntiuns order, and 

slate ,lie [hat must be they do nol the status of thcse conditions should he briefed :ti BUBs. 

conduct ;I cr-oss-BOS analysih of these conditions and do Units mt~stde\.elopand cxccule det;~iled,synchronizedplans 

not develop plans that allow the necess;uy c<~l~ditions to that tlllow the necessary condilions to be met ;lnd tle\,elop 

hc iiiet. Alho, staffsdo not clearly ide~~tifyGOINO-GOcritelia conti~~gc~lcies that address the failure lo set those 

for tlie river crossing based on meeting the conditioos. nor conditiotis. Also. conditiotis set hy suhordinate units must 

do they de\,elop contingencies that adtil.ess the failure to be nested with tliose set by the higher hcadqna~ters. 

set thcconditions. Typically. a divisioli will idcritify a set of 

,~i~~~ cn,ssillgs are colnplex coln,,ined.arms o,,cratilllls, 

conditions tl1;11inus1 bc met to conduct a successful river Engineers provide the lncanr and \upport to corps and 

ciossing. Ol'ten. suhordinalc hrig~ldeswill identify a sel of division ri\.cr crossings, hut llley sllould not tlevelol) conditions to he met for the crossing. but these n~ndition entil.c river.crossing plan, BOS inteeration 

;Ire no1 linked to the division's conditions. Seldom is the syncllroniLalion are key lo executing 

stntus of these conrlitions hriefed at battle-upd;~tehriers s,,lccess~l river.cl.oss~ngopcrilti~llls, unitsmllsl river. 

(BIIBs). 
crossing opertiticins as a co~nhincd-armsoperation. 

Maneovcrplnnnws at the divi\ion lcicl lliurt take tl~clc;td 

on dc\cloping the dclihcl-ate river-cro\sing plan. 

A ril.er.cr,lssillg ol,el-;llion sh~,,lil he included ;Is ol 

the conibiiicd-arm\is rehci~rsal.Units that conduct det;~iled 

rivepcrossitlg rc~lcars;llsgcllcr;lllyIlore silcces,ful than 

units that do iiot. 

111addition to tliese TTP. thc following arc rcco~hime~ldatio~is 

fortfi~i~~i~ig illdeliberate river-crossing opert~tions: 

Conduct combined-;~rtnshattlc-~talltrairrin~athrig;~dc;u~d 

dit:isii~nlevels which focuses on planning 2nd caccuring 3 

dclihcmte i-iver-cn~s\i~igopclxtioo. I~icluilctile use of 

simulations. soch as Joit~tAr~nyINnvyU~~iI'ortnSi~iii~li~fio~~ 

(JANUS) or Corps n;~ttleSimulation (CHS), during this 

t~ainit~?. 

m Plan and co~~til~ct n dcliher;ite I-i\er-cr(>ssing(~peralionat 

the lni~~hc5t;rtioii if o \%:ater~vayand a\scts arc a\.;iilahle. If 

an :h>\;atlt [loat-bridge company or ~niullimlcbridge compltn) 

is not located at yoill- post. coonlinatc with the Rescrw 

Co~riponcnt.O\.cr70perccntofo~1rbridge assetsarcintlic 

Army National GuardorU.S. Ammy Reherye. a~~dthey nould 

he 111ol-cth;~nurilling to pat.ticiptltc in an active divisioli'\ 

tleliheratc river-crossing opcr;~tion. 

Fro~ns BCTP st;lndpoint. include river-cro\sin@opel'atioi~s 

in the trend-reversal process 2nd i~icludci<)cusedir~talioti 

on rivel--cmssin~opcr:~rionsin h~turcW;~rligI~terexercise. 

Conclusion 

Blallllille ;,,,(Iexecuting deliberate ri\,er.crossine 

ol,ei.otions hLrebecolne lostart, F~~, ullitSllilVethe 

opl,Ortunityto a delihcl.ate river~cr,lssing 

optration ns part of thzir home-station training. This is due in 

p;~rtto the loss oi'ttie divisio~~al assault tloat-bridge cornpa~~ies. 

The engineer co~nmunitytni~srimpress upon maneuver 

cornma~tdersthat a delihelxtc river crossing is a complex 

combined-arms opel-;~tion:it takes the entir-e combincd-;~mis 

team to plan and execute a successful ri\ser-crossitlg operation. 

The Jnfi~ntryand Armor Centers should ;ict as tlie lead in deliberate river-crossing operations. while thc Enpincer. Attiller),. 

and Chemical Schools should assist in future doctrine 

dcvclopmetit. 

LTC Hi(.kpll is tlir ~~~~~hi/if~~surl~ir~n/~iIit~ BOS ciiii;ffor 

RCTP 0l1crrttir~it.sGroup Hi-(ii.o(11 Fovr L~nrrttr!~o~th. Kan.~os. 

Rqfirc, rlri\ ~~.ssi,~irrnent. iir so.i~e(1o.r rhc o.s,sisf~mtdii~isioir 

(v~l(ilr~(.rf/\DE).4th ii!/iiiili.\.I)ii,i,si(117,o11tlS3.588th E?~,yillror 

Urrfioliuii. 4111it!fiir~tr-\-IIir.i,sio?!. LTC Rickril hns also ,srn,cd 

inl~(lric,Li,r c.O,,l,, lan~oilr~,v1qlf'p,,,sitioll,s;l~~il~i,~iorlri~m,~ro,ps 

coitzhot-~~n,yi~,ro. hnrmlion.~. 

~ ~ ~-p~~~ 

Attention Units! 

(S~III/II,~,Y, i~otilii!ri~~(/,~~~ri~ /xr,y~?6.j) 

Juiiior Icadcrs. do not sit on your itle;~,. Do not heco~ne 

cynicill ofplr~cecluresorcmbittel-edby slo\\ progress. Take the 

wordsofthe MAUSCEN Co~nni;lt~derM,~jovGener:il Anders R. 

Aiidlil~ld.to lict~rt:"Tlhillk thrc~i~ghproblems and let lire k~iow 

wh;u you aould do it YOU ivcrc the CG.DON'TCOMPLAIN."" 

Use y1111rSCII~O~ IC~I~CI-s to COI~YE~your thol~ghts.Win llheir 

suppolt by being dctnilecl. ~~lor,,lig~l.and constl,,ctiveill your 

an;iiysis. 2nd they \\.illni:~keyiorcause their own. Ar~iiyti~iieis 

;Iunluablc co~ii~iiodity. illld linditig tirile lo work issues outside 

ofo~~r daily jobs seems all hut impos\ihlc. Ihelicvc. Iiowever. 

that de\,rlcipin:! Ilic i'l~tureOF tlie Engineer Rcpirnc~irshould 

slid must be a p:irI of our daily n~uti~lc. rcgartlless of where we 

\vorh.Tl~cEti~i~ieerKeginre~~l.~I~~-riu~li tlic E~iginccrSchiiol.is 

I1-ansrortninp_the nay enpi~iea-swill do busi~tcssin the year5 

ahcad. and it is doing rhis adn~ivahly.Wc must also do our pirrt 

hec;~i~scour thooghts and ideas will help give substtincc ;~nd 

rlialx to tlic somewhat nebulous Suturc. 

Ah Licutcn:~t~t Gcnel-ill B;~ll;~rclsaid at ENFOKCE 2000. wit11 

regard lo thc i~~tiireoC tlic Engi~ieerRegiment. "We must ;st 

aillectively . . . hccomc 1111)re:1d3ptablc. . . i~ndbecome nrore 

tlexihlz.""'Let us work tllc iss~~es;~sourAmiytfi~n\forrnsintothis 

lightweight. tcch~iologic;~lly\upet-io~..and lethal pnu.erhoi~se.Let 

us tell oul-soldier5 that we care about tlici~.wcll':~rcand want to 

increasetheir surviv:~hilityon tliis increasin~lya~~nplex bi~ttleficld 

oftlie future \o they can return lhiime s;~i'clyto tlieir hmilies. Let 

us qucflion our TTP: asjess ourtrainit~gaids, devices. simulatiirs. 

and simulations (TADSS): ;uid cvnluatc our equipment to scc if 

they suit ourf~~tureopcr-atinsneed\. Let us implctnent the me:lns 

aid the way to 11-ainour engi~ieerh.mnking them better expcl-[s 

so we can win! If we can't. 1Iic11al least "Let us try!" Essayo~is! 

hl 

fi,l,~u,-,l i,,(,p/t,roo,, lii,i,r<,,.fi,,. [hr E,,~;,,~~,. ~//i(.~ 

r<(,,$ic, c,~ttr.,~,.R C<~I,,I>,,~,?, .7.541/1 fi:t~gir~~,c,rBu~~<t/io,t, Fcjri L~,o,ri,u/ 

k\ji,o~l, ,Vi.~.souri.b'or,~,~r <~.s.\i,q~~~,~<~~rt,s iuc,iiu/<~/1/0100tt /,wde,: C 

CO~?I)X!~?. 326111Et!,yi>!wr ~~rll~ili~~~r, <!MI <,.rt,(.~,liw,!flicc,r; HH7: 2-

i71/1Cu\~,i/j:v.S~!I~I~/J?~II. P-08~1C<I!~I/I/?<*//,K~r!I!!<~ky. 

Endnotes: 

' ENFORCE 21100 Cr,~ilc~c~lcc note.. May 20011. 

2 IhiJ. 

' Ibid. 

' Ihid. 

')hid. 

" Brtgadicr Ge~lri:ilIRclisudl Hnba \Vas\ dc Cxgc ;in<lM;tior J;sub D. 

Ric\rr. Sir Cwnprlling 1dc;~ron rl~cRoad to ;I F~ltwoAIII,~.''ARMY. 

Vol. 51. No.?. Fcbrllnry 2001. pp. 43-46. 

' TRADOC P;nnphlet 525~5,ir,rir XXI O~?,.rrr,ro,t\. 1p;iit 01' iron1 

illalerial. no I?:!$? inulrlhc~). 

Many post offices will not deliver mail without a street address. ' I.icn~c~~;tnl Cicoelal Jot N. R.illnrd. "One Rtgiment. One F~shl." 

Please contact us to update your mailing address if the one we ~~'xifl~,~,~. "01. 29. April 1494. TIP l)-1 I 

' MANSCFN CG Philosphy. 

old address and your telephone number, as well as the corrected '' ENFORCE 2000 no~cb. 
ENGINEER UPDATE 


Directorate of Training (DOT) 

XIC-I Tester. Sevel-al months ago. ail e-naail message was sent to unit\ thnt lniiy have ;I lanrizotilal construction mi\sion 

requiring tiic use of the MC-I Tester (NSN 6635-01-030-68961. Thc ilicss;!pe a~ntairletl iniport;~nt si~ietyllegal inhi-mation rcg;~rding 

the hlC-I. If your unit ha such a ~nissinn and did no1 receiie the iiicss;~gc, please contact thih office. 

POC is SFC Brian I. Naring. 37593: DSN -7593: or c-moil iirriii,ql~io'nou~l.~ir-irr\:n~il. 

WAUTEI)! W'arrant Officer .\pplic;tnts. \Ve need qualilicd MOS 8 ITS. E5 or aboic. with 4 lo I? ye:lrs ,,l'scrvicc time, to apply 

lc~r the MOS ?15D Teri-sin Analy5is Teclitiician Warrant Officer Progr:~tri. Tlic duty description is in Department ol' the Army 

P;tmplilct 61 1-21. Miliro,:r. O~~i~iq~~rrioii Cl(rs.si/iiirti,,iz rrird Srr-~~~rrtn.. For infi,rmatioti on how to heco~aie 3 warrant officer. go ta 

rlic W,~rr;atit Officer Career Center's Iic~mc page nt lrrr~~://lcrn~-it~~~~~~:~~~-~r~~.~~zii/~~o~~~% 

POC i.; CWJ Frederick Kerher. 34088: DSN -4088: or e-ni;ail ir,i~~~f@~lnod.~~r~~~y.rriii. 

Increased Enlistment Contract fix MOS 5lM Firefighter. Iiiirial teim iutentioti for this MOS i\\s,cil hciow tl~e Arniy ;lvera:c. 

Ieavinp this MOS with a I-educed E5 populatiot~. Effectibe FY02. the 51M cnlisl~aicnt contract \\-illhe 5 years. 

POC is SFC Jorse Rios. 373 1 1 : IISN -77 1 I:or e-n~;~il rio.~j@ti~ood.ii,irr:iriiI. 


Engineer Xlan~rals and R.llssion Training Plans (R.I'TPs) on the Gweral Dennis J. Reimrr I.ihrary. Not all engineer inaterials 

huic lhcen poated to the Rei~nc~ I.ihrary. llthe publication you need has ~u>t heeta pricled, conwt this office. For a list of cnpineer 

manuals 011 thc Gc~~cr;~l Dennis J. Rcirncr Library, po to ~i.ii~~n~1~lrdl.~1,7m:~~1iI/~~~~//.s.l~~i and click on "Enter the Library." Select 

"Field Manuals" on tlic lcCt drop-do\via naetiaa ;and "Engineel" on llic right drop-down iaicn~i. Click "Submit." For a list of bl'Tf'\. 

po to the urn? Web site and cnrcr tlic lihl.iary ILI ~elcct "Missin~a nltininp Pliins" and then llie desired MTI? 

POC i\ Mr. Reggie Snodgl-ass. 37762: I>SN 7762: or e-in;aii srio~l~l~,.iir.@~r~n~~l.orrrt~.r~iil. 

Engineer I~ssons 1.earned. We :arc _ectti~~g a tricklc of ;articles ;lnd ~I~ILCone SOP (j.o111 field unit\. Tlicse nc*' iteiiis can he 

found on tlic Ccntcr fnr Engineer 1,easons [.earned p;tge of the Engineer School Wch site. Please continue tr1 forward ally 

enginccr lehsnni learned fi?m exrrciscs ~anrl operati~ns: others III;I~ *.ell heneiil liom your experiences. 

POC i*Mr. Reggie Snod~rass. 37762: IISN -7762: or c-mail .sno~l~,vi-(~~~~oo~l.~~rr?iy.~~~i/. 

I'rofessional Engineer (PI',) License. Tlic Engiilecrinp Divi~ion of the Departn~enl of instruction continue^ to scrve ;as the 

Engineer School PO(' lor cnldiel-s who are seeking infortaiation :ahout ob~tining their PE license. '10 assist atiyonc intc~lestcd in 

this suh,iect. we nlainlain ;IWeb p;age (n.n-rm~~no~l.~irr~~~.r~r,ii/ENGI?/r~~,~i~:Itrt) tIi;~t pro\.ides general ini'orrni~tioti bout registcl-ing 

rnilita~y personnel 2nd Dcpartnicnt ~dDefense ci\.ilian employees as PE\. 

POC is Rlr Kenny light. 35655: USN -5655: 01- e-mail lightkWitoo~/.~ii,i~yriiil. 

Terrain Vis~valizntinn I1 Cn-ROIZI. The Tcrlxiii Visualization IICD-ROM is now coliiplzte. Copies \be!-c mailed to tlic combat 

trninit~g centers: ;acti\,e, Reserve. iind National Guard h:lttalions: sclccted higher heodqoarters; other branch schools: ii~id 

various ageiicies. 

POC is MAJ Chris Kua~ncr 37060: 1)SN -7060: or e-mail kirrrirer~@~an~,drrrnly.niii 

Sittiational Obstacle Training Support Plan (TSP). For some liine. the cnrnb;tt ti.;iiniiig centers (CTCs) 11;ave rcported 

ituatio~ial-obtacle plnni~iog as a ~icfative trend. To help rcvcrsc that trend, use havc developed n Situ:rtional Obslocle TSP In 

addition ICI aupmenring instruclion for the Engilleer Ol'ficer Baric Course and tlic Engineer Captain's Career Course. we 

anticipate that this TSP will 11clp rcinl'orce planning 21 tlac unit level. Tlre TSP U,;IS sent to the CTCs. cti@iricer brigades. 

divisional engineer sections. and engineer group,. 

POC is CPT Dan Smith. 35582: DSN -582: or e- nail sirrirlr~Io@w~~~I.~~r~~t~,~~~iI~ 

Lesson Plans; Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures; and Other Products. Ttie Tactics LVeh page is continoally grou.in_e. We 

currently have a number of products ovailahle, including the Situ;~tiol~sl Obstiicle TSP. plantling eid for co~llhar engi11ee1.s. 

obstacle pl;~nnins c;~lcularors, and an assislant brigade engineer hirlllehook. Also. links to the I'eri.;ain Visualilalirrn Center ;~nd 

the new Terrain Virualiz:ition 11 Multin~edia Tt~torial are oo tlic Weh site. These are located at i~rll~://~~i~~~~:~i~ood.oriri~

j'rodrrt.l%.hzrii. A slidc show on the Enyineer Captain'r Carcer Course can be downloi~ded and used for oficcr professional 

developmentlNCO development progreln clnsser from ~~~~~://~I~~I~~I~-~~~~.I~;~~~~.~I

MOI)'k~2OI~-E1i~i1~~~et-~b207'i~~:fi~.s. 


POC is MAJ Michdcl Kinard or Mr. Ed Ziclonka. 3559337061: DSN -459217061; or e-mail ki~r~rrdnrC~wo~/.~~i'm~.~or-

;ie/orikc(o\~rood,ur~~t~.~iiil. 
hlubile l'raining Teams ih.ITTs). TL\Omine-;~~irrenessMTT courbcs arc irvnilable: one i\ for ;rII arms ;tiid the other is 

engineel--specific. Wr rccoiiir~ie~i~l tninu-:~a;al-cnev traiiiilig iiirhin 3 month\ of dcployriiciil. Sincc our c;~lcndasis fillitig up. 

plc:,se crjnt:st u\ ;is s~ioi~;I$ pi,ssihle 50 we c:,n schedule li~etraining. Units are icilr~ircdti1 pay associated costs. 

POC is h,lqior Mark Gril'i'in. 34134: IISN 4134: or c-ni;til g,-iflirii~ia@~t.oo</.~rrrnnmil. 

Training ,\ids. We c:~nliclp you procure nine-identification hoards and i~idivid~~~l lplastic mine, for !,oiir uiiit iiiino-au.~reties\ 

trainink. Rc Ihiive sollle 01: tl~eccitems oil ha~ldtinil can crrnncct you u,ith supp1icr.s. 

POC is klr, hlihc White. 135578; DSN -5578: iir c-m;~ili~~/rii~~f~~iCn'nor~(/.iir~r~~.i~~i/. 

Trainin): Circular (TC) 3-34.489, Tire Soldier. RII~the l<n~~ir.o~~nrrsf. This pi~hlicationis scheduled for i-ulea\c 3Qf'YOI. 11 

riles ~II~I~II~III n p o l I reinil c~i~iiilics for psr~icctin: lhe cn\~irotinictil.Inf~rniatirrnin the TC nil1 

help roldicr\ 111;1kcrespon\iblc decisions ;ih(>uithe cn%~iron~netit. It is :tic c(,riipanion u, FR1 3-100.1. Eii~'i,.n~iir,ct~to/ (b,~.si<lui-<~tioire,v 

in Rlilii~iisOprr<ilio,zs (.lunc 201101. 

POC i<klAJ Johtr \Vhitfield. .35(*17: LfSX -5647: or e-tn;~ili~hi(fi~j@~ii~~~iod.o,iriv.i~iii. 

En~ironn~ental \Tell Sites. Thc Oftice oi !lie 1)ireclos oi Envis~~tin~enti~l Pn~fs;i~iis' hon~epi~gciu~l-i~:/~q~L~.ir~'~~r~.~~~i/

eiri'j is ;it1 eacell~ntsite i11r "~~tii~~ii~iii~i~tim ittid inh~t~~ni~tici~i ~C~\VCCIIiniir.j(~rAnn)' co~ii~nondc."The \it? iv :IISIIan i~liclassil'ied 

itilorni;~tio~i soulce I.111. ;dl pitstlei iiiteseslcd in ilic Arniy's Conipliuocc I'ropi-am. Tlis l.!.S.smy fnviron~iieiitalCenler (USAEC) 

honic p~gcI/"I/I:A~~,C.~~~~!I~.III~/J is another cxczllciit sitc 1,s crilici~linioroi;~ti~ril pcsl:tining ti] eii\~iri~iirnetit,il compli;~ncc.The 

CSAEC p~i)vidcstechnical services to IIQDA. mifior Aniiy co~nt~iond\. arid cotiitiiander\ ;~n(lsl\o i~ltegsnte\.coonlin;~te.and 

overaces irriplctneniati~ii1rif tlie Al-lily's cn~il-o~i~~iei~t;lI progr~~msSix .Arm). st;iSi. 

lJOC is MAJ John Whitfield. 15617;USN 5647: or c-11i;iiI ~iiii1ficj9~~~oo~/.~ii~~1~.,iii. 

Engineer-Focused Battic Stslf'l'raining System (KFBSTS). In talc CYOO. the Engineer Schoo1.s seli-p:~ccd. Intcrt~et-based. 

corrstr~ictivctraining progum 1r1r enpinecr itaff rillicers :md NCOi was approved as an i\s~~iyCorrespr~iideticeCaul-se Piogra~n 

coorcc. Four ot thc cour\cs Iin\,e heen added lo tlic Keimcr Digit;tl l..ihr;try. u'ith the re~ni~inder ti, he ;added di~singthe neat feu. 

months, l'hc cu~nplcleilcourse\. includirig the new final cum. are ;~v;~iloblc;~t/~II~~://I~~I~~~~:~~~/~~I.~III~~~.III~~/~II~I/,S./~I

The re~iii~it~iti~ 

course5 re still ;~vailnblethrough Mr. Skintier. 

I'OC ic Mr Bohby Ski~~ner, 36243: DSN -6213; i~rc-ninil sl~i,iirerbCn.oo~/.~~~~~~~,~~,i/. 

I7olcanoTrainers. A rekxici;lhle Vo1c;rno training c;!nistcr is heit~gilevcloped hy the piogram iii;ln;l:icr and rvill be fielded to 

support CTC\ and horiie-slatioii training, This canister will reduce the i~vel.i~llcost irl training on ilic groond- and air-delive~erl 

V~rlcanos.It will be ahlc to deploy tlie new iriine-effect \imul;~tur (VMES), which is hcinp dc\,eli?pcd to replace tlic cutrent mineeffect simol;rlor Ibr use at the CTCs. or a single "dog-hone slug. Tlie VMES ivill provide the incnns to dcploy i~realistic Vrilci~no 

~nincriel<l.It is cusrcntly in Pli;i,e I.which is sclicd~~lcdfur coiirpletion at tbe ciid i,l'Septc~iibcrOf. Fielding dates arid sclo;ld cost\ 

are nil1 known at this titile. Tlic VMES. wit11 its i~npriivcmcnts.\*.illFu~ictionwith the CTC inslrumetitntinn syhtcln. 

Fire one tinrc unly until I-cset. 

m Contain repl:ice;~hle hnltcries (2 AA). 

m Have a locator huuer ;~ctioa\edlhy the cuntroller "gun" to aid in rcco\'ery. 

m Be deployed hy Volcano using the reloadablr c;~~iistcror e~~iplauedby hand. 

m Be tared tor ;Imininium of 511 deployments. 

POC is Mr. Joe Decket. .74146: DSN 4146: or e-mail rlcrlr.~j@~~~~~~~~l,~iu~~~.~~~il. 

Directorate of Training Development (DOTD) 

Field Rlanual lipdate. The ii,llowii~gfield ~nmuals(FMs) hil\'e recently been cent lo ATSC for printing and distribution. Look 

for then1 on [lie Rei~nerDifital L.ibl';~ry at /zii~~:///~i.?l7.~SS~'i/~il~//.r.l~ri,. 

Cha~ige2 to FM 3-31.2, C~~~~rhii~i~d~,~ Orciirliiiry O/?r~-urioiis.This 3-page ch;~n~ccorrects a figure del~iclinpthc 

Sraptncnlatiii~izi~lieibs firing (lie mine-clc;rrinp line charge (MICLIC). (The iirivard aild ,r:ir\vard dimensions \$ere revencd.) 

Clia~lpcI tu FM 5-34. Dt#inri,r. Field Doi<i. This cli;~riyc corrects sonle tiiisinSi~i'tii;~iionoil hridpinf. mines. and obstecle 

s!tnhol\. 
Cha~ngeI 11, FM 5-125. Ri~gbi,qT<,i/z,ii~jiris.Piir~cdirri,.~, rr,~i/Aj~,~/i~~iiio,is, This ch;i~igcinstitutes sc~eraltechoic;il revisions 

to brine the ~nani~nl a~itliiiiAniericnn National Standards lnstit~~te.;tand;lrd\. It techiiicelly outlines the wear conditions at 

which %'irerope mu\[ he discarded as ui~ser\'ice;~hle.The changes deal with oorin;~lwcirr. hirdci~gcs.kinks, popped cores. ;ind 

electrical daiirage. Dri~n~-v,ireoperations are addrc.\qed. as well as new figures for rope lay. wedge sockst, ha\kct-socket end 

fitting\. and attaching h;~sketsockets by pouring. 

POC ih Snodni Gibsoi~.3765 I: DSN -7611: r,r e-mail gibroii.~@ii~n~~d.~i,ir~n~i/. 

Directorate of Combat Developments (DCD) 

M172hl Series 25-'I'on Semitrailer. We !need to kilo\+ the coiidition of all M172AI sernitrailcrs ill ensineer u~iits.The 

Ml72Als were iiianuf,~cturzdhetwecn 1971 and lg75 and have a 11sei11Ilife enjiectnnc) of 10 years. Currently. the Army has 879 

excess MI72AIs. so program~i~ingft~tidsto replace the Ml72Als until tlic excess trailers arc dispoccd of im~yhc diilicult. Mre 

F~COI~II~CI~C~ tliat ii~~its that havc local dircct-511pport meintcnance acli\ilics or a Ilirectol-ale (IS Logistic\ conduct a 100 percent 

technical inspection (TI) and c~~mplctz a cost repair sheet (ECOD) for each R;1172-\I. If a trailer exceed the !nilitill-y-expenclirure 

lirn~t.code it out so escesh trailers can he dihtrihuted. Send ciipies of yoor 'TI\ t(r: RIANSCEN LXU. Engineer Di\'ision. AI'TN: 

SFC Perzuti. 320 bIANSCEN Loop. Suite 141. Fzorl Leooai-d Wood. MO 65473-892'1. We \?ill forward thrsc rcsolts to the 

Conihined Arms Suppcirt C'om~naod(CASCOM) DCD for appropriatc action. 

POC is SFC Scott I'?zzuti. 37357: DSN -7357: or c-moil j1c;;ir/i.~~~~~oo~/.~ti7l??.ii,ii. 

hliee-Awareness kline-Detection Equipment. Therc is ;I technology npgradc availi~hleiirr Llic ANII'SS-I? lniilie dctilctl:~is 

tliat will improve soldier \ol-~ii;~hiIity;ind dciectii,~~clfcctivcne\s. eipcciiilly in rnet;illic anillor iiiinel-alized sr~ils.The up~r~dc is 

aiail;ihlc ;LS ;I ~nodific;~tiiinwork oidei (MWO). We are ~\'i,rkingto get hnding lio~ntlnc i2rnmy Materiel Commaoil (AMC) for the 

hlW0 npplici~tion.which would then hc dwe ;it tlic loc;il inst;~ll;itionlevel. WL.I-e~uestthat 1111it c(~~n~ini~tnl:lcrs i5h0 Iliive tllc AN/ 

I'SS-I? in theii- ~iiissio~i-cisei~tiai task list provide n state~iientof co~iccrn/st;!tcmc~~c~t of nccd 11:)us irnnlediately. identif]ii~pthe 

requirement fur better capahilitieh in 111inc-detection cquip~ilentbcc;li~scof tlic his11 risk to soldiers in diificult dctectio~iitu;itio~is. 

'Uiesc st;ltemcnts will bc ioriiin-iled to AMC to ji~stifyii~ndsto iipgl-;~dcthc ANIPSSI 2. 

POC ic Mr. Cie~i~i Borlcy. 37337: DSN -7337; or e-1n;ii1hirr/~~~~G~nnod.on~~\:~iii/. 

TRADOC Program Integration Office-TerrainData (TPIO-TD) 

'I'errallase 11 5.0. The 5.0 vzrhion provide ;~ccessto new data types and significairt new cnp;~hilitiesi(,r Terl-;~B;~se11 ilsers. 

The lollowing are home of tlre ne% Teati~res: 

Uhel-s can dicpia! ;,lid query the National lmazery and Mapping Agency INIM,4) vector-proiluct-fo~~zniit(VPF) data such as 

t'nuildation fe:lture data (Frll), Missii,lr-Specific Data Sets (MSDS). \'eelor maps IVhlr\P) and \'ectol interim terrain data 

(VIIII). 

Uxcrs can di\play VPF di~ta~vitlithe prolotypc GcoSym 4.0 CCM map syn~bology. 

NOTE The CeoSytn 4.0 Prototype i$ not complete. CeoSytn CGhl scripts \rill only work on Windows NT and \I'ind~)ws2000 

systems. Symbol filnctionality is product-specific; not all symbols will display on all products. hIicroDEh1 \+,illdisplay only 

thosesymbolswhich havecomplete CGM scripts that function correctly nith \I'indows APIcalls; most linesymholsdo not meet 

this requirement. (;eoSym is not a final working product. ltnplemfnting a full? Rrnctional CGhl map-symbol overlay depends 

on the changes that are made to the future CeoS?m 5.0 and future releases ot'Microl)ER.l. 

NIMA digital tcl-will-elevation dala (IITED), contl-oiled-itn;igc base (CIRI. :lnd comprecsed iirc digitized ratcr gr;iphics 

(CADRG) d;lra can ninv be loaded to the hard clrivc and accesseii conci!ircntly using chi' new NIMA datab~rcfuncttr~n. 

Users can create their own ESKI shape files and d:iiahasc artrihute tables wlnile pcili~rminghc;tds-up digili/ii~gon screen. 

New military~iconand inap-icon Sunctioirs allow p1;scmcnt or 5calcd. hlilitar? Stai~llard25258 iymhols ;l!ld non\calcd. uscrselected graphic? on map overlay\. 

The OpenGI.. 3-D Vieu' allows re;il-timc control and display uf map ;iod imagery data ili;iped ~~vci- elevetion data. 

The ticw route-ohcer\';ttion "Alnbuxh" ~n~ivie\ allow cle;~~. ;ind ci~nciccvicii..; (IF potci~ti:~liriendlylene~nygun posilinlis along 

a route. 
Users car1 create true 3-D map and perspective \.ie\vs of tcrain using stereo-anaglyph functions. Viewing requires red-blue 

filter glasses. 

1 The built-in Pipeline Autotnated Planninz Aid (PAPA) allows logistics planners to define a route for installation of a pipeline. 

PAPA will then calculate the profile: pressnre heads; pump placement: and number of sets, kits, and outfits required for the 

project. 

8 CastleNET users can g~.aphicallydisplay and query the obstacle database 

The United States Geological Survey's (USGS'c) digital-elevation-tliodel data can now be exported in NIMA DTED format. 

8 New dual universal-transverse-111ercator (UTM) grid displays. dual Military Grid Refercnce System (MGRS) and latitude1 

longitude coordinate displays. and roaming of pointer positiori on all displays simplify the instmction: understanding: and 

use of datums, grids. and coordinates for new and experienced users. 

1 Products created in version 5.0 can now be exported directly to PowerPoint presentations with a single mouse click. 

TemaBase I1 version 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 softujare and training materials can be downloaded free from the Terrain Visualization 

Center Web site at htt~~://i~~n.il:~.~~uo~l.arn~~.rr~il/n~C/. 

POC is LTC Steve Tupper. 34077: DSN -4077: or e-mail tu~~pers@n.ood.nurr~.ri~il. 

News and Notes 

National Engineers Week's Futrrre Cih. Competition. To increase public awareness and appreciation of the engineering 

profession and to help students better understand the practical applications of ~nathematicaland scientific principles. the 

National Engineers Week Colnmittee sponsors an annual competition. The Engineering Society sponsored the Michigan regional 

competition at the Spirit of Fold building in Dearbor~l,Michigan. on 30 January 2001. Twenty-six tca~nsfrom schools throughout 

Michigan panicipaied. The theme centered around future communications. Students designed their future city. plotted a map, 

built a scale model with a moving part. wrote an essay. and made oral presentatiorls to panels of judges. Ideas for communications 

nnged from neural implanls, to wrist communicators and holographic eye_plasses. to DNA implants. Each school can sponsor 

one team. consisting of three stirdents. a teacher. and a nicntor St. John Lutheran School from Rochester wori the regional event 

and an award from Ford Motor Company for "Best Transportation." The team went to the National Competitiori in Washington. 

D.C., during Engineers Week. 18 through 24 Feblnav. and received an award from the American Society of Civil Engineers for 

"Best Aesthetic Design in Stnictural Engineering" and an oward from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers for "Best 

Manufacturing Zone." The national champion. St. Bamabas Catholic School from Chicago. Illinois, received a trip to the U.S. 

Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama. Next year's materials will be available in mid-August. For more information on Ftrrrrre Cih 

go to hirp://u.~~.n:firr~rrecit?.org.For inore infonnation on Engineers Week, go ro htfp://~'~~llie~~eek.or,~. 

POC is Patrick T Klever. (616) 842-5510. or e-mail Putn'ck.TKle~~~,-Blr~OZ.~~.r~~i'e.~t~~nr,nil. 

Balkans Special Collection. The History Department at the United States Military Academy is collecting material for a 

Balkans Special Collection that will be maintained in the West Point Archi\,es. The intent for this collectioli is to consolidate 

materials that will be helpful to those interested in the soldier's experience in the Balkans. The collection would make future 

~esearchon service in the Balkans easier and prevent the loss of a wealth of soldier experience and insight as time passes and 

individuals discard invaluable materials. The collection will include noy electronic or hard-copy information that soldiers have 

maintained concerning their experiences while serving in the Balkans during the last several years. These materials can either be 

corespondence kept from the period of deployment (letters home. to friends. or the home unit; jourtial entries: and e-mails) or 

recollections uf time spent in the Balkans (including persoiial reminisces atid formal after-action reviews). If you have any 

materials you think will interest the Academy's History Depatfment or if you wish to contact the department. use the information 

below: 

Mr. Alan C. Aimune. Senior Special Collections Librarian, U.S. Militay Academy Libray, West Point, N.Y. 10956-1799 

Phone: (845)938-2954, fax: (845) 938-3753, or e-mail: uo35250erm(ril.11.snro,n1i/ 

POC is CPT Jeffrey French. (845) 9384410. or e-mail kj6911@f1nfrer:irsr11a.rdri. 

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An aitist's rendering by Joan Ozment shows the Engineer Memorial Grove, which will commemorate the history and 

lineage of the Sapper Engineer. The statue portrays a Sapper from the Revolutionary War. During ENFORCE 2001, 

a groundbreaking ceremony will be held for the park, which will be located adjacent to the Engineer Museum. ... ..~ -- ! 
a ur - .* 

Qe Sapper MernoriaI