UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

CASE NO. 20-CV-61648-RAR

BRENDA HERNANDEZ, and 

LUIS LUQUE,

Plaintiffs,

v.

SAM’S EAST, INC.,

Defendant. 

_________________________________/

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

THIS CAUSE comes before the Court on Defendant Sam’s East, Inc.’s Motion for 

Summary Judgment [ECF No. 28] (“Motion”). The Court has considered the Motion, record, and 

is otherwise fully advised. For the reasons that follow, it is hereby

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Defendant’s Motion is GRANTED.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

This case involves a slip-and-fall accident at a Wal-Mart store in Miramar. The facts are 

relatively simple and largely uncontested. On August 1, 2019, Mrs. Hernandez slipped on a 

transitory liquid substance near the produce section of Defendant’s store. Mrs. Hernandez did not 

see the substance on the floor before she slipped. She also does not know how the liquid got on 

the floor, the length of time it was on the floor, or whether any Wal-Mart employee knew of the 

liquid on the floor prior to the incident. Mrs. Hernandez did not know the source of the substance, 

but later speculated that it was an opaque gelatinous-like substance which may have originated 

“from a grape or something.” See Hernandez Deposition [ECF No. 28-1] at 76:14-19, 80:5-11. 

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PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On June 19, 2020, Plaintiffs initiated this action in the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit in and 

for Broward County, Florida. See Compl. [ECF No. 1-1]. The initial Complaint named the wrong

corporate defendant and thus, on July 21, 2020, Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint naming 

Sam’s East as the Defendant. See Am. Compl. [ECF No. 1-4]. The Amended Complaint asserts 

one count for negligence on behalf of Mrs. Hernandez and a derivative loss of consortium count 

on behalf of her husband—Luis Luque. Id. Plaintiffs seek compensatory damages, costs, and 

interest for the injuries Mrs. Hernandez suffered as a result of her fall. Id. On August 14, 2020, 

Defendant removed this action on diversity grounds pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. See Notice of 

Removal [ECF No. 1]. On January 29, 2021, Defendant filed the instant Motion. See [ECF No. 

28]. Plaintiffs filed their Response in Opposition [ECF No. 39] on February 12th and Sam’s East 

filed its Reply [ECF No. 45] in support of the Motion on February 19th.

LEGAL STANDARD

Summary judgment is rendered if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on 

file, and any affidavits show there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the movant is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a), (c). “By its very terms, this 

standard provides that the mere existence of some alleged factual dispute between the parties will 

not defeat an otherwise properly supported motion for summary judgment; the requirement is that 

there be no genuine issue of material fact.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-

48 (1986). An issue of fact is “genuine” if the evidence could lead a reasonable jury to find for 

the non-moving party. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 

(1986). It is “material” if it might affect the outcome of the case under governing law. See 

Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248. 

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“Where the material facts are undisputed and all that remains are questions of law, 

summary judgment may be granted.” Eternal Word Television Network, Inc. v. Sec’y of U.S. Dep’t 

of Health & Human Servs., 818 F.3d 1122, 1138 (11th Cir. 2016) (citation omitted), vacated on 

other grounds, 2016 WL 11503064, at *1 (11th Cir. May 31, 2016). The Court must construe the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and draw all reasonable inferences in 

that party’s favor. SEC v. Monterosso, 756 F.3d 1326, 1333 (11th Cir. 2014) (per curiam). 

However, the non-moving party’s presentation of a “mere existence of a scintilla of evidence” in 

support of its position is insufficient to overcome summary judgment. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 252. 

And a plaintiff’s conclusory allegations will not create an issue of fact for trial sufficient to defeat 

a well-supported motion for summary judgment. Earley v. Champion Int’l Corp., 907 F.2d 1077, 

1081 (11th Cir. 1990) (citation omitted).

ANALYSIS

Sam’s East seeks summary judgment on the basis that there is no evidence it had actual or 

constructive knowledge of the substance on the ground prior to Mrs. Hernandez’s fall and 

therefore, there is no evidence it breached a duty.1 Plaintiffs, on the other hand, argue that a 

genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether Sam’s East had constructive knowledge of the 

dangerous condition, requiring the denial of summary judgment. Reviewing all facts and drawing 

all inferences in Plaintiffs’ favor, the Court finds that, as a matter of law, Plaintiffs cannot prove 

Sam’s East had actual or constructive notice.

1

 Sam’s East also argues that summary judgment should be granted in its favor as to medical causation 

because Plaintiffs failed to properly file medical expert disclosures. See Mot. at 11-17. Because Plaintiffs 

fail to establish the requisite statutory element of constructive knowledge, the Court need not address the 

issue of causation or the sufficiency of Plaintiffs’ medical expert disclosures.

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A. Premises Liability Standard

A court sitting in diversity must apply the substantive law of the state in which the case 

arose. See Pendergast v. Sprint Nextel Corp., 592 F.3d 1119, 1132-33 (11th Cir. 2010). Thus, the 

Court looks to Florida negligence law. To prevail on a negligence claim, a plaintiff must prove 

that (1) the defendant had a legal duty to protect the plaintiff from particular injuries; (2) the 

defendant breached that duty; (3) the defendant’s breach actually and proximately caused the 

plaintiff’s injuries; and (4) the plaintiff suffered actual harm. Zivojinovich v. Barner, 525 F.3d 

1059, 1067 (11th Cir. 2008).

In premises liability cases, a premises owner owes a business invitee, “a duty to exercise 

reasonable care to maintain [its] premises in a safe condition.” Encarnacion v. Lifemark Hosps. 

of Fla., 211 So. 3d 275, 278 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017). To demonstrate a breach of that duty in a case 

involving a transitory foreign substance, the Florida Legislature has mandated that the plaintiff 

prove the defendant had prior notice—actual or constructive—of the dangerous condition.2 Id. 

Section 768.0755 of the Florida Statutes states, in relevant part, “[i]f a person slips and falls on a 

transitory foreign substance in a business establishment, the injured person must prove that the 

business establishment had actual or constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition and 

should have taken action to remedy it.” Fla. Stat. § 768.0755(1). “Constructive knowledge may 

be proven by circumstantial evidence showing that [1] [t]he dangerous condition existed for such 

a length of time that, in the exercise of ordinary care, the business establishment should have 

2

 It is undisputed that prior to Mrs. Hernandez’s fall, no Wal-Mart employee had any knowledge of the 

substance on the floor. See [ECF Nos. 29, 44]. Thus, in opposing summary judgment, Plaintiffs do not 

rely on actual knowledge. See Resp. at 2-3. Rather, they argue that a genuine issue of material fact remains 

as to whether Sam’s East had constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition. Id. at 4-9. Accordingly, 

the Court’s analysis will focus solely on the issue of constructive notice.

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known of the condition; or [2] [t]he condition occurred with regularity and was therefore 

foreseeable.” Id. § 768.0755(1)(a)-(b).

3

 

Section 768.0755(1) places the burden to prove constructive knowledge on a plaintiff. 

Oliver v. Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc., 291 So. 3d 126, 128 (Fla. 4th DCA 2020). To be clear, the 

plaintiff need not prove constructive knowledge at the summary judgment stage, but, if the 

defendant shows there are no disputed factual issues about its constructive knowledge, the burden 

shifts to the plaintiff to offer counter-evidence sufficient to reveal a genuine issue. Id. at 129.

B. Sam’s East Did Not Have Constructive Knowledge of the Dangerous Condition

Sam’s East argues that it is entitled to summary judgment because there is no evidence that 

it had constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition that resulted in Mrs. Hernandez’s fall. 

Mot. at 3-10.

The mere presence of a foreign substance on the floor for a short period of time, without 

additional evidence demonstrating a defendant’s constructive knowledge of the dangerous 

condition, is not enough to survive summary judgment. Delgado v. Laundromax, Inc., 65 So. 3d 

1087, 1090 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). In the Eleventh Circuit, constructive notice is established when 

the hazard exists for a sufficient period of time that a defendant should have eliminated the danger. 

Plott v. NCL America, LLC, 786 F. App’x 199, 201 (11th Cir. 2019) (finding sufficient period of 

time when crewmembers continuously monitored an area that had been wet for at least twenty to 

twenty-five minutes). “If a plaintiff does not identify evidence to suggest the length of time that a 

liquid was on the floor, there is no genuine dispute of material fact, and a defendant is entitled to 

3

 In this case, Mrs. Hernandez cannot rely on foreseeability to establish constructive notice because there 

is no evidence that foreign substances are routinely on the floor of the aisles of the Miramar Wal-Mart. 

Indeed, Mrs. Hernandez and Mr. Luque both admitted that they have no knowledge of similar slip and fall 

incidents occurring at Defendant’s store. See Hernandez Dep. at 78:25-79:2; see also Luque Dep. at 16:14-

16.

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summary judgment.” Espinoza v. Target Corp., No. 20-12485, 2021 WL 164507, at *3 (11th Cir. 

Jan. 19, 2021) (affirming district court’s grant of summary judgment in a transitory substance case 

where jury could only speculate as to how long the puddle was on the floor) (citations omitted). 

Florida courts have found that fifteen to twenty minutes is a sufficient amount of time to 

charge a premise’s owner with constructive knowledge of a dangerous condition. Compare 

Thomas v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd., 203 F. Supp. 3d 1189, 1193 (S.D. Fla. 2016) (holding evidence 

that substance was on floor for 15 to 20 minutes was sufficient to establish material issue of fact 

on constructive notice); with Pussinen v. Target Corp., 731 F. App’x 936, 938 (11th Cir. 2018)

(affirming summary judgment in favor of defendant store where “a jury could not reasonably infer 

that the liquid was on the floor for more than fifteen minutes”). However, when the uncontested 

evidence demonstrates that the alleged dangerous condition exists for ten minutes or less, that 

amount of time has been deemed insufficient time for a defendant to be charged with constructive 

knowledge of the condition and given a reasonable time within which to correct it. See Hill v. 

Ross Dress for Less, Inc., No. 12-23368, 2013 WL 6190435, at *5 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 26, 2013)

(“Because the uncontested evidence is that [one of defendant’s employees] walked through the 

area where [p]laintiff fell ten minutes before [p]laintiff fell, [p]laintiff has failed to meet her burden 

of establishing that the plastic was on the floor for a long enough period of time to charge

[d]efendant with constructive notice of its presence on the floor.”).

In this case, Sam’s East has provided direct evidence that the substance Mrs. Hernandez 

slipped on could not have been on the floor for more than ten minutes. Here, as in Hill, Sam’s 

East has presented evidence that its employee, Samuel Johnson, walked through and inspected the 

area where Mrs. Hernandez fell approximately ten minutes prior to her fall and did not observe 

any liquid, fruit, or other substances on the floor. See 2013 WL 6190435, at *1; see also Johnson 

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Decl. [ECF No. 28-5] ¶ 5.

4

 Additionally, Wal-Mart’s closed circuit television footage confirms 

that Mr. Johnson walked directly in front of and past the area where Mrs. Hernandez fell at 5:48 

PM.

5

 See CCTV Video [ECF Nos. 39-2, 56]. Mr. Johnson’s testimony that he inspected the area 

is further corroborated by the surveillance video where he is seen, at 5:48:07 PM, bending down 

to pick up what appears to be a loose produce bag on the store floor. Id. Thus, the evidence 

demonstrates that the substance could not have been on the floor for more than ten minutes—an 

insufficient length of time to support any inference that Sam’s East knew or should have known 

of the dangerous condition that led to Mrs. Hernandez’s fall. 

Once the Court finds that Sam’s East has satisfied its initial burden to prove there are no 

genuine issues of material fact on the element of constructive notice, the burden shifts to Plaintiffs

to “come forward with counterevidence sufficient to reveal a genuine issue.” See Capotosto v. 

Fifth Third Bank, 230 So. 3d 891, 892 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017) (citation omitted). Here, Plaintiffs fail 

to do so. Rather than present any reliable record evidence to meet their burden, Plaintiffs offer a 

series of unreliable assumptions and inferences. First, Plaintiffs take issue with Mr. Johnson’s 

declaration, arguing that he “merely states he did not ‘observe’ any substances on the floor, instead 

of affirmatively asserting that there was nothing on the floor.” Resp. at 8. However, Mr. Johnson 

signed a declaration under oath and in that document, he alleged, under penalty of perjury, that he 

4

 Plaintiffs seem to argue, without any explanation, that Johnson’s “unsworn” declaration should be 

disregarded. See Resp. at 7. The Court surmises Plaintiffs’ position is that Johnson’s declaration is not 

properly verified pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746 because it does not disclose whether it was executed inside 

or outside of the United States. See Johnson Decl. [ECF No. 28-5]. However, these are insufficient grounds 

to disregard the declaration. An unsworn declaration may be given the same force as an affidavit if it is 

signed and dated and includes language “in substantially” the following form: “I declare (or certify, verify, 

or state) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on (date). (Signature).” 

28 U.S.C. § 1746. Johnson’s declaration conforms to these requirements. See Johnson Decl. [ECF No. 28-

5]. Accordingly, the Court properly considers it. 

5

 The CCTV footage shows Mrs. Hernandez fell at 5:58 PM. See CCTV Video [ECF Nos. 39-2, 56]. 

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actively inspected the area and found no signs of any substance on the floor. The Court will not 

entertain such a semantic argument—particularly where it has no reason to question Mr. Johnson’s 

credibility. 

Second, Plaintiffs argue that Mr. Johnson could not have inspected the area where Mrs. 

Hernandez fell because in the surveillance video, Mr. Johnson’s head does not appear to “turn” to 

face the area where she fell. Resp. at 8. But Plaintiffs’ assertions are entirely speculative and 

cannot take precedence over Mr. Johnson’s own declaration and the actual CCTV footage. The 

Court has reviewed the surveillance video and finds that it does not support Plaintiffs’ argument 

that Mr. Johnson could not have done “any form of” inspection of the area where Mrs. Hernandez 

fell. Id. On the contrary—the video, coupled with Mr. Johnson’s declaration, disproves Plaintiffs’ 

assertion. The video initially shows Mr. Johnson pulling a large cart in the direction of the area 

where Mrs. Hernandez later fell.

6

 As he walks in the direction of the area, he faces away from the 

surveillance camera and towards where the incident occurred. Once he approaches the area, he

makes a right turn and then briefly stops to pick up a produce bag on the floor. He then turns left 

and is seen exiting the frame. The footage of Mr. Johnson picking up a plastic bag from the floor 

near where Mrs. Hernandez fell less than ten minutes later certainly corroborates his testimony 

that he reasonably inspected the floor where the incident occurred before her fall.

Where a video recording of an event obviously contradicts a party’s version of the facts, 

the Court may accept the video’s depiction instead of the party’s. See Pourmoghani-Esfahani v. 

Gee, 625 F.3d 1313, 1315 (11th Cir. 2010) (citing Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380 (2007)) 

(“When opposing parties tell two different stories, one of which is blatantly contradicted by the 

6

 There is no question that Mr. Johnson had an unobstructed view of the floor because as he traversed the 

area in question the cart remained behind him since he was pulling it from the front. 

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record, so that no reasonable jury could believe it, a court should not adopt that version of the facts 

for purposes of ruling on a motion for summary judgment.”); see also Logan v. Smith, 439 F. 

App’x 798, 800 (11th Cir. 2011). The Court finds that after reviewing the CCTV footage, in 

conjunction with Mr. Johnson’s declaration, no reasonable jury could conclude that Mr. Johnson 

negligently failed to inspect the area where Mrs. Hernandez fell.7

Third, Plaintiffs argue that summary judgment must be denied because Mrs. Hernandez’s 

testimony that she saw footprints and cart track marks near the area necessarily creates an inference 

of constructive notice under Florida law. Plaintiffs overstate Mrs. Hernandez’s testimony and the 

law. It is true that evidence of footprints or track marks in a liquid may tend to show that a 

substance was on the floor for a duration of time sufficient to impute constructive knowledge. 

Palavicini v. Wal-Mart Stores E., LP, 787 F. App’x 1007, 1012 (11th Cir. 2019); see also 

Berbridge v. Sam’s E., Inc., 728 F. App’x 929, 930 (11th Cir. 2018). However, courts have also 

found that the mere presence of footprints or marks, standing alone, may not constitute competent 

evidence tending to show the length of time that a substance has been on the floor. See Calvache 

v. Jackson Memorial Hosp., 588 So. 2d 28, 29 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991) (affirming summary judgment 

7

 Building on more speculation, Plaintiffs further contend that Mr. Johnson could not have reasonably 

inspected the floor because approximately twenty-seven seconds before he traversed the area the video 

shows a man who appears to “look down to notice a substance on the floor.” Resp. at 8. There is no 

information regarding the identity of this customer, and he has not provided any deposition testimony or a

written declaration in this matter. Nevertheless, Plaintiffs ask this Court to treat their speculative arguments

as evidence and improperly stack inferences in order to reach the conclusion that there was liquid on the 

floor prior to Mr. Johnson’s inspection because a customer appears to look down at the floor—and that Mr. 

Johnson missed the liquid because he did not “turn” his head in that direction. For starters, the customer 

could have looked down for any number of reasons. And contrary to Plaintiffs’ suggestions, there is no 

record evidence that the customer saw any substance on the floor. Plaintiffs are thus left with a “guess or 

mere possibility,” which is insufficient to defeat summary judgment. Daniels v. Twin Oaks Nursing Home, 

692 F.2d 1321, 1324 (11th Cir. 1982); see also Feinman v. Target Corp., No. 11-62480, 2012 WL 6061745, 

at *6 n.4 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 6, 2012) ([A]n inference is not reasonable if it is only a guess or a possibility for 

such an inference is not based on the evidence but is pure conjecture and speculation.”) (quoting Daniels, 

692 F.2d at 1324).

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in favor of defendant where plaintiff alleged a shoe mark was present near the liquid causing her 

injury); Rubiano v. Costco Wholesale Corp., No. 15-24291, 2016 WL 7540571, at *3 (S.D. Fla. 

Oct. 4, 2016) (granting summary judgment for defendant supermarket even though plaintiff 

testified that “skid marks,” that had allegedly been present for over seventeen minutes, were in the 

liquid she slipped on). 

In Calvache, the plaintiff slipped and fell in a hospital and claimed that there was a single 

shoe mark present in a puddle about a foot away from where he fell. 588 So. 2d at 29. With regard 

to the issue of constructive notice, the Third District Court of Appeal held as follows:

[W]e are not persuaded by the claim that a shoe mark in some clear 

liquid discovered about a foot away from where the plaintiff slipped 

and fell raises a triable issue as to whether the liquid on which the 

plaintiff slipped and fell was there for [a] sufficient length of time 

to give the defendant constructive notice of its presence.

Id. Similarly, in Rubiano, the plaintiff alleged she slipped and fell on an unknown slippery 

substance in a Costco store. 2016 WL 7540571 at *1. In opposing Costco’s motion for summary 

judgment, the plaintiff contended that a genuine factual dispute existed because plaintiff “saw at 

least one big mark in the middle of the liquid” after her fall. Id. at *3. The Rubiano court did not 

find plaintiff’s testimony regarding the skid mark to be determinative and concluded that “no 

reasonable jury could find that defendant had constructive knowledge of the unknown spilled 

substance that caused plaintiff’s injury.” Id. (citing Hammonds v. Fulton Cty., 628 F. App’x 716, 

717 (11th Cir. 2016) (“Mere conclusions and factual allegations unsupported by evidence are 

insufficient to survive a motion for summary judgment.”) and Cordoba v. Dillard’s, Inc., 419 F.3d 

1169, 1181 (11th Cir. 2005) (“Speculation does not create a genuine issue of fact; instead, it creates 

a false issue, the demolition of which is a primary goal of summary judgment”)).

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Here, like in Rubiano, the Court concludes that no reasonable jury could find Sam’s East 

had constructive knowledge of the unidentified substance that caused Mrs. Hernandez’s fall. First, 

there is no evidence of the length of time that the liquid was on the floor. While Plaintiffs argue 

that the evidence shows there were “footprints of people who had passed by, and also cart wheels” 

in the substance that caused Mrs. Hernandez to fall, Resp. at 7-8, the record actually contains 

uncontroverted evidence that Mrs. Hernandez: (1) did not see the liquid on the floor before she 

fell, Hernandez Depo. at 80:5-11, 80:25-81:3; (2) admitted that she did not “know if the 

[footprints/marks] were there before [she] fell”, id. at 90:5-7; and (3) had no idea whether the prints 

or marks she observed after her fall were caused to be there before or after the liquid was spilled 

on the floor, see e.g. id. 90:14-23. Second, Mrs. Hernandez explained that the liquid that caused 

her to fall was in the shape of a puddle, as opposed to a trail, and the marks she observed after she 

fell were not in the puddle but rather they were “located in the area of [the puddle].” Id. at 88:6-

16. Third, the CCTV footage does not actually show any marks or tracks on the floor, nor does it 

show any liquid on the floor—and it is undisputed that no Walmart employee knew about the spill 

before Mrs. Hernandez fell.

8

8

 To be clear, the Court is mindful that evidence of footprints or marks can defeat summary judgment. See, 

e.g., Cisneros v. Costco Wholesale Corp., 754 So. 2d 819, 821 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000); Altman v. Publix 

Supermarkets, Inc., 579 So. 2d 351, 352 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991); Garcia v. Target Corp., No. 13-60308, 2014 

WL 505151, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Feb. 7, 2014). However, this case is distinguishable from those in which 

markings have created an issue of material fact regarding constructive notice. Here, Sam’s East has 

provided direct evidence of the length of time the substance was on the floor and thus there is no need to 

rely on circumstantial evidence of “signs of age” to determine whether Sam’s East should have known 

about it and removed it from the floor. Additionally, there is no proof that the substance caused the marks 

Mrs. Hernandez says she saw—or even whether the spill and prints were caused only seconds or moments 

before Mrs. Hernandez’s fall by other patrons immediately ahead of her in the produce area. At bottom,

the Court finds the mere presence of prints or marks near the spill, on their own, is not enough to imply 

constructive notice on the part of Sam’s East—especially in light of the direct evidence establishing the 

length of time the substance was on the floor.

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Despite Plaintiffs’ representations, the allegations regarding the footprints and cart tracks

form nothing but a “scintilla” of evidence and the Court will not infer constructive notice and deny 

summary judgment based on said “evidence.” Walker v. Darby, 911 F.2d 1573, 1577 (11th Cir.

1990) (“A mere ‘scintilla’ of evidence supporting the opposing party’s position will not suffice; 

there must be enough of a showing that the jury could reasonably find for that party.”). Doing as 

Plaintiffs ask would require this Court to “impermissibly pil[e] inferences upon inferences” to 

distort the record. Feinman, 2012 WL 6061745 at *6 n.4; Daniels, 692 F.2d at 1326 (“Yet a jury 

will not be allowed to engage in a degree of speculation and conjecture that renders its finding a 

guess or mere possibility.”); see also Wilson-Greene v. City of Miami, 208 So. 3d 1271, 1275 (Fla. 

3d DCA 2017) (“[I]f a party to a civil action depends upon the inferences to be drawn from 

circumstantial evidence as proof of one fact, it cannot construct a further inference upon the initial 

inference in order to establish a further fact unless it can be found that the original, basic inference 

was established to the exclusion of all other reasonable inferences.”) (citation omitted). 

Accordingly, this Court rejects Plaintiffs’ unsubstantiated argument that the footprints or cart 

marks near the unidentified substance indicate the spill was on the floor for a long period of time.

Ultimately, Plaintiffs have failed to present any evidence, either direct or circumstantial, 

that would give rise to an inference that a foreign substance was on the floor long enough to charge 

Sam’s East with constructive knowledge of its presence. Plaintiffs have therefore failed to meet 

their burden and this Court cannot submit the question of negligence to the jury. See Evens v. 

Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 468 So. 2d 1111, 1112 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985) (“[B]ecause the record is

completely devoid of any evidence, either direct or circumstantial, directed to Eastern’s notice of 

the dangerous condition, no negligence was shown and summary judgment was proper.”). While 

it is undisputed that Mrs. Hernandez slipped on a substance present on the floor of Sam’s East’s

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store, the law does not make a store responsible for every person who gets hurt while shopping. 

“To hold a store responsible, the person must be able to prove that she was injured because the 

store failed to do something that a reasonable store would have done.” Valles v. Target Corp., No.

14-60723, 2015 WL 1640326, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 9, 2015). In this case, there is simply no 

evidence that Sam’s East failed to do something that a reasonable store would have done.

C. Plaintiffs Had an Adequate Opportunity to Conduct Discovery

It is well-established in the Eleventh Circuit that district courts are “not required to await 

the completion of discovery before ruling on a motion for summary judgment.” Fla. Power & 

Light Co. v. Allis Chalmers Corp., 893 F.2d 1313, 1316 (11th Cir. 1990); Reflectone, Inc. v. 

Ferrand Optical Co., Inc., 862 F.2d 841, 843-44 (11th Cir. 1989). If a party needs further 

discovery to respond to a motion for summary judgment, Rule 56(d) directs that party to show “by 

affidavit or declaration that, for specified reasons, it cannot present facts essential to justify its 

opposition.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(d). If the party makes this showing, the court may “(1) defer 

considering the motion or deny it; (2) allow time to obtain affidavits or to take discovery; or (3) 

issue any other appropriate order.” Id.

Plaintiffs’ argument that summary judgment must be denied because discovery was still 

ongoing when the Motion was filed is unavailing. Sam’s East filed its Motion pursuant to, and in 

compliance with, the Court’s January 29, 2021 dispositive motions deadline. See Order [ECF No. 

23]. On February 9th, the Court entered an Order extending the discovery deadline to March 31, 

2021. See Order [ECF No. 36]. Plaintiffs argue that summary judgment is not proper because 

their current counsel did not have an adequate opportunity to conduct discovery in this case prior 

to briefing their opposition to Sam’s East’s Motion. But as elaborated in Sam’s East’s Reply, the 

record reveals that Plaintiffs’ counsel has not been diligent in seeking discovery despite having 

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ample opportunity to do so. And in any event, Plaintiffs did not file an affidavit or declaration 

pursuant to Rule 56(d); rather, they filed a substantive response to the Motion. Therefore, Plaintiffs

have waived any objection to the Court ruling on the Motion based on a lack of sufficient 

discovery. Burns v. Town of Palm Beach, 343 F. Supp. 3d 1258, 1261-62 (S.D. Fla. 2018)

(citations omitted). 

CONCLUSION

A careful review of the record in this case establishes the absence of any circumstantial 

evidence that Sam’s East knew or should have known of the substance on its floor on the date Mrs. 

Hernandez fell. Therefore, there is no genuine issue of material fact regarding actual or 

constructive knowledge and summary judgment is warranted. Accordingly, it is 

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED as follows:

1. Defendant’s Motion [ECF No. 28] is GRANTED.

2. Final Judgment will be entered by separate Order.

3. All pending motions are DENIED as moot.

4. The Clerk is directed to CLOSE this case.

DONE AND ORDERED in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, this 26th day of April, 2021.

 _________________________________

 RODOLFO A. RUIZ II

 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

cc: counsel of record

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