DIETHYLTOLUENE DIAMINE (DETDA): DETERMINATION OF 

WATER SOLUBILITY BY THE SHAKE FLASK METHOD 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. PROJECT NUMBER: 471C-144 

U.S. EPA Product Properties Test Guideline, OPPTS 830.7840 

Water Solubility: Column Elution Method; Shake Flask Method 

and 

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 

OECD Guideline 105: Water Solubility 

AUTHORS: 

William R. Schutt, B.S. 

Willard B. Nixon, Ph.D. 

STUDY INITIATION DATE: January 30, 2012 

STUDY COMPLETION DATE: March 19, 2012 

SUBMITTED TO: 

Albemarle Corporation 

451 Florida Street 

Baton Rouge, LA 70801 

Wildlife International, Ltd. 

8598 Commerce Drive 

Easton, Maryland 21601 

(410) 822-8600 

Page 1 of 36 



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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Title/Cover Page ..................................................................................................................................... 1 

Good Laboratory Practice Compliance Statement ................................................................................. 2 

Quality Assurance Statement ................................................................................................................. 3 

Report Approval ..................................................................................................................................... 4 

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 5 

Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 7 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8 

Objective ................................................................................................................................................ 8 

Experimental Design .............................................................................................................................. 8 

Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................................... 8 

 Test Substance ........................................................................................................................... 8 

 Solvents and Reagents ............................................................................................................... 9 

 Stock and Standards Preparations ............................................................................................. 9 

 Preliminary Test Procedure ..................................................................................................... 10 

 Definitive Test Procedure ........................................................................................................ 10 

 Analytical Method ................................................................................................................... 11 

 Calibration Curve and Limit of Quantitation .......................................................................... 12 

 Reagent Blank Samples ........................................................................................................... 12 

 Example Calculations .............................................................................................................. 12 

Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 13 

Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 13 

References ............................................................................................................................................ 14 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

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TABLES

Table 1. HPLC Operational Parameters. ......................................................................................... 15 

Table 2. Quality Control Samples of DETDA in Reagent Water ................................................... 16 

Table 3. Water Solubility of DETDA at 20oC ................................................................................ 17 

FIGURES

Figure 1. Analytical method flowchart for the analysis of DETDA in 

 saturated reagent water solutions ...................................................................................... 18 

Figure 2. Calibration curve for DETDA .......................................................................................... 19 

Figure 3. Representative chromatograms of low- and high-level DETDA 

 calibration standards ......................................................................................................... 20 

Figure 4. Representative chromatograms of a reagent blank and a 48-hr solubility sample ............ 21 

APPENDICES 

Appendix 1. Protocol ...................................................................................................................... 22 

Appendix 2. Characterization Report .............................................................................................. 32 

Appendix 3. Personnel Involved in the Study ................................................................................. 36 
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SUMMARY 

STUDY TITLE: Diethyltoluene Diamine (DETDA): Determination of Water Solubility 

by the Shake Flask Method 

WILDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. 

PROJECT NUMBER: 471C-144 

SPONSOR: Albemarle Corporation 

451 Florida Street 

Baton Rouge, LA 70801 

TESTING FACILITY: Wildlife International, Ltd. 

Easton, Maryland 21601 

SPONSOR’S REPRESENTATIVE: Marcia L. Hardy, DVM, Ph.D. 

LOCATION OF STUDY, RAW

DATA AND A COPY OF THE

FINAL REPORT: 

Wildlife International Ltd. 

Easton, Maryland 21601 

TEST SUBSTANCE: Diethyltoluene Diamine (DETDA) 

TEST DATES: Experimental OECD Start – January 31, 2012 

Experimental EPA Start – January 31, 2012 

Experimental Termination – February 10, 2012 

TEST SYSTEM: HPLC-grade reagent water 

SUMMARY: The water solubility of DETDA was determined in reagent water at 

20°C using the shake flask method and high performance liquid 

chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection (HPLC/UV). 

Saturation sub-samples were prepared for analysis by centrifugation 

followed by dilution of the supernatant into the calibration range of the 

HPLC/UV methodology with 20:80 (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN): reagent 

water (H2O). The mean water solubility (n = 6) for DETDA at 20 oC 

was 22.7 mg DETDA/mL +/- 0.44 mg DETDA/mL (CV = 2.0%). 
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INTRODUCTION 

Tests were conducted to determine the water solubility of diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA) at 20C 

using the shake flask method. Wildlife International, Ltd. conducted this study for Albemarle 

Corporation at the Wildlife International, Ltd. analytical chemistry facility in Easton, Maryland. The 

experimental portion of this study was conducted between January 31, 2012 and February 10, 2012. Raw 

data generated by Wildlife International, Ltd. and a copy of the final report are filed under Project 

Number 471C-144 in archives located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site. The original signed report 

will be maintained by Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 

OBJECTIVE 

The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the water solubility of DETDA in 

reagent water at 20oC using the shake flask method. 

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 

The water solubility of DETDA was determined at a temperature of 20  0.1C. A preliminary 

test was conducted to estimate the water solubility. An excess amount of the test substance was shaken in 

the presence of reagent water at 20C and sampled after a 24-hour period. The definitive test consisted of 

shaking an excess amount of test substance with reagent water at an elevated temperature (30C) for 24, 

48, and 72 hours followed by equilibration at 20C for 24 hours prior to analysis and quantitation of 

soluble test substance in the aqueous phase of the saturated solution. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

The study was conducted according to the procedures outlined in the protocol, “Diethyltoluene 

Diamine (DETDA): Determination of Water Solubility by the Shake Flask Method” (Appendix 1). The 

test was performed based on procedures in the U.S. EPA Product Properties Test Guidelines, OPPTS 

830.7840, Water Solubility: Column Elution Method; Shake Flask Method (1) and OECD Guideline for 

the Testing of Chemicals, 105: Water Solubility (2). 

Test Substance 

The test substance was received from Albemarle Corporation on September 21, 2011, and was 

assigned Wildlife International, Ltd. identification number 10232. The test substance was a liquid 

identified as DETDA; Lot number – 4500051816-011110. A purity of 97.27% was obtained from the 
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characterization report provided by the Sponsor (Appendix 2). The test substance was stored under 

ambient conditions. 

Solvents and Reagents 

All solvents were HPLC-grade or higher quality and reagents were ACS reagent-grade or better. 

Solvent/Reagent Manufacturer/Lot 

Reagent Water: HPLC-Grade, Burdick & Jackson, Lot Nos. DF291-E and DE958-E 

(equivalent to ASTM Type II Designation D1193-06 (3)). 

Acetonitrile (ACN): HPLC-Grade, Burdick & Jackson, Lot Nos. DF154 and DE806 

Stock and Standards Preparations 

A primary stock solution of the test substance was prepared at a nominal concentration of 

1.00 mg DETDA/mL by accurately weighing 0.1029 grams of the test substance in a scintillation vial 

(weight adjusted for 97.27% purity). The test substance aliquot was then quantitatively transferred into a 

100-mL volumetric flask and was brought to final volume using ACN. The 1.00 mg DETDA/mL 

(1000 mg DETDA/L) primary stock solution, identified as 10232-001, was used to prepare two sets of 

standard solutions for the preliminary and definitive test, respectively, in a final solvent composition of 

20:80 (v/v) ACN: H2O, using the following dilution schemes: 

Stock 

Concentration 

(mg DETDA/mL) 

Aliquot 

(μL) 

Final 

Volume 

(mL) 

Standard 

Concentration 

(mg DETDA/L) 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

25.0 

50.0 

100 

250 

500 

1000 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

2.50 

5.00 

10.0 

25.0 

50.0 

100 
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Stock 

Concentration 

(mg DETDA/mL) 

Aliquot 

(μL) 

Final 

Volume 

(mL) 

Standard 

Concentration 

(mg DETDA/L) 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

100 

250 

500 

600 

750 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00 

20.0 

50.0 

100 

120 

150 

Preliminary Test Procedure 

A preliminary test was performed to provide an estimate of DETDA water solubility at 20°C. 

The experiment consisted of shaking an excess amount of DETDA (nominal concentration 

= 50.0 mg/mL) in reagent water at 20°C and analyzing triplicate aliquots of centrifuged supernatant after 

24-hours of equilibration. A small quantity of DETDA (1.0007 g) was weighed directly into a clear 

40-mL I-Chem glass vial with an analytical balance. Twenty milliliters of reagent water was transferred 

into the glass vial. The vial was sealed and placed into a shaker bath (Boekel/Model 290400) maintained 

at 20°C. After 24 hours, the sample was removed from the bath and triplicate 1.5-mL subsamples were 

transferred into microcentrifuge tubes and centrifuged (Eppendorf/MiniSpin Plus) at a setting of 

14,500 rpm (~14,100 x g) for 10 minutes. An aliquot of each supernatant was diluted with an appropriate 

volume of ACN and reagent water to yield a final sample composition of 20:80 (v/v) ACN:H2O. 

Secondary and tertiary dilutions were performed with 20:80 (v/v) ACN:H2O dilution solvent into the 

calibration range of the HPLC/UV methodology. The final dilutions were then submitted for 

determination of the soluble DETDA concentration. 

Definitive Test Procedure 

A definitive test was performed to determine the water solubility of DETDA at 20C. Four 

solubility samples were prepared at a target nominal concentration of 131 mg/mL. Quadruplicate samples 

were weighed directly into separate labeled amber 8-mL glass vials on an analytical balance. Five 

milliliters of reagent water pre-equilibrated at 30C was added to each of the four glass vials. A 

volumetric pipet was used to dispense the water. The vials were sealed with screw caps and Parafilm®

and placed in an agitating water bath (Boekel/Model 290400) maintained at 30  0.6C. 

After 24 hours of gentle shaking at 30C, one of the four vials was removed and re-equilibrated at 

20°C for 24 hours by placing it in a temperature controlled water bath maintained at 20  0.1°C. 
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Following the re-equilibration period at 20°C (and occasional manual agitation), triplicate aliquots 

(1.0 mL) were removed from the vial and the aliquots were processed for determination of soluble 

DETDA concentration. An additional sample aliquot (1.0 mL) was taken for determination of 

supernatant pH. A second and third vial were treated in a similar manner following an initial 

equilibration period of 48 and 72 hours at 30  0.6C. The fourth prepared vial (equilibrated at 30C for 

longer than 72 hours) was not processed based on the agreement of the results for the 48- and 72-hour 

samples. Good agreement between consecutive samples indicated that solubility equilibrium had been 

attained under the test conditions, as solution stirring time no longer had an influence on measured water 

solubility. 

Analytical Method 

The sample preparation methodology used for the determination of DETDA in reagent water was 

developed at Wildlife International, Ltd. Triplicate 1.0-mL sub-samples from each saturation sample 

were centrifuged (Eppendorf/MiniSpin Plus) at a setting of 14,500 rpm (14,100 x g) for ten minutes. The 

supernatant from each centrifuge tube was transferred into separate amber glass autosampler vials. Using 

gas-tight syringes and volumetric flasks, an aliquot (50.0-μL) of each sample was diluted in 20:80 (v/v) 

ACN:H2O into the calibration range of the HPLC/UV methodology. An aliquot of each sample dilution 

was transferred to an autosampler vial and submitted for analysis of DETDA by HPLC/UV. A method 

flowchart for the analysis of samples is provided in Figure 1. 

Concentrations of DETDA in the samples were determined by an Agilent Series 1100/1200 

HPLC system equipped with an Agilent Series 1100 Variable Wavelength Detector set at 300 nm. 

Chromatographic separations were achieved using a YMC-Pack ODS AM analytical column (150 mm x 

4.6 mm, 3-mm particle size). The instrument parameters are summarized in Table 1. 

For pH determinations, a 1.0-mL sub-sample from each saturation sample was transferred into 

separate microcentrifuge tubes and centrifuged at a setting of 14,500 rpm (~ 14,100 x g) for 

approximately 10 minutes. A 0.5 mL aliquot of each supernatant was transferred to a separate culture 

tube and diluted with 0.5 mL of H2O using a positive displacement pipettor. The diluted samples were 

then equilibrated at 20°C in a water bath for a minimum of 30 minutes prior to pH measurement using a 

calibrated pH meter (Thermo Orion/4 Star Plus). 
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Calibration Curve and Limit of Quantitation 

Five calibration standards of DETDA in 20:80 (v/v) ACN: H2O, ranging in concentration from 

20.0 to 150 mg DETDA/L, were analyzed concurrently with the definitive solubility samples. The 

calibration set was injected at the beginning and end of the analytical sequence with one calibration 

standard injected after a maximum of every five test samples. Linear regression equations were generated 

for the analytical sequence using the summed/total peak area response for retention times between 

approximately 7.6 and 7.7 minutes versus the respective DETDA concentrations of the calibration 

standards. The concentration of DETDA in the samples was determined by substituting the total peak 

area responses for retention times between approximately 7.6 and 7.7 minutes of the samples into the 

applicable linear regression equation. The calibration curve for DETDA is presented in Figure 2. 

Representative chromatograms of low- and high-level DETDA calibration standards are presented in 

Figure 3. 

The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was arbitrarily defined using the low-level calibration standard 

equivalent definition. For this analysis, the method LOQ for the test substance in reagent water was 

defined as 4.00 mg DETDA/mL, calculated as the product of the concentration of the lowest-level 

calibration standard (20.0 mg DETDA/L) and the method dilution factor for the reagent blank samples 

(200) divided by a unit conversion factor (1000 mL/L). 

Reagent Blank Samples 

Three reagent blank quality control (QC) samples in reagent water were processed in the same 

manner and analyzed concurrently with definitive trial solubility samples to determine possible 

interferences. No interferences were observed at or above the LOQ during sample analyses (Table 2). A 

chromatogram of a representative reagent blank sample is presented in Figure 4. 

Example Calculations 

The measured concentration of the test substance in sample number 471C-144-2-A was 

calculated as follows: 

Test Substance (mg DETDA/mL) in sample = 

 Total Peak Area - (Y-intercept)

Slope x Dilution Factor / Unit Conversion Factor 
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Total Peak Area = 3708.44946 Sample (Initial) Volume (Vi) = 0.0500 mL 

Y-intercept = -453.57442 Final Volume (Vf) = 10.0 mL 

Slope = 36.52221 Dilution Factor (Vf/Vi) = (10.0/0.0500) = 200 

 Unit Conversion Factor = 1000 mL/L 

 Test Substance (mg DETDA/mL) in sample = 3708.44946 - (-453.57442)

36.52221 x 200 / 1000 

 Test Substance (mg DETDA/mL) in sample = 22.8 

Calculations performed using Microsoft® Excel 2000 in the full precision mode. Manual calculations may differ slightly. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

The water solubility of DETDA was estimated from a preliminary trial that consisted of gentle 

shaking of an excess of the test substance in reagent water at 20°C for 24 hours. The mean measured test 

substance solubility under the test condition was 21.5 mg DETDA/mL +/- 0.25 mg DETDA/mL 

(CV = 1.1%, N = 3). Based on this finding, the target nominal concentration for DETDA in the definitive 

test was set at a concentration of 131 mg/mL. 

The pH of the test system water and samples was evaluated concurrent with the definitive 

solubility test. The pH of the test system (reagent) water at 20°C was 8.50. The measured pH from the 

diluted supernatant of reagent water saturated with DETDA at 19.6, 23.1, and 22.3 mg DETDA/mL at 

20°C was 9.45, 9.14, and 9.18 for saturation samples shaken and equilibrated at 30C for 24, 48, and 

72 hours prior to 24-hour equilibration at 20C, respectively. 

Mean measured water-soluble DETDA concentrations for saturation samples shaken and 

equilibrated at 30°C for 48 and 72 hours prior to 24-hour equilibration at 20°C were well within the 15% 

difference criterion of the protocol (3.3%). The mean water solubility (n = 6) for DETDA at 20 oC was 

22.7 mg DETDA/mL +/- 0.44 mg DETDA/mL (CV = 2.0%) (Table 3). A representative chromatogram 

of a DETDA water solubility sample is presented in Figure 5. 

CONCLUSIONS 

The mean water solubility (n = 6) for DETDA at 20 oC was 22.7 mg DETDA/mL +/- 0.44 mg 

DETDA/mL (CV = 2.0%). 
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REFERENCES 

1. U.S. EPA Product Properties Test Guidelines. 1998. OPPTS 830.7840. Water Solubility: 

Column Elution Method; Shake Flask Method. 

2. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1995. Guideline for Testing of 

Chemicals, 105: Water Solubility. 

3. American Society for Testing and Materials. 2006. Standard Specification for Reagent Water. 

D1193-06, ASTM Section II Water and Environmental Technology, Vol. 11.01: 45-47. 
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Table 1 

HPLC Operational Parameters 

INSTRUMENT: Agilent Series 1100/1200 High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) with 

an Agilent Series 1100 Variable Wavelength Detector 

ANALYTICAL COLUMN: YMC-PACK ODS-AM C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3-m particle size) 

STOP TIME: 13.00 minutes 

FLOW RATE: 1.000 mL/minute 

OVEN TEMPERATURE: 40.0°C 

MOBILE PHASE: Solvent A (80.0%): HPLC-grade Reagent Water 

Solvent B (20.0%): Acetonitrile 

GRADIENT ELUTION 

PROFILE: TIME (min.) SOLVENT A (%) SOLVENT B (%) FLOW (mL/min.) 

 0.01 80.0 20.0 1.000 

 2.00 80.0 20.0 1.000 

 8.00 5.0 95.0 1.000 

 10.00 5.0 95.0 1.000 

 10.01 80.0 20.0 1.000 

 13.00 80.0 20.0 1.000 

 

INJECTION VOLUME: 50.0 μL 

DETDA RETENTION TIME 

RANGE: Peak area 1: 7.6 minutes 

Peak area 2: 7.7 minutes 

UV WAVELENGTH: 300 nm 
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Table 2 

Quality Control Samples of DETDA in Reagent Water 

Sample 

Number 

(471C-144-) Sample Type 

Sampling 

Interval 

(hrs) 

Concentrations of DETDA 

Percent 

Recovered 2

Mean 

Percent 

Recovered 2

Fortified 

(mg DEDTA/mL) 

Measured 

(mg DETDA/mL) 2

REB-1 

REB-2 

REB-3 

Reagent Blank 

Reagent Blank 

Reagent Blank 

24 

48 

72 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

< LOQ 1

< LOQ 1 

< LOQ 1

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

1

 The Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) for determination of DETDA in reagent water (4.00 mg DETDA/mL) was calculated as the product of 

the lowest-level calibration standard (20.0 mg DETDA/L) and the dilution factor of the reagent blank samples (200) divided by a unit 

conversion factor (1000 mL/L). 2

 Results were generated using Microsoft® Excel 2000 in full precision mode. Manual calculations may differ slightly. 
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Table 3 

Water Solubility of DETDA at 20oC 

 

Sample 

Number 

(471C-144-) 

Time at 

30oC 

(hrs) 

Concentrations of DETDA

Nominal 

(mg DETDA/mL) 

Measured

(mg DETDA/mL) 2 

Mean Measured +/- SD 

(mg DETDA/mL) 1,2

% 

Difference 

1-A 

1-B 

1-C 

2-A 

2-B 

2-C 

3-A 

3-B 

3-C 

24 

24 

24 

48 

48 

48 

72 

72 

72 

131 

131 

131 

131 

131 

131 

131 

131 

131 

18.6 

18.8 

21.5 

22.8 

23.2 

23.2 

22.2 

22.3 

22.4 

19.6 +/- 1.6 

(CV = 8.3%) 

23.1 +/- 0.23 

(CV = 1.0%) 

22.3 +/- 0.12 

(CV = 0.55%) 

16% 3

3.3% 4 

Overall Mean 5

 = 

SD = 

CV = 

N = 

22.7 

0.44 

2.0% 

6 

 

1

 SD = Standard Deviation; CV = Coefficient of Variation; N = Number of Measurements. 2

 Results were generated using Microsoft® Excel 2000 in full precision mode. Manual calculations may differ slightly. 3

 %Difference = [absolute value(mean measured result 24hrs - mean measured result 48hrs)] / [0.5 x (mean measured result 

24hrs + mean measured result 48hrs)] x 100. 4

 %Difference = [absolute value(mean measured result 48hrs - mean measured result 72hrs)] / [0.5 x (mean measured result 

48hrs + mean measured result 72hrs)] x 100. 5

 Overall mean calculated for 48 and 72 hours. 
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Using glass pasteur pipets, transfer triplicate approximately 1.0-mL aliquots of each solubility saturation sample 

into labeled microcentrifuge tubes, appending solubility sample IDs with 'A', 'B' and '-C'). Seal tubes. 



Centrifuge tubes at a setting of 14500 rpm for 10 minutes. 



Transfer each supernatant into labeled amber glass autosampler vials. Prepare a primary dilution by transferring 

50.0 μL of each sample into properly labeled 10.0-mL volumetric flasks partially filled with 20: 80 ACN: H2O 

(v/v) dilution solvent. Bring samples to final volume with dilution solvent. Cap and invert several times to mix. 

 Prepare a regent blank in the same manner using reagent water. 



If necessary, perform additional serial dilutions in 20: 80 ACN: H2O (v/v) dilution solvent using the appropriate 

glassware. Transfer an aliquot of each final dilution into an autosampler vial, cap, and submit for HPLC/UV 

analysis. Place remainder of original aqueous sample supernatant and sample dilutions in refrigerated storage.

Figure 1. Analytical method flowchart for the analysis of DETDA in saturated reagent water solutions. 
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Calibration Curve (Summed Peaks)

y = 36.52221x - 453.57442

R2 = 0.99817

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 125.0 150.0

DETDA Concentration (mg a.i./L)

Total Peak Area (300 nm)

Figure 2. A representative calibration curve for DETDA. 
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 min

mAU 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

 VWD1 A, Wavelength=300 nm (X:\HPLC13\1\DATA\DETDA_WS003\DETDA_WS003 2012-02-09 15-00-37\002-0201.D) 7.622 7.754

(A) 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 min

mAU 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

 VWD1 A, Wavelength=300 nm (X:\HPLC13\1\DATA\DETDA_WS003\DETDA_WS003 2012-02-09 15-00-37\006-0601.D) 7.619 7.751

 (B) 

Figure 3. Representative chromatograms of low-level and high-level DETDA calibration standards. 

(A): Low-level calibration standard (20.0 mg DETDA/L) 

(B): High-level calibration standard (150 mg DETDA/L) 
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 min

mAU 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

 VWD1 A, Wavelength=300 nm (X:\HPLC13\1\DATA\DETDA_WS003\DETDA_WS003 2012-02-09 15-00-37\007-0701.D)

(A) 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 min

mAU 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

 VWD1 A, Wavelength=300 nm (X:\HPLC13\1\DATA\DETDA_WS003\DETDA_WS003 2012-02-09 15-00-37\008-0801.D) 7.620 7.753

(B) 

Figure 4. Representative chromatograms of a reagent blank and a 48-hr solubility sample. 

(A): REB-2 (20:80 (v/v) ACN:H2O; Dilution factor = 200). The arrows represent the 

approximate retention times of the peak areas of DETDA test substance. 

(B): 2-A (48-hour solubility sample. Dilution factor = 200) 
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Appendix 1 

Protocol 
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Appendix 2 

Characterization Report 
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Appendix 3 

Personnel Involved in the Study 

The following key Wildlife International, Ltd. personnel were involved in the conduct or 

management of this study: 

 1. Willard B. Nixon, Ph.D., Director of Chemistry 

2. Raymond L. Van Hoven, Ph.D., Scientist 

3. William R. Schutt, B.S., Chemist 

4. John R. Murrell, B.S., Senior Chemist 

5. David Weiss, M.S., Chemist