Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet 

Kentucky Division for Air Quality 

------------------------------------------- 

Appendix L.13 

Summary of Kentucky BART 

Exemption and BART 

Determination Modeling 

 Appendix L.13 - 1

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
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Appendix L.13 - 2

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Summary of Kentucky BART Exemption and BART Determination Modeling 

Results For Kentucky BART-Eligible and BART-Subject Sources 

June 2008

Kentucky BART Exemption Modeling: 

Table 1-1. Summary of Visibility Results – for Duke Energy East Bend Station - Rabbit Hash, 

Kentucky – Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 Annual average 

background bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (210 km) 0.197 (0, 0) 0.242 (0, 0) 0.227 (0, 0) 21.58 

20% Best Days 

background bext (Mm-1)

Mammoth Cave (210 km) 0.289 (0, 0) 0.354 (0, 0) 0.331 (0, 0) 14.7 

Table 1-2. Summary of Visibility Results- 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Owensboro 

Municipal Utilities (OMU) – Owensboro, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3)-Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (93 km) 0.432 (5, 0) 0.387 (4, 0) 0.400 (3, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (289 km) 0.043 (0, 0) 0.048 (0, 0) 0.053 (0, 0) 21.03 

1

Appendix L.13 - 3

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-3a. Summary of Visibility Results for AK Steel Corp.- Ashland, Kentucky – Screening 

Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.435 (0 0) 0.184 (0 0) 0.390 (0 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. 1 (308 km) 0.453 (0 0) 0.272 (0 0) 0.739 (2 0) 21.39 

James River Face (295 km) 0.258 (0 0) 0.551 (1 0) 0.378 (0 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (293) 0.562 (1 0) 0.284 (0 0) 0.279 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (261) 0.551 (1 0) 0.243 (0 0) 0.464 (0 0) 21.14 

1

The Great Smokey Mountains Class I Area is over 300 km from the source and was included for 

completeness. 

Table 1-3b. Summary of Visibility Results for AK Steel Corp. – Ashland, Kentucky – Refined 

Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-5) –- Performed by TRC for VISTAS

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.205 (0 0) 0.346 (0 0) 0.263 (0 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. (308 km) 0.223 (0 0) 0.358 (0 0) 0.592 (1 0) 21.39 

James River Face (295 km) 0.386 (0 0) 0323 (0 0) 0.251 (0 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (293) 0.323 (0 0) 0.358 (0 0) 0.257 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (261) 0.266 (0 0) 0.442 (0 0) 0.298 (0 0) 21.14 

Table 1-3c. Visibility Results – 8 highest values for AK Steel Corp. – Ashland, Kentucky – 

Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-5) –- Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

2001 2002 2003 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance 

from Source)

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day 

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day 

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day Rank 

Great Smokey 

Mt. 1 (308 km) 

0.223 

0.217 

0.206 

0.203 

0.187 

0.184 

0.151 

0.145 

Aug 14 

Feb 28 

Sep 14 

Jun 9 

Apr 26 

Jun 10 

Sep 5 

Sep 11 

0.358 

0.222 

0.212 

0.192 

0.171 

0.165 

0.151 

0.147 

Oct 21 

Jul 16 

Oct 22 

Sep 24 

Jul 2 

Nov 16 

Oct 27 

Feb 24 

0.592 

0.401 

0.321 

0.316 

0.235 

0.224 

0.199 

0.190 

Nov 7 

Aug 9 

Aug 10 

Aug 8 

May 27 

Jun 23 

Jun 24 

Nov 8 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

1

The Great Smokey Mountains Class I Area is over 300 km from the source and was included for completeness.

2

Appendix L.13 - 4

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-4. Summary of Visibility Results for AK Steel Corp. - Coke Mfg Plant - Ashland, 

Kentucky – Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (282 km) 0.122 (0 0) 0.067 (0 0) 0.180 (0 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. 1 (304 km) 0.092 (0 0) 0.093 (0 0) 0.262 (0 0) 21.39 

James River Face (288 km) 0.177 (0 0) 0.153 (0 0) 0.182 (0 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (287 km) 0.137 (0 0) 0.117 (0 0) 0.155 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (257 km) 0.191 (0 0) 0.095 (0 0) 0.208 (0 0) 21.14 

1

The Great Smokey Mountains Class Area is over 300 km from the source and was only included for 

completeness.

Table 1-5. Summary of Visibility Results for Martin Co Coal Corp. – Inez, KY – Screening 

Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods1 (305 km) 0.068 (0 0) 0.038 (0 0) 0.066 (0 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. (226 km) 0.135 (0 0) 0.109 (0 0) 0.135 (0 0) 21.39 

James River Face (265 km) 0.057 (0 0) 0.048 (0 0) 0.085 (0 0) 20.96 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (285 km) 0.121 (0 0) 0.085 (0 0) 0.103 (0 0) 21.40 

Linville Gorge (207 km) 0.131 (0 0) 0.113 (0 0) 0.120 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (280 km) 0.070 (0 0) 0.040 (0 0) 0.077 (0 0) 21.14 

Shining Rock (259 km) 0.103 (0 0) 0.080 (0 0) 0.086 (0 0) 21.40 

1

The Dolly Sods Wilderness Area is over 300 km from the source and was only included for completeness.

Table 1-6. Summary of Visibility Results for Pinnacle Processing Inc. – Debord, KY – 

Screening Run (12-km grid) -– Performed by TRC for VISTAS

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Great Smokey Mt. (235 km) 0.106 (0 0) 0.108 (0 0) 0.071 (0 0) 21.39 

James River Face (262) 0.070 (0 0) 0.020 (0 0) 0.018 (0 0) 20.96 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (294 km) 0.017 (0 0) 0.050 (0 0) 0.053 (0 0) 21.40 

Linville Gorge (214 km) 0.077 (0 0) 0.060 (0 0) 0.016 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (272 km) 0.007 (0 0) 0.015 (0 0) 0.015 (0 0) 21.14 

Shining Rock (268 km) 0.021 (0 0) 0.008 (0 0) 0.009 (0 0) 21.40 

3

Appendix L.13 - 5

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-7a. Summary of Visibility results for Arch Chemicals Inc. – Brandenburg, KY – 

Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (83 km) 0.984 (4 0) 1.213 (5 2) 1.293 (6 2) 21.58 

Table 1-7b. Summary of Visibility results for Arch Chemicals Inc. – Brandenburg, KY – 

Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) –- Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (83 km) 0.801 (6 0) 0.968 (3 0) 1.196 (5 1) 21.58 

Table 1-7c. Visibility Results – 8 highest values for Arch Chemicals Inc. – Brandenburg, KY – 

Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) –- Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

2001 2002 2003 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance 

from Source)

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day 

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day 

Change in 

Deciview 

(dv)

Day Rank 

Mammoth Cave 

(83 km) 

0.801 

0.688 

0.592 

0.547 

0.544 

0.538 

0.432 

0.417 

Jan 12 

Jan 17 

Oct 1 

Dec 2 

Sep 13 

Oct 7 

Jan 13 

Feb 18 

0.968 

0.871 

0.570 

0.430 

0.415 

0.398 

0.380 

0.364 

Oct 22 

Oct 31 

Nov 27 

Apr 5 

Jan 18 

Feb 13 

Feb 23 

Nov 28 

1.196 

0.748 

0.682 

0.530 

0.514 

0.447 

0.434 

0.417 

Dec 12 

Dec 7 

Feb 28 

Apr 23 

Jan 27 

Oct 27 

Aug 9 

Oct 17 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

4

Appendix L.13 - 6

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-8. Summary of Visibility Results for Commonwealth Aluminum Lewisport LLC – 

Lewisport, KY – Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (94 km) 0.453 (0 0) 0.338 (0 0) 0.489 (0 0) 21.58 

Mingo1 (304 km) 0.052 (0 0) 0.050 (0 0) 0.044 (0 0) 21.03 

1

The Mingo Wilderness Area is over 300 km from the source and was only included for completeness.

Table 1-9. Summary of Visibility Results for Henderson Power and Light –Henderson, KY – 

Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (134 km) 0.302 (0 0) 0.243 (0 0) 0.268 (0 0) 21.58 

Mingo (238 km) 0.075 (0 0) 0.084 (0 0) 0.071 (0 0) 21.03 

Table 1-10. Summary of Visibility Results for Calgon Carbon Corp – Ashland, KY – Screening 

Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (284 km) 0.079 (0 0) 0.041 (0 0) 0.133 (0 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. (290 km) 0.086 (0 0) 0.077 (0 0) 0.191 (0 0) 21.39 

James River Face (282 km) 0.098 (0 0) 0.081 (0 0) 0.097 (0 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (273 km) 0.103 (0 0) 0.057 (0 0) 0.083 (0 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (259 km) 0.091 (0 0) 0.066 (0 0) 0.157 (0 0) 21.14 

5

Appendix L.13 - 7

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-11. Summary of Visibility Results for Westlake Vinyls Inc – Calvert City, KY – 

Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by TRC for VISTAS 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (183 km) 0.150 (0 0) 0.104 (0 0) 0.123 (0 0) 21.58 

Mingo (156 km) 0.167 (0 0) 0.105 (0 0) 0.131 (0 0) 21.03 

Sipsey1 (309 km) 0.073 (0 0) 0.084 (0 0) 0.080 (0 0) 21.28 

1

The Sipsey Wilderness Area is over 300 km from the source and was only included for completeness. 

6

Appendix L.13 - 8

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
 Table 1-12a. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Century 

Aluminum – Hawesville, Kentucky – Refined Run1

 (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – 

Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (100 km) 0.356 (3, 0) 0.222 (0, 0) 0.341 (6, 0) 21.58 

1

Modeling results based on use of the new improve equation. 

Table 1-12b. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Century 

Aluminum – Hawesville, Kentucky – Refined Run1

 (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – 

Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (100 km) 0.446 (5, 0) 0.273 (0, 0) 0.435 (7, 0) 21.58 

1

Modeling results based on use of the default old improve equation. 

Table 1-13. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Alcan 

Primary Products Corporation – Sebree, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (118 km) 0.467 (6, 0) 0.294 (0, 0) 0.428 (3, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (244 km) 0.110 (0, 0) 0.184 (0, 0) 0.184 (0, 0) 21.03 

7

Appendix L.13 - 9

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-14a. Summary of Visibility Results for NewPage Corporation Wickliffe Paper 

Company - Wickliffe, Kentucky – Refined Run1

 (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – 

Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (250 km) 0.058 (0, 0) 0.041 (0, 0) 0.043 (0, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (91 km) 0.156 (0, 0) 0.125 (0, 0) 0.124 (0, 0) 21.03 

Sipsey2 (319 km) 0.033 (0, 0) 0.023 (0, 0) 0.027 (0, 0) 21.28 

1

Modeling results based on use of the new improve equation. 2The Sipsey Wilderness Area is over 300 km 

from the source and was only included by the source for completeness. 

Table 1-14b. Summary of Visibility Results for NewPage Corporation Wickliffe Paper Company 

- Wickliffe, Kentucky – Refined Run1

 (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by 

Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (250 km) 0.102 (0, 0) 0.073 (0, 0) 0.077 (0, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (91 km) 0.291 (2, 0) 0.232 (1, 0) 0.237 (2, 0) 21.03 

Sipsey2 (319 km) 0.060 (0, 0) 0.043 (0, 0) 0.050 (0, 0) 21.28 

1

Modeling results based on use of the default old improve equation. 2The Sipsey Wilderness Area is over 

300 km from the source and was only included by the source for completeness. 

 

8

Appendix L.13 - 10

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-15. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Western 

Kentucky Energy Coleman Station – near Hawesville, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-

km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (91 km) 0.368 (3, 0) 0.287 (1, 0) 0.274 (2, 0) 21.58 

Table 1-16. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th

 Highest) for Western 

Kentucky Energy Reid/Henderson Station – Sebree, Kentucky – Refined Run1

 (4-

km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (118 km) 0.464 (6, 0) 0.447 (6, 0) 0.397 (4, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (244 km) 0.072 (0, 0) 0.071 (0, 0) 0.061 (0, 0) 21.03 

1

Modeling results based on use of the new improve equation. 

Table 1-17. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for Western 

Kentucky Energy Green Station – near Hawesville, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km 

grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

1

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (118 km) 0.190 (1, 0) 0.181 (1, 0) 0.217 (0, 0) 21.58 

Mingo (244 km) 0.032 (0, 0) 0.039 (0, 0) 0.035 (0, 0) 21.03 

9

Appendix L.13 - 11

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-18a. Summary of Visibility Results for Marathon Petroleum Company Refinery at 

Catlettsburg, Kentucky – Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by Source 

Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.055 (0, 0) 0.035 (0, 0) 0.089 (0, 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. (293 km) 0.047 (0, 0) 0.042 (0, 0) 0.105 (0, 0) 21.39 

James River Face (287 km) 0.048 (0, 0) 0.079 (0, 0) 0.069 (0, 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (276 km) 0.034 (0, 0) 0.041 (0, 0) 0.058 (0, 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (261 km) 0.086 (0, 0) 0.044 (0, 0) 0.103 (0, 0) 21.14 

Table 1-18b. Summary of Visibility Results for Marathon Petroleum Company Refinery at 

Catlettsburg, Kentucky – Screening Run (12-km grid) – Performed by Source 

Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

20% Best 

Days 

background 

bext (Mm-1)

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.081 (0, 0) 0.051 (0, 0) 0.130 (0, 0) 21.13 

Great Smokey Mt. (293 km) 0.069 (0, 0) 0.062 (0, 0) 0.155 (0, 0) 21.39 

James River Face (287 km) 0.070 (0, 0) 0.115 (0, 0) 0.101 (0, 0) 20.96 

Linville Gorge (276 km) 0.051 (0, 0) 0.060 (0, 0) 0.085 (0, 0) 21.36 

Otter Creek (261 km) 0.126 (0, 0) 0.064 (0, 0) 0.151 (0, 0) 21.14 

Table 1-19. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the E. ON 

Brown Station in Mercer County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain3) – Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130) km) 0.266 (1, 0) 0.410 (5, 0) 0.352 (2, 0) 21.58 

Great Smokey Mt. (162 km) 0.210 (0, 0) 0.208 (0, 0) 0.172 (0, 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (178 km) 0.153 (0, 0) 0.132 (0, 0) 0.095 (0, 0) 21.40 

10

Appendix L.13 - 12

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-20. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the E. ON 

Cane Run Station in Jefferson County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130) km) 0.322 (2, 0) 0.355 (2, 0) 0.378 (3, 0) 21.58 

Table 1-21. Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the E. ON 

Ghent Station Station in Carroll County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130) km) 0.249 (0, 0) 0.229 (1, 0) 0.292 (0, 0) 21.58 

11

Appendix L.13 - 13

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Kentucky Source BART Determination Modeling: 

Table 1-22a. Before Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value 

(8th Highest) for the East Kentucky Power Cooperative (EKPC) Spurlock Station1 in 

Mason County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by 

Source Contractor

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (251 km) 1.762 (26, 14 ) 1.624 (39, 20) 1.834 (34, 21) 21.58 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since this source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 

Table 1-22b. With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the East Kentucky Power Cooperative (EKPC) 

Spurlock Station1

 in Mason County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (251 km) 0.213 (0, 0) 0.201 (0, 0) 0.212 (1, 0) 21.58 

1

Per the source BART Determination Modeling, the above results reflect a Wet FGD scrubber and Wet 

ESP controls to be installed on EKPC Spurlock Units 1 and 2 for BART and per applicable provisions of 

the EKPC consent decree. These controls will address condensible and directly emitted visibility impairing 

pollutants. 

12

Appendix L.13 - 14

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-23a. Before Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value 

(8th Highest) for the East Kentucky Power Cooperative (EKPC) Cooper Station1 in 

Pulaski County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by 

Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130) km) 5.810 (58, 48) 7.376 (68, 51) 6.749 (47, 40) 21.58 

Great Smokey Mt. (162 km) 6.763 (117, 89) 5.966 (103, 79) 5.662 (97, 71) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (178 km) 4.974 (79, 53) 4.248 (74, 51) 2.781 (64, 44) 21.40 

Cohutta (221 km) 3.192 (60, 44) 3.363 (66, 36) 2.317 (63, 45) 21.40 

Shinning Rock (233 km) 2.022 (53, 35) 1.565 (39, 19) 1.804 (50, 27) 21.40 

Linville Gorge (267 km) 1.778 (43, 21) 1.599 (38, 16) 1.885 (50, 24) 21.36 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since this source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 

Table 1-23b. With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the East Kentucky Power Cooperative (EKPC) 

Cooper Station1

 in Pulaski County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, 

Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130) km) 0.195 (0, 0) 0.251 (0, 0) 0.252 (1, 0) 21.58 

Great Smokey Mt. (162 km) 0.219 (0, 0) 0.162 (0, 0) 0.154 (0, 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (178 km) 0.118 (0, 0) 0.122 (0, 0) 0.079 (0, 0) 21.40 

Cohutta (221 km) 0.087 (0, 0) 0.073 (0, 0) 0.060 (0, 0) 21.40 

Shinning Rock (233 km) 0.049 (0, 0) 0.036 (0, 0) 0.041 (0, 0) 21.40 

Linville Gorge (267 km) 0.031 (0, 0) 0.037 (0, 0) 0.046 (0, 0) 21.36 

1

 Per the source BART Determination, the above results reflect a Wet FGD scrubber and Wet ESP controls 

to be installed on EKPC Cooper Units 1 and 2 for BART and per applicable provisions of the EKPC 

consent decree. These controls will address condensible and directly emitted visibility impairing 

pollutants. 

13

Appendix L.13 - 15

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-24a. TVA Unit 1-3, Exemption Modeling - Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the TVA Paradise Fossil Plant1

 in Muhlenberg 

County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source

Class I Area 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Unit 1-3 Base Case1 Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (63 km) 3.62 (101, ) 3.45 (76, ) 3.93 (96, ) - 21.58 

Mingo (283 km) 0.565 (9, ) 0.865 (22, ) 0.547 (39, ) - 21.03 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since this source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 

Table 1-24b. TVA Unit 1, No Control Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile 

Value (8th Highest) for the TVA Paradise Fossil Plant1

 in Muhlenberg County, 

Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source

Class I Area 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Unit 1 Base Case - No Control 2 Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (63 km) 1.203 (41, 14) 1.192 (33, 11) 1.285 (36, 14) 2.654 21.58 

Mingo (283 km) 0.167 (0, 0) 0.251 (0, 0) 0.149 (0, 0) 0.419 21.03 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since the source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 2

For the BART determination analysis, TVA performed BART runs for 

Unit 1, which is considered representative of Unit 2, since the units have similar design and operating 

parameters. Therefore, the above results for Unit 1 with no new controls are considered applicable for Unit 

2. 

Table 1-24c. TVA Unit 11, With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility 

Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the TVA Paradise Fossil Plant in 

Muhlenberg County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – 

Performed by Source

Class I Area 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Unit 1 with Lime Injection1 Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (63 km) 0.567 (12, 2) 0.567 (8, 0) 0.606 (13, 1) 1.307 21.58 

Mingo (283 km) 0.077 (0, 0) 0.116 (0, 0) 0.069 (0, 0) 0.195 21.03 

1

Per the source BART Determination, the above results reflect hydrated lime injection controls on Unit 1, 

which is considered applicable to Unit 2, since the units have similar design and operating parameters. 

Since TVA had previously indicated to the KYDAQ its plans to install hydrated lime injection controls on 

TVA Paradise Units 1-3 to mitigate opacity due to SO3 emissions and that additional controls are not costeffective at this time, the KYDAQ has determined BART to be no control for TVA Paradise Units 1-3. 

14

Appendix L.13 - 16

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-24d. TVA Unit 3, No Control Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile 

Value (8th Highest) for the TVA Paradise Fossil Plant1

 in Muhlenberg County, 

Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source

Class I Area 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Unit 3 Base Case- No Control2 Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (63 km) 0.1.740 (60, 32) 1.624 (38, 22) 1.842 (53,22) 3.339 21.58 

Mingo (283 km) 0.273 (2, 0) 0.381 (3, 0) 0.239 (1, 0) 0.670 21.03 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since the source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). TVA went on to BART determination modeling once it determined that it 

could not be exempted from BART (>0.5 dv). 2

For the BART determination analysis, TVA performed 

BART runs for Unit 3. The above run for Unit 3 is without any new control. 

Table 1-24e. TVA Unit 31, With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility 

Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th Highest) for the TVA Paradise Fossil Plant in 

Muhlenberg County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – 

Performed by Source

Class I Area 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Unit 3 with Lime Injection 1 Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (63 km) 0.790 (21, 3) 0.726 (19, 3) 0.836 (18, 3) 1.575 21.58 

Mingo (283 km) 0.118 (0, 0) 0.166 (0, 0) 0.104 (0, 0) 0.294 21.03 

1

 Per the source BART Determination, the above results reflect hydrated lime injection controls on Unit 3. 

Since TVA had previously indicated to the KYDAQ its plans to install hydrated lime injection controls on 

TVA Paradise Units 1-3 to mitigate opacity due to SO3 emissions and that additional controls are not costeffective at this time, the KYDAQ has determined BART to be no control for TVA Paradise Units 1-3. 

15

Appendix L.13 - 17

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-25a. No Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value (8th

Highest) for American Electric Power Big Sandy Plant1

 at Louisa, Kentucky – 

Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-5) – Performed by the Source

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Vaue 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.834 (24, 4) 0.999 (28, 7) 1.027 (32, 9) 1.838 21.13 

James River Face (287 km) 0.999 (44, 7) 1.052 (32, 8) 0.930 (38, 6) 1.990 20.96 

Linville Gorge (276 km) 0.835 (17, 6) 0.613 (14, 3) 0.625 (10, 3) 1.676 21.36 

Otter Creek (261 km) 0.985 (33, 7) 1.183 (39, 15) 1.285 (39, 16) 2.134 21.14 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since this source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 

Table 1-25b. With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for American Electric Power Big Sandy Plant1

 at 

Louisa, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-5) – Performed by Source

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Value 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.588 (14, 2) 0.701 (16, 0) 0.740 (20, 1) 1.334 21.13 

James River Face (287 km) 0.679 (17, 1) 0.708 (14, 3) 0.629 (17, 1) 1.389 20.96 

Linville Gorge (276 km) 0.541 (9, 3) 0.391 (5, 0) 0.403 (5, 1) 1.092 21.36 

Otter Creek (261 km) 0.666 (16, 2) 0.781 (26, 3) 0.886 (22, 3) 1.435 21.14 

1

 Per the source BART Determination, the above results reflect the source recommended ammonia (NH3) 

injection controls on Units 1 and 2 to be installed for BART address condensible particulates. However, 

with the recent AEP consent decree, AEP will be installing a FGD scrubber on Unit 2 on or before 

December 31, 2015. The installation of a FGD on Unit 2 will result in even better visibility improvement 

and the likely control for BART will be ammonia injection on Unit 1 and the FGD scrubber on Unit 2 (See 

Table 1-25c for modeling results for these controls). 

16

Appendix L.13 - 18

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP
Table 1-25c. With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for American Electric Power Big Sandy Plant1

 at 

Louisa, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-5) – Performed by Source

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Value 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (dv) (Mm-1) 

Dolly Sods (287 km) 0.403 (3, 0) 0.428 (6, 0) 0.496 (5, 0) 0.872 21.13 

James River Face (287 km) 0.432 (2, 0) 0.407 (4, 1) 0.457 (5, 0) 1.133 20.96 

Linville Gorge (276 km) 0.364 (2, 0) 0.309 (3, 0) 0.241 (1, 0) 0.771 21.36 

Otter Creek (261 km) 0.447 (6, 1) 0.588 (8, 0) 0.552 (10, 0) 1.122 21.14 

1

 Per the source BART Determination and AEP consent decree, the above results reflect ammonia (NH3) 

injection controls on Unit 1 and a FGD scrubber control on Unit 2. With the recent consent decree, this is 

the planned control scenario for BART. These controls will address condensible and directly emitted 

visibility impairing emissions. 

 

Table 1-26a. Before Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th Percentile Value 

(8th Highest) for E. ON U.S. Mill Creek Facility1

 in Jefferson County, Kentucky – 

Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source Contractor 

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Value 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (90 km) 2.016 (55, 29) 2.265 (65, 40) 2.220 (63, 40) 3.943 21.58 

1

BART Determination Modeling was required since this source exceeded the 0.5 dv threshold for the 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest). 

Table 1-26b. With BART Determination Controls Applied, Summary of Visibility Results for 98th

Percentile Value (8th Highest) for E. ON U.S. Mill Creek Facility1

 in Jefferson 

County, Kentucky – Refined Run (4-km grid, Subdomain-3) – Performed by Source 

Contractor

Class I Area 

(Est. Distance from Source) 

2001 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2002 

98th Percentile 

Value 

2003 

98th Percentile 

Value 

Highest 1st

Max value 

over 3-year 

period 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Mammoth Cave (130 km) 1.282 (35, 17) 1,440 (46, 20) 1.456 (45, 20) 2.670 21.58 

1

Per the source BART Determination Modeling, the above results reflect sorbent injection controls to be 

installed on the larger Mill Creek Units 3 and 4 to address condensible particulate emissions for BART. 

17

Appendix L.13 - 19

Kentucky Regional Haze SIP