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H , J US TI CE, F O R TH E CO UR T: ¶1. A h i g h speedch

ase i n to Mi ssi ssi p p i i n v o l v i n g Al ab am a g o v er n m en t a l d e f e n d a n t s,
r e s ul t ed i n t h i s i n t er l ocu tor y appeal , w h i ch w as g r an t ed ex cl u s i v el y on t h e i s s u e of i n per s on am j u ri s di c ti on .2 F ACTS ¶2. O n

F ebr u a r y 2 1 , 2 0 0 2, at

appr ox i m atel y 10 : 44 p. m

., a h i g h s peed pu

r s u i t of t h r ee f l eei n g f el on y s u s pect s com

m en c e d in M uscl

e Sh oal s , A l abam a. T h e ch as e f i r s t i n v ol v ed

n u m erou s Al abam a an d l ater M i s s i s s i pp i l aw en f or cem en t of f i c e r s . A ccordi

n g to t h e ci rcu i t
c o u rt: 2
. T h e [f l e e i n g f e lo n y s u sp e c ts] h

a d b e e n p u rsu e d b y Al a b am a o f f i c e rs a f ter a S h ef f i el d, Al abam a po l i c e o f

f i cer ob s er v ed t h ei r v eh i cl e r u n a red l i g h t an d d e term i n e d th at t h e v e h i c l e a p p e a redto m

atch th e d e sc ri p ti o n o f a F o rd T a u ru s t h at h ad ear l i er f l ed f r om a Wa l

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n M u s cl e Sh oal s , A l abam a f ol l o w i n g t h e t h ef t of $3 00 0. 00 of

pr op er t y f rom t h at s tor e. A s t

h e i n i ti al pu r s u i n g of f i c e r a n d ot h e r of f i c e r s at t e m pt e d to f

orc e t h e [ f l e e i n g f e l on y s u s pect s ] t o stop , t

h ey acc el erated an d at t em pt ed at l eas t t h r ee t i m es to r am of f i cer s ’ v eh i cl es an d r u n t h e m of f t h e road, r an

s ev en r ed l i g h t s , r an m or e t h an a doz en s top s i g n s , an d d r ov e at s peeds i n ex ces s of 10 0 m .p .h
. o n U
. S . H i

g h w ay 72 wi t h i n t h e s t ate of Al abam a wes t w ard t o t h e s t ate l i n e. 3. Wi t h Al ab a m a of

f i cer s i n pu r s u i t , t h e [ f l eei n g f el on y s u s pect s ] con

ti n u ed dri v i n g at a h i g h sp e e d i n to th e S t a t e o f

Mi ss i ss i p p i
. Al l o f th e Al a b am a o f f i c e rs t er m i n ated t h ei r pu r s u i t of t h e [ f l eei n g f el on y s u s pect s ] on

c e t h e pu r s u i t en t ered M i s s i s s i ppi ex cept O

f f icer [ Jer r y] M cC l urg an d D eput

y [ B i l l ] M ays . ( E m ph as i s added) . T

h e ch as e t r ag i cal l y en ded i n C ori n t h , Mi s s i s s i p p i , w h en t h e f l eei n g v eh i cl e
s pe d t h rou g h a r e d l i ght a

n d c ol l i de d wi t h a n on c om i n g c a r , ki l l i n g K at h y A n n H ol l a n ds , B r a n dy L
. H o l l a n d s, a n d Je n n i f e r R e n e e P a rso n s (“ D e c e d e n ts” ). ¶3
. O n

D e c e m b e r 3 0 , 2 0 0 2 , p l

a i n ti f f s D e n n i s R a y P a rs o n s , e t a l
. ( t h e w r o n g fu l d e ath b en ef i ci ari es of D e c e d e n

t s) f i l ed a ci v i l su i t ag ai n st f i f t y - f i v e Al ab am a an d Mi ssi ssi p p i ci ti es,
cou n ti es , a nd l a w e nf

or cem en t of f i cer s i n t h e C i rcu i t C ou r t of Al cor n C ou n t y . T h e com pl ai n t
a l l e g e d t h at “ [ e ] a c h D e f e n da n t L a w E n f orc e m e n t Ag e n c y [ w a s ] i

n a de qu at e l y t r a i ne d , i n a de qu at e l y s u pe r v i s e d, h a d n o h i g h s pe e d pu

r s u i t pol i c y a n d proc e du

r e or f a i l e d to f ol l ow
rec o g n i z e d h i g h sp e e d p u rsu i t p o l i c y a n d p ro c e d u re. T h e D e f e n d a n ts a c ti o n s i n c o n c e rt w e reT

w o o f t h e t h r ee f l eei n g f el on y s u s pect s wer

e s u bsequ en tl y t ri ed an d c o nv i c t e d of

t h r ee 1 c ou n t s of de pr av e d h e a r t m u rde r e a c h a n d s e n t e n c e d to l i f e i m pri s on m e n t on M a rc h 27, 2003, i n t h e C i rc u i t C ou r t of Al c or n C ou n t y , M i s s i s s i ppi
. M o ti o n s to d i s m i s s w e re p re v

i o u s l y f i l e d b y C o l b e rt C o u n ty a n d C o l b e rt C o u n ty 2 S h e ri f f R o n n i e M a y o n S e p te m b e r 2 9 , 2 0 0 3 , a

n d m o ti o n s to s tri k e ju ry tri a l w e re s u b s e qu e n tl y f i l e d by de f e n da n t s on J a n u a r y 31, 2005. 3 a d i r ect cau se of t h e D eat h s of [ D eced en

t s]
. ” A p p el l an t s are t h e o n l y r em ai n i n g d ef en d an t s i n t h e c i v i l s u i t . T h e de c e de n

t s w e r e T e n

n e s s e e r e s i de n t s . A p p e l l a nt s a

r e e i t h e r dom i c i l e d i n or
re s i d e n ts o f Al a b a ma . T h e f

l e e i n g f e l o n y s u s p e c ts we re re s i

d e n ts o f T e n n e s s e e , w h o w e n t to Al a b am a wi th th e i n te n t to s te a l p ro p e rty
. 1 ¶ 4. O n J an u ar y 27 , 2 00 5, def

en dan t s f i l ed m ot i o ns f o r s u m m ar y j u dg m en t i n t h e ci rcu i t 2

cou r t cl ai m i n g a l ack of per s on al j u ri s di ct i o n o v er t h e C i t y of C h erok ee, Al

abam a; C h erok ee P ol i c e C h i ef P au l N or m an; C ol ber t C ou n t y , A l abam a; an d C ol ber t C ou n t y S h er i f f R on n i e M ay . Al t e r n ati v e l y , t h e y a l l e g e d t h at t h e y w e r e i m m u n e f rom l i a bi l i t y u n de r e i t h e r Al a bam a l a w or

“ t h e pol i c e pr ot e c ti

on e x e m pti on of t h e M i s s i s s i ppi T or t C l a i m s Ac t .” O n O c t o b e r 19, 2005, t h e c i rc u i t c ou r t i s s u e d a n orde r de n y i n g de f e n da n t s ’ m oti on s , f i n di n g pe r s on a l j u ri s di c ti on
ov e r de f e nd a n t s ba s e d u

pon H orne v. M

ob i l e A r ea Wat er an d Sew er

S ys t em , 897 So. 2d 972 ( M i s s . 2004) , t

h e M i s s i s s i ppi l on g - a r m s t at u t e , a n d t h e s pe c i f i c j u ri s di c ti on pron g of t he D ue P ro c e s s C l

a u s e o f t h e F o u r t e e n t h A m e n dm e n t to th e Un

i t e d S t at e s C o n

s ti t u ti o n . On N ov e m be r 18, 2005, t hi s C o ur t g r a n t e d i n t e rl oc u tor y a ppe a l e x c l u s i v e l y on t h e i s s u e of i n pe r s on am j u ri s di c ti on , a s a ppl i e d t o A ppe l l a n t s . See M .R .A .P. 5.A t or a l a rg u m e n t , c ou n s e l f or pl a i n ti f f s c on c e de d t h at t h e c a us e of

a c ti on doe s n ot 3 ex t en d t o an y def en dan t i n t h ei r i n di v i du al capac i t y . A ccordi

n g l y, w e w i l l di r ect t h e ci rcu i t c o u r t to d i s m i s s wi t h p r e j u d i c e d e f e n d a n t s P a u l N o r m a n , J e r r y M c C l u rg , Ro n n i e M a y , a n d Bi l l M a y s , i n t h e i r i n di v i d ua l c a p a c i

ti e s , s ee C on

c l u s i on i n f ra , a n d t h i s C ou r t ’ s a n a l y s i s wi l l be l i m i t ed t o o f f i ci al capac i t y al on e. 4

I S S UES ¶5
. T h e f o l l o wi n g i s s u e s a re b e f o re th i s C o u rt: ( 1 ) D i d C i ty o f C h e ro k e e , C h

e ro k e e P o l

i c e C h i e f P a u l N o rm a n , a n d C h e ro k e e P ol i ce O f f i c e r J er r y M cC l u rg w ai v e t h ei r ri g h t s to con

t es t i n per s on am j u ri s d i c ti o n b y f a i l i n g to ra i s e th i s d e f e n s e i n a p re - a n s w e r m o ti o n o r t h e ir a n sw e r? (2 ) D i d th e c i rcu i t co u rt p ro p e rl y a ss e rt i n p e rso n am ju ri sd i c ti o n o v e r C o l b e rt C o u n ty , C o l b e rt C o u n ty S h e ri f f R o n n i e M a y , a n d C o l b e rt C o u n ty D e p u ty B i ll May s? 3 S TAN D AR D O F R EVI EW ¶ 6. “ T h e s t a n da rd of r e v i e w f or j u ri s di c ti on a l qu e s ti on s i s d e no vo. M

cC ai n B u i l ders

, I n c.
v . Re s c u e Ro o t e r , LLC , 797 So. 2d 9 52, 954 ( M i s s . 2001) . I n

r e v i e wi n g qu e s ti on s of j u ri s di c ti on t h i s C ou r t i s i n t h e s am e pos i ti on a s t h e t ri a l c ou r t , s i n c e a l l t he f a c t s a r e s e t

ou t i n t h e pl e a di n gs or e x h i bi t s . M cD an i el v. R i t t er , 556 S o . 2 d 303, 308 ( M i s s . 1989) .” Y

at ham

v . Young , 9 1 2 S o . 2 d

4 6 7 , 4 6 9 (Mi

ss . 2 0 0 5 ). A N A L Y S IS I . D i d

C it y of C h e r o k e e , C h e r

oke e P oli c e C h

i e f P au l N or m an, an d C h e r o k e e P o li c e Of

fi c e r J e r r y M c C lur

g w a iv e th e ir

r ig h ts to c o n te s t in p e r s o n a m j u r is d ic tio n b y fa ili n g to r

a is e th is de fe n s e in a pr e - a ns w e r m o t i o n o r t he i r a ns w e r ? ¶ 7. P l ai n ti f f s i n s i s t t h at t h e r e c o r d r e f

l e c t s an abse n ce of ob j ect i on to i n per s on am j ur i s di c ti on , s ee M i s s . R
. C i v . P
. 1 2 ( b ) ( 2 ) , b y t h e s e p a r ti c u l a r d e f e n d a n t s i n e i t h e r a p r e - a n s we rT

h e record d oes n

ot r ef l ect an y pr e- an s w er m o t i o n s f i l ed by t h es e par ti cu l ar 4 d ef en d an t s. T hi s i s i n c on t r a s t t o t h e a n s w e r s of C ol be r t C ou n t y , C ol be r t C ou n t y Sh e ri f f M a y, a nd 5 C ol ber t C ou n t y D epu t y M a ys , al

l of w h i ch con t ai n ed def en s es cl ai m i n g t h e ci rcu i t cou r t l acked pe r s on a l j u ri s di c ti on . 5 m oti on or t h e i r s e pa r at e a ns w e r . T

h e s e pa r at e a n s w e r of t h e s e de f e n da n t s , f i l e d on M a y 13, 4 2003, a dm

i t s j u ri s di c ti on i s pr ope r i n t h e c i rc u i t c ou r t
. R u l e 1 2(h ) ( 1) of t h e M i s s i s s i ppi 5 R u l es of C i v i l P r o cedu r e stat es: [ a] d ef en s e o f l a c k o f

j u ri sdi cti o n o v er t h e p er son . . . i s w aiv ed ( A ) i f om i t t ed f ro m a m o ti o n i n t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s d e s c ri

b e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n ( g ) , o r ( B ) i f i t i s n e i t h e r m a de by a m oti on u nd e r t hi s r u

l e n or i n c l u de d i n a r e s pon s i v e pl e a di n g o r an am e n dm e n t t h e reo f p e rm i tte d b y R u l e 1 5 (a) to b e m

a d e a s a m atte r o f cou r s e. M i s s . R . C i v . P. 12( h

) ( 1 ) ( e m p ha s i s a dde d)
. Se eal

s o R ocka w ay C

om m u t er L i n e, Inc. v. D e nham , 8 9 7 S o . 2 d

1 5 6 , 1 5 9 (Mi

ss . 2 0 0 4 ) (“

R o c k a w a y h a s d o n e n o th i n g u n d e r R u l e 1 2 (h ) to s u r r e n d e r i t s ri g h t t o o b j e c t t o p e r s o n

a l j u r i s d i c ti o n . I t c o u l d n o t h av e v i o l a t e d

Ru l e 12(h ) ( 1) , be c a

u s e i t n e v e r m a de a n y pr e - a n s w e r m oti on s ; a n d w h e n i t di d g i v e i t s a n s w e r , i t i n cl u ded t h e m ot i on t o d i s m i s s f or l ack of per s on al j u ri s di ct i on .” ) . A s s u

ch , p l ai n ti f f s con t en d t h at t h es e par ti cu l ar A pp el l an t s w ai v ed t h e l ack of per s on al j u ri s di ct i on def en s e. ¶ 8. C i t y of C h erok ee, C he r o k e e P ol i ce C h i ef N or m an , an d C h erok ee Pol

i ce O f f i cer Mc C l u r g a s s e rt

th at t h e i r l a c k o f p e rso n a l ju ri sd i c ti o n d e f e n se w a s p ro p e rl

y p res e rv e d
. In
s u ppor t t h e r e of , t h e y poi n t t o t h e m oti on f or s u m m a r y j ud gm e n

t , f i l e d on J a n u a r y 27, 2005,

w h i ch cl ai m s “ [ t ] h e C ou r t l acks per s on

al j u ri s di ct i on ov er t h e C i t y of C h erok e e , A l a b a m

a an d C h e roke e Pol

i c e C h i e f Paul N or

m a n , n e i t h e r of w h om i s a r e s i de n t of t h e St at e of

M i s s i s s i ppiA s t he in pe r s on am j u ri s di c ti on i s s u e i s a n a l y z e d u n de r M i s s . C ode A

n n . Sec ti on 13- 3- 6 6 3 , w hi c h p r ov

i des t h e j u ri s di ct i on al basi s f or t h e s u i t s ag ai n s t t h e d ri v ers , t h i s C ou r t decl i n es to add r es s com

i t y . Mi s s . C od e A

n n . S ect i on 13
- 3- 63 n

eg ates t h e n ece s s i t y of di s cu s s ing an d a n a l y z i n g th e M i s s i s s i p p i l o n g - a r m s ta tu te ( M is s . C o d e An

n . S e c ti o n 1 3
- 3
- 5 7 ) a

n d th e Du e P ro c e s s C la u s e s o f

th e F o u rte e n th A m e n dm e n t to th e U n i te d S tate s C o n

s ti tu ti o n a n d th e M i s s i s s i p p i C on s ti t u ti on . C om

i t y a l s o c a n be a c on s i de r ati on u n de r t h e s e c on d pron g of I nt e r nat i onal S h o e C o . v

. W as hi ngt on du

e proc e s s a

n a l y s i s r e qu i ri n g t h at t h e e x e rc i s e of p e rso n a l ju ri s d ic t io n “ d o e s n o t o f f e n d ‘t rad i ti o n a l n o ti o n s o f f a i r p l a y a n d su b sta n ti a l ju sti c e . ’” 3 2 6 U
. S
. 3 1 0 , 3 1 6 , 6 6 S
. C t. 1 5 4 , 1 5 8 , 9 0 L
. Ed
. 9 5 (1 9 4 5 ) ( q u o ti n g M i l l i ken v. M

eyer , 311 U .S. 457, 463, 61 S.C t . 339, 343, 85 L .Ed. 2 7 8 ( 1 9 4 0 ) )
. A s t h i s C ou r t doe s n ot a ddr e s s du

e proc e s s , c om

i t y i s l i ke wi s e n ot a ddr e s s e d. 6 a n d b o th o f w h o m l a c k s u f f i c ie n t min

i m u m c o n ta c ts wi th th e S tate o f

M i s s i s s i p p i to ju s ti f y
a s s e r ti on of pe r s on a l j u ri s di c ti on .” ¶9
. T h e m o ti o n f o r s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t wa s file d o v

e r tw e n ty (2 0 ) m o n th s a f te r th e s e p a rate
an s w er , w h i ch ex pr es s l y adm i t t ed per s on

al j u ri s di ct i o n, w a s f

i l ed. I n t h e abs en ce of a pr ea ns w e r m oti

on , a n s w e r , or s u bs e qu e n tl y am e n de d a n s w e r obj e c ti n g to i n pe r s on am j u ri s di c ti on , t h i s C o u r t f i n d s t h at t h e R u l e 1 2 ( b ) ( 2 ) l ack

o f j u r i sdi cti o n o v er t h e p er son d ef en se was w aiv ed b y d e f e n d a n ts C i ty o f C h e ro k e e , P o l

i c e C h i e f N o rm a n , a n d O f f i c e r Mc C l u rg . I I . D i d

t h e c i r c u it c ou r t p r

op e r l y as s e r t i n p e r s on am j u r

i s d i c t i on ove r C o lb e r t C o u n ty , C o lb e r

t C o u n ty S h e r iff R o n n ie M a y , a n d

C o lb e r t C o u n t y D ep u t y B ill Ma y s? ¶ 10
. T h e p l a in a ndu

n am bi g u ou s l an g u ag e of M i s s . C od e A

n n . S ect i on 13
- 3- 63 es t abl

i s h es t h at D epu t y M ay s an d O f f i cer M cC l u rg , ar e s u

bj ect to p er s on

al j u ri s di ct i on in t he ci

rcu i t
co u r t
. S ecti o n 1 3
- 3
- 6 3 p r o v

i d es: 6 [ t ] h e a c c e p ta n c e b y a n o n re

s i d e n t of t h e ri g h ts an d p ri v i l eg es c on f e r r e d by t h e pr ov i s i on of t h i s s e c ti on , a s e v i d e n c e d b y h i s o p e r a t in g , e i t h e r i n pe r s on or by a g e n t or e m pl oy e e , a m ot or v ehicl

e upo n a ny ... h i

g h w a y o f t h i s st a t e .. . o r th e o p e r ati o n b y a n o n re s i d e n t o f a m o to r v e h i c l e o n a n y . . . h i g h w a y o f th i s s t at e ... ot

h e r t h a n u n de r t h i s s e c ti on , s hal l bede e m e d e qui

v al e nt t o an a ppoi n t m e n t by s u c h n on r e s i de n t of t he S e c r e t a

r y of St at e of

t h e St at e of M i s s i s s i pp i t o b e h i s t r u e an d l a w f ul a t t or n ey , u po n w h om m ay be se r v ed al l7

l a w f ul p r o c e s s e s o r

s um m o ns e s i n a ny a c ti o n o r p r o c e e d i

ng a ga i ns t hi m , g rowi n g ou t of a n y a c c i de n t or c ol l i s i on i n w h i c h s a i d n onr e s i d e n

t m a y be i n v ol ved w h i l e oper at i n g a m ot or v eh i cl e on s u ch
.. . h i g h w ay .. . an d sai d a c c e p t an ce or op erat i on s h al l be a s i g n i f i cat i on of h i s ag r eem en t t h at an y s u ch pr oces s or

s u m m on s ag ai n s t h i m w hi c h i s s o s er

v ed sh al l be of t h e s am e l eg al f orc e a n d v a l i di t y a s i f s e r v e d on h i m pe r s on a l l y . ... A n y cau s e of act i on ar i s i n g ou t of s uc h a c c i den

t or col l i s i on ag ai n s t an y s u ch n o n r e s i d e n t, i n c a s e o f th e d e ath o f s u c h n o n re s i d e n t, s h a l l s u rv i v e . . . a n d s e rv ic e of al l n ece s s ar y an d l aw f u l pr oces s or

s u m m on s , w h en ha d or

ob t ai n ed u po n an y s u c h n o n re s i d e n t o w n e r, n o n re s i d e n t o p e rato r o r a g

e n t o r e m p l o y e e . . . i n th e m a n n e r a s h e r e i n be f or e pr ovi d e d , f

or t h e s e r v i c e of a l l l a w f u l proc e s s e s or s u m m on s e s , h e r e i n , s h a l l be de e m

e d s u f f i c i e n t s e r vi c e of proc e s s or

s u m m on s to g i v e an y cou r t of t h i s s t ate, i n w hi ch s u ch act i on m ay be f i l ed i n acc or dan

ce w i t h t h e s t at u t e s of t h e St at e of

M i s s i s s i ppi , j uri s di ct i on ov er

t he cause o

f ac t i on an

d o v er t h e n on r es i den t ow n er , nonre s i de nt ope r

at or or a g e n t or em pl oy ee, or t h e n on r es i den t ex ecu tor , o r adm i n i s t r a t o r of s u ch n on r es i den t ow n e r or n on r e s i de n t ope r ator , d e fe n d a n t or de f e n da n t s , and s hal

l w ar r ant a n d a u t h o r i z e p e r

s onal j udgm e nt agai

ns t s uc h n

o n r es i den t ow n er , nonre s i de nt ope r

at or , ag en t , em pl oy ee, ex ecu tor or ad mi ni s t r ator or ot h er l eg al r epr es en t at i v e of t h e es t ate of

s u ch n on r es i den t ow ne r or

n on r es i den t ope r ator , d

e fe n d a n t o r d ef en d an t s, i n t hee v e nt t hep l ai

nt i f f i n s uc h c aus eof a c t io n s h a ll p re v a il
. M i s s . C ode A

n n . Sec ti on 13- 3- 63 ( e m

ph a s i s a dde d)
. S

ee a l so N a t i o n w i d e M u t . In s. C o . v . T i l lm an , 2 4 9 M i

s s . 1 4 1 , 1 6 2 , 1 6 1 S o . 2 d 6 0 4 , 6 1 2 (1 9 6 4 ) (th

e p u rp o s e o f t h

i s a c t i s

“ s u bj e c t [ i n g ] t o t h e j u ri s di c t i o n o f
. .. M i

s s i s s i ppi c ou r t s n on re s i de n t s w h o a r e c on c e r n e d or i n v ol v ed i n [ t h e] op erat i on of au tom ob i l es wi t h i n t h i s s t ate” an d “af f or d[ i n g] a no n

r es i den t def en dan t , w h o h a s s us t ai

n ed a w r eck du e to t h e oper at i on of an au tom ob i l e w i t h i n t h i s s t ate, t he oppor

t u n i t y t o a de qu

at e l y de f e n d h i m s e l f i n a s u i t a ri s i n g t h e r e f rom .” ) . B y op e r a t ing
v eh i cl es i n t h e St ate of

M i s s i s s i pp i , D epu t y M ay s an d O f f i cer M cC l u rg s eparatel y s u bj ected t h e m s e l v e s t o t h e pe r s on a l j u ri s di c ti on of M i s s i s s i ppi c ou r t s f or a c ti on s a ri s i n g ou t of
acc i den t s w h i ch occu r i n t h i s s t ate.8

¶1 1
. T h e f a c ts p l a i n l y e s ta b l i s h th at n e it h e r C o lb e rt C o u

n ty o r S h e ri f f M a y e n te re d u p o n th e h i g h w ay s of M i s s i s s i pp i , i n v ol v ed t h em s el v es i n ef f or t s to stop t he f

l eei n g f el on s , o r i n an y ot h e r w a y s u bj e c t e d t h e m s e l v e s t o j ur i s di

c ti on u n de r M i s s . C ode A

n n . Sec ti on 13- 3- 63. T h eref or e, w e pr oceed w

i t h a l on g - ar m an al y s i s to d et e r mine i

f j u ri s di ct i on can be con f er r ed

u pon t h e m u n de r t h e M i s s i s s i ppi l on g - a r m s t at u te , s ee M i

s s . C ode A

n n . Sec ti on 13- 3- 57. As s u m i n g a rg u e n d o th a t ato r t i n wh o l e o r in p a r t w a s c o m

m i tt e d wi th i n th e s ta te b y th e m , we
m us t a l s o f

i n d t h at m i n i m u m c on t a c t s e x i s t
. See I nt e r nat i onal Shoe C o. v . W as hi ngt on , 32 6 U .S . at 31 6. N ot

f i nd ing t he l a t t er , t

h i s C ou r t con cl u des t h at C ol ber t C ou n t y an d S h er i f f M ay
are not s u bj e c t to pe r s on a l j u ri s di c ti on i n M i s s i s s i ppi
. See id
. C ON C L U S I ON ¶ 12
. T h i s C ou r t f i n ds t h at C i t y of C h erok ee, C h

erok ee Pol

i ce C h i ef P au l N o r m a n, an

d C h e ro k e e P o l

i c e O ff i c e r Je rry Mc C l u rg w aiv ed

t h ei r ob j ect i on s to p er s on

al j u ri s di ct i on ; an d C ol be r t C ou n t y D e pu t y B i l l M a y s i s s u bj e c t to pe r s on

a l j ur i s di c ti on by v i r t u e of M i s s . C ode A n n . S ect i on 13
- 3- 63 . C ol

ber t C ou n t y an d C ol ber t C ou n t y S h er i f f R on n i e M ay are not s u

bj ect to th e p e rso n a l ju ri sd i c ti o n o f th e c i rcu i t co u rt , a s n e i th e r co m m i tte d a to rt i n w h o l e o r i n p a rt
wi t hin t he S t at e of

M i s s i s s i ppi n or e n t e r e d u pon t h e h i g h w a y s of t h e St at e of

M i s s i s s i ppi
. T h e re f o re , th i s C o u rt (1 ) a f f i rm s th e c i rc u i t c o u rt’s o rd e r to th

e e x te n t th at i t d e n i e d th e
m oti on of C i t y of C h erok ee, C h

ero k ee Pol

i ce C h i ef P au l N or m an , C h erok ee Pol

i ce O f f i cer J e rry M c C l u rg , a n d C o l b e rt C o u n ty D e p u ty M a y s ; (2 ) re v e rs e s th e c i rc u i t c o u rt’s o rd e r to th

e
e x t e n t t h at i t de n i e d t h e m oti on of C ol be r t C ou n t y a n d C ol be r t C ou n t y Sh e ri f f R on n i e M a y;
an d ( 3 ) r em an d s t h i s case to t

h e ci rcu i t co u r t wi t h d i r ecti o n s t h at i t ( a) d i sm i ss t h e p l ai n ti f f s’
c om pl a i n t a n d t h i s a c ti on wi t h pr e j u di c e a s to de f

e n da n t s Pau l N or m a n , J e r r y M c C l u rg , R on n i e9

M a y , a n d B i l l M a y s , in t h e i

r i n d i v i d u a l c a p a c i ti e s ; (b ) d i s m i s s th e p l a i n ti f f s ’ c o m p l a i n t a n d th i s act i on ag ai n s t C ol ber t C ou n t y an d C ol ber t C ou n t y S h er i f f R on n i e M ay f or l ack of per s on al j u ri s di ct i o n ov er t h ose t w o d ef en dan t s ; an d ( c) f or f u r t h er pr oceedi n gs ag ai n s t t h e rem ai n i n g de f e n da n t s c on s i s t e n t wi t h t h i s opi n i on . ¶ 13. A FF I RM E D I N P

A RT ; RE V E RS E D A

ND RE M A

NDE D I N P

A RT
. S M I T H , C . J . , W

A L L E R AN D C O B B , P . J J . , DI A Z , C A RL S O N A

ND DI C K

I NS O N, J J . , CON CUR . GR AVE S , J . , CON CUR S I N P AR T AN D D I S S EN TS I N P AR T W I THOUT S E P A R A T EW R I T T E N OP

I N I ON . E A S L E Y

, J . , N OT P A R T I C I P A T I N G.