N O T FO R PUB L ICAT IO N UNITED STATES C OUR T OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH C IR C U IT UNITED STATES OF AM ER IC A,

Pla i ntiff-Appe lle e , v. R AC HEL R

UVALC AB A-M OR

ALES, aka R a c he l M o ra le s, a

ka R a c he l R uva lc a b a , De fe nda

n t-Appe l la

nt. No. 15-50563

D.C . No. 3:13-c r-04514-B EN-9
M EM O R ANDUM *

Appe a l from

the Unite d

Stat e s Distric t C ourt for the Southe rn Distric t of C a lifornia R oge r T. B e nite z , Distric t Judge , Pre s iding Subm itte d June 6, 2017 ** Pa sa de n a , C a l ifornia B e fore : GR

AB E R , SAC K, *** and M UR GUIA, C irc uit Judge s. 

# F IL ED J UN 14 2017 M OLLY C. DW Y E R, CLERK U. S. CO URT O F APPEALS

* This disposition is not a

ppropria te for public ation a

nd is not pre c e de nt e xc e pt a s provide d

by Ninth C irc uit R

ule 36-3.

* * T he pa ne l una nim ously c onc lude s tha

t this c a se is suita

ble for de c ision without ora l a

rgum e nt. Fe d. R . App. P. 34(a)(2).

* * * The Honora

ble R obe rt D. Sa c k, Unite d Stat e s C irc uit Judge for the C ourt of Appe a ls for the Se c ond C irc uit, sitting by de signa tion.De fe nda nt R a c h e l R

uva lc a ba -M ora le s ple a de d guilty to one R IC O c o unt a

nd
one c ount of c o nspira c y

to distribute c ontrolle d substa nc e s. She a

ppe a ls he r be low-Guide line s se nte nc e , the fine im pose d, a nd a c ondition of supe

rvise d
re le a se . B e c a

use the issue s ra ise d on a

ppe a l we re not pre s e nte d to the distric t
c ourt, we re vie w for pla in e rror. Unite d State s v. He rre ra -R i ve ra , 832 F.3d 1166, 1172 (9th C ir. 2016); Unite d State s v. M iqbe l, 444 F.3d 1173, 1176 (9th C ir. 2006); Fe d. R . C rim . P. 52(b). 1. The distric t c ourt did not pla inly e rr by a p ply ing a two-le ve l se nte nc ing
e nha nc e m e nt for im

porta tion of m e tha

m phe tam i ne . Any

e rror did not a ffe c t the outc om e of the se nte n c ing proc e e ding, Puc ke tt v. Unite d State s, 556 U.S. 129, 135 (2009), be c a

use the c o urt m a d e c le ar that it ba se d the se le c te d se nte nc e on fa c tors inde pe nde nt of the Guide line s , M olina -M artine z v. Unite d State s, 136 S. C t. 1338, 1346 (2016). 2. The distric t c ourt did not pla inly e rr in a ddre ssing De fe nda nt’ s m itiga

tion
argum e nts a

t se nte nc ing. Inde e d, be c a use the c o urt liste ne d to a nd a ddre s se d on the re c ord the m itiga

t ion a rgum e nts tha

t De fe n d ant m a de , the c ourt did not err a t
a ll. 3. The distric t c ourt did not pla inly e rr in im posing a $1,000 fine . From

the
c ourt’ s e xpla

nation a t se n t e nc ing, it is c le ar tha t the c ourt c onside re d the
2Guide line s, the 18 U.S.C . § 3553(a ) fa c tors, a nd the fine -spe c i fic fa c t ors se t forth in 18 U.S.C . § 3572(a ). Se e Unite d Stat e s v. Orla ndo, 553 F.3d 1235, 1239 (9th C ir. 2009) (noting re quire m e nt to c onside r a ll thre e se ts of fa c tors). And thec ourt
e xpla ine d its de c ision suffic ie ntly to a llow for m e aningful a ppe lla t e re vie w. Id. The re a sons tha

t the c ourt ga

ve we re pe rm issible , a

nd the c ourt did not ha

ve to list
e ve ry fa c tor. Unite d State s v. Hurta do, 760 F.3d 1065, 1069 (9th C ir. 2014). 4. Fina lly , the pa

rtie s, a nd we , a g re e tha

t one c ondition of supe

rvise d re le a se is im pe rm issibly va g ue and ove rbroa d. The c ondition is tha t De fe nda n t " sha ll not
a ssoc iate with a

ny m e m be r, prospe c t, or a ssoc iate of the M e x ic an M a fia ga ng or any othe r gan g or c lub with a history of c rim ina l a c tivity ." Two a spe c ts of tha t
c ondition a

re proble m atic unde r our pre c e de nts, Unite d State s v. Solte ro, 510 F.3d 858 (9th C i r. 2007) (pe r c uriam ), and Unite d State s v. Johnson, 626 F.3d 1085 (9th C ir. 2010). The te rm s " c lub with a history of c rim ina l a c tivity " and " a ssoc iat[ing] with a ny . . . prospe c t , or a ssoc iate of the M e xic an M a fia ga ng or a ny othe r gang or c lub with a

history of c rim ina l a c tivity " do not a de quate ly instruc t the ave ra ge pe rson a s to wha

t is forbidde n. (Em

p ha sis a dde d.) W e the re fore va c ate this
c ondition with instruc

tions to en te r a

m odifie d c ondition tha

t De fe nda nt " sha ll not
a ssoc iate with a

ny known m e m

be r of the M e xic an M a fia ga ng or a ny othe r gang with a history of c rim ina l a c tivity ."
3AFFIRM E D in par t; V ACAT E D and RE M ANDE D in par t, w ith

instr uc tions.

4