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NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37
DEWITT WIMBS

Appellant

v.

MOLLY WOLFSON : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 927 WDA 2022 Appeal from the Order Entered July 14, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at No(s): GD 20

- 012092

BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J. * MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED: August 30, 2023 Dewitt Wimbs (Wimbs) appeals from the order entered in the Court of Common Pleas of A llegheny County (trial court) granting the preliminary objections of Molly Wolfson (Wolfson) based on the statute of limitations and dismissing his personal injury complaint

. Wimbs challenges the trial court’s finding that he did not make a good faith effort to effectuate service within the limitations period. We affirm.
I.
A. This case arises from a motor vehicle accident that occurred nearly five years ago on th e night of November 26, 2018 , in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.J

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Wimbs brought this negligence action to recover damages for injuries he allegedly sustained when Wolfson failed to stop at a stop sign while traveling at an unsafe speed and drove her car into the passenger side of his vehicle , causing him to collide with another car . Wimbs initiated th is action on November 25, 2020 , by filing a p raecipe for w rit of s ummons one day before the two
- year statute of limitations expired. 1 Wimbs made no attempt to serve the initial writ on Wolfson and he had the writ reissued ten times from December of 2020 t hrough September of 2021. Wimbs attempted service once through the Allegheny County Sheriff on December 17, 20 2 0 , with a service address for Wol fson of 131 Hartle Road in Glenshaw, P ennsylvania . That service attempt was unsuccessful and the Sherriff’s comment on the docket read : “Def t does not live at this address, lives in the Bloomfield area of the City of Pittsburgh.” Wimbs filed his complaint against Wolf son on April 29, 2022. Wolfson filed preliminary objections to the complaint on May 20, 2022 , for Wimbs’ failure to file and serve the p raecipe for w rit of s ummons and/o r c omplaint
upon her within the prescribed statutory time per iod and his lack of good faith effort to serve her. C ounsel for Wolfson advised that she was never authorized

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______ 1 See 42 Pa.C.S. § 5524 (7) (setting two

- year statute of limitations period for negligence actions)

.J

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to accept service on behalf of Wolfson and never accepted service or spoke with Wimbs’ counsel about this matter. Wimbs filed a response to the prel iminary objections averring that he had made reasonable efforts to affect service of the w rit of s ummons and obtain a valid address for Wolfson after learning that she no longer resided at the Glenshaw address. Wimbs also maintained that after the Sherriff was unable to affect service , he contacted counsel for Wolfson’s i nsurer in July of
2021 to request her address and provide notice of the pending lawsuit , and that c ounsel entered an appearance on behalf of Wolfson in September of
2021. Wolfson filed a supplement to the preliminary objections attaching an affidavit averring that from the date of the alleged in cident until May of 2021, she lived in the Bloomfield area in the City of Pittsburgh ; she currently resides
i n the Highland Park area of the City of Pittsburgh; to date she has not been served with or given papers relating to this lawsuit by any s heriff ; and she has not resided on Hartle Road in Glenshaw at any point in time pertinent to this
action.
B. The trial court entered its o rder granting the preliminary objections and dismissing this case on July 14, 2022, after the parties presented their respective positions at oral argument

. Wimbs timely appealed and the trial
court issued a Rule 1925 (a) opinion

. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925. T he trial courtJ

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explained that dismissal of this case is appropriate because Wimbs’ issuance of the writ 11 times with only one attempt at service did not constitute a good faith effort to serve and provide notice of this lawsuit to Wolfson ; this lack of effort to effectuate service demonstrated an intent to stall and did , in fact , stall the judicial machinery making this litigation stale ; and there is no evidence that Wolfson had actual notice of this suit prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations

. ( See Trial Court Opinion, 8/29/22, at 1

- 2).
II.
A. Wimbs first contends the trial court erred in sustaining Wolfson’s preliminary objections given that he filed the writ of summons within the statute of limitations period and acted in good faith in attempting to effectuate
service. ( See Wimbs’ Brief, at 7

- 10 ). 2 He maintains that his conduct served

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______ 2 In reviewing a trial court’s order sustaining preliminary objections for improper service of process, our standard of review . . . is to determine whether the trial court committed an error of law. When considering the appropriateness of a ruling on preliminary objections, the appellate court must apply the same standard as the trial court. When considering preliminary objections, all material facts set forth in the chall enged pleadings are admitted as true, as well as all inferences reasonably deducible therefrom. Preliminary objections which seek the dismissal of a cause of action should be sustained only in cases in which it is clear and free from doubt that the pleade r will be unable to prove facts legally sufficient to establish the right to relief. Bellan v. Penn Presbyterian Med. Ctr. , 271 A.3d 506, 509 (Pa. Super. 2022), appeal denied , 283 A.3d 793 (Pa. 2022) (citation omitted).J

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to toll the statute of limitations and request s that we remand with instructions for Wolfson to file an answer to the complaint. We begin by observing that the “purpose of any statute of limitations is to expedite litigation and thus discourage delay and the presentation of stale claims which may greatly prejudice the defense of such claims.” McCreesh v. City of Philadelphia , 888 A .2d 664, 671 (Pa. 2005). “It is well

- established that service of process is a mechanism by which a court obtains jurisdiction of a defendant, and therefore, the rules concerning service of process must be strictly followed.” Bellan , supra at 509. “Thus, improper service is not merely a procedural defect that can be ignored when a defendant subsequently learns of the action against him or her.” Id. (citation omitted). Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 401 provides that “original process shall be served within the Commonwealth within 30 days after the issuance of the writ or the filing of the complaint.” Pa.R.C.P. 401(a). If the plaintiff is unable to serve the defendant within th is time period, he may file a praecipe for reissuance of the writ or reinstatement of the complaint in order to continue its validity. See Pa.R.C.P. 401(b) (1)

. Our c ase law h as provided that as long as the plaintiff files his writ or complaint before the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations period , the o riginal filing and any subsequent reissuances or reinstatements tolls the statute of limitations. See Bellan , supra at 509.J

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There are, however, limits on this tolling mechanism. In Lamp v. Heyman , 366 A.2d 882 (Pa. 1976), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court sought to limit the potential for abuse by plaintiffs who tol l the statute of limitations by filing a writ of summons, ha ve the writ repeatedly reissued, and fail to make a good faith effort to noti fy the defendant of the pending action

. See Lamp , supra at 88 8

- 8 8 9

. The Court concluded that t his process, while technically compliant with the Rules of Civil Procedure, is inconsistent with the purpose of the statute of limitations which is to avoid sta le claims and make the process of justice as sp eedy and efficient as possible. See i d. at 889. It held that “a writ of summons shall remain effective to commence an action only if the plaintiff then refrains from a course of conduct which serves to stall in its tracks the legal machinery he has just set in motion.” Id. T hus,

Lamp and its progeny req uire a plaintiff to make a good

faith effort in diligently and timely serving process on a defendant. When a defendant presents a factual dispute as to whether a plaintiff fulfilled this duty, the plaintiff carries an evidentiary burden to demonstrate tha t s he met her good

- faith mandate. If a plaintiff presents credible evidence that she made this attempt at service, then she fulfills her requirement to prove good faith. If a plaintiff does not present such evidence, then she has failed to satisfy her ev identiary burden, regardless of whether her actions (or inaction) were intentional, unintentional, or otherwise. Bellan , supra at 510 (some citations omitted)

. “What constitutes a ‘good faith’ effort to serve legal process is a matter to be assessed on a case by case basis.” Englert v. Fazio Mech. Servs.,
Inc . , 932 A.2d 122, 124 (Pa. Super. 2007) , appeal denied , 938 A.2d 1053 (Pa. 2007) (cita tion omitted). “Where noncompliance with Lamp is alleged,J

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the court must determine in its sound dis cretion whether a good

- faith effort to effectuate notice was made.” Id. (citation omitted). In making this decision: It is not necessary that the plaintiff ’ s conduct be such that it constitutes some bad faith act or overt attempt to delay before the rule of Lamp will apply. Simple neglect and mistake to fulfill the responsibility to see that requirements for service are carried out may be sufficient to bring the rule in Lamp to bear. Thus, conduct that is unintentional that works to delay the defendant ’ s notice of the action may constitute a lack of good faith on the part of the plaintiff. Id. (citation omitted ; emphasis added ).
A pplying the foregoing precepts to the instant case , we agree with the trial court’s determination that Wimbs’ actio ns did not serve to toll the statute of limitations. Wi mbs made only one attempt to serve Wolfson with the writ of summons after the statute of limitations period expired in December of
20 2 0

. W hen that attempt was unsuccessful and the sheriff’s office in formed him of Wolfson’s Bloomfield area residence , there is no indication that he made a diligent effort to locate her then

- current address to effectuate proper
service. Instead, several months later in July of 2021 , Wimbs contacted Wolfson’s insurance company to request her address and advise it of th is lawsuit

. He did not file the complaint until April 2022, about three

- and

- one half years after the incident giving rise to his claims occurred. Given these circumstances , W imbs’ lack of due diligence is apparent from the record which shows that he failed to fulfill his responsibility to ensure that the requirements for service were met. H is lack of eff ort worked to delayJ

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notice of the action and rendered the allegations he ma k e s in this litigation stale. See Englert , supra at 12 4

. Accordingly, Wimbs’ first issue merits no relief.
B. We next add ress Wimbs’ contention that under McCreesh , supra , Wolfson was require d to establish prejudice because sh e had actual knowledge of the law suit and that she has failed to offer any evidence of prejudice . ( See Wimbs’ Brief, at 10

- 1 2 ). Wimbs points to the fact that he contacted counsel for Wolfson’s insurer to request her address and to counsel ’s entry of
appear ance for Wolfson in September of 2021 , which he claims demonstrates actual notice of the suit

. In McCreesh , the plaintiff served a writ of summons on the Philadelphia City Law Department within the applicable statute of limitations period

. However, the writ was served by certified mail, which was procedurally improper. See McCreesh , at 666

. The plaintiff then effected service by hand delivery as required after the statute of limitations had e xpired. The McCreesh Court determined that the technically deficient service by mail was

non etheless acceptable , where counsel for the city received ac tual notice of the litigation within the statute of limitations period and remanded the case to the tria l court to consider whether the city suffered preju dice as a result of the delay of proper service

. See i d. at 674

. T he Court concluded that strictJ

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compliance with the procedural rules was unnecessary under these
circumstances and explained: Neither our cases nor our rules contemplate punishing a plaintiff for technical missteps where he has satisfied the purpose of the statute of limitations by supplying a defendant with actual notice. Therefore, we

. . . would dismiss only those claims wher e plaintiffs have demonstrated an intent to stall the judicial machinery or where plaintiff s’ failure to comply with the Rules of Civil Procedure has prejudiced defendant. Id. at 6 74

. The Court was also careful to emphasize that the plaintiff did eventually formally serve the defendant with process, that without proper service jurisdiction could not attach, and that its holding d oes not address situation s where a plaintiff never complies with the rules governing service of process. See id. at 666, n.1. Here, Wimbs did not formally serve Wolfson with the writ of s ummons or complaint by any means. Instead, the only actions that he took were to attempt to serve the writ on Wolfson at an address at which she did not reside and to contact counsel for her insurance company to advise of the suit after the statute of limitation s had expired. While counsel for the insurance company did enter an appearance for Wolfson, this did not occur until September of 2021 , about a year after the statute of limitations period expired. T he absence of actual notice within the statute of limitations and lack of eventual proper service distinguishes it from McCreesh , wherein the attorney for the defendant received the writ of summons within the prescribedJ

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statut ory time frame , albeit through certified mail rather than personal delivery as require d

. While McCreesh excuse s technical non

- compliance with procedural rules under limited circumstances , in this case, there was no significant attempt to comply with the ru les whatsoever. Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s Jul y 1 4 , 202 2 o rder granting Wolfson’s preliminary objections to Wimbs’ complaint and di smissing the complaint. Order affirmed. Judge Murray joins the memorandum. Judge McL aughlin concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 8/30/2023