[Cite as Malone v. Ford, 2021-Ohio-330.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

PIKE COUNTY 

FOREST J. MALONE, : Case No. 20CA903 

 Plaintiff-Appellant, : 

v. : DECISION AND 

 JUDGMENT ENTRY 

RICHARD FORD, ET AL., : 

 Defendants-Appellees. : RELEASED 1/29/2021 

APPEARANCES: 

Forest J. Malone, Portsmouth, Ohio, pro se. 

Stacy M. Brooks, Waverly, Ohio, for appellees. 

Hess, J. 

{¶1} Forest J. Malone appeals the trial court’s judgment in his favor on his 

conversion claim and awarding him $150, plus interest and court costs. Malone argues 

that the award of $150 in damages is absurdly inadequate. He contends that he presented 

evidence that entitled him to an award of damages in the sum of $62,000. Malone 

contends that the judge, who served as the factfinder, was prejudiced, arguing that “there 

must be a conflict of interest.” 

{¶2} Appellees argue that Malone’s appeal should be dismissed for failure to file 

a brief that conforms with the Appellate Rules of Procedure. Alternatively, appellees 

assert that the evidence presented in the trial court supports the damages award. 

 I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶3} Malone filed a complaint against Richard Ford, Tracey Young, and Michael 

Young alleging a conversion of his property as it relates to a mobile home trailer and its 
Pike App. No. 20CA903 2 

contents situated on Lake White. The trial court conducted a bench trial and found in favor 

of Malone on his claim of conversion of property.1 The court found that Malone was 

entitled to damages but that he failed to establish the fair market value of the property 

sufficient to rebut the testimony provided by Michael Young. Malone was awarded $150 

in compensatory damages, plus statutory interest and court costs. 

{¶4} Malone appealed the judgment and filed his brief. We ordered him to file a 

brief that complied with App.R. 16 and his original filing was stricken. Malone filed a 

second brief and again we informed him it was not compliant. Malone filed a third brief 

and we issued an order for appellees to file their responsive brief. Although Malone’s 

brief does not comport with App.R. 16, we are able to discern the purported error he raises 

and the relief he requests. 

Because we prefer to review a case on its merits rather than dismiss it due 

to procedural technicalities, we give considerable leniency to pro se 

litigants. “Limits do exist, however. Leniency does not mean that we are 

required ‘to find substance where none exists, to advance an argument for 

a pro se litigant or to address issues not properly raised.’ ” We consider a 

pro se litigant's appellate brief if it contains some cognizable assignment of 

error. (Citations omitted.) 

Viars v. Ironton, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 16CA8, 2016-Ohio-4912, ¶ 25. Therefore, in the 

interest of justice, we will review the merits of his appeal. 

{¶5} Malone contends that his damages award of $150 on his conversion claim 

is absurdly inadequate and that the factfinder must have a conflict of interest. He argues 

that the contents of the trailer had a value of $18,000, the trailer had a value of $24,000, 

and he experienced emotional “stress” and additional expenses related to boat storage, 

 1 A trial transcript was not included in the record. 
Pike App. No. 20CA903 3 

which totaled another $20,000. He states that his total damages are $62,000, making the 

award of $150 woefully inadequate. 

II. LAW AND ANALYSIS 

{¶6} A factfinder’s “determination of damages will ‘not be set aside unless the 

damages awarded were so excessive as to appear to have been awarded as a result of 

passion or prejudice, or unless the amount is so manifestly against the weight of the 

evidence as to show a misconception’ ” by the factfinder of its duties. Black v. Hicks, 8th 

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108958, 2020-Ohio-3976, ¶ 78-82, quoting Berris v. Zaremba, 8th 

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 60043, 1992 WL 74222 (Apr. 9, 1992). The assessment of damages 

is so thoroughly within the province of the factfinder that a reviewing court is not at liberty 

to disturb the award “absent an affirmative finding of passion and prejudice or a finding 

that the award is manifestly excessive.” Moskovitz v. Mt. Sinai Med. Ctr., 69 Ohio St.3d 

638, 655, 635 N.E.2d 331 (1994). “The size of the verdict, standing alone, is insufficient 

to establish passion or prejudice.” Eisnaugle v. Munn, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 00CA12, 

2000-Ohio-2037, *3. 

{¶7} A party seeking to challenge the factfinder’s determination of damages does 

so by filing a motion under Civ.R. 59 for new trial in the trial court. The failure to raise an 

issue before the trial court waives that party's right to raise the issue on appeal. State ex 

rel. Zollner v. Indus. Comm., 66 Ohio St.3d 276, 278, 611 N.E.2d 830 (1993). “An 

appellate court will not consider any error which counsel for a party complaining of the 

trial court's judgment could have called but did not call to the trial court's attention at a 

time when such error could have been avoided or corrected by the trial court.” (Internal 

quotations omitted.) State v. Quarterman, 140 Ohio St.3d 464, 2014-Ohio-4034, 19 
Pike App. No. 20CA903 4 

N.E.3d 900, ¶ 15. Thus, by failing to raise an issue to the trial court, an appellant forfeits 

that issue on appeal. Risner v. Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, 144 Ohio St.3d 278, 

2015-Ohio-3731, 42 N.E.3d 718, ¶ 26; Black v. Hicks, 2020-Ohio-3976, at ¶ 81 (party 

who fails to file a motion for a new trial under Civ.R. 59 forfeits any errors in the damages 

award on appeal). 

{¶8} Although Malone forfeited any error in the damages award by failing to 

object or otherwise raise the argument in the trial court, “[a]ppellate courts may, however, 

consider a forfeited argument using a plain-error analysis.” Eichenlaub v. Eichenlaub, 

2018-Ohio-4060, 120 N.E.3d 380, ¶ 21 (husband failed to raise his argument challenging 

spousal support award and thus forfeited it on appeal). However, “[a]n appellate court 

‘must proceed with the utmost caution’ in applying the doctrine of plain error in a civil 

case.” Risner at ¶ 27, quoting Goldfuss v. Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 121, 679 N.E.2d 

1099 (1997); Jones v Cleveland Clinic Found., __Ohio St.3d__, 2020-Ohio-3780, 

__N.E.3d__, ¶ 24. “Plain error should be strictly limited ‘to the extremely rare case 

involving exceptional circumstances when the error, left unobjected to at the trial court, 

rises to the level of challenging the legitimacy of the underlying judicial process itself.’ ” 

(Emphasis sic.) Risner at ¶ 27, quoting Goldfuss at 122; Berry v. Paint Valley Supply, 

LLC, et al., 4th Dist. Highland No. 16CA19, 2017-Ohio-4254, ¶ 29-30. 

{¶9} We decline to apply the doctrine of plain error to this civil case. Malone 

failed to provide a trial transcript, thus we have no choice but to presume the validity of 

the trial court’s proceedings: 

Pursuant to App.R. 9(B), it is the appellant's responsibility to order a 

complete transcript if he intends to argue that a finding is contrary to the 

weight of the evidence. This duty falls upon the appellant “because the 

appellant bears the burden of showing error by reference to matters in the 
Pike App. No. 20CA903 5 

record.” Plum Run, Inc. v. Cantor, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 02CA14, 2003–

Ohio-5545, ¶ 11. Where an appellant fails to provide the portions of the 

transcript required by an appellate court to resolve the assigned errors, “the 

appellate court has no choice but to presume the validity of the trial court's 

judgment and affirm.” Id.

Am. Family Ins. Co. v. Hoop, 4th Dist. Adams No. 13CA983, 2014-Ohio-3773, ¶ 36; 5 

Ohio Jur. 3d Appellate Review § 455 (“An appellate court has nothing to pass on if the 

appellant fails to provide a transcript of the lower court's proceedings, and the appellate 

court has no choice but to presume the validity of the lower court's proceedings”). 

III. CONCLUSION 

{¶10} Malone forfeited any errors in the determination of damages when he failed 

to preserve the issue for appellate review and because he failed to provide a trial 

transcript, we presume the trial court’s damages determination was valid. We overrule 

Malone’s assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court. 

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED. 
Pike App. No. 20CA903 6 

JUDGMENT ENTRY

 It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and that Appellant shall pay the 

costs. 

 The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

 It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Pike County 

Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution. 

 Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date of 

this entry. 

 A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of 

the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

Smith, P.J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion. 

Abele, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only. 

 For the Court 

 BY: ________________________________ 

 Michael D. Hess, Judge 

NOTICE TO COUNSEL 

 Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment 

entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with 

the clerk.