CLD-061 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 21-2436

___________

JEFFREY OLSON,

Appellant

v.

WARDEN SCHUYLKILL FCI; and

DIRECTOR FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

(Civ. No. 1:21-cv-00387)

District Judge: Honorable Sylvia H. Rambo

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Submitted for a Decision on the Issuance of a Certificate of Appealability or 

for Possible Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

January 13, 2022

Before: AMBRO, SHWARTZ and BIBAS, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: January 27, 2022)

_________

OPINION*

_________

PER CURIAM

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.
2

Proceeding pro se, Jeffrey Olson and three other inmates filed a putative class 

petition for habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241.1 Olson in essence claimed that FCI 

Schuylkill—his place of confinement—has failed to keep inmates safe from COVID-19, 

in violation of the Eighth Amendment. For relief, Olson primarily requested as follows: 

“immediate transfer of the most medically vulnerable individuals to home confinement or 

other appropriate settings[,] and immediate implementation for those who remain of the 

social[-]distancing and hyg[i]ene measures essential to lowering the risk of the disease 

and death.” Pet. 2; see also id. at 47-50.2

The Magistrate Judge issued a thorough report recommending that no class be 

certified (given Olson’s pro se status), and that Olson’s individual habeas claims be 

rejected (on exhaustion, cognizability, and merits grounds). Over Olson’s objections the 

District Court entered an order on July 21, 2021, adopting the Magistrate Judge’s report 

and denying all relief. This timely appeal by Olson followed. 

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a); a certificate of 

appealability is not required for this appeal. See Reese v. Warden Phila. FDC, 904 F.3d 

1 As Olson is the sole appellant here, moving forward we will refer to only him in 

describing the claims raised and adjudicated.

2 Last year, we issued a decision affirming the District Court’s order denying Olson’s 

motion for compassionate release. See United States v. Olson, 849 F. App’x 340, 341 (3d 

Cir. 2021) (per curiam). As indicated below, we do not consider Olson’s habeas action to 

be duplicative of his motion for compassionate release in the sense that we would need to 

consider the preclusive effects of our prior decision.
3

244, 246 (3d Cir. 2018). Our review is de novo. See Blood v. Bledsoe, 648 F.3d 203, 206 

(3d Cir. 2011) (per curiam).

For many of the reasons given in the Magistrate Judge’s report, we agree with the 

District Court’s disposition below. To complement the Magistrate Judge’s analysis, we 

offer just a few points.

First, the District Court properly rejected Olson’s attempt to certify a class of 

habeas petitioners. This Court and others have recognized that “pro se litigants are 

generally not appropriate as class representatives.” Hagan v. Rogers, 570 F.3d 146, 158–

59 (3d Cir. 2009); see also DeBrew v. Atwood, 792 F.3d 118, 132 (D.C. Cir. 2015); 

Fymbo v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 213 F.3d 1320, 1321 (10th Cir. 2000); Oxendine v. 

Williams, 509 F.3d 1405, 1407 (4th Cir. 1975).3 Notably, this is not a case in which a 

district court prematurely denies class certification before adjudicating a pro se litigant’s 

pending motion for appointment of counsel; Olson filed no such motion on the District 

Court’s docket. Cf. Hagan, 570 F.3d at 159.4

3

In part to counter that case law, Olson references class actions arising out of FCI 

Lompoc and FCI Danbury. Those cases, however, have been litigated by counsel. See, 

e.g., Torres v. Milusnic, 472 F. Supp. 3d 713, 718 (C.D. Cal. 2020); Martinez-Brooks v.

Easter, 459 F. Supp. 3d 411, 414 (D. Conn. 2020). Equally unavailing is Olson’s reliance 

on United States Parole Commission v. Geraghty, 445 U.S. 388 (1980), as the inmates in 

that case, too, were represented by counsel, see Geraghty v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 579 

F.2d 238, 252 (3d Cir. 1978). Perhaps Olson cites Geraghty to instead argue more 

broadly that inmate class actions are legally permissible. But that point is irrelevant to the 

District Court’s decision and undisputed, in any event. 

4

In his objections to the Magistrate Judge’s report, Olson referenced a counsel motion 

that was filed in the case of a different inmate.
4

Next, on the issue of exhaustion, we observe that federal prisoners must avail 

themselves of available administrative remedies before they may pursue relief in court 

under § 2241. See Moscato v. BOP, 98 F.3d 757, 760 (3d Cir. 1996); see also Callwood

v. Enos, 230 F.3d 627, 634 (3d Cir. 2000) (“[W]e have consistently applied an 

exhaustion requirement to claims brought under § 2241”). In its habeas opposition, the 

Government argued that Olson failed to complete the multistep institutional review 

process. Olson responded in conclusory fashion that exhaustion would be futile given the 

amount of time it takes to secure review. The Magistrate Judge agreed with the 

Government and determined that certain of Olson’s claims are inexcusably unexhausted 

and thus procedurally defaulted. Olson does not contest the exhaustion determination on 

appeal, and we discern no error in it regardless.

Finally, we touch on Olson’s request for transfer to home confinement. The 

Magistrate Judge interpreted that request as an attempt by Olson to use § 2241 as an endrun around the compassionate release statute (18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)) and the federal 

CARES Act, which vests in the Director of the Bureau of Prisons discretion to transfer an 

inmate to home confinement. See, e.g., 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c)(2); CARES Act, Pub. L.

116-136, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 281, Div. B, Title II, § 12003(b)(2). We agree with the 

Magistrate Judge that such a maneuver would be impermissible. See Wilson v. Williams, 

961 F.3d 829, 838 (6th Cir. 2020) (“A district court reviewing a claim under § 2241 does 

not have authority to circumvent the established procedures governing the various forms 

of release enacted by Congress.”). But we are of the view that Olson is instead seeking 

release as redress for allegedly Eighth Amendment-violative conditions of confinement
5

solely through the mechanism of § 2241. The District Court thus possessed habeas 

jurisdiction, see Hope v. Warden York Cnty. Prison, 972 F.3d 310, 325 (3d Cir. 2020), 

and had the authority to order a change in Olson’s custody if there was a valid basis to do

so, cf. Johnston v. Marsh, 227 F.2d 528, 529-30 (3d Cir. 1955). As the Magistrate Judge 

rightly determined, though, Olson’s Eighth Amendment claims lack merit because he 

failed to identify conduct rising to the level of deliberate indifference by his jailors, see

Hope, 972 F.3d at 329.

Accordingly, for the reasons given above, the District Court’s July 21, 2021 order will be 

affirmed. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4 (2011); 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6 (2018).