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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

MIAMI DIVISION

CASE NO. 1:20-cv-23223-BLOOM

DRAGAN JANICIJEVIC, on his own 

behalf and on behalf of all other similarly 

situated crew members working aboard 

BAHAMAS PARADISE CRUISE LINE

vessels

Plaintiffs,

v. CLASS ACTION

CLASSICA CRUISE OPERATOR, LTD.,

PARADISE CRUISE LINE OPERATOR

LTD.,

Defendants.

___________________________________/

FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT AND DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 

Plaintiff, DRAGAN JANICIJEVIC, on his own behalf and on behalf of all other similarly 

situated crew members working aboard BAHAMAS PARADISE CRUISE LINE vessels 

(hereinafter collectively referred to as “Plaintiffs”), hereby sues Defendants, CLASSICA CRUISE 

OPERATOR, LTD., PARADISE CRUISE LINE OPERATOR LTD. INC., and for good cause 

allege:

JURISDICTION AND PARTIES

1. Plaintiff, DRAGAN JANICIJEVIC, is a citizen of Serbia.

2. Defendant, CLASSICA CRUISE OPERATOR, LTD. (hereinafter “CCO”), is a foreign 

profit corporation incorporated in the Bahamas, has a principal place of business in New York, 

and is authorized to do and does transact business at its Florida office: 431 Fairway Dr, Suite 300, 

Deerfield Beach, Florida, 33441. 

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3. Defendant, PARADISE CRUISE LINE OPERATOR LTD. INC. (hereinafter “PCLP”), is 

a foreign profit entity with its principle place of business at 431 Fairway Dr, Suite 300, Deerfield 

Beach, Florida, 33441.

4. At all times material hereto, Defendants, CCO, and PCLP, collectively owned, operated, 

managed, maintained and/or controlled the following subject cruise vessels: Grand Celebration

and Grand Classica (hereinafter the “vessels”). Accordingly, Defendants, CCO and PCLP, will be 

collectively referred to as “Defendants.”

5. The matter in controversy exceeds the required jurisdictional amount, exclusive of interest 

and costs, and is a class action brought under this Honorable Court’s jurisdiction pursuant to 28 

U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2). In the event that class status is not certified, then this matter is brought under 

the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the Seaman’s Wage Act (46 

U.S.C. § 10313, 46 U.S.C. §10504), and 18 U.S.C. §1595. 

a. In the event that class status is not certified, Plaintiff requests an advisory jury trial 

pursuant to the remedies saved under the Saving to Suitors Clause of 28 U.S.C. 

§1333. See Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc., 531 U.S. 438, 454-55 (2001) 

(“Trial by jury is an obvious... example of the remedies available to suitors.”); see 

also Suzuki of Orange Park, Inc. v. Shubert, 86 F.3d 1060, 1063 (11th Cir. 1996). 

It is within the discretion of the court to allow for an advisory jury in an admiralty 

or maritime claim.

6. Defendant(s), at all times material, personally or through an agent:

a. Operated, conducted, engaged in or carried out a business venture in this state 

and/or county and/or had an office or agency in this state and/or county; 

b. Were engaged in substantial business activity within this state;

c. Operated vessels in the waters of this state; 

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d. Committed one or more of the acts stated in Florida Statutes, Sections 48.081, 

48.181 or 48.193; and/or

e. The acts of Defendant(s) set out in this Complaint occurred in whole or in part in 

this county and/or state. 

7. Defendants are subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts of this state.

8. The causes of action asserted in this Complaint arise under U.S. General Maritime Law 

and/or the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. § 30104. 

9. Defendants’ Grand Celebration fly’s a flag of convenience of the Bahamas.

10. Defendants’ Grand Classica fly’s a flag of convenience of Portugal.

11. At all times material hereto, Defendants operated the vessels in navigable waters. 

12. At all times material hereto, an employer-employee relationship existed between 

Defendants and Plaintiffs, as Defendants controlled Plaintiffs’ work aboard the vessels. 

a. Plaintiff DRAGAN JANICIJEVIC was employed by Defendants to work on 

Defendants’ vessels as a Casino Dealer.

13. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs were “seamen” aboard the respective vessels to 

which they were assigned by Defendants to work, as the term “seaman” is defined under U.S. 

General Maritime Law and/or the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. § 30104, Seaman’s Wage Act (46 U.S.C. 

§ 10313, 46 U.S.C. §10504). 

14. “Seamen from the start were wards of admiralty.” U.S. Bulk Carriers, Inc. v. Arguelles,

400 U.S. 351, 355 (1971) (citing Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U.S. 275, 287 (1897)). In 1823, Justice 

Story declared: “Every Court should watch with jealousy an encroachment upon the rights of a 

seaman, because they are unprotected and need counsel; because they are thoughtless and require 

indulgence; because they are credulous and complying; and are easily overreached. But Courts of 

maritime law have been in the constant habit of extending towards them a peculiar, protecting 

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favor and guardianship. They are emphatically the wards of the admiralty.” Harden v. Gordon, 11 

Fed. Cas. 480 (No. 6047) (C.C. Me 1823). “From the earliest times maritime nations have 

recognized that unique hazards, emphasized by unusual tenure and control, attend the work of 

seafarer.” See Aguilar v. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, 318 U.S. 724, 727 (1943). The Aguilar

Court further held: “the restrictions which accompany living aboard ship for long periods at a time 

combine with the constant shuttling between unfamiliar ports to deprive the seaman of the 

comforts and opportunities for leisure, essential for living and working that accompany most land 

occupations.” Id. at 728. 

15. In Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis, the U.S. Supreme Court reaffirmed the longstanding principle 

that seafarers are wards of Admiralty Courts, given the “feature of the maritime law that 

compensate[es] or offset[s] the special hazards and disadvantages to which they who go down to 

sea in ships are subjected.” 515 U.S. 347, 355 (1995). The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals explained 

the rationale for affording seafarers special protections in Castillo v. Spiliada Maritime Corp.:

“[Seafarers] enjoy this status because they occupy a unique position. A seaman isolated on a ship 

on the high seas is often vulnerable to the exploitation of his employer. Moreover, there exists 

a great inequality in bargaining position between large ship-owners and unsophisticated 

seafarer. Shipowners generally control the availability and terms of employment.” 937 F.2d 240, 

243 (5th Cir. 1991) (emphasis added).

16. Accordingly, the Admiralty Courts have a rich tradition of protecting seafarers, which 

flows from the uniquely abhorrent conditions seafarers face at sea. And it is not just the Courts 

which recognize the need to protect seafarers, as “[t]he policy of Congress, as evidenced by its’ 

legislation, has been to deal with [seafarers] as a favored class.” Bainbridge v. Merchants' & 

Miners' Transp. Co., 287 U.S. 278 (1932). 

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17. Plaintiffs, the Class Representative and Class Members herein, are and/or were crew

members who worked for Defendants aboard Defendants’ vessels and who were required to 

continue working aboard the ship without pay.

18. Because Defendants unilaterally terminated employment contracts with all of its crew 

members and Plaintiffs herein, any arbitration provisions contained within the employment 

contracts and/or CBAs to which they were incorporated by reference are void.

GENERAL ALLEGATIONS COMMON TO ALL COUNTS

20. This Class Action lawsuit deals with Defendants’ failure to abide its contractual 

agreements with its crewmembers. Pursuant to Plaintiffs’ employment contracts, Defendants are 

required to pay Plaintiffs two months of wages and/or Basic Pay Severance upon Defendants 

terminating Plaintiffs’ employment contracts. Yet when the COVID pandemic halted all sailings, 

Defendants forced all crewmembers aboard the ship to sign a document stating they were 

voluntarily staying onboard, without pay. The crewmembers were forced to sign these agreements 

by being threatened that they would not be rehired if they did not sign. This system of requiring 

crewmembers to work, without pay, is the equivalent of forced labor or peonage. 

21. This lawsuit also deals with Defendants failure to timely repatriate its crew members and 

misrepresenting to crewmembers that Defendants were arranging repatriation for crew members. 

The crew were unnecessarily kept on the ships for months on end, many thousands of miles away 

from their homes and families. Remarkably, there are still crewmembers effectively held hostage 

on the ship. This egregiously delayed repatriation is tantamount to false imprisonment of the crew. 

22. Outlined below is a timeline of events relevant to this Class Action lawsuit against 

Defendants. This timeline supports all claims asserted herein on behalf of the entire class: 

a. October 12, 2019 (Grand Classica) - Plaintiff DRAGAN JANICIJEVIC boards the 

Grand Classica as a crew member.

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b. March 8, 2020 – The CDC warns the public to avoid traveling on cruise ships, as 

several vessels across the globe have been quarantined due to the spread of COVID19.

c. On or about March 9, 2020 – In response to the CDC travel advisory the day before, 

Oneil Khosa, Defendants’ CEO, stated the following: “We want to reassure 

travelers that the U.S. State Department’s recommendation is just that, a 

recommendation, and there are currently no restrictions for those who choose to 

travel by cruise ship.” “The safety, health and wellbeing of our guests and crew will 

always remain our top priority and while we continue to monitor this situation 

closely – maintaining communication with the World Health Organization and 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – we firmly believe the risk to our 

guests and crew members remains very low. We will not permit any persons who 

have traveled or transited from countries currently identified in the CDC list. 

Additionally, we have a Health Declaration in place, and we are prepared to take 

all necessary preventative measures as circumstances indicate.”

d. March 14, 2020 – The CDC issued its first No Sail Order. The No Sail Order is/was 

applicable to cruise ship operators, like Defendants herein, and provided science 

updates known to date pertaining to the explosive contagiousness associated with 

COVID-19 and how the virus presented dangerous conditions to passengers and 

crew members aboard cruise ships, like the vessels named herein.

1

e. March 14, 2020 – Defendants suspended all of its future cruises.

f. March 15, 2020 (Grand Classica and Grand Celebration) – Defendants seizes all 

crew members’ I-95 landing permits, preventing crew members from leaving the 

vessels.

g. On or about March 16, 2020 (Grand Classica and Grand Celebration) –

Defendants transferred crew members, including Plaintiff, from the Grand Classica

to the Grand Celebration, without providing personal protective equipment to 

crewmembers, and without implementing any distancing as crewmembers were in 

large groups.

h. On or about March 17, 2020 – Defendants management holds a large, mandatory 

crew meeting in the theater aboard the Grand Celebration where crewmembers are 

placed closely together without any personal protective equipment. At this meeting, 

majority owner, Kevin Sheehan, announces that Defendants are unilaterally 

terminating contracts, and informing crewmembers they will not be fully 

compensated, despite such crewmembers’ contracts ending at a later date. 

Defendants represent to crew members that they will be paid a discounted amount, 

1 See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 14, 2020 No Sail Order 

https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/pdf/signed-manifest-order_031520.pdf.

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but this never happens. In addition, Defendants refuse to repatriate crewmembers 

that it is imprisoning on its ships without pay.

i. March 18, 2020 (Grand Celebration) – Defendants circulate a document to all crew 

members aboard the Grand Celebration, attempting to have crew members sign the 

document that states “I voluntary request to stay on board instead of choosing to 

fly home. By choosing to stay onboard without pay until the government has lifted 

restrictions for me to return home or until Bahamas Paradise Cruise Line returns to 

normal operation.” Defendants management instructs crew members that whoever 

wishes not to sign this document, will not be entitled to work for Defendants, or, at 

a minimum, will be the last to be selected come back onboard for employment once 

operations resume. 

i. Even if this document was signed by crew members, it is unenforceable as 

it was entered into under undue influence and/or duress and/or 

unconscionable. 

j. On or about March 19, 2020 (Grand Celebration) – Defendants administers three 

1.5 liter water bottles to each crew member weekly. Throughout the crew member’s 

time on the vessel and to present, crew members were served meals in large buffet 

settings in which they also ate meals in close quarters togethers. 

k. On or about March 19, 2020 (Grand Celebration) – Crew members continuously 

request Defendants to provide for repatriation and/or allow them off the vessel 

throughout their time on the vessel, including to this date. Defendants represent to 

crew members, including Plaintiffs, that it is doing everything it can in order to 

repatriate crew members.

l. April 9, 2020 – The CDC issued its second No Sail Order.2

m. On or about April 18, 2020 – The Honduran consulate in Miami, Florida said it had 

assisted in negotiating a repatriation flight for Honduran crew members, but 

Defendants refused to allow these crew members to get off the vessel and onto the 

flight.

n. On or about June 13, 2020 (Grand Celebration) – Defendants management holds 

a large, mandatory crew meeting aboard the Grand Celebration where 

crewmembers are placed closely together without any personal protective 

equipment.

CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS

23. This action is brought by Plaintiff on his own behalf, and on behalf of all others similarly 

2 See Centers for Disease Control, April 9, 2020 No Sail Order https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/pdf/No-Sail-OrderCruise-Ships_Extension_4-9-20-encrypted.pdf.

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situated, under the provisions of Rule 23(a) and 23(b)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

24. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs, the Class Representative and Class Members herein, 

are and/or were subject to illegal withholding and delay of their wages, and nonpayment of their 

wages as crew members of Defendants’ vessels.

25. The class so represented by the Plaintiff in this action, and of which Plaintiff is a member, 

consists of: all seafarer-employees who were employed, worked and were physically present on 

the Cruise Defendants’ vessels Grand Classica and Grand Celebration anytime between March 

18, 2020 until August 20, 2020. “Seafarer-employees” shall not include deck and engine 

employees and independent contractors and Cruise Defendants’ corporate officers or corporate 

directors. 

26. This class of crew members suffered lost wages and lost employment opportunities as a 

result of Defendants’ failure to pay Plaintiffs’ wages, breaching Plaintiffs’ employment contracts, 

and/or restraining Plaintiffs onboard the vessels.

27. The exact number of members of the class is 276 members. The class is so numerous that 

joinder at this anticipated amount of all members is impracticable. Thus, this action satisfies the 

requirements of Rule 23(a)(1).

28. There are common questions of law and fact that relate to and effect the rights of each 

member of the class and the relief sought is common to the entire class. The same misconduct on 

the part of Defendants caused the same or similar injury to each class member. All class members 

seek damages under U.S. General Maritime Law and/or the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. § 30104, the 

Seaman’s Wage Act, (46 U.S.C. §10313, 46 U.S.C. § 10504), for breach of the Plaintiffs’ 

employment contracts, for false imprisonment, and for negligent misrepresentation. Accordingly, 

this action satisfies the requirement of Rule 23(a)(2). 

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29. The claims of Plaintiffs are typical of the claims of the class, in that the claims of all 

members of the class, including the named Plaintiff, depend upon a virtually identical showing of 

the acts and omissions of Defendants giving rise to the right of Plaintiff to the relief sought herein. 

Defendants were at all times material hereto engaged in the same conduct to the detriment of the 

entire class of Plaintiffs. Accordingly, this action satisfies the requirements of Rule 23(a)(3). 

30. Plaintiff is the representative party for the class, and is able to, and will, fairly and 

adequately protect the interests of the class. There is no conflict between Plaintiff and other 

members of the class with respect to this action, or with respect to the claims for relief herein. 

Lipcon, Margulies, Alsina & Winkleman, P.A., are experienced and capable in the field of 

maritime claims for cruise ship passenger and crew member injuries and lost wages owed to crew 

members, including class actions, and have successfully represented claimants in other litigation 

of this nearly exact nature. Further, the Moskowitz Law Firm PLLC, is a preeminent class action 

law firm representing plaintiffs against insurance companies, mortgage companies, cruise lines, 

consumer product sellers, and spearheaded the litigation and resolution of over 30 nationwide class 

actions for homeowners against the major mortgage providers in the country. The undersigned law 

firms will actively conduct and be responsible for Plaintiff’s case herein. Accordingly, this action 

satisfies the requirement of Rule 23(a)(4). 

31. This action is properly maintained as a class action under Rule 23(b)(3) inasmuch as 

questions of law and fact common to the members of the class predominate over any questions 

affecting only individual members, and a class action is superior to the other available methods for 

the fair and efficient adjudication of this controversy. In support of the foregoing, Plaintiffs allege 

that common issues predominate and can be determined on a class-wide basis regarding: a)

Defendants policy of withholding Plaintiffs’ wages while restraining Plaintiffs onboard its vessels, 

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b) Defendants policy of requiring Plaintiffs to perform duties onboard its vessels without pay, c) 

Defendants policies in violation of the Seaman’s Wage Act (46 U.S.C. §10313, 46 U.S.C. §10504), 

18 U.S.C. §1595, and the General Maritime Law of the United States, d) Defendants purposefully 

restraining Plaintiffs onboard its vessels because it did not want to repatriate Plaintiffs with 

chartered commercial flights, and e) Defendants carelessly misrepresenting to Plaintiffs they 

would paid after restraining Plaintiffs onboard Defendants’ vessels without pay. 

32. For purposes of this lawsuit “wages” shall mean payment of base wages, overtime wages, 

extra overtime wages, penalty wages under 46 USC § 10313, 46 USC § 10504, 18 USC § 1595, 

severance, tips, gratuities, or other compensation in accordance with contract law; the incorrect 

allotment of any earnings; repatriation damages under the Jones Act; tort claims relating to crew 

employment other than personal bodily injury claims; and any other error or omission of any kind 

that relates to wages, any promises to pay any monies whatsoever arising out or in connection with 

the employer-employee relationship and any other compensation of whatever kind or in any way 

arising from or connected to the Plaintiff and the class members’ employment with the Defendants

at any given time period between March 18, 2020 until August 20, 2020 and owed by the 

Defendants to Plaintiff and the Class Members who work or worked aboard any of the two Cruise 

Defendant vessels (Grand Celebration, and the Grand Classica) between March 18, 2020 and 

August 20, 2020.

33. A class action is superior to other available methods for the fair and efficient adjudication 

of this controversy because it is unlikely that individual plaintiffs would assume the burden and 

the cost of this complex litigation, and Plaintiff is not aware of any class members who are 

interested in individually controlling the prosecution of a separate action. The interests of justice 

will be served by resolving the common disputes of the class members with Defendants in a single 

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forum, and individual actions by class members, many of whom are citizens of different states 

would not be cost effective. The class consists of a finite and identifiable number of individuals 

which will make the matter manageable as a class action.

34. Defendants and many of the Plaintiffs herein have entered into employment contracts 

and/or Collective Bargaining Agreement’s (“CBAs”), which call for arbitration of employmentrelated disputes between Defendants and the respective seafarers.

35. However, on or about March 17, 2020, Defendants unilaterally terminated employment 

contracts with all of its crew members and Plaintiffs herein. As such, any arbitration provisions 

and/or class action waiver provisions contained within the employment contracts and/or CBAs to 

which they were incorporated by reference are void. 

COUNT I – JONES ACT NEGLIGENCE – FAILURE TO REPATRIATE

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

36. At all times material hereto, it was the duty of Defendants to repatriate Plaintiffs upon 

completion of Plaintiffs’ contract.

37. At all times material hereto, Defendants and/or its agents, servants, and/or employees acts 

and/or omissions caused, contributed and/or played a substantial part in bringing about Plaintiffs’ 

injuries for reasons that include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. Failure to repatriate Plaintiffs upon completion of Plaintiffs’ contract; and/or

b. Failure to adequately arrange transportation for Plaintiffs to be transported to their 

home country upon completion of Plaintiffs’ contract; and/or

c. Other acts or omissions constituting a breach of the duty to use reasonable care 

under the circumstances which are revealed through discovery.

38. At all times material hereto, Defendants knew or should have known of the foregoing 

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conditions which caused and/or resulted in Plaintiffs’ injuries and/or death and did not correct 

them. In the alternative, the foregoing conditions existed for a sufficient length of time so that 

Defendants, in the exercise of reasonable care should have learned of them and corrected them.

39. As a result of Defendants’ negligence, Plaintiffs suffered pain and suffering, mental 

anguish. Plaintiffs also lost enjoyment of life,. Plaintiffs were also inconvenienced in the normal 

pursuits and pleasures of life and suffered from feelings of economic insecurity caused by the 

mental anguish. Plaintiffs also suffered lost wages, income lost in the past, and their working 

abilities and/or earning capacities have been impaired. 

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment for all damages 

recoverable under the law against the Defendants and demand trial by jury.

COUNT II – WAGES AND PENALTIES

46 USC § 10313

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

40. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs were employed as seamen in the service of 

Defendants’ vessels.

41. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs were employed in vessels engaged in voyages 

between a U.S. port and a foreign (non-U.S.) port and/or between U.S. ports in the Atlantic Ocean. 

42. While in the service of the ship, Plaintiffs performed all the work required of them and 

carried out the orders given to them by their superiors.

43. The Contract of Employment (hereinafter referenced to as the “Contract”) includes the 

terms of Plaintiffs’ employments, including wages.

44. The Contract was negotiated between Defendants and the Plaintiffs. 

45. Pursuant to their agreement with Defendants, Plaintiffs have a right to their full wages

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and/or severance pay.

46. On or about the above stated date, Defendants unilaterally terminated Plaintiffs’ contracts 

and informed Plaintiffs they would no longer be paid their earned wages while restraining 

Plaintiffs to the vessel(s).

47. Defendants required crew members, including Plaintiffs, to continue working duties 

deemed essential, including, but not limited to cooking and preparing meals, cleaning, sanitizing, 

and/or maintaining the vessels, without paying these crew members.

48. At all times material hereto, Defendants actions deprived Plaintiffs of their earned wages 

in violation of the Seaman’s Wage Act (46 U.S.C. §10313, 46 U.S.C. §10504), and the General 

Maritime Law of the United States.

49. Defendants failed to properly pay the Plaintiffs their earned wages with respect to voyages 

that began, harbored, and/or finished in ports of the United States.

50. Defendants have sole custody and control of Plaintiffs’ wage records and personnel file. 

These documents are needed by Plaintiffs to show exact dates and amounts with respect to earned 

wages owed to Plaintiffs and deductions made from such earned wages. 

51. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs made demands to Defendants for payment of all 

earned wages. 

52. At all times material, Defendants’ withholding of wages was arbitrary, willful and/or 

unreasonable, and therefore without sufficient cause. 

53. Defendants scheme to pay Plaintiffs nothing regardless of how many hours they actually 

worked amounts to a failure to pay earned wages pursuant to 46 U.S.C. §10313

54. Under 46 U.S.C. Section 10313, Plaintiffs are entitled to their earned wages, and two days 

wages for each day payment is delayed.

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WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment against 

Defendants for all damages, wage penalties, attorney’s fees, interest, and all other damages

recoverable under the law, and demand trial by jury of all issues so triable.

COUNT III – WAGES AND PENALTIES

46 USC § 10504

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

55. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs were employed as seamen in the service of 

Defendants’ vessels.

56. At all times material, Plaintiffs worked in vessels engaged in voyages between ports in one 

U.S. State and ports in another U.S. State. 

57. While in the service of the ship, Plaintiffs performed all the work required of them and 

carried out the orders given to them by their superiors.

58. The Contract of Employment includes the terms of Plaintiffs’ employments, including 

wages.

59. The Contract was negotiated between Defendants and the Plaintiffs. 

60. Pursuant to their agreement with Defendants, Plaintiffs have a right to their full wages 

and/or severance pay.

61. On or about the above stated date, Defendants unilaterally terminated Plaintiffs’ contracts 

and informed Plaintiffs they would no longer be paid their earned wages while restraining 

Plaintiffs to the vessel(s).

62. Defendants required crew members, including Plaintiffs, to continue working duties 

deemed essential, including, but not limited to cooking and preparing meals, cleaning, sanitizing, 

and/or maintaining the vessels, without paying these crew members.

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63. At all times material hereto, Defendants actions deprived Plaintiffs of their earned wages 

in violation of the Seaman’s Wage Act (46 U.S.C. §10313, 46 U.S.C. §10504), and the General 

Maritime Law of the United States.

64. Defendants failed to properly pay the Plaintiffs their earned wages with respect to voyages 

that began, harbored, and/or finished in ports of the United States.

65. Defendants have sole custody and control of Plaintiffs’ wage records and personnel file. 

These documents are needed by Plaintiffs to show exact dates and amounts with respect to earned 

wages owed to Plaintiffs and deductions made from such earned wages. 

66. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs made demands to Defendants for payment of all 

earned wages. 

67. At all times material, Defendants’ withholding of wages was arbitrary, willful 

and/or unreasonable, and therefore without sufficient cause. 

68. Defendants scheme to pay Plaintiffs nothing regardless of how many hours they actually 

worked amounts to a failure to pay earned wages pursuant to 46 U.S.C. §10504.

69. Under 46 U.S.C. Section 10313, 46 U.S.C. Section 10504, Plaintiffs are entitled to their

earned wages, and two days wages for each day payment is delayed.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment against 

Defendants for all damages, wage penalties, attorney’s fees, interest, and all other damages

recoverable under the law, and demand trial by jury of all issues so triable.

COUNT IV - BREACH OF CONTRACT

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

70. Under the General Maritime Law, Plaintiffs may bring both a Seaman’s Wage Act claim 

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and a breach of contract claim – as the two claims are not duplicative and the remedies of the two 

are not identical. See Brown v. Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd., No. 99-11774, 2000 WL 34449703 

*1, *9 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 24, 2000). See also Jose v. M/V Fir Grove, 801 F. Supp. 358 (D. Org. 1992) 

(holding that Plaintiffs were allowed to claim breach of contract against Defendants - not subject 

to the Seaman’s Wage Act’s penalty provisions - based on Defendants’ failure to abide by CBA 

terms); Borcea v. Norwegian Cruise Lines Ltd., 212 F.R.D. 144 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) (action for breach 

of contract under seafarers’ CBAs as well as Seaman’s Wage Act for federal statutory wage 

penalties); Pinto v. Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd., 513 F. Supp. 2d 1334 (S.D. Fla. 2007) (same).

71. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs were employed as seamen in the service of 

Defendants’ vessels.

72. While in the service of the ship, Plaintiffs performed all the work required of them and 

carried out the orders given to them by their superiors.

73. The Contract of Employment includes the terms of Plaintiffs’ employments, including 

wages.

74. The Contract was negotiated between Defendants and the Plaintiffs. 

75. Pursuant to their agreement with Defendants, Plaintiffs have a right to their full wages.

76. Defendants violated the Contract by forcing Plaintiffs to perform duties without 

compensating for such work.

77. Pursuant to their agreement with Defendants, Plaintiffs have a right to their two months 

wages and/or two months Basic Pay Severance upon Defendants termination of Plaintiffs’ 

Contract for any reason.

78. Defendants violated the Contract by failing to pay Plaintiffs two months wages and/or pay 

two months Basic Pay Severance upon unilaterally terminating Plaintiffs’ Contracts on or about

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the above stated date.

79. Defendants did not perform its duties under the contract.

80. Defendants acted in bad faith and in breach of the Plaintiffs Contracts.

81. The breaches of the Plaintiffs’ Contracts are direct and legal causes of Plaintiffs’ damages.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment against 

Defendants for all damages, wage penalties, interest, and all other damages recoverable under the 

law, and demand trial by jury of all issues so triable.

COUNT V – FORCED LABOR, PEONAGE

18 U.S.C. §1595

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

82. Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1595 (a) an individual who is a victim of “forced labor” and/or 

“peonage” may bring a civil action against the perpetrator (or whoever knowingly benefits, 

financially or by receiving anything of value from participation in a venture which that person 

knew or should have known has engaged in an act of forced labor and/or peonage) in an appropriate 

district court of the United States and may recover damages and reasonable attorney’s fees. 

83. At all times material, Defendants as ship owner, exercised complete custody and/or control 

over Plaintiffs - seafarers who work isolated at sea and far from their home countries.

84. Defendants implemented a plan to deprive Plaintiffs of their wages. Defendants terminated 

Plaintiffs employment contracts, but continued to require Plaintiffs to perform duties onboard its 

vessels. 

85. Defendants knowingly benefited, financially from the above plan. A plan which 

Defendants knew or should have known constituted forced labor and/or peonage.

86. By terminating Plaintiffs’ employment contracts, and forcing Plaintiffs to work certain 

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duties without pay, Defendants financially benefited – incurring substantial savings from not 

having to pay for the work.

87. At all times material, by implementing the above described plan:

a. Defendants intended and, in fact coerced Plaintiffs to work effectively without pay, 

subjecting them to involuntary servitude;

b. Defendants wrongful conduct further intended, and in fact caused, Plaintiffs to 

believe that they had no alternative but to perform the forced labor;

c. Defendants knowingly benefited financially from the coerced labor and/or 

involuntary servitude of Plaintiffs.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment against 

Defendants for all damages recoverable under the law, including, but not limited to, attorney’s fees 

and interest, and demand trial by jury of all issues so triable.

COUNT VI - NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION 

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

88. On or about March 9, 2020, Defendants made representations to crew members via a public 

statement from its CEO, Oneil Khosa, that “the safety, health and wellbeing of [its] crew will 

always remain [its] top priority...we are prepared to take all necessary preventative measures as 

circumstances.”

a. In Defendants’ public announcement to crew members, Defendants misrepresented 

that the safety, health and wellbeing of its crew members were its top priority.

89. On or about March 17, 2020, Defendants made representations to crew members at a large 

meeting onboard the Grand Celebration, including Plaintiffs, that although Defendants were 

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unilaterally terminating Plaintiffs’ employment contracts and restraining Plaintiffs onboard the 

subject vessel, Defendants would pay Plaintiffs a discounted amount while Plaintiffs were still 

onboard the subject vessel.

a. In Defendants’ announcement to Plaintiffs on or about March 17, 2020, Defendants 

misrepresented that Defendants would pay Plaintiffs while Plaintiffs were still 

onboard the vessel(s) after March 17, 2020.

90. At all times material hereto, the foregoing statements Defendants made and/or 

disseminated were known, or through the exercise of reasonable care or investigation could or 

might have been ascertained, to be false and/or misleading. 

91. At all times material hereto, Plaintiffs justifiably relied on the representations made by 

Defendants by continuing to attend crew drills, meetings, and otherwise continue to roam the 

vessel after the above representations were made and without being paid.

92. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ acts and/or omissions, as outlined above:

a. Plaintiffs suffered lost wages, income lost in the past, and lost employment 

opportunities.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment for all damages 

recoverable under the law against the Defendants and demand trial by jury.

COUNT VII – FALSE IMPRISONMENT

Plaintiffs re-allege, incorporate by reference, and adopt paragraphs one (1) through thirtyfive (35) above as though originally alleged herein.

93. Plaintiffs requested to disembark the vessels to obtain employment elsewhere and/or earn 

income and/or to be with their families during a worldwide pandemic.

94. Defendants purposefully and intentionally restrained Plaintiffs against their will on the 

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vessels and did not permit Plaintiffs to leave the vessels to go ashore.

95. Defendants falsely imprisoned Plaintiffs on the cruise ship and refused to repatriate and/or 

arrange for transportation because Defendants did not want to purchase commercial flights for 

Plaintiffs.

96. Defendants’ restrain of Plaintiffs was unlawful and unreasonable.

97. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ false imprisonment, as outlined above, 

Plaintiffs suffered pain and suffering, mental anguish. Plaintiffs also lost enjoyment of life,. 

Plaintiffs were also inconvenienced in the normal pursuits and pleasures of life and suffered from 

feelings of economic insecurity caused by the mental anguish. Plaintiffs also suffered lost wages, 

income lost in the past, and their working abilities and/or earning capacities have been impaired.

Further, Plaintiffs were deprived of being with their families for months, resulting in further mental 

anguish.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs and others similarly situated demand judgment for all damages 

recoverable under the law against the Defendants and demand trial by jury.

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Dated: September 11, 2020 Respectfully submitted,

By: /s/ Michael A. Winkleman

MICHAEL A. WINKLEMAN

Florida Bar No. 36719

mwinkleman@lipcon.com

DANIEL W. GRAMMES

Florida Bar No. 1010507

dgrammes@lipcon.com

ANDREW S. FREEDMAN

Florida Bar No. 091087

afreedman@lipcon.com

LIPCON, MARGULIES, 

ALSINA & WINKLEMAN, P.A.

One Biscayne Tower, Suite 1776

2 South Biscayne Boulevard

Miami, Florida 33131

Telephone No.: (305) 373-3016

Facsimile No.: (305) 373-6204

By: /s/ Adam M. Moskowitz

Adam Moskowitz, Esq. 

Florida Bar No. 984280 

adam@moskowitz-law.com

Howard M. Bushman, Esq. 

Florida Bar No. 0364230 

howard@moskowitz-law.com

THE MOSKOWITZ LAW FIRM, PLLC 

2 Alhambra Plaza 

Suite 601 

Coral Gables, FL 33134 

Telephone: (305) 740-1423

Attorneys for Plaintiff and the Class

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the forgoing was filed September 11, 2020, 

with the Court via CM/ECF system, which will send notification of such filing to all attorneys of 

record. 

By: /s/ Daniel W. Grammes______

DANIEL W. GRAMMES

Florida Bar No. 1010507

SERVICE LIST

Janicijevic v. Classica Cruise Operator, Ltd., et al.

Case No. 20-23223-CIV-BLOOM

Counsel for Defendant

Jeffrey E. Foreman

Florida Bar No. 240310

jforeman@fflegal.com

Catherine J. MacIvor

Florida Bar No. 932711

cmacivor@fflegal.com

FOREMAN FRIEDMAN, P.A.

One Biscayne Tower, Suite 2300

2 South Biscayne Blvd.

Miami, FL 33131

Telephone: (305) 358-6555

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