# Attachment 4_Horizontal Grid

Definitions for MM5 and CMAQ .pdfOTC Grid Definitions for MM5 and CMAQ

Model Columns

Dot

(nx) Rows

Dot

(ny) X-Origin

(km) Y-Origin

(km)

MM5 36-km 149 129 -2664 -2304

CMAQ 36-km 145 102 -2628 -1728

MM5 12-km 175 175 252 -900

CMAQ 12-km 172 172 264 -888

# Attachment 5_Vertical Layer Definitions

for MM5 and CMAQ .pdfOTC Vertical Layer Definition fo r MM5 Simulations and Approach For

Reducing CMAQ Layers By Collapsing Multiple MM5 Layers

MM5 CMAQ

Layer Sigma Pres(mb) Height(m) Depth(m) Layer Sigma Pres(mb) Height(m) Depth(m)

29 0.000 50 18600 2145 23 0.000 50 18600 4290

28 0.040 88.5 16450 2145

27 0.080 127.1 14300 1460 21 0.080 127.1 14300 2920

26 0.123 168.5 12800 1460

25 0.168 211.8 11400 1200 20 0.168 211.8 11400 2390

24 0.218 260.0 10200 1200

23 0.268 308.1 8990 934 19 0.268 308.1 8990 1870

22 0.318 356.3 8060 934

21 0.368 404.5 7120 772 18 0.368 404.5 7120 1540

20 0.418 452.6 6350 772

19 0.468 500.8 5580 662 17 0.468 500.8 5580 1320

18 0.518 549.0 4920 662

17 0.568 597.1 4250 581 16 0.568 597.1 4250 1160

16 0.618 645.3 3670 581

15 0.668 693.4 3090 532 15 0.668 693.4 3090 532

14 0.718 741.6 2560 455 14 0.781 741.6 2560 455

13 0.763 785.0 2110 388 13 0.763 785.0 2110 388

12 0.803 823.5 1720 337 12 0.803 823.5 1720 337

11 0.839 858.2 1380 290 11 0.839 858.2 1380 290

10 0.871 889.0 1090 247 10 0.871 889.0 1090 247

9 0.899 916.0 844 207 9 0.899 916.0 844 207

8 0.923 939.1 637 169 8 0.923 939.1 637 169

7 0.943 958.3 468 133 7 0.943 958.3 468 133

6 0.959 973.7 334 107 6 0.959 973.7 334 107

5 0.972 986.3 227 82 5 0.972 986.3 227 82

4 0.982 995.9 145 57 4 0.982 995.9 145 57

3 0.989 1002.6 89 40 3 0.989 1002.6 89 40

2 0.994 1007.5 48 27 2 0.994 1007.5 48 27

1 0.9974 1010.7 21 21 1 0.9974 1010.7 21 21

0 1.000 1013.24 0 0 0 1.000 1013.24 0 0

Note: Layer-top pressures assume a surface pressure of 1013.24 hPa.

Layer-top heights are determined by averaging MM5 (CMAQ)-calculated

layer-top heights over time (August 2002) and space (the entire 172x172

domain).

# Attachment 6_MM5 Meteorological

Model Configu ration .pdfOTC MM5 Meteorological Model Configuration

Science Options Configuration Details/Comments

Model Code MM5 Version 3.6

Horizontal Grid Mesh 36km/12km

36-km grid 149x129 cells

12-km grid 175x175 cells

Vertical Grid Mesh 29 layers

Grid Interaction No feedback Two-way nesting

Initialization Eta first guess fields/LittleR

Boundary Conditions Eta first guess fields/LittleR

Microphysics Simple Ice

Cumulus Scheme Kain-Fritsch 36km/12km grids

Planetary Boundary Layer High-resolution Blackadar PBL

Radiation Simple cooling

Vegetation Data USGS 24 Category Scheme

Land Surface Model Five-Layer Soil model

Shallow Convection None

Sea Surface Temperature Do not update SST

Thermal Roughness Default

Snow Cover Effects None

4D Data Assimilation Analysis Nudging: 36km/12km

Integration Time Step 75 seconds

Simulation Periods 2002

Platform Linux Cluster Done at UMD

# Attachment

7a_Hao2005_METDataAnalysis

- Hao .pdf1Meteorological Data AnalysisUrban, Regional Modeling and Analysis SectionDivision of Air ResourcesNew York State Department of EnvironmentalConservationNovember 16, 2005236km Domain (145x102x22)12km Domain (172x172x22)OTC Air Quality Modeling Domains3MM5 input and output files were received from UMDfor entire 2002 in 128 3.5-day chunks with 12-hour overlapping period between adjacent piecesEvaluation was limited to 12km air quality modelingdomain for 12km MM5 output files over the 5-month period of may to September 2002Surface observation datasets include NCARds472.0 (around 800 stations) and CASTNet data(around 50 stations)4METSTAT program from Environ was used toexamine surface wind speed and direction,temperature and humidityCorrelation coefficients were calculated for surfacewind speed, temperature and humidityWind speed correlation with TDL are ranging from 0.7 to 0.8Temperature correlation with TDL are .96 and betterHumidity correlation with TDL are ranging from 0.8 to 0.95678Monthly total of MM5 predicted precipitation wascompared with 1/8-degree CPC rain gaugeanalysisFor months of May and September 2002, MM5 is doing a fair jobcapturing the rainfall patternsFor months of June, July and August, the model is not doing wellin terms of pattern and amount, probably is related tosummertime convective activities9Obs May 2002 MM510Obs June 2002 MM511Obs July 2002 MM512Obs August 2002 MM513Obs September 2002 MM514MM5 cloud cover was compared qualitatively withUMD Surface Radiation Budget Groups’ productsThe observed cloud interpolatedfrom satellite base data of 0.5oby0.5oresolutionTotal cloud fraction estimated by MCIP from MM5 low, middleand high cloud fractionMM5 is doing a fair job to simulate cloud patterns for the timeperiods we examined15Observed and Simulated Cloud field on August 13, 200216Observed and Simulated Cloud Field on August 14, 200217Observed and Simulated Cloud Field on August 15, 200218MM5 vertical wind speed profiles were comparedqualitatively with wind profilers observations,using low level jets (LLJ) as an indicatorMM5 is doing a fair job capturing LLJ events192021August 15, 2002

# Attachment

7b_HeEtAl2005_2002AnnualEvalof12k

mMM5SurfParams4O .pdf1Evaluation of 2002 Annual 12km MM5Surface Parameters for OTC ModelingShan He and Gary KleimanNESCAUMAndWinston HaoNYDECReview of Application and Assessment of CMAQ in OTCAlbany, NYNovember 16, 20052Observation Network3WIND4WINTER Wind SpeedWind Speed - CASTNet01234567 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 19 20 21 22 2 3 2 4 2 5 26 27 28 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 33 34 35 3 6 3 7 3 8 39 40 41 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 52 53 54 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 59 335 336 3 3 7 3 3 8 3 39 3 40 341 342 343 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 46 347 348 349 350 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 53 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 59 360 361 362 363 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 19 20 21 22 2 3 2 4 2 5 26 27 28 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 33 34 35 3 6 3 7 3 8 39 40 41 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 52 53 54 55 5 6 5 7 5 8 59 335 336 337 3 3 8 3 3 9 3 40 341 342 343 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 46 347 348 349 350 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 53 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 59 360 361 362 363 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 12 13 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 18 19 20 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 25 26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 31 32 33 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 38 39 40 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 45 46 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 52 53 54 5 5 5 6 5 7 58 59 335 336 3 3 7 3 3 8 3 39 340 341 342 343 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 46 347 348 349 350 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 53 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 59 3 60 361 362 363 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDLWind Speed - CASTNet01234567 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4 7 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 335 336 33 7 33 8 3 3 9 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 35 3 35 4 3 5 5 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 7 2 8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 4 4 5 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 335 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 3 5 2 3 5 3 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 6 2 7 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 4 3 4 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 3 3 5 3 3 6 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 3 5 2 3 5 3 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDL5WINTER Wind Speed (II)RMSE Wind Speed - CASTNet0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 3 3 9 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Wind Speed - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 6 2 7 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 4 3 4 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 3 5 1

3 5 2 3 5 3 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365Julian DayCASTNetTDL6WINTER Wind DirectionWind Direction - CASTNet0306090120150180210240270300330360 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 57 58 59 335 336 337 338 339 340 34 1 34 2 34 3 34 4 34 5 34 6 34 7 34 8 34 9 35 0 35 1 3 52 3 53 3 54 3 55 3 56 3 57 3 58 3 59 3 60 3 61 3 62 3 63 3 64 3 65Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdWind Direction - TDL0306090120150180210240270300330360 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDLBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 6 2 7 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 4 3 4 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 3 3 5 3 3 6 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 3 5 2 3 5 3 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDL7SPRING Wind SpeedWind Speed - CASTNet012345678960 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678960 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDLWind Speed - CASTNet012345678960 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678960 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDL8SPRING Wind Speed (II)RMSE Wind Speed - CASTNet0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Wind Speed - TDL00.511.522.533.5460 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

m/sRMSEWndSpdRMSESWndSpRMSEUWndSpIOA Wind Speed00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9160 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Wind Speed00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9160 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian DayCASTNetTDL9SPRING Wind DirectionWind Direction - CASTNet030609012015018021024027030033036060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdWind Direction - TDL030609012015018021024027030033036060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-10010203040506060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDLBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-10010203040506060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDL10SUMMER Wind SpeedWind Speed - CASTNet01234567152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL01234567152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDLWind Speed - CASTNet01234567152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL01234567152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDL11SUMMER Wind Speed (II)RMSE Wind Speed - CASTNet0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Wind Speed - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian DayCASTNetTDL12SUMMER Wind DirectionWind Direction - CASTNet0306090120150180210240270300330360152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdWind Direction - TDL0306090120150180210240270300330360152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDLBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDL13FALL Wind SpeedWind Speed - CASTNet01234567243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDLWind Speed - CASTNet01234567243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sObsPrdWind Speed - TDL012345678243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sObsPrdBias Wind Speed-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sCASTNetTDL14FALL Wind Speed (II)RMSE Wind Speed - CASTNet0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Wind Speed - TDL00.511.522.53243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

m/sRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Wind Speed0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian DayCASTNetTDL15FALL Wind DirectionWind Direction - CASTNet0306090120150180210240270300330360243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdWind Direction - TDL0306090120150180210240270300330360243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

DegreeObsPrdBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDLBias Wind Direction-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

DegreeCASTNetTDL16WIND• MM5 tends to overestimate windspeed at CASTNet sites, andunderestimate windspeed at TDLsites• Mean bias of MM5 wind speed toCASTNet wind speed is ~0.3 to0.4m/s, while mean bias of MM5wind speed to TDL wind speed isabout ~-0.5to -0.6m/s• MM5 wind speed shows similarIOA (~0.7 to 0.8) for bothCASTnet data and TDL data• MM5 wind direction shows largervariation to CASTNet winddirection than to TDL winddirection• However, mean bias of MM5 winddirection to CASTNet winddirection is smaller than meanbias of MM5 wind direction toTDL wind directionMax Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min MeanCASTNET 1.16 -0.42 0.34 0.88 0.52 0.73 23.98 -22.55 2.54TDL 0.11 -1.40 -0.53 0.90 0.55 0.74 11.42 -5.81 3.12CASTNET 1.42 -0.61 0.31 0.92 0.47 0.75 18.55 -20.29 0.88TDL 0.17 -1.51 -0.56 0.90 0.55 0.79 8.98 -2.80 3.31CASTNET 1.70 -0.79 0.31 0.89 0.22 0.70 26.54 -20.04 1.93TDL 0.21 -1.85 -0.59 0.91 0.53 0.76 38.45 -6.45 3.48CASTNET 1.37 -0.76 0.38 0.89 0.42 0.73 32.74 -21.19 2.49TDL 0.04 -1.33 -0.55 0.92 0.58 0.77 12.80 -4.59 3.61CASTNET 1.60 -0.76 0.44 0.88 0.33 0.69 29.64 -20.58 2.33TDL -0.04 -1.19 -0.52 0.91 0.54 0.74 11.25 -4.80 3.53CASTNET 1.25 -0.63 0.28 0.87 0.41 0.69 30.65 -26.33 3.33TDL -0.07 -1.11 -0.56 0.89 0.50 0.73 11.15 -3.65 3.89CASTNET 1.26 -0.58 0.31 0.87 0.34 0.66 29.26 -33.34 1.44TDL -0.14 -1.01 -0.58 0.86 0.38 0.68 12.30 -3.84 3.62CASTNET 1.65 -0.87 0.24 0.95 0.16 0.65 31.83 -26.96 2.34TDL -0.02 -1.22 -0.61 0.88 0.38 0.67 11.76 -4.67 2.74CASTNET 1.47 -0.75 0.30 0.87 0.39 0.67 30.95 -32.73 3.01TDL -0.09 -1.09 -0.54 0.88 0.48 0.72 11.54 -4.19 3.31CASTNET 1.32 -0.72 0.32 0.89 0.50 0.72 35.10 -28.90 1.39TDL -0.10 -1.05 -0.56 0.88 0.51 0.74 10.82 -4.09 2.81CASTNET 1.39 -0.86 0.37 0.97 0.38 0.74 25.62 -17.68 2.35TDL 0.02 -1.29 -0.57 0.88 0.49 0.75 9.30 -3.58 2.28CASTNET 1.31 -0.53 0.39 0.92 0.43 0.74 30.70 -18.60 2.69TDL -0.08 -1.17 -0.59 0.89 0.60 0.76 10.08 -5.47 3.41OCTNOVDECJUNJULAUGSEPFEBMARAPRMAYJANBias IOA BiasWind Speed Wind Direction2002 Network17TEMPERATURE18WINTER TemperatureSurface Temperature - CASTNet245250255260265270275280285290 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL250255260265270275280285290 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 57 58 59 335 336 337 338 339 340 34 1 34 2 34 3 34 4 34 5 34 6 34 7 34 8 34 9 35 0 35 1 3 52 3 53 3 54 3 55 3 56 3 57 3 58 3 59 3 60 3 61 3 62 3 63 3 64 3 65Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-5-4-3-2-1012345 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

KCASTNetTDLSurface Temperature - CASTNet245250255260265270275280285290 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 1 4 15 16 17 1 8 1 9 20 21 22 23 2 4 2 5 26 27 28 2 9 3 0 31 32 33 34 3 5 36 37 38 39 4 0 4 1 42 43 44 4 5 4 6 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 335 336 3 3 7 33 8 339 340 341 3 4 2 343 3 4 4 345 346 3 4 7 3 4 8 3 4 9 350 351 352 3 5 3 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 359 3 6 0 361 362 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL250255260265270275280285290 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2 4 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 1 42 43 44 45 46 4 7 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 3 3 5 336 33 7 3 3 8 339 3 4 0 341 342 34 3 344 345 346 347 34 8 349 350 3 5 1 352 3 5 3 35 4 355 3 5 6 357 358 3 5 9 36 0 361 362 363 364 3 6 5Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-5-4-3-2-1012345 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 3 7 38 39 40 41 4 2 4 3 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 50 51 52 53 54 5 5 56 57 58 59 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 3 4 6 347 348 349 350 351 3 52 353 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 3 59 360 361 362 363 3 64 365Julian Day

KCASTNetTDL19WINTER Temperature (II)RMSE Surface Temperature - CASTNet0123456789101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Surface Temperature - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 1 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 2 23 24 25 26 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 3 3 34 3 5 36 37 38 3 9 40 41 42 43 44 4 5 4 6 47 48 49 50 5 1 5 2 5 3 54 55 5 6 5 7 58 59 3 3 5 336 337 338 3 3 9 3 4 0 341 342 343 34 4 34 5 3 4 6 347 348 349 35 0 3 5 1

3 5 2 3 5 3 35 4 355 356 3 5 7 358 359 360 361 36 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 365Julian DayCASTNetTDL20SPRING TemperatureSurface Temperature - CASTNet26026527027528028529029530030560 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL26026527027528028529029530030560 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-5-4-3-2-101234567860 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KCASTNetTDLSurface Temperature - CASTNet26026527027528028529029530030560 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL26026527027528028529029530030560 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-5-4-3-2-101234567860 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KCASTNetTDL21SPRING Temperature (II)RMSE Surface Temperature - CASTNet0123456789101160 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Surface Temperature - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian DayCASTNetTDL22SUMMER TemperatureSurface Temperature - CASTNet280285290295300305310152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL280285290295300305310152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678910152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KCASTNetTDLBias Surface Temperature-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678910152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KCASTNetTDL23SUMMER Temperature (II)RMSE Surface Temperature - CASTNet0123456789152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Surface Temperature - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Surface Temperature0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian DayCASTNetTDL24FALL TemperatureSurface Temperature - CASTNet260265270275280285290295300305310243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL260265270275280285290295300305310243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KCASTNetTDLSurface Temperature - CASTNet260265270275280285290295300305310243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KObsPrdSurface Temperature - TDL260265270275280285290295300305310243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KObsPrdBias Surface Temperature-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KCASTNetTDL25FALL Temperature (II)RMSE Surface Temperature - CASTNet0123456789243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEURMSE Surface Temperature - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

KRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Surface Temperature00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian DayCASTNetTDLIOA Surface Temperature00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian DayCASTNetTDL26TEMPERATURE• MM5 tends to underestimatetemperature at TDL sites all year, andat CASTNet sites for seasons otherthan 5month summer• MM5 performs better on temperaturefor Summer than for Winter• Unsystematic RMSE dominatesRMSE at TDL sites consistently, whileat CASTNet sites, RMSEU weightssimilar as RMSES• MM5 shows good IOA at TDL sites(~0.9), better thanat CASTNet sites(~0.8)Max Min Mean Max Min MeanCASTNET 2.81 -3.59 -1.25 0.99 0.61 0.88TDL 0.94 -2.73 -1.18 1.00 0.78 0.94CASTNET 3.12 -3.77 -0.65 0.98 0.52 0.81TDL 0.79 -2.64 -1.00 0.99 0.81 0.96CASTNET 3.31 -4.39 -0.35 0.98 0.64 0.83TDL 0.81 -2.65 -0.72 1.00 0.86 0.97CASTNET 3.52 -2.97 -0.52 0.98 0.65 0.90TDL 1.13 -2.06 -0.48 0.99 0.84 0.97CASTNET 7.02 -2.83 0.67 0.99 0.51 0.87TDL 1.27 -1.88 -0.18 0.99 0.86 0.96CASTNET 7.13 -2.23 1.03 0.98 0.46 0.85TDL 0.98 -1.21 -0.12 0.99 0.85 0.95CASTNET 4.70 -2.40 0.34 0.97 0.60 0.85TDL 0.74 -1.38 -0.34 0.98 0.75 0.92CASTNET 9.03 -2.59 0.32 0.99 0.62 0.86TDL 0.53 -1.28 -0.42 0.99 0.79 0.93CASTNET 5.72 -2.37 0.76 0.97 0.52 0.86TDL 0.34 -1.57 -0.54 0.99 0.76 0.94CASTNET 5.17 -3.39 -0.56 0.99 0.55 0.89TDL 0.29 -2.39 -0.79 0.99 0.86 0.97CASTNET 2.83 -4.29 -1.25 0.99 0.58 0.88TDL 0.25 -2.99 -1.35 0.99 0.82 0.95CASTNET 1.98 -3.76 -1.17 0.98 0.52 0.88TDL 0.29 -2.55 -1.20 0.99 0.80 0.94SEPOCTNOVDECMAYJUNJULAUGJANFEBMARAPRBias IOANetworkTemperature200227HUMIDITY28WINTER HumidityHumidity - TDL012345678 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

g/kgObsPrdBias Humidity - TDL-1.0-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

g/kgRMSE Humidity - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day

g/kgRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Humidity TDL00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 3 5 7 3 5 8 3 5 9 3 6 0 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5Julian Day29SPRING HumidityHumidity - TDL024681012141660 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

g/kgObsPrdBias Humidity - TDL-2-10123460 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

g/kgRMSE Humidity - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.560 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day

g/kgRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Humidity -TDL0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.060 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152Julian Day30SUMMER HumidityHumidity - TDL024681012141618152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

g/kgObsPrdBias Humidity - TDL-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.53.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

g/kgRMSE Humidity - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day

g/kgRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Humidity - TDL0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244Julian Day31FALL HumidityHumidity - TDL0123456789101112131415243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

g/kgObsPrdBias Humidity - TDL-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

g/kgRMSE Humidity - TDL0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day

g/kgRMSERMSESRMSEUIOA Humidity - TDL0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0243 247 251 255 259 263 267 271 275 279 283 287 291 295 299 303 307 311 315 319 323 327 331 335Julian Day32HUMIDITY• MM5 captures general trend ofhumidity change• MM5 tends to overestimatehumidity in Winter, Spring, and Fall,but underestimate humidity in 5month Summer• MM5 often shows larger diurnalvariations than observation• Unsystematic RMSE dominatesRMSE• MM5 shows good IOA (~0.9) allyearMax Min Mean Max Min MeanJAN TDL -0.24 -1.54 0.45 0.99 0.60 0.89FEB TDL 1.51 -0.07 0.48 0.99 0.54 0.87MAR TDL 1.73 -0.10 0.52 0.99 0.47 0.91APR TDL 3.48 -0.82 0.52 0.99 0.44 0.91MAY TDL 0.92 -1.67 -0.02 0.99 0.48 0.91JUN TDL 1.00 -2.27 -0.33 0.98 0.67 0.88JUL TDL 0.87 -2.32 -0.55 0.97 0.57 0.86AUG TDL 0.92 -2.17 -0.23 0.97 0.58 0.86SEP TDL 1.64 -1.39 0.03 0.98 0.66 0.91OCT TDL 0.97 -0.67 0.15 0.99 0.80 0.96NOV TDL 1.51 -0.17 0.34 0.99 0.56 0.92DEC TDL 0.95 -0.17 0.34 0.99 0.54 0.91HumidityBias IOA2002 Network

# Attachment

7c_ZhangandZhang2005_MM5report

2002data .pdf1 N u m e r i c al E xp e r i m e n t al A n al ys i s D at a f or t h e Y e ar of 2002

D a

- L i n Z ha ng a nd S hun l i Z ha ng

D e pa r t m e nt of A t m os phe r i c a nd O c e a ni c S c i e nc e

, U ni ve r s i t y of M a r yl a nd

C ol l e ge P a r k, M D 20742

T e l

. ( 301) 405

- 2018; E m a i l : da l i n@ a t m os

. um d

. e du

1. I n t r od u c t i on

A t ot a l of 128 num e r i c a l e xpe r i m e nt s

, i n 3

- da y s e gm e nt s

, f or t he ye a r of 2002 ( i

. e

. , f r om 0000 U T C 14 D e c e m be r 2001 t o 0000 U T C 1 J a nua r y 2003) ha ve be e n c onduc t e d

on our ne w l y pur c ha s e d C l us t e r us i ng t he ne s t e d

- gr i d ( 36/ 12 k m ) V e r s i on 3. 6 o f t he

P S U / N C A R m e s o s c a l e m ode l ( i

. e

. , M M 5)

. T h e N C E P ’ s E t a a na l ys i s w i t h 40

- km

r e s ol ut i on w a s u s e d t o i ni t i a l i z e t he m ode l i nt e gr a t i ons a nd s pe c i f y t he out m os t l a t e r a l

bounda r y c ondi t i ons

. T o m i ni m i z e t he i n f l ue nc e of m ode l e r r or s but r e t a i n a s m a ny

m e s os c a l e c i r c ul a t i ons a s pos s i b l e

, t he dyna m i c a l nudgi ng or f ou r

- di m e ns i ona l da t a

a s s i m i l a t i on ( F D D A ) t e c hni que w a s a dopt e d t o i n c l ude obs e r va t i ons of t he s ur f a c e w i nds

a nd uppe r

- l e ve l m e t e or ol ogi c a l i nf o r m a t i on. M or e a t t e nt i on w a s pa i d t o t he a c c ur a c y of

s ur f a c e w i nds due t o t he i r i m po r t a nt r ol e s i n oz one t r a ns por t

. T he m ode l i nt e gr a t i ons

w e r e r e

- i ni t i a l i z e d e ve r y 3

. 5 da ys

, a l l ow i ng a 12

- h pe r i od f or t he m ode l s pi n

- up ( i

. e

. , t he

f i r s t 12

- h da t a c oul d be t r unc a t e d i n t he a ppl i c a t i on of t he da t a s e t s )

. H our l y m ode l

out put s w e r e a r c hi ve d f o r t he pe r i od of 12. 5 m ont hs

. T hi s f our

- di m e ns i ona l hi gh

r e s ol ut i on ( i n t i m e a nd s pa c e ) a na l ys i s da t a s e t s o a s s i m i l a t e d w a s ge ne r a t e d f or a i r qua l i t y

m ode l i ng a nd f o r r e gi ona l ha z e s t udi e s

. T he s e i nt e gr a t i ons yi e l de d a t ot a l o f 830 G byt e s

a na l ys i s da t a

.

2. M od e l d e s c r i p t i on

T he V e r s i on 3. 6 of M M 5 w i t h a L a m be r t c onf or m a l m a p pr oj e c t i on

, a n M P P

V e r s i on de ve l ope d f or c l u s t e r s

, w a s us e d f or t hi s pr oj e c t

. T he ( x, y) di m e ns i ons of t he

c oa r s e ( 36 km ) a nd f i ne ( 12 km ) m e s h dom a i ns a r e 149 x 129 a nd 175 x 175,

r e s p e c t i ve l y. T he ve r t i c a l di s c r e t i on us e s t e r r a i n

- f o l l ow i ng σ

- c oor di na t e s

, but t he pr e s s ur e

a t t he σ

- l e ve l s a r e de t e r m i ne d f r om a r e f e r e n c e s t a t e t ha t i s e s t i m a t e d us i ng t h e

hydr os t a t i c e qua t i on f r om a gi ve n s e a

- l e ve l pr e s s ur e a nd t e m pe r a t ur e w i t h a s t a nda r d

l a

ps e r a t e

. T he r e a r e 30 une ve n σ l e v e l s

, gi vi ng 29 l a ye r s

, w i t h hi ghe r r e s ol ut i on i n t he

pl a ne t a r y bounda r y l a ye r ( P B L )

. T he σ l e ve l s a r e p l a c e d a t t he f ol l ow i ng va l ue s :

1. 000, 0

. 9974, 0. 994

, 0

. 989, 0. 9820

, 0

. 972, 0

. 9 59, 0. 943

, 0

. 923, 0. 8990

, 0. 871, 0. 839

, 0. 803

, 0. 763, 0

. 718, 0. 668

, 0. 618

, 0. 568, 0. 518

, 0. 468

, 0. 418,

0. 368, 0. 318

, 0

. 268, 0. 218

, 0

. 168, 0. 123

, 0

. 080, 0. 040, 0

. 00

T he s ur f a c e l a ye r i s de f i ne d a t a n a l t i t ude of a bout 10 m

, t he l e ve l a t w hi c h s ur f a c e w i nd s

a r e t ypi c a l l y obs e r ve d. T he m ode l t op i s s e t a t 5 0 hP a w i t h a r a di a t i ve upp e r bounda r y

c ondi t i on. T he t i m e s t e ps f or t he 36 km a nd 12 km r e s ol ut i on dom a i ns a r e 75 a nd 25

s e c onds

, r e s pe c t i ve l y.

F i gs

. 1 a nd 2 s how t he ne s t e d

- gr i d ( 36 / 12 km ) d om a i n a nd t he f i ne

- m e s h dom a i n,

r e s pe c t i ve l y, t ha t w e r e us e d f or t hi s pr oj e c t

.

D om a i n 1 i s c e nt e r e d a t 40 0 N l a t i t ude a nd 97 0 W l ongi t ude w i t h a gr i d s i z e of 36

km

, a nd i t c ove r s t h e U

. S

. c ont i ne nt s

, M e xi c o, C a na da

, t he G ul f of M e xi c o, a nd pa r t of

t he E a s t P a c i f i c a nd W e s t A t l a nt i c oc e a ns

.2 Fi g

. 1 T h e co a rs e

- mes h (3 6 k m ) d o mai n

. Fi g

. 2 T h e fi n e

- mes h (1 2

- k m) d o m ai n

.

D om a i n 2 us e s a gr i d s i z e of 12 km

, a nd i t c ov e r s t he nor t he a s t e r n, c e nt r a l a nd

s out he a s t e r n U S a s w e l l a s S out he a s t e r n C a na da

.

T he i m por t a nt m ode l phys i c s of t he M M 5 us e d f or t hi s pr oj e c t i nc l ude :

( i ) T he l a t e s t ve r s i on of t he K a i n

- F r i t s c h ( 1993) c onve c t i ve s c he m e w a s us e d f or

bot h 36

- a nd 12

- km r e s ol ut i on dom a i ns ;

( i i ) A n e xpl i c i t m oi s t ur e s c he m e ( w i t hout t he m i xe d pha s e ) c ont a i ni ng pr ognos t i c

e qua t i ons f or c l oud w a t e r ( i c e ) a nd r a i nw a t e r ( s no w ) ( D udhi a 1989 ; Z ha ng 1989) ;

( i i i ) A m odi f i e d ve r s i on o f t he B l a c ka da r pl a ne t a r y bounda r y l a ye r ( P B L ) s c he m e ( Z ha ng a nd A nt he s 1982; Z ha ng a nd Z he ng 2004) ;

( i v) A s i m pl e r a di a t i ve c ool i ng s c he m e ( G r e l l e t a l

. 1997) ;

( v) A m ul t i

- l a ye r s oi l m ode l t o pr e di c t l a nd s ur f a c e t e m p e r a t ur e s us i ng t he s ur f a c e

e ne r gy budge t e qua t i on ( D udhi a 1996)

.

N ot e t ha t t he B l a c k a da r P B L s c he m e ha s b e e n m odi f i e d i n or de r t o r e pr oduc e t he

di ur na l c yc l e s of s ur f a c e w i nds a nd t e m pe r a t ur e s

, a f t e r pe r f or m i ng a c om pa r a t i ve s t udy

of t he f ol l ow i ng f i ve di f f

e r e nt P B L s c he m e s : t he G a yno

- S e a m a n T K E s c he m e ( S ha f r a n e t

a l

. 2000 )

, B ur k

- T hom ps on ( 1989 )

, B l a c ka da r ( Z ha ng a nd A nt he s 1982)

, M R F ( H ong a nd

P a n 1996)

, a nd M i l l e r

- Y a m a da

- J a j i ć ( M i l l e r a nd Y a m a da 1974; J a j i ć 1990, 1994 )

. T he s e

c ha nge s a r e gi ve n a s f ol l ow s ( s e e Z ha ng a nd Z he n g 2004 f o r m o r e de t a i l ) :

• K

- c oe f f i c i e nt i s de t e r m i ne d by t he R i c ha r ds on num be r a c c or di ng t o Z ha ng a nd

A nt he s ( 1982)

, w he r e t he c r i t i c a l R i c ha r ds on nu m b e r i s s e t t o be 0. 25. I n a ddi t i on, t he

m i xi ng l e ngt h i s s e t t o be t he t hi c kne s s of t he m od e l l a ye r

.

• U s e of pot e nt i a l t e m pe r a t ur e r a t he r t ha n vi r t ua l pot e nt i a l t e m pe r a t ur e t o c a l c ul a t e

t he bul k R i c ha r ds on num be r R b.

3. N u d gi n g P r oc e s s e s

T he M M 5 pr ovi de s opt i on s f or nudgi ng obs e r va t i ons f or e a c h dom a i n dur i ng t he

c our s e of m ode l i nt e gr a t i on ( S t a uf f

e r a nd S e a m a n 1990; S t a uf f

e r e t a l

. 1991 )

. T he E t a3 a na l ys e s of uppe r

- a i r w i nds

, t e m pe r a t ur e a nd w a t e r

- va por m i xi ng r a t i o a s w e l l a s t he i r

a s s oc i a t e d s ur f a c e f i e l ds

, w e r e nudg e d e ve r y 6 h our s

, a nd t he hi ghe r

- r e s ol ut i on s ur f a c e

w i nd f i e l d w a s nudge d e ve r y 3 hour s

. W hi l e onl y t he s ur f a c e w i nds w e r e nudge d, t he i r

i nf l ue nc e s c oul d be e xt e nde d i nt o t he P B L ( s e e S t a uf f

e r e t a l

. 1991)

.

B a s e d on our pr e vi ous e xpe r i e nc e w i t h m a ny num e r i c a l e xpe r i m e nt s

, t he f ol l ow i ng nudgi ng c oe f f i c i e nt s ha ve be e n us e d:

• U ppe r

- a i r w i nd f i e l ds : 5. 0 E

- 4 f or D om a i n 1

, a nd 2. 5E

- 4 f o r D om a i n 2 ;

• U ppe r

- a i r t e m pe r a t ur e f i e l ds : 1

. 0E

- 5 f o r bot h D o m a i ns ;

• S ur f a c e w i nds : 5. 0E

- 4 f or D om a i n 1, a nd 2

. 5E

- 4 f or D om a i n 2; a nd

• S ur f a c e t e m pe r a t ur e a nd m oi s t ur e : not nudge d d ue t o i ns t a bi l i t y c ons i de r a t i on

.

4. M od e l i n i t i al i z at i on

T he m ode l i s i ni t i a l i z e d w i t h N C E P 's E t a m ode l a na l ys i s ( ds 609. 2) a s a f i r s t gue s s

t ha t i s t he n e nha nc e d by obs e r va t i ons a t uppe r l e ve l s a nd t he s ur f a c e

.

( i ) N C E P ’ s A D P gl oba l uppe r

- a i r obs e r va t i ons ( N C A R a r c hi ve ds 353. 4) a r e us e d t o

f ur t he r e nha nc e t he uppe r

- l e ve l E t a a na l ys i s

.

( i i ) T he f ol l ow i ng t w o s e t s of s ur f a c e obs e r va t i o ns ha ve be e n i nt r oduc e d i nt o t he

m ode l i ni t i a l s t a t e t o i m p r ove t he E t a a na l ys i s of s ur f a c e w i nd f i e l ds :

• T he N C E P ’ s A D P gl oba l s ur f a c e w i nd obs e r v a t i ons ( N C A R a r c hi ve d s 464. 0) :

T hi s da t a s e t pr ovi de s 6

- hour l y s ur f a c e obs e r va t i o ns ove r l a nd ( i

. e

. , a t 0000

, 0600, 1200

, 1800 U T C ) i n one s t r e a m

, a nd 3

- hou r l y ( i

. e

. , a t 0 300, 0900, 1500

, 2100 U T C ) ove r bot h

l a nd a nd oc e a n s ur f a c e s i n a not he r s t r e a m

.

• T he T D L ’ s U

. S

. a nd C a na di a n s ur f a c e obs e r va t i ons ( N C A R a r c hi ve ds 472. 0) : T hi s

da t a s e t pr ovi de s hour l y s ur f a c e obs e r va t i ons ove r t he U

. S

. a nd C a na di a n r e gi ons

.

T he E t a m ode l a na l ys i s ha s a dom a i n c ove r i ng t he e nt i r e U

. S

. c ont i ne nt s w i t h a 40

-

km hor i z ont a l r e s ol ut i on. I t i nc l ude s t he f ol l ow i ng t ype s of obs e r va t i ons :

• R a w i ns onde m a s s a nd w i nd;

• P i ba l l w i nds ;

• D r opw i nds onde s ;

• W i nd pr of i l e s ;

• S ur f a c e l a nd t e m pe r a t u r e a nd m o i s t ur e ;

• O c e a ni c s ur f a c e da t a ( s hi p a nd buoys ) ;

• A i r c r a f t w i nds ;

• S a t e l l i t e c l oud

- dr i f t w i nds ;

• O c e a ni c T O V S t hi c kne s s r e t r i e va l s ;

• G O E S a nd S S M / I p r e c i pi t a bl e w a t e r r e t r i e va l s

.

T he C r e s s m a n obj e c t i ve a na l ys i s opt i on w a s u s e d t o e nha nc e t he E t a a na l ys i s

. H ow e ve r

, w e a na l yz e d t he r e s ul t s a nd f ound t ha t i t s t i l l c oul d not r e pr oduc e t he r i ght

di ur na l c yc l e of s ur f a c e w i nds a nd t e m pe r a t ur e s

. T hus

, w e r e pe a t e d t he C r e s s m a n

pr oc e dur e s t hr e e m or e t i m e s t o e nha nc e t he s ur f a c e a na l ys e s

. R e s ul t s i ndi c a t e t ha t t hi s

pr oc e dur e s i g ni f i c a nt l y i m p r ove d t he r e s ul t s

.4 N ot e t ha t ( i ) be c a us e of t he i ni t i a l m ode l s pi n

- up, w e r e c om m e nd t ha t t he f i r s t 12

- h

m ode l i nt e gr a t i on of e a c h r un be di s c a r de d; a nd ( i i ) be c a us e t he s ynopt i c

- s c a l e uppe r

- a i r

w i nds a nd t e m pe r a t ur e s w e r e nudge d, t he f l ow f i e l ds a bove t he P B L m i ght c ont a i n l e s s

s m a l l e r

- s c a l e f e a t ur e s ( e

. g.

, i n l ow

- l e ve l j e t s

, m oun t a i n

- f or c e d pe r t u r ba t i ons a nd e t c

. )

.

5. D at a A r c h i ve

A s m e nt i one d a bove

, w e ha ve c onduc t e d a t ot a l of 128 e xpe r i m e nt s

, i n 3

- da y

s e gm e nt s

, f r om 0000 U T C 14 D e c e m be r 2 001 t o 0000 U T C 1 J a nua r y 2003. T he

f

ol l ow i ng t a bl e l i s t s t he e xpe r i m e nt s a nd t he i r c or r e s pondi ng i nt e gr a t i on pe r i ods :

E xp. # P e r i od E xp. # P e r i od

1 00/ 15/ 12

- 00/ 18/ 12*01 2 00/ 18/ 12

- 12/ 21/ 12*01

3 00/ 21/ 12

- 00/ 24/ 12*01 4 00/ 24/ 12

- 00/ 27/ 12*01

5 00/ 27/ 12

- 00 / 30/ 12*01 6 00/ 30/ 12

- 00/ 02/ 01*02

7 00/ 02/ 01

- 00/ 05/ 01*02 8 00/ 05/ 01

- 00/ 08/ 01*02

9 00/ 08/ 01

- 00/ 11/ 01*02 10 00/ 11/ 01

- 00/ 14/ 01*02

11 00/ 14/ 01

- 00/ 17/ 01*02 12 00/ 17/ 01

- 00/ 20/ 01*02

13 00/ 20/ 01

- 00/ 23/ 01*02 14 00/ 23/ 01

- 00/ 26/ 01*02

15 00/ 26/ 01

- 00/ 29/ 01*02 16 00 / 29/ 01

- 00/ 01/ 02*02

17 00/ 01/ 02

- 00/ 04/ 02*02 18 00/ 04/ 02

- 00/ 07/ 02*02

E xp. # P e r i od E xp. # P e r i od

19 00/ 07/ 02

- 00/ 10/ 02*02 20 00/ 10/ 02

- 00/ 13/ 02*02

21 00/ 13/ 02

- 00/ 16/ 02*02 22 00/ 16/ 02

- 00/ 19/ 02*02

23 00/ 19/ 02

- 00/ 22/ 02*02 24 00/ 22/ 02

- 00/ 25/ 02*02

25 00/ 25/ 02

- 00/ 28/ 02*02 26 00/ 28/ 02

- 00/ 03/ 03*02

27 00/ 03/ 03

- 00/ 06/ 03*02 28 00/ 06/ 03

- 00/ 09/ 03*02

29 00/ 09/ 03

- 00/ 12/ 03*02 30 00/ 12/ 03

- 00/ 15/ 03*02

31 00/ 15/ 03

- 00/ 18/ 03*02 32 00/ 18/ 03

- 00/ 21/ 03*02

33 00/ 21/ 03

- 00/ 24/ 03*02 34 00/ 24/ 03

- 00/ 27/ 03*02

35 00/ 27/ 03

- 00/ 30/ 03*0 2 36 00/ 30/ 03

- 00/ 02/ 04*02

37 00/ 02/ 04

- 00/ 05/ 04*02 38 00/ 05/ 04

- 00/ 08/ 04*02

39 00/ 08/ 04

- 00/ 11/ 04*02 40 00/ 11/ 04

- 00/ 14/ 04*02

41 00/ 14/ 04

- 00/ 17/ 04*02 42 00/ 17/ 04

- 00/ 20/ 04*02

43 00/ 20/ 04

- 00/ 23/ 04*02 44 00/ 23/ 04

- 00/ 26/ 04*02

45 00/ 26/ 04

- 00/ 29/ 04*02 46 00/ 29/ 04

- 00/ 02/ 05*02

47 00/ 01/ 05

- 00/ 04/ 05*02 48 00/ 04/ 05

- 00/ 07/ 05*02

49 00/ 07/ 05

- 00/ 10/ 05*02 50 00/ 10/ 05

- 00/ 13/ 05*02

51 00/ 13/ 05

- 00/ 16/ 05*02 52 00/ 16/ 05

- 00/ 19/ 05*02

53 00/ 19/ 05

- 00/ 22/ 05*02 54 00/ 22/ 05

- 00/ 25/ 05*02

55 00/ 25/ 05

- 00/ 28/ 05*02 56 00/ 28/ 05

- 00/ 31/ 05 *02

57 00/ 31/ 05

- 00/ 03/ 06*02 58 00/ 03/ 06

- 00/ 06/ 06*02

59 00/ 06/ 06

- 00/ 09/ 06*02 60 00/ 09/ 06

- 00/ 12/ 06*02

61 00/ 12/ 06

- 00/ 15/ 06*02 62 00/ 15/ 06

- 00/ 18/ 06*02

63 00/ 18/ 06

- 00/ 21/ 06*02 64 00/ 21/ 06

- 00/ 24/ 06*02

65 00/ 24/ 06

- 00/ 27/ 06*02 66 00/ 27/ 06

- 00/ 30/ 06*025 67 00/ 30/ 06

- 00/ 03/ 07*02 68 00/ 03/ 07

- 00/ 06/ 07*02

69 00/ 06/ 07

- 00/ 09/ 07*02 70 00/ 09/ 07

- 00/ 12/ 07*02

71 00/ 12/ 07

- 00/ 15/ 07*02 72 00/ 15/ 07

- 00/ 18/ 07*02

73 00/ 18/ 07

- 00/ 21/ 07*02 74 00/ 21/ 07

- 00/ 24/ 07*02

75 00/ 24/ 07

- 00/ 27/ 07*02 76 00/ 27/ 07

- 00/ 30/ 07*02

77 00/ 30/ 07

- 00/ 02 / 08*02 78 00/ 02/ 08

- 00/ 05/ 08*02

79 00/ 05/ 08

- 00/ 08/ 08*02 80 00/ 08/ 08

- 00/ 11/ 08*02

81 00/ 11/ 08

- 00/ 14/ 08*02 82 00/ 14/ 08

- 00/ 17/ 08*02

83 00/ 17/ 08

- 00/ 20/ 08*02 84 00/ 20/ 08

- 00/ 23/ 08*02

85 00/ 23/ 08

- 00/ 26/ 08*02 86 00/ 26/ 08

- 00/ 29/ 08*02

87 00/ 29/ 08

- 00/ 01/ 09*02 88 0 0/ 01/ 08

- 00/ 04/ 09*02

89 00/ 04/ 09

- 00/ 07/ 09*02 90 00/ 07/ 09

- 00/ 10/ 09*02

91 00/ 10/ 09

- 00/ 13/ 09*02 92 00/ 13/ 09

- 00/ 16/ 09*02

93 00/ 16/ 09

- 00/ 19/ 09*02 94 00/ 19/ 09

- 00/ 22/ 09*02

95 00/ 22/ 09

- 00/ 25/ 09*02 96 00/ 25/ 09

- 00/ 28/ 09*02

97 00/ 28/ 09

- 00/ 01/ 10*02 98 00/ 01/ 10

- 00/ 04/ 10*02

99 00/ 04/ 10

- 00/ 07/ 10*02 100 00/ 07/ 10

- 00/ 10/ 10*02

101 00/ 10/ 10

- 00/ 13/ 10*02 102 00/ 13/ 10

- 00/ 16/ 10*02

103 00/ 16/ 10

- 00/ 19/ 10*02 104 00/ 19/ 10

- 00/ 22/ 10*02

E xp. # P e r i od E xp. # P e r i od

105 00/ 22/ 10

- 00/ 25/ 10*02 106 00/ 25/ 10

- 00/ 28/ 10*02

107 00/ 28/ 10

- 00/ 31/ 10*02 108 00/ 31/ 10

- 00/ 03/ 11*02

109 00/ 03/ 11

- 00/ 06/ 11*02 110 00/ 06/ 11

- 00/ 09/ 11*02

111 00/ 09/ 11

- 00/ 12/ 11*02 112 00/ 12/ 11

- 00/ 15/ 11*02

113 00/ 15/ 11

- 00/ 18/ 11*02 114 00/ 18/ 11

- 00/ 21/ 11*02

115 00/ 21/ 11

- 00/ 24/ 11*02 116 00/ 24/ 11

- 00/ 27/ 11*02

117 00/ 27/ 11

- 0 0/ 30/ 11*02 118 00/ 30/ 11

- 00/ 03/ 12*02

119 00/ 03/ 12

- 00/ 06/ 12*02 120 00/ 06/ 12

- 00/ 09/ 12*02

121 00/ 09/ 12

- 00/ 12/ 12*02 122 00/ 12/ 12

- 00/ 15/ 12*02

123 00/ 15/ 12

- 00/ 18/ 12*02 124 00/ 18/ 12

- 00/ 21/ 12*02

125 00/ 21/ 12

- 00/ 24/ 12*02 126 00/ 24/ 12

- 00/ 27/ 12*02

127 00/ 27/ 12

- 00 / 30/ 12*02 128 00/ 30/ 12

- 00/ 02/ 01*03

T he da t a s e t s l i s t e d a bove i nc l ude t he M M 5 out p ut s f r om D om a i n 1 ( 36 km ) a nd

D om a i n 2 ( 12 km )

, t he a na l ys i s da t a us e d f or F D D A

, a nd i ni t i a l a nd l a t e r a l bounda r y

c ondi t i ons

. I f ne c e s s a r y, a ny of t he e xpe r i m e nt s l i s t e d a bo ve c oul d be r e

- r un. T he M M 5

out put s i nc l ude t he t hr e e

- di m e ns i ona l f i e l ds o f t e m pe r a t ur e

, hor i z ont a l w i nds

, ve r t i c a l

m ot i on, pr e s s ur e pe r t urba t i ons

, m oi s t ur e

, c l oud w a t e r / r a i n w a t e r / i c e w a t e r / s now w a t e r

m i xi ng r a t i o, a nd r a di a t i on t e nde nc y; a nd t he t w o

- di m e ns i ona l f i e l ds of t he m a p

- s c a l e

f

a c t or

, l ongi t ude a nd l a t i t ude

, C or i ol i s pa r a m e t e r

, l a nd us e c a t e gor y, t e r r a i n he i ght

, P B L

de pt h, a c c um ul a t e d c onve c t i ve / non

- c onve c t i ve pr e c i pi t a t i on, s ur f a c e s e ns i bl e / l a t e nt he a t

f l ux. A F O R T R A

N pr og r a m t o r e a d t he da t a s e t s ha s a l s o be e n i nc l ude d.

6. A c k n ow l e d gm e n t s6 T hi s pr oj e c t w a s f unde d by M a r yl a nd’ s D e pa r t m e nt of E nv i r onm e nt ( M D E ) a nd

N or t he a s t S t a t e s f or C oor di na t e d A i r U s e M a n a g e m e nt

, I nc

. ( N E S C A U M )

. N e w Y or k

S t a t e D e pa r t m e n t of E nv i r on m e n t a l C ons e r v a t i o n ( N Y D E C ) h a s e va l ua t e d t he M M 5’ s

pe r f or m a nc e w i t h T D L a nd C A S T N e t m e a s ur e m e nt s f or t he s um m e r

- s e a s on e pi s ode s of

6

– 16 A ugus t 2002 be f or e t he pr oduc t i on of a c o m pl e t e 5

- m ont h s i m ul a t i on f r o m 1 M a y

t o 30 S e pt e m be r 2002

. S i m i l a r l y

, N E S C A U M e va l ua t e d t he M M 5 s i m ul a t i ons o f 23

– 29

J a nua r y 2002 be f or e t he s i m ul a t i on of t he w i nt e r

- s e a s on e pi s ode s a nd t he r e m a i ni ng

a nnua l m ode l s i m ul a t i ons

. W e a r e ve r y g r a t e f ul t o G opa l S i s t l a

, M i ke K u

, a nd W i ns t on

H a o of N Y S D E C

, a nd S ha n H e a nd G a r y K l e i m a n of N E S C A U M f or t he i r c a r e f ul

e va l ua t i ons of t he M M 5 pe r f o r m a nc e

.

R e f e r e n c e s

Bu rk

, S. D

. , an d W

. T

. T h o mp s o n

, 1 9 8 9 : A v ert i cal l y n es t ed reg i o n al n u meri cal w e at h er

p red i ct i o n mo d el w i t h s e co n d

- o rd er cl o s u re p h y s i cs

. M o n

. W ea

. R e v.

, 1 1 7

, 2 3 0 5

– 2 3 2 4

.

D u d h i a, J

. , 1 9 8 9 : N u meri c al s t u d y o f co n v ect i o n o b s erv ed d u ri n g t h e w i n t er mo n s o o n

ex p eri men t s u s i n g a mes o s cal e t w o

- d i men s i o n al mo d el

. J. A t m o s

. S ci

. , 4 6

, 3 0 7 7

– 3 1 0 7

.

G r el l

, G

. A

. , J

. D u d h i a

, an d D

. R

. St au ffe r, 1 9 9 5 : A d es cri p t i o n o f t h e fi ft h

- g en e rat i o n Pen n

St at e/ N C A R Mes o s cal e Mo d el ( M M5 ). N C A R T ech

. N o t e N C A R/ T N

- 3 9 8 1 S T R

, 1 2 2 p p

.

H o n g

, S.

- H

. , an d H

. - L

. Pan

, 1 9 9 6 : N o n l o cal b o u n d ary l ay er v ert i cal d i ffu s i o n i n a m ed i u m

- r an g e

fo recas t mo d el

. M o n

. W ea

. R ev.

, 1 2 4

, 2 3 2 2

– 2 3 3 9

.

J aj i ć

, Z

. I.

, 1 9 9 0 : T h e s t ep

- mo u n t ai n co o rd i n at e: Ph y s i cal p ack ag e. M o n

. W ea

. R ev.

, 1 1 8

, 1 4 2 9

-

1 4 4 3

.

  , 1 9 9 4 : T h e s t ep

- mo u n t ai n E t a co o rd i n at e mo d el : Fu rt h er d ev el o p m en t o f t h e co n v e ct i o n

,

v i s co u s s u b l ay er an d t u rb u l en t cl o s u re s ch e mes

. M o n

. W ea

. R ev.

, 1 2 2

, 9 2 7

- 9 4 5

.

K ai n

, J

. S.

, an d J

. M

. Fri t s ch

, 1 9 9 3 : Co n v ect i v e p ara met eri za t i o n fo r mes o s cal e mo d el s : T h e K ai n

Fri t s ch s ch e me

. Cu mu l u s P ara met e ri zat i o n

. M et eo r

. M o n o g r

. , 4 6

, A m er. Met eo r

. So c.

, 1 6 5

-

1 7 0

.

Mel l o r, G

. L

. , an d T

. Y a mad a, 1 9 7 4 : A h i era rch y o f t u rb u l en ce cl o s u re mo d el s fo r p l an et a ry

b o u n d ary l ay ers

. J

. A t m o s

. S ci

. , 3 1

, 1 7 9 1

– 1 8 0 6

.

Sh afr an

, P

. C

. , N

. L

. Se am an

, an d G

. A

. G ay n o

, 2 0 0 0 : E v al u at i o n o f n u meri cal p red i ct i o n s o f

b o u n d ary l ay er s t ru ct u re d u ri n g t h e L ak e Mi ch i g an o zo n e s t u d y

. J. A p

p l

. M et eo r

. , 3 9

, 4 1 2

-

4 2 6

.

St au ffe r, D

. R

. , N

. L

. S ea man an d F. S

. Bi n k o w s k i

, 1 9 9 1 : U s e o f fo u r

- d i men s i o n al d at a

as s i mi l at i o n i n a l i mi t ed

- area m es o s cal e mo d el

. P art II: E f fect s o f d at a as s i mi l at i o n w i t h i n t h e

p l an et ary b o u n d ary l ay er

. M o n

. W ea

. R ev

. , 1 1 9

, 7 3 4

- 7 5 4

.

St au ffe r, D

. R

. an d N

. L

. Se am an

, 1 9 9 0 : U s e o f fo u r

- d i men s i o n al d at a as s i mi l at i o n i n a l i mi t ed

area m es o s cal e mo d el

. P art I: E x p eri m en t s w i t h s y n o p t i c

- s cal e d at a

. M o n

. W ea

. R ev

. , 1 1 8

, 1 2 5 0

- 1 2 7 7

.

Z h an g

, D

. - L

. , 1 9 8 9 : T h e e ffe ct o f p ara met eri zed i c e mi cro p h y s i cs o n t h e s i mu l at i o n o f v o rt ex

ci rcu l at i o n w i t h a mes o s cal e h y d ro s t at i c mo d el

. Tel l u s

, 4 1 A

, 1 3 2

- 1 4 7

.

  , an d R

. A

. A n t h es

, 1 9 8 2 : A h i g h

- res o l u t i o n mo d el o f t h e p l an et ary b o u n d ary l ay er

—

Sen s i t i v i t y t es t s an d co mp ari s o n s w i t h S E S A M E

- 7 9 d at a. J. A p

p l

. M et eo r

. , 2 1

, 1 5 9 4

– 1 6 0 9

.

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# Attachment 8a_SMOKE_

2002_Emissions Processing

_Configuratio .pdf

## Emission Processing for the Re vised 2002 OTC Regional and

Urban 12 km Base Case Simulations

Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research

Division of Air Resources

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

September 19, 20062 1. Overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 4

2. Emission Inve ntories....................................................................................................... 4

2.1 MANE-VU................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.1 Area Sources ...................................................................................................... 4

2.1.2 Nonroad Sources................................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 Mobile Sources .................................................................................................. 5

2.1.4 Point Sources ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2 CENRAP................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Area Sources ...................................................................................................... 5

2.2.2 Nonroad Sources................................................................................................ 6

2.2.3 Mobile Sources .................................................................................................. 6

2.2.4 Point Sources ..................................................................................................... 6

2.3 VISTAS..................................................................................................................... 6

2.3.1 Area Sources ...................................................................................................... 7

2.3.2 Nonroad Sources................................................................................................ 7

2.3.3 Mobile Sources .................................................................................................. 7

2.3.4 Point Sources ..................................................................................................... 7

2.4 MRPO ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.4.1 Area Sources ...................................................................................................... 8

2.4.2 Nonroad Sources................................................................................................ 8

2.4.3 Mobile Sources .................................................................................................. 8

2.4.4 Point Sources ..................................................................................................... 8

2.5 Canada..................................................................................................................... .. 9

2.5.1 Area Sources ...................................................................................................... 9

2.5.2 Nonroad Sources................................................................................................ 9

2.5.3 Mobile Sources .................................................................................................. 9

2.5.4 Point Sources ..................................................................................................... 9

3. Mobile6 Processing....................................................................................................... 10

3.1 MANE-VU.............................................................................................................. 10

3.1.1 Mobile6 input files........................................................................................... 10

3.1.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files...................................................................... 11

3.1.3 Temperature averaging .................................................................................... 11

3.2 CENRAP................................................................................................................. 11

3.2.1 Mobile6 input files........................................................................................... 11

3.2.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files...................................................................... 11

3.2.3 Temperature averaging .................................................................................... 11

3.3 VISTAS................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.1 Mobile6 input files........................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files...................................................................... 12

3.3.3 Temperature averaging .................................................................................... 12

3.4 MRPO ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.4.1 Mobile6 input files........................................................................................... 12

3.4.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files...................................................................... 12

3.4.3 Temperature averaging .................................................................................... 133 4. Biogenic Emission Processing...................................................................................... 13

5. Temporal Allocation ..................................................................................................... 13

5.1 MANE-VU.............................................................................................................. 13

5.1.1 Area and nonroad sources................................................................................ 13

5.1.2 Mobile sources................................................................................................. 13

5.1.3 Point Sources ................................................................................................... 13

5.2 CENRAP................................................................................................................. 14

5.3 VISTAS................................................................................................................... 14

5.4 MRPO ..................................................................................................................... 14

5.5 Canada..................................................................................................................... 15

6. Speciation.................................................................................................................. .... 15

7. Spatial Allocation.......................................................................................................... 15

7.1 U.S. ....................................................................................................................... .. 15

7.2 Canada..................................................................................................................... 154 1. Overview

All emissions processing for the re vised 2002 OTC regional and urban 12 km

base case simulations was performed with SMOKE2.1 compiled on a Red Hat 9.0 Linux

operating system with the Portland group fo rtran compiler version 5.1. The emissions

processing was performed on a month-by-m onth and RPO-by-RPO basis, i.e. SMOKE

processing was performed for each month fo r each of the RPOs (MANE-VU, VISTAS,

CENRAP, MRPO) individually as well as for Canada. For each month/RPO combination,

a separate SMOKE ASSIGNS file was created, and the length of the episode in each of

these ASSIGNS files was set to the entire m onth. Also, as discussed in Section 3, there

was no difference between “episode-averag e” temperatures and “monthly-average”

temperatures for the Mobile6 simulations that used the option of te mperature averaging.

This document is structured as follows: A listing of all emission inventories is

given in Section 2, organized by RPO and source category. Section 3 discusses the

Mobile6 processing approach employed for the different RPOs, while Section 4 describes

the processing of biogenic emissions w ith BEIS3.12. Finally, Sections 5 through7

describe the temporal allocation, speciati on, and spatial allocation of the emissions

inventories, respectively.

2. Emission Inventories

2.1 MANE-VU

Version 3 of the MANE_VU inventory wa s utilized to generate CMAQ-ready

emissions. This emissions inventory data we re obtained from the MANEVU archive in

April 2006.

2.1.1 Area Sources

• Files:

MANEVU_AREA_SMOKE_INPUT_ ANNUAL_SUMMERDAY_040606.txt

and MANEVU_AREA_SMOKE_INP UT_ANNUAL_WINTERDAY_040606.txt

prepared by PECHAN, downloaded from ftp.marama.org (username mane-vu,

password exchange)

• Fugitive dust correction: This was applied as county-specific correction factors

for SCC’s listed at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/e mch/invent/index.html#dust ; the

correction factor file gcntl.xportfrac. txt was obtained from EPA’s CAIR NODA

ftp site http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment

was performed using the SMOKE programs cntlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing

2.1.2 Nonroad Sources

• File: MANEVU_NRD2002_SMOKE_030306 prepared by PECHAN;

downloaded from ftp.marama.org (username mane-vu, password exchange)5 2.1.3 Mobile Sources

• VMT/Speed: MANEVU_2002_mbinv_02022006_addCT.txt prepared by

PECHAN and NESCAUM; downloaded from

http://bronze.nescaum .org/Private/junghun/MANEVU/onroad_ver3_update/MANEVU_V3_update.tar

2.1.4 Point Sources

• Files:

MANEVU_Point_SMOKE_INPUT_ ANNUAL_SUMMERDAY_041006.txt and

MANEVU_Point_SMOKE_INPUT _ANNUAL_WINTERDAY_041006.txt

prepared by PECHAN were downloaded from ftp.marama.org (username manevu, password exchange)

• Fugitive dust correction: This was applied as county-specific correction factors

for SCC’s listed at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/e mch/invent/index.html#dust ; the

correction factor file gcntl.xportfrac. txt was obtained from EPA’s CAIR NODA

ftp site http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment

was performed using the SMOKE programs cntlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing

• Corrected the omission of 2,100 tons/year VOC emissions from several point

sources in NJ. NJDEP provided updated IDA files on June 30 that were used for

modeling.

2.2 CENRAP

The inventory data were obtained from the CENRAP ftp site in March 2006 and

reflect version BaseB of the CENRAP inventory.

2.2.1 Area Sources

• Files:

o CENRAP_AREA_SMOKE_INPUT_ANN_STATES_081705.txt

o CENRAP_AREA_MISC_SMOKE _INPUT_ANN_STATE_071905.txt

o CENRAP_AREA_BURNING_SMOKE_INPUT_ANN_TX_

NELI_071905.txt

o CENRAP_AREA_MISC_SMOKE _INPUT_NH3_MONTH_{MMM}

_072805.txt where {MMM} is JAN, FEB, ... DEC

o CENRAP_AREA_SMOKE_INPUT_NH3_MONTH_{MMM}

_071905.txt where {MMM} is JAN, FEB, ... DEC

• Fugitive dust correction: This was applied as county-specific correction factors

for SCC’s listed at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/e mch/invent/index.html#dust ; the

correction factor file gcntl.xportfrac. txt was obtained from EPA’s CAIR NODA

ftp site http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment

was performed using the SMOKE programs cntlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing

• Note about area and nonroad source SMOKE processing for the CENRAP region:

All area source inventories (both annual and month-specific) were processed in6 one step through SMOKE. SMK_AVEDAY_ YN was set to N, so seasonal

profiles were used to apportion the annua l inventories numbers by month. This

setting was also used for the nonroad pr ocessing performed in a separate step.

This was necessary since the month-specifi c files had zero in their ‘average-day’

column and the annual tota l column reflects the “mont hly emissions as annual

totals” as per header line. Therefore, seasonal profiles are used to apportion both

the annual and month-specific f iles. As described below, we utilized the temporal

profiles and cross-reference files gene rated by CENRAP. However, we did not

verify that this approach indeed lead s to the intended monthly allocation of

ammonia and nonroad emissions.

2.2.2 Nonroad Sources

• Files:

o CENRAP_NONROAD_SMOKE _INPUT_ANN_071305.txt

o CENRAP_NONROAD_SMOKE_I NPUT_MONTH_{MMM}_071305.txt

where {MMM} is JAN, FEB, ... DEC

2.2.3 Mobile Sources

• VMT/Speed files:

o mbinv02_vmt_cenrap_ce.ida

o mbinv02_vmt_cenrap_no.ida

o mbinv02_vmt_cenrap_so.ida

o mbinv02_vmt_cenrap_we.ida

2.2.4 Point Sources

• File: CENRAP_POINT_SMOKE_INPUT_ANNUAL_DAILY_072505.txt

• Fugitive dust correction: This was applied as county-specific correction factors

for SCC’s listed at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/e mch/invent/index.html#dust ; the

correction factor file gcntl.xportfrac. txt was obtained from EPA’s CAIR NODA

ftp site http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment

was performed using the SMOKE programs cntlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing.

2.3 VISTAS

All VISTAS emission files were obtained fr om the Alpine Geophysics ftp site. They

reflect version BaseG of the VISTAS invent ory with the exception of fire emissions

which reflect BaseF and BaseD. These file s were downloaded between February and

August, 2006.7 2.3.1 Area Sources

• Files:

o arinv_vistas_2002g_2453922_w_pmfac.txt

o ida_ar_fire_2002_vistaonly_basef.ida

• Note: the header lines of these files i ndicate that the fugitive dust correction was

already applied, so no further correction was performed.

2.3.2 Nonroad Sources

• Files:

o nrinv_vistas_2002g_2453908.txt

o marinv_vistas_2002g_2453972.txt

2.3.3 Mobile Sources

• VMT/Speed file: mbinv_vistas_02g_vmt_12jun06.txt

2.3.4 Point Sources

• Files:

o Annual:

 egu_ptinv_vistas_2002 typ_baseg_2453909.txt

 negu_ptinv_vistas_2002typ_baseg_2453909.txt

 ptinv_fires_{MM}_typ.vistas.ida where {MM} is 01, 02, 03, etc.

depending on the month; these annual point fire files were

generated as part of the VIST AS BaseD inventory and were

obtained in January 2005

o Hour-specific:

 pthour_2002typ_baseg_{MMM}_28jun2006.ems where {MMM}

is jan, feb, mar, etc.

 pthour_fires_{MM}_typ.vistas.ida where {MM} is 01, 02, 03, etc.

depending on the month; these hourly point fire files were

generated as part of the VIST AS BaseD inventory and were

obtained in January 2005

• Note: No fugitive dust correction was performed for these files.

2.4 MRPO

MRPO emissions for SMOKE modeling were generated by Alpine Geophysics through a

contract from MARAMA to convert the MRPO BaseK inventor y from NIF to IDA

format. The files were downloaded from the MARAMA ftp site ftp.marama.org

(username mane-vu, password exchange) between April and June 2006.8 2.4.1 Area Sources

• Files:

o Annual:

 arinv_mar_mrpok_2002_27apr2006.txt

 arinv_other_mrpok_2002_20jun2006.txt

o Month-specific:

 arinv_nh3_2002_mrpok_{mmm}_3may2006.txt where {mmm} is

jan, feb, etc.

 dustinv_2002_mrpok_{mmm}_23may2006.t xt where {mmm} is

jan, feb, etc.

• Fugitive dust correction: This correction was performed only to the

arinv_other_mrpok_2002_20jun2006.txt file using county-specific correction

factors for SCC’s listed at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/invent/index.html#dust ; the correction factor

file gcntl.xportfrac.txt was obtaine d from EPA’s CAIR NODA ftp site

http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment was

performed using the SMOKE programs cn tlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing.

• Note about area source SMOKE processi ng: SMOKE processing was performed

separately for the annual and month-sp ecific files. For the annual inventory

processing, SMK_AVEDAY_YN was set to N, so seasonal profiles were used to

apportion the annual inventories numb ers by month. For the month-specific

inventory processing, this variable was set to Y so that no seasonal profiles would

be applied and the inventory numbers in th e ‘average day’ column would be used.

To save a SMOKE processing ste p, the annual “marine” inventory

“arinv_mar_mrpok_2002_27apr2006.txt” was pro cessed together with the annual

“other area source” inventory “arinv_other_mrpok_2002_20jun2006.txt” even

though it technically is part of the nonroad inventory.

2.4.2 Nonroad Sources

• Files: nrinv_2002_mrpok_{mmm}_3may2006.txt where {mmm} is jan, feb, etc.

2.4.3 Mobile Sources

• VMT/Speed file: mbinv_mrpo_02f_vmt_02may06.txt

2.4.4 Point Sources

• Files: ptinv_egu_negu_2002_mrpok_1may2006.txt

• Fugitive dust correction: This correction was performed only to the

arinv_other_mrpok_2002_20jun2006.txt file using county-specific correction

factors for SCC’s listed at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/invent/index.html#dust ; the correction factor

file gcntl.xportfrac.txt was obtaine d from EPA’s CAIR NODA ftp site

http://www.airmodelingftp.com (password protected).; this adjustment was9 performed using the SMOKE programs cn tlmat and grwinven to generate an

adjusted IDA inventory file used for subsequent SMOKE processing.

2.5 Canada

2.5.1 Area Sources

• File: AS2000_SMOKEready.txt obtained from

ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/canada_2000inventory

• Fugitive dust correction: We applied “d ivide-by-four” correction for SCC’s listed

at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/invent/index.html#dust ; this adjustment was

performed outside SMOKE with in-house Fortran programs. No county/provincespecific correction factors were available for Canada

2.5.2 Nonroad Sources

• File: NONROAD2000_SMOKEready.txt obtained from

ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/canada_2000inventory

2.5.3 Mobile Sources

• File: MOBILE2000_SMOKEready.txt obtained from

ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/canada_2000inventory

• Fugitive dust correction: applied “divid e-by-four” correction for SCC’s listed at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/invent/index.html#dust ; this adjustment was

performed outside of SMOKE with in-house Fortran programs. No

county/province-specific correction fa ctors were available for Canada.

2.5.4 Point Sources

There has long been difficulty in obtai ning an up-to-date Canadian criteria

emissions inventory for point sources. This is due largely to confidentiality rights

afforded to Canadian facilities. Thus far, the most recent invent ory of Canadian point

sources is rooted in the 1985 NAPAP data and is close to two decades old. Because there

are a number of high emitting indus trial facilities in southern Canada it is of particular

importance to have a reasonably accurate i nventory of these sources especially when

modeling air quality over the Northeast and Midw est United States. Toward this end, an

effort was made to obtain more recent Canadian point source data and incorporate it into

an inventory database, which could then be used for the 2002 OTC air quality modeling.

Perhaps the most accurate and publicly accessible source of Canadian pollutant

data is now available from the National Po llutant Release Inventory (NPRI) database.

This database contains 268 substances. Faci lities that manufacture, process or otherwise

use one of these substances and that meet re porting thresholds are required to report these

emissions to Environment Canada on an annua l basis. The NPRI data are available at

Environment Canada’s website and can be found at the link10 http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/npri_home_e.cfm . The page hosts an on-line search engine

where one can locate emissions by pollutant or location. In addition, the entire database is

available for download as an MS Access or Excel file. The NPRI database contains

numerous pages with a rather comprehensive lis t of information. Detailed information is

available about each facility, including lo cation, activity and annual emissions. In

addition, facilities having stacks with a height of 50 meters or more are required to report

stack parameters.

Unfortunately, one of the limitations of th e NPRI database for modeling purposes

is that the data are only available at the fac ility level. Emissions models require process

level information, so in order to use this data , a few generalizations had to be made. Each

facility has a Standard Industrial Classificat ion (SIC) code associated with it; however,

emissions models require Source Classifica tion Codes (SCC’s). SCC’s are of critical

importance as the emissions models use thes e codes for assignment of temporal and

speciation profiles. SIC codes describe the ge neral activity of a facility while SCC codes

describe specific processes taking place at each facility. While no direct relationship

exists between these two codes, a general al beit subjective associa tion can be made.

For the purposes of creating a model-ready inventory file it was necessary to obtain the

whole NPRI database. After merging all the necessary components from the NPRI

database required in the SMOKE inventory file, the SIC code from each facility was

examined and assigned an SCC code. In most cases, only a SCC3 level code was

assigned with confidence. While this is admittedly a less than desirable process, it does

allow for the use of the most recent emissions from the NPRI database to be used in

modeling. Furthermore, having some level of SCC associated with these emissions will

ensure that they will be assigned a temporal and speciation profile by the model, other

than the default. Once the model-ready inve ntory file was devel oped, it was processed

through SMOKE.

3. Mobile6 Processing

3.1 MANE-VU

3.1.1 Mobile6 input files

• Month-specific input files were prep ared by PECHAN and NESCAUM and were

downloaded from http://bronze.ne scaum.org/Private/junghun/MANEVU/onroad_ver3_update/MANEVU_V3_update.tar

• Added the line “REBUILD EFFECTS :0.10” to each file before the

SCENARIO record to override the Mob ile6 default setting of 0.9 (90%) for the

“chip reflash” effectiveness11 3.1.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files

• SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files were pr epared by PECHAN and NESCAUM and

were downloaded from http://bronz e.nescaum.org/Private/junghun/MANEVU/onroad_ver3_update/MANEVU_V3_update.tar

3.1.3 Temperature averaging

• Following the setting in the MANEVU_2002_mvref.txt files, the following

procedures were used by SMOKE for tem poral and spatial temperature averaging

in the calculation of emission factors:

o Spatial averaging: temperatures were averaged over all counties that share

a common reference county (i.e. Mobile6 input file)

o Temporal averaging for May – Se ptember emissions processing: no

temporal averaging was used, i.e. day- specific temperatures were used to

calculate emission factors for each day.

o Temporal averaging for non-summer -months emissions processing:

Temporal averaging over the duration of the episode (i.e. the entire month,

see introduction) was used, i.e. monthl y average temperatures were used

to calculate the emission factors.

3.2 CENRAP

3.2.1 Mobile6 input files

• Mobile6 input files for the CENRAP regi on for January and July were contained

in the files central_M6_{MMM}.zip, north_M6_{MMM}.zip,

south_M6_{MMM}.zip, west_M6_{MMM}.zip where {MMM} is either jan or

jul. July input files were used for Ap ril – September processing, while January

input files were used for the remaining months

• All files were downloaded from th e CENRAP ftp site in March 2006.

3.2.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files

• SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files were cont ained in the files central_M6_RD.zip,

north_M6_RD.zip, south_M6_RD.zip, and west_M6_RD.zip. The SMOKE

MCREF, MVREF, and MCODES files were contained in the file

MOBILESMOKE_Inputs.zip. The MCREF and MVREF files were combined for

the different regions (“centra l”, “east”, “west”, “north”)

• All files were downloaded from th e CENRAP ftp site in March 2006.

3.2.3 Temperature averaging

• The following procedures were used by SMOKE for temporal and spatial

temperature averaging in the calculati on of emission factor s according to the

setting in the mvref files:12 o Spatial averaging: no spatial aver aging of temperatures, i.e. the

temperatures for the reference county is used to calculate emission factors

for all counties that share this refe rence county (i.e. M obile6 input file)

o Temporal averaging: Temporal averag ing over the duration of the episode

(i.e. the entire month, see introductio n) was used, i.e. monthly average

temperatures were used to calculate the emission factors.

3.3 VISTAS

3.3.1 Mobile6 input files

• Month-specific Mobile6 input files were obtained from the Alpine Geophysics ftp

site in July 2006. They reflect vers ion BaseG of the VISTAS inventory.

3.3.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files

• SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files utilized were obtained from the Alpine

Geophysics ftp site in July 2006. They re flect version BaseG of the VISTAS

inventory.

3.3.3 Temperature averaging

• The following procedures were used by SMOKE for the temporal and spatial

temperature averaging in the calculati on of emission factor s according to the

setting in the mvref_baseg.36k.ag.txt file:

o Spatial averaging: temperatures aver aged over all counties that share a

common reference county (i.e. Mobile6 input file)

o Temporal averaging: Temporal averag ing over the duration of the episode

(i.e. the entire month, see introductio n) was used, i.e. monthly average

temperatures were used to calculate the emission factors.

3.4 MRPO

3.4.1 Mobile6 input files

• Month-specific Mobile6 input files for SMOKE modeling were generated by

Alpine Geophysics through a contract from MARAMA. They are based on

version BaseK of the MRPO inventory. The files were downloaded from the

MARAMA ftp site ftp.marama.org (username mane-vu, password exchange) in

May 2006.

3.4.2 SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files

• SMOKE/Mobile6 auxiliary files for SMOKE modeling were gene rated by Alpine

Geophysics through a contract from MA RAMA. They are based on version

BaseK of the MRPO inventory. The file s were downloaded from the MARAMA

ftp site ftp.marama.org (username mane-vu, password exchange) in May 2006.13 3.4.3 Temperature averaging

• The following procedures were used by SMOKE for the temporal and spatial

temperature averaging in the calculati on of emission factor s according to the

setting in the mvreg_mrpo_basek.txt file:

o Spatial averaging: temperatures aver aged over all counties that share a

common reference county (i.e. Mobile6 input file)

o Temporal averaging: Temporal averag ing over the duration of the episode

(i.e. the entire month, see introductio n) was used, i.e. monthly average

temperatures were used to calculate the emission factors.

4. Biogenic Emission Processing

Hourly gridded biogenic emissions for the 12 km and 36 km modeling domains

were calculated by BEIS3.12 through SMOKE, using MCIP-processed MM5 fields for

temperature (“TA”, layer-1 temperature), so lar radiation (“RGRND” ), surface pressure

(“PRES”), and precipitation (“RN” and “RC”). A ‘seasonal switch’ file was generated by

the SMOKE utility metscan to determine whether winter or summer emission factors

should be used for any given grid cell on a ny given day. Winter emission factors are used

from January 1 st through the date of the last frost a nd again from the data of the first frost

in fall through December 31 st . Summer emission factors are used for the time period in

between. This calculation is perfor med separately for each grid cell.

5. Temporal Allocation

5.1 MANE-VU

5.1.1 Area and nonroad sources

• Generated as part of the MANE-VU version 1 inventory

• amptpro.m3.us+can.manevu.030205.txt

• amptref.m3.manevu.012405.txt

• downloaded from ftp.marama.org (username mane-vu, password exchange) in

January 2005

5.1.2 Mobile sources

• MANEVU_2002_mtpro_02022006_addCT.txt

• MANEVU_2002_mtref_02022006_addCT.txt

• prepared by PECHAN and NESCAUM and downloaded from

http://bronze.nescaum .org/Private/junghun/MANEVU/onroad_ver3_update/MANEVU_V3_update.tar

5.1.3 Point Sources

• Based on the same files as for the M ANE-VU area and nonroad temporal files

listed above, but added the CEM-based 2002 st ate-specific temporal profiles and14 cross-references for EGU sources for th e MANE-VU states that were generated

by VISTAS for their BaseD modeli ng and obtained in February 2005.

• No CEM-based hour-specific EGU emissions were utilized

5.2 CENRAP

The following temporal profiles and cross-reference files were used:

• Area and nonroad sources:

o amptpro.m3.us+can.cenrap.010605_incl_nrd.txt

o amptref.m3.cenrap.010605_add_nh3_and_nrd.txt

• Mobile sources:

o mtpro.cenrap.v3.txt

o mtref.cenrap.v3.txt

• Point sources:

o ptpro.{QQ}.cenrap_egus_cem.00-03avg.121205.txt where {QQ} is Q1 for

January/February/March, Q2 for April/May/June, etc.

o ptref.{QQ}.cenrap_egus_cem.00-03avg.121205.txt where {QQ} is Q1 for

January/February/March, Q2 for April/May/June, etc.

• All files were downloaded from th e CENRAP ftp site in March 2006.

5.3 VISTAS

The following month-specific temporal profil es and cross-reference files were used:

• Area and nonroad sources:

o atpro_vistas_basef_15jul05.txt

o atref_vistas_basef_15jul05.txt

• Mobile sources:

o mtpro_vistas_basef_04jul05.txt

o mtref_us_can_vistas_basef_04jul05.txt

• Point sources:

o ptpro_typ_{MMM}_vistasg_28jun2006.txt where {MMM} is jan, feb,

mar, etc.

o ptref_typ_vistas_baseg_28jun2006.txt

• These files were obtained from the Al pine Geophysics ftp site. They reflect

version BaseG of the VISTAS inventory fo r the point source allocation files and

version BaseF for the area, nonroad, and mobile source allocation files. These

files were downloaded between February and July, 2006.

5.4 MRPO

The following month-specific temporal profiles and cross-reference files were used for

all source categories:

• amptpro_typ_us_can_{MMM}_vistas_27nov04.txt where {MMM} is jan, feb,

mar, etc.

• amptref_2002_us_can_vistas_17dec04.txt15 • These files were obtained from VISTAS in January 2005 and reflect their BaseD

modeling. No updated temporal profiles or cross-reference files were developed

for use with the MRPO BaseK inventory.

5.5 Canada

For Canada, the SMOKE2.1 default temporal profiles and cross-reference files

(amptpro.m3.us+can.txt and amptref.m3.us+can.txt) were utilized.

6. Speciation

The same speciation profiles (gspro.c maq.cb4p25.txt) and cross-references

(gsref.cmaq.cb4p25.txt) were utilized for all re gions and all source ca tegories. Different

versions of these files were obtained (SMOKE2.1 default, EPA-CAIR modeling,

VISTAS, CENRAP and MANE-VU) and compar ed. After comparing the creation dates

and header lines of these files, it was determined that the EPA-CAIR and MANE-VU

files had the most recent updates, and conseque ntly the final speciation profile and crossreference files used for all regions and source categories was based on the EPA-CAIR

files with the addition of MANE-VU specific updates.

7. Spatial Allocation

7.1 U.S.

The spatial surrogates for the 12 km domain were extracted from the national grid 12 km

U.S. gridding surrogates pos ted at EPA’s website at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ emch/spatial/newsurrogate.html

The gridding cross-references were also obtained from this website, but for the

processing of MANE-VU area source emi ssions, MANE-VU specific cross-reference

entries posted on the MARAMA ftp site were added.

7.2 Canada

The spatial surrogates for Canadian emissions for the 12 km domain were extracted from

the national grid 12 km Canadian gridding surrogates posted at EPA’s website at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ emch/spatial/newsurrogate.html

The gridding cross-references were also obtained from this website.

# Attachment

8b_SMOKE_2009_OTWOTB_

Emissi ons Processing .pdf

## Emission Pro cessing for OTC 2009 OTW/OTB

12km CMA Q Sim ulations

Office of Air Data Analysis

Air Division

Virginia Departmen t of En vironmen tal Qualit y

F ebruary

, 2007

1Ov erview

The OTC 2009 OTW/OTB emission mo deling w as conducted at the Virginia

Departmen t of En vironmen tal Qualit y (DEQ). The mo deling follo w ed and retained the

framew ork of the previous (original) OTC 2002/2009 emission mo deling done b y the New

Y ork State Departmen t of En vironmen tal Conserv ation (NYSDEC). Sev eral c hanges and

corrections had b een made throughout the en tire mo deling p erio d. Virginia DEQ w as in

close con tact with NYSDEC whic h pro vided man y premerged netCDF files for inclusion

in the merging pro cess to obtain final SMOKE outputs for CMA Q sim ulations.

Emissions for all source categories w ere pro cessed b y SMOKE2.1. The SMOKE

programs do wnloaded from Comm unit y Mo deling and Analysis System (CMAS) w ebsite

ha v e b een compiled for LINUX system and ready for usage. If existing compiled co des

returned errors, suc h as in the case of large MCIP files, compiled v ersions pro vided b y

NYSDEC and a

v ailable at Ozone Researc h Cen ter’s (OR C) ftp sites w ere used instead.

Data Sources

The ma jorit y of ra

w input data files w ere pro vided to DEQ b y Greg Stella of

AlpineGeoph ysics through its ftp site at alpinegeoph ysics.com. Differen t v ersions of 2009

SMOKE emission mo deling ha v e b een conducted o v er the y ears b y AlpineGeoph ysics. The

v ersion of input data files used for OTC 2009 OTW/OTB emission mo deling w as lab eled

as BaseG of the AlpineGeoph ysics.

In some source categories, primarily in MANEVU and Canada regions, sev eral c hanges

and corrections in emissions w ere made at v arious stage of SMOKE mo deling, causing

the outputs using AlpineGeoph ysics files to b e discarded. SMOKE mo deling of those

categories (describ ed b elo w) w as p erformed b y NYSDEC whic h made netCDF outputs

a v ailable at Ozone Researc h Cen ter’s ftp site at ozoneresearc h.org. In suc h cases, DEQ

used the premerged netCDF files directly for final merging.

SMOKE Pro cessing

The OTC 12km regional and urban scale mo deling domain encompasses four RPOs:

VIST AS, MANEVU, CENRAP

, and MRPO. P art of Canada also falls in the mo deling

domain.

The OTC 2009 OTW/OTB emissions w ere pro cessed roughly on a mon th-b y-mon th

and RPO-b y-RPO basis. SMOKE mo deling w as conducted for eac h mon th for eac h of the

four individual RPOs as w ell as for Canada (completed b y NYSDEC), except for mobile

source category

, whic h w as done b y t w o sub-RPOs: one for MANEVU and the other for

the com bination of VIST AS, CENRAP

, and MRPO. A separate SMOKE ASSIGNS file

w as created for eac h RPO and/or source category

. The episo de length in the ASSIGNS

files v aries from one mon th to the en tire y ear.

2Fiv e ma jor emission source categories (listed b elo w) w ere included in the OTC 2009

OTW/OTB SMOKE mo deling. Sub-categories w ere lump ed in to the ma jor categories

here for presen tation purp ose but w ere treated as separate categories in pro cessing. F or

example, lo w-lev el wildfire w as treated as area source, whereas high-lev el wildfire w as

mo deled as p oin t source. In addition, p oin t source category w as further divided in to EGU

and non-EGU. Minor sources suc h as non-fossil fuels and marine v assel w ere pro cessed as

w ell. T able 1 summarizes input files and other relev an t information for eac h of the RPOs

and Canada.

(1). Area (including lo w-lev el wildfire and NH 3 );

(2). Nonroad (including marine v assel);

(3). P oin t (including EGU, Non-EGU, non-fossil fuels and wildfires);

(4). Mobile;

(5). Biogenic.

F or VIST AS region (only), AlpineGeoph ysics has dev elop ed ann ual, daily

, or hourly

emissions data for EGU and high-lev el wildfire source categories. SMOKE run script

parameters of D A

Y SPECIFIC YN and/or HOUR SPECIFIC YN w ere turned on (to Y)

and mon th-sp ecific temp oral profiles of BaseG w ere applied to mak e sure those more

detailed in v en tory files w ere used to o v erride ann ual emissions.

Mobile source emissions w ere divided in to t w o groups for pro cessing. The original

input file (m bin v vistas 09g vm t 12jun06.txt) pro vided b y AlpineGeoph ysics con tains

VMT data for all four RPOs. The MANEVU p ortion w as first remo v ed from the original

file and the revised file (otherRPOs.m b.vm t.emis) whic h con tains VMT data for the

remaining three RPOs (VIST AS, CENRAP

, MRPO) w as then used as the input in v en tory

for pro cessing. The MANEVU p ortion remo v ed from the original file w as pro cessed

separately on its o wn as another group.

MOBILE6 Pro cessing

As describ ed ab o v e, mobile source emissions for three RPOs

— VIST AS, CENRAP

, and MRPO

— w ere group ed and pro cessed together. T o estimate v ehicle emission factors

in MOBILE6, temp erature a v eraging of space and time w ere sp ecified in input file of

m vref vistas 2009g 26aug06.txt as follo ws:

(1). Spatial a

v eraging: temp eratures w ere a v eraged o v er all coun ties that share a

common reference coun t y;

(2). T emp oral a

v eraging: temp eratures w ere a v eraged o v er the duration of the episo de,

whic h in presen t case is one mon th.

3The a v eraging describ ed ab o v e is consisten t with the original OTC 2002/2009 emission

pro cessing done b y NYSDEC. DEQ also pro cessed MANEVU p ortion of mobile source.

Ho w ev er, due to the inconsistency of temp oral profile and cross-reference file used b et w een

DEQ’s run and the original 2002/2009 run b y NYSDEC, those outputs w ere discarded.

NYSDEC re-pro cessed the MANEVU p ortion and pro vided netCDF files to DEQ for final

merging. The re-pro cessed MANEVU run b y NYSDEC reflects up dated mobile source

information in New Jersey and Connecticut.

Sp eciations, T

emp oral and Spatial Allo cations

F or consistency

, the OTC 2009 OTW/OTB input profiles for sp eciations, temp oral,

and spatial allo cations remained the same as the original OTC 2002/2009 emission

mo deling done b y NYSDEC, ev en though more up-to-date profiles (suc h as those mark ed

with BaseG or later) w ere a v ailable at the AlpineGeoph ysics. No attempt w as made to

examine the effects of differen t v ersions of profiles on daily emissions.

F ugitiv e Dust Corrections

F ugitiv e dust emissions w ere corrected in SMOKE b y t w o-step pro cess. First,

SMKINVEN and CNTLMA T w ere executed with t w o separate input files: (1) the original

in v en tory file, and (2) a con trolled matrix file of 2009 dust pro jection factors. A new

in v en tory file con taining adjusted emissions w as created in SMKINVEN/CNTLMA T run.

The new file w as then used as the in v en tory input for regular SMOKE pro cessing of

SMKINVEN, SPCMA

T, GRDMA

T, TEMPORAL, LA

YPOINT (for p oin t source), and

SMKMER GE. The source categories whic h w en t through this t w o-step pro cess included

non-EGU for VIST

AS, MANEVU, CENRAP

, and MRPO, and area sources for MANEVU

and CENRAP

.

Canadian and Biogenic Emissions

Canadian emissions of all four source categories (area, nonroad, p oin t, mobile) and

domain-wide biogenic emissions w ere pro cessed b y NYSDEC. Details on ho w emission

mo deling of these categories w as conducted ha v e b een do cumen ted in “Emission Pro cessing

for the Revised 2002 OTC Regional and Urban 12 km Base Case Sim ulations” b y NYSDEC.

DEQ obtained premerged netCDF files for these source categories from OR C ftp site and

used them directly for final merging.

4Premerged netCDF Files

In Decem b er 2006, NYSDEC made further adjustmen ts to ammonia and dust

emissions of MRPO region and ran through SMOKE with the adjusted emissions. Three

of MRPO’s source categories w ere affected: area, nonroad, and NH 3

. As a result,

outputs generated b y DEQ for the three affected MRPO’s categories w ere discarded.

Canadian emissions of all four source categories (area, nonroad, p oin t and mobile) w ere

also re-pro cessed b y NYSDEC with up dated information. Sev en new er v ersions, three for

MRPO and four for Canada, of premerged netCDF files reflecting the adjustmen ts w ere

made a v ailable at OR C ftp site. The up dated premerged netCDF files w ere used to replace

earlier v ersions in the final merging pro cess..

SMOKE Merging

A total of t w en t y-sev en netCDF files w ere merged together to pro duce daily total

emissions for use as inputs to CMA Q:

(1). Six for VIST

AS (excluding mobile);

(2). Fiv e for MANEVU (excluding mobile);

(3). F our for CENRAP (excluding mobile);

(4). Fiv e for MRPO (excluding mobile);

(5). Tw o for mobile source emissions;

(6). F our for Canadian emissions;

(7). One for domain-wide biogenic emissions.

T able 1 lists the categories (indicated b y sequen tial n um b ers) whic h w ere com bined

in the merging pro cess.

BOTW Emissions

The differences b et w een 2009 BOTW and 2009 OTW/OTB emissions lie in the area

and non-EGU sources of MANEVU region where more con trolled emissions are in effect

for BOTW than for OTW/OTB. NYSDEC generated premerged netCDF files for BOTW

run. T o obtain 2009 OTC BOTW emissions, the t w o affected MANEVU source categories

for OTW/OTB run w ere substituted and replaced b y the new BOTW premerged files in

the final merging pro cess.

5Table1.2009OTW/OTBEmissionsProcessingSummaryCategoryFilesFilesSourceNotesVISTAS(1)Areaarinvvistas2009g2453922wpmfac.txtAlpineGeophysics(2)Nonroadnrinvvistas2009g2453908.txtAlpineGeophysicsmarinvvistas2009g2453972.txtAlpineGeophysicsmarinevesselemissions(3)Non-EGUneguptinvvistas2009baseg2453957.txtAlpineGeophysics(4)EGUeguptinvvistas2009baseg2453990.txtAlpineGeophysicsannualemissionspthour2009basegmon2453990.emsAlpineGeophysicshourlyemissions,mon=may,jun,...(5)LowFirearealevelfiresvistas2002baseg.idaAlpineGeophysicstreatedasareasources(6)HighFireptinv.plume.vistasbaseg09.num.idaAlpineGeophysicstreatedaspointsources;annualdataptday.plume.vistasbaseg09.num.idaAlpineGeophysicsdailydata;num=1,2,...pthour.plume.vistasbaseg09.num.idaAlpineGeophysicshourlydata;num=1,2,...(7)MobileotherRPOs.mb.vmt.emisrevisedfromAlpineGcontainsVISTAS/CENRAP/MRPOMANEVU(8)AreaMANEVU2009OTBAreaV31woodburn.incl.IDA.txtAlpineGeophysicsifBOTW,premergednetCDFformerging(9)Nonroad2009MANEVUNRNIFV30NonRoadIDA.NJfix.txtAlpineGeophysics(10)Non-EGUmanevu2009noneguv30pointida.txtAlpineGeophysicsifBOTW,premergednetCDFformerging(11)EGUptinvegu2009manevu10aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsannualemissions(12)Non-Fossilemanevunonfossil200919sept2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsnon-fossilfuelemissions(13)MobilenetCDFfileNYSDECnetCDFusedformerging6Table1.2009OTW/OTBEmissionsProcessingSummary(cont.)CategoryFilesFilesSourceNotesCENRAP(14)Areacenrapareaburningsmoke2009inputanntxneli0719052453959.txtAlpineGeophysicscenrapareamisc2009smokeinputannstate0719052453959.txtAlpineGeophysicscenrapareamisc2009smokeoutputnh3annual072805rev2453959.txtAlpineGeophysicsarinv.cenrap200909xfact.ida.txtAlpineGeophysicscenrapareasmoke2009outputnh3annual071905rev2453959.txtAlpineGeophysics(15)Nonroadcenrapnonroadsmoke2009outputannual071305rev.txtAlpineGeophysics(16)Non-EGUptinvnegucenrap200925aug2006.idaAlpineGeophysics(17)EGUptinvegu2009cenrap10aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsannualemissionsMobileotherRPOs.mb.vmt.emisrevisedfromAlpineGVISTAS/CENRAP/MRPOMRPO(18)Areaarinvothermrpok200910aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsdustcorrection;premergednetCDFdustinvmrpobasef4200910nov05.idaAlpineGeophysics(19)NH3nh3inv2009mrpokann10aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsdustcorrection;premergednetCDF(20)Nonroadnrinvmrpog092453958adj.txtAlpineGeophysicsdustcorrection;premergednetCDFarinvmarmrpok20097aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysics(21)Non-EGUptinvnegu2009mrpok10aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysics(22)EGUptinvegu2009mrpok10aug2006.txtAlpineGeophysicsannualemissionsMobileotherRPOs.mb.vmt.emisrevisedfromAlpineGVISTAS/CENRAP/MRPO7Table1.2009OTW/OTBEmissionsProcessingSummary(cont.)CategoryFilesFilesSourceNotesCANADA(23)AreanetCDFfileNYSDEC;downloadedfromOTCftpsitepremergednetCDFformerging(24)NonroadnetCDFfileNYSDEC;downloadedfromOTCftpsitepremergednetCDFformerging(25)PointnetCDFfileNYSDEC;downloadedfromOTCftpsitepremergednetCDFformerging(26)MobilenetCDFfileNYSDEC;downloadedfromOTCftpsitepremergednetCDFformergingBIOGENIC(27)biogenicnetCDFfileNYSDEC;downloadedfromOTCftpsitedomain-wideemissions;premergednetCDFformerging8

# Attachment 9_CMAQ Air Quality Model

Configuration .pdfOTC CMAQ Air Quality Model Configuration

Science Options Configuration Details/Comments

Model CMAQ Version 4.5

Horizontal Grid Mesh 36km/12km

36-km grid 145x102 cells

12-km grid 172x172 cells

Vertical Grid Mesh 22 Layers

Grid Interaction One-way nesting

Boundary Conditions GEOS-CHEM

Emissions

Baseline Emissions

Processing SMOKE (Version 2.1)

model configuration MM5 meteorology input to SMOKE &

CMAQ

Sub-grid-scale Plumes No Plume –in-Grid

(PinG)

Chemistry

Gas Phase Chemistry CBM-IV

Aerosol Chemistry AE3/ISORROPIA

Secondary Organic

Aerosols Secondary Organic

Aerosol Model

(SORGAM)

Aerosol Mass

Conservation Patch Yes Schell et. al., (2001)

Cloud Chemistry RADM-type aqueous

chemistry Includes sub-grid cloud processes

N 2 O 5 Reaction

Probability 0.01-0.001

Meteorological

Processor MCIP Version 3.0

Horizontal Transport

Eddy Diffusivity

Scheme K-theory with Kh grid

size dependence Multi-scale Smagorinsky (1963)

approach

Vertical Transport

Eddy Diffusivity

Scheme K-theory

Diffusivity Lower Limit Kzmin = 1.0

Planetary Boundary

Layer No Patch

Deposition Scheme M3dry Directly linked to Pleim-Xiu Land

Surface Model parameters

Numerics

Gas Phase Chemistry Euler Backward Itera tive Hertel et. Al. (1993) EBI solver ~2xScience Options Configuration Details/Comments

Solver (EBI) solver faster than MEBI

Horizontal Advection

Scheme Piecewise Parabolic

Method (PPM) scheme

Simulation Periods 2002

Platform Linux Cluster