Workshop on Test Procedures for

Electric Distribution Transformers

Michael J. McCabe

February 10, 1998

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Background

Determination published on

October 22, 1997, that standards

appear to be technologically

feasible, economically justified

and would result in significant

energy savings.

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Standards

DOE will apply the new process

Standards rulemaking will be initiated

after the test procedures rulemaking

rioritization will apply

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Priority Setting Process

• The new priority setting process invites public

input on the program ' s rulemaking agenda

• Annual prioritization of rulemaking activities

• Based primarily on potential energy savings

• With consideration of other economic and

environmental factors

EE-DET-97-550 COMMENT 04
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Purpose of Workshop

Present staff draft test procedure

. Seek comment/input on identified

issues

. Identify other test

procedure issues

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Appliance Rulemaking Process

Determination

Notice

Test

Procedures

01

Standards

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Test Procedures

Test procedures are used for

Rating Appliances

Labeling

Standards

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Test Procedures

. DOE will work with interested parties to

develop test procedures

. DOE will use consensus test procedures ,

where appropriate, in developing the

proposed rule

. Proposed Rule - Summer 1998

. Final Rule - Summer 1999

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Distribution Transformer

Workshop

10 Feb 98

Kathi Epping

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CONSENSUS STANDARDS

• ANSI C57. 12.90-1993 , "IEEE Standards Test Code for LiquidImmersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers and IEEE

Guide for Short Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power

Transformers"

• ANSI C57.12.91-1.995, "IEEE Standard Test Code for Dry-Type

Distribution and Power Transformers"

• ANSI C57.12.00-1993, "IEEE Standard General requirements for

Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers"

• ANSI C57.12.01-1989, "IEEE Standard General Requirements for

Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers, including those with

Solid Cast and/or Resin-Encapsulated windings"

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Unofficial Standards

NEMA Draft TP 2, "Standard Test Method

for Measuring the Energy Consumption of

Distribution Transformers"

• IEEE PC57.123, "Draft Guide for

Transformer Loss Measurement"

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Consensus Standards

• Are the consensus standards appropriate for

referencing as the DOE-required test practice?

• Is the clause-by-clause referencing of ANSI

standards in the NIST Draft, pp. 16-20, too

detailed? Should it be abbreviated by referencing

only the appropriate sections in the two test

codes-those describing do resistance, no-load

loss, and load loss measurements-and alluding to

the specific clauses where exceptions are made?

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Consensus Standards

• Should additional relevant standards now in

preparation and approval stages, such as

IEEE PC57. 123/D "Draft Guide for

Transformer Loss Measurement" & NEMA

TP-2 be considered additional or alternative

references? Will they add to the knowledge

base of the already existing consensus

standards or enhance the user convenience?

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Basic Model Definition

• Basic model means all units of a given type of

covered equipment (or class thereof)

manufactured by a single manufacturer and, with

respect to distribution transformers, which have

the same rating, have electrical characteristics that

are essentially identical, and do not have any

differing physical or electrical characteristics

which affect energy consumption or efficiency.

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Basic Model

In view of such a definition for a "basic model,"

do you anticipate significant difficulties in

grouping your products into basic models?

• For those manufacturers having only a few items

per model, would it be possible to combine a

number of models into- families of basic models,

e.g., grouping many actual production models of

the same nominal kVA rating in one family of

models?

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Basic Model

• Would it be possible to combine similar

manufacturing models, e.g., having the

same nominal kVA rating, in one "basic

model" by using normalized loss data?

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Basic Model -normalized losses

"Loss Percentage (LP)" defined as

LP=100 [ 1 +(AL-ML)/ML

where AL represents actual measured total

losses, and ML represents mandated

maximum total losses

• Such an approach appears to be valid for all

manufacturing models having similar

variability for (AL/ML).

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Sampling Plan

Please provide comments on the two

sampling plans DOE is considering for

compliance testing.

• Please describe other approaches you

believe DOE should consider.

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Measure of Energy Consumption

Are there any strong reasons why efficiency

should not be used?

Should other measures of energy consumption be

considered: e.g., loss power normalized relative

to output kVA, either on per unit basis or

percentage basis?

Is reporting of efficiency and losses at reduced

loading levels appropriate for an energy

conservation standard?

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Industry Burden

What specific requirements in the NIST

draft test procedure are causing concern

about significant additional burden imposed

by testing requirements?

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Reference Temperatures

• 20°C for No Load, both Liquid-Immersed &

Dry-Type

• Single Reference Temp. of 75°C for Load

for Dry-Type

• 55°C for Liquid-Immersed at 50% Load

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Corrections

• Using C.57.12.90

• Load loss correction due to phase angle for

both liquid and dry-type

• No load loss corrected to reference

temperature of 20oC

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Quality Assurance

• C57.12.00 Measurement Uncertainty

Tolerances

Are there concerns about applying

measurement accuracy requirements to drytype transformers (as is now done for

liquid-immersed) and about including a

clause for guidance from ISO 9001-1993 on

measurement quality assurance procedures?

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