Vol. 79 Wednesday, 

No. 93 May 14, 2014 

Part II 

Environmental Protection Agency 

40 CFR Part 60 

Performance Specification 18—Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Gaseous HCl Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary 

Sources; Proposed Rule 

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27690 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 93 / Wednesday, May 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 60 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696; FRL–9909–79– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–5689 

Performance Specification 18— 

Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Gaseous HCl Continuous Emission 

Monitoring Systems at Stationary 

Sources 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is proposing performance 

specifications and test procedures for 

hydrogen chloride continuous emission 

monitoring systems to provide sources 

and regulatory agencies with criteria 

and test procedures for evaluating the 

acceptability of hydrogen chloride 

continuous emission monitoring 

systems. The proposed specification 

(Performance Specification 18) includes 

requirements for initial acceptance 

including instrument accuracy and 

stability assessments. This action also 

proposes quality assurance procedures 

for hydrogen chloride continuous 

emission monitoring systems used for 

compliance determination at stationary 

sources. The quality assurance 

procedures (Procedure 6) specify the 

minimum quality assurance 

requirements necessary for the control 

and assessment of the quality of 

continuous emission monitoring 

systems data submitted to the EPA. 

This action would establish consistent 

requirements for ensuring and assessing 

the quality of data measured by 

hydrogen chloride continuous emission 

monitoring systems. The affected 

systems are those used for determining 

compliance with emission standards for 

hydrogen chloride on a continuous basis 

as specified in an applicable permit or 

regulation. The affected industries and 

their North American Industry 

Classification System codes are listed in 

the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section 

of this preamble. 

DATES: Comments. Comments must be 

received on or before June 13, 2014. 

Public Hearing. The EPA will hold a 

public hearing on this rule if requested. 

Requests for a hearing must be made by 

May 27, 2014. Requests for a hearing 

should be made to Ms. Candace Sorrell 

via email at sorrell.candace@epa.gov or 

by phone at (919) 541–1064. If a hearing 

is requested, it will be held on May 28, 

2014 at the EPA facility in Research 

Triangle Park, NC. 

ADDRESSES: Comments. Submit your 

comments, identified by Docket ID No. 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696, by one of 

the following methods: 

• http://www.regulations.gov: Follow 

the online instructions for submitting 

comments. 

• Email: a-and-r-docket@epa.gov, 

Attention Docket ID Number EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2013–0696. 

• Fax: (202) 566–9744, Attention 

Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2013– 

0696. 

• Mail: U.S. Postal Service, send 

comments to: EPA Docket Center, 

William J. Clinton (WJC) West Building, 

Attention Docket ID Number EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2013–0696, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Mail code: 28221T, 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC 20460. Please include a 

total of two copies. 

• Hand Delivery: U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, WJC West Building 

(Air Docket), Room 3334, 1301 

Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, 

DC, 20004, Attention Docket ID Number 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696. Such 

deliveries are only accepted during the 

Docket’s normal hours of operation, and 

special arrangements should be made 

for deliveries of boxed information. 

Instructions. Direct your comments to 

Docket ID Number EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2013–0696. The EPA’s policy is that all 

comments received will be included in 

the public docket without change and 

may be made available online at http:// 

www.regulations.gov, including any 

personal information provided, unless 

the comment includes information 

claimed to be Confidential Business 

Information (CBI) or other information 

whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 

Do not submit information that you 

consider to be CBI or otherwise 

protected through http://

www.regulations.gov or email. The 

http://www.regulations.gov Web site is 

an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which 

means the EPA will not know your 

identity or contact information unless 

you provide it in the body of your 

comment. If you send an email 

comment directly to the EPA without 

going through http://

www.regulations.gov, your email 

address will be automatically captured 

and included as part of the comment 

that is placed in the public docket and 

made available on the Internet. If you 

submit an electronic comment, the EPA 

recommends that you include your 

name and other contact information in 

the body of your comment and with any 

disk or CD–ROM you submit. If the EPA 

cannot read your comment due to 

technical difficulties and cannot contact 

you for clarification, the EPA may not 

be able to consider your comment. 

Electronic files should not include 

special characters or any form of 

encryption and be free of any defects or 

viruses. For additional information 

about the EPA’s public docket, visit the 

EPA Docket Center homepage at: http:// 

www.epa.gov/epahome/dockets. 

Docket: The EPA has established a 

docket for this rulemaking under Docket 

ID Number EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696. 

All documents in the docket are listed 

in the regulations.gov index. Although 

listed in the index, some information is 

not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. Certain other 

material, such as copyrighted material, 

is not placed on the Internet and will be 

publicly available only in hard copy. 

Publicly available docket materials are 

available either electronically in 

regulations.gov or in hard copy at the 

EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, 

Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. 

NW., Washington, DC 20004. The Public 

Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 

4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

excluding legal holidays. The telephone 

number for the Public Reading Room is 

(202) 566–1744, and the telephone 

number for the EPA Docket Center is 

(202) 566–1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

questions about this proposed action, 

contact Ms. Candace Sorrell, Office of 

Air Quality Planning and Standards, Air 

Quality Assessment Division (AQAD), 

Measurement Technology Group, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 

27709; telephone number: (919) 541– 

1064; fax number: (919) 541–0516; 

email address: sorrell.candace@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Organization of this Document. The 

information in this preamble is 

organized as follows: 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

B. Where can I get a copy of this document 

and other related information? 

C. What should I consider as I prepare my 

comments for the EPA? 

II. Background 

III. Summary of Proposed Performance 

Specification 18 

A. What is the purpose of PS–18? 

B. Who must comply with PS–18? 

C. When must I comply with PS–18? 

D. What are the basic requirements of PS– 

18? 

E. What are the reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements for PS–18? 

IV. Summary of Proposed Procedure 6 

A. What is the purpose of Procedure 6? 

B. Who must comply with Procedure 6? 

C. When must I comply with Procedure 6? 

D. What are the basic requirements of 

Procedure 6? 

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E. What are the reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements for 

Procedure 6? 

V. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed 

Requirements of Performance 

Specification 18 and Procedure 6 

A. What information did we use to develop 

PS–18 and Procedure 6? 

B. How did we select the requirements for 

PS–18 and Procedure 6? 

C. Solicitation for Comment 

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 

Concerning Regulations That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions 

To Address Environmental Justice in 

Minority Populations and Low-Income 

Populations 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

The major entities that would 

potentially be affected by the proposed 

performance specification 18 (PS–18) 

and the quality assurance (QA) 

requirements of Procedure 6 for gaseous 

hydrogen chloride (HCl) continuous 

emission monitoring systems (CEMS) 

are those entities that are required to 

install a new CEMS, relocate an existing 

CEMS, or replace an existing CEMS 

under any applicable subpart of 40 CFR 

parts 60, 61 or 63. Table 1 of this 

preamble lists the current federal rules 

by subpart and the corresponding 

source categories to which the proposed 

PS–18 and Procedure 6 potentially 

would apply. 

TABLE 1—SOURCE CATEGORIES THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO PS–18 AND PROCEDURE 6 

Subpart(s) Source category 

40 CFR part 60 

Subpart F ........................................................................... Portland Cement Plants. 

Subpart Da ......................................................................... Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Utility, Industrial-Commercial-Institutional, and Small Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units. 

40 CFR part 63 

Subpart LLL ........................................................................ Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry. 

Subpart UUUUU ................................................................. Coal- and Oil-fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units. 

The requirements of the proposed PS– 

18 and Procedure 6 may also apply to 

stationary sources located in a state, 

district, reservation or territory that 

adopts PS–18 or Procedure 6 in its 

implementation plan. 

Should PS–18 and Procedure 6 

ultimately be finalized, we plan to 

amend 40 CFR part 63 subpart UUUUU, 

National Emission Standards for 

Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oilfired Electric Utility Steam Generating 

Units to offer PS–18 and Procedure 6 as 

an alternative to PS–15 for continuous 

monitoring of HCl. Note, however, that 

the alternative test method approval 

process of 63.7(f) is already available, 

even without any regulatory 

amendment, as a way for affected 

facilities to request approval to use PS– 

18/Procedure 6 in lieu of PS–15. 

With regard to 40 CFR part 63, 

Subpart LLL which affects Portland 

cement manufacturing facilities and 

includes HCl monitoring requirements, 

should PS–18 and Procedure 6 be 

finalized, no amendments will be 

needed as Subpart LLL already allows 

for use of any promulgated performance 

specification for HCl CEMS in 40 CFR 

part 60, Appendix B. 

Table 2 lists the corresponding North 

American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS) codes for the source 

categories listed in Table 1 of this 

preamble. 

TABLE 2—NAICS FOR POTENTIALLY REGULATED ENTITIES

Industry NAICS Codes 

Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units ............................................................................................................. 327310 a 921150 

Portland Cement Manufacturing Plants ......................................................................................................................................... 327310 

a Industry in Indian Country. 

Tables 1 and 2 are not intended to be 

exhaustive, but rather they provide a 

guide for readers regarding entities 

potentially affected by this action. If you 

have any questions regarding the 

potential applicability of the proposed 

PS–18 and test procedures (Procedure 6) 

to a particular entity, consult the person 

listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT section. 

B. Where can I get a copy of this 

document and other related 

information? 

In addition to being available in the 

docket, an electronic copy of this action 

is available on the Internet through the 

EPA’s Technology Transfer Network 

(TTN) Web site, a forum for information 

and technology exchange in various 

areas of air pollution control. Following 

signature by the EPA Administrator, the 

EPA will post a copy of this proposed 

action on the TTN’s policy and 

guidance page for newly proposed or 

promulgated rules at: http://

www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3pfpr.html. 

Following publication in the Federal 

Register, the EPA will post the signed 

proposal and key technical documents 

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on the project Web site: http://

www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/proposed.html. 

C. What should I consider as I prepare 

my comments for the EPA? 

1. Submitting CBI 

Do not submit information containing 

CBI to the EPA through http://

www.regulations.gov or email. Clearly 

mark the part or all of the information 

that you claim to be CBI. For CBI 

information on a disk or CD–ROM that 

you will mail to the EPA, mark the 

outside of the disk or CD–ROM as CBI 

and then identify electronically within 

the disk or CD–ROM the specific 

information that is claimed as CBI. In 

addition to one complete version of the 

comments that includes information 

claimed as CBI, you must submit a copy 

of the comments that does not contain 

the information claimed as CBI for 

inclusion in the public docket. If you 

submit a CD–ROM or disk that does not 

contain CBI, mark the outside of the 

disk or CD–ROM clearly that it does not 

contain CBI. Information not marked as 

CBI will be included in the public 

docket and the EPA’s electronic public 

docket without prior notice. Information 

marked as CBI will not be disclosed 

except in accordance with procedures 

set forth in 40 Code of Federal 

Regulations (CFR) part 2. Send or 

deliver information identified as CBI 

only to the following address: Roberto 

Morales, OAQPS Document Control 

Officer (C404–02), OAQPS, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 

27711, Attention Docket ID Number 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696. 

2. Tips for Preparing Your Comments 

When submitting comments, 

remember to: 

• Identify the rulemaking by docket 

number and other identifying 

information (subject heading, Federal 

Register date and page number). 

• Follow directions. Respond to 

specific questions and organize 

comments by a section number. 

• Explain why you agree or disagree; 

suggest alternatives and substitute 

language for your requested changes. 

• Describe any assumptions and 

provide any technical information and/ 

or data that you used. 

• If you estimate potential costs or 

burdens, explain how you arrived at 

your estimate in sufficient detail to 

allow for it to be reproduced. 

• Provide specific examples to 

illustrate your concerns and suggest 

alternatives. 

• Explain your views as clearly as 

possible, avoiding the use of profanity 

or personal threats or character 

assassination. 

• Make sure to submit your 

comments by the comment period 

deadline. 

II. Background 

The EPA recently promulgated the 

Portland Cement Maximum Achievable 

Control Technology (MACT) rule (75 FR 

54970, September 9, 2010; 78 FR 10006, 

February 12, 2013) and the Mercury and 

Air Toxics Standards (MATS) rule (77 

FR 9303, February 16, 2012; 78 FR 

24075, April 24, 2013). Both rules 

specify the use of extractive Fourier 

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 

and PS–15 when affected facilities opt 

or are required to continuously measure 

HCl emissions. To facilitate use of 

alternative technologies to FTIR and aid 

in measuring the low levels of HCl 

specified in those rules the EPA has 

developed and is proposing these new 

specifications and quality control (QC) 

procedures (PS–18 and Procedure 6) for 

HCl CEMS as an alternative to the use 

of PS–15. 

Multiple technologies are available for 

HCl emissions monitoring. The goals of 

the proposed PS–18 and Procedure 6 are 

(1) to allow for the use of different HCl 

CEMS sampling and analytical 

technologies as long as the required 

performance criteria set out in the 

performance specification (PS) are met; 

and (2) to establish consistent 

requirements for ensuring and assessing 

the quality of data measured by HCl 

CEMS. 

III. Summary of Proposed Performance 

Specification 18 

A. What is the purpose of PS–18? 

Proposed PS–18 establishes the 

criteria to evaluate acceptable 

performance of HCl CEMS at the time of 

installation or soon after and when 

regulations require reevaluation of HCl 

CEMS performance. 

B. Who must comply with PS–18? 

You may comply with PS–18 as an 

alternative to other HCl CEMS 

performance specifications (e.g., PS–15) 

allowed under an applicable subpart if 

you use CEMS to monitor HCl emissions 

from controlled and uncontrolled 

emission sources subject to HCl CEMS 

requirements under a part 60, 61 or 63 

regulation. 

C. When must I comply with PS–18? 

If you are the owner or operator of 

existing facilities required to install HCl 

CEMS in compliance with an associated 

rule, regulation or permit, you must 

comply with PS–18 if you choose and 

have these specifications approved as an 

alternative to other PS required under 

an applicable subpart [e.g., PS–15]. 

Equipment and supplies for HCl CEMS 

will vary depending on the 

measurement technology and 

equipment vendors. If you are the owner 

or operator of affected HCl CEMS at new 

stationary sources, you must comply 

with either the HCl CEMS PS [e.g., PS– 

15] required by the associated rule or 

permit or PS–18 as an approved 

alternative when you install and place 

into operation the affected HCl CEMS. 

D. What are the basic requirements of 

PS–18? 

The proposed PS–18 would require 

owners and operators subject to HCl 

CEMS requirements to: (1) Select an HCl 

CEMS that satisfies basic equipment 

control criteria; (2) install your HCl 

CEMS according to the manufacturer’s 

specifications and the requirements set 

out in PS–18; (3) verify that the 

instrument is functioning properly; (4) 

calibrate and standardize your 

equipment; and (5) perform PS–18 

procedures that demonstrate initial 

performance requirements for the HCl 

CEMS. A summary of the basic 

requirements is presented below. 

1. HCl CEMS Equipment Selection 

As noted in section III.C, PS–18 

equipment and supplies for HCl CEMS 

can and will vary depending on the 

measurement technology and 

equipment vendors you select. The 

proposed PS–18 describes the typical 

key equipment and supply components 

found in one or more types of HCl 

CEMS. Extractive HCl CEMS typically 

include a sample extraction system, 

sample conditioning module, HCl 

analyzer, diluent analyzer, system 

controller, data recorder, reference gas 

system and moisture measurement 

system. Hydrogen chloride integrated 

path-CEMS (HCl IP–CEMS) typically 

include source temperature and 

pressure monitors and an optical 

transmitter and receiver with or without 

optics to generate longer measurement 

paths in the emission stream. 

The proposed PS–18 defines the 

differing HCl CEMS equipment 

components and specifies design/

operation basic criteria for the differing 

equipment components. For example, 

(1) for reference gas systems, PS–18 

specifies that, for extractive CEMS, the 

system must be designed to be able to 

introduce reference gas flow sufficient 

to flood the sampling probe and prevent 

entry of gas from the effluent stream; 

and (2) for sample conditioning that, 

you must operate the module in such a 

way as to keep the particle-free gas 

sample above the modules, PS–18 

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specifies dew point temperature of its 

components. For HCl IP–CEMS, you 

must operate and qualify equipment to 

measure source gas temperature and 

pressure. 

2. CEMS Measurement Location 

Specifications and Pretest Preparation 

After you have selected the 

appropriate HCl CEMS for your 

operations, the proposed PS–18 requires 

that you install the system according to 

the manufacturer’s specifications and as 

specified under section 8.0 of PS–18. 

The proposed PS–18 requires that you 

install the CEMS at an accessible 

location where the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate 

measurements are directly 

representative of the HCl emissions or 

can be corrected to be representative of 

the emissions from the affected facility. 

With regards to HCl CEMS emissions 

measurement location, the proposed 

PS–18 specifies that it should be (1) at 

least two equivalent diameters 

downstream of the nearest control 

device, point of pollution generation or 

other point at which a change of 

pollutant concentration may occur; and 

(2) at least half an equivalent diameter 

(calculated according to Method 1 in 

Appendix A–1 to part 60) upstream 

from the effluent exhaust. We are 

soliciting comment on alternative 

measurement location requirements in 

this preamble (see section V.C of this 

preamble). 

3. HCl CEMS Measurement Range 

After installation, the proposed PS–18 

recommends that you check, record and 

document the continuous emissions 

measurement range of the HCl CEMS to 

verify that the instrument is functioning 

correctly. Performance Specification 18 

requires that the data collection device 

output range include zero and the upper 

limit of the measurement range. 

4. HCl CEMS Performance Requirements 

and Procedures 

After you have installed, set up, 

verified, and calibrated your HCl CEMS, 

the proposed PS–18 requires that you 

follow specified performance tests and 

procedures for the initial demonstration 

of your HCl CEMS and subsequent 

performance evaluations of your HCl 

CEMS. In general, the proposed PS–18 

requires that: (1) Technology used to 

measure gaseous HCl provides a distinct 

response (DR) and addresses any 

appropriate interference correction(s); 

(2) the relative accuracy (RA) be 

established against a reference method 

(RM); and (3) dynamic spiking (DS) into 

the CEMS using a National Institute of 

Standards and Technology (NIST) 

traceable standard may be required to 

demonstrate initial performance at 

sources with emissions near the 

detection level of the CEMS and for 

ongoing QA tests. Specific proposed 

PS–18 test procedures are outlined 

below. 

• Interference Test. You must test to 

detect analyzer responses to 

interferences not adequately accounted 

for in the calibration procedure that may 

cause measurement bias. The combined 

interference response for the analyzer 

used for the test must not be greater 

than ± 3.0 percent of the equivalent HCl 

concentration used for the interference 

test. 

• Beam Intensity Test for Integrated 

Patch CEMS (IP–CEMS). For IP–CEMS, 

you must establish the light attenuation 

tolerance of your system and 

demonstrate that the HCl response is 

independent of the beam intensity. The 

percent difference during the attenuated 

light calibration check must not be more 

than ± 3.0 percent of the measured 

concentration with no attenuation used 

for the test. 

• Temperature Measurement 

Verification Procedure for IP–CEMS. 

You must perform a temperature 

verification test as part of initial 

installation and verification procedures 

for an IP–CEMS. Temperature 

measurement must agree with a NIST 

traceable calibrated temperature 

measuring device within 2.8 °C (5.0 °F). 

• Pressure Measurement Verification 

Test for IP–CEMS. You must conduct a 

pressure measurement verification test 

if you have an IP–CEMS. Your pressure 

monitor must agree with a NIST 

traceable calibrated measurement device 

within ± 5 percent or ≤ 0.12 kilopascals 

(0.5 inches of water column), whichever 

is greater. For stack pressure 

verification, you should select a gauge 

or monitor that conforms to the design 

requirements of American Society of 

Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard 

B40.100–2010, ‘‘Pressure Gauges and 

Gauge Attachments’’ (incorporated by 

reference, see § 60.17). 

• Level of Detection (LOD) 

Determination. You must determine the 

minimum amount of HCl that can be 

detected above the background in an 

HCl-free representative gas matrix (the 

LOD). If you choose to perform the LOD 

determination test in a controlled 

environment, you must verify the LOD 

during the initial field certification test 

using the DS test procedure (included in 

Appendix A of the PS). You must make 

three independent DS measurements at 

no more than five times the LOD for the 

detection level verification. If you 

cannot detect the DS HCl at the 

estimated LOD, you must increase the 

spike concentration incrementally until 

you establish a field verified detection 

level where the HCl measurement is a 

minimum of three times the noise for 

zero HCL concentration. The field 

verified detection level would replace 

the controlled environment LOD and 

would become the site- or installationspecific LOD. 

• Response Time (RT) Determination. 

You must determine the average upscale 

and downscale response time as the 

response time for the system (the RT). 

This is the time it takes for the 

measurement system, while operating 

normally, to respond to a known step 

change in gas concentration (from a lowor zero-level to high-level gas 

concentration or vice versa). Stable RT 

measurements are made when measured 

HCl concentration is within five percent 

of the spike gas concentration (i.e., the 

measurements must meet the ± 5 

percent calibration error requirement; 

see below). 

• Calibration Error (CE) Test. The CE 

test is the mean difference between the 

HCl calibration gas value and the CEMS 

response at each calibration point 

expressed as a percentage of the span. 

The CE of your HCl CEMS must be less 

than five percent. 

• Seven-Day Calibration Drift (CD) 

Test. Prior to conducting an RA test on 

your HCl CEMS, you must perform a 7- 

day CD test. The purpose of the 7-day 

CD test is to verify the ability of the 

CEMS to maintain calibration for each 

of seven, 24-hour periods. The zerolevel and high-level drift for each day 

must be less than five percent of the 

span value. You must pass each day’s 

drift checks for seven days to meet this 

requirement and each drift check must 

be recorded and reported for the 7-day 

drift check test. 

• RA Test. You must determine the 

RA for your HCl CEMS. As noted above, 

the RA must be established against an 

RM. The RA is the absolute mean 

difference between the gas 

concentration determined by the CEMS 

and the value determined by the RM, 

plus the 2.5 percent error confidence 

coefficient of a series of tests divided by 

the average of the RM or the applicable 

emission standard. 

E. What are the reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements for PS–18? 

The proposed PS–18 specifies 

requirements to record and report 

supporting data for test procedures and 

calculations set out in PS–18. For 

example, for systems that use a gas 

blender and/or liquid evaporative 

calibrator to deliver HCl gas standards, 

PS–18 requires that you record and 

report supporting data for these devices, 

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including liquid feed calibrations, 

liquid standard(s) concentration, feed 

rate and gas flow calibrations for all 

diluent and HCl gas flows. The 

proposed PS–18 also requires that you 

record and report summaries (in tabular 

form) of the results of CD tests, linearity 

tests, RT tests, CE tests, RA tests and 

optional spike recovery procedures. 

Additionally, the proposed PS–18 

requires that you record and report 

supporting dilution system data and 

LOD and system limitation verification 

data for installed HCl CEMS. 

IV. Summary of Proposed Procedure 6 

A. What is the purpose of Procedure 6? 

This proposed procedure specifies the 

minimum QA requirements necessary 

for the control and assessment of the 

quality of CEMS data submitted to the 

EPA. The proposed Procedure 6 would 

have two distinct and important 

purposes. First, the procedure would 

assess the quality of the HCl CEMS data 

produced by estimating accuracy. 

Second, the procedure would assist in 

the control and improvement of the 

quality of the CEMS data by 

implementing QC policies and 

corrective actions. Both of these 

purposes work together to ensure that 

data quality is acceptable. 

B. Who must comply with Procedure 6? 

Under the proposed Procedure 6, if 

you are responsible for one or more 

CEMS used for HCl compliance 

monitoring, you would be required to 

meet the minimum requirements of 

Procedure 6 and are encouraged to 

develop and implement a more 

extensive QA program or to continue 

such programs where they already exist. 

The proposed Procedure 6 would apply 

to any HCl CEMS that is subject to PS– 

18. That is, if you are required under an 

applicable subpart to parts 60, 61, or 63 

to install and operate an HCl CEMS and 

you choose to comply with PS–18, you 

would be subject to both PS–18 and 

Procedure 6. 

C. When must I comply with Procedure 

6? 

If you are the owner or operator of an 

affected HCl CEMS, you must comply 

with Procedure 6 when you install and 

place into operation an HCl CEMS that 

is subject to PS–18 or when an existing 

HCl CEMS becomes subject to PS–18. 

D. What are the basic requirements of 

Procedure 6? 

Requirements are based on proposed 

PS–18. Procedure 6 includes 

requirements for: (1) QC plan; (2) daily 

quality, calibration and measurement 

standardization procedures; and (3) data 

accuracy assessment. A summary of the 

proposed basic requirements is 

presented below. 

1. Quality Control Plan 

The proposed Procedure 6 requires 

that you develop and implement a QC 

plan that includes written procedures 

and manufacturer’s information 

describing in detail complete, step-bystep measures that ensure quality data. 

The QC plan must cover procedures and 

operations for specified activities (e.g., 

CD checks of HCl CEMS, HCl IP–CEMS 

emission source temperature and 

pressure accuracy). Records of these 

written procedures must be maintained 

and available for inspection by 

enforcement agencies. The proposed 

Procedure 6 requires either revising the 

QC plan or modifying or replacing the 

CEMS when quality control failures 

occur for two consecutive quarters. 

2. Daily Quality Requirements, 

Calibration and Measurement 

Procedures 

• CD Assessment. You are required to 

check, record and quantify the CD at 

two concentration values at least once 

daily in accordance with the method 

prescribed by the manufacturer. The 

HCl CEMS calibration must, at a 

minimum, be adjusted whenever the 

daily zero (or low-level) CD or daily 

high-level CD exceeds two times the 

drift limits of the applicable 

performance specification (e.g., PS–18). 

• Beam Intensity Requirement for HCl 

IP–CEMS. You must check, record and 

quantify the beam intensity of your IP– 

CEMS at least once daily according to 

manufacturer’s specifications and 

procedures. If the HCl CEMS is out-ofcontrol (the beam intensity falls outside 

of the operation range determined by 

section 11.2 of the proposed PS–18 of 

part 60), you must take the necessary 

corrective action and verify that the 

issue has been corrected (i.e., by 

documenting and reporting the results 

of the quality control check procedure 

following corrective action showing the 

CEMS to be operating within 

specifications). 

• CEMS Data Status During Out-ofControl Period. Procedure 6 requires 

that CEMS data obtained during out-ofcontrol periods not be used when 

calculating compliance with an 

emissions limit or counted toward 

meeting minimum data availability 

requirements under an applicable 

regulation or permit. 

3. Data Accuracy Assessment 

Procedure 6 requires a weekly ‘‘above 

span linearity’’ challenge of the 

monitoring system with a certified 

calibration value greater than your 

highest expected hourly concentration. 

The ‘‘above span’’ reference gas must be 

introduced to the measurement system 

at the probe. You must record and 

report the results of this procedure as 

you would for a daily calibration. The 

‘‘above span linearity’’ challenge must 

fall within 10 percent of the certified 

value of the reference gas. 

• Temperature and Pressure 

Accuracy Assessment. Procedure 6 

requires temperature and pressure 

accuracy verification for HCl IP–CEMS. 

The accuracy of the temperature and 

pressure measurement systems in each 

HCl IP–CEMS and stack pressure 

readings used with IP–CEMS data need 

to be verified and recorded at least once 

each calendar quarter (according to 

procedures in section 11.3 of the 

proposed PS–18). Procedure 6 also 

requires that measurement instruments 

or devices used to conduct verification 

of temperature or pressure measurement 

have an accuracy that is traceable to 

NIST. If the temperature and pressure 

verification exceeds criteria specified in 

the procedure that indicates that the 

HCl IP–CEMS is out-of-control, you 

need to take the necessary corrective 

action to eliminate the problem and 

verify that it has been corrected by 

repeating the failed verification (i.e., by 

documenting and reporting the results 

of the audit following corrective action 

showing the CEMS to be operating 

within specifications). 

• Concentration Accuracy Auditing 

Requirements. Procedure 6 requires that 

the accuracy of each HCl CEMS be 

audited at least once each calendar 

quarter by a relative accuracy test audit 

(RATA), DS audit (DSA), a cylinder gas 

audit (CGA) or other acceptable 

alternative approved by the 

Administrator. Hydrogen chloride audit 

gases are required to be NIST certified 

or NIST-traceable. Procedure 6 also 

requires a RATA to be conducted at 

least once every four calendar quarters 

unless the affected facility is off-line. 

Procedure 6 would require the analysis 

of RM audit samples, if they are 

available, concurrently with RM tests as 

specified in the general provisions of 

the applicable part (i.e., based on the 

part [i.e., part 60, 61, or 63] that contains 

the subpart that requires the owner or 

operator to install and operate an HCl 

CEMS). 

• Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. 

Procedure 6 requires corrective actions 

to eliminate problem(s) when the CEMS 

is out-of-control. The procedure also 

requires that you verify that you have 

eliminated the problem(s) by 

documenting and reporting the results 

of the audit following corrective action 

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showing the CEMS to be operating 

within specifications. For purposes of 

excessive audit inaccuracy, a CEMS is 

considered out-of-control when (1) RA 

is greater than 20 percent of the RM 

when RMavg is used in the denominator 

to determine RA or greater than 15 

percent when the equivalent emission 

standard value in parts per million by 

volume wet (ppmvw) is used in the 

denominator to determine RA; (2) the 

RA of the DSA is greater than 15 percent 

if the average spike value is used to 

determine RA or greater than 20 percent 

of the applicable emission standard if 

the emission standard is used to 

determine RA; or (3) the error 

determined by the CGA is greater than 

five percent of span. Procedure 6 

proposes that CEMS data collected 

during out-of-control periods not be 

used in calculating compliance with 

emission limits nor be counted towards 

meeting minimum data availability 

requirements under an applicable 

regulation or permit. 

• Criteria for Acceptable QC 

Procedures. In situations where a CEMS 

experiences excessive audit 

inaccuracies for two consecutive 

quarters, the proposed procedure 

requires that you revise your QC 

procedures, or modify or replace your 

CEMS. 

• Criteria for Optional QA Test 

Frequency. The proposed Procedure 6 

specifies that, if a CEMS is determined 

to be in-control for eight consecutive 

quarters that include a minimum of two 

RATA, you may revise your auditing 

procedures to use CGA or DSA each 

quarter for eight subsequent quarters. 

Under this scenario, you would only be 

required to perform a RATA that meets 

the acceptance criteria once every two 

years. If a CEMS fails a RATA, CGA, or 

DSA, you would need to revert to the 

original auditing schedule until the 

audit results meet in-control criteria to 

start re-qualifying for the optional QA 

test frequency again. 

• Calculations for CEMS Data 

Accuracy. The proposed Procedure 6 

specifies RA, CGA accuracy and DSA 

accuracy calculation requirements. 

E. What are the reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements for 

Procedure 6? 

The proposed Procedure 6 would 

require that if you own or operate an 

affected HCl CEMS, you must report for 

each CEMS the accuracy and CD 

assessment results as a Data Assessment 

Report (DAR) (an example of a DAR 

format is provided in Procedure 6; 

section 9.0, Figure 1). At a minimum, 

the DAR must contain source owner and 

operator information; identification and 

location of monitors in the CEMS; 

manufacturer and model number of 

each monitor in the CEMS; assessment 

of CEMS data accuracy; and date of 

assessment. The DAR is required to be 

submitted with the report of emissions 

required under the applicable regulation 

or permit that requires continuous 

emission monitoring. 

V. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed 

Requirements of Performance 

Specification 18 and Procedure 6 

A. What information did we use to 

develop PS–18 and Procedure 6? 

To develop proposed PS–18 and 

Procedure 6, we considered the 

requirements of emission standards 

promulgated under 40 CFR parts 60, 61 

and 63; state agency requirements for 

CEMS; manufacturer and vendor 

recommendations; and current 

operational and design practices in the 

industry. As part of this consideration, 

the EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning 

and Standards (OAQPS) gathered 

information from instrument and gas 

vendors, affected facilities, testers and 

regulatory bodies with experience 

performing continuous measurements of 

HCl from stationary sources. 

Concurrent with the EPA’s OAQPS’ 

information gathering efforts, the EPA’s 

Office of Research and Development 

(ORD) conducted research to establish 

additional data to support the new 

performance specification and QA test 

procedures. As part of the EPA’s ORD’s 

research efforts, they evaluated 

commercial HCl CEMS under controlled 

and representative emission 

environments, the suitability of 

candidate RMs and the status and 

quality of available gas standards. The 

ORD focused their testing research on 

interference tests, LOD tests, 7-day drift, 

linearity, RATAs and DS. 

B. How did we select the requirements 

for PS–18 and Procedure 6? 

Generally, the basic requirements 

proposed under PS–18 and Procedure 6 

for calibration error, calibration drift, 

RATA, and cylinder gas audit agreement 

are consistent with other CEMS 

performance specifications. The 

proposed LOD requirements are based 

on an adequate safety margin so that 

equipment can measure quantitatively 

at the compliance limit. The proposed 

DS requirements are consistent with 

other RM recovery requirements (e.g., 

EPA Method 320, EPA Method 18). The 

above-span calibration and linearity 

requirements proposed are based on the 

PS–12 precedent used for mercury 

CEMS. 

During the development of the 

proposed PS–18 and Procedure 6, we 

evaluated all options and attempted to 

develop the most appropriate 

performance specifications and 

procedures based on available 

information, testing and feedback from 

vendors and industry regarding the use 

of HCl CEMS. Although we believe this 

proposal includes the most appropriate 

HCl CEMS performance specifications 

and procedures (for use as an alternative 

to PS–15 for HCl CEMS), we are 

soliciting comment on several issues 

provided in paragraph V.C of this 

preamble. 

C. Solicitation for Comment 

1. Performance Specification 18 Topics 

a. Integrated Path (IP–CEMS) Line 

Strength Factor 

Calibration error procedures proposed 

for IP–CEMS in PS–18 require 

correcting for calibration cell path 

length, temperature, pressure, line 

strength factor (LSM) and, if necessary, 

the native source gas HCl concentration 

when you calculate the stack equivalent 

concentration of the HCl gas measured 

in your calibration cell. The proposed 

specification allows the use of the line 

LSM provided by the instrument 

manufacturer or an instrument-specific 

LSM experimentally determined using a 

heated gas cell at effective gas 

concentrations equivalent to between 50 

and 150 percent of the emission limit. 

We are soliciting comment on 

approaches used by IP instrument 

vendors to determine LSM and data 

showing the effect of LSM on the 

accuracy of the stack equivalent 

concentration calculation. 

b. Optical Measurement Path Length 

Determination 

An IP–CEMS measures the gas 

concentration along an open optical 

path across the stack or duct cross 

section. Specifically, for IP–CEMS, 

measurement path is the distance of the 

optical path that passes through the 

source gas in the stack or duct 

correcting for ports, standoffs, and 

extensions or CEM-specific optical path 

length alterations. The optical 

measurement path length must be 

measured and not based on engineering 

diagrams. We are requesting information 

on procedures currently available to 

measure the optical path length for IP 

monitors that will result in an accuracy 

of at least ± 1 percent. (See PS–1 of 

Appendix B to Part 60 (Specifications 

and Test Procedures for Continuous 

Opacity Monitoring Systems in 

Stationary Sources); section 8.1.) 

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c. Alternative CEMS Probe Placement 

Locations 

Section 8.3 of the proposed PS–18 

specifies HCl measurement location 

requirements downstream of the control 

device, point of pollution generation or 

other point at which a change of 

pollutant concentration may occur and 

upstream of the exhaust. We are seeking 

comment and supporting data on 

alternative probe placement locations 

such as in the breeching of the stack 

(i.e., in the exhaust duct or pipe that 

leads from the stack) that pass the 

RATA requirements. 

2. Appendix F Procedure 6 Topics 

a. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on 

HCl Concentration Determination 

During DS Measurements 

We provided options in Appendix F 

Procedure 6 for initial and ongoing 

quality control using DS for IP–CEMS. 

The procedure to perform DS is 

described in Appendix A of PS–18. For 

IP–CEMS, dynamic spiking is a standard 

addition procedure where you spike a 

known concentration of HCl gas into a 

calibration cell. You are required to 

assess the accurate recovery of HCl 

introduced into the measurement 

system in the presence of potential 

interference from the flue gas sample 

matrix. The measurement involves 

recording the combined optical signal 

from HCl in the calibration cell at 

ambient temperature and HCl in the 

stack at elevated temperature. The 

combination of HCl absorbance at two 

different temperatures would create 

hybrid spectra features of both 

temperatures. Based on our evaluation, 

we understand there can be as much as 

a 10 percent difference line shape/area 

used for IP measurements between 

instrument operating temperature near 

20°C and typical stack temperatures up 

to 250°C. We are requesting comment on 

procedures that can be used to 

determine the concentration when IP 

calibration cells contain HCl at ambient 

temperature (approximately 20°C) or the 

need to heat the calibration cell to a 

specific temperature during DS 

measurements that include absorbance 

for both stack gas (HCl) at elevated 

temperature and ambient temperature 

calibration cell HCl. 

b. Use of Dynamic Spiking 

The proposed PS–18 and Procedure 6 

require that you audit the accuracy of 

each HCl CEMS at least once each 

calendar quarter (except the quarter the 

RATA is conducted) by a DSA, a CGA 

or other acceptable alternative. 

Appendix A to the proposed PS–18 

describes the procedure and 

performance requirements for DS as a 

quality check for HCl CEMS. We are 

proposing this option as one of three 

alternatives to a RATA in three of the 

four quarterly QA checks required in 

Procedure 6. We are soliciting comment 

on our proposal and data on the use of 

periodic DS as an alternative to the use 

of a CGA. 

c. Alternative QA for Low Level RM 

RATA Measurements 

We are proposing a mandatory RATA 

with the appropriate RM during initial 

demonstration and periodically 

thereafter. We are also soliciting 

comment and data on alternative or 

additional QA that should be performed 

when the stack HCl concentration is 

below the RM quantitation limit. 

d. Long-Term Quality Control Under 

Procedure 6 

The proposed Appendix F to part 60 

(Quality Assurance Procedure 6) 

requires a RATA at least once every four 

calendar quarters, except in the case 

where the affected facility is off-line 

(does not operate in the fourth calendar 

quarter since the quarter of the previous 

RATA). Section 5.5 of the procedure 

specifies that if the CEMS is in-control 

for eight consecutive quarters that 

include a minimum of two RATA, you 

may revise your auditing procedures to 

use CGA or DSA each quarter for eight 

subsequent quarters, but you must 

perform at least one RATA and 

demonstrate that the source meets the 

acceptance criteria every 2 years. We are 

requesting comments and data on 

alternative grace periods allowed 

between required RATAs when your 

audits demonstrate that the source has 

been in-control long-term under 

Procedure 6. 

e. Method 205 to Generate Cylinder Gas 

Audit Concentrations for Quarterly 

Audits 

Section 7.3 (Reagents and Standards) 

of the proposed PS–18 allows the use of 

diluted high concentration HCl 

standards to achieve the HCl gas 

concentrations required in PS–18 as 

long as you follow Method 205 or other 

procedures approved by the 

Administrator. We are soliciting 

comment and data comparing the 

uncertainty of gases generated by 

dilution using Method 205 to the 

tolerance allowed for cylinder gas audits 

in section 5.2.2.3 of Procedure 6 

proposed for 40 CFR part 60, Appendix 

F. 

f. Direct Instrument Cell Calibration 

Checks 

As noted previously, for extractive 

CEMS, DS involves adding a known 

concentration of HCl gas at a known 

flow rate into the probe sample gas 

stream to assess the ability of the 

measurement system to recover and 

accurately measure HCl in the presence 

of potential interference from the flue 

gas matrix. We are considering an 

alternative that includes instrument 

calibration checks for extractive CEMS 

and request comment and supporting 

data on two topics related to calibration 

check procedures: (1) What is the 

feasibility of achieving DS accuracy to 

95 percent of the theoretical spike at the 

span concentration? and (2) If 

calibration checks are performed at the 

instrument for extractive CEMS, what is 

the accuracy of dynamic spike recovery? 

g. Using DS and Associated Acceptance 

Criteria as an Alternative to Daily 

Calibration Check for Quality Assurance 

Procedure 6 

Calibration drift is a quantitative 

assessment of whether your HCl CEMS 

measurements are in control. Checking 

calibration also allows the facility to 

reset the calibration and improve the 

consistency and quality of HCl CEMS 

data. We are considering using dynamic 

spiking as an alternative to direct 

cylinder gas assessment of calibration 

drift as a measure of QC for HCl CEMS. 

We are taking comment and data on the 

quantitative comparison of dynamic 

spike recovery results compared to CD 

results to determine if there are 

comparable criteria for DS to qualify as 

an alternative for CD tests. 

h. Moisture Measurements To Correct 

HCl Results 

Section 6.8 (Moisture Measurement 

System) of the proposed PS–18 

stipulates that, if correction of the 

measured HCl emissions for moisture is 

required, either Method 4 in Appendix 

A–3 of part 60 or other moisture 

measurement methods approved by the 

Administrator will be needed to 

measure stack gas moisture content. We 

are requesting comment/data on 

conditions or situations where 

continuous moisture measurements 

should be required to correct HCl results 

to the units of the standard, and where 

periodic Method 4 tests or equivalent is 

good enough on a periodic basis to 

define moisture for the entire duration 

between Method 4 tests. 

i. Other Initial or On-Going Procedures 

for IP–CEMS 

We are soliciting comment/data on 

other initial or on-going procedures for 

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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 93 / Wednesday, May 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 27697 

IP–CEMS not included in the proposal 

that are commonly performed and 

necessary to ensure data are of known 

and acceptable quality to demonstrate 

compliance. 

VI. Statutory and Executive Order 

Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

This action is not a ‘‘significant 

regulatory action’’ under the terms of 

Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, 

October 4, 1993) and is therefore not 

subject to review under Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821, 

January 21, 2011). 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act 

This action does not impose an 

information collection burden under the 

provisions of the Paperwork Reduction 

Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. Burden is 

defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b). This action 

provides performance criteria and QA 

test procedures for assessing the 

acceptability of HCl CEMS performance 

and data quality. These criteria and QA 

test procedures do not add information 

collection requirements beyond those 

currently required under the applicable 

regulation. 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

generally requires an agency to prepare 

a regulatory flexibility analysis of any 

rule subject to notice and comment 

rulemaking requirements under the 

Administrative Procedure Act or any 

other statute unless the agency certifies 

that the rule will not have a significant 

economic impact on a substantial 

number of small entities. Small entities 

include small businesses, small 

organizations, and small governmental 

jurisdictions. 

For purposes of assessing the impacts 

of this rule on small entities, small 

entity is defined as: (1) A small business 

as defined by the Small Business 

Administration’s regulations at 13 CFR 

121.201; (2) a small governmental 

jurisdiction that is a government of a 

city, county, town, school district or 

special district with a population of less 

than 50,000; and (3) a small 

organization that is any not-for-profit 

enterprise which is independently 

owned and operated and is not 

dominant in its field. 

After considering the economic 

impacts of this rule on small entities, I 

certify that this action will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

This proposed rule will not impose any 

requirements on small entities. We 

continue to be interested in the 

potential impacts of the proposed rule 

on small entities and welcome 

comments on issues related to such 

impacts. 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

This action contains no federal 

mandates under the provisions of Title 

II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform 

Act of 1995 (UMRA), 2 U.S.C. 1531– 

1538, for state, local or tribal 

governments or the public sector. This 

action imposes no enforceable duty on 

any state, local or tribal governments or 

the private sector. Therefore, this action 

is not subject to the requirements of 

sections 202 or 205 of UMRA. 

This action is also not subject to the 

requirements of section 203 of the 

UMRA because it contains no regulatory 

requirements that might significantly or 

uniquely affect small governments. This 

rule will not apply to such governments 

and will not impose any obligations 

upon them. 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

This action does not have federalism 

implications. It will not have substantial 

direct effects on the states, on the 

relationship between the national 

government and the states or on the 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities among the various 

levels of government, as specified in 

Executive Order 13132. Thus, Executive 

Order 13132 does not apply to this 

action. 

In the spirit of Executive Order 13132 

and consistent with EPA policy to 

promote communications between the 

EPA and state and local governments, 

the EPA specifically solicits comment 

on this proposed rule from state and 

local officials. 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

This action does not have tribal 

implications, as specified in Executive 

Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 

2000). This action proposes 

performance specifications that can be 

used as an additional option to PS–15 

for HCl continuous emissions 

monitoring. Thus, Executive Order 

13175 does not apply to this action. The 

EPA solicits additional comment on this 

proposed action from tribal officials. 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

The EPA interprets Executive Order 

13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) as 

applying only to regulatory actions that 

are based on health or safety risks, such 

that the analysis required under section 

5–501 of the Executive Order has the 

potential to influence the regulation. 

This action is not subject to Executive 

Order 13045 because it does not 

establish an environmental standard 

intended to mitigate health or safety 

risks. 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 

Concerning Regulations That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

This action is not subject to Executive 

Order 13211 (66 FR 28355 (May 22, 

2001)), because it is not a significant 

regulatory action under Executive Order 

12866. 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

Section 12(d) of the National 

Technology Transfer and Advancement 

Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104– 

113, 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs 

the EPA to use voluntary consensus 

standards (VCS) in its regulatory 

activities unless to do so would be 

inconsistent with applicable law or 

otherwise impractical. Voluntary 

consensus standards are technical 

standards (e.g., materials specifications, 

test methods, sampling procedures, and 

business practices) that are developed or 

adopted by VCS bodies. The NTTAA 

directs the EPA to provide Congress, 

through OMB, explanations when the 

agency decides not to use available and 

applicable VCS. This proposed rule 

does not involve technical standards. 

Therefore, the EPA is not considering 

the use of any voluntary consensus 

standards. 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal 

Actions To Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and 

Low-Income Populations 

Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, 

February 16, 1994) establishes federal 

executive policy on environmental 

justice. Its main provision directs 

federal agencies, to the greatest extent 

practicable and permitted by law, to 

make environmental justice part of their 

mission by identifying and addressing, 

as appropriate, disproportionately high 

and adverse human health or 

environmental effects of their programs, 

policies, and activities on minority 

populations and low-income 

populations in the United States. 

The EPA has determined that this 

proposed rule will not have 

disproportionately high and adverse 

human health or environmental effects 

on minority or low-income populations 

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27698 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 93 / Wednesday, May 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

because it does not affect the level of 

protection provided to human health or 

the environment. This proposed rule 

will help to ensure that emission control 

devices are operated properly and 

maintained as needed, thereby helping 

to ensure compliance with emission 

standards, which would benefit all 

affected populations. 

Performance Specification 18— 

Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Gaseous HCl Continuous Emission 

Monitoring Systems at Stationary 

Sources 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Continuous 

emission monitoring systems, Hydrogen 

chloride, Performance specifications, 

Test methods and procedures. 

Dated: April 30, 2014. 

Gina McCarthy, 

Administrator. 

For the reasons stated in the 

preamble, the Environmental Protection 

Agency proposes to amend title 40, 

chapter 1 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations as follows: 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 60 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C., 7401–7671q. 

■ 2. Appendix B is amended by adding 

Performance Specification 18 and 

Appendix A to Performance 

Specification 18 to read as follows: 

Appendix B to Part 60—Performance 

Specifications 

* * * * * 

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 18— 

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND 

TEST PROCEDURES FOR GASEOUS 

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCl) 

CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING 

SYSTEMS AT STATIONARY SOURCES 

1.0 Scope and Application. 

1.1 Analyte. This performance 

specification (PS) is applicable for measuring 

gaseous concentrations of hydrogen chloride 

(HCl), CAS: 7647–01–0, on a continuous 

basis in the units of the applicable standard 

or in units that can be converted to units of 

the applicable standard(s). 

1.2 Applicability. 

1.2.1 This specification is used to 

evaluate the acceptability of HCl continuous 

emission monitoring systems (CEMS) at the 

time of installation or soon after and when 

regulations require reevaluation of HCl CEMS 

performance. The specification includes 

requirements for initial acceptance including 

instrument accuracy and stability 

assessments. 

1.2.2 The Administrator may require the 

operator under section 114 of the Clean Air 

Act (CAA), to conduct CEMS performance 

evaluations at other times besides the initial 

test to evaluate the CEMS performance. See 

40 CFR part 60, § 60.13(c) and § 63.8(e)(1). 

1.2.3 A source that demonstrates their 

CEMS meets the criteria of this PS may use 

the system to continuously monitor gaseous 

HCl. If your HCl CEMS is capable of 

reporting the HCl concentration in the units 

of the existing standard, no additional CEMS 

components are necessary. If your HCl CEMS 

does not report concentrations in the units of 

the existing standard, then other CEMS 

components (e.g., oxygen (O2), temperature, 

stack gas flow, moisture and pressure) are 

necessary to convert the units reported by 

your HCl CEMS to the units of the standard. 

1.2.4 These specification test results are 

intended to be valid for the life of the system. 

As a result, the HCl measurement system 

must be tested and operated in a 

configuration consistent with the 

configuration that will be used for ongoing 

continuous emissions monitoring. 

1.2.5 Substantive changes to the system 

configuration require retesting according to 

this PS. Examples of such conditions 

include, but are not limited to: major changes 

in dilution ratio (for dilution based systems); 

changes in catalyst materials, if used; 

changes in sample conditioning, if used, such 

as filtering device design or materials; 

changes in probe design or configuration; 

light source or detector substitution; and 

changes in materials of construction. 

1.2.6 This specification is not designed to 

evaluate the ongoing CEMS performance nor 

does it identify specific calibration 

techniques and auxiliary procedures to assess 

CEMS performance over an extended period 

of time. The source owner or operator is 

responsible to calibrate, maintain, and 

operate the CEMS properly. 

2.0 Summary of Performance 

Specification. 

2.1 This specification covers the 

procedures that each HCl CEMS must meet 

during the performance evaluation test. 

Installation and measurement location 

specifications, data reduction procedures and 

performance criteria are included. 

2.2 The technology used to measure 

gaseous HCl must provide a distinct response 

and address any appropriate interference 

correction(s). It must accurately measure 

gaseous HCl in a representative sample (path 

or point sampling) of stack effluent. 

2.3 The relative accuracy (RA) must be 

established against a reference method (RM) 

(e.g., Method 26A, Method 320, ASTM 

International (ASTM) D6348–12, including 

mandatory annexes, or Method 321, as 

appropriate for the source concentration and 

category). 

2.4 Dynamic spiking (DS) into the CEMS 

using a National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) traceable standard may be 

required to demonstrate performance at 

sources with emissions near the detection 

level of the CEMS and for ongoing quality 

assurance tests. 

3.0 Definitions. 

3.1 Calibration Cell means a gas 

containment cell used with cross stack or 

integrated path (IP) monitors to perform 

precision and calibration checks. The cell 

may be a removable sealed cell or an 

evacuated and/or purged cell capable of 

exchanging calibration and zero gases. When 

charged, it contains a known concentration of 

HCl calibration gas. The calibration cell is 

filled with zero gas or removed from the 

optical path during stack gas measurement. 

3.2 Calibration Drift (CD) means the 

absolute value of the difference between the 

CEMS output response and an upscale 

reference or a zero-level reference, expressed 

as a percentage of the span value, when the 

CEMS is challenged after a stated period of 

operation during which no unscheduled 

maintenance or repair took place. A separate 

CD determination must be performed for 

pollutant and diluent analyzers. 

3.3 Calibration Error (CE) means the 

mean difference between the concentration 

measured by the CEMS and the known 

concentration from a calibration standard, 

divided by the span, when the entire CEMS, 

including the sampling interface, is 

challenged. 

3.4 Calibration Range Above Span 

(CRAS) means the upper limit of the 

measurement range. The calibration range 

must accommodate the DS procedure if that 

option is selected. The CRAS should be a 

conservatively high estimate of the range of 

HCl measurements expected from the source 

category. The CRAS value defines the 

calibration and quality assurance at the 

upper limit of HCl concentration 

measurement. The CRAS may require a 

calibration standard above span. 

3.5 Centroidal Area means a central area 

that is geometrically identical to the stack or 

duct cross section and is no greater than ten 

percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional 

area. 

3.6 Continuous Emission Monitoring 

System (CEMS) means the total equipment 

required to measure the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate continuously. 

3.7 Continuous Operation means the time 

between periodic maintenance when an 

instrument and sampling system operates 

without user intervention, continuously 

samples flue gas, analyzes the sample gas for 

HCl and related parameters (e.g., gas flow, 

diluent), records measurement data, and 

saves the results to a computer file. User 

intervention is permitted for initial set-up of 

sampling system, initial calibrations, 

periodic calibration corrections, periodic 

maintenance and periodic quality assurance 

audits. 

3.8 Data Recorder means the portion of 

the CEMS that provides a permanent record 

of analyzer output. The data recorder may 

record other pertinent data such as effluent 

flow rates, various instrument temperatures 

or abnormal CEMS operation. The data 

recorder may also include automatic data 

reduction capabilities and CEMS control 

capabilities. 

3.9 Dynamic Spiking (DS) means the 

procedure where a known concentration of 

HCl gas is injected into the probe sample gas 

stream for extractive CEMS at a known flow 

rate, or used to fill a calibration cell for in 

situ IP–CEMS, in order to assess the accuracy 

of the measurement system in the presence 

of potential interference from the flue gas 

sample matrix. 

3.10 Independent Measurement(s) means 

the series of CEMS data values taken during 

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sample gas analysis separated by two times 

the response time (RT) of the CEMS. 

3.11 Integrated Path CEMS (IP–CEMS) 

means a CEMS that measures the gas 

concentration along an optical path in the 

stack or duct cross section. 

3.12 Interference means a compound or 

material in the sample matrix other than HCl 

whose characteristics may bias the CEMS 

measurement (positively or negatively). The 

interference may not prevent the sample 

measurement, but could increase the 

analytical uncertainty in the measured HCl 

concentration through reaction with HCl or 

by changing the electronic signal generated 

during HCl measurement. 

3.13 Interference Test means the test to 

detect analyzer responses to interferences 

that are not adequately accounted for in the 

calibration procedure and may cause 

measurement bias. 

3.14 Level of Detection (LOD) means the 

lowest level of pollutant the CEMS can detect 

with 99 percent confidence in the presence 

of typical source gas matrix interferents. 

3.15 Liquid Evaporative Standard means 

a reference gas produced by vaporizing NIST 

traceable liquid standards of known HCl 

concentration and quantitatively mixing the 

resultant vapor with a diluent carrier gas. 

3.16 Optical Path means the route light 

travels from the light source to the receiver 

used to make an optical CEMS sample 

measurement. 

3.17 Path Length means, for extractive 

optical CEMS, the distance in meters of the 

optical path within a gas measurement cell. 

For IP–CEMS, path length is the distance in 

meters of the optical path that passes through 

the source gas in the stack or duct. 

3.18 Point CEMS means a CEMS that 

measures the source gas concentration, either 

at a single point at the sampling probe tip or 

over an optical path less than 10 percent of 

the equivalent diameter of the stack or duct 

cross section. 

3.19 Relative Accuracy (RA) means the 

absolute mean difference between the gas 

concentration determined by the CEMS and 

the value determined by the RM, plus the 2.5 

percent error confidence coefficient of a 

series of tests divided by the average of the 

RM or the applicable emission standard. 

3.20 Response Time (RT) means the time 

it takes for the measurement system, while 

operating normally at its target sample flow 

rate, dilution ratio, or data collection rate to 

respond to a known step change in gas 

concentration, either from a low- or zerolevel to a high-level gas concentration or 

from a high level to a low or zero level, and 

to read within five percent of the stable gas 

response. 

3.21 Sample Interface means the portion 

of the CEMS used for one or more of the 

following: Sample acquisition, sample 

transport, sample conditioning, optical 

measurement path, or protection of the 

analyzer from the effects of stack gas. 

3.22 Span Value means the value 

established by the relevant regulatory 

requirement or is equal to twice the emission 

limit if not otherwise specified. 

3.23 Stratification means the 

identification of when a measurement taken 

at a single point in a duct or emission stack 

is different from measurements taken at 

multiple points that traverse the duct or 

stack. 

3.24 Zero gas means a calibration gas or 

liquid evaporative spike with an HCl 

concentration that is below the LOD of the 

measurement system. 

4.0 Interferences. 

Sample gas interferences will vary 

depending on the instrument or technology 

used to make the measurement. Interferences 

must be evaluated through the interference 

test in this performance specification. Several 

compounds including carbon dioxide (CO2), 

carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde 

(CH2O), methane (CH4), and water (H2O) are 

potential optical interferences with certain 

types of HCl monitoring technology. 

Ammonia is a potential chemical interference 

with HCl. 

5.0 Safety. 

The procedures required under this PS 

may involve hazardous materials, operations, 

and equipment. This PS may not address all 

of the safety issues associated with these 

procedures. It is the user’s responsibility to 

establish appropriate safety and health 

practices and determine the applicable 

regulatory limitations prior to performing 

these procedures. The CEMS users should 

consult instrument operation manuals, 

compressed gas safety requirements such as 

Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration regulations and other 

material safety data sheets for specific 

precautions to be taken. 

6.0 Equipment and Supplies. 

Equipment and supplies for HCl CEMS 

will vary depending on the measurement 

technology and equipment vendors. This 

section provides a description of the 

equipment and supplies typically found in 

one or more types of HCl CEMS. 

6.1 Sample Extraction System. The 

portion of an extractive CEMS that collects 

and transports the sample to the pressure 

regulation and sample conditioning module. 

The extraction system must deliver a 

representative sample to the measurement 

instrument. The sample extraction system 

typically consists of a sample probe and a 

heated umbilical line. 

6.2 Sample Conditioning Module. The 

portion of an extractive CEMS that removes 

particulate matter and moisture from the gas 

stream and provides a sample gas stream to 

the CEMS analysis module or analyzer. You 

must keep the particle-free gas sample above 

the dew point temperature of its components. 

6.3 HCl Analyzer. The portion of the 

CEMS that detects, quantifies and generates 

an output proportional to the stack gas HCl 

concentration. 

6.4 Diluent Analyzer. The portion of the 

CEMS that quantifies stack gas 

concentrations of O2 or CO2. For systems 

with a multi-component analyzer, the same 

analyzer may quantify for all measured gases. 

6.5 System Controller. The portion of the 

CEMS that provides control of the analyzer 

and any sample extraction system 

components including the probe, pressure 

sensing and regulation, sample conditioning 

module and the sample interface. 

6.6 Data Recorder. The portion of the 

CEMS that provides a record of analyzer 

output. The data recorder may record other 

pertinent data such as effluent flow rates, 

various instrument temperatures or abnormal 

CEMS operation. The data recorder output 

range must include the full range of expected 

HCl concentration values in the gas stream to 

be sampled including zero and span value. 

Multiple instrument ranges or extended 

calibration points to extend the measurement 

range may be necessary to measure 

concentrations encountered during normal 

process operation. 

6.7 Reference Gas System(s). One or more 

systems may be needed to introduce 

calibration gases into the measurement 

system. You will use a reference gas system 

to introduce a known concentration of HCl 

gas into the measurement system. For 

extractive CEMS, the system must be able to 

introduce reference gas flow sufficient to 

flood the sampling probe and prevent entry 

of gas from the effluent stream. For IP–CEMS, 

the system must be able to introduce a 

known concentration of HCl, at known 

pressure and temperature, into the optical 

path used to measure HCl gas concentration. 

6.8 Moisture Measurement System. If 

correction of the measured HCl emissions for 

moisture is required, either Method 4 in 

Appendix A–3 of this part or other moisture 

measurement methods approved by the 

Administrator will be needed to measure 

stack gas moisture content. 

7.0 Reagents and Standards. 

7.1 Reference cylinder gas(es) or liquid 

evaporative gas standards used to meet the 

performance specifications must be traceable 

to NIST. 

7.2 Cylinder gas and/or liquid 

evaporative standards must be used within 

their certification period. 

7.3 High concentration HCl standards 

may be diluted for use in this specification. 

You must document the quantitative 

introduction of HCl standards into the system 

using Method 205 or other procedure 

approved by the Administrator. 

8.0 CEMS Measurement Location 

Specifications and Pretest Preparation. 

8.1 Prior to the start of your initial PS 

tests, you must ensure that the HCl CEMS is 

installed according to the manufacturer’s 

specifications and the requirements in this 

section. You may use either point or IP 

sampling technology. 

8.2 Installation. Install the CEMS at an 

accessible location where the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate measurements 

are directly representative of the HCl 

emissions or can be corrected so as to be 

representative of the emissions from the 

affected facility. For CEMS sampling at a 

single point, a location that has been shown 

to be free of HCl (or sulfur dioxide (SO2)) 

stratification is recommended. If you fail the 

RA requirements in this specification due to 

the measurement location and a satisfactory 

correction technique cannot be established, 

the Administrator may require the CEMS to 

be relocated. 

8.3 Measurement Location. The 

measurement location should be (1) at least 

two equivalent diameters downstream of the 

nearest control device, point of pollution 

generation or other point at which a change 

of pollutant concentration may occur; and (2) 

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at least half an equivalent diameter upstream 

from the effluent exhaust. The equivalent 

duct diameter is calculated according to 

Method 1 in Appendix A–1 to this part. 

8.3.1 Single point sample gas extraction 

should be (1) no less than 1.0 meter (3.3 ft.) 

from the stack or duct wall or (2) within the 

centroidal velocity traverse area of the stack 

or duct cross section. 

8.3.2 Path-integrated measurements must 

(1) be conducted totally within the inner area 

bounded by a line 1.0 meter (3.3 ft.) from the 

stack or duct wall, or (2) have at least 70 

percent of the path within the inner 50 

percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional 

area, or (3) be located over any part of the 

centroidal area. 

8.4 CEMS and Data Recorder Scale 

Check. After CEMS installation, we 

recommend you check the CE as described in 

section 11.7 to verify that the instrument is 

functioning properly. Record and document 

the measurement range of the HCl CEMS. 

The CEMS operating range (zero through 

CRAS) and the range of the data collection 

device must encompass the applicable 

emission limit and all expected HCl 

concentrations. The CEMS and data 

collection device output range must include 

zero and the CRAS value. 

9.0 Quality Control. [Reserved] 

10.0 Calibration and Standardization. 

[Reserved] 

11.0 Performance Specification Test 

Procedure. 

After completing the CEMS installation, 

setup and calibration, you must complete the 

performance specification test procedures in 

this section. You must perform the following 

procedures and meet the performance 

requirements for the initial demonstration of 

your HCl CEMS: 

a. Interference Test; 

b. Beam Intensity Test (IP–CEMS only); 

c. Stack Temperature Verification (IP– 

CEMS only); 

d. Stack Pressure Verification (IP–CEMS 

only); 

e. Level of Detection (LOD) Determination; 

f. Response Time (RT) Test; 

g. Calibration Error (CE) Test; 

h. Calibration Drift (CD) Test; and 

i. Relative Accuracy (RA) Test: 

• Comparison with RM 

• Stratification Test 

• Optional Dynamic Spiking (DS) Test. 

11.1 Interference Test 

11.1.1 You must conduct the interference 

test of your measurement system prior to its 

initial use in the field to verify that the 

candidate system measures HCl accurately in 

the presence of common interferences in 

emission matrices. 

11.1.2 Your interference test may be 

conducted in either a controlled environment 

or on-site during initial setup and 

qualification of your CEMS. 

11.1.3 If you have multiple measurement 

systems with components of the same make 

and model numbers, you need only perform 

this interference check on one system and 

you may also rely on an interference test 

conducted by the manufacturer on a system 

having components of the same make and 

model(s) of the system that you use. 

11.1.4 Perform the interference check 

with an HCl concentration between 10 and 

40 percent of the span value anticipated for 

your source CEMS application. Alternatively, 

successfully conducting the interference test 

at the relevant regulatory standard may be 

used to demonstrate performance. 

11.1.5 Introduce the interference test 

gases listed in Table 1 in section 17.0 into the 

measurement system separately or in any 

combination. 

11.1.5.1 For extractive CEMS, the 

interference test gases must be introduced 

into the sampling system at the probe such 

that the interference gas mixtures pass 

through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners, 

and other components as would be 

configured at a typical field site. 

11.1.5.2 For IP–CEMS, the interference 

test gases may be added with the HCl in a 

calibration cell or separately in a 

temperature-controlled cell with an effective 

path length in the optical CEMS path 

representative of the required method 

detection level. Test gas and interference gas 

is added to the cell at a concentration that 

is equivalent to the effective stack 

concentration corrected for pressure, 

temperature and the nominal stack sampling 

path length of the CEMS. 

11.1.6 The interference test must be 

performed by combining an HCl gas with 

each interference test gas (or gas mixture). 

You must measure the baseline HCl response, 

followed by the response after adding the 

interference test gas(es) at a constant HCl 

concentration. Your baseline HCl 

measurement must agree within three 

percent of the theoretical HCl concentration. 

You must perform each interference gas 

injection and evaluation in triplicate, and 

assess the combined interference of all of the 

gases in Table 1. 

(Note: The baseline HCl injection may 

include interference gases at concentrations 

typical of ambient air (e.g., 21 percent O2, 

400 parts per million (ppm) CO2, 2 percent 

H2O), but these concentrations must be 

brought to the concentrations listed in Table 

1 when their interference effects are being 

evaluated.) 

11.1.7 You must document the quality 

and quantity of the gas volume/rate, 

temperature, and pressure used to conduct 

the interference test to be able to establish the 

error of blending the HCl and interference 

gases while maintaining a known HCl 

concentration. A gas blending system or 

manifold may be used. 

11.1.8 The duration of each interference 

test should be sufficient to ensure the HCl 

measurement system surfaces are 

conditioned and a stable measurement is 

obtained. 

11.1.9 Measure the HCl response of the 

analyzer to these gases in ppm. Record the 

responses and determine the overall 

interference response using Table 2 in 

section 17.0. 

11.1.10 For each interference gas (or 

mixture), calculate the mean difference 

(DMCavg) between the measurement system 

responses with and without the interference 

test gas(es) using Equation 1 in section 12.0. 

Summarize the results following the format 

contained in Table 2 in section 17.0. 

11.1.11 Calculate the total percent 

interference (I) for the gas runs using 

Equation 2 in section 12.0. The combined 

interference response for the analyzer that 

was used for the test must not be greater than 

± 3.0 percent of the equivalent HCl 

concentration used for the interference test. 

11.2 Beam Intensity Test for IP–CEMS 

11.2.1 For IP–CEMS, you must establish 

the beam intensity attenuation tolerance of 

your system and demonstrate that the HCl 

span response is independent of the beam 

intensity in the absence of HCl. 

11.2.2 Insert one or more neutral density 

filter(s) or otherwise attenuate the beam 

intensity (e.g., 90 percent of the beam 

intensity). 

11.2.3 Perform a high-level calibration 

check. 

11.2.4 Record and report the attenuated 

beam intensity, calibration gas concentration 

measured by the CEMS and the percent 

difference between the measured calibration 

gas concentration at full beam intensity and 

the measured concentration with attenuated 

beam intensity. The percent difference 

during the attenuated beam intensity 

calibration check for the light source and 

detector used in the IP–CEMS must not be 

more than ± 3.0 percent of the measured 

calibration concentration used for the test. 

11.2.5 In the future, you may not operate 

your IP–CEMS at a beam intensity lower than 

that established during this test. However, 

you may repeat the test to establish a lower 

beam intensity cut point. 

11.3 Temperature Measurement 

Verification Procedure for IP–CEMS 

11.3.1 Any measurement instrument or 

device that is used to conduct ongoing 

verification of temperature measurement 

must have an accuracy that is traceable to 

NIST. 

11.3.2 You must perform a temperature 

verification test on-site as part of the initial 

installation and verification procedures. 

11.3.3 Comparison to Calibrated 

Temperature Measurement Device. 

11.3.3.1 Place the sensor of a calibrated 

temperature measurement device adjacent to 

the sensor used to measure stack temperature 

for your HCl CEMS. The calibrated 

temperature measurement device must 

satisfy the accuracy requirements specified in 

Table 3 of this PS. The calibrated 

temperature measurement device must also 

have a range equal to or greater than the 

range of your HCl CEMS temperature 

monitor. 

11.3.3.2 Allow sufficient time for the 

response of the calibrated temperature 

measurement device to reach equilibrium. 

With the process or control device operating 

under normal conditions concurrently, 

record the temperatures measured by your 

HCl CEMS system (Mt) and the calibrated 

measurement device (Vt). You must meet the 

accuracy requirements described in section 

13.5.4 of this PS. 

11.3.3.3 If your HCl CEMS temperature 

monitor does not satisfy the accuracy 

requirement of this PS, check all system 

components and take any corrective action 

that is necessary to achieve the required 

minimum accuracy. Repeat this validation 

check procedure until the accuracy 

requirement of this specification is satisfied. 

11.4 Pressure Measurement Verification 

Test for IP–CEMS 

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11.4.1 For stack pressure verification, you 

should select a gauge or monitor that 

conforms to the design requirements of 

ASME B40.100–2010, ‘‘Pressure Gauges and 

Gauge Attachments’’ (incorporated by 

reference—see § 60.17). 

11.4.2 As an alternative for a calibrated 

pressure measurement device with NIST 

traceable accuracy, you may use a mercuryin-glass or water-in-glass U-tube manometer 

to validate your pressure measurement 

equipment. 

11.4.3 Allow sufficient time for the 

response of the calibrated pressure 

measurement device to reach equilibrium. 

With the process or control device operating 

under normal conditions, concurrently 

record the pressures measured by your HCl 

CEMS system (MP) and the calibrated 

measurement device (Vp). You must meet the 

accuracy requirements described in section 

13.5.5 of this PS. 

11.4.4 If your HCl CEMS pressure 

monitor does not satisfy the accuracy 

requirement of this PS, check all system 

components and take any corrective action 

that is necessary to achieve the required 

minimum accuracy. Repeat this validation 

check procedure until the accuracy 

requirement of this specification is satisfied. 

11.5 Level of Detection (LOD) 

Determination 

11.5.1 You must determine the minimum 

amount of HCl that can be detected above the 

background in a representative gas matrix. 

11.5.2 You may perform the LOD 

determination as part of the interference test 

in section 11.1, in either a controlled 

environment or on-site during initial setup 

and qualification of your CEMS. 

11.5.2.1 For extractive CEMS, spike the 

HCl and interferents into the CEMS at the 

probe prior to all filters and sample 

conditioning elements. 

11.5.2.2 For IP–CEMS, spike the mixture 

described in section 11.1.4 into the system 

calibration cell. 

11.5.3 The challenge standard mixture 

used to determine LOD must include HCl at 

a concentration no greater than three times 

the estimated LOD and must include the 

interferences listed in Table 1 of this PS. 

11.5.4 Collect seven consecutive 

measurements separated by twice the 

response time. 

11.5.5 Calculate the standard deviation of 

the measured values and define the LOD as 

three times the standard deviation of these 

measurements. 

11.5.5.1 The LOD for extractive units 

must be determined and reported in ppmv. 

11.5.5.2 The LOD for IP units must be 

determined and reported on a ppm-meter 

basis and the site- or installation-specific 

LOD must be calculated based on the actual 

measurement path length and gas density of 

the specific site installation in ppmv. 

11.5.6 If you choose to perform the LOD 

determination test in a controlled 

environment, you must verify the LOD 

during the initial field certification test using 

the DS test procedure in Appendix A of this 

PS. 

11.5.6.1 You must make three 

independent DS measurements at no more 

than five times the LOD for the detection 

level verification. 

11.5.6.2 If your system limitation 

verification does not demonstrate the ability 

to distinguish the spike concentration from 

the background, you must increase the spike 

concentration incrementally until you 

establish a field verified detection level 

where the HCl measurement is a minimum 

of three times the noise for zero HCl 

concentration. The field verified detection 

level replaces the controlled environment 

LOD and becomes the site- or installationspecific LOD. 

11.6 Response Time Determination 

11.6.1 If your HCl CEMS extracts gas from 

stack emissions you must determine the 

average upscale and downscale RTs from 

three repetitions of each test. You will report 

the greater of the average upscale or average 

downscale RTs as the RT for the system. 

11.6.2 Start the upscale RT determination 

by injecting zero gas into the measurement 

system at the extractive probe tip or IP 

calibration cell inlet. You may use 

humidified zero gas. 

11.6.3 When the system output has 

stabilized (no change greater than 1 percent 

of full scale for 30 sec), record the response 

in ppmv and introduce an upscale reference 

gas. 

11.6.4 Take repetitive measurements 

until you obtain a stable value at 95 percent 

or greater than the expected calibration gas 

response. You may use humidified 

calibration gas. 

11.6.5 Record the time (upscale RT) 

required to reach 95 percent of the final 

stable value. 

11.6.6 Next, reintroduce the zero gas and 

record the time required to reach five percent 

of the zero gas reading. This time is the 

downscale RT. 

(Note: For CEMS that perform a series of 

operations (purge, blow back, sample 

integration, analyze, etc.), you must start 

adding calibration gases immediately after 

these procedures are complete.) 

11.6.7 Repeat the entire procedure three 

times and determine the mean upscale and 

downscale RTs. The slower or longer of the 

two means is the system RT. 

11.7 Calibration Error (CE) Test. The 

percent CE is the mean difference between 

the HCl calibration gas value and the CEMS 

response at each calibration point expressed 

as a percentage of the span. The CE must be 

less than five percent. 

11.7.1 Extractive CEMS CE check. 

11.7.1.1 Sequentially introduce 

calibration gas to the CEMS probe, before the 

sample conditioning and filtration system. 

11.7.1.2 Measure three upscale HCl gas 

concentrations in the ranges shown in Table 

4 of this PS. 

11.7.1.3 Introduce the gases into the 

sampling probe with sufficient flow rate to 

replace the entire source gas sample. 

11.7.1.4 Continue to add the standard gas 

until the response is stable as evidenced 

when the difference between two consecutive 

measurements is less than the LOD or within 

five percent of each other. 

11.7.1.5 Make triplicate measurements for 

each gas standard. Introduce different 

calibration concentrations in any order but 

do not introduce the same gas concentration 

twice in succession. Conduct independent 

measurements three times for each 

concentration, for a total of nine 

measurements. 

11.7.1.6 At each reference gas 

concentration, determine the average of the 

three CEMS responses 

Calculate the CE using Equation 3 in section 

12.0. 

11.7.1.7 If you desire to determine the 

system RT during this test, you may inject 

zero gas immediately followed by the highlevel standard. 

11.7.1.8 For non-dilution systems, you 

may adjust the system to maintain the correct 

flow rate at the analyzer during the test, but 

you may not make adjustments for any other 

purpose. For dilution systems, you must 

operate the measurement system at the 

appropriate dilution ratio during all system 

CE checks, and you may make only the 

adjustments necessary to maintain the proper 

ratio. 

11.7.2 IP–CEMS CE check 

11.7.2.1 Conduct a 3-point system CE test 

by sequential addition of known 

concentrations of HCl standard into a 

calibration cell of known volume, 

temperature, pressure and path length. 

(Note: The optical path used for IP–CEMS 

calibration error checks must include the 

native measurement path. You must also 

collect native stack concentration before and 

after each HCl standard measurement. 

Bracketing HCl standard measurements with 

native stack measurements may be used in 

the calculations to correct the upscale 

measurements for stack gas HCl 

concentration changes.) 

11.7.2.2 Introduce HCl standards into 

your calibration cell in a range of 

concentrations that produce responses 

equivalent to the source concentrations 

shown in Table 4 for your path length. 

11.7.2.3 Introduce the low-, mid-, and 

high-level calibration standards in any order. 

Make three independent measurements of 

each concentration. Introduce different 

calibration concentrations in any order but 

do not introduce the same gas concentration 

twice in succession. 

11.7.2.4 You must calculate the 

equivalent concentration (Ci,eff) of the HCl 

calibration gas equivalent to the stack 

concentration by correcting for calibration 

cell temperature, pressure, path length, line 


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strength factor (LSM) and, if necessary, the 

native source gas HCl concentration using 

equations 4, 5 and 6 in section 12.0. 

11.7.2.5 You may use the LSM provided 

by your instrument manufacturer or 

determine an instrument-specific LSM as a 

function of temperature using a heated gas 

cell and effective gas concentrations (Ci,eff) 

between 50 and 150 percent of the emission 

limit. 

11.7.2.6 At each gas concentration, 

determine the average of the three 

independent CEMS measurement responses 

corrected for stack concentration, and the 

average response during zero gas injections 

(background or native stack gas 

measurement). Calculate the CE using 

Equation 6 in section 12.0. 

11.7.3 You may use Figure 1 to record 

and report your CE test results. 

11.7.4 If the CE specification is not met 

for all three standard concentrations, take 

corrective action and repeat the test until an 

acceptable 3-point CE test is achieved. 

11.8 Seven-Day Calibration Drift (CD) 

Test 

11.8.1 The CD Test Period. Prior to the 

start of the RA tests, you must perform a CD 

test. The purpose of the CD measurement is 

to verify the ability of the CEMS to maintain 

calibration for each of seven, 24-hour 

periods. 

11.8.2 The CD tests must be performed 

using the zero and either mid-level or highlevel calibration standards as defined in 

Table 4. 

11.8.3 Conduct the CD test during normal 

facility operations following the procedures 

in section 11.7 of this PS. 

11.8.4 If periodic automatic or manual 

adjustments are made to the CEMS zero and 

upscale response factor settings, conduct the 

CD test immediately before these 

adjustments. 

(Note: Automatic signal or mathematical 

processing of all measurement data to 

determine emission results may be performed 

throughout the entire CD process.) 

11.8.5 Determine the magnitude of the CD 

at 24-hour intervals, for seven consecutive 

unit operating days. The seven consecutive 

unit operating days need not be seven 

consecutive calendar days. You may use 

Figure 2 to record and report the results of 

your CD test. 

11.8.6 Record the average CEMS response 

for zero gas and mid- or high-level calibration 

gas. 

11.8.6.1 For extractive CEMS, calculate 

the CD using Equation 3 in section 12. Report 

the absolute value of the differences as a 

percentage of the span value. 

11.8.6.2 For IP–CEMS, you may exclude 

the in stack measurement path when 

determining zero gas concentration. Calculate 

the CD using equations in section 12.4. 

11.8.7 You must record the average CEMS 

response for each reference gas and calculate 

the mid- or high-level CD using Equation 6 

in section 12.0. Calculate the zero drift value 

using Equation 7. 

11.8.8 The zero-level and high-level drift 

for each day must be less than five percent 

of the span value. You must pass each day’s 

drift checks for seven days to meet this 

requirement. Each zero- and high-level drift 

check must be recorded and reported for the 

seven-day drift check tests. 

11.9 Relative Accuracy (RA) Test 

11.9.1 Unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable subpart of the regulations, use 

Method 26A in 40 CFR part 60 Appendix A– 

8, Method 320 and Method 321, both found 

in 40 CFR part 63 Appendix A, or ASTM 

D6348–12 including mandatory annexes, as 

the acceptable reference methods for HCl 

measurement. Other RMs for moisture, O2, 

etc., may be necessary. Conduct the RM tests 

in such a way that they will yield results 

representative of the emissions from the 

source and can be compared to the CEMS 

data. 

11.9.2 Conduct the diluent (if applicable), 

moisture (if needed), and pollutant 

measurements simultaneously. However, 

diluent and moisture measurements that are 

taken within an hour of the pollutant 

measurements may be used to calculate dry 

pollutant concentration and emission rates. 

11.9.3 Stratification Test. A stratification 

test must be conducted during normal facility 

operating conditions. The purpose of this test 

is to verify that excess stratification of the 

target pollutant does not render the sampling 

point of the CEMS non-representative. You 

must traverse as required in this section 

while taking reference method samples used 

for the RA testing. 

11.9.3.1 Perform a stratification test at 

each test site to determine the appropriate 

number of sample traverse points. If testing 

for multiple pollutants or diluents at the 

same site, a stratification test using only one 

pollutant or diluent satisfies this 

requirement. A stratification test is not 

required for small stacks that are less than 

four inches in diameter. To test for 

stratification, use a probe of appropriate 

length to measure the HCl concentration or 

an alternative analyte, as described in this 

section, at 12 traverse points located 

according to Table 1–1 or Table 1–2 of 

Method 1 in Appendix A–1 to 40 CFR part 

60, as appropriate. 

11.9.3.2 You may substitute a 

stratification test for SO2 for the HCl 

stratification test if the HCl concentration is 

less than ten times the LOD of your HCl 

CEMS. If you select this option, you must 

follow the test procedures in Method 6C of 

Appendix A–4 to 40 CFR part 60. 

11.9.3.3 You may substitute a 

stratification test for CO2, CO or nitrogen 

oxides (NOX) if you anticipate the 

concentration of both SO2 and HCl are less 

than ten times the associated LOD for the 

CEMS instrument. 

11.9.3.4 Calculate the mean measured 

concentration for all sampling points 

(MNavg). 

11.9.3.5 Calculate the percent 

stratification (St) of each traverse point using 

Equation 8 in section 12.0. 

11.9.3.5.1 If the concentration at any 

traverse point differs from the mean 

concentration for all traverse points by no 

more than: (a) ±5.0 percent of the mean 

concentration or (b) ±0.5 ppm (whichever is 

less restrictive), the gas stream is considered 

unstratified and you may perform a single 

point RA test. 

11.9.3.5.2 If the 5.0 percent or 0.5 ppm 

criterion is not met, but the concentration at 

any traverse point differs from the mean 

concentration for all traverse points by no 

more than: (a) ±10.0 percent of the mean or 

(b) ±1.0 ppm (whichever is less restrictive), 

the gas stream is considered to be minimally 

stratified, and you may take RA samples from 

three points. Space the three points at 16.7, 

50.0, and 83.3 percent of the measurement 

traverse line. 

11.9.3.5.3 If the traverse point differs 

from the mean concentration by more than 10 

percent, the gas stream is considered 

stratified and you must conduct a full 

traversing RA test following tables 1–1 and 

1–2 of Method 1 in Appendix A–1 to 40 CFR 

part 60. 

11.9.3.6 Conduct all necessary RM tests 

within 3 cm (1.2 in.) of the traverse points, 

but no closer than 3 cm (1.2 in.) to the stack 

or duct wall. 

11.9.3.7 In order to correlate the CEMS 

and RM data properly, record the beginning 

and end of each RM run (including the exact 

time of day) with the permanent record of 

CEMS output. 

11.9.4 Conduct the RA test using an RM. 

11.9.4.1 You must conduct RA tests at the 

affected facility during process operating 

conditions representing average production 

and full control operation at the source, or as 

specified in an applicable subpart. 

11.9.4.2 Conduct a minimum of nine sets 

of all necessary RM test runs. 

11.9.4.3 If HCl CEMS measurements are 

less than or equal to 20 percent of the 

applicable standard, you must perform a DS 

verification test during CEMS installation 

and performance tests following the 

procedures in Appendix A of this PS. 

11.9.4.4 When Method 26A is used as the 

RM, you must conduct the RM test runs with 

paired or duplicate sampling systems and use 

the average of the HCl concentrations 

measured by the two trains. You must sample 

sufficient gas to reach three times your 

method detection limit for Method 26A in 40 

CFR part 60, Appendix A–8, or for a 

minimum of one hour, whichever is less. 

11.9.4.5 Identify outliers in the paired 

Method 26A data by calculating the relative 

difference (RD) for the paired RM tests. Data 

that do not meet the RD criteria may not be 

used in the calculation of RA. The primary 

reason for performing paired RM sampling is 

to ensure the quality of the RM data. 

Determine the RD for paired data points 

using Equation 9 in section 12.0. 

11.9.4.6 The minimum performance 

criteria for RM paired HCl data is an RD for 

any data pair of ≤10 percent when the mean 

HCl concentration is greater than 50 percent 

of the applicable emission limit expressed as 

an equivalent concentration. If the mean HCl 

concentration is less than or equal to 50 

percent of the applicable emission limit 

expressed as an equivalent concentration, the 

RD must be ≤20 percent. Pairs of RM data 

exceeding these RD criteria must be 

eliminated from the data set used to develop 

the HCl CEMS RA assessment. 

(Note: More than nine sets of RM tests may 

be performed. If this option is chosen, a 

maximum of three sets of the test results may 

be rejected when the HCl concentration is 

greater than 50 percent of the applicable 

standard; a maximum of six sets of test 

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results may be rejected when the HCl 

concentration is less than 50 percent of the 

applicable standard so long as the total 

number of test results used to determine the 

RA is greater than or equal to nine. However, 

all data must be reported, including the 

rejected data.) 

11.9.5 When Method 320 and Method 

321, both found in 40 CFR part 63 Appendix 

A, or ASTM D6348–12, are used, you must 

collect gas samples that are at stack 

conditions (hot and wet) and you must 

traverse as required in section 11.9.3. 

11.9.6 Analyze the results from the RM 

test runs using equations in section 12.7 

(equations 10–15). Calculate and report the 

RA between the HCl CEMS results and the 

RM. 

11.9.7 As an option, in addition to 

performing a RATA with a reference method, 

you may perform a DS test verification 

during CEMS installation and performance 

tests following the procedures in Appendix 

A of this PS. If the HCl CEMS passes the DS 

test verification, you may use DS as an 

alternative to selected quarterly RATA tests 

as specified in 40 CFR part 60 Appendix F 

requirements for ongoing quality assessment 

of the HCl CEMS. 

11.10 Reporting 

11.10.1 For systems that use a gas blender 

and/or liquid evaporative calibrator to 

deliver HCl gas standards, record and report 

supporting data for these devices, including 

liquid feed calibrations, liquid standard(s) 

concentration, feed rate and gas flow 

calibrations for all diluent and HCl gas flows. 

All calibrations must include a stated 

uncertainty, and the combined uncertainty of 

the delivered gas concentration must be 

calculated and reported. 

11.10.2 Record and summarize in tabular 

form the results of the CD test, the linearity 

tests, the RT test, CE test, RA test, and 

optional spike recovery procedure, as 

appropriate. Include all data sheets, 

calculations, CEMS data records (i.e., charts, 

records of CEMS responses), and cylinder gas 

or other reference material certifications 

necessary to confirm that the performance of 

the CEMS met the performance 

specifications. 

11.10.3 Record and report supporting 

dilution system data including standard 

cylinder gas flow, total gas flow, and the 

results of the test measurements. 

11.10.4 Record and report the LOD and 

system limitation verification in ppmv for the 

HCl CEMS as installed. 

12.0 Calculations and Data Analysis. 

12.1 Nomenclature 

Ci = Actual HCl calibration gas concentration 

used for test i (ppmv); 

Ci,eff = Equivalent concentration of the 

reference value, Ci, at the specified 

conditions; 

CC = Confidence coefficient; 

CDextractive = Calibration drift for extractive 

CEMS (percent); 

CDIP = Calibration drift for IP–CEMS 

(percent); 

CD0 = The calibration drift at zero HCl 

concentrations for an IP–CEMS; 

CEextractive = Calibration error for extractive 

CEMS (percent); 

CEIP = Calibration error for IP–CEMS 

(percent); 

davg = Mean difference between CEMS 

response and the reference gas (ppmv); 

di = Difference of CEMS response and the RM 

value (ppmv); 

I = Total interference from major matrix stack 

gases, percent; 

LSM = Line strength factor for IP–CEMS, 

measurements, temperature dependent 

derivation from the HITRAN database; 

DMCavg = Average of the 3 absolute values of 

the difference between the measured HCl 

calibration gas concentrations with and 

without interference from selected stack 

gases (ppmv); 

MCi = Measured HCl calibration gas 

concentration i (ppmv); 

MCint = Measured HCl concentration of the 

HCl calibration gas plus the individual or 

combined interference gases (ppmv); 

MNavg = Average concentration at all 

sampling points (ppmv); 

MNb = Measured native concentration 

bracketing calibration spike measurements; 

MNi = Measured native concentration for test 

or run i (ppmv); 

n = Number of measurements in an average 

value; 

PLCell = Path length of IP–CEMS calibration 

cell; 

PLStack = Path length of IP–CEMS stack 

optical path; 

Ra = HCl concentration measured by the first 

of two RM pairs (ppmv); 

Rb = HCl concentration measured by the 

second of two RM pairs (ppmv); 

RA = Relative accuracy of CEMS compared 

to a RM (percent); 

RD = Relative difference between paired RM 

trains (percent); 

RMi = RM concentration for test run I; 

RMavg = Mean measured RM value or the 

mean dynamic spike concentration (ppmv); 

S = Span of the instrument (ppmv); 

Sd = Standard deviation of the differences; 

St = Stratification (percent); 

t0.975 = One-sided t-value obtained from Table 

5 for n-1 measurements; 

Treference = Temperature of the calibration cell 

for IP–CEMS (degrees Kelvin); 

Tstack = Temperature of the stack at the 

monitoring location for IP–CEM (degrees 

Kelvin). 

12.2 Calculate the difference between the 

measured HCl concentration with and 

without interferents for each interference gas 

(or mixture) for your CEMS as: 

Calculate the total percent interference as: 

12.3 Calculate the calibration error or 

calibration drift at concentration i for an 

extractive CEMS as: 

12.4 Calculate the calibration error or 

calibration drift at concentration i for IP– 

CEMS that use a calibration cell as follows: 

12.4.1 Calculate the equivalent 

concentration Ci,eff using Equation 4: 


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12.4.2 Calculate the average native 

concentration before and after a calibration 

check measurement as: 

12.4.3 Calculate the calibration error or 

calibration drift at concentration i for an IP– 

CEMS as: 

12.4.4 Calculate the calibration drift at 

zero HCl concentrations for an IP–CEMS as: 

12.5 Calculate the percent stratification at 

each traverse point as: 

12.6 Calculate the relative difference 

between paired RM sampling train results as: 

12.7 Calculate the relative accuracy using 

RM and CEMS Data. 

12.7.1 Determine the HCl CEMS final 

integrated minute average pollutant 

concentration or emission rate for each RM 

test period. Consider system response time, 

if important, and confirm that the results 

have been corrected to the same moisture, 

temperature and diluent concentration basis. 

12.7.2 When Method 26A, found in 40 

CFR part 60 Appendix A–8, is used as the 

RM, compare each CEMS integrated average 

value against the corresponding average of 

the paired RM values. 

12.7.3 If the RM is Method 320 or Method 

321, found in 40 CFR part 63 Appendix A, 

or ASTM D6348–12, make a direct 

comparison of the average RM results and 

CEMS average value for identical test 

periods. 

12.7.4 Calculate the arithmetic difference 

of the RA measurements to the CEMS oneminute average results using Equation 10. 

12.7.5 Calculate the standard deviation of 

the differences (Sd) of the HCl CEMS 

measured and RM results using Equation 11. 


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12.7.6 Calculate the confidence 

coefficient (CC) for the relative accuracy tests 

using Equation 12. 

12.7.7 Calculate the mean difference 

(davg) between the RM and CEMS values in 

the units of ppmv or the emission standard 

using Equation 13. 

12.7.8 Calculate the average RM value 

using Equation 14. 

12.7.9 Calculate RA for the HCl CEMS 

using Equation 15. 

13.0 Method Performance. 

13.1 Level of Detection. You may not use 

an HCl CEMS whose LOD is greater than 20 

percent of the regulatory limit or other action 

level for the intended use of the data. An 

LOD less than or equal to 20 percent of the 

standard should result in 95 percent 

confidence level or better for measurements 

at the level of the standard. 

13.2 Calibration Drift. The calibration 

drift for the HCl CEMS must not drift or 

deviate from the reference gas value by more 

than five percent of the span value for seven 

consecutive days. 

13.3 Calibration Error Check (linear or 

quadratic) 

13.3.1 The calibration intercept must be 

equal to or less than 15 percent of the system 

span. 

13.3.2 The mean percent difference 

between the reference gas value and the 

CEMS measured concentration at each of the 

three points (Eq.7) must be less than five 

percent of span. 

13.4 Relative Accuracy Check—Reference 

Method. The RA of the CEMS compared to 

a RM in the units of the HCl concentration 

must be less than or equal to 20 percent of 

the RM when RMavg is used in the 

denominator of Equation 14. In cases where 

the average emission level for the test is less 

than 50 percent of the applicable standard, 

substitute the equivalent emission standard 

value in ppmvw in the denominator of 

Equation 14 in place of RMavg, and this 

alternative calculated RA must be less than 

or equal to 15 percent of the RM. 

13.5 Response Time. 

13.5.1 The RT to a measurable change in 

concentration must be less than or equal to 

15 minutes. 

13.5.2 Interference Check. The combined 

interference response for the HCl CEMS that 

was used for the test must not be greater than 

±3.0 percent of the equivalent HCl 

concentration used for the interference test. 

13.5.3 Integrated Path Beam Intensity. 

The percent difference during attenuated 

light calibration check for the light source 

and detector used in an IP–CEMS must not 

be more than ±3.0 percent of the known 

measured concentration without attenuation 

used for the test. 

13.5.4 Your temperature monitor satisfies 

the accuracy required if the absolute relative 

difference between Mt and Vt is ≤ one percent 

or if the absolute difference between 

measured value of stack temperature (Mt) and 

the value of calibrated temperature reference 

device (Vt) is ≤2.8 °C (5.0 °F), whichever is 

greater. 

13.5.5 Your pressure monitor satisfies the 

accuracy required if the absolute relative 

difference between MP and the value of 

calibrated pressure reference device (VP) is 

≤ five percent or if the absolute difference 

between the measured value of stack pressure 

(Mp and VP) is ≤0.12 kilopascals (0.5 inches 

of water column), whichever is greater. 

14.0 Pollution Prevention. [Reserved] 

15.0 Waste Management. [Reserved] 

16.0 References. 

1. Method 318, 40 CFR, part 63, Appendix A 

(Draft), ‘‘Measurement of Gaseous 

Formaldehyde, Phenol and Methanol 

Emissions by FTIR Spectroscopy,’’ EPA 

Contract No. 68D20163, Work 

Assignment 2–18, February, 1995. 

2. ‘‘EPA Protocol for the Use of Extractive 

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 

Spectrometry in Analyses of Gaseous 

Emissions from Stationary Industrial 

Sources,’’ February, 1995. 

3. ‘‘Measurement of Gaseous Organic and 

Inorganic Emissions by Extractive FTIR 

Spectroscopy,’’ EPA Contract No. 68– 

D2–0165, Work Assignment 3–08. 

4. ‘‘Method 301—Field Validation of 

Pollutant Measurement Methods from 

Various Waste Media,’’ 40 CFR part 63, 

Appendix A. 

5. EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and 

Certification of Gaseous Calibration 

Standards 2012. See www.epa.gov/ttn/

emc. 

17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and 

Validation Data. 

TABLE 1—INTERFERENCE CHECK GAS

CONCENTRATIONS

Potential 

interferent 

gas 1

Approximate 

concentration 

(balance N2) 

CO2 ............... 15% ± 1% CO2.2

CO ................ 100 ± 20 ppm. 

CH2O ............ 20 ppm. 

CH4 ............... 100 ± 20 ppm. 

NH3 ............... 10 ppm (extractive CEMS 

only). 

NO2 ............... 250 ± 50 ppm. 

SO2 ............... 200 ± 20 ppm. 

O2 .................. 3% ± 1% O2.2

H2O ............... 10% ± 1% H2O.2

N2 .................. Balance.2

1Any of these specific gases can be tested 

at a lower level if the manufacturer has provided reliable means for limiting or scrubbing 

that gas to a specified level. 2Gases for short path IP cell interference 

tests added at relative concentration ratios indicated in the table. 


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TABLE 2—EXAMPLE INTERFERENCE TEST DATA SHEET

Date of Test: lllllllllllllll

Analyzer Type: lllllllllllll

Model No.: lllllllllllllll

Serial No.: lllllllllllllll

Span: llllllllllllllllll

Calibration Range Above Span: llllll

Test Organization: llllllllllll

Test Personnel: lllllllllllll

Interference gas or gas combination 

HCl 

concentration 

(ppmv) 

HCl 

concentration 

(ppmv) 

w/interference 

Absolute 

difference 

(ppmv) 

Average 

absolute 

difference 

(ppmv) 

Sum of Responses 

% of Calibration Span 

TABLE 3—DESIGN STANDARDS FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS

If the sensor is a . . . You can use the following design standards as guidance in selecting a sensor for your CPMS 

1. Thermocouple ...................................... a. ASTM E235–88 (1996), ‘‘Specification for Thermocouples, Sheathed, Type K, for Nuclear or Other 

High-Reliability Applications.’’ 

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TABLE 3—DESIGN STANDARDS FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS—Continued 

If the sensor is a . . . You can use the following design standards as guidance in selecting a sensor for your CPMS 

b. ASTM E585/E585M–04, ‘‘Specification for Compacted Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed, Base 

Metal Thermocouple Cable.’’ 

c. ASTM E608/E608M–06, ‘‘Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal 

Thermocouples.’’ 

d. ASTM E696–07, ‘‘Specification for Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy Thermocouple Wire.’’ 

e. ASTM E1129/E1129M–98 (2002), ‘‘Standard Specification for Thermocouple Connectors.’’ 

f. ASTM E1159–98 (2003), ‘‘Specification for Thermocouple Materials, Platinum-Rhodium Alloys, and 

Platinum.’’ 

g. ISA–MC96.1–1982, ‘‘Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.’’ 

2. Resistance temperature detector ........ ASTM E1137/E1137M–04, ‘‘Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers.’’ 

TABLE 4—PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST CALIBRATION GAS RANGES

Test Units 

HCl calibration material concentrations a

Section 

Zero Low level Mid level High level 

Calibration Drift ........................................ % of Span ................................................ <LOD ... 10–30 NA 80–120 11.8 

Calibration Error Test ............................... % of Span ................................................ NA ....... 0–30 50–60 80–100 11.7 

Dynamic Spiking ...................................... % of Limit b ............................................... NA ....... 30–60 80–120 130–180 11.9 

a Reference calibration material concentration must be NIST traceable. 

b Dynamic spiking concentrations are a percent of the applicable emission limit or the actual source emission concentration, whichever is 

larger. 

TABLE 5—STUDENTS T-VALUES 

n-1 a t-value n-1 a t-value n-1 a t-value n-1 a t-value 

5 ........................................................................................... 2.571 11 2.201 17 2.110 23 2.069 

6 ........................................................................................... 2.447 12 2.179 18 2.101 24 2.064 

7 ........................................................................................... 2.365 13 2.160 19 2.093 25 2.060 

8 ........................................................................................... 2.306 14 2.145 20 2.086 26 2.056 

9 ........................................................................................... 2.262 15 2.131 21 2.080 27 2.052 

10 ......................................................................................... 2.228 16 2.120 22 2.074 28 2.048 

aThe value n is the number of independent pairs of measurements (a pair consists of one spiked and its corresponding unspiked measurement). Either discreet (independent) measurements in a single run, or run averages can be used. 


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Performance Specification—18 APPENDIX A 

Dynamic Spiking Procedure 

A1. Scope and Application 

1.1 This appendix to Performance 

Specification (PS) 18 describes the procedure 

and performance requirements for dynamic 

spiking (DS) as a quality check for hydrogen 

chloride (HCl) continuous emission 

monitoring systems (CEMS). 

1.2 This appendix is applicable to quality 

checks of both extractive and integrated path 

(IP) technologies used to measure HCl 

emissions. 

1.3 When performed during PS–18 

qualification of an HCl CEMS, this procedure 

may be used, as allowed by individual rules 

or ongoing quality assurance requirements, as 

an alternative to cylinder gas audit tests and 

relative accuracy tests with a reference 

method. 

A2. Summary of the Appendix for 

Dynamic Spiking. 

Dynamic spiking is a gas phase method of 

standard additions used to verify the 

accuracy of CEMS in the presence of the 

sample matrix. It consists of spiking a known 

quantity of HCl into the measurement system 

that includes the native HCl and the native 

source gas matrix. 

A3. Definition. 

Dynamic Spiking (DS) means the 

procedure where a known concentration of 

HCl gas is injected into the probe sample gas 

stream for extractive CEMS at a known flow 

rate, or spiked into a calibration cell for insitu IP–CEMS in order to assess the ability of 

the measurement system to recover and 

measure HCl in the presence of potential 

interference from the flue gas matrix. 

A4. Interferences. Interferences are defined 

in PS–18, section 4.0. 

A5. Safety. The procedures required under 

this appendix may involve hazardous 

materials, operations and equipment. This 

procedure may not address all of the safety 

problems associated with these procedures. It 

is the user’s responsibility to establish 

appropriate safety and health practices and 

determine the applicable regulatory 

limitations prior to performing these 

procedures. The CEMS users should consult 

instrument operation manuals, compressed 

gas safety requirements such as Occupational 

Safety and Health Administration regulations 

and other material safety data sheets for 

specific precautions to be taken. 

A6. Equipment and Supplies. An example 

of equipment and supplies is described in 

section 6 of PS–18. 

A7. Reagents and Standards. Spiking 

materials must meet the quality requirements 

defined for calibration standards in section 7 

of PS–18 to perform this procedure. You 

must use HCl calibration material traceable to 

a National Institute of Standards and Testing 

(NIST) standard. 

(Note: The concentration of standard 

material required for dynamic spiking may be 

significantly higher than the concentration 

required to calibrate your CEMS.) 

A8. Dynamic Spiking Procedure. You must 

calculate the mean and relative standard 

deviation for the required number of 

dynamic spiking measurements to determine 

CEMS spike recovery. For initial 

demonstration of relative accuracy, you will 

compare the average of nine dynamic spike 

recovery measurements to the specifications 

in section A12 of this appendix. For ongoing 

relative accuracy assessment, you will 

compare the average of three dynamic spike 

recovery measurements to the requirements 

in section A12. 

8.1 Spiking Concentration and 

Measurement Replicates. 

8.1.1 You must add and measure the HCl 

gas spike at concentrations of approximately 

50, 100, and 150 percent of the applicable 

emission limit or source emission 

concentration, whichever is larger. 

8.1.2 You must measure each of the three 

spike gas concentrations (zero and two 

upscale) three times each for a total of nine 

independent measurements. Introduce the 

gases in such a manner that the entire CEMS 

is challenged. Do not measure the same gas 

concentration twice in succession. 

8.1.3 You may not exceed the calibration 

range above span when the spike and native 

HCl concentration are combined. 

8.1.4 You may perform dynamic spiking 

with NIST traceable calibration gas, 

humidified NIST traceable calibration gas, or 

NIST traceable liquid evaporative generated 

HCl gas. 

8.1.5 You must collect a pre- and postspike background measurement of stack HCl 

concentration for each spike measurement. 

8.1.6 As an alternative to making 

background measurements pre- and postspiking, you may use an independent 

continuous HCl monitor as a temporary unit 

to measure unspiked stack HCl concentration 

while simultaneously using the CEMS to 

measure the spike plus background/native 

concentration. 

8.1.7 You must collect background or 

native HCl measurements using both the 

installed HCl CEMS and the independent 

continuous HCl monitor to confirm the 

independent monitoring system measures the 


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same background concentration as the HCl 

CEMS being qualified with this PS. 

8.1.8 Background measurements must be 

corrected to the dilution affected by the spike 

additions. 

8.2 Extractive CEMS Dynamic Spiking 

Procedure 

8.2.1 Spike Additions. Your HCl spike 

addition may not alter the total volumetric 

sample system flow rate or basic dilution 

ratio of your CEMS (if applicable). 

8.2.2 You may add no more than 10 

percent of the total volumetric flow rate 

through the CEMS. 

8.2.3 You must determine a dilution 

factor (DF) or relative concentration of HCl 

for each dynamic spike. You must document 

the quantitative uncertainty of flow dilutions 

using Method 205. (Note: Since the spiking 

mass balance calculation is directly 

dependent on the accuracy of the DF 

determination, high accuracy is required for 

total volumetric flow rate, spike gas flow rate, 

or effective standard addition concentration 

as applicable to the technology you use. 

NIST-traceable flow meters, venturies and/or 

orifices accurate to within two percent or 

certified tracer gas measurements are 

required to make the necessary flow rate 

determination at the accuracy required for 

this performance specification.) 

8.2.4 You must monitor and record the 

total sampling system flow rate and sample 

dilution ratio (if applicable) for the spiking 

and stack gas sampling systems to ensure 

they are known and do not change during the 

spiking procedure. Record all data on a data 

sheet similar to Table 1 in section 13 of this 

appendix. 

8.2.4.1 You may either measure the spike 

gas flow and the total flow with a calibrated 

flow monitor capable of NIST traceable ± 2.0 

percent accuracy or calculate the flow using 

a stable tracer gas included in your spike gas 

standard. 

8.2.4.2 If you use flow measurements to 

determine the spike dilution, then use 

equation A1 in section 11 of this appendix 

to calculate the DF. Total probe flow 

measurement requires measurement of HCl 

spike flow (Qspike) and total flow through the 

CEM sampling system (Qprobe). 

8.2.4.3 If your CEMS is capable of 

measuring an independent stable tracer gas, 

you may use a spike gas that includes the 

tracer to determine the DF using equation A2 

in section 11 of this appendix. 

8.2.5 Begin by collecting unspiked 

sample measurements. You must use the 

average of two unspiked sample 

measurements as your pre-spike background. 

(Note: Measurements should agree within 

five percent or three times the level of 

detection to avoid biasing the spike recovery 

results.) 

8.2.5.1 Introduce the HCl gas spike into 

the permanent CEMS probe, upstream of the 

particulate filter or sample conditioning 

system and as close to the sampling inlet as 

practical. 

8.2.5.2 Maintain the HCl gas spike for at 

least twice the response time of your CEMS 

or until the consecutive measurements agree 

within five percent. Collect two independent 

measurements of the native plus spiked HCl 

concentration. 

8.2.5.3 Stop the flow of spike gas for at 

least twice the response time of your CEMS 

or until the consecutive measurements agree 

within five percent. Collect two independent 

measurements of the native HCl 

concentration. 

8.2.6 Repeat the collection of sample 

measurements in section 8.2.5 until you have 

data for each spike concentration for a total 

of nine sets of data including a final set of 

unspiked sample measurements according to 

section 8.2.5. 

8.2.7 Calculate the percent recovery for 

extractive CEMS as described in section 11.2 

of this appendix. 

8.2.8 If the spikes persistently show poor 

recovery repeatability, or if the recoveries are 

not within the range specified in section 12 

of this appendix, you must take corrective 

action and repeat the dynamic spiking 

accuracy procedure. 

8.3 Dynamic Spiking Procedure for IP– 

CEMS. 

8.3.1 For IP–CEMS, you must spike a 

known quantity of calibration gas into a 

calibration cell that is in the optical path 

used to make CEMS source measurements. 

8.3.2 Use calibration gas at a 

concentration that produces a signal 

equivalent to the ranges specified in Table 4 

of PS–18. 

8.3.3 Introduce zero gas into a 

permanently mounted calibration cell located 

in the optical measurement path of the 

instrument. Continue to flush the zero gas 

into the cell for at least the response time of 

your CEMS or until two consecutive 

measurements taken are within five percent, 

then collect two independent measurements. 

Introduce spike gas into the same calibration 

cell. Continue to flush the spike gas into the 

cell for at least the response time of your 

CEMS or until two consecutive 

measurements taken are within five percent. 

Then collect two independent measurements. 

8.3.4 Repeat the collection of sample 

spike and native HCl measurements in 

section 8.3.3 until you have data for each 

spike concentration for a total of nine sets of 

data including a final zero gas sample 

measurement. The measured concentrations 

must be corrected for calibration cell and 

stack temperature, pressure and stack 

measurement path length. 

8.3.5 Calculate the percent spike recovery 

(%SA) for IP–CEMS, as described in section 

11.2.3.5, using the appropriate equations in 

section 11.2 of this appendix. 

8.3.6 If the spikes persistently show poor 

repeatability, or if the recoveries are not 

within the range specified in section 12 of 

this appendix, you must take corrective 

action and repeat the dynamic spiking 

accuracy procedure. 

A9. Quality Control. (Reserved) 

A10. Calibration and Standardization. 

(Reserved) 

A11. Calculations and Data Analysis. 

Calculate the spike recoveries for each 

injection and its associated pair of native HCl 

measurements, using equations in this 

section. (Note: For cases where the emission 

standard is expressed in units of lb/MMBtu 

or corrected to a specified O2 or CO2

concentration, an absolute accuracy 

specification based on a span at stack 

conditions may be calculated using the 

average concentration and applicable 

conversion factors. The appropriate 

procedures for use in cases where a percent 

removal standard is more restrictive than the 

emission standard are the same as in 40 CFR 

part 60 PS–2, sections 12 and 13.) 

11.1 Nomenclature 

Ci = Actual HCl calibration gas concentration 

used for test i (ppmv); 

Ci,eff = Spike equivalent concentration of the 

reference value, Ci, at the specified 

conditions; 

Cspike gas = Actual HCl standard gas 

concentration spiked (e.g., bottle or 

standard gas concentration) ppmv; 

Ctracer spiked = Tracer gas concentration 

injected with spike gas (‘‘standard 

concentration’’) ppmv; 

Cexpected = Expected HCl concentration 

response for dynamic spike; 

CC = Confidence coefficient; 

DF = Spiked gas dilution factor; 

LSM = Line strength factor for integrated 

path; measurements, temperature 

dependent derivation from the HITRAN 

database (see http://

www.cfa.harvard.edu/hitran/ for 

HITRAN access); 

MCi = Measured HCl calibration gas 

concentration i (ppmv); 

MCnative = Average measured concentration of 

the native HCl (ppmv); 

Mnative tracer = Measured tracer gas 

concentration present in native effluent 

gas (ppmv); 

Mspiked tracer = Measured diluted tracer gas 

concentration in a spiked sample 

(ppmv); 

n = Number of measurements in an average 

value; 

PLCell = Path length of IP–CEMS calibration 

cell; 

PLStack = Path length of IP–CEMS stack 

optical path; 

Qspike = Flow rate of the dynamic spike gas 

(Lpm); 

Qprobe = Average total stack sample flow 

through the system (Lpm); 

S = Span; 

%SA = Spike recovery accuracy (percent); 

%SRavg = Mean dynamic spike recovery 

(percent); 

%SRi = Dynamic spike recovery (percent); 

Sd = Standard deviation of the differences; 

t0.975 = One-sided Students t-value n-1 

measurements; 

Tstack = Temperature of the stack gas; 

Treference = Temperature measured by the 

reference temperature indicator. 

11.2 Calculating Dynamic Spike Recovery 

for Extractive CEMS. 

11.2.1 If you determine your spike 

dilution factor using spike gas and stack 

sample flow measurements, calculate the 

dilution factor for dynamic spiking accuracy 

tests using equation A1: 

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11.2.2 If you determine your spike 

dilution factor using an independent stable 

tracer gas that is not present in the native 

source gas, calculate the dilution factor for 

dynamic spiking using equation A2: 

11.2.3 If you determine your spike 

dilution factor using an independent stable 

tracer that is present in the native source gas, 

calculate the dilution factor for dynamic 

spiking using equation A3: 

11.2.3.1 Calculate the percent spike 

recovery (SRi) between the CEMS results and 

the spike gas concentration for each spiked 

sample measurement using equation A4. 

11.2.3.2 You must calculate the mean of 

the recovery for the nine (or more) dynamic 

spikes using equation A5. 

11.2.3.3 You must calculate the standard 

deviation of the spike recoveries for the nine 

(or more) dynamic spiking measurements to 

determine CEMS accuracy using equation 

A6. 

11.2.3.4 Calculate the confidence 

coefficient (CC) for the relative accuracy tests 

using equation A7. 

11.2.3.5 Calculate the percent %SA for 

the extractive CEMS using equation A8. 

11.3 DS Recovery for IP–CEMS. 

11.3.1 If you use an in-situ IP–CEMS and 

a calibration cell, calculate and substitute the 

spike equivalent concentration Ci,eff for Cspike

using equation A9: 


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11.3.2 Calculate the percent spike 

equivalent recovery (%SRi) between the 

CEMS results and the spike equivalent 

concentration for each spiked sample 

measurement using equation A10. 

11.3.3 Calculate the average spike 

recovery (SRavg) using equation A11. 

11.3.4 Calculate the standard deviation of 

the spike recoveries for the nine (or more) 

dynamic spiking measurements to determine 

CEMS accuracy using equation A12. 

11.3.5 Calculate the confidence 

coefficient (CC) for the spiking accuracy 

using equation A13. 

11.3.6 Calculate the relative spike 

recovery accuracy (%SA) for the IP–CEMS 

using equation A14. 

A12. Performance Requirements DS 

Spike Accuracy Check. 

12.1 The %SA of the average CEMS 

results calculated using equation A8 for 

extractive CEMS or equation A14 for IP– 

CEMS in the units of HCl concentration 

(ppm) must be less than or equal to 25 

percent of (the average of) the spiked sample 

concentration. 

A13. Tables and Figures. 

TABLE 1—SPIKE RECOVERY WORK SHEET

Facility name: Date: Time: 

Unit(s) tested: Test personnel: 

Analyzer make and model: 

Serial number: 

Calibration range above span: 


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Qprobe

(lpm) 

Qspike

(lpm) CF1

Cnative Actual Values SR 

(% spike 

Pre Post Avg recovery) Ci

2

(ppmv) 

MCss3

(ppmv) 

Average 

SD 

1 CF must be ≥ 10 for extractive CEMS. 2 Ci = Actual HCl concentration of the spike gas, ppmv. 3 MCss = Measured HCl concentration of the spiked sample at the target level, ppmv. 

■ 3. Appendix F to part 60 is amended 

by adding Procedure 6 to read as 

follows: 

Appendix F to Part 60—Quality 

Assurance Procedures 

* * * * * 

Procedure 6. Quality Assurance 

Requirements for Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride 

(HCl) Continuous Emission Monitoring 

Systems Used for Compliance Determination 

at Stationary Sources 

1.0 Applicability and Principle. 

1.1 Applicability. Procedure 6 is used to 

evaluate the effectiveness of quality control 

(QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures 

and evaluate the quality of data produced by 

any hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, CAS: 7647– 

01–0, continuous emission monitoring 

system (CEMS) that is used for determining 

compliance with emission standards for HCl 

on a continuous basis as specified in an 

applicable permit or regulation. 

1.1.1 This procedure specifies the 

minimum QA requirements necessary for the 

control and assessment of the quality of 

CEMS data submitted to the Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA). Source owners and 

operators responsible for one or more CEMS 

used for HCl compliance monitoring must 

meet these minimum requirements and are 

encouraged to develop and implement a 

more extensive QA program or to continue 

such programs where they already exist. 

1.1.2 Data collected as a result of QA and 

QC measures required in this procedure are 

to be submitted to the EPA or the delegated 

authority. These data are to be used by both 

the responsible agency and the CEMS 

operator in assessing the effectiveness of the 

CEMS QC and QA procedures in the 

maintenance of acceptable CEMS operation 

and valid emission data. 

1.2 Principle. 

1.2.1 The QA procedures consist of two 

distinct and equally important functions. 

One function is the assessment of the quality 

of the HCl CEMS data by estimating 

accuracy. The other function is the control 

and improvement of the quality of the CEMS 

data by implementing QC policies and 

corrective actions. These two functions form 

an iterative control loop. When the 

assessment function indicates that the data 

quality is inadequate, the control effort must 

be increased until the data quality is 

acceptable. In order to provide uniformity in 

the assessment and reporting of data quality, 

this procedure specifies the assessment 

procedures to evaluate response drift and 

accuracy. The procedures specified are based 

on Performance Specification 18 (PS–18) in 

appendix B of this part. Procedure 6 also 

requires the analysis of reference method 

audit samples, if they are available, 

concurrently with reference method tests as 

specified in the general provisions of the 

applicable part. (Note: Because the control 

and corrective action function encompasses a 

variety of policies, specifications, standards 

and corrective measures, this procedure 

treats QC requirements in general terms to 

allow each source owner or operator to 

develop the most effective and efficient QC 

system for their circumstances.) 

2.0 Definitions. 

2.1 Calibration Cell means a gas 

containment cell used with cross stack or 

integrated path (IP) monitoring systems to 

perform precision and calibration checks. 

The cell may be a removable sealed cell or 

an evacuated and/or purged cell capable of 

exchanging calibration and zero gases. When 

charged for calibration, the calibration cell 

contains a known concentration of 

calibration gas. The calibration cell is filled 

with zero gas or removed from the optical 

path during normal stack gas measurement. 

2.2 Calibration Drift (CD) means the 

absolute value of the difference between the 

CEMS output response and an upscale 

reference gas or a zero-level reference gas, 

expressed as a percentage of the span value, 

when the CEMS is challenged after a stated 

period of operation during which no 

unscheduled maintenance or repair took 

place. A separate CD determination must be 

performed for pollutant and diluent 

analyzers. The calibration standards must 

meet the requirements of section 7.0 in PS– 

18 of Appendix B in this part. 

2.3 Continuous Emission Monitoring 

System (CEMS) means the total equipment 

required under the emission monitoring 

sections in applicable subparts, used to 

sample and condition (if applicable), to 

analyze, and to provide a permanent record 

of emissions or process parameters. 

2.4 Diluent Gas means a major gaseous 

constituent in a gaseous pollutant mixture. 

For combustion sources, either carbon 

dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2) or a 

combination of these two gases are the major 

gaseous diluents of interest. 

2.5 Dynamic Spiking (DS) means, for 

extractive CEMS, the procedure where a 

known concentration of HCl gas is injected 

into the sample gas stream at the probe with 

a known flow rate; for in-situ IP–CEMS, it is 

a procedure where a known concentration of 

HCl gas is spiked into a calibration cell. In 

both cases, the procedure is performed to 

assess the accurate recovery of HCl 

introduced into the measurement system in 

the presence of potential interference from 

the flue gas sample matrix. 

2.6 Liquid Evaporative Standard means a 

calibration standard produced by vaporizing 

National Institute of Standards and Testing 

(NIST) traceable liquid standards of known 

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HCl concentration and quantitatively mixing 

the resultant vapor with a diluent carrier gas. 

2.7 Span Value means the calibration 

portion of the measurement range as 

established by the applicable regulatory 

requirement. If the span is not specified by 

an applicable regulation or other 

requirement, then it must be equal to an 

instrument value representative of twice the 

emission limit. 

2.8 HCl concentration values (Zero, LowLevel, Mid-Level and High-Level Values) 

means the values that are defined in Table 4 

of PS–18 in Appendix B of this part. 

2.9 Relative Accuracy (RA) means the 

value calculated using Equation 15 of PS–18 

in Appendix B of this part or as specified in 

an applicable regulation. The RA is the 

absolute mean difference between the gas 

concentration determined by the CEMS and 

the value determined by the reference 

method (RM), plus the 2.5 percent error 

confidence coefficient of a series of tests 

divided by the average of the RM or the 

applicable emission standard. 

3.0 QC Plan Requirements. 

3.1 Each source owner or operator must 

develop and implement a QC program. As a 

minimum, each QC program must include 

written procedures and/or manufacturer’s 

information which should describe in detail, 

complete, step-by-step procedures and 

operations for each of the following 

activities: 

(a) CD checks of HCl CEMS; 

(b) CD determination and adjustment of 

HCl CEMS; 

(c) Integrated path HCl CEMS emission 

source (e.g., stack) temperature and pressure 

accuracy; 

(d) Integrated path HCl CEMS beam 

intensity checks; 

(e) Routine and preventative maintenance 

of HCl CEMS (including spare parts 

inventory); 

(f) Data recording, calculations, and 

reporting; 

(g) Accuracy audit procedures for HCl 

CEMS including sampling and analysis 

methods; and 

(h) Program of corrective action for 

malfunctioning HCl CEMS. 

3.2 These written procedures must be 

kept on record and available for inspection 

by the enforcement agency. As described in 

section 5.3, whenever excessive inaccuracies 

occur for two consecutive quarters, the 

source owner or operator must revise the 

current written procedures or modify or 

replace the CEMS to correct the deficiency 

causing the excessive inaccuracies. 

4.0 Daily Quality Requirements, 

Calibration and Measurement 

Standardization Procedures. 

4.1 CD Assessment. 

4.1.1 CD Requirement. As described in 40 

CFR 60.13(d) and 63.8(c), source owners and 

operators of HCl CEMS must check, record, 

and quantify the CD at two concentration 

values and at the calibration range above 

span (CRAS) concentration value at least 

once daily (approximately 24 hours) in 

accordance with the method prescribed by 

the manufacturer. The HCl CEMS calibration 

must, at a minimum, be adjusted whenever 

the daily zero (or low-level) CD or the daily 

high-level CD exceeds two times the drift 

limits of the applicable performance 

specification (e.g., PS–18 in Appendix B to 

this part). 

4.1.2 Recording Requirement for 

Automatic CD Adjusting CEMS. A CEMS that 

automatically adjusts the data to the 

corrected calibration values (e.g., 

microprocessor control) must be programmed 

to record the unadjusted concentration 

measured in the CD prior to resetting the 

calibration, if performed, or record the 

amount of adjustment. 

4.1.3 Criteria for Excessive CD. If either 

the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD result 

exceeds twice the drift requirement in the 

applicable performance specification in 

Appendix B of this part for five consecutive 

daily periods, the CEMS is out-of-control. If 

either the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD 

result exceeds four times the applicable drift 

specification during any CD check, the CEMS 

is out-of-control. If the CEMS is out-ofcontrol, take necessary corrective action. 

Following corrective action, repeat the CD 

checks. 

4.1.4 Out-Of-Control Period Definition. 

The beginning of the out-of-control period for 

the CEMS calibration is the time 

corresponding to the completion of the fifth 

consecutive daily check with a CD in excess 

of two times the allowable limit, or the time 

corresponding to the completion of the daily 

CD check preceding the daily CD check that 

results in a CD in excess of four times the 

allowable limits. The end of the out-ofcontrol period is the time corresponding to 

the completion of the CD check following 

corrective action that results in the CDs at 

both the zero (or low-level) and high-level 

measurement points being within the 

corresponding allowable CD limit (i.e., either 

two times or four times the allowable limit 

of the applicable rule). 

4.2 Beam Intensity Requirement for HCl 

integrated path-CEMS (IP–CEMS). 

4.2.1 Beam Intensity Verification. Source 

owners and operators of HCl IP–CEMS must 

quantify and record the beam intensity of 

their IP–CEMS in appropriate units at least 

once daily (approximately 24 hours apart) 

according to manufacturer’s specifications 

and procedures. 

4.2.2 Criteria for Excessive Beam 

Intensity Loss. If the beam intensity falls 

below the level established for the operation 

range determined following the procedures 

in section 11.2 of PS–18 of this part, then the 

HCl CEMS is out-of-control. This quality 

check is independent of whether the HCl 

CEMS daily calibration drift is acceptable. If 

the HCl CEMS is out-of-control, take 

necessary corrective action. Following 

corrective action, repeat the beam intensity 

check. 

4.3 CEMS Data Status During Out-ofControl Period. During the period the CEMS 

is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be 

used in calculating compliance with an 

emissions limit nor be counted towards 

meeting minimum data availability as 

required and described in the applicable 

regulation or permit. 

5.0 Data Accuracy Assessment. 

Each CEMS must be audited at least once 

each calendar quarter. Successive quarterly 

audits shall occur no closer than two months. 

5.1 Temperature and Pressure Accuracy 

Assessment for IP CEMS. 

5.1.1 Stack or source gas temperature 

measurement audits for HCl IP–CEMS must 

be conducted and recorded at least quarterly 

in accordance with the procedure described 

in section 11.3 of PS–18 in Appendix B of 

this part. Any measurement instrument or 

device that is used to conduct ongoing 

verification of temperature measurement 

must have an accuracy that is traceable to 

NIST. 

5.1.2 Stack or source gas pressure 

measurements for HCl IP–CEMS must be 

checked and recorded at least quarterly in 

accordance with the procedure described in 

section 11.4 of PS–18 in Appendix B of this 

part. Any measurement instrument or device 

that is used to conduct ongoing verification 

of pressure measurement must have an 

accuracy that is traceable to NIST. 

5.1.3 Excessive Parameter Verification 

Inaccuracy. If the temperature or pressure 

verification exceeds the criteria in section 

5.3.5, the HCl CEMS is out-of-control. If the 

CEMS is out-of-control, take necessary 

corrective action to eliminate the problem. 

Following corrective action, the source 

owner or operator must repeat the failed 

verification to determine if the HCl CEMS is 

operating within the specifications. 

5.2 Concentration Accuracy Auditing 

Requirements. The accuracy of each HCl 

CEMS must be audited at least once each 

calendar quarter (except the quarter the 

relative accuracy audit test (RATA) is 

conducted) by dynamic spiking audit (DSA), 

a cylinder gas audit (CGA), a relative 

accuracy audit (RAA), or other acceptable 

alternative. Successive quarterly audits must 

occur no closer than two months apart. The 

accuracy audits shall be conducted as 

follows: 

5.2.1 Relative Accuracy Test Audit. The 

RATA must be conducted at least once every 

four calendar quarters, except as otherwise 

noted in section 5.2.5 of this procedure. 

Unless otherwise specified in an applicable 

regulation or permit, conduct the RATA 

during process operating conditions 

representing average production and full 

control operation at the source as specified 

in section 11.9.4 of PS–18 in Appendix B of 

this part. 

5.2.1.1 Repeating the stratification test in 

section 11.9.3 is not required unless the flow 

path of the emission stream has been altered 

or changed since the initial RATA. 

5.2.1.2 You must analyze and pass the 

appropriate performance audit samples for 

the reference method (i.e., Method 26 and 

Method 26A) as described in the general 

provisions to the applicable part (e.g. 40 CFR 

part 60 or 63). 

5.2.1.3 If the measured source 

concentration during a RATA is 20 percent 

or less than the applicable emission standard, 

you must perform a CGA or a DSA for at least 

one subsequent (one of the following three) 

quarterly audits. 

5.2.2 Quarterly Cylinder Gas Audit. A 

quarterly CGA may be conducted as an 

option to conducting a RATA in three of four 

calendar quarters, but in no more than three 

quarters in succession. 

5.2.2.1 To perform a CGA, challenge the 

CEMS with a zero-level and two upscale 

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level audit gases of known concentrations 

within the following ranges: 

Audit point Audit range 

1 (Mid-Level) 50 to 60% of span value. 

2 (High-Level) 80 to 120% of span value. 

5.2.2.2 Sequentially inject each of the 

three audit gases (zero and two upscale) three 

times each for a total of nine injections. Inject 

the gases in such a manner that the entire 

CEMS is challenged. Do not inject the same 

gas concentration twice in succession. 

5.2.2.3 Use HCl audit gases that are NIST 

certified or NIST traceable. Cylinder gases 

must be certified accurate to a tolerance of 

five percent or less. 

5.2.2.4 Calculate results as described in 

section 6.3. 

5.2.3 Dynamic Spiking Audit (DSA). A 

DSA may be conducted as an option to a 

RATA in three of four calendar quarters, but 

in no more than three quarters in succession. 

5.2.3.1 To conduct a DSA, you must 

conduct the dynamic spiking procedure as 

described in Appendix A to PS–18 of 

Appendix B to this part. 

5.2.3.2 You must calculate the mean and 

relative standard deviation for dynamic 

spiking measurements to determine CEMS 

accuracy. 

5.2.3.3 For extractive HCl CEMS, you 

must perform the DSA by passing the spiked 

source gas through all filters, scrubbers, 

conditioners and other monitoring system 

components used during normal sampling, 

and as much of the sampling probe as is 

practical. For IP–CEMS, you must perform 

the DSA by adding or passing a known 

concentration calibration gas into a 

calibration cell in the optical path of the 

CEMS. You must include the source 

measurement optical path while performing 

a DSA using an IP–CEMS. 

5.2.4 Relative Accuracy Audit (RAA). As 

an alternative to a CGA or DSA, an RAA may 

be conducted in one to three of four calendar 

quarters. To conduct an RAA, follow the 

RATA test procedures in section 11.9 of PS– 

18 in Appendix B to this part, except that 

only three test runs are required. 

5.2.5 Other Alternative Quarterly Audits. 

Other alternative audit procedures, as 

approved by the Administrator, may be used 

for three of four calendar quarters. One 

RATA is required at least every four calendar 

quarters, except in the case where the 

affected facility is off-line (does not operate 

in the fourth calendar quarter since the 

quarter of the previous RATA). In that case, 

the RATA shall be performed in the quarter 

in which the unit recommences operation. 

Also, a CGA, DSA, RAA, or RATA is not 

required for calendar quarters in which the 

affected facility does not operate. 

5.3 Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. If the 

results of the RATA, the DSA, CGA, or RAA 

exceed the criteria in section 5.3.5, the HCl 

CEMS is out-of-control. If the CEMS is outof-control, take necessary corrective action to 

eliminate the problem. Following corrective 

action, the source owner or operator must 

audit the CEMS with a RATA, DSA, CGA, or 

RAA to determine if the HCl CEMS is 

operating within the specifications. 

5.3.1 A RATA must always follow an outof-control period resulting from a RATA. 

5.3.2 If the audit results show the CEMS 

to be out-of-control, the CEMS operator shall 

report both the audit showing the CEMS to 

be out-of-control and the results of the audit 

following corrective action showing the 

CEMS to be operating within specifications. 

5.3.3 Out-Of-Control Period Definition. 

The beginning of the out-of-control period is 

the time corresponding to the completion of 

the sampling for the failed RATA, CGA or 

DSA. The end of the out-of-control period is 

the time corresponding to the completion of 

the sampling of the subsequent successful 

audit. 

5.3.4 CEMS Data Status During Out-OfControl Period. During the period the CEMS 

is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be 

used in calculating emission compliance nor 

be counted towards meeting minimum data 

availability as required and described in the 

applicable regulation or permit. 

5.3.5 Criteria for Excessive Quarterly Test 

Inaccuracy. Unless specified otherwise in the 

applicable regulation or permit, the criteria 

for excessive inaccuracy are: 

(a) For the RATA, the allowable RA is 

equal to 20 percent of the RM when RMavg

is used in the denominator of equation 15 in 

PS–18 of Appendix B to this part. In cases 

where the average emission level for the test 

is less than 50 percent of the applicable 

standard, you may substitute the equivalent 

emission standard value (in ppmvw) in the 

denominator of equation 15 in the place of 

RMavg and this alternative calculation of RA 

must be less than or equal to 15 percent of 

the RM. 

(b) For CGA, the allowable calibration error 

in PS–18 of Appendix B to this part is 

applicable (less than five percent of span). 

(c) For the DSA, the allowable RA is + 15 

percent of the average spike value or ± 20 

percent of the applicable emission standard 

at source conditions under the production 

rate during the time of the DSA, whichever 

is greater. 

(d) For temperature verification, the CEMS 

must satisfy the requirements in section 

13.5.4 in PS–18 of Appendix B to this part. 

(e) For pressure verification, the CEMS 

must satisfy the requirements in section 

13.5.5 in PS–18 of Appendix B to this part. 

5.4 Criteria for Acceptable QC 

Procedures. Repeated excessive inaccuracies 

(i.e., out-of-control conditions resulting from 

the quarterly audits) indicate that the QC 

procedures are inadequate or that the CEMS 

is incapable of providing quality data. 

Therefore, whenever excessive inaccuracies 

occur for two consecutive quarters, the 

source owner or operator must revise the QC 

procedures (see section 3.0) or modify or 

replace the CEMS. 

5.5 Criteria for Optional QA Test 

Frequency. If all the quality criteria are met 

in section 4 and 5 of this procedure, the 

CEMS is in-control. 

5.5.1 If the CEMS is in-control and if the 

source releases ≤ 75 percent of the HCl 

emission limit for eight consecutive quarters 

that include a minimum of two RATA, the 

source owner or operator may revise their 

auditing procedures to use CGA, RAA or 

DSA each quarter for eight subsequent 

quarters following a RATA. 

5.5.2 The source owner or operator must 

perform at least one RATA that meets the 

acceptance criteria every two years. 

If the source owner or operator fails a 

RATA, CGA, or DSA, then the audit schedule 

in section 5.2 must be followed until the 

audit’s results meet the criteria in section 

5.3.5 to start requalifying for the optional QA 

test frequency in section 5.5. 

6.0 Calculations for CEMS Data 

Accuracy. 

6.1 RATA RA Calculation. Follow 

equation 15 in Section 12 of PS–18 in 

Appendix B to this part to calculate the RA 

for the RATA. The RATA must be calculated 

in units of the applicable emission standard. 

6.2 CGA Accuracy Calculation. For each 

reference gas concentration, determine the 

average of the three CEMS responses and 

subtract the average response for the 

reference gas value. For extractive HCl 

CEMS, calculate the measurement error at 

each gas level using Equation 3 in section 

12.3 of PS–18 in Appendix B to this part. For 

IP–CEMS, calculate the measurement error at 

each gas level using Equation 6 in section 

12.6 of PS–18. Calculate CGA accuracy in 

units of the appropriate concentration (e.g., 

ppmvd, lb/MWhr, lb/MMBtu). 

6.3 DSA Accuracy Calculation. 

6.3.1 For extractive HCl CEMS, use the 

equations described in section 11.2 in 

Appendix A of PS–18 of this part to calculate 

the accuracy for the dynamic spike accuracy 

assessment. The DSA reported as the percent 

spike recovery accuracy (%SA) must be 

calculated in units of the applicable emission 

standard (e.g., ppmv). 

6.3.2 For HCl IP–CEMS, use the equations 

described in section 11.3 in Appendix A of 

PS–18 to this part to calculate the accuracy 

for the dynamic spike accuracy assessment 

for IP–CEMS. The DSA reported as the 

percent spike recovery accuracy (%SA) must 

be calculated in units of the applicable 

emission standard (e.g., ppmvd, lb/MWhr, lb/ 

MMBtu). 

7.0 Reporting Requirements. 

At the reporting interval specified in the 

applicable regulation or permit, report for 

each CEMS the accuracy results from section 

6 and the CD assessment results from section 

4. 

7.1 Report the drift and accuracy 

information as a Data Assessment Report 

(DAR), and include one copy of this DAR for 

each quarterly audit with the report of 

emissions required under the applicable 

subparts of this part or other applicable 

regulations or permits. An example of a DAR 

format is shown in Figure 1. 

7.1.1 At a minimum, the DAR must 

contain the following information: 

a. Source owner or operator name and 

address. 

b. Identification and location of monitors 

in the CEMS. 

c. Manufacturer and model number of each 

monitor in the CEMS. 

d. Assessment of CEMS data accuracy and 

date of assessment as determined by a RATA, 

CGA or DSA described in section 5 

including: 

• The RA for the RATA; 

• The RA for the CGA or DSA; 

• Beam intensity results for IP–CEMS; 

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• The RM results, the cylinder gases 

certified values; 

• The CEMS responses; 

• The calculations results as defined in 

section 6; 

• Results from EPA performance audit 

samples described in section 5 and the 

applicable RMs; and 

• Summary of all corrective actions taken 

when CEMS was determined out-of-control, 

as described in sections 4 and 5. 

7.1.2 If the accuracy audit results show 

the CEMS to be out-of-control, the CEMS 

operator shall report both the audit results 

showing the CEMS to be out-of-control and 

the results of the audit following corrective 

action showing the CEMS to be operating 

within specifications. 

8.0 Bibliography. 

1. ‘‘A Procedure for Establishing 

Traceability of Gas Mixtures to Certain 

National Bureau of Standards Standard 

Reference Materials.’’ Joint publication by 

NBS and EPA–600/7–81—10, Revised 1989. 

Available from the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Quality Assurance 

Division (MD–77). Research Triangle Park, 

NC 27711. 

2. Method 205, ‘‘Verification of Gas 

Dilution Systems for Field Instrument 

Calibrations,’’ 40 CFR 51, appendix M. 

9.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts and 

Validation Data. 

9.1 Accuracy assessment results. 

Complete the applicable DAR sections (A, B 

and C) for each CEMS or for each pollutant 

and diluent analyzer, as applicable. If the 

quarterly audit results show the CEMS to be 

out-of-control, report the results of both the 

quarterly audit and the audit following 

corrective action showing the CEMS to be 

operating properly. 

FIGURE 1—EXAMPLE FORMAT FOR DATA ASSESSMENT REPORT

Period ending date 

Year 

Company name 

Plant name 

Source unit No. 

CEMS manufacturer 

Model No. 

CEMS serial No. 

CEMS type (e.g., extractive, integrated path) 

CEMS sampling location (e.g., control device outlet) 

CEMS span values as per the applicable regulation: llllll (e.g., HCl ppmv) 

A—RELATIVE ACCURACY TEST AUDIT (RATA) FOR HCL IN ppmv 

1. Date of audit llllll 

2. Reference methods (RMs) used llllll (e.g., Methods 26A, 320, 321). 

3. Average RM value ll (e.g., lb/MMw, ng/J, mg/dsm 3, or percent volume). 

4. Average CEMS value ll . 

5. Absolute value of mean difference [d] ll. 

6. Confidence coefficient [CC] ll. 

7. Percent relative accuracy (RA) ll percent. 

8. * Method 26A performance audit results: 

a. Audit lot number (1) ll (2) ll 

b. Audit sample number (1) ll (2) ll 

c. Results (mg/dsm 3) (1) ll (2) ll 

d. Actual value (mg/dsm 3) (1) ll (2)ll 

e. Relative error (1) ll (2) ll 

* As applicable 

B—CYLINDER GAS AUDIT (CGA) FOR HCL IN ppmv 

Audit 

point 1 

Audit 

point 2 

1. Date of audit 

2. Cylinder ID number 

3. Date of certification 

4. Type of certification ........................................ ........................... ........................... e.g., EPA Protocol 1 or CRM). 

5. Certified audit value ....................................... ........................... ........................... (e.g., ppm). 

6. CEMS response value ................................... ........................... ........................... (e.g., ppm). 

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B—CYLINDER GAS AUDIT (CGA) FOR HCL IN ppmv—Continued 

Audit 

point 1 

Audit 

point 2 

7. Accuracy ........................................................ ........................... ........................... Percent. 

C—DYNAMIC SPIKING AUDIT (DSA) FOR HCL IN ppmv 

Concentration 

1 

Concentration 

2 

Concentration 

3 

1. Date of audit 

2. Effective Spike Addition (ppmv) 

3. Average CEMS value 

4. Spike Recovery Accuracy (%SA) 

5. Average Recovery Accuracy (%SA average.) 

[FR Doc. 2014–10824 Filed 5–13–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

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