In cooperation with Illinois

Agricultural Experiment

Station

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Douglas County,

Illinois

This publication consists of a manuscript and a set of soil maps. The information

provided can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map

Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in

that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and

shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed

soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address

your specific needs.

i

How To Use This Soil Survey
Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online

from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

ii

National Cooperative Soil Survey

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural

Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the

National Cooperative Soil Survey. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural

Resources Conservation Service and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. The

survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Douglas County Soil and

Water Conservation District. Financial assistance was provided by Douglas County and

the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Major fieldwork for this survey was completed in 1966. Soil names and descriptions

for the update survey were approved in 2003. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in

this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2004. The most current

information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web

Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey

information.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Original soil survey maps

were prepared at publication scale. Viewing scale and printing scale, however, may vary

from the original. The bar scale on each map sheet indicates the proper map

measurements.

Nondiscrimination Statement

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs

and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where

applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual

orientation, genetic information, or political beliefs. USDA also prohibits discrimination in

the form of reprisal and in situations where all or part of an individual’s income is derived

from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program

information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center

at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA,

Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C.

20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal

opportunity provider and employer.

Caption for Cover Photo

Fall colors and pasture associated with an area of Sabina soils south of Atwood.
iii

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey .......................................................................................i

Numerical Index to Map Units .................................................................................. vii

Foreword ..................................................................................................................... ix

General Nature of the Survey Area .............................................................................. 1

History and Development ......................................................................................... 1

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage ......................................................................... 4

Natural Resources ................................................................................................... 5

Climate ..................................................................................................................... 6

How This Survey Was Made ........................................................................................ 7

Formation and Classification of the Soils................................................................ 9

Formation of the Soils .............................................................................................. 9

Parent Material .................................................................................................... 9

Climate .............................................................................................................. 12

Plant and Animal Life ......................................................................................... 13

Relief ................................................................................................................. 14

Time ................................................................................................................... 15

Classification of the Soils ....................................................................................... 15

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units ................................................................. 17

Birkbeck Series ...................................................................................................... 18

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 20

Blackberry Series ................................................................................................... 21

679B—Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes................................................. 23

Brenton Series ....................................................................................................... 24

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..................................................... 26

Brooklyn Series ...................................................................................................... 26

136A—Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................................... 29

Camden Series ...................................................................................................... 30

134B—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 31

Catlin Series........................................................................................................... 32

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................ 34

Clare Series ........................................................................................................... 34

663B—Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......................................................... 36

Dana Series ........................................................................................................... 37

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................... 39

Drummer Series ..................................................................................................... 40

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................... 41

722A—Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............................ 42

Elburn Series ......................................................................................................... 43

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 45

Fincastle Series ..................................................................................................... 46

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................... 48

Flanagan Series ..................................................................................................... 49

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................... 51

Harpster Series ...................................................................................................... 51

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes............................................. 53
iv

Hartsburg Series .................................................................................................... 54

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes......................................... 55

Harvard Series ....................................................................................................... 56

344B—Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..................................................... 57

Kendall Series ........................................................................................................ 58

242A—Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................................................... 60

Kernan Series ........................................................................................................ 61

554A—Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................................................... 63

554B—Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 64

Martinsville Series.................................................................................................. 65

570B—Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................... 67

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded .................................... 67

570D2—Martinsville loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded .................................. 68

Medway Series ...................................................................................................... 69

8682A—Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded...................... 71

Milford Series ......................................................................................................... 71

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................ 73

722A—Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............................ 74

747A—Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............................................ 75

Millbrook Series ..................................................................................................... 76

219A—Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................... 78

MW—Miscellaneous water..................................................................................... 79

Mona Series ........................................................................................................... 79

448C3—Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded............................... 80

Octagon Series ...................................................................................................... 81

656C2—Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ................................... 82

802D—Orthents, loamy, rolling .............................................................................. 83

809F—Orthents, loamy-skeletal, acid, steep ......................................................... 84

Peotone Series....................................................................................................... 85

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................... 86

864—Pits, quarries ................................................................................................ 87

865—Pits, gravel .................................................................................................... 87

Plano Series........................................................................................................... 87

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................ 89

Proctor Series ........................................................................................................ 90

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 91

Raub Series ........................................................................................................... 92

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................................... 94

Russell Series ........................................................................................................ 94

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded..................................... 96

Rutland Series ....................................................................................................... 97

375A—Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..................................................... 99

Sabina Series....................................................................................................... 100

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................... 102

Sawmill Series ..................................................................................................... 102

1107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently

flooded ........................................................................................................... 104

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .......... 105

Senachwine Series .............................................................................................. 106

618C2—Senachwine silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 107

618D2—Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ......................... 108

618F—Senachwine silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes ........................................ 109

Sexton Series ....................................................................................................... 110

208A—Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes..................................................... 112
v

Shaffton Series .................................................................................................... 113

3183A—Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................. 114

Starks Series ....................................................................................................... 115

132A—Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..................................................... 117

Sunbury Series .................................................................................................... 118

234A—Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................. 120

234B—Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................. 121

Toronto Series ...................................................................................................... 122

353A—Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................... 124

533—Urban land .................................................................................................. 124

W—Water............................................................................................................. 124

Wingate Series ..................................................................................................... 125

348B—Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................. 126

Xenia Series......................................................................................................... 127

291B—Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 129

Zook Series .......................................................................................................... 130

3405A—Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .............. 131

Use and Management of the Soils ........................................................................ 133

Interpretive Ratings .............................................................................................. 133

Rating Class Terms.......................................................................................... 133

Numerical Ratings ........................................................................................... 133

Crops and Pasture ............................................................................................... 134

Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland .................................................... 134

Limitations and Hazards Affecting Pastureland ............................................... 138

Yields per Acre ................................................................................................ 144

Land Capability Classification .......................................................................... 146

Prime Farmland ............................................................................................... 147

Hydric Soils .......................................................................................................... 147

Forestland ............................................................................................................ 149

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings............................................................ 149

Recreation............................................................................................................ 150

Wildlife Habitat ..................................................................................................... 152

Engineering .......................................................................................................... 155

Building Site Development ............................................................................... 156

Sanitary Facilities............................................................................................. 157

Construction Materials ..................................................................................... 159

Water Management ......................................................................................... 160

Soil Properties ........................................................................................................ 163

Engineering Index Properties ............................................................................... 163

Physical Properties .............................................................................................. 164

Chemical Properties ............................................................................................ 166

Water Features .................................................................................................... 167

Soil Features ........................................................................................................ 168

Engineering Index Test Data ................................................................................ 169

References .............................................................................................................. 171

Glossary .................................................................................................................. 175

Tables ...................................................................................................................... 197

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ............................................................. 198

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ........................................................... 199

Table 3.—Growing Season .................................................................................. 199

Table 4.—Classification of the Soils ..................................................................... 200

Table 5.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils .................................... 201

Table 6.—Management Considerations on Cropland and Pastureland ................ 202

Table 7.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture .................. 206
vi

Table 8.—Prime Farmland ................................................................................... 209

Table 9.—Hydric Soils .......................................................................................... 210

Table 10.—Forestland Productivity....................................................................... 215

Table 11.—Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings.......................................... 219

Table 12a.—Recreational Development ............................................................... 235

Table 12b.—Recreational Development ............................................................... 241

Table 13.—Wildlife Habitat ................................................................................... 246

Table 14a.—Building Site Development ............................................................... 250

Table 14b.—Building Site Development ............................................................... 256

Table 15a.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................. 263

Table 15b.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................. 270

Table 16a.—Construction Materials ..................................................................... 276

Table 16b.—Construction Materials ..................................................................... 284

Table 17a.—Water Management .......................................................................... 289

Table 17b.—Water Management .......................................................................... 295

Table 17c.—Water Management .......................................................................... 302

Table 18.—Engineering Index Properties ............................................................. 307

Table 19.—Physical Properties of the Soils ......................................................... 318

Table 20.—Chemical Properties of the Soils ........................................................ 326

Table 21.—Water Features .................................................................................. 332

Table 22.—Soil Features ...................................................................................... 336

Table 23.—Engineering Index Test Data .............................................................. 339

Issued 2006
vii

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................................... 39

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................. 53

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................... 73

132A—Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 117

134B—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................ 31

136A—Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 29

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......................................................... 91

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................................... 26

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............................................. 41

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 51

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................................. 34

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes............................................................ 45

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................................. 89

208A—Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................................... 112

219A—Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........................................................ 78

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................ 20

234A—Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................................................... 120

234B—Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 121

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......................................................... 102

242A—Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 60

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............................................. 54

291B—Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........................................................... 129

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ......................................... 96

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................ 86

344B—Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......................................................... 57

348B—Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....................................................... 126

353A—Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 124

375A—Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.......................................................... 99

448C3—Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ................................... 80

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............................................................. 94

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 48

533—Urban land ...................................................................................................... 124

554A—Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......................................................... 63

554B—Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .......................................................... 64

570B—Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 67

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ........................................ 67

570D2—Martinsville loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ...................................... 68

618C2—Senachwine silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ............................... 107

618D2—Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ............................. 108

618F—Senachwine silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes ............................................. 109

656C2—Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ....................................... 82

663B—Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............................................................. 36

679B—Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..................................................... 23

Numerical Index to Map Units
viii

722A—Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................ 42

747A—Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................ 75

802D—Orthents, loamy, undulating............................................................................ 83

809F—Orthents, loamy-skeletal, acid, steep ............................................................. 84

864—Pits, quarries ..................................................................................................... 87

865—Pits, gravel ........................................................................................................ 87

1107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently

flooded ................................................................................................................. 104

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .............. 105

3183A—Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ...................... 114

3405A—Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................. 131

8682A—Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .......................... 71

MW—Miscellaneous water ......................................................................................... 79

W—Water ................................................................................................................. 124
ix

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

Douglas County. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The

survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil, improvements

needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the

environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management

needed to protect the soil resource base. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select

sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper

performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation,

wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help

them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the

survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in using this

publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

William J. Gradle

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

1

DOUGLAS COUNTY is in east-central Illinois (fig. 1). It has an area of 268,800 acres, or

about 417 square miles. It is bordered on the north by Champaign County, on the

northeast by Vermilion County, on the east by Edgar County, on the south by Coles

County, and on the west by Moultrie and Piatt Counties. In 2000, the population of

Douglas County was 19,922. Tuscola, the county seat and largest town in the county,

had a population of 4,448 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2003).

This soil survey updates previous surveys of Douglas County (Hallbick and

Fehrenbacher, 1971; Smith and others, 1929).

General Nature of the Survey Area

This section provides general information about Douglas County. It describes

history and development; physiography, relief, and drainage; natural resources; and

climate.

History and Development

Native Americans known as Mound Builders were among the first people known to

inhabit the survey area (Kehoe, 1981). The Kickapoo Indians inhabited the area just

prior to the arrival of the first European settlers (Golden and Golden, 1990). Other

tribes included the Pottawatomie and Winnebago. By the time most European settlers

arrived, many of the tribes had moved westward across the Mississippi River.

The early settlers used the rivers and creeks for fishing and for travel lanes. They

also favored the timbered areas because of the availability of firewood, the abundance

of game, the danger of prairie fires, and the belief that the prairies were in general

infertile and unproductive. The prairie served mainly as open grazing land for livestock.

After the development of the moldboard plow and the organization of drainage districts

Soil Survey of

Douglas County, Illinois

By Ronald D. Collman, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Update fieldwork by Ron Collman, Natural Resources Conservation

Service

Original fieldwork by D.C. Hallbick, F.L. Awalt, and D.R. Mapes, Soil

Conservation Service

Map compilation by Randall A. Leeper, soil scientist, Natural

Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Illinois Agricultural

Experiment Station
2 Soil Survey of

in the late 1800s, grain farming became the major enterprise in the prairie areas

(Golden and Golden, 1990).

Douglas County was organized in 1859. Before then it had been part of Coles

County. The county was named for Stephen Douglas, then a U.S. Senator from Illinois.

The first settlement was established in 1829 near the present site of Camargo. In

1850, the Federal Government passed an act that gave wet areas to the State. Money

from the sale of the land was to be used to provide drainage. Most drainage ditches in

the county were constructed by 1878. By 1855, the Illinois Central Railroad was

LEGEND

95B—Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain

98—Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift Plain

105—Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills

108A and 108B—Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift

110—Northern Illinois and Indiana Heavy Till Plain

113—Central Claypan Areas

114B—Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and Till Plain, Western Part

115A, 115B, and 115C—Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes

120B—Kentucky and Indiana Sandstone and Shale Hills and Valleys, Northwestern Part

131A—Southern Mississippi River Alluvium

134—Southern Mississippi Valley Loess

Figure 1.—Location of Douglas County and major land resource areas (MLRAs) in Illinois.
Douglas County, Illinois 3

operating throughout the county. The advent of the railroad facilitated market

opportunities (Hallbick and Fehrenbacher, 1971).

Douglas and Moultrie Counties are well known for their Amish settlements. The first

Amish immigrants arrived in the area in 1865 from Pennsylvania (Miller, 1980). The

previous year, Bishop Joel Beachy of Maryland and Moses Yoder of Pennsylvania

started west to find a location where they could raise a crop without liming the soil.

After exploring locations in several states, they selected an area near the present town

of Arthur. The Amish are primarily farmers (fig. 2), but other industries include canning,

butchering, and carpentry.

Agriculture is the leading industry in Douglas County. In 2002, there were 576

farms, which averaged about 404 acres in size and accounted for 232,690 acres. The

market value of agricultural products sold was about $62.5 million. Corn and soybeans

are the main crops. In 2002, 108,357 acres was used for corn, 104,025 acres was

planted to soybeans, and 3,609 acres was used for forage crops. Some areas in the

county are used for broomcorn, popcorn, corn for seed, wheat, silage, or oats.

Livestock production in Douglas County in 2002 included 8,863 hogs and pigs, 6,625

meat chickens, 1,666 laying hens, 4,152 cattle and calves (including dairy and meat),

and 1,422 horses and ponies (USDA, NASS, 2002).

Some light manufacturing is located in Arcola and Tuscola. Products include

brooms, automobile fuses, metal handles, caps and gowns, cabinets, garage doors,

specialized building materials, and chemicals used in medicine and in labs. These

industries, along with small businesses providing goods and services, account for the

employment of a high percentage of the labor force in the county. The cities of Decatur,

Champaign, and Mattoon also provide opportunities for employment for Douglas

Figure 2.—Oat shocks are a familiar sight in the western part of the county. Amish farmers grow

this crop in areas of Drummer, Milford, and Flanagan soils.
4 Soil Survey of

County residents (Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Development,

2005).

Douglas County has a well developed system of roads. Federal and State highways

cross the county, including Interstate 57, U.S. Highways 36 and 45, and State

Highways 49, 130, and 133. Several county and township roads also provide important

transportation links. Most of the township and county roads are paved and follow

section lines. Three railroad mainlines intersect at Tuscola. Tuscola has a small airport

that services business and private aircraft.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

Douglas County lies entirely within the Bloomington Ridged Plain of the Central

Lowland physiographic province (Leighton and others, 1948). The Bloomington Ridged

Plain is part of the Wisconsinan till plain that is characterized by a series of end

moraines and ground moraines.

Douglas County also lies entirely within the Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift

major land resource area (MLRA 108). An MLRA is a geographic area that is

characterized by a particular pattern of soils, climate, water resources, and land use

(USDA, 2006).

Douglas County was covered by glaciers during the Pleistocene. Most of the

present surface materials and landforms are the result of glacial ice, running water,

and windblown deposits of the most recent glacial stage, the Wisconsinan. The

glaciers deposited from about 20 feet to more than 200 feet of drift throughout the

county (Willman and Frye, 1970). In most areas the drift was covered with as much as

5 feet of windblown silt, called loess. The central part of Douglas County is surrounded

by glacial moraines from different ice advances and retreats. The Arcola Moraine lies

to the south and west, and the Pesotum and West Ridge Moraines are to the north. A

large part of Douglas County was covered by a glacial lake between these moraines

(fig. 3).

Figure 3.—Quaternary geology in Douglas County, Illinois. Source: Illinois State Geological

Survey.
Douglas County, Illinois 5

The relief in Douglas County is low on the nearly level and gently sloping, broad

uplands. The greatest change in relief is in areas along major drainageways, where

stream downcutting has caused 50- to 65-foot drops in elevation from the adjacent

uplands (fig. 4). The elevation in the county ranges from about 600 feet to about 720

feet above mean sea level. The highest elevation is near the village of Newman on the

West Ridge Moraine. The lowest elevation is where the Embarras River exits the

county southwest of Oakland.

The Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers drain most of the county. The Kaskaskia River

ultimately drains into the Mississippi River south of St. Louis. The Embarras flows into

the Wabash River, which then joins the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois.

The flood plains along these rivers and their tributaries are generally flooded annually,

and the soils in these areas often have a high seasonal water table. Because the

county has such low relief, ponding occurs on many soils.

Most areas are sufficiently drained for the commonly grown crops. Subsurface tile

drains have been installed in most of the fields, and an extensive system of drainage

ditches supplements the natural drainage.

Natural Resources

At the time of settlement, about 41,000 acres of the county was forestland (Iverson,

1989). In 2002, about 2,901 acres, or about 0.9 percent of the county, was forestland

and pasture forestland (USDA, NASS, 2002). The remaining forestland is typically

along the major streams and their tributaries. Much of this land is not tillable because

of the slope or the frequency of flooding and is maintained for conservation reasons. It

provides important areas of wildlife habitat (fig. 5).

The county has approximately 788 acres of impounded water, and most of this

water is in farm ponds. The Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers provide habitat and

opportunities for recreation. The county has another 288 acres of miscellaneous water

in the form of settling ponds and wastewater treatment ponds. These areas are not

typically considered useful for wildlife habitat or recreation.

The county has an abundant supply of ground water in the sand and gravel deposits

in buried valleys and in areas where glacial drift is thick. The municipal water supplies

and many rural areas depend on ground-water wells (Illinois Environmental Protection

Agency, 2005).

Excavations for sand and gravel along both the Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers are

identified on the soil maps as Pits, gravel.

Gravel, stone, and agricultural lime are quarried from an area just east of Tuscola

where limestone bedrock lies near the land surface. This area is identified on the soil

maps as Pits, quarries.

Figure 4.—Cross-section showing elevation of Douglas County, Illinois, from west to east near

U.S. Highway 36, with relative geology and geographic reference. Source: 3-D TopoQuads,

Copyright 1999. Delorme Yarmouth, ME 04096; NAD 27.
6 Soil Survey of

Oil and gas fields west of Interstate 57 and in a small area near Murdock have

mostly been capped. Natural gas storage areas are located west of Interstate 57

(Illinois State Geological Survey, 2005).

Coal was a considerable resource in Douglas County until 1991, when the shaft and

slope mine near Murdock closed. The area is now identified on the soil maps as

Orthents, loamy-skeletal, acid, steep (Illinois State Geological Survey, 2005).

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation for the survey area as recorded

at Tuscola in the period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates of the first freeze

in fall and the last freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing

season.

In winter, the average temperature is 29.8 degrees F and the average daily

minimum temperature is 21.3 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Tuscola on December 22, 1989, was -26 degrees. In summer, the average

temperature is 74.8 degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 86.6

degrees. The highest temperature, which occurred at Tuscola on July 14, 1954, was

113 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are equivalent to “heat units.”

During the month, growing degree days accumulate by the amount that the average

temperature each day exceeds a base temperature (50 degrees F). The normal

monthly accumulation is used to schedule single or successive plantings of a crop

between the last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 40.58 inches. Of this total, about 26.35

inches, or 65 percent, usually falls in April through October. The growing season for

most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of

record was 5.30 inches at Tuscola on August 2, 1978. Thunderstorms occur on about

48 days each year, and most occur between April and August.

The average seasonal snowfall is 22.9 inches. The greatest snow depth at any one

time during the period of record was 20 inches recorded on January 10, 1974. On an

average, 20 days per year have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest

1-day snowfall on record was 15.0 inches recorded on January 31, 1982.

Figure 5.—The forestland in the lower positions along the Kaskaskia River is in an area of

Shaffton and Sawmill soils.
Douglas County, Illinois 7

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about 52 percent in May and June

and about 70 percent in December. Humidity is higher at night, and the average at

dawn is about 84 percent in most months. The sun shines 70 percent of the time

possible in summer and 48 percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the south in

most months, but it is from the northwest in January, February, and March. Average

windspeed is highest, around 13 miles per hour, in March.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide updated information about the soils and

miscellaneous areas in the survey area, which is Major Land Resource Area 108

(fig. 1). Major land resource areas (MLRAs) are geographically associated land

resource units that share a common land use, elevation, topography, climate, water,

soils, and vegetation (USDA, 1981). Map unit design and the detailed soil descriptions

are based on the occurrence of each soil throughout the MLRA.

The information in this survey includes a description of the soils and miscellaneous

areas and their location and a discussion of their properties and the subsequent

effects on suitability, limitations, and management for specified uses.

Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general

pattern of drainage; and the kinds of crops and native plants. They dug many holes to

study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The

profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the

soil formed. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms

and has not been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area are in an orderly pattern that

is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.

Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of

landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous

areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the

landform, soil scientists develop a concept, or model, of how the soils were formed.

Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a

considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific

location on the landform.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their

characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a

limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an

understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify

predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They

noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock

fragments, distribution of plant roots, soil reaction, and other features that enable them

to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their

properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil

characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for

comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic

classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of

soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil

scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the

individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that

they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and

research.
8

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally

are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret

the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics

and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different

uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils

in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are

modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet

local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop

yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from

field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on

such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over

long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a

water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a water

table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

The soil survey information contained in this report was based on a review of field

notes, laboratory data, and other data collected during the previous soil survey of

Douglas County (Hallbick and Fehrenbacher, 1971). In addition, data from other soil

surveys within MLRA 108 were reviewed. Reviewing data on a regional basis allows

for improved consistency in the identification, classification, and interpretations of soils

on similar landscapes.

Aerial photographs used in this survey were taken in 1998 and 1999. Soil scientists

also studied U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps (enlarged to a scale of

1:12,000) and ortho-photographs to relate land and image features. Specific soil

boundaries were drawn on the ortho-photographs. Adjustments of soil boundary lines

were made to coincide with the U.S. Geological Survey topographic map contour lines

and tonal patterns on aerial photographs.
9

This section relates the soils in the survey area to the major factors of soil formation

and describes the system of soil classification.

Formation of the Soils

Soil is produced by soil-forming processes acting on materials deposited or

accumulated by geologic agencies. The characteristics of the soil are determined by

(1) the physical and mineralogical composition of the parent material; (2) the climate

under which the soil formed; (3) the plant and animal life on and in the soil; (4) the

relief, or lay of the land; and (5) the length of time the forces of soil formation have

acted on the parent material (Jenny, 1941).

Climate and plant and animal life are the active factors of soil formation. These

factors act directly on the parent material, either in place or after it has been relocated

by water, glaciers, or the wind, and slowly change it to a natural body that has

genetically related layers, or horizons. Relief can modify the effects of climate and

plant and animal life. In sloping areas, for example, erosion can inhibit the processes

of soil formation. Wetness can slow these processes in level or depressional areas.

The parent material also affects the kind of soil profile that is formed. Finally, time is

needed for changing the parent material into a soil profile that has clearly differentiated

horizons.

The factors of soil formation are so closely interrelated in their effects on the soil

that few generalizations can be made regarding the effects of any one factor unless

the effects of the other factors are known. Many of the processes of soil formation are

unknown.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated geologic material in which a soil forms. It

determines the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil. Most of the parent

material in Douglas County is a direct result of the glaciers and sediments of the

Wisconsinan Stage of the Pleistocene Epoch (Willman and Frye, 1970). Although the

kinds of parent material are associated with glacial deposits, the properties vary

greatly, mostly because of varying modes of deposition. The dominant kinds of parent

material in Douglas County are till, loess, outwash, alluvium, colluvium, and lacustrine

sediments. These materials were deposited by wind, water, glaciers, or glacial

meltwater. In some areas, the materials have been reworked by wind or water after

deposition. Many of the soils formed in more than one kind of parent material. For

example, some of the soils in Douglas County formed in loess and in the underlying

till.

Till is material laid down directly by glaciers with a minimum of water action. It

consists of clay, silt, sand, rock fragments, and boulders, all of which are mixed

together. The rock fragments have distinct edges and corners, indicating that they

have not been subject to intensive abrasion by flowing water. Unweathered till is

generally calcareous and very dense. Through processes of weathering and soil

Formation and Classification of

the Soils
10 Soil Survey of

formation, calcium carbonate is leached from till, and the material becomes more acid

and less dense.

The till nearest the surface in Douglas County was deposited during the

Woodfordian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage, the most recent glaciation to reach

Illinois (Willman and Frye, 1970). This glaciation occurred between 22,000 and 12,500

years ago. Most of these surficial till deposits are part of the Batestown Member of the

Lemont Formation, but the western edge of Douglas County is identified as the Piatt

Member of the Tiskilwa Formation and the southeast corner is identified as the

Delavan Member of the Tiskilwa Formation (Hansel and Johnson, 1996).

Most areas of Douglas County are covered by loess of various thicknesses. Dana,

Flanagan, and Xenia soils formed in loess and in the underlying till (fig. 6). Soils that

formed entirely in till are generally on strongly sloping to very steep side slopes (fig. 7).

Senachwine soils are examples.

Loess is material transported and deposited by wind. It consists of uniform,

calcareous, silt-sized particles. The meltwaters from the glaciers carried vast

quantities of silt, which were deposited in the major river valleys. As these sediments

were exposed when the meltwaters subsided, the winds carried the silts and deposited

them over much of the land. Most of the soils in the county formed at least partially in

loess. The thickness of the loess ranges from nearly zero in areas where slopes are

very steep to about 3 to 5 feet in the nearly level areas on uplands. Flanagan soils, for

example, formed on uplands in 40 to 60 inches of loess and in the underlying till.

Outwash is stratified material deposited by glacial meltwaters. The size of the

particles that constitute outwash varies, depending on the velocity of the moving water.

The coarser material was deposited nearer to the ice or in rapidly flowing glacial

streams. Most of the outwash deposits were later covered by loess. Areas of outwash

in Douglas County occur on stream terraces and in the delta area of Glacial Lake

Figure 6.—Typical soils on till plains that are underlain by till or outwash and formed under grass

vegetation.
Douglas County, Illinois 11

Douglas. Larger areas of these materials are identified on geology maps as the

Batavia facies of the Henry Formation or as the Dolton facies of the Henry Formation

(Hansel and Johnson, 1996; Lineback, 1979). Many areas of outwash are included

with alluvium and till on geology maps. Camden, Martinsville, Sexton, and Starks soils

are common on outwash terraces. In some places on the ground moraine, a thin layer

of outwash occurs between the loess and the underlying till. Drummer soils, for

example, occur on ground moraines in Douglas County. They formed in loess and in

the underlying outwash (figs. 6 and 9).

Alluvium is material that was deposited by floodwater along streams. On geology

maps, large areas of alluvial material are identified as the Cahokia Formation (Hansel

and Johnson, 1996). Alluvial soils consist of mostly silty sediments, but in some places

they have more sand or thin layers of loamy and sandy material. Soils that formed in

alluvium are generally stratified in both color and texture. Sawmill and Zook soils

formed in silty alluvium and have a weakly developed subsoil. Medway and Shaffton

soils formed in loamy sediments. The largest areas of alluvial soils are along the

Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers and their tributaries (figs. 7 and 8).

Colluvium is material that is similar to alluvium in composition but is deposited by

gravity at the base of slopes or by slopewash into closed depressions. The material is

silty or clayey and generally dark in prairie areas. Peotone soils formed in colluvium.

Lacustrine sediments are sediments deposited in lakes. Unique to central Illinois,

Douglas County has many soils that formed in the sediments of a large glacial lake

that were deposited when meltwaters flowed into a reservoir bounded by the Arcola,

Pesotum, and West Ridge end moraines. These sediments are mostly silty and clayey.

Large areas of these materials are identified as the Equality Formation (Hansel and

Johnson, 1996). Soils that formed in these sediments include Milford, Rutland, and

Kernan soils (fig. 9). Near the entry into former Lake Douglas, a delta formed from silty

and sandy material. The materials in this area are identified as the Dolton facies of the

Figure 7.—Typical soils on till plains that formed under mixed hardwoods on the prairie fringe and

near the larger streams.
12 Soil Survey of

Henry Formation (Hansel and Johnson, 1996). Sexton, Kendall, and Brooklyn soils

formed in these areas.

Climate

Douglas County has a temperate, humid continental climate that is uniform

throughout the county. Climatic differences within the county are too small to have

caused significant differences among the soils. In some areas of the county, however,

the effects of climate are modified locally by relief. The influence of climate becomes

more obvious when comparisons are made on a broad regional basis.

Climate affects soil formation through its influence on weathering, plant and animal

life, and erosion. Water from rain and melting snow seeps slowly downward through

the soil and allows physical and chemical reactions to take place in the parent

material. Where water can move downward, it carries clay and dissolved minerals from

the surface soil into the subsoil. In soils having limy parent materials, leaching

commonly removes calcium carbonates to a depth of 40 inches or more. As a result,

these soils are neutral to strongly acid. This acidity promotes other pedogenic

processes, such as the biochemical breakdown of minerals and the translocation of

clays.

Soil temperature affects soil formation. When soil is frozen, for example, many of

the processes of soil formation are slowed or halted. Conversely, warm soil

temperatures encourage the microbial metabolism of soil organic matter, the

downward translocation of clays, and other processes.

Climate also influences the kind and extent of plant and animal life. The climate in

Douglas County has favored tall prairie grasses and deciduous hardwoods. It also has

favored the decomposition of dead plants and animals, which provides humus to the

soil.

Heavy, untimely rains are destructive when they fall on soils that are bare of

vegetation. The raindrops disperse the soil particles, thereby contributing to erosion

and the formation of crusts. Early spring rains in these areas can cause extensive

Figure 8.—Typical soils on outwash plains and along major outwash stream valleys.
Douglas County, Illinois 13

erosion when the soils are partially frozen because reduced infiltration results in more

water running off the surface.

Plant and Animal Life

Soils are greatly affected by the type of vegetation under which they formed. The

chief contribution of vegetation and biological processes to soil formation is the

addition of organic material and nitrogen. The amount of organic material in the soil

depends primarily on the kind of native plants that grew there. Decayed remains of

plants on or below the surface eventually become organic matter, or humus. Roots of

the plants provide channels for the downward movement of water through the soil and

add organic matter as they decay.

The native vegetation in Douglas County since the Wisconsinan Stage has

consisted primarily of tall prairie grasses and, to a lesser extent, deciduous

hardwoods. At the time of early settlement, about 84.5 percent of the county supported

prairie vegetation (Iverson, 1989). These grasses have many fibrous roots that

contribute large amounts of organic matter to the soil, especially where they are

concentrated near the surface. Soils that formed under prairie vegetation typically have

a thick, black or dark brown surface layer. They generally are in areas of low relief

relatively undissected by drainageways. Catlin, Drummer, and Flanagan soils are

examples.

About 15.5 percent of the county supported forest vegetation at the time of early

settlement (Iverson, 1989). Because the root systems of deciduous hardwoods are

less fibrous than those of grasses and are concentrated more at the surface, the

organic matter that they contribute to soil is mainly in the form of leaf litter.

Consequently, soils that formed under forest vegetation have a thinner and lighter

colored surface layer than that of prairie soils. Sabina, Senachwine, and Xenia soils

formed under forest vegetation. They are on summits and on backslopes along

drainageways.

Figure 9.—Typical soils on the Glacial Lake Douglas plain in the central part of Douglas County.
14 Soil Survey of

Micro-organisms, earthworms, insects, and burrowing animals have also affected

soil formation. Bacteria and fungi help to decompose plant and animal remains and

change them into humus. Burrowing animals, such as earthworms, cicadas, and

ground squirrels, help to incorporate humus into the soil while creating small channels

that influence soil aeration and the percolation of water. Humus is very important in the

formation of soil structure and good tilth.

Human activities, such as installing subsurface drains, building levees for flood

protection, construction, and the clearing of native forests, have significantly altered

the nature of the existing plant and animal communities. These activities have also

contributed to the loss of soil material and organic material through accelerated

erosion.

Relief

Relief, or local changes in elevation, has markedly affected the soils in Douglas

County by influencing runoff, erosion, deposition, and natural drainage. Relief includes

landform characteristics, such as position on the landform, slope gradient, slope

shape, and slope aspect.

Variations in relief in the county reflect a variety of landforms. The most extensive

landforms in the county are end moraines, ground moraines, stream terraces, lake

plains, and flood plains.

The presence of a series of end moraines in Douglas County represents

successive advances and retreats of the glacial ice front. The end moraines have

slopes that are quite variable, commonly ranging from gently sloping to very steep. The

Arcola Moraine occurs in the eastern and southern parts of the county, and the

Pesotum and West Ridge Moraines occur in the north. Dana, Octagon, and

Senachwine soils are examples of soils on end moraines in the county.

Ground moraines of the Wisconsinan Stage, which occur between the end

moraines, generally consist of broad, nearly level to gently sloping interfluves. The

relief on ground moraines is less variable than the relief on end moraines, and the

loess deposits are thicker. Catlin and Flanagan soils are examples of soils on ground

moraines.

Outwash stream terraces occur primarily along the Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers

and their tributaries. They are generally nearly level to gently sloping areas that lie

above adjacent flood plains. Camden, Martinsville, and Starks soils occur on stream

terraces in the county.

Where the parent material is relatively uniform, differences in natural drainage are

closely related to landform position, such as summit or backslope, and to slope

gradient and shape. Drummer and Camden soils, for example, both formed in loess

and in the underlying outwash. Drummer soils are on nearly level, commonly concave

toeslopes. Precipitation and runoff from the higher adjacent soils contribute to the

ponding of surface water on the poorly drained Drummer soils. The water in the

saturated soil pores restricts the circulation of air in the soil. Under these conditions,

naturally occurring iron and manganese compounds are chemically reduced. The

reduced form of iron appears gray, bluish, or gray-green and leaves the subsoil with a

low-chroma grayish color. Also, reduced forms of iron are more soluble than oxidized

forms and can be leached readily from the soil. In both cases, the subsoil appears

gray. Camden soils, conversely, are well drained and are on gently sloping summits

and convex backslopes. Because the water table is lower in Camden soils and some

of the rainfall runs off the sloping surface instead of infiltrating, the soil pores contain

less water and more air. In these conditions, iron and manganese compounds are well

oxidized, giving the subsoil a brownish to reddish color.

Relief also affects the susceptibility to and intensity of both geologic and recent

accelerated erosion. Soils on the steeper slopes or in areas where slopes are long are
Douglas County, Illinois 15

more susceptible to erosion than soils that formed in nearly level or level areas or

where slopes are short. Maintaining a partial or complete cover of vegetation or plant

residue can significantly reduce the hazard of erosion in sloping areas. For example,

Senachwine soils that have slopes of 18 to 60 percent generally support trees,

herbaceous plants, and grasses. Because of the vegetative cover, these soils are

subject to little or no erosion. Most areas of Senachwine soils that have slopes of 2 to

18 percent are cultivated. Failure to maintain erosion-control systems on these soils

has resulted in moderate or severe accelerated erosion of the surface soil. The loss of

surface soil material in one place results in deposition and accumulation in another

place, affecting both the rate of soil formation and the development and thickness of

soil horizons.

Time

To a great extent, time determines the degree of profile development in a soil. The

influence of time, however, is modified by wetness, erosion, the deposition of material,

and local relief.

The differences among soils resulting from the length of time the parent material

has been in place are commonly expressed in the degree of profile development.

Sawmill soils have a very weakly expressed profile because they are on low flood

plains that periodically receive new alluvial sediments. Consequently, they have not

been in place long enough for the development of distinct horizons. Sabina soils,

conversely, which occur on ground moraines, exhibit stronger development than the

Sawmill soils. They have distinct horizons because the loess and underlying till in

which they formed have been in place a much longer time.

In most of the upland soils, enough time has passed to allow the removal of calcium

carbonate from the upper 40 inches of the profile through leaching. However, in

sloping areas, more rainfall tends to run off the surface rather than infiltrate the soil.

Less water available for leaching calcium carbonate results in more calcareous soils.

Examples include Octagon and Senachwine soils, which are calcareous within a depth

of 40 inches.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the National Cooperative Soil Survey has

six categories (Soil Survey Staff, 1998, 1999, and 2003). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in the field or inferred from those

observations or from laboratory measurements. Table 4 shows the classification of the

soils in the county. The categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The differences among orders reflect

the dominant soil-forming processes and the degree of soil formation. Each order is

identified by a word ending in sol. An example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders primarily on the basis of

properties that influence soil genesis and are important to plant growth or properties

that reflect the most important variables within the orders. The last syllable in the name

of a suborder indicates the order. An example is Udoll (Ud, meaning humid, plus oll,

from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great groups on the basis of close

similarities in kind, arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic horizons;

soil moisture and temperature regimes; and base status. Each great group is identified

by the name of a suborder and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Argiudolls (Argi, indicating that the soil has an accumulation of clay in the

subsoil, plus udoll, the suborder of the Mollisols that has a udic moisture regime).
16

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic subgroup. Other subgroups are

intergrades or extragrades. The typic is the central concept of the great group; it is not

necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders,

or great groups. Extragrades have some properties that are not representative of the

great group but do not indicate transitions to any other known kind of soil. Each

subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. An example is Aquic Argiudolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup on the basis of physical and

chemical properties and other characteristics that affect management. Generally, the

properties are those of horizons below plow depth where there is much biological

activity. Among the properties and characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineral content, cation-exchange capacity, temperature regime, thickness of the root

zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope, and permanent cracks. A family name

consists of the name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils that have similar horizons in their profile. The

horizons are similar in color, texture, structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and

chemical composition, and arrangement in the profile. The texture of the surface layer

or of the substratum can differ within a series. The Flanagan series is an example.
17

In this section, arranged in alphabetical order, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Each series description is followed by descriptions of the

associated detailed soil map units.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it formed are identified for each

soil series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of the series

in the survey area is described. The detailed description of each soil horizon follows

standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey

Staff, 1999) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Unless otherwise

stated, colors in the descriptions are for moist soil. Following the pedon description is

the range of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

In some instances, the typical pedon for the series is located outside Douglas

County. The selection of the typical pedon is based on the range in characteristics of

the series as it occurs throughout a particular major land resource area (MLRA). The

Drummer series is a common soil in MLRA 108. The typical pedon for the Drummer

series is in Champaign County, Illinois. The soil properties of this pedon are

representative of the Drummer soils not only in Champaign County but in other

counties within MLRA 108, including Douglas County.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this survey represent the soils or

miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this section,

along with the maps, can be used to determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the management needed for those uses.

More information about each map unit is given under the headings “Use and

Management of the Soils” and “Soil Properties.”

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more

major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named

according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic

class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the

landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may

extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single

taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other

taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or

miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to

taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the

map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called

noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a

particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties

and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally

are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.

Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by

a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting components are mentioned in the map

unit descriptions. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map

Units
18 Soil Survey of

consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern

was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the

soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the

usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform

segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of

such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of

resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation

is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives the principal hazards

and limitations to be considered in planning for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for

differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons

that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,

salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis

of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown

on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase

commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example,

Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, is a phase of the Senachwine

series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are called complexes. A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they

cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Drummer-Milford silty clay

loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material

and support little or no vegetation. Pits, gravel, is an example.

Table 5 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit. Other tables

give properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many

uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms used in describing the soils or

miscellaneous areas.

Birkbeck Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 2 percent, in a sparsely

wooded area, at an elevation of 680 feet above mean sea level, in Macon County,

Illinois, about 7 miles northeast of Decatur; 1,600 feet east and 750 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 17 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Argenta, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 54 minutes 25.3 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 48

minutes 59.7 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0344720E 4418800N; NAD 27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to moderate very fine granular; friable;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate very thin platy structure;

friable; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coats on faces of peds; few
Douglas County, Illinois 19

distinct gray (10YR 6/1) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine granular; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

common distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds; few fine

irregular weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide accumulations throughout;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—13 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide accumulations throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine irregular weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

accumulations throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—29 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; common medium

irregular weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide accumulations throughout;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt5—42 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation and few medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium

irregular weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide accumulations throughout;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—54 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in

pores; common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of iron

and manganese accumulation and common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine irregular weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide accumulations throughout; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C—60 to 68 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in pores; common fine distinct

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine faint light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine irregular weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide accumulations throughout; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 70 inches
20 Soil Survey of

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Bt and/or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand in the substratum

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 1 to 2 feet
Douglas County, Illinois 21

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Poorly drained soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Sabina soils in the less sloping areas

• The moderately well drained Catlin soils that have a thick dark surface layer

Properties and Qualities of the Birkbeck Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow or moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Blackberry Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 748 feet above

mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois; about 25 feet north and 450 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 21 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Foosland topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 15 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 26

minutes 36 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0377248E 4456602N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—10 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; many faint very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BA—16 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak very fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coats on faces

of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—20 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
22 Soil Survey of

Bt2—24 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese

oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—34 to 47 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

and coarse prismatic structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2BCt—47 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), stratified silt loam and loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; very few faint brown (10YR 4/3) and

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; common

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation

in the matrix; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—62 to 70 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy

loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 45 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam and loam with layers of clay loam, silty clay loam, silt

loam, loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 23

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam, loam, or sandy loam with layers of clay loam or loamy

sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline

679B—Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Blackberry and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 1 to 2 feet

• Soils that are deeper to the underlying loamy material

• Soils that are moderately eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Blackberry Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.3 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric
24 Soil Survey of

Brenton Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 768 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois; 525 feet

east and 1,620 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 22 N., R. 6 E; USGS

Bellflower, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 21 minutes 52.8 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 30 minutes 54.8 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0371340E

4469120N; NAD 27:

Ap1—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2—8 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable;

common very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots along faces of peds; few very fine

tubular pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent iron-manganese concretions and

stains throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 22 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; common very fine

and few fine roots along faces of peds; few very fine and fine tubular pores;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese concretions and stains throughout; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—22 to 28 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; friable;

common very fine and few fine roots along faces of peds; few very fine and fine

tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces

of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the

matrix; few fine prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions and stains

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—28 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; friable; common

very fine and few fine roots along faces of peds; few very fine tubular pores; few

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and

medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions and stains throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—33 to 45 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4), stratified loam and fine sandy loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots along faces of peds; few very fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels and common

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and common fine and medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common
Douglas County, Illinois 25

fine prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions and stains throughout; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—45 to 54 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots along

faces of peds; few very fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels and pores; common fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions and stains throughout; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2Cg1—54 to 69 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak thick and very thick platy rock

structure; very friable; few very fine roots throughout; many very fine horizontal

tubular pores between plates and few very fine vertical tubular pores through

plates; many very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining root

channels and pores; common fine and medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common very fine and fine

prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese oxide concretions and

stains throughout; slightly effervescent; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg2—69 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt; massive; very friable; few very fine roots

throughout; few very fine tubular pores; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt and 2BCt horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—stratified loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent by volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silt loam or silt; typically with strata of sandy loam and loam
26 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent by volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Brenton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Brenton Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Brooklyn Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 0.5 percent, in a cultivated field,

at an elevation of 679 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County, Illinois; 200 feet

east and 1,430 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.; USGS
Douglas County, Illinois 27

Newman, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 40 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes 28.2 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0416646E

4412587N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg—9 to 14 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak medium platy structure parting to

moderate fine granular; friable; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coats on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Btg1—14 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay; moderate fine prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark gray

(10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—20 to 31 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (2.5Y

4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3—31 to 40 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark

gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) organoclay films lining pores and root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Btg4—40 to 46 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure;

firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Bt—46 to 52 inches; 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), 40 percent dark brown

(10YR 3/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and

root channels; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 20 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2BCt—52 to 62 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam with thin

strata of silt loam; massive; firm; very few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) and very few

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels;

many medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.
28 Soil Survey of

2C—62 to 73 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 40 percent gray

(2.5Y 5/1) loam with thin strata of sandy loam; massive; firm; many medium

irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese masses throughout; 7 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

3Cd—73 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few medium prominent red

(2.5YR 4/8) mottles; massive; very firm; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and few fine distinct light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 36 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 72 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Btg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—stratified clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified clay loam, loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 29

3Cd horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

136A—Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Depressions, outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Brooklyn and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface horizon

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Brooklyn Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow to moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: 60 to 99 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible or low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric
30 Soil Survey of

Camden Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field,

at an elevation of 720 feet above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois, about

6 miles northeast of Penfield; 30 feet north and 100 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 6, T. 22 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Rankin, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40

degrees 23 minutes 06 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes 16 seconds W.;

UTM Zone 16T 0417571E 4470732N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; moderate fine and very fine granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—9 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3)

dry; moderate thin platy structure; friable; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak very fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—22 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—28 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 3 percent (by

volume) chert pebbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—35 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate coarse prismatic

structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; common

fine and medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese

oxide nodules throughout; 5 percent (by volume) chert and quartz pebbles;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—52 to 62 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay bridges between sand grains; few fine faint

brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few

fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; 5 percent (by volume) chert and quartz pebbles; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2C—62 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6), stratified sandy loam, loam,

and sandy clay loam; massive; very friable; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches
Douglas County, Illinois 31

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 30 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

E or BE horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt and 2BC horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline

134B—Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Camden and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that are eroded
32 Soil Survey of

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall soils on toeslopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Camden Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Catlin Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 791 feet above mean sea level, in McLean County, Illinois; 330 feet

east and 70 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 23 N., R. 1 E.; USGS

Bloomington West, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 28 minutes 22.3

seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 04 minutes 34.5 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T

0323989E 4482099N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable:

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—11 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—16 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam: strong fine and

medium angular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent stains of ironmanganese oxide throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—26 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silty clay loam; weak medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR
Douglas County, Illinois 33

4/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent stains of iron-manganese oxide throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—41 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; very few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organoclay films lining root channels; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent stains of iron-manganese oxide

throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; very slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2C—45 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common

fine and medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

few fine prominent stains of iron-manganese oxide throughout; few fine prominent

masses of calcium carbonate throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 45 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

AB or BA horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2BC or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
34 Soil Survey of

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of sandy loam

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 1 to 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Catlin Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.0 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Clare Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 700 feet above mean
Douglas County, Illinois 35

sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois; about 66 feet south and 1,700 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana topographic quadrangle;

lat. 40 degrees 04 minutes 09 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 10 minutes 05

seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 400392E 4435878N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—14 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—27 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine and medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt4—36 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces

of peds; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2BCt—44 to 50 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4),

stratified loam and sandy loam; weak medium angular blocky and subangular

blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films lining pores; few

fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many fine and

medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese

oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR

5/4), stratified loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 70 inches

Ap, A, or AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bt or BA horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR
36 Soil Survey of

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam, or sandy clay

loam or stratified with these textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, or silt loam; thin strata of coarser material

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

663B—Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Clare and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that have a thinner dark surface layer

• Soils that are eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Clare Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High
Douglas County, Illinois 37

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Dana Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 706 feet above mean

sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois; about 1,810 feet north and 750 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Newman topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 56

minutes 05 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0420042E 4411965N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3)

dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout;

common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common very fine

and fine roots between peds; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—25 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common very fine and

fine roots between peds; common medium vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct

dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common

fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese

oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—32 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium

vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films along root channels and pores; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

3 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—38 to 53 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium and

coarse vesicular and tubular pores; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1)
38 Soil Survey of

organo-clay films along root channels and pores; many distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few medium

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—53 to 58 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium and

coarse vesicular and tubular pores; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films along root channels and pores; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray

(10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 7

percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—58 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; massive; firm; few fine and medium

vesicular and tubular pores; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium irregular brown

(10YR 4/3) extremely weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide masses on

horizontal fracture planes; few fine to coarse rounded yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

weakly cemented iron oxide nodules throughout; few medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

common medium rounded and irregular white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented

calcium carbonate nodules throughout; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; violently

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 32 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BA horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral
Douglas County, Illinois 39

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 7 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Dana and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are moderately eroded

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that have less than 22 inches of loess over the till

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that have slopes of more than 5 percent

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 1 to 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Dana Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
40 Soil Survey of

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Drummer Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated

field, at an elevation of 715 feet above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois;

on the University of Illinois South Farm 1 mile south of Urbana; 1,600 feet east and

300 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 04 seconds N. and long.

88 degrees 13 minutes 58 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0394896E 4437648N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak

fine granular structure; firm; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; firm;

many fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and

medium roots; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) masses of iron and

manganese accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg—19 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine roots; common

fine distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many worm holes; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—25 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine roots;

common distinct dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation

in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2—32 to 41 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few distinct dark gray

(N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—41 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/0) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds;
Douglas County, Illinois 41

common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg—47 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), stratified loam and sandy loam; massive;

friable; many medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron and

manganese accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct gray (N 5/0) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 65 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 40 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bg and Btg horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Btg or 2BCg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 8

Texture—loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam; strata of silt loam or

silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent
42 Soil Survey of

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have a loamy surface layer or subsoil

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil and more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils in the slightly higher landscape positions

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.3 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

722A—Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 60 percent

Milford and similar soils: 35 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are somewhat poorly drained; on rises

• Soils that have a thin dark surface layer

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil and more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy surface layer or subsoil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding
Douglas County, Illinois 43

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that have a thin, light-colored surface layer

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils in the slightly higher landscape positions

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.3 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Properties and Qualities of the Milford Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Drummer—2w; Milford—2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Drummer—hydric; Milford—hydric

Elburn Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated field, at an
44 Soil Survey of

elevation of 617 feet above mean sea level, in Christian County, Illinois; 2,716 feet

north and 1,300 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T. 14 N., R. 1 E.; USGS

Assumption, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 37 minutes 04.7 seconds

N. and long. 89 degrees 01 minute 45.8 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0325797E

4387107N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; many very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—6 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; many very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films and dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron and few fine faint brown

(10YR 5/3) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films and common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films and dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt4—36 to 43 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few prominent very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine prominent ironmanganese oxide concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—43 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine

prominent iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Btg2—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films and dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films lining pores; common medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of

iron in the matrix; few very fine iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Douglas County, Illinois 45

2Cg—58 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), stratified sandy loam and loamy sand;

massive; very friable; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron in the matrix; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loamy sand, clay loam, and loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Elburn and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet
46 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Elburn Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Fincastle Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Taxadjunct features: The Fincastle soils in this survey area are slightly deeper to a

high water table than is defined as the range for the series. This difference,

however, does not significantly affect the use and management of the soils. These

soils are classified as fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field,

at an elevation of 653 feet above mean sea level, in Coles County, Illinois; 100 feet

south and 1,800 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 29, T. 14 N., R. 10 E.; USGS

Oakland, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 38 minutes 13.47 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 06 minutes 26.45 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0404975E

4387854N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine rounded dark masses of

iron-manganese oxide accumulation throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—11 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron
Douglas County, Illinois 47

depletions and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese oxides in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese oxides

in the matrix; few fine rounded dark masses of iron-manganese oxide

accumulation throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—24 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron in the matrix; few fine rounded dark masses of iron-manganese oxide

accumulation throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—32 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine rounded dark masses of

iron-manganese oxide accumulation throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—40 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; common medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions and common faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Cd—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; massive; firm; common

medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common faint

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E or BE horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—silty clay loam or silt loam
48 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent by volume

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2BC or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture of the fine-earth fraction—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 14 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

496A—Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines, ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Fincastle and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are shallower to densic material

• Soils that have a thin layer of outwash between the loess and the till

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Fincastle Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 70 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 10.0 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
Douglas County, Illinois 49

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Flanagan Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a grass border of

the University of Illinois experimental plots, at an elevation of 730 feet above mean sea

level, in Champaign County, Illinois; about 1 mile south of Champaign on the University

of Illinois South Farm; 1,607 feet east and 1,405 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40

degrees 05 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 57 seconds W.;

UTM Zone 16T 0394924E 4437956N; NAD 27:

A1—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—8 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A3—15 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of

iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—23 to 32 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3

and 4/3) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation and common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.
50 Soil Survey of

Bt4—38 to 45 inches; 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—45 to 49 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), 35 percent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Cd—49 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; common fine

and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium prominent white (10YR 8/1) rounded weakly cemented calcium

carbonate nodules throughout; 5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 45 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 45 to 65 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 45 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BCt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C or 2Cd horizons:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent by volume

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 51

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Flanagan and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of sandy loam

• Soils that have slightly thicker loess over the till

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Flanagan Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Harpster Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated

field, at an elevation of 740 feet above mean sea level, in Ford County, Illinois; 855 feet

south and 70 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 23 N., R. 7 E.; USGS

Gibson City West, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 26 minutes 24

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 25 minutes 23 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T

0379306E 4477356N; NAD 27:
52 Soil Survey of

Apk—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots; many snail shells; strongly

effervescent (20 percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ak—9 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; firm; common very fine roots; many

snail shells; strongly effervescent (18 percent calcium carbonate); moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and

medium angular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; many distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; common fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix;

few snail shells; slightly effervescent (7 percent calcium carbonate); moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—25 to 31 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; few

fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct olive (5Y 4/4)

masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few snail shells;

slightly effervescent (5 percent calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg3—31 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine roots;

common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds;

common medium distinct olive (5Y 4/4) masses of iron and manganese

accumulation and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in

the matrix; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (2 percent calcium carbonate);

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg4—36 to 41 inches; 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4), 35 percent olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6), and 25 percent gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (2 percent

calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg1—41 to 56 inches; 55 percent gray (5Y 5/1), 40 percent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6), and 5 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; massive; firm; 1

percent gravel; strongly effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate); moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—56 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam, massive; friable; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess or silty colluvium: 36 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 8 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 22 to 46 inches

Apk or Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N
Douglas County, Illinois 53

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—moderately alkaline

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Harpster and similar soils: 97 percent

Dissimilar soils: 3 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the surface layer and subsoil

• Soils that do not have carbonates within a depth of 16 inches

• Soils that have a very thick dark surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The very poorly drained Peotone and Milford, undrained, soils in depressions

Properties and Qualities of the Harpster Soil

Parent material: Fine-silty colluvium over glacial drift

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric
54 Soil Survey of

Hartsburg Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated

field, at an elevation of 571 feet above mean sea level, in Logan County, Illinois; about

4 miles southwest of Emden, Illinois; 660 feet west and 40 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 23, T. 21 N., R. 4 W.; USGS New Holland, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 14 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 31

minutes 28 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0285283E 4458291N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A1—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

A2—12 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; firm; few very fine roots; few fine rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries along root channels and pores; few fine distinct dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—17 to 21 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions with diffuse boundaries lining

root channels and pores; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg—21 to 30 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) pressure faces on faces of peds;

common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/

1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions with diffuse

boundaries lining root channels and pores; few fine and medium rounded white

(10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate concretions throughout; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

masses of iron in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

BCkg—30 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct gray (N 5/0) and grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) linings in pores and root channels; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

krotovinas; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions with diffuse boundaries lining pores; many medium

and coarse rounded white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate

concretions throughout; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses of iron in the matrix; violently effervescent among concretions, slightly

effervescent in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; massive; friable; common

very dark gray 10YR 3/1) krotovinas; few medium rounded white (10YR 8/1)

weakly cemented calcium carbonate concretions throughout; many medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron with diffuse boundaries lining

pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
Douglas County, Illinois 55

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess: More than 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 35 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 24 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg and Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

244A—Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Hartsburg and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that have more clay in the surface layer and subsoil

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 15 inches

• Soils that do not have carbonates within a depth of 35 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are moderately well drained; on rises

• The very poorly drained Peotone and Milford, undrained, soils in depressions

Properties and Qualities of the Hartsburg Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate
56 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Harvard Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 667 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois, about one-half

mile west of Brocton; 800 feet north and 2,050 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 26, T. 15 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Brocton, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39

degrees 43 minutes 03.02 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 56 minutes 25.79

seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0419387E 4396617N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate very

fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2—12 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—17 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few faint brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt4—26 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—31 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; few distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Douglas County, Illinois 57

2C—38 to 65 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6), stratified sandy loam and loamy sand; massive; very friable; few very fine

roots; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: More than 35 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 6 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—commonly stratified loam, sandy clay loam, very fine sandy loam, and

sandy loam and thin bands of loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 12 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

344B—Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes
58 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Harvard and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have slopes of more than 5 percent

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall soils on toeslopes

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The poorly drained Brooklyn soils on toeslopes and in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Harvard Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to 3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Kendall Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 650 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County, Illinois; 1,160 feet

north and 400 feet west of the center of sec. 36, T. 15 N., R. 10 E.; USGS Oakland,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 42 minutes 24 seconds N. and long.

88 degrees 02 minutes 17 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0411011E 4395506N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots;

few fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium
Douglas County, Illinois 59

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—11 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; many very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—14 to 25 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine and

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—25 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky;

firm; few very fine and fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg3—41 to 51 inches; 55 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 45 percent gray

(5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse

subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common distinct gray (10YR

5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Btg4—51 to 58 inches; 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 30 percent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent gray (5Y 5/1) loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—58 to 74 inches; 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 45 percent gray (5Y

5/1), and 10 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), stratified loam, sandy loam, and

silt loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Cg2—74 to 80 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), 30 percent gray (10YR

5/1), and 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), stratified gravelly loam, gravelly

sandy loam, and silt loam; massive; friable; about 16 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 5; 2 or 3 in horizons less than 7 inches thick

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E or Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
60 Soil Survey of

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BE or BEg horizon (where present):

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Btg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly acid

2Btg or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—less than 15 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified silt loam, loam, sandy loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy

clay loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—less than 15 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

242A—Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Kendall and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have less than 40 inches of loess over the loamy outwash

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Brooklyn soils in swales
Douglas County, Illinois 61

• The well drained Camden and Martinsville soils on sideslopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Kendall Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.0 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Kernan Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Chromic Vertic Epiaqualfs

Taxadjunct features: The Kernan soils in this survey area have less expansive clay

than is defined as the range for the series. This difference, however, does not

significantly affect the use and management of the soils. These soils are classified

as fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs.

Typical Pedon

Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 3 percent, in a pasture, at an

elevation of 632 feet above mean sea level, in La Salle County, Illinois, about 1 mile

south of North Utica, Illinois; 1,400 feet north and 120 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 21, T. 33 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Starved Rock, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 18 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 59

minutes 29 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0333306E 4575149N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—5 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR

8/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Btg—12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine and

medium angular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; very few faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt coats on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine
62 Soil Survey of

and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation

in the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—20 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

prismatic structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; very few distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films along root channels and pores;

common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and along

pores; common medium brown (7.5YR 4/4) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common medium and

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—29 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; very few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films along root channels and pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds and along pores; common medium brown (7.5YR

4/4) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg—36 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films along root channels and pores; common

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium brown

(7.5YR 4/4) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron in the matrix; 4 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2BC—40 to 43 inches; 60 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) and 40 percent olive

gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine medium black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common

medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron in the matrix; 2

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Cd—43 to 60 inches; 90 percent brown (10YR 5/3) and 10 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2)

silty clay; massive; very firm; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout; common medium very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) soft carbonate masses; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; very strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 35 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 55 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5; 3 in horizons less than 7 inches thick

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam
Douglas County, Illinois 63

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Btg or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

554A—Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Till plains, lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Kernan and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have less than 35 inches of loess over lacustrine sediments

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Milford soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Kernan Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits and/or clayey till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
64 Soil Survey of

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 8.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

554B—Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Till plains, lake plains

Position on the landform: Shoulders and summits

Map Unit Composition

Kernan and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have a thinner subsoil

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have less than 35 inches of loess over the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Milford soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Kernan Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits and/or clayey till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 8.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None
Douglas County, Illinois 65

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Martinsville Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 695 feet above

mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois; about 250 feet south and 1,430 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 21 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Rising, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 14 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 88

degrees 21 minutes 37 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0384285E 4454764N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very

fine and fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—9 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine angular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common very fine

roots; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; many very fine roots;

many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few

fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium

and coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; many distinct

dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—36 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct dark brown (10YR

3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.
66 Soil Survey of

Bt5—45 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), stratified silt loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in

the matrix; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BCt—57 to 69 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy

loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; common fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

BC—69 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), stratified loam and sandy loam;

massive; friable; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: Less than 20 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 80 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5; 3 in A horizons less than 6 inches thick

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E or BE horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BCt, BC, C, or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam; stratified in some

pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 67

570B—Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Martinsville and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that have more than 18 inches of loess over the outwash

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall and Starks soils on toeslopes and in swales

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Martinsville Soil

Parent material: Thin loess over loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes
68 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Martinsville and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall and Starks soils on toeslopes and in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Martinsville Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

570D2—Martinsville loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Martinsville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have less sand in the substratum

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding
Douglas County, Illinois 69

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that are underlain by till or lacustrine material within a depth of 40 inches

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall and Starks soils on toeslopes and in swales

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Martinsville Soil

Parent material: Loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Medway Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic

Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded, on a slope of 1 percent, in

a cultivated field, at an elevation of 528 feet above mean sea level, in Shelby County,

Illinois, about 1.5 miles northeast of Cowden; 940 feet north and 1,100 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 35, T. 10 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Fancher, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 15 minutes 45.1 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 49

minutes 40.6 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0342292E 4347294N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—7 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw1—18 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR
70 Soil Survey of

3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—22 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3)

coats on vertical faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine

faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) masses of iron and manganese

accumulation in the matrix; common medium and few coarse rounded ironmanganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bw3—33 to 44 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint brown

(10YR 4/3) coats on vertical faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium and few coarse

rounded iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; 2 percent fine gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1—44 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; massive;

friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) coats on cleavage planes; few fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron and manganese oxides in the

matrix; common medium rounded iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C2—56 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam that has thin strata of

sandy loam; massive; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) coats on cleavage

planes; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions;

common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and common fine

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) masses of iron and manganese

accumulation in the matrix; few fine and medium rounded iron-manganese oxide

concretions throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 30 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: More than 28 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BC or C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, gravelly sandy loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 71

8682A—Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood-plain steps, stream terraces

Map Unit Composition

Medway and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have more development in the subsoil

• Soils that have a thinner dark surface layer

• Soils that are flooded more frequently than once every 2 years

Dissimilar soils:

• The well drained Camden and Martinsville soils on rises

• Soils that remain wet or ponded for extended periods; in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Medway Soil

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.3 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Frequency and most likely period of flooding: Occasional, November through June

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Milford Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Milford silty clay loam, in an area of Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 646 feet above mean sea level, in

Moultrie County, Illinois; 1,170 feet north and 1,605 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 20, T. 13 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Sullivan, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39
72 Soil Survey of

degrees 33 minutes 10.7 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 33 minutes 09.7 seconds

W.; UTM Zone 16S 0366596E 4379086N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common very fine and fine

roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 14 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots throughout; many

distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine

and medium faint dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Btg1—14 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine

roots throughout; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron and

manganese oxides in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—25 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common

very fine roots throughout and on faces of peds; many distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay

films, common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films, and few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2Btg3—45 to 75 inches; 85 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 15 percent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), stratified silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure;

firm; few very fine and fine roots throughout; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay

films on faces of peds and few prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films

lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) masses of

iron-manganese oxides in the matrix; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2BCg—75 to 93 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine roots throughout; many prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

organo-clay films lining root channels and pores; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess or silty lacustrine deposits: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: More than 36 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 73

2Btg and 2BCg horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silt loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Milford and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have a thin dark surface layer

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Milford Soil

Parent material: Silty and clayey lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric
74 Soil Survey of

722A—Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 60 percent

Milford and similar soils: 35 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are somewhat poorly drained; on rises

• Soils that have a thin dark surface layer

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil and more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a loamy surface layer or subsoil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that have a thin, light-colored surface layer

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils in the slightly higher landscape positions

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.3 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Properties and Qualities of the Milford Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May
Douglas County, Illinois 75

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Drummer—2w; Milford—2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Drummer—hydric; Milford—hydric

747A—Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Depressions

Map Unit Composition

Milford, undrained, and similar soils: 55 percent

Milford, drained, and similar soils: 40 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a dense layer of silty clay below a depth of 60 inches

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that have more than 20 inches of muck overlying the mineral soil

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Undrained Milford Soil

Parent material: Silty and clayey lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow to moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 80 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5.0 to 15.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface

(all year)

Ponding depth: Up to 0.5 foot (all year)

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Negligible
76 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Drained Milford Soil

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 6.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: Milford, undrained—5w; Milford, drained—2w

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Milford, undrained—hydric; Milford, drained—hydric

Millbrook Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

Taxadjunct features: The Millbrook soils in this survey area are better drained than is

defined as the range for the series. This difference, however, does not significantly

affect the use and management of the soils. These soils are classified as fine-silty,

mixed, superactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field,

at an elevation of about 660 feet above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois;

55 feet north and 2,240 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T. 17 N., R. 9 E.;

USGS Villa Grove NW, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 52 minutes 49

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 07 minutes 51 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S

0403300E 4414871N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; few fine rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented manganese oxide nodules throughout;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate medium granular;

friable; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds;

few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

nodules throughout; many fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron and

manganese and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in

the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—14 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; few medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly
Douglas County, Illinois 77

cemented manganese oxide nodules throughout; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses of iron in the matrix; common medium prominent grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—21 to 35 inches; 70 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and 30 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; friable; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; common medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Btg2—35 to 44 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure; friable; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films in pores; few medium irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented manganese oxide nodules throughout;

many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BCg—44 to 55 inches; 60 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and 40 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), stratified clay loam and sandy loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

friable; few medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) manganese oxide coats on faces

of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron in

the matrix; 10 percent fine gravel in the clay loam strata; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg1—55 to 73 inches; 60 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and 40 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) sandy loam stratified with thin lenses of coarse sand; massive; very

friable; 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg2—73 to 80 inches; 60 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) and 40 percent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam; massive; very friable; 5 percent fine gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam
78 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Btg or 2BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam; typically with thin

strata of sand or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

219A—Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, outwash terraces

Position on the landform: Footslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Millbrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

• Soils that have more than 40 inches of loess over the loamy outwash

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Brooklyn soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Camden and Harvard soils on side slopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Millbrook Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None
Douglas County, Illinois 79

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

MW—Miscellaneous water

• This map unit consists of manmade areas that are used for industrial, sanitary, or

mining applications and that contain water most of the year.

Mona Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Mona soils in this survey area have a lighter colored surface

layer than is defined as the range for the series. This difference, however, does not

significantly affect the use and management of the soils. These soils are classified

as fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon

Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded, on a slope of 6 percent, in a

cultivated field, at an elevation of 633 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County,

Illinois; about 950 feet east and 900 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 15

N., R. 9 E.; USGS Villa Grove, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 45

minutes 03.7 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 45.2 seconds W.; UTM

Zone 16S 0394689E 4400636N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; mixed very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and brown (10YR 4/3)

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—20 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy clay loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few iron-manganese concretions

throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2BC—26 to 31 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse angular

blocky structure; firm; many coarse faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of

iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few iron-manganese concretions

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg—31 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse angular

blocky structure; very firm; common medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine carbonate concretions throughout; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

3Cd—46 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4), gray (5Y 5/1), and gray (5Y 6/1) silty

clay; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
80 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark surface layer: 0 to 4 inches

Thickness of the loess or silty lacustrine deposits: 0 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 26 to 54 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 30 to 54 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC, 2C, or 2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

3Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

448C3—Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely

eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Mona and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that have a subsoil of clay

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam, clay loam, or sandy loam

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding
Douglas County, Illinois 81

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Milford soils in swales

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The somewhat poorly drained Kernan and Rutland soils on shoulders and summits

in positions higher than those of the Mona soil

Properties and Qualities of the Mona Soil

Parent material: Outwash over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits and/or clayey till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 54 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 5.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 2.0 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly subsoil material.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Octagon Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on a slope of 5 percent, in a

cultivated field, at an elevation of 676 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County,

Illinois; 455 feet north and 2,161 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 16 N.,

R. 10 E.; USGS Murdock, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 49 minutes

21.1 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 03 minutes 28.7 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S

0409456E 4408385N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; 80 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam mixed with 20

percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; brown (10YR 5/3) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; many roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate very

fine and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—12 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—23 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of
82 Soil Survey of

peds; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions

throughout; few iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; few small pebbles;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

BCt—33 to 37 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions

throughout; few iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; few small pebbles;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

C—37 to 47 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few fine faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions throughout; few small pebbles; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cd—47 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions throughout; few small pebbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 0 to 18 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 27 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 4 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt or BCt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

C or Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

656C2—Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Till plains, ground moraines, end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Octagon and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent
Douglas County, Illinois 83

Similar soils:

• Soils that are shallow to carbonates

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Octagon Soil

Parent material: Thin loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 7.8 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.5 to 3.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

802D—Orthents, loamy, rolling

General Description

• This map unit is in areas where soil material has been excavated and redeposited

during sand and gravel mining operations, road construction, dam building, or other

activities requiring mass disturbance of earthy material. Typically, the surface layer is

clay loam about 10 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches or

more is clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam.

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines or stream terraces

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Orthents, loamy, and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar components: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils in areas previously used for landfill

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding
84 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar components:

• The well drained Camden and Martinsville soils in undisturbed areas

• Ponded soils in pits and depressions

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

• Urban land

Properties and Qualities of the Loamy Orthents

Parent material: Earthy cut and fill material

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow to moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 3.3 feet,

February through April

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

809F—Orthents, loamy-skeletal, acid, steep

General Description

• This map unit consists of soils that have been extensively modified by cutting, filling,

and leveling. These soils are near Murdock, Illinois. The area is the site of an inactive

coal mine and has been used to stockpile overburden and mine tailings. Typically,

the surface layer is gravelly loam about 3 inches thick. The underlying material to a

depth of about 60 inches is very channery loam, very channery sandy clay loam, or

very channery clay loam.

Setting

Landform: Mine spoil

Map Unit Composition

Orthents, loamy-skeletal, and similar soils: 98 percent

Dissimilar soils: 2 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil and substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Ponded soils in pits and depressions

• Soils that are less acid throughout
Douglas County, Illinois 85

Properties and Qualities of the Loamy-Skeletal Orthents

Parent material: Mine spoil or earthy fill

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 4.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 7s

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Peotone Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area in a cultivated

field, at an elevation of 692 feet above mean sea level, in Macon County, Illinois; 310

feet north and 2,435 feet west of the center of sec. 13, T. 14 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Dalton

City, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 39 minutes 40.5 seconds N. and

long. 88 degrees 49 minutes 43.3 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0343125E 4391552N;

NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate

very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—6 to 14 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate

very fine subangular blocky structure; moderate medium angular blocky

compaction zone in the upper 2 inches; firm; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—14 to 22 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (5Y 5/1) dry;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; many faint black (5Y 2.5/1) organic

coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BA—22 to 28 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (5Y 5/1) dry;

moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; few medium rounded prominent black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—28 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic

structure; firm; few fine faint gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few

medium rounded prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented ironmanganese nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—36 to 44 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

firm; common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron and

manganese accumulation and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine and medium rounded prominent black (7.5YR
86 Soil Survey of

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

BCg—44 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

firm; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of iron and manganese

accumulation in the matrix; krotovinas make up 11 percent of the horizon; violently

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Thickness of the loess or clayey colluvial sediment: More than 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 38 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: More than 38 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—typically none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BCg or Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Closed depressions

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Peotone and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a thinner dark surface soil

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding
Douglas County, Illinois 87

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils in positions above those of the

Peotone soil

Properties and Qualities of the Peotone Soil

Parent material: Clayey colluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through June

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.5 foot, January through June

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Negligible

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

864—Pits, quarries

• This map unit consists of areas near Tuscola, Illinois, from which crushed limestone

gravel and agricultural lime are being quarried.

865—Pits, gravel

• This map unit consists of nearly level to gently sloping areas from which gravel has

been extracted. The pits have nearly vertical sidewalls. Some pits are active, and

others have been abandoned. Some contain water.

Plano Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 785 feet above mean sea level, in Bureau County, Illinois; 145 feet east

and 1,450 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 24, T. 15 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Buda,

Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 16 minutes 25.2 seconds N. and long.

89 degrees 38 minutes 39.2 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0278522E 4572298N; NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.
88 Soil Survey of

A—8 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BA—15 to 20 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—20 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—27 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—37 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4—45 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt5—55 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), stratified clay loam and sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 44 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, or silt

loam
Douglas County, Illinois 89

Content of rock fragments—2 to 14 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, silt loam, and clay loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to moderately alkaline

199B—Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Plano and similar soils: 91 percent

Dissimilar soils: 9 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils on toeslopes

• Soils that are severely eroded

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Plano Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.8 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.0 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric
90 Soil Survey of

Proctor Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 4 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 682 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois, about 1 mile

southwest of Redmon; 1,500 feet west and 100 feet south of the northeast corner of

sec. 32, T. 14 N., R. 13 W.; USGS Brocton, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39

degrees 37 minutes 43.03 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 52 minutes 38.90

seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0424693E 4386697N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common very fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—9 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure parting to

moderate very fine granular; friable; common very fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate very fine

and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—25 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm;

few very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

about 1 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—33 to 45 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very

fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root channels and pores;

about 1 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—45 to 52 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam stratified with thin lenses of

loamy sand; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—52 to 60 inches; mixed brown (7.5YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy

loam stratified with thin lenses of loamy sand; massive and single grain; very

friable; about 2 percent fine gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral
Douglas County, Illinois 91

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less sand in the substratum

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have a silty lacustrine substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils in positions below those of the Proctor

soil

Properties and Qualities of the Proctor Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None
92 Soil Survey of

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Raub Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area in a cultivated field, at an

elevation of 680 feet above mean sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois; 2,550 feet

north and 1,690 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 20 N., R. 14 W.; USGS

Royal, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 10 minutes 40 seconds N. and

long. 87 degrees 59 minutes 18 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0415855E 4447951N;

NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate

fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organoclay films lining pores; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; few fine distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt2—22 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; strong fine and

medium angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions,

few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron and manganese accumulation, and

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine rounded prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—32 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organo-clay

films lining root channels; few coarse prominent light olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron

depletions and many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many medium irregular prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 1 percent fine

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—40 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

iron depletions and many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of
Douglas County, Illinois 93

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine irregular prominent black (7.5YR

2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 1 percent

fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and gray (5Y 6/1) loam; massive;

firm; common fine distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2BC horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2C or 2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 10 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
94 Soil Survey of

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Footslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Raub and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have carbonates above a depth of 40 inches

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Raub Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Russell Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, on a slope of 8 percent, in a

cultivated field, at an elevation of 738 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County,

Illinois; 115 feet north and 235 feet west of the center of sec. 18, T. 12 N., R. 13 W.;

USGS Westfield East, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 29 minutes 23.3

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 53 minutes 48.2 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T,

0422886E 4371309N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

mixed with few yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) pockets of subsoil material in the lower
Douglas County, Illinois 95

part; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; friable; many very fine roots;

few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented manganese concretions

throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented manganese oxide concretions throughout; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—13 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented manganese oxide concretions

throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—21 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coats on faces of peds;

common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded

black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented manganese oxide concretions throughout;

very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—27 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coats on faces of peds; few distinct brown (7.5YR

4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented manganese oxide concretions throughout; 2 percent fine gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—36 to 56 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films lining root

channels and pores; few prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese coats

on faces of peds; few fine and medium rounded black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented manganese oxide concretions throughout; 5 percent fine gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

2Cd—56 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented manganese oxide concretions

throughout; 5 percent fine gravel; very slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam
96 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC, 2C, or 2Cd horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent by volume

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

322C2—Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Russell and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a dark surface layer

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 3.5 to 6.0 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Fincastle and Toronto soils on toeslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Russell Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 8.9 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None
Douglas County, Illinois 97

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Rutland Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 646 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County, Illinois; 80 feet north

and 978 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 7, T. 15 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Villa

Grove, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 45 minutes 24.38 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 14 minutes 44.6 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0393285E

4401294N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common fine roots

throughout; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on faces of peds;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; few

fine roots throughout; very few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on faces of

peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 24 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots along faces of peds; very few distinct very dark brown (10YR

2/2) organic coats on faces of peds; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—24 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; common very

fine roots along faces of peds; very few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few prominent dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—33 to 47 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse

prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; common very

fine and fine roots along faces of peds; few prominent dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; very few prominent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent black
98 Soil Survey of

(7.5YR 2.5/1) masses of iron-manganese oxide accumulation throughout; very

slightly effervescent on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4—47 to 55 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay loam; moderate

coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots along faces of peds; very few prominent very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct

gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2BCt—55 to 64 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) silty clay; weak coarse

prismatic structure; platy rock structure; very firm; few fine roots in the upper part;

very few distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) and few grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation and many fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron and

manganese accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of

carbonate accumulation along faces of peds; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cd1—64 to 78 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silty clay; massive; platy rock

structure; very firm; no roots; very few distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay films lining

pores; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of

carbonate accumulation along faces of peds; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Cd2—78 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; massive; slightly

platy rock structure; friable; many medium and coarse distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and common fine yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; common prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of carbonate

accumulation on horizontal faces of plates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 35 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 30 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap, A, or AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral
Douglas County, Illinois 99

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

375A—Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Rutland and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Harpster soils in depressions

• The poorly drained Milford and Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Rutland Soil

Parent material: Loess over silty and clayey lacustrine deposits and/or clayey till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 8.4 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3.5 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low
100 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Sabina Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 665 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County, Illinois, about 23/4

miles north and 1 mile west of Ficklin; 1,785 feet north and 36 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 16 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Tuscola, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 50 minutes 24.6 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 22

minutes 05 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0382947E 4410701N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—8 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; few fine iron-manganese concretions throughout; strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

BE—12 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate very

fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions and few fine iron-manganese oxide concretions

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—16 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses of iron and manganese accumulation and few fine iron-manganese oxide

concretions throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—25 to 37 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation and few fine iron-manganese

oxide concretions throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—37 to 43 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; weak and moderate

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common prominent very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and

common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions and few

fine iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—43 to 50 inches; variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few fine pebbles; neutral; gradual irregular

boundary.

2Cd—50 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loam; massive; very firm; common

medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) moderately cemented iron-manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct gray (10YR

6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium irregular white (10YR 8/1) very
Douglas County, Illinois 101

weakly cemented calcium carbonate nodules throughout; 7 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 75 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 44 to 75 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BE horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
102 Soil Survey of

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, till plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Sabina and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The moderately well drained Wingate and Xenia soils in landscape positions similar

to those of the Sabina soil

• The moderately well drained Birkbeck soils on slopes in positions above those of the

Sabina soil

Properties and Qualities of the Sabina Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 48 to 80 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 9.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Sawmill Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, in a nearly level area

in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 535 feet above mean sea level, in Sangamon

County, Illinois; about 2 miles west of Rochester, Illinois, on the flood plain along the

South Fork of the Sangamon River; 750 feet east and 300 feet south of the northwest
Douglas County, Illinois 103

corner of sec. 20, T. 15 N., R. 4 W.; USGS New City, Illinois, topographic quadrangle;

lat. 39 degrees 44 minutes 34 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 34 minutes 15

seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0279714E 4402160N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; few subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—10 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; few subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter; few fine

faint rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A2—17 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine

faint rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

AB—25 to 32 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm;

few fine roots; few fine faint rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese concretions with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—32 to 40 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; few fine

faint rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—40 to 49 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct

dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions with diffuse

boundaries lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine prominent rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese concretions with diffuse boundaries lining pores; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—58 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; massive; firm; very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) channel linings and fillings; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation lining pores; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches
104 Soil Survey of

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 36 to 60 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg and Btg horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam; stratified with other textures in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

1107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Sawmill, undrained, and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a dark surface layer less than 24 inches thick

• Soils that have a dark surface layer and subsoil more than 36 inches thick

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that are subject to occasional flooding

• Soils in the slightly higher areas that are subject to shorter periods of flooding or

ponding

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Shaffton and moderately well drained Medway soils

on low terraces or flood-plain steps

Properties and Qualities of the Sawmill Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Douglas County, Illinois 105

Available water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

November through June

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, November through June

Frequency and most likely period of flooding: Frequent, November through June

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 5w

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Hydric

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Sawmill and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand throughout

• Soils that are subject to occasional flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The very poorly drained Sawmill, undrained, soils that are subject to flooding of long

duration; on flood plains

• The moderately well drained Medway soils on flood-plain steps or low terraces

Properties and Qualities of the Sawmill Soil

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.0 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.5 to 7.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Months in which flooding is not likely to occur: July, August, September, October

Frequency and most likely period of flooding: Frequent, November through June

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low
106 Soil Survey of

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained and either protected from

flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Senachwine Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, at an elevation of 856 feet

above mean sea level, in Bureau County, Illinois; about 1,040 feet west and 1,345 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 21, T. 15 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Wyanet, Illinois,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 16 minutes 25.4 seconds N. and long. 89

degrees 34 minutes 18 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T, 0284602E 4572121N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; mixed brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—15 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine prominent rounded black (N 2.5/0) weakly cemented ironmanganese concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BCt—28 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm;

few fine roots; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—34 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; 5 percent rock fragments;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 0 to 18 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 24 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4
Douglas County, Illinois 107

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

BC or 2BC horizon (where present):

Colors—similar to those of the B horizon

Texture—similar to that of the C horizon

Reaction—similar to that of the C horizon

C or 2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

618C2—Senachwine silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Senachwine and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have carbonates above a depth of 20 inches

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Fincastle soils on toeslopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill and somewhat poorly drained Shaffton soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the Senachwine Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 7.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent
108 Soil Survey of

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

618D2—Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes,

eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines, ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Senachwine and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have carbonates above a depth of 20 inches

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Fincastle soils on toeslopes

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Sawmill and somewhat poorly drained Shaffton soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the Senachwine Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 7.7 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete
Douglas County, Illinois 109

Surface runoff class: Medium

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

618F—Senachwine silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines, ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Senachwine and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have carbonates above a depth of 20 inches

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that have slopes of more than 35 percent

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soil that are somewhat poorly drained; on toeslopes and in swales

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

• The poorly drained Sawmill and somewhat poorly drained Shaffton soils on flood

plains

Properties and Qualities of the Senachwine Soil

Parent material: Loamy till

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 2.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: Moderate for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: High

Susceptibility to water erosion: High

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 6e

Prime farmland category: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric
110 Soil Survey of

Sexton Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area in a cultivated field, at an

elevation of 675 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois; 150 feet north

and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 18, T. 12 N., R. 13 W.; USGS

Westfield East, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 28 minutes 58.2

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 53 minutes 13.3 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S,

0423714E 4370526N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry;

moderate very fine granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; few fine rounded

black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Eg—8 to 12 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; moderate thin platy structure;

friable; few very fine roots; few fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common

fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Btg/Eg—12 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam (Btg) and light gray

(10YR 7/1) silt loam (Eg); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and common faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint brown

(10YR 4/3) and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium rounded black (10YR 2/1)

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—16 to 29 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; moderate fine and medium prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and common distinct light

gray (10YR 7/1) silt coats on faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct and

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and

common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg2—29 to 36 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

films and few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) silt coats on faces of peds; common

fine and medium distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation and common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1)

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Btg3—36 to 45 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), stratified clay loam; weak

coarse prismatic structure; firm; common distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

films in root channels and pores; common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common fine faint light gray

(10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium irregular black

(10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2BCtg—45 to 60 inches; mixed light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), stratified sandy loam; massive; firm; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y
Douglas County, Illinois 111

5/2) clay films in root channels and pores; common fine and medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron and manganese accumulation

and common fine faint light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese

oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2BCt—60 to 78 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) loamy sand with strata of

gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; very friable; few thin

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay bridges between sand grains; common fine

prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg—78 to 90 inches; 75 percent gray (10YR 6/1) and 25 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) silt loam; massive; firm; few root channels; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 30 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: More than 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

Bt/Eg horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Btg or 2BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam; stratified in some

pedons
112 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or silty clay loam; thin lenses of

loamy sand or sand in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

208A—Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Sexton and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Kendall and Starks soils in positions above those of

the Sexton soil

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Sexton Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.8 to 1.5 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric
Douglas County, Illinois 113

Shaffton Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic

Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, on a slope of 1 percent, in

a cultivated field, at an elevation of 627 feet above mean sea level, in Douglas County,

Illinois; 1,630 feet east and 360 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 15 N.,

R. 10 E.; USGS Murdock, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 46 minutes

10.6 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 02 minutes 21.1 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S,

0410994E 440294N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; moderate very fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; few faint black (10YR 2/1)

organic coats on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

BA—11 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate very fine granular; friable; common very fine roots

throughout; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of

peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese

nodules throughout; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—23 to 34 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure; firm; common fine roots throughout; very few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats and few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

vertical faces of peds and in root channels; common fine and medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many

medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—34 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots throughout; few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds and in

root channels and very few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of

peds; many medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common

coarse strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron-manganese nodules

throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

BC—46 to 55 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few very fine roots throughout; very

few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; trace

amounts of fine rounded rock fragments; common coarse prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct

black (2.5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

CB—55 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) sandy

loam; massive; friable; few very fine roots throughout; 1 percent fine rounded rock

fragments; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C—62 to 75 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), stratified

loamy sand and sandy loam; massive; very friable; 2 percent fine rounded rock

fragments; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline.
114 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 30 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bt or Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BC or CB horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—stratified sandy loam and loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

3183A—Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, flood-plain steps

Map Unit Composition

Shaffton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have thick dark surface and subsoil horizons

• Soils that are subject to occasional flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The well drained Camden and Martinsville soils on terraces in positions above those

of the Shaffton soil
Douglas County, Illinois 115

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains in positions below those of the

Shaffton soil

• Soils on side slopes that are subject to rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Shaffton Soil

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Months in which flooding is not likely to occur: July, August, September, October

Frequency and most likely period of flooding: Frequent, November through June

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where protected from flooding or not

frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Starks Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, on a slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at

an elevation of 645 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois; 1,075 feet east

and 2,150 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 12 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Paris

South, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 30 minutes 34.08 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 44 minutes 01.94 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0436909E

4373363N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate

very fine granular structure in the upper part and moderate thin and medium platy

structure in the lower part; friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate medium platy structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented

iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—13 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and many
116 Soil Survey of

faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt coats on faces of peds; common medium

faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—21 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium and coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and common faint light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) silt coats on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine rounded black (10YR

2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; very strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg2—30 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; moderate

coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR

5/3) clay films on faces of peds and few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films in root

channels and pores; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation

in the matrix; common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—35 to 40 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; few medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C1—40 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6), stratified sandy loam and

sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2C2—54 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; many

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and common fine

and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide throughout; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: More than 35 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral
Douglas County, Illinois 117

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly acid

2Btg or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, silt loam, and clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

132A—Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Starks and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of loamy sand or sand

• Soils that are more than 40 inches deep to loamy outwash

• Soils that are subject to very rare flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The poorly drained Brooklyn and Sexton soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Camden and Martinsville soils on terraces in positions above those

of the Starks soil

• Soils on low terraces or flood plains that are subject to more than very rare flooding

Properties and Qualities of the Starks Soil

Parent material: Loess over stratified loamy outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.0 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
118 Soil Survey of

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Sunbury Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 680 feet above mean

sea level, in Douglas County, Illinois; about 1,270 feet north and 1,410 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 16 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Atwood, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 49 minutes 27.4 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 27

minutes 25.6 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0375298E 4409059N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate thin and medium platy

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common very fine roots

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

BE—12 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; many distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine

and fine roots between peds; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct irregular black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; common fine

faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—25 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky;

firm; common fine roots between peds; many distinct dark grayish brown 10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent irregular black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; few medium

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Douglas County, Illinois 119

Bt3—36 to 43 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; friable; few very fine and fine

roots between peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; common medium distinct rounded and irregular black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; common medium faint

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg—43 to 47 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; few fine and medium distinct irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

1 percent fine gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—47 to 72 inches; 50 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 50 percent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium prominent

rounded white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate nodules

throughout; few fine and medium distinct irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 3 percent fine gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 45 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 45 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

BE horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6
120 Soil Survey of

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2Btg or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

234A—Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, till plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Sunbury and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a substratum of sandy loam

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Sunbury Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High
Douglas County, Illinois 121

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

234B—Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, till plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Sunbury and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet

• Soils that have a substratum of sandy loam

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Sunbury Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric
122 Soil Survey of

Toronto Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a nearly level area in a cultivated field, at an

elevation of 682 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois; 525 feet south

and 2,050 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 14 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Paris

North, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 38 minutes 44.73 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 41 minutes 48.98 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0440201E

4388464N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

nodules throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate thin and medium platy

structure; friable; common very fine roots; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Btg1—12 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common

very fine roots; many faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—16 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films in root channels and pores;

many faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coats on faces of peds; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide

nodules throughout; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Btg3—26 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; moderate coarse

prismatic structure; firm; common very fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films in root channels and pores; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded

black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout;

about 1 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt—33 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine distinct light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; about 1 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2BC—44 to 54 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse prismatic

structure; firm; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in

root channels and pores; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
Douglas County, Illinois 123

iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 10

percent fine gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C—54 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine distinct

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; about 10 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark surface layer: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid or moderately acid

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2BC or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
124 Soil Survey of

353A—Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Toronto and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have carbonates above a depth of 35 inches

• Soils that have slopes of slightly more than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The moderately well drained Wingate soils on slopes in positions above those of the

Toronto soil

Properties and Qualities of the Toronto Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.6 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

533—Urban land

• This map unit occurs as areas that are covered by pavement and buildings. Because

of extensive land smoothing, the areas are generally nearly level or gently sloping.

Most of the paved areas are parking lots adjacent to shopping centers, industrial

plants, and other commercial buildings.

W—Water

• This map unit includes streams, lakes, ponds, and estuaries. These areas are

covered with water in most years, at least during the period that is warm enough for
Douglas County, Illinois 125

plants to grow. Many areas are covered throughout the year. Gravel pits and other

areas that contain water most of the time are included.

Wingate Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, on a slope of 2 percent, in a cultivated field,

at an elevation of 659 feet above mean sea level, in Edgar County, Illinois; 985 feet

north and 1,455 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 15 N., R. 12 W.; USGS

Paris North, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 43 minutes 23 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 07 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 0439839E

4397046N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3)

dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine

granular; friable; many very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate

medium platy structure; friable; common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) ironmanganese oxide coats on faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular

black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; few

fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 2

percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—36 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented ironmanganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

2C—52 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules

throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark surface layer: 7 to 10 inches

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 29 to 65 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 29 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam
126 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 7 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

348B—Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Till plains

Position on the landform: Summits and shoulders

Map Unit Composition

Wingate and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a loamy subsoil

• Soils that are eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Toronto and Fincastle soils on toeslopes in positions

below those of the Wingate soil

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

Properties and Qualities of the Wingate Soil

Parent material: Loess over till
Douglas County, Illinois 127

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.0 to 4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet,

February through April

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Xenia Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 705 feet above mean

sea level, in Champaign County, Illinois; about 390 feet north and 860 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 20 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Thomasboro, Illinois, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 08 minutes 35.5 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 09

minutes 57.1 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T, 0400688E 4444090N; NAD 27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate

medium platy structure; friable; many faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt coats

on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

BEt—10 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt coats on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt coats on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; many distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) silt coats on faces of peds; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

few medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.
128 Soil Survey of

2Bt3—37 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt4—48 to 57 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak

coarse prismatic structure; firm; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Cd—57 to 72 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; firm; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

E and/or BE horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BC horizon (where present):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline
Douglas County, Illinois 129

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

291B—Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, till plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Xenia and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that are eroded

• Soils that are more than 40 inches deep to loamy till

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Soil that are severely eroded

• The poorly drained Drummer soils in swales

• The well drained Senachwine and Russell soils in landscape positions similar to

those of the Xenia soil

Properties and Qualities of the Xenia Soil

Parent material: Loess over till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense material

Available water capacity: About 9.8 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1.0 to 3.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Depth and months of the highest perched seasonal high water table: 1.5 feet, January

through May

Ponding: None

Flooding: None

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Moderate

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Low

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric
130 Soil Survey of

Zook Series

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded, about 1 mile northeast

of Little York in Warren County, Illinois; 2,640 feet west and 1,200 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 12 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Little York topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 01 minute 14 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 43 minutes

03 seconds W.; UTM Zone 15T, 0691914E 4543337N; NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 22 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay, gray (N 5/0) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—22 to 38 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak

fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular and angular blocky;

firm; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—38 to 55 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular and angular blocky; firm; common faint very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) organic coats in roots channels and krotovinas; common

medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) and common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

BCg—55 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint gray (5Y 5/1) organic coats in root

channels and on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: More than 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 36 to 75 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

BCg or Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 5
Douglas County, Illinois 131

Chroma—1

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—none

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

3405A—Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Zook and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have less clay

• Soils that are subject to occasional flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• Soils that are subject to rare flooding

• The somewhat poorly drained Shaffton and moderately well drained Medway soils

on flood-plain steps and low terraces

• The very poorly drained Sawmill soils in undrained areas

Properties and Qualities of the Zook Soil

Parent material: Silty and clayey alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow or moderately slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4.0 to 5.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Depth and months of the highest apparent seasonal high water table: At the surface,

January through May

Depth and most likely period of ponding: 0.2 foot, January through May

Months in which flooding is not likely to occur: July, August, September, October

Frequency and most likely period of flooding: Frequent, November through June

Potential for frost action: High

Hazard of corrosion: High for steel and low for concrete

Surface runoff class: Low

Susceptibility to water erosion: Low

Susceptibility to wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland category: Prime farmland where drained and either protected from

flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric soil status: Hydric

133

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of the soils in the survey area. It can

be used to adjust land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural resources and

the environment. Also, it can help to prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, conservationists, engineers, and others

collect extensive field data about the nature and behavioral characteristics of the soils.

They collect data on erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that affect

various soil uses and management. Field experience and collected data on soil

properties and performance are used as a basis in predicting soil behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the use and management of soils for

crops and pasture; as forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities, highways and

other transportation systems, and parks and other recreational facilities; and as wildlife

habitat. It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations of each soil for specific

land uses and to help prevent construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information can evaluate the effect of specific

land uses on productivity and on the environment in all or part of the survey area. The

survey can help planners to maintain or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of gravel, sand, reclamation

material, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to identify areas where bedrock,

wetness, or very firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and others may also find this survey

useful. The survey can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and locate sites for

pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Interpretive Ratings

The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils in the survey area for various

uses. Many of the tables identify the limitations that affect specified uses and indicate

the severity of those limitations. The ratings in these tables are both verbal and

numerical.

Rating Class Terms

Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms that indicate the extent to which

the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect a specified use or in terms that

indicate the suitability of the soils for the use. Thus, the tables may show limitation

classes or suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are not limited,

somewhat limited, and very limited. The suitability ratings are expressed as well suited,

moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as good, fair, and poor.

Numerical Ratings

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative severity of individual limitations.

The ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They indicate

Use and Management of the Soils
134 Soil Survey of

gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation. The limitations

appear in order from the most limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more than one

limitation is identified, the most severe limitation is listed first and the least severe one

is listed last.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture is suggested in this section.

The estimated yields of the main crops and pasture plants are listed, the system of

land capability classification used by the Natural Resources Conservation Service is

explained, and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual fields or farms should consider the

detailed information given in the description of each soil under the heading “Soil Series

and Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

In 2002, approximately 223,202 acres in Douglas County was used as cropland and

3,001 acres was used as pastureland. The major row crops were corn and soybeans.

Wheat and oats were the major small grain crops grown. Corn for grain was grown on

about 108,357 acres and had an average yield of 131 bushels per acre. Soybeans

were grown on about 104,025 acres and had an average yield of 46 bushels per acre.

Wheat was grown on 487 acres and had an average yield of 71 bushels per acre. Oats

were grown on 914 acres and had an average yield of 65 bushels per acre. Hay was

grown on about 3,424 acres and had an average yield of 2.6 tons per acre. Corn for

silage was grown on 736 acres and had an average yield of 15.9 tons per acre.

Vegetables were grown on about 131 acres. About 97 percent of the planted acreage

was harvested (Illinois Agricultural Statistics Service, 2002).

The soils in Douglas County have good potential for continued crop production,

especially if the latest crop production technologies are applied. This soil survey can

be used as a guide for applying these technologies.

Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland

The management concerns affecting the use of the detailed soil map units in the

survey area for crops are shown in table 6. The main concerns include crusting,

excess lime, flooding, high pH, limited available water capacity, low pH, ponding, poor

tilth, restricted permeability, water erosion, and wetness.

Crusting occurs when the average content of organic matter in the surface layer is

less than or equal to 2.5 percent and the content of clay is greater than 20 percent and

less than or equal to 35 percent. Flowing water or raindrops break down soil structural

units, moving clay downward and leaving a concentration of sand and silt particles on

the surface layer. Crusts can reduce the rate of water infiltration, increase the runoff

rate, inhibit seedling emergence and proper growth, and reduce oxygen diffusion to

seedlings. Generally, if the structure in the surface layer is weak, a crust forms during

periods of intense rainfall. Camden, Senachwine, Sabina, and Xenia soils are

examples of soils that have a low content of organic matter in the surface layer and are

susceptible to crusting.

Practices that minimize surface crusting protect the surface from the impact of

raindrops and flowing water. Incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil and using a system of conservation tillage help to prevent crusting

by improving tilth.

Excess lime is a management concern in areas of Harpster soils. These soils have

a calcium carbonate equivalent of 15 percent or more in the surface layer, or they

meet the requirements for a calcic horizon at or near the surface. This limitation can be
Douglas County, Illinois 135

overcome by incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop residue into the soil;

applying a system of conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping systems.

Also, crops may respond well to additions of phosphate fertilizer.

Flooding applies to any map unit that is subject to common, occasional, frequent, or

very frequent flooding. Flooding occurs on approximately 8,133 acres in the county, or

about 3 percent of the total acreage. It usually occurs in unprotected areas along

major rivers and their tributaries. Dikes or diversions reduce the extent of crop damage

caused by floodwater. In frequently flooded areas, flooding is likely to occur under

normal weather conditions; there is more than a 50 percent chance of flooding in any

given year, and flooding will likely occur more than 50 times in 100 years. Some soils

in Douglas County are subject to occasional flooding. These soils, under normal

weather conditions, are expected to have a 5 to 50 percent chance of flooding in any

year; 5 to 50 flooding events are expected in 100 years. Flooding typically occurs in

winter and spring. Damage to crops, particularly winter small grain crops, occurs in

some years (fig. 10).

Some Sawmill, Shaffton, and Zook soils are subject to frequent flooding for brief

periods. The poorly drained Sawmill soils are frequently flooded for long periods in

some areas. The moderately well drained Medway soils are on flood-plain terraces and

are subject to occasional flooding for brief periods.

Flood-prone soils are better suited to crop varieties that require a relatively short

growing season. Planting crops that are adapted to a shorter growing season and

wetter conditions reduces the risk of crop damage caused by floodwater. Reducing

runoff from higher ground within the watershed can reduce the frequency and severity

of flooding. Changing land use from cropland to pasture or forestland can also

minimize economic damage.

High pH is a limitation if the pH in the upper 40 inches of the soil is greater than or

equal to 7.4. This limitation can create plant toxicity or reduce the availability of plant

nutrients. Many soils in Douglas County have pH above 7.4 within a depth of 40

inches. Harpster, Hartsburg, Senachwine, and Octagon soils have high pH.

Limited available water capacity occurs when the available water capacity in the

upper 60 inches of the soil is less than 6 inches. This limitation defines the potential

droughtiness of a soil. Mona soils are examples of soils that are subject to this

limitation.

Low pH is a limitation if the pH within a depth of 40 inches is less than 4.5. This

limitation can create toxicity or reduce the availability of nutrients, thus reducing the

Figure 10.—Flooding can cause crop

damage in areas of Sawmill soils.
136 Soil Survey of

health and vigor of plants. Most soils in Douglas County have pH of more than 4.5

within a depth of 40 inches.

Ponding is a hazard in areas where the seasonal high water table is above the

surface. Ponding is standing water that is only removed by deep percolation or

evaporation (fig. 11). Duration of ponding is described as very brief, brief, long, or very

long. Ponding reduces aeration and increases nutrient losses. Soils in the survey area

that are affected by ponding are Brooklyn, Drummer, Harpster, Hartsburg, Milford,

Peotone, Sawmill, Sexton, and Zook soils.

Drainage systems have been installed in most areas of poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained soils in the county. As a result, these soils are adequately

drained for the crops commonly grown in the area. Poorly drained soils, such as

Drummer and Hartsburg soils, commonly have subsurface drainage. In addition, some

areas of poorly drained soils require surface tile inlets or shallow surface ditches to

remove ponded water. Milford soils commonly have both tile drainage and surface

ditches, especially in the central part of Douglas County. Some areas of somewhat

poorly drained soils are occasionally wet long enough that artificial drainage is

required if productivity is to be maintained. Most areas of somewhat poorly drained

soils, such as Flanagan, Rutland, and Raub soils, have subsurface drainage.

Land grading helps to control ponding. Surface ditches and surface inlet tile also

help to remove excess water if suitable outlets are available. Management of drainage

in conformance with wetland regulations may require special permits and extra

planning.

Poor tilth is a limitation if (1) the content of clay in the surface layer is at least 27

percent but less than 35 percent and the content of organic matter is less than 4

percent, or (2) the content of clay is greater than or equal to 35 percent. Poor tilth can

occur in soils when part of the subsoil is incorporated into the plow layer, typically as a

result of the thinning of the surface layer by erosion. The incorporation of subsoil

material into the plow layer decreases the amount of organic matter and increases the

Figure 11.—A drainage tile inlet, or riser, helps to drain this ponded area of Milford silty clay

loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes.
Douglas County, Illinois 137

clay content in the surface soil. Poor tilth also occurs in poorly drained soils that have a

high clay content, regardless of organic matter content, and in soils that have been

excessively tilled. Soils with poor tilth generally have a surface layer that is sticky when

wet and hard and cloddy when dry. Because they can be tilled only within a narrow

range of moisture content, seedbed preparation is difficult. Poor tilth inhibits seedling

germination and emergence, increases runoff and erosion, and reduces the rate of

water infiltration. Clods make it difficult to prepare a good seedbed. Sloping fields

commonly have clayey spots where the subsoil is exposed. Preparing a good seedbed

and tilling are difficult in these areas because the original friable surface layer has

been lost through erosion.

Soils with good tilth are granular and porous and have a high content of organic

matter in the surface layer. Dana, Flanagan, and Catlin soils commonly have good tilth.

Soils that have poor tilth generally have more clay, a lower content of organic matter,

and weaker soil structure in the surface layer. Milford, Peotone, and Zook soils have

poor tilth. If these soils are plowed when too wet, they become cloddy.

Practices that improve tilth protect the surface from the impact of raindrops and

flowing water. Incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop residue into the soil

and using a system of conservation tillage improve tilth. Regularly returning crop

residue to the soil, adding other organic material to the soil, minimizing tillage, and

timing conservation tillage operations to near optimal soil moisture conditions can

improve tilth. Surface cloddiness can be controlled by avoiding tillage when the soil is

too wet or by using no-till methods.

Restricted permeability occurs when the soil has a layer within a depth of 40 inches

in which permeability is very slow or slow. Permeability less than 0.2 inch per hour or

less than 1.4 micrometers per second is the criterion used for this interpretation.

Permeability is the quality of the soil that enables water or air to move through it.

Permeability affects interpretations for irrigation and drainage systems and

conservation management structures and plantings. Soils with slowly permeable or

very slowly permeable layers, such as Brooklyn and Sexton soils, have a higher

potential for surface runoff and drain more slowly than more permeable soils.

A root-restrictive layer is a limitation if dense material, a natric horizon, bedrock, or

a fragipan is within 40 inches of the surface. A root-restrictive layer can increase the

susceptibility of the soil to erosion and can limit the effectiveness of drainage systems.

Root-restrictive layers affect plant growth by limiting nutrients and available water.

Examples of soils with root-restrictive layers are Mona and Octagon soils.

A combination of conservation measures, including special tillage practices,

incorporation of organic material, and crop selection, can help to overcome this

limitation.

Water erosion is a hazard in areas of cropland if the erosion factor (Kw) multiplied

by the percent slope is greater than 0.8 and the slope is greater than or equal to 3

percent. Water erosion can occur if the surface soil is not protected against the impact

of raindrops. Erosion leads to a reduction in soil aggregate stability, which reduces the

rate of water infiltration and increases the rate of surface runoff (Brady, 1984). Soils

with long or steep slopes are more susceptible than other soils to water erosion. Sheet

and rill erosion is a hazard in areas where slopes are more than 2 percent or in areas

where slopes are longer or are subject to concentrated flow. Excessive runoff leads to

a decrease in surface water quality through sedimentation and contamination by

agricultural chemicals attached to soil particles in the sediment. Sediment enters

streams, rivers, water impoundments, and road ditches. Water erosion is a hazard on

about 8 percent of the total land area in the county. Dana, Senachwine, and Octagon

soils are examples of soils that are subject to water erosion.

Erosion can be controlled by a conservation tillage system that leaves crop residue

on the surface after planting or by a cropping system that rotates grasses and

legumes in the cropping sequence. On soils with long, uniform slopes, contour farming
138 Soil Survey of

and/or terraces in combination with a conservation tillage system can help to control

erosion. Sedimentation problems should be addressed for maintenance of proper

drainage. Removal of sediments is expensive. Management measures that help to

control water erosion also help to minimize sedimentation and can improve the quality

of water available for rural, municipal, and recreational uses and for fish and wildlife.

Wetness is a limitation when the seasonal high water table is within a depth of 1.5

feet. Wetness is a management concern on about 82 percent of the acreage used for

crops and pasture in Douglas County. Some soils are naturally so wet that the

production of crops is not possible unless a drainage system is installed. The poorly

drained Drummer, Hartsburg, Milford, and Sawmill soils are examples of soils that are

subject to wetness. Seasonal wetness in areas of somewhat poorly drained soils, such

as Flanagan, Shaffton, Raub, Sabina, Starks, Sunbury, and Rutland soils, can delay

planting in wet years.

Most naturally wet soils are already drained by tile, but many drainage systems are

old and should be replaced if maximum efficiency is to be achieved. Subsurface drains

can lower the seasonal high water table if suitable outlets are available. In soils that

have a high content of clay and restricted permeability, subsurface drainage may not

be practical. In these soils, surface ditches can reduce the wetness. Milford soils

commonly have both tile drainage and surface ditches, especially in the central part of

Douglas County. Management of drainage in conformance with regulations influencing

wetlands may require special permits and extra planning.

Wind erosion occurs on soils that are in wind erodibility groups 1 and 2. These soils

typically have a surface layer of sand or loamy sand and are more susceptible to soil

blowing than other soils. Wind erosion can also occur on fine textured soils. Generally,

most soils that have the surface exposed as a result of cultivation are subject to wind

erosion. Surface texture, moisture content, the content of organic matter, the content

of calcium carbonate, the content of rock fragments, aggregate stability, and cultivation

practices can affect the susceptibility to wind erosion. Large areas without field

windbreaks and cleared areas on flood plains are vulnerable. Most of the soils in

Douglas County are not susceptible to wind erosion. Clayey soils, however, such as

Milford and Peotone soils, are moderately susceptible to soil blowing.

Conservation tillage, crop residue management, moisture management,

conservation structures, and windbreaks can be used to limit the damage caused by

wind erosion.

Limitations and Hazards Affecting Pastureland

Planting legumes, cool-season grasses, and warm-season grasses suited to the

soils and climate of the area helps to maintain a productive stand of pasture.

Suitable pasture and hay plants include several legumes, cool-season grasses, and

native warm-season grasses. Alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, and ladino clover are

legumes commonly grown in the county. Alfalfa is best suited to well drained soils,

such as Camden and Martinsville soils, and moderately well drained soils, such as

Dana and Xenia soils. Alfalfa is suited to some of the somewhat poorly drained soils,

such as Flanagan, Raub, and Sunbury soils. Other legumes, such as alsike clover, red

clover, and ladino clover, are more tolerant of wetter conditions. These legumes are

better suited to poorly drained soils, such as Drummer, Sawmill, and Hartsburg soils,

and somewhat poorly drained soils, such as Fincastle and Sabina soils.

Cool-season grasses commonly grown in the county include smooth bromegrass,

orchardgrass, timothy, and tall fescue. These grasses can be seeded alone or in

mixtures with legumes. Native warm-season grasses, such as indiangrass, big

bluestem, and switchgrass, grow very well in the summer. They require different

management techniques from those used for cool-season grasses.
Douglas County, Illinois 139

Proper grazing is essential for the production of high-quality forage, stand survival,

and erosion control. It helps plants maintain sufficient and vigorous top growth during

the growing season. Brush control is essential in many areas, and weed control is

generally needed. Rotation grazing, deferred grazing during wet periods, and proper

applications of lime and fertilizer also are important management practices.

Management concerns affecting the use of the detailed soil map units in the survey

area for pasture are shown in table 6. The main concerns in managing pastureland in

Douglas County are equipment limitations, flooding, frost heave, high pH, limited

available water capacity, low fertility, low pH, ponding, poor tilth, root-restrictive layers,

water erosion, and wetness.

Equipment limitations occur if the slope is more than 18 percent. They can cause

rapid wear of equipment and can present problems with fertilization, harvest, pasture

renovation, and seedbed preparation. The use of equipment is limited in moderately

steep and steep areas of Senachwine soils.

Flooding applies to any map unit that is subject to occasional or frequent flooding.

Flooding occurs in unprotected areas along major rivers and their tributaries. Surface

drainage ditches help to remove floodwater if suitable outlets are available. Flooding

may damage pasture plants in some years. Medway, Shaffton, Sawmill, and Zook soils

are subject to flooding.

Selecting forage and hay varieties adapted to a shorter growing season and wetter

conditions reduces the extent of flood damage. Dikes and diversions can help to

minimize the extent of damage resulting from frequent or occasional flooding.

Restricted use during wet periods helps to keep the pasture in good condition.

Management of drainage in conformance with wetland regulations may require special

permits and extra planning.

Frost heave is a concern when the potential for frost action is moderate or high and

the drainage class is poorly drained or very poorly drained. Frost heave occurs in soils

when ice lenses or bands develop into or push an ice wedge between layers of soil

near the surface. The ice wedges heave the overlying soil layer upward, snapping plant

roots. Soils with textures low in sand have small pores that hold water and enable ice

lenses to form. Drummer, Hartsburg, Milford, Peotone, and Sawmill soils are

susceptible to frost heave.

Selecting adapted forage and hay varieties can reduce the effects of frost heave.

Timely rotation of grazing maintains a protective cover on the surface and insulates

the soil, thereby reducing the effects of frost heave. Maintaining stubble 4 to 6 inches

high and using mixtures of grasses and legumes can also help to prevent frost heave.

High pH is a limitation if the pH of the soil above a depth of 40 inches is greater

than or equal to 7.4. This limitation can create toxicity or reduce the availability of plant

nutrients, either of which will affect the health and vigor of the plants. Many soils in

Douglas County have pH of more than 7.4 within a depth of 40 inches. Harpster,

Hartsburg, Senachwine, and Octagon soils are subject to this limitation.

Limited available water capacity occurs when the available water capacity in the

upper 60 inches is less than 6.0. This limitation defines the potential droughtiness of a

soil. Mona soils are subject to this limitation.

Low fertility occurs when the average content of organic matter in the surface layer

is less than 1 percent or the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is less than or equal to 7

milliequivalents per 100 grams. Low organic matter content and low cation-exchange

capacity result in a limited capacity of the soil to retain nutrients for plant use. Severely

eroded Mona soils are examples of soils that have low fertility.

Frequent applications of small amounts of fertilizer help to prevent excessive loss of

plant nutrients through leaching. Legumes, when used as part of a seeding mixture,

can provide nitrogen to grass varieties. Timely deferment of grazing helps to maintain

a protective cover on the surface and maintains the content of organic matter, which is

a source of nutrients in the soil.
140 Soil Survey of

Low pH is a limitation if the pH within a depth of 40 inches is less than or equal to

5.5. This limitation can create toxicity or reduce the availability of nutrients, thus

reducing the health and vigor of plants. Many soils in Douglas County have pH less

than or equal to 5.5 within a depth of 40 inches. Starks, Sexton, and Birkbeck soils are

examples.

Selecting adapted forage and hay varieties and applying lime according to the

results of soil tests can help to overcome low pH. Some species, such as red clover or

alsike clover, are more tolerant of acidic conditions and can improve the quantity and

quality of livestock forage.

Ponding is a limitation if the upper limit of the seasonal high water table is above the

soil surface. Ponding affects aeration and increases nutrient losses. Some soils

affected by ponding in the survey area are Drummer, Harpster, Hartsburg, Milford,

Peotone, and Sawmill soils.

Land grading helps to control ponding. Surface ditches and surface inlet tile also

help to remove excess water if suitable outlets are available. Management of drainage

in conformity with wetland regulations may require special permits and extra planning.

Selecting forage and hay varieties adapted to wet conditions can improve forage

production. Restricted use during wet periods helps to keep the pasture in good

condition.

Poor tilth is a limitation if (1) the content of clay in the surface layer is at least 27

percent but less than 35 percent and the content of organic matter is less than 4

percent, or (2) the content of clay is greater than or equal to 35 percent. Poor tilth can

occur in soils when part of the subsoil is incorporated into the plow layer, typically as a

result of the thinning of the surface layer by erosion. The incorporation of subsoil

material into the plow layer reduces the content of organic matter and increases the

clay content in the surface soil. Poor tilth also occurs in poorly drained soils that have a

high content of clay, regardless of organic matter content, and in soils that have been

excessively tilled. Soils with poor tilth generally have a surface layer that is sticky when

wet and hard and cloddy when dry. Because they can be tilled only within a narrow

range of moisture content, seedbed preparation is difficult. Poor tilth inhibits seedling

germination and emergence, increases runoff and erosion, and reduces the rate of

water infiltration. Clods make it difficult to prepare a good seedbed. Sloping fields

commonly have clayey spots where the subsoil is exposed. Preparing a good seedbed

and tilling are difficult in these areas because the original friable surface layer has

been lost through erosion.

Soils with good tilth are granular and porous and have a high content of organic

matter in the surface layer. Dana, Flanagan, and Catlin soils commonly have good tilth.

Soils that have poor tilth generally have more clay, a lower content of organic matter,

and weaker soil structure in the surface layer. Milford, Peotone, and Zook soils have

poor tilth. If these soils are plowed when too wet, they become cloddy.

Practices that improve tilth protect the surface from the impact of raindrops and

flowing water. Incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop residue into the soil

and using a system of conservation tillage can improve tilth. Regularly returning crop

residue to the soil, adding other organic material to the soil, minimizing tillage, and

timing conservation tillage operations to near optimal soil moisture conditions also

improve tilth. Surface cloddiness can be controlled by avoiding tillage when the soil is

too wet or by using no-till methods.

A root-restrictive layer is a limitation if dense material, a natric horizon, bedrock, or

a fragipan is within 40 inches of the surface. A root-restrictive layer can increase the

susceptibility of the soil to erosion and can limit the effectiveness of drainage systems.

Root-restrictive layers affect plant growth by limiting nutrients and available water.

Examples of soils with root-restrictive layers are Mona and Octagon soils.
Douglas County, Illinois 141

A combination of conservation measures, including special tillage practices,

incorporation of organic material, and crop selection, can help to overcome this

limitation.

Water erosion is a hazard in areas of pastureland if the erosion factor (Kw)

multiplied by the percent slope is greater than 1.0 and the slope is greater than or

equal to 3 percent. Water erosion can occur in overgrazed areas or during pasture

establishment and renovation if the surface soil is not protected against the impact of

raindrops. Erosion causes poor tilth, which reduces the rate of water infiltration and

increases the rate of surface runoff. Water erosion reduces the productivity of the soil.

It results in sediments, livestock manure, and added nutrients entering streams, rivers,

water impoundments, and road ditches.

Soils with long or steep slopes are more susceptible than other soils to water

erosion. Rotation grazing helps to control erosion by preventing overgrazing, which

can cause surface compaction and excessive runoff. Other methods of reducing the

hazard of erosion include tilling on the contour, using a no-till system of seeding during

pasture establishment or renovation, and selecting adapted forage and hay varieties.

Dana, Octagon, Senachwine, and Xenia soils are examples of soils that are subject to

water erosion.

Wetness is a limitation if the seasonal high water table is within a depth of 1.5 feet.

Wetness is a management concern on about 82 percent of the acreage used for crops

and pasture in Douglas County. Some soils are naturally so wet that the production of

crops is not possible unless a drainage system is installed. The poorly drained

Drummer, Hartsburg, Milford, and Sawmill soils are examples of soils that are subject

to wetness. Seasonal wetness in areas of somewhat poorly drained soils, such as

Flanagan, Shaffton, Raub, Sabina, Starks, Sunbury, and Rutland soils, can delay

planting in wet years.

Erosion Control

Generally, a combination of several practices is needed to control erosion.

Conservation tillage, including chisel tillage and no-till, are common in Douglas County.

Contour stripcropping, contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop residue

management, terraces, diversions, buffer strips, riparian areas, bendway weirs

(fig. 12), and grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

The loss of the surface layer through erosion causes damage in two ways. First,

productivity is reduced as the surface layer is lost and part of the subsoil is

incorporated into the plow layer. The subsoil generally has fewer plant nutrients, a

lower content of organic matter, and a higher content of clay than the surface layer. As

the content of organic matter in the tilled layer decreases and the clay content

increases, soil tilth is reduced. The deterioration of soil tilth increases the likelihood

that a crust will form on the surface and that the rate of water infiltration will be

reduced. The higher content of clay increases the likelihood that the surface layer will

become cloddy when tilled, especially if tilled when wet. The cloddiness makes it

difficult to prepare a seedbed. Puddling is common in eroded areas after hard rains,

and a crust may form on the surface of the soil as it dries. The runoff rate increases as

a result. Loss of the surface layer is especially damaging on soils that have a clayey

subsoil, such as Sabina soils; on soils that tend to be droughty; and on soils that are

moderately eroded, such as Senachwine soils. Second, erosion on farmland results in

the sedimentation and pollution of streams. Controlling erosion minimizes this pollution

and improves the quality of water for municipal and recreational uses and for fish and

other wildlife.

Erosion-control measures provide a protective plant cover, increase the rate of

water infiltration, and reduce the runoff rate. A cropping system that keeps plants on

the surface for extended periods reduces the hazard of erosion and preserves the

productive capacity of the soils. Including forage crops, such as grasses and legumes,
142 Soil Survey of

in the cropping sequence helps to control erosion in the more sloping areas. It also

provides nitrogen and improves tilth for the subsequent crop.

Terraces reduce the hazard of erosion by shortening the slopes and by controlling

runoff. If a tile outlet terrace is used, the water that collects behind the terrace is

removed by tile at a slow, controlled rate.

Grassed waterways reduce the hazard of erosion by providing a stable channel for

water runoff on sloping land (fig. 13).

Conservation buffer strips and riparian areas can help to maintain stream channels

and control runoff. A stream channel without trees is susceptible to slumping, but a

protected riparian area can help to maintain the stream channel (fig. 14).

Contour farming involves conducting tillage or other fieldwork along the contour of a

slope rather than perpendicular to it. This practice helps to control erosion because it

Figure 12.—Bendway weirs stabilize the stream flow and help to maintain streambanks along the

Embarras River near Hindsboro.

Figure 13.—Grassed waterways reduce the

runoff rate in sloping areas.
Douglas County, Illinois 143

results in the formation of small ridges perpendicular to the slope of the land. The

ridges greatly reduce the velocity of the water moving downhill.

Stripcropping, although not used widely in the survey area, is an effective erosioncontrol measure if used in combination with other methods. It involves alternating rows

or strips of one crop with rows of another crop that has a different rate of maturity and

a different canopy cover. The rows are planted on the contour. The resulting vegetation

reduces the hazard of erosion by protecting the surface from the impact of raindrops.

Erosion-control management through tillage and cropping systems is effective alone

or in combination on most of the farmland in the county. The combination used and its

effectiveness depend on soil characteristics and topography. Information about the

design of erosion-control practices for each kind of soil is provided in the Field Office

Technical Guide, which is available in local offices of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

Conservation Tillage

Most of the cropland in Douglas County can be protected from erosion by using a

system of conservation tillage. Conservation tillage includes any non-inversion tillage

practice that keeps a protective cover of residue on the surface throughout the year.

The crop residue increases the rate of water infiltration by improving tilth. It also

protects the surface from the beating action of raindrops, prevents surface crusting,

and provides a more friable seedbed for good germination (fig. 15).

Chisel tillage is a common system of conservation tillage used in Douglas County. It

leaves crop residue covering 20 to 60 percent of the surface. The extent of the

coverage depends on the type of chisel plow used, the speed with which the

Figure 14.—Growing and maintaining a permanent cover of grass, forbs, shrubs, or trees can

minimize streambank erosion. Pictured is an area of Sawmill and Shaffton soils along Lake

Fork Creek near Atwood.
144 Soil Survey of

equipment moves through the field, and the kind of crop planted. Chisel tillage often

follows stalk chopping in the fall, but it can also be used immediately prior to planting

in the spring.

The acreage being farmed by no-till methods is increasing in the county. In no-till

systems, a grain crop is planted directly in a cover crop, sod, or the crop residue of the

previous year. A special planter that disturbs only the row area is used. Herbicides are

used to control competing vegetation. The nearly complete ground cover protects the

soil from the impact of raindrops and helps to control erosion caused by runoff.

Drainage Systems

Drainage systems consist of subsurface tile drains, surface inlets, open drainage

ditches, or a combination of these. They have been installed in most areas of poorly

drained and somewhat poorly drained soils in the county (fig. 16). As a result, these

soils are adequately drained for the crops commonly grown in the area. Some areas of

poorly drained soils require surface tile inlets or shallow surface ditches to remove

ponded water. Some areas of somewhat poorly drained soils are wet long enough that

artificial drainage is required if productivity is to be maintained. Management of

drainage in conformity with wetland regulations may require special permits and extra

planning.

The design of surface and subsurface drainage systems varies with the kind of soil

and the availability of drainage outlets. Some areas of poorly drained soils in

depressions require a combination of surface drains and tile drains. The tile should be

more closely spaced in more slowly permeable soils than in more rapidly permeable

soils. Manipulating drainage can allow the producer to conserve moisture, manage

weeds and insects, and limit the leaching of nutrients and chemicals.

Further information about drainage systems is provided in the Field Office Technical

Guide, which is available in local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

Yields per Acre

Table 7 shows the optimum yields per acre that can be expected for the principal

crops (corn, soybeans, winter wheat, and grass-legume hay) under a high level of

management and the yields for grass-legume pasture under an average level of

management. In any given year, yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other climatic factors. The land capability

classification of map units in the survey area also is shown in the table.

Figure 15.—Corn residue in this area of Dana

soil improves tilth and the capacity of the

soil to hold nutrients.
Douglas County, Illinois 145

The yields are based mainly on the experience and records of farmers,

conservationists, and extension agents (Olsen and others, 2000a and 2000b).

Available yield data from nearby counties and results of field trials and demonstrations

also are considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated yields of the various crops

depends on the kind of soil and the crop. Management can include drainage, erosion

control, and protection from flooding; the proper planting and seeding rates; suitable

high-yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of weeds, plant

diseases, and harmful insects; favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each crop; effective use of crop

residue, barnyard manure, and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures the

smallest possible loss.

Pasture yields are expressed in terms of animal unit months. An animal unit month

(AUM) is the amount of forage required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000

pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of each soil for each of the

principal crops. Yields are likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared with that of other soils, however,

is not likely to change.

Crops other than those shown in the yields tables are grown in the survey area, but

estimated yields are not listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about the management and productivity of the soils

for those crops.

Figure 16.—Ten-inch main tile outlets in a surface ditch in an

area of Drummer soils.
146 Soil Survey of

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general way, the suitability of soils for most

kinds of field crops. Crops that require special management are excluded. The soils

are grouped according to their limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they are

used for crops, and the way they respond to management. The criteria used in

grouping the soils do not include major and generally expensive landforming that

would change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show suitability and limitations of groups of

soils for forestland or for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped at three levels—capability

class, subclass, and unit (USDA, 1961). Only class and subclass are used in this

survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are designated by the numbers 1 through

8. The numbers indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower choices for

practical use. The classes are defined as follows:

Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict their use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict the choice of plants or that

require moderate conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants or that require

special conservation practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants or that

require very careful management, or both.

Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but have other limitations, impractical

to remove, that restrict their use mainly to pasture, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make them generally unsuitable for

cultivation and that restrict their use mainly to pasture, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make them unsuitable for cultivation

and that restrict their use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have limitations that preclude commercial

plant production and that restrict their use to recreational purposes, wildlife habitat,

watershed, or esthetic purposes.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one class. They are designated by

adding a small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The letter e

shows that the main hazard is the risk of erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil interferes with plant growth or

cultivation (in some soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial drainage); s

shows that the soil is limited mainly because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c,

used in only some parts of the United States, shows that the chief limitation is climate

that is very cold or very dry.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the soils of this class have few

limitations. Class 5 contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because the

soils in class 5 are subject to little or no erosion.

Capability units are soil groups within a subclass. The soils in a capability unit are

enough alike to be suited to the same crops and pasture plants, to require similar

management, and to have similar productivity. Capability units are generally

designated by adding an Arabic numeral to the subclass symbol, for example, 2e-4

and 3e-6.

The capability classification of the soils in this survey area is given in the section

“Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units” and in the yields table.
Douglas County, Illinois 147

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important farmland defined by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the Nation’s short- and

long-range needs for food and fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible levels of

government, as well as individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise use of our

Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is land that has

the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed,

forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is available for these uses. It could be cultivated

land, pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not urban or built-up land or water

areas. The soil qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are those needed for

the soil to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when proper

management, including water management, and acceptable farming methods are

applied. In general, prime farmland has an adequate and dependable supply of

moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season,

acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or saturated with

water for long periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during the growing season

or is protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed

information about the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service.

About 251,947 acres in the survey area, or nearly 94 percent of the total acreage,

meets the soil requirements for prime farmland. This land generally is used for

cultivated crops, mainly corn and soybeans.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the survey area has been the loss of

some prime farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime farmland to other

uses puts pressure on marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty,

and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are considered prime farmland are listed in

table 8. This list does not constitute a recommendation for a particular land use. On

some soils included in the list, measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such as

flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. Onsite evaluation is needed to

determine whether or not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by corrective

measures. The extent of each listed map unit is shown in table 5. The location is

shown on the detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use and management

are described under the heading “Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Hydric Soils

Table 9 lists the map unit components in the survey area that are considered hydric

soils. This list can help in planning land uses; however, onsite investigation is

recommended to determine the hydric soils on a specific site (National Research

Council, 1995; Hurt and others, 2002).

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are hydrophytic vegetation, hydric

soils, and wetland hydrology (Cowardin and others, 1979; U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, 1987; National Research Council, 1995; Tiner, 1985). Criteria for all of the

characteristics must be met for areas to be identified as wetlands. Undrained hydric

soils that have natural vegetation should support a dominant population of ecological

wetland plant species. Hydric soils that have been converted to other uses should be

capable of being restored to wetlands.
148 Soil Survey of

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils

(NTCHS) as soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long

enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register, 1994). These soils, under natural conditions, are either saturated or

inundated long enough during the growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil properties that are associated with

wetness. In order to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or nonhydric soil,

however, more specific information, such as information about the depth and duration

of the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify those estimated soil properties

unique to hydric soils have been established (Federal Register, 2002). These criteria

are used to identify map unit components that normally are associated with wetlands.

The criteria used are selected estimated soil properties that are described in “Soil

Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff,

2003) and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period of time to be considered hydric,

they should exhibit certain properties that can be easily observed in the field. These

visible properties are indicators of hydric soils. The indicators used to make onsite

determinations of hydric soils are specified in “Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the

United States” (Hurt and others, 2002).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and describing the soil to a depth of about

20 inches. This depth may be greater if determination of an appropriate indicator so

requires. It is always recommended that soils be excavated and described to the depth

necessary for an understanding of the redoximorphic processes. Then, using the

completed soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil features required by

each indicator and specify which indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a hydric soil if at least one of the

approved indicators is present.

Map units that are dominantly made up of hydric soils may have small areas, or

inclusions, of nonhydric soils in the higher positions on the landform, and map units

dominantly made up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of hydric soils in the lower

positions on the landform.

The criteria for hydric soils are represented by codes in the table (for example,

2B3). Definitions for the codes are as follows:

1. All Histels except for Folistels, and Histosols except for Folists.

2. Soils in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels

great group, Histoturbels great group, Pachic subgroups, or Cumulic subgroups

that:

A. are somewhat poorly drained and have a water table at the surface (0.0 feet)

during the growing season, or

B. are poorly drained or very poorly drained and have either:

1) a water table at the surface (0.0 feet) during the growing season if textures

are coarse sand, sand, or fine sand in all layers within a depth of 20

inches, or

2) a water table at a depth of 0.5 foot or less during the growing season if

permeability is equal to or greater than 6.0 in/hr in all layers within a depth

of 20 inches, or

3) a water table at a depth of 1.0 foot or less during the growing season if

permeability is less than 6.0 in/hr in any layer within a depth of 20 inches.

3. Soils that are frequently ponded for long or very long duration during the growing

season.

4. Soils that are frequently flooded for long or very long duration during the growing

season.
Douglas County, Illinois 149

Forestland

When the first settlers arrived in the survey area, forests covered about 15.5

percent of the land (Iverson and others, 1989). Since then, most of the trees have

been cleared from areas that are most suitable for cultivation.

By 2002, only 2,901 acres, or about 1 percent of the acreage in Douglas County,

remained as forestland (USDA, NASS, 2002). Most of the forestland is privately

owned. The most common trees in the uplands are white oak, black oak, northern red

oak, shagbark hickory, white ash, green ash, sugar maple, silver maple, boxelder,

black walnut, black cherry, and American elm. The most common trees on flood plains

are cottonwood, sycamore, willow, bur oak, pin oak, swamp white oak, hackberry, and

silver maple.

The remaining forestland acres are predominantly in areas too steep, too wet, or

too isolated for cultivation. Most of these areas are along the drainageways of the

Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers. If they are properly managed, the soils in these

areas are well suited to producing high-quality trees.

The productivity of many of the remaining forestland stands could be improved with

proper management. Management practices needed in these areas include excluding

livestock from the stands; providing protection from fire, insects, and diseases; using

proper logging methods; and using proven silvicultural methods to enhance growth

and regeneration.

In table 10, the potential productivity of merchantable or common trees on a soil is

expressed as a site index and as a volume number. The site index is the average

height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of a given species attain in a

specified number of years. The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those that forest managers generally

favor in intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are selected on the basis of

growth rate, quality, value, and marketability. More detailed information regarding site

index is available in the “National Forestry Manual” (USDA/NRCS, National Forestry

Manual), which is available in local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or on the Internet.

The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield likely to be produced by the most

important tree species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per acre per year and

calculated at the age of culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates

the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged stand.

Suggested trees to plant are those preferred for planting, seeding, or natural

regeneration and those that remain in the stand after thinning or partial harvest.

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, yards, fruit trees, gardens, and cropland

from wind and snow; help to keep snow on fields; and provide food and cover for

wildlife. Wind erosion is a moderate hazard on about 12.5 percent of the soils in the

county. These soils have a surface layer of very fine sandy loam or sandy loam, have a

high content of finely divided calcium carbonate, or have a high content of clay in the

surface layer. Hartsburg soils generally have a high content of calcium carbonate in

the surface layer. Milford and Peotone soils have a high content of clay in the surface

layer.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right angles to the prevailing wind

and at specific intervals across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility of the

soil.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen houses and other buildings and

to abate noise. The plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely spaced. To
150 Soil Survey of

ensure plant survival, a healthy planting stock of suitable species should be planted

properly on a well prepared site and maintained in good condition.

Table 11 shows the height that locally grown trees and shrubs are expected to

reach in 20 years on soils in the survey area. The estimates in the table are based on

measurements and observation of established plantings that have been given

adequate care. They can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and screens.

Additional information on planning windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service or from a commercial

nursery.

Recreation

The demand for recreational facilities is increasing in Douglas County. The largest

recreation area is Walnut Point State Park north of Oakland. Small areas throughout

the county offer playgrounds, athletic fields, golf courses, fishing ponds, camping and

picnic areas, and hunting areas.

The potential for further recreational development is favorable throughout the

county. Soils that have the best potential for such development are in the uplands

along the Kaskaskia and Embarras Rivers. These soils are in areas where the hilly

terrain, wooded slopes, and numerous streams provide a variety of locations suited to

recreational uses.

The soils of the survey area are rated in tables 12a and 12b according to limitations

that affect their suitability for recreation. The ratings are both verbal and numerical.

Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil

features that affect the recreational uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has

features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low

maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features

that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or

minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate

maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more

features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be

overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity of individual limitations. The

ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate

gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).

The ratings in the tables are based on restrictive soil features, such as wetness,

slope, and texture of the surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not

considered in the ratings, but important in evaluating a site, are the location and

accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic quality,

vegetation, access to water, potential water impoundment sites, and access to public

sewer lines. The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent and the ability of the

soil to support vegetation also are important. Soils that are subject to flooding are

limited for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of flooding and the season

when flooding occurs. In planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of the

height, duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential.

The information in the tables can be supplemented by other information in this

survey, for example, interpretations for building site development, construction

materials, sanitary facilities, and water management.
Douglas County, Illinois 151

Camp areas require site preparation, such as shaping and leveling the tent and

parking areas, stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and installing sanitary

facilities and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the ease of

developing camp areas and the performance of the areas after development. Slope,

stoniness, and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan are the main concerns affecting

the development of camp areas. The soil properties that affect the performance of the

areas after development are those that influence trafficability and promote the growth

of vegetation, especially in heavily used areas. For good trafficability, the surface of

camp areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not

be dusty when dry. The soil properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, permeability, and large stones.

The soil properties that affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a cemented

pan, permeability, and toxic substances in the soil.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most vehicular traffic is confined to

access roads and parking areas. The ratings are based on the soil properties that

affect the ease of developing picnic areas and that influence trafficability and the

growth of vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness are the main concerns

affecting the development of picnic areas. For good trafficability, the surface of picnic

areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be

dusty when dry. The soil properties that influence trafficability are texture of the surface

layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, permeability, and large stones. The soil

properties that affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan,

permeability, and toxic substances in the soil.

Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are free of stones, and can

withstand intensive foot traffic. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect

the ease of developing playgrounds and that influence trafficability and the growth of

vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness are the main concerns affecting the

development of playgrounds. For good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds

should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty

when dry. The soil properties that influence trafficability are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, permeability, and large stones. The soil

properties that affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan,

permeability, and toxic substances in the soil.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding should require little or no slope

modification through cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect trafficability and erodibility. These properties are stoniness, depth to a water

table, ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the surface layer.

Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site preparation. They are not covered

with surfacing material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of the soil material is

likely. The ratings are based on the soil properties that influence erodibility, trafficability,

dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These properties are stoniness, slope, depth

to a water table, ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface layer.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and some light vehicular traffic. Cutting

or filling may be required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The ratings are

based on the soil properties that affect plant growth and trafficability after vegetation is

established. The properties that affect plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table;

ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water capacity in the

upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and sulfidic

materials. The properties that affect trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table,

ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the
152 Soil Survey of

surface layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees, roughs, and greens is not

considered in the ratings.

Wildlife Habitat

Much of Douglas County was once part of a broad, tall-grass prairie that contained

wet meadows, marshes, and areas of open water. This broad area is near the

southern limit of the midwestern prairie pothole region that provided valuable nesting

and stop-over habitat for migratory waterfowl and habitat for other wetland and

openland wildlife. Although some areas were woodlands, especially those along

creeks and on moderately steep to very steep landforms, the native plant communities

were dominated by tall prairie grasses.

As the county was settled, the conversion of land for agriculture and urbanization

altered these natural communities and the wildlife species associated with them. The

landscape in the survey area is now a mosaic of urban development, cropland,

pasture, isolated areas of forestland, wetlands, and waterways that support wildlife

species that are able to adapt to the human-altered landscape. These species include

whitetail deer, fox, coyotes, mourning doves, pheasants, squirrels, cardinals, and

raccoons.

The largest areas managed for wildlife in the county are in the Walnut Point State

Park and other nature preserves. Walnut Point covers about 631 acres and includes a

59-acre lake and a 65-acre nature preserve (fig. 17). It is managed by the Illinois

Department of Natural Resources.

Wildlife habitat is commonly a secondary use in most areas. Large areas of nearly

level and gently sloping soils used for cultivated crops and pasture are generally well

suited to use as habitat for openland wildlife. Most areas in the county can be

improved for wildlife habitat by providing needed food, cover, and water.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that is available to wildlife as food and

cover. They also affect the construction of water impoundments. The kind and

abundance of wildlife depend largely on the amount and distribution of food, cover, and

water. Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting appropriate vegetation,

by maintaining the existing plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment of

desirable plants.

In table 13, the soils in the survey area are rated according to their potential for

providing habitat for various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used in planning

parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, and other developments for wildlife; in

selecting soils that are suitable for establishing, improving, or maintaining specific

elements of wildlife habitat; and in determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or very poor. A rating of good

indicates that the element or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, and satisfactory results can be

expected. A rating of fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places. Moderately intensive

management is required for satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or kind of habitat. Habitat can be

created, improved, or maintained in most places, but management is difficult and must

be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates that restrictions for the element or kind of

habitat are very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be expected. Creating,

improving, or maintaining habitat is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seed-producing herbaceous plants.

Soil properties and features that affect the growth of grain and seed crops are depth of

the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope,
Douglas County, Illinois 153

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil moisture also are

considerations. Examples of grain and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial grasses and herbaceous legumes.

Soil properties and features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes are depth

of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface

stoniness, flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture also are

considerations. Examples of grasses and legumes are lovegrass, orchardgrass,

bromegrass, clover, and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally established grasses and forbs,

including weeds. Soil properties and features that affect the growth of these plants are

depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil moisture also are

considerations. Examples of wild herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod,

ragweed, wildrye, and Illinois bundleflower.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins,

twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the growth of hardwood

trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, hickory, sycamore, cottonwood, elm, sassafras,

serviceberry, gray dogwood, flowering dogwood, hazelnut, sumac, and raspberry.

Examples of native plants that are suitable for planting on soils rated good are

hazelnut, gray dogwood, silky dogwood, oak, and hickory.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil properties and features that affect

the growth of coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth of the root zone,

available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are white pine,

Norway spruce, balsam fir, red cedar, and juniper.

Figure 17.—A forested area of Xenia and Sabina soils at Walnut Point State Park provides habitat

for woodland wildlife.
154 Soil Survey of

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild herbaceous plants that grow on moist

or wet sites. Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil properties and

features affecting wetland plants are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland plants are smartweed, wild

millet, wildrice, saltgrass, cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less than 5 feet. Some are naturally

wet areas. Others are created by dams, levees, or other water-control structures. Soil

properties and features affecting shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples of shallow water areas are

marshes, waterfowl feeding areas, and ponds.

Shallow water areas can often be included in the design of ponds and lakes by

utilizing the naturally shallow end of the impoundment. Wetland areas can also be

created by installing water-control valves on field drainage tiles, which allows the

flooding of fields between times of crop production, such as after fall harvest. Valves

can be opened to drain fields for spring planting while allowing soil moisture to remain

high enough for good productivity. Islands, wood duck boxes, and an even mix of open

water and aquatic plants help to provide optimum wildlife habitat in permanent wetland

areas.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland, pasture, meadows, and areas that

are overgrown with grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas produce grain and

seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to

these areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark, field sparrow, cottontail,

and red fox.

Measures that can improve the habitat for openland wildlife include seeding

roadsides, fence rows, and wildlife travel lanes to perennial plants and legumes, such

as smooth bromegrass, timothy, redtop, bluegrass, alfalfa, red clover, ladino clover,

and alsike clover; enhancing grassy areas with perennial native prairie grasses, such

as big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and indiangrass; and protecting nesting

cover from fire, traffic, grazing, mowing, or other disturbance until after the nesting

season.

Warm-season grasses grow best under periodic prescribed burning. Any existing

woody cover should be protected from fire and grazing. Establishing hedgerows and

windbreaks with trees and shrubs that provide a source of food and roosting areas

also enhances the habitat. Piles of brush can provide cover along fence rows and in

oddly shaped areas that are inconvenient for cultivation. Leaving crop residue on the

surface after harvest and leaving waste grain in the fields can provide wildlife with

cover and food throughout the winter. Also, leaving some unharvested areas next to

areas used as cover for wildlife can improve the habitat.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of deciduous and/or coniferous plants

and associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to

these areas include woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon,

and deer.

Measures that can improve the habitat for woodland wildlife include protecting

native trees, shrubs, and prairie plants from grazing by livestock and from uncontrolled

fire; minimizing the destruction of leaf mulch and of desirable young trees, shrubs, and

sprouts that provide food and cover; and establishing hedgerows, farm windbreaks,

brush piles, food plots, and strips of grass or grass-legume mixtures for additional food

and cover. Plantings for food and cover may be difficult to establish and maintain in

sloping areas. Establishing food plots of grain or seed crops in the less sloping areas

and planting on the contour can reduce the hazard of erosion. Leaving dead trees to

provide den sites for raccoons, woodpeckers, opossum, and other cavity-dwelling

species also improves the habitat.
Douglas County, Illinois 155

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy or swampy shallow water

areas. Some of the wildlife attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons, shore

birds, muskrat, mink, frogs, snakes, and turtles.

Measures that can improve the habitat for wetland wildlife include delaying or

limiting the cultivation and planting of commodity crops in the shallow depressions that

are subject to ponding; protecting areas of smartweeds, bulrushes, burreeds, and

barnyard grasses; and planting Japanese millet, milo, and short corn varieties to

provide food and cover. Blocking natural channels and manmade drainage systems

can create shallow ponds and marshes. Ducks can be encouraged to nest by digging

pits in areas of poorly drained or very poorly drained soils. The pits should be at least

30 feet in diameter and 2 to 3 feet deep. They provide open water through the spring

and early summer. These areas should be protected from grazing by livestock.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land uses related to urban

development and to water management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the most

limiting features are identified. Ratings are given for building site development, sanitary

facilities, construction materials, and water management. The ratings are based on

observed performance of the soils and on the data in the tables described under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use

alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The

information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally

apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to 7 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite

investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the

design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose

specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this section.

Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site selection,

and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed performance were considered in

determining the ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey,

determinations were made about particle-size distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index,

soil reaction, depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7 feet of the surface,

soil wetness, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil

structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected about kinds of clay

minerals, mineralogy of the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed cations.

Estimates were made for erodibility, permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral characteristics affecting engineering

uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the potential of areas for residential,

commercial, industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary estimates of

construction conditions; evaluate alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate alternative sites for sanitary landfills,

septic tank absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite investigations

of soils and geology; locate potential sources of gravel, sand, reclamation material,

roadfill, and topsoil; plan structures for water management; and predict performance of

proposed small structures and pavements by comparing the performance of existing

similar structures on the same or similar soils.
156 Soil Survey of

The information in the tables, along with the soil maps, the soil descriptions, and

other data provided in this survey, can be used to make additional interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a special meaning in soil science

and are defined in the Glossary.

Building Site Development

Soil properties influence the development of building sites, including the selection of

the site, the design of the structure, construction, performance after construction, and

maintenance. Tables 14a and 14b show the degree and kind of soil limitations that

affect dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads

and streets, shallow excavations, and lawns and landscaping.

The ratings in the tables are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate

the extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect building

site development. Not limited indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable

for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected.

Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for

the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning,

design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected.

Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for

the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance

and high maintenance can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity of individual limitations. The

ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate

gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).

Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories or less. For dwellings without

basements, the foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced

concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost

penetration, whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements, the foundation is

assumed to consist of spread footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil

at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are based on the soil properties

that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and on the

properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that affect the

load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, subsidence,

linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility. Compressibility is

inferred from the Unified classification. The properties that affect the ease and amount

of excavation include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth to bedrock

or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size

of rock fragments.

Small commercial buildings are structures that are less than three stories high and

do not have basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of

reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of

maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect the capacity of the soil to support a load without movement and

on the properties that affect excavation and construction costs. The properties that

affect the load-supporting capacity include depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and compressibility (which is

inferred from the Unified classification). The properties that affect the ease and amount

of excavation include flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock

or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, and the amount and size

of rock fragments.
Douglas County, Illinois 157

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface and carry automobile and light

truck traffic all year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base of gravel,

crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by lime or cement; and a surface of flexible

material (asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a binder. The ratings are

based on the soil properties that affect the ease of excavation and grading and the

traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect the ease of excavation and

grading are depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented

pan, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope.

The properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity are soil strength (as inferred

from the AASHTO group index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell

potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a water table, and ponding.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet

for graves, utility lines, open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are based on the

soil properties that influence the ease of digging and the resistance to sloughing.

Depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented pan, the

amount of large stones, and dense layers influence the ease of digging, filling, and

compacting. Depth to the seasonal high water table, flooding, and ponding may restrict

the period when excavations can be made. Slope influences the ease of using

machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell

potential) influence the resistance to sloughing.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs

can be established and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The

ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant growth and trafficability after

vegetation is established. The properties that affect plant growth are reaction; depth to

a water table; ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate;

and sulfidic materials. The properties that affect trafficability are flooding, depth to a

water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter

in the surface layer.

Sanitary Facilities

Tables 15a and 15b show the degree and kind of soil limitations that affect septic

tank absorption fields, sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for landfill.

The ratings are both verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to

which the soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect these uses. Not limited

indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good

performance and very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates

that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The

limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation.

Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates

that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The

limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special

design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity of individual limitations. The

ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate

gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which effluent from a septic tank is

distributed into the soil through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that part of the

soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is evaluated. The ratings are based on the

soil properties that affect absorption of the effluent, construction and maintenance of

the system, and public health. Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, depth to
158 Soil Survey of

bedrock or a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Stones and

boulders, ice, and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with installation. Subsidence

interferes with installation and maintenance. Excessive slope may cause lateral

seepage and surfacing of the effluent in downslope areas.

Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel or fractured bedrock at a depth

of less than 4 feet below the distribution lines. In these soils the absorption field may

not adequately filter the effluent, particularly when the system is new. As a result, the

ground water may become contaminated.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to hold sewage while aerobic

bacteria decompose the solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level

floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted soil. Nearly impervious

soil material for the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize seepage and

contamination of ground water. Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability, depth

to a water table, ponding, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, flooding, large stones,

and content of organic matter.

Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the suitability for sewage lagoons.

Most porous soils eventually become sealed when they are used as sites for sewage

lagoons. Until sealing occurs, however, the hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that

have a permeability rate of more than 2 inches per hour are too porous for the proper

functioning of sewage lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the effluent can result in

contamination of the ground water. Ground-water contamination is also a hazard if

fractured bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the water table is high enough to

raise the level of sewage in the lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the lagoon.

A high content of organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can cause

construction problems, and large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If

the lagoon is to be uniformly deep throughout, the slope must be gentle enough and

the soil material must be thick enough over bedrock or a cemented pan to make land

smoothing practical.

A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid waste is placed in successive layers

in an excavated trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil excavated at the site. When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material

at least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The ratings in the table are based on the

soil properties that affect the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation, trafficability, and

revegetation. These properties include permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented

pan, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding, texture, stones and boulders,

highly organic layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless otherwise

stated, the ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For

deeper trenches, onsite investigation may be needed.

Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or highly permeable strata in or

directly below the proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of excavation and the

hazard of ground-water pollution. Slope affects construction of the trenches and the

movement of surface water around the landfill. It also affects the construction and

performance of roads in areas of the landfill.

Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with which the trench is dug and the

ease with which the soil can be used as daily or final cover. They determine the

workability of the soil when dry and when wet. Soils that are plastic and sticky when

wet are difficult to excavate, grade, or compact and are difficult to place as a uniformly

thick cover over a layer of refuse.

The soil material used as the final cover for a trench landfill should be suitable for

plants. It should not have excess sodium or salts and should not be too acid. The

surface layer generally has the best workability, the highest content of organic matter,

and the best potential for plants. Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled

for use as the final cover.
Douglas County, Illinois 159

In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in successive layers on the surface

of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

from a source away from the site. A final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is

placed over the completed landfill. The ratings in the table are based on the soil

properties that affect trafficability and the risk of pollution. These properties include

flooding, permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, and depth to bedrock or

a cemented pan.

Flooding is a serious problem because it can result in pollution in areas

downstream from the landfill. If permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a

fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to the surface, the leachate can

contaminate the water supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra grading

required to maintain roads in the steeper areas of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow

along the surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause difficult seepage

problems.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is used to cover compacted solid

waste in an area sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported to

the landfill, and spread over the waste. The ratings in the table also apply to the final

cover for a landfill. They are based on the soil properties that affect workability, the

ease of digging, and the ease of moving and spreading the material over the refuse

daily during wet and dry periods. These properties include soil texture, depth to a

water table, ponding, rock fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan,

reaction, and content of salts, sodium, or lime.

Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones and excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils are

subject to wind erosion.

Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving the cover material. Also, it can

influence runoff, erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area.

After soil material has been removed, the soil material remaining in the borrow area

must be thick enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit

revegetation. The soil material used as the final cover for a landfill should be suitable

for plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or lime and should not be too acid.

Construction Materials

Tables 16a and 16b give information about the soils as potential sources of

reclamation material, roadfill, topsoil, gravel, and sand. Normal compaction, minor

processing, and other standard construction practices are assumed.

In table 16a, the soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential sources of roadfill,

reclamation material, and topsoil. The features that limit the soils as sources of these

materials are specified in the table. The numerical ratings given after the specified

features indicate the degree to which the features limit the soils as sources of roadfill,

reclamation material, or topsoil. The lower the number, the greater the limitation.

Reclamation material is used in areas that have been drastically disturbed by

surface mining or similar activities. When these areas are reclaimed, layers of soil

material or unconsolidated geological material, or both, are replaced in a vertical

sequence. The reconstructed soil favors plant growth. The ratings in the table do not

apply to quarries and other mined areas that require an offsite source of

reconstruction material. The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect erosion

and stability of the surface and the productive potential of the reconstructed soil. These

properties include the content of sodium, salts, and calcium carbonate; reaction;

available water capacity; erodibility; texture; content of rock fragments; and content of

organic matter and other features that affect fertility.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one place and used in road

embankments in another place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill
160 Soil Survey of

for low embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and less exacting in design than

higher embankments.

The ratings are for the whole soil, from the surface to a depth of about 5 feet. It is

assumed that soil layers will be mixed when the soil material is excavated and spread.

The ratings are based on the amount of suitable material and on soil properties that

affect the ease of excavation and the performance of the material after it is in place.

The thickness of the suitable material is a major consideration. The ease of excavation

is affected by large stones, depth to a water table, and slope. How well the soil

performs in place after it has been compacted and drained is determined by its

strength (as inferred from the AASHTO classification of the soil) and linear extensibility

(shrink-swell potential).

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation can be established and

maintained. The upper 40 inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow area. The ratings are based on the

soil properties that affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading, and spreading

the material; and reclamation of the borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and

the properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as available water capacity and

fertility, affect plant growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading is affected

by rock fragments, slope, depth to a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope, depth to a water table,

rock fragments, depth to bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material.

The surface layer of most soils is generally preferred for topsoil because of its

organic matter content. Organic matter greatly increases the absorption and retention

of moisture and nutrients for plant growth.

Gravel and sand are natural aggregates suitable for commercial use with a

minimum of processing. They are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In table 16b, only the likelihood of finding material in suitable

quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific purposes is not

evaluated, nor are factors that affect excavation of the material. The properties used to

evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the Unified classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable material,

and the content of rock fragments. If the bottom layer of the soil contains sand or

gravel, the soil is considered a likely source regardless of thickness. The assumption is

that the sand or gravel layer below the depth of observation exceeds the minimum

thickness.

The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential sources of sand and gravel. A

rating of good or fair means that the source material is likely to be in or below the soil.

The bottom layer and the thickest layer of the soils are assigned numerical ratings.

These ratings indicate the likelihood that the layer is a source of sand or gravel. The

number 0.00 indicates that the layer is a poor source. The number 1.00 indicates that

the layer is a good source. A number between 0.00 and 1.00 indicates the degree to

which the layer is a likely source.

Water Management

Tables 17a, 17b, and 17c give information on the soil properties and site features

that affect water management. The degree and kind of soil limitations are given for

pond reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; aquifer-fed excavated ponds;

grassed waterways and surface drains; terraces and diversions; tile drains and

underground outlets; and sprinkler irrigation. The ratings are both verbal and

numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all of

the soil features that affect these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has features

that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low

maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has features
Douglas County, Illinois 161

that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or

minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate

maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one or more

features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be

overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity of individual limitations. The

ratings are shown as decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They indicate

gradations between the point at which a soil feature has the greatest negative impact

on the use (1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a limitation (0.00).

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or embankment. Soils best suited to

this use have low seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage potential is

determined by the permeability of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity of the reservoir

area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised structures of soil material, generally

less than 20 feet high, constructed to impound water or to protect land against

overflow. Embankments that have zoned construction (core and shell) are not

considered. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of material for embankment

fill. The ratings apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5

feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural soil to support an embankment.

Soil properties to a depth even greater than the height of the embankment can affect

performance and safety of the embankment. Generally, deeper onsite investigation is

needed to determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to seepage, piping, and erosion

and have favorable compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features include less than

5 feet of suitable material and a high content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or

salts or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that extend to a ground-water

aquifer or to a depth below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are fed

only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that impound water 3 feet or more

above the original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a permanent

water table, permeability of the aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones affect the ease of

excavation.

Grassed waterways and surface drains are natural or constructed channels,

generally broad and shallow, that conduct surface water to outlets at a nonerosive

velocity. Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock affect the construction of

grassed waterways and surface drains. A hazard of wind erosion, low available water

capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic substances such as salts and sodium, and

restricted permeability adversely affect the growth and maintenance of the grass after

construction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a combination of channels and ridges

constructed across a slope to control erosion and conserve moisture by intercepting

runoff. Slope, wetness, large stones, and depth to bedrock affect the construction of

terraces and diversions. A restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind erosion or

water erosion, an excessively coarse texture, and restricted permeability adversely

affect maintenance.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and subsurface water from the soil. How

easily and effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to bedrock or other

layers affecting the rate of water movement; permeability; depth to a high water table,
162

or depth of standing water if the soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the potential for frost action. Excavating,

grading, and the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to bedrock, large stones,

slope, and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil after drainage is

adversely affected by extreme acidity or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as

salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage outlets is not considered in the

ratings.

Sprinkler irrigation is the controlled application of water to supplement rainfall and

support plant growth. The design and management of an irrigation system are affected

by depth to the water table, the need for drainage, flooding, available water capacity,

intake rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The construction of a system is

affected by large stones and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan. The performance of

a system is affected by the depth of the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and

soil reaction.
163

Data relating to soil properties are collected during the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination of the soils and by laboratory

index testing of some benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are followed.

During the survey, many shallow borings are made and examined to identify and

classify the soils and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are taken from

some typical profiles and tested in the laboratory to determine particle-size

distribution, plasticity, and compaction characteristics. These results are reported in

table 23.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field examinations, on laboratory tests of

samples from the survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of similar soils in

nearby areas. Tests verify field observations, verify properties that cannot be estimated

accurately by field observation, and help to characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in tables. They include engineering index

properties, physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 18 gives the engineering classifications and the range of index properties for

the layers of each soil in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

These terms are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the fraction

of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter (fig. 18). “Loam,” for example, is

soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand. If

the content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate

modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.” Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification

system (ASTM, 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004).

The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as

construction material. Soils are classified according to particle-size distribution of the

fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP, GM,

GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and OH; and

highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can

have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect

roadway construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil

that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1

through A-7 on the basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.

Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the

other extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are classified in

group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified

as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional

Soil Properties
164 Soil Survey of

refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group

index number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to 20

or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches in diameter

are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The percentages

are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to

weight percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the

soil fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves,

numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00,

0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests of

soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity

characteristics of a soil. The estimates are based on test data from the survey area or

from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index are

generally rounded to the nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 percentage points) across

classification boundaries, the classification in the marginal zone is generally omitted in

the table.

Physical Properties

Table 19 shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect

soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area.

The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Figure 18.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic USDA soil textural classes.
Douglas County, Illinois 165

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.

Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by

sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as

classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand, silt,

and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller.

Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to

2 millimeters in diameter. In the table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is

given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05

millimeter in diameter. In the table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is given

as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002

millimeter in diameter. In the table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is

given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle

size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of

soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and

the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrinkswell potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil

properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving

operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is

measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. Weight is determined after the soil is

dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of each soil

horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk

density of a soil indicates the pore space available for water and roots. Depending on

soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict water storage and root

penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to transmit water or air. The term

“permeability,” as used in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat ).

The estimates in the table indicate the rate of water movement, in inches per hour,

when the soil is saturated. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the field,

particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of

storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per

inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important properties are the content of organic

matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an

important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of the

quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or
166 Soil Survey of

10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as

percent change for the whole soil. Volume change is influenced by the amount and

type of clay minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. The

shrink-swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent;

moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent.

If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to

buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design commonly is

needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of

decomposition. In table 19, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a

percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning crop residue

to the soil. Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water

infiltration, soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients

for crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 19 as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor.

Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by water.

Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the average annual rate of

soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are based

primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being equal, the higher

the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil. The estimates are

modified by the presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material

less than 2 millimeters in size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion

by wind or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a sustained

period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting

their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group 1

are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the least

susceptible. The groups are described in the “National Soil Survey Handbook”

(USDA/NRCS, National Soil Survey Handbook).

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind

erosion, or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion.

There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer,

the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and a

calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind erosion.

Chemical Properties

Table 20 shows estimates of some chemical characteristics and features that affect

soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey area.

The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of extractable bases that can be held

by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality

(pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. Soils having a low cation-exchange

capacity hold fewer cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizer
Douglas County, Illinois 167

than soils having a high cation-exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations reduces

the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the sum of extractable bases plus

aluminum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is determined

for soils that have pH of less than 5.5.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. The pH of each soil horizon is

based on many field tests. For many soils, values have been verified by laboratory

analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating

soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of carbonates, by weight, in the fraction

of the soil less than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients is influenced

by the amount of carbonates in the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and ammonium-N volatilization.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of

decomposition. In table 20, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed as a

percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning crop residue

to the soil. Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water

infiltration, soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients

for crops and soil organisms.

Water Features

Table 21 gives estimates of various water features. The estimates are used in land

use planning that involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are

assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils

are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from

long-duration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly

wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or

gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained

soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have

a moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist

chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils

of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential,

soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the

surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a

very slow rate of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is

for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression. Unless a drainage system is

installed, the water is removed only by percolation, transpiration, or evaporation. Table

21 indicates surface water depth and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration

is expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long if 7 to 30 days,

and very long if more than 30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, occasional,

and frequent. None means that ponding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but
168 Soil Survey of

possible under unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is nearly 0 percent

to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2

years (the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); and frequent that it

occurs, on the average, more than once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more

than 50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area caused by overflowing streams, by

runoff from adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short periods after rainfall

or snowmelt is not considered flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes is

considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency of flooding are estimated. Duration is expressed as

extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours, very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days,

long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days. Frequency is expressed as

none, very rare, rare, occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means that

flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very unlikely but possible under extremely

unusual weather conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1 percent in any year);

rare that it is unlikely but possible under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs infrequently under

normal weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is more than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent in all months

in any year); and very frequent that it is likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel,

sand, silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic matter content

with increasing depth; and little or no horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the extent and levels of flooding and the

relation of each soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on the extent of

flooding based on soil data is less specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency levels.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil. Table 21 indicates the depth to the

top (upper limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone for the specified months in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits are based mainly on observations

of the water table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely

grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that

lasts for less than a month is not considered a water table.

The table also shows the kind of water table, that is, apparent or perched. An

apparent water table is a thick zone of free water in the soil. It is indicated by the level

at which water stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed for

adjustment in the surrounding soil. A perched water table is water standing above an

unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched, water table is separated from a

lower one by a dry zone.

Soil Features

Table 22 gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land

use planning that involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical,

chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water and

air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable root

environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and frozen

layers. The table indicates the hardness of the restrictive layer, which can significantly

affect the ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical distance from the soil surface

to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.
Douglas County, Illinois 169

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil

caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent

collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture

moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density, permeability,

content of organic matter, and depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not

insulated by vegetation or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in winter are the most susceptible

to frost action. Well drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible.

Frost heave and low soil strength during thawing cause damage to pavements and

other rigid structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that corrodes or weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of

uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle-size distribution,

acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete is based

mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be needed if the combination of factors

results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in installations that

intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel

or concrete in installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil

layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as low, moderate, or high, is

based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity, and

electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is

based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.

Engineering Index Test Data

Table 23 shows laboratory test data for one pedon sampled at a carefully selected

site in the survey area. The pedon is representative of the series as it occurs in MLRA

108. The soil samples were tested by the Illinois Department of Transportation.

The testing methods generally are those of the American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American Society for Testing

and Materials (ASTM).

The tests and methods are Moisture density—T 99 (AASHTO), D 698 (ASTM);

Mechanical analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 422 (ASTM), D 2217 (ASTM); Liquid limit—T

89 (AASHTO), D 4318 (ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 4318 (ASTM);

AASHTO classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM); and Unified

classification—D 2487-00 (ASTM).

171

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 24th edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.

Brady, Nyle C. 1984. The nature and properties of soils, 9th edition. Cornell University

and U.S. Agency for International Development.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of

wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.

Golden, Al, and Anne Golden. 1990. Moultrie County, 1840-1863. Volume 1.

Hallbick, D.C., and J.B. Fehrenbacher. 1971. Soil survey of Douglas County, Illinois.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Illinois Agricultural

Experiment Station Soil Report 89.

Hansel, Ardith K., and W. Hilton Johnson. 1996. Wedron and Mason Groups:

Lithostratigraphic reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan

Lobe area. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin

104.

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. Version 5.0, 2002. Field indicators of

hydric soils in the United States.

Illinois Agricultural Statistics Service. 2002. 2002 agstats. Accessed October 21, 2005

(http://www.agstats.state.il.us/).

Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Development. Accessed October 21,

2005. Factsheets (http://www.illinoisbiz.biz/dceo/Bureaus/Facts_Figures/Factsheets/).

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed October 21, 2005. Data

(http://www.epa.state.il.us).

Illinois State Geological Survey. Accessed October 21, 2005. Data

(http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/).

References
172 Soil Survey of

Iverson, L.R., and others. 1989. The forest resources of Illinois: An atlas and analysis

of spatial and temporal attributes. Illinois Natural History Survey, Special Publication

11.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Kehoe, A.B. 1981. North American Indians.

Leighton, M.M., and others, 1948. Physiographic divisions of Illinois. Illinois State

Geological Survey, Report of Investigations No. 129. Reprinted from the Journal of

Geology, volume 56, number 1, pages 16-33.

Lineback, J.A., and others. 1979. Quaternary deposits of Illinois. Illinois State

Geological Survey. Map (1:500,000).

Miller, D.P. 1980. The Illinois Amish.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Olsen, K.R., J.M. Lang, and others. 2000a. Average crop, pasture, and forestry

productivity ratings for Illinois soils. University of Illinois, College of Agriculture,

Consumer and Environmental Sciences. Bulletin 810.

Olsen, K.R., J.M. Lang, and others. 2000b. Optimum crop productivity ratings for

Illinois soils. University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental

Sciences. Bulletin 811.

Smith, R.S., E.E. DeTurk, F.C. Bauer, and L.H. Smith. 1929. Douglas County soils.

University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Report 43.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18 (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/).

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Soil Survey Staff. 2003. Keys to soil taxonomy. 9th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands

Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical

Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service

(NASS). 2002. 2002 census of agriculture. Accessed October 21, 2005

(http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/).
Douglas County, Illinois 173

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National forestry manual (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/).

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. Accessed October 21, 2005

(http://soils.usda.gov/technical/).

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2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the

Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296

(http://soils.usda.gov/).

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Survey Bulletin 94.

175

Many of the terms relating to landforms, geology, and geomorphology are defined in

more detail in the “National Soil Survey Handbook” (available in local offices of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or on the Internet).

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.

Ablation till. Loose, relatively permeable earthy material deposited during the

downwasting of nearly static glacial ice, either contained within or accumulated on

the surface of the glacier.

AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon. Commonly, such soil formed in

recent alluvium or on steep, rocky slopes.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a

well aerated soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil

is considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single mass or cluster. Natural soil

aggregates, such as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are

aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvial fan. A low, outspread mass of loose materials and/or rock material, commonly

with gentle slopes. It is shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone. The

material was deposited by a stream at the place where it issues from a narrow

mountain valley or upland valley or where a tributary stream is near or at its

junction with the main stream. The fan is steepest near its apex, which points

upstream, and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a gradual

decrease in gradient.

Alluvium. Unconsolidated material, such as gravel, sand, silt, clay, and various

mixtures of these, deposited on land by running water.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A compound that when dissolved in ammonium acetate is

used to detect the presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A positive reaction

implies reducing conditions and the likely presence of redoximorphic features.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage required by one mature cow of

approximately 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and

redoximorphic features.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction toward which a slope faces. Also called slope aspect.

Available water capacity (available moisture capacity). The capacity of soils to hold

water available for use by most plants. It is commonly defined as the difference

between the amount of soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount at

wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. The

capacity, in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed as:

Very low ..............................................................0 to 3

Low ...................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate ............................................................. 6 to 9

High ...................................................................9 to 12

Very high ................................................ more than 12

Glossary
176 Soil Survey of

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and generally linear, middle portion of

a hillslope. In profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a convex shoulder

above and a concave footslope below.

Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree, generally referring to the section at

breast height and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of stand density,

commonly expressed in square feet.

Basal till. Compact till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having cation-exchange properties is

saturated with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), expressed as a

percentage of the total cation-exchange capacity.

Base slope (geomorphology). A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the

concave to linear (perpendicular to the contour) slope that, regardless of the

lateral shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by

colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Batavia facies (geology). An informal separation of the Henry Formation. Consists of

stratified silt loam to gravelly sandy loam with thin bands of finer or coarser

material on outwash plains.

Batestown Member (geology). The medium textured, lowermost unit of diamicton in

the Lemont Formation. Diamicton of the Batestown Member generally consists of

calcareous, dark gray to gray silt loam to loam that contains lenses of gravel,

sand, silt, and clay. Locally, the Batestown Member is finer texturally and therefore

similar to the Yorkville Member.

Bedding plane. A planar or nearly planar bedding surface that visibly separates each

successive layer of stratified sediment or rock (of the same or different lithology)

from the preceding or following layer; a plane of deposition. It commonly marks a

change in the circumstances of deposition and may show a parting, a color

difference, a change in particle size, or various combinations of these. The term is

commonly applied to any bedding surface, even one that is conspicuously bent or

deformed by folding.

Bedding system. A drainage system made by plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping

the surface of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges separated by shallow,

parallel dead furrows.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and other unconsolidated material or

that is exposed at the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where the configuration and relief of

the landforms are determined or strongly influenced by the underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of earth constructed on or nearly on

a contour, supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material, and designed to

make the soil suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of which consists of an illuvial

horizon and the overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped depression formed by wind erosion on a

preexisting dune or other sand deposit, especially in an area of shifting sand or

loose soil or where protective vegetation is disturbed or destroyed; the adjoining

accumulation of sand derived from the depression, where recognizable, is

commonly included. Blowouts are commonly small.

Bottom land. An informal term loosely applied to various portions of a flood plain.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60 centimeters) in diameter.

Breaks. A landscape or tract of steep, rough or broken land dissected by ravines and

gullies and marking a sudden change in topography.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above the ground surface; the point on a

tree where diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or biological methods to make

conditions favorable for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition from
Douglas County, Illinois 177

woody vegetation and thus allow understory grasses and forbs to recover. Brush

management increases forage production and thus reduces the hazard of erosion.

It can improve the habitat for some species of wildlife.

Cahokia Formation (geology). Deposits in flood plains and channels in modern

rivers and streams. Mostly poorly sorted sand, silt, or clay containing local

deposits of sandy gravel.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium carbonate (commonly combined

with magnesium carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with cold, dilute

hydrochloric acid.

Calcium carbonate. A common mineral in sediments and soils.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil particles and in tiny spaces between

particles. Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds capillary water in the

soil.

Carmi facies (geology). Largely quiet-water lake sediments dominated by well

bedded silt and some clay. See Equality Formation.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. The common soil cations are

calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of exchangeable cations that can be

held by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at

neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils,

is synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. See Terracettes.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat

fragments of sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as much as 6 inches (15

centimeters) along the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or more soil-penetrating points that

shatter or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. As a soil textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, less

than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt.

Clay depletions. See Redoximorphic features.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface of a soil aggregate or lining

pores or root channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A dense, compact, slowly permeable subsoil layer that contains much more

clay than the overlying materials, from which it is separated by a sharply defined

boundary. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and plastic and sticky when wet.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant community on a particular site. The

plant cover reproduces itself and does not change so long as the environment

remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10

inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or

partially rounded rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in

diameter. Very cobbly soil material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments,

and extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60 percent.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See Linear extensibility.

Colluvium. Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited

on side slopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g., direct

gravitational action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning or establishing terraces,

diversions, and other water-control structures on a complex slope is difficult.
178 Soil Survey of

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas in such

an intricate pattern or so small in area that it is not practical to map them

separately at the selected scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas.

Concretions. See Redoximorphic features.

Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded or

subangular rock fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It commonly has a

matrix of sand and finer textured material. Conglomerate is the consolidated

equivalent of gravel.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in combination with needed cultural

and management practices. In a good conservation cropping system, the soilimproving crops and practices more than offset the effects of the soil-depleting

crops and practices. Cropping systems are needed on all tilled soils. Soilimproving practices in a conservation cropping system include the use of rotations

that contain grasses and legumes and the return of crop residue to the soil. Other

practices include the use of green manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not invert the soil and that leaves a

protective amount of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion and adhesion of soil material and

its resistance to deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes resistance of

soil material to rupture and to penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the soil material behaves when

subject to compression. Terms describing consistence are defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that follow the contour. Strips of grass

or close-growing crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or summer

fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which classification is based. The thickness

varies among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of the soil profile

between depths of 10 inches and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). A type of limnic layer composed

predominantly of fecal material derived from aquatic animals.

Corrosion (geomorphology). A process of erosion whereby rocks and soil are

removed or worn away by natural chemical processes, especially by the solvent

action of running water, but also by other reactions, such as hydrolysis, hydration,

carbonation, and oxidation.

Corrosion (soil survey interpretations). Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to improve and protect the soil

between periods of regular crop production, or a crop grown between trees and

vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue to the soil, which helps to

maintain soil structure, organic matter content, and fertility and helps to control

erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a planned system of rotation and

management practices.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting farming operations on sloping farmland

in such a way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the living branches and their

foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI). The average annual increase

per acre in the volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total volume of the

stand by its age. As the stand increases in age, the mean annual increment
Douglas County, Illinois 179

continues to increase until mortality begins to reduce the rate of increase. The

point where the stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth is called the

culmination of the mean annual increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting grazing land for a prescribed period.

Delavan Member (geology). Calcareous, brown gray to pink or violet gray loam

diamicton. The lower part of the Tiskilwa Formation, deposited between 26,000

and 18,500 radiocarbon years ago. Reclassified to include what was formerly

called the Fairgrange Till Member.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is fan shaped and nearly flat; deposited

at or near the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body of relatively quiet

water, generally a sea or lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that has a bulk density of more than

1.8 grams per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of digging and can

affect filling and compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over bedrock. Very deep soils are more

than 60 inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; moderately deep,

20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diamicton (geology). A general term for a till-like mixture of unsorted, unstratified

rock debris composed of a wide range of particle sizes; use of this term carries no

suggestion about how such debris was formed or deposited.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, generally a terrace, built to protect

downslope areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping in which crops are grown in a

systematic arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the slope to reduce the

hazard of water erosion. One strip is in a close-growing crop that provides

protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a crop that provides less

protection from erosion. This practice is used where slopes are not long enough to

permit a full stripcropping pattern to be used.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under

conditions similar to those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water

regime by human activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly changed the morphology of the soil.

Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—excessively drained,

somewhat excessively drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined

in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water, from an area.

Drainageway. A general term for a course or channel along which water moves in

draining an area. A term restricted to relatively small, linear depressions that at

some time move concentrated water and either do not have a defined channel or

have only a small defined channel.

Drift. A general term applied to all mineral material (clay, silt, sand, gravel, and

boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice or

transported by running water emanating from a glacier. Drift includes unstratified

material (till) that forms moraines and stratified deposits that form outwash plains,

eskers, kames, varves, and glaciofluvial sediments. The term is generally applied

to Pleistocene glacial deposits in areas that no longer contain glaciers.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact till that has a

core of bedrock or drift. It commonly has a blunt nose facing the direction from

which the ice approached and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction. The

longer axis is parallel to the general direction of glacier flow. Drumlins are products

of streamline (laminar) flow of glaciers, which molded the subglacial floor through

a combination of erosion and deposition.
180 Soil Survey of

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of mineral soils. It consists of fallen

plant material that is in the process of decomposition and includes everything from

the litter on the surface to underlying pure humus.

Earthy fill. See Mine spoil.

Ecological site. An area where climate, soil, and relief are sufficiently uniform to

produce a distinct natural plant community. An ecological site is the product of all

the environmental factors responsible for its development. It is typified by an

association of species that differ from those on other ecological sites in kind and/

or proportion of species or in total production.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution or colloidal suspension from one

place to another within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material through

eluviation are eluvial; those that have received material are illuvial.

End moraine. A ridgelike accumulation that is being or was produced at the outer

margin of an actively flowing glacier at any given time.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in which all horizons between the

upper boundary of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian deposit. Sand-, silt-, or clay-sized clastic material transported and deposited

primarily by wind, commonly in the form of a dune or a sheet of sand or loess.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response

to precipitation. It receives no long-continued supply from melting snow or other

source, and its channel is above the water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a perched water table in a soil in which

saturated layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated layers within 2 meters

of the surface.

Equality Formation (geology). Consists of gray to red silt and clay; generally shows

evidence of bedding structures and occurs above the Sangamon geosol.

Predominantly occurs as a fine grained lacustrine sediment. Ranges in age from

26,000 radiocarbon years to present.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, or other geologic

agents and by such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long

geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the building

up of such landscape features as flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid than geologic erosion, mainly as

a result of human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, such as a fire,

that exposes the surface.

Erosion surface. A land surface shaped by the action of erosion, especially by

running water.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff breaking the general

continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from erosion or

faulting. Most commonly applied to cliffs produced by differential erosion.

Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A long, narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge of stratified sand and gravel

deposited as the bed of a stream flowing in an ice tunnel within or below the ice

(subglacial) or between ice walls on top of the ice of a wasting glacier and left

behind as high ground when the ice melted. Eskers range in length from less than

a kilometer to more than 160 kilometers and in height from 3 to 30 meters.

Fairgrange Till Member (geology). Abandoned nomenclature. Pink, reddish brown,

and brownish gray sandy till in east-central Illinois. See Delavan Member.

Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore productivity through accumulation of

moisture. Summer fallow is common in regions of limited rainfall where cereal

grain is grown. The soil is tilled for at least one growing season for weed control

and decomposition of plant residue.
Douglas County, Illinois 181

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide plant nutrients, in adequate

amounts and in proper balance, for the growth of specified plants when light,

moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of all organic soil material. Peat

contains a large amount of well preserved fiber that is readily identifiable

according to botanical origin. Peat has the lowest bulk density and the highest

water content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a soil, expressed as a percentage

of the ovendry weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has drained away; the

field moisture content 2 or 3 days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary capacity.

Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated soil material from a road cut. It

commonly is on the downhill side of the road.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to stop or help control creeping or

running fires. It also serves as a line from which to work and to facilitate the

movement of firefighters and equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. An obsolete, informal term loosely applied to the lowest flood-plain

steps that are subject to regular flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent flagstones. Very

flaggy soil material has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely flaggy soil

material has more than 60 percent flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone, slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to

15 inches (15 to 38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to flooding

unless protected artificially.

Flood-plain landforms. A variety of constructional and erosional features produced

by stream channel migration and flooding. Examples include backswamps, floodplain splays, meanders, meander belts, meander scrolls, oxbow lakes, and natural

levees.

Flood-plain splay. A fan-shaped deposit or other outspread deposit formed where an

overloaded stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial) and deposits its

material (commonly coarse grained) on the flood plain.

Flood-plain step. An essentially flat, terrace-like alluvial surface within a valley that is

frequently covered by floodwater from the present stream; any approximately

horizontal surface still actively modified by fluvial scour and/or deposition. May

occur individually or as a series of steps.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers or streams; produced by stream or river action.

Footslope. The concave surface at the base of a hillslope. A footslope is a transition

zone between upslope sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and backslopes)

and downslope sites of deposition (toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants (underbrush) covering the ground in a

forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition and development because of

given physical and biological factors by which it may be differentiated from other

stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity and content of organic

matter and low or moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. A fragipan

appears cemented and restricts roots. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a

higher bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. When moist, it tends to

rupture suddenly under pressure rather than to deform slowly.
182 Soil Survey of

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers especially to the processes or

soil-forming factors responsible for the formation of the solum, or true soil, from

the unconsolidated parent material.

Geosol. A buried soil that formed on a landscape in the past with distinctive

morphological features resulting from a soil-forming environment that no longer

exists at the site. The former pedogenic process was interrupted by burial. A

geosol is a laterally traceable, mappable, geologic weathering profile that has a

consistent stratigraphic position. See Paleosol.

Gilgai. Commonly, a succession of microbasins and microknolls in nearly level areas

or of microvalleys and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically, the microrelief

of clayey soils that shrink and swell considerably with changes in moisture

content.

Glacial (geology). The term embraces both the processes and results of erosion and

deposition arising from the presence of an ice mass (glacier) on a landscape.

Glacial lake (relict). An area formerly occupied by a glacial lake. See Glaciolacustrine

deposits.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and

deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits are stratified and

occur in the form of outwash plains, valley trains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame

terraces.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from

glaciers and deposited in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many deposits

are bedded or laminated.

Glasford Formation (geology). Encompasses all till members of Illinoian age in

Illinois.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage, resulting in the reduction of iron

and other elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that grade toward a protected

waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed waterway, typically broad and shallow,

seeded to grass as protection against erosion. Conducts surface water away from

cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to

7.6 centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or

angular rock fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as 3 inches (7.6

centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving crop grown to be plowed under in

an early stage of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground moraine. An extensive, fairly even layer of till having an uneven or undulating

surface.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of the material below the water

table.

Gully. A small channel with steep sides caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated

materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle to farm machinery

and is too deep to be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser depth and can

be smoothed over by ordinary tillage.

Haeger Member (geology). The coarse grained, uppermost unit of diamicton in the

Lemont Formation. The Haeger Member consists of calcareous, light gray to gray,

gravelly sandy loam diamicton that contains lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated except by blasting or by the use of

special equipment that is not commonly used in construction.
Douglas County, Illinois 183

Hard to reclaim (in tables). Reclamation is difficult after the removal of soil for

construction and other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are extremely

difficult.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer. The soil material is sandy,

loamy, or clayey and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or other

substance.

Head slope (geomorphology). A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a

laterally concave area of a hillside, especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil material intermediate in degree of

decomposition between the less decomposed fibric material and the more

decomposed sapric material.

Henry Formation (geology). Consists of stratified sand and gravel that occur above

the Sangamon Geosol.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and corn used for grain. If properly

managed, residue from these crops can be used to control erosion until the next

crop in the rotation is established. These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising as much as 1,000

feet above surrounding lowlands, commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline. Slopes are generally more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and may depend on local usage.

Hillslope. A generic term for the steeper part of a hill between its summit and the

drainage line, valley flat, or depression floor at the base of a hill.

Holocene (geology). Postglacial age or time period (interglacial). About 0 to 12,600

years before present. See Quaternary.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, having distinct

characteristics produced by soil-forming processes. In the identification of soil

horizons, an uppercase letter represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An

explanation of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey Manual.” The major

horizons of mineral soil are as follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and decaying plant residue.

L horizon.—A layer of organic and mineral limnic materials, including coprogenous

earth (sedimentary peat), diatomaceous earth, and marl.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the surface in which an accumulation

of humified organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Also, a plowed

surface horizon, most of which was originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay,

iron, aluminum, or some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon is in part a

layer of transition from the overlying A to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon

also has distinctive characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, sesquioxides,

humus, or a combination of these; (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated bedrock, that is little

affected by soil-forming processes and does not have the properties typical of the

overlying soil material. The material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike that

in which the solum formed. If the material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. The bedrock commonly

underlies a C horizon, but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.
184 Soil Survey of

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable part of the organic matter in

mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff potential.

The soil properties that influence this potential are those that affect the minimum

rate of water infiltration on a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting when

the soil is not frozen. These properties are depth to a seasonal high water table,

the infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged wetting, and depth to a very

slowly permeable layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered

but are separate factors in predicting runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock that was formed by cooling and solidification of magma and that

has not been changed appreciably by weathering since its formation. Major

varieties include plutonic and volcanic rock (e.g., andesite, basalt, and granite).

Illinoian (geology). In Illinois, represents the glacial age of ice advance preceding the

Sangamonian and Wisconsinan and following the Yarmouthian and pre-Illinoian

during the Pleistocene. This glaciation practically covered the entire State of Illinois

with the exception of small portions in northwestern, western, and southern

Illinois. See Pleistocene.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one horizon to another in the soil

profile. Generally, material is removed from an upper horizon and deposited in a

lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or roots penetrate slowly or not at all.

No soil is absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil or other

material, as contrasted with percolation, which is movement of water through soil

layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into a soil under

a given set of conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates the surface of the soil at any given

instant, usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be limited by the

infiltration capacity of the soil or the rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the soil under irrigation. Most soils

have a fast initial rate; the rate decreases with application time. Therefore, intake

rate for design purposes is not a constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in inches per hour, is expressed as

follows:

Less than 0.2 ................................................. very low

0.2 to 0.4 ................................................................ low

0.4 to 0.75 ........................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 .................................................. moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ....................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 ............................................................. high

More than 2.5 ............................................... very high

Interfluve. A landform composed of the relatively undissected upland or ridge

between two adjacent valleys containing streams flowing in the same general

direction. An elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Interfluve (geomorphology). A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the

uppermost, comparatively level or gently sloping area of a hill; shoulders of

backwearing hillslopes can narrow the upland or can merge, resulting in a strongly

convex shape.

Interglacial. A period of time between major glacial stages. See Holocene,

Sangamonian, and Yarmouthian.
Douglas County, Illinois 185

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, that does not flow year-round but

that is commonly dry for 3 or more months out of 12 and whose channel is

generally below the local water table. It flows only during wet periods or when it

receives ground-water discharge or long, continued contributions from melting

snow or other surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. See Redoximorphic features.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in production of crops. Methods of

irrigation are:

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at intervals from closely spaced field

ditches and distributed uniformly over the field.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and under low pressure to the surface of

the soil or into the soil through such applicators as emitters, porous tubing, or

perforated pipe.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface through pipes or nozzles from a

pressure system.

Kame. A low mound, knob, hummock, or short irregular ridge composed of stratified

sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream as a fan or delta at the margin

of a melting glacier; by a supraglacial stream in a low place or hole on the surface

of the glacier; or as a ponded deposit on the surface or at the margin of stagnant

ice.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent landforms.

Ksat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity. (See Permeability.)

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water and exposed when the water

level is lowered or the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor of an extinct lake filled by well

sorted, generally fine textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing varves.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built, produced along a lakeshore in

front of a scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the water level falls.

Landscape. A collection of related natural landforms; usually the land surface which

the eye can comprehend in a single view.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) or more across.

Large stones adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or other material by percolating

water.

Lemont Formation (geology). The Lemont Formation of the Wedron Group is the

succession of fine textured to coarse textured gray diamicton units that overlie the

Tiskilwa Formation. It has four differentiated members—the Lemont Member, the

Batestown Member, the Yorkville Member, and the Haeger Member. In northern

Illinois, the Lemont Formation is not subdivided. The Lemont Formation consists of

calcareous, gray, fine textured to coarse textured diamicton units that contain

lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear extensibility is used to

determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at 1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or

10kPa tension) and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the amount and

type of clay minerals in the soil. The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting value is COLE, coefficient

of linear extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil passes from a plastic to a liquid

state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles,

and less than 52 percent sand particles.
186 Soil Survey of

Loess. Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting dominantly of siltsized particles.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to support loads.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for silage, peas, beans, and potatoes.

Residue from these crops is not adequate to control erosion until the next crop in

the rotation is established. These crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Mackinaw facies (geology). The Mackinaw facies is an informal separation of the

Henry Formation. It consists of well sorted sand and gravel outwash deposits in

valleys leading outward from glacier fronts. Preserved today as terraces beneath

Holocene deposits in major stream and river valleys.

Mason Group (geology). The Mason Group comprises three proglacial and one

postglacial sorted sediment formations that represent distinct stratigraphic layers

based on grain size and bedding characteristics. The proglacial units are Roxana

Silt, Peoria Silt, and the Henry Formation. The postglacial unit is the Equality

Formation.

Masses. See Redoximorphic features.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment for seeding, brush

management, and other management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in mineralogical composition, chemical

composition, or structure by heat, pressure, and movement at depth in the earth’s

crust. Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mine spoil. An accumulation of displaced earthy material, rock, or other waste

material removed during mining or excavation. Also called earthy fill.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and low in organic material. Its bulk

density is more than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop production and prevention of soil

damage.

Miscellaneous area. A kind of map unit that has little or no natural soil and supports

little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy

loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface horizon (or horizons) that has high

base saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the upper part of the

subsoil.

Moraine. In terms of glacial geology, a mound, ridge, or other topographically distinct

accumulation of unsorted, unstratified drift, predominantly till, deposited primarily

by the direct action of glacial ice in a variety of landforms. Also, a general term for

a landform composed mainly of till (except for kame moraines, which are

composed mainly of stratified outwash) that has been deposited by a glacier.

Some types of moraines are disintegration, end, ground, kame, lateral,

recessional, and terminal.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, including the texture, structure,

porosity, consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and biological properties

of the various horizons, and the thickness and arrangement of those horizons in

the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that vary in number and size.

Descriptive terms are as follows: abundance—few, common, and many; size—fine,

medium, and coarse; and contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the greatest dimension. Fine indicates

less than 5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters (about

0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).
Douglas County, Illinois 187

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic soil material. (See Sapric soil

material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees of three simple variables—hue,

value, and chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with hue of

10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that contains enough exchangeable

sodium to have an adverse effect on the physical condition of the subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. (See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. See Redoximorphic features.

Nose slope (geomorphology). A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the

projecting end (laterally convex area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent. Nose slopes consist dominantly of colluvium and slopewash sediments (for example, slope alluvium).

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant essential to its growth. Plant nutrients

are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron,

manganese, copper, boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen obtained from the air and water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in various stages of

decomposition. The content of organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low .................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low .................................................. 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low ............................... 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ......................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ................................................. 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ................................. more than 8.0 percent

Outwash. Stratified and sorted sediments (chiefly sand and gravel) removed or

“washed out” from a glacier by meltwater streams and deposited in front of or

beyond the end moraine or the margin of a glacier. The coarser material is

deposited nearer to the ice.

Outwash plain. An extensive lowland area of coarse textured glaciofluvial material. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted, it generally is low in relief.

Paleosol. A general term used to describe a soil that formed on a landscape of the

past; it may be a buried soil, a relict soil, or an exhumed soil. See Geosol.

Paleoterrace. An erosional remnant of a terrace that retains the surface form and

alluvial deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not

grade to, a present-day stream or drainage network.

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the movement of water and the

growth of roots. For example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and mineral material in which soil forms.

Parkland facies (geology). An informal separation of the Henry Formation as dunes

in outwash areas; an informal separation of Peoria Silt if interfingered with silt in

bluff areas. Consists of well sorted eolian sand deposits in the form of dunes or

sheetlike deposits.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed organic matter, that has

accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A layer of sediment, eroded from the shoulder and backslope of an

erosional slope, that lies on and is being (or was) transported across a gently

sloping erosional surface at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.” A pedon is three dimensional

and large enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from about 10 to
188 Soil Survey of

100 square feet (1 square meter to 10 square meters), depending on the variability

of the soil.

Peoria Silt (geology). Light yellowish tan to gray, calcareous silt that grades from a

sandy silt in the bluffs to a clayey silt away from the bluffs. Also known as Peoria

loess. Covers most of Illinois and ranges in thickness from 80 feet in bluff areas

along the Mississippi River to 1 or 2 feet away from bluff areas. Deposition

occurred 25,000 to 12,500 radiocarbon years ago.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Permafrost. Ground, soil, or rock that remains at or below 0 degrees C for at least 2

years. It is defined on the basis of temperature and is not necessarily frozen.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water or air to move downward

through the profile. The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is accepted

as a measure of this quality. In soil physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” In line with

conventional usage in the engineering profession and with traditional usage in

published soil surveys, this rate of flow continues to be expressed as

“permeability.” Terms describing permeability, measured in inches per hour, are as

follows:

Impermeable .............................less than 0.0015 inch

Very slow ..................................... 0.0015 to 0.06 inch

Slow ................................................... 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................... 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate .................................. 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid .............................. 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ................................................. 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................... more than 20 inches

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on features that affect its use and

management, such as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

Piatt Member (geology). The upper diamicton facies of the Tiskilwa Formation

deposited between 19,000 and 18,500 radiocarbon years ago. The Piatt Member

consists of gray loam diamicton containing lenses of sorted sediment. Textures

vary, especially near the surface, where it is often interbedded with stratified

sediment.

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities by water

moving through the soil.

Pitting (in tables). Pits caused by melting around ice. They form on the soil after plant

cover is removed.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit;

the range of moisture content within which the soil remains plastic.

Pleistocene (geology). The period in a geologic time series that encompasses all

glacial and interglacial stages. Includes the Wisconsinan, Sangamonian, Illinoian,

Yarmouthian, and pre-Illinoian. The period covered is about 12,600 to 2 million

years before present.

Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture of clay with

quartz and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, usually in platy,

polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone

hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated wetting and drying, especially if it

is exposed also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be cut with a

spade. It is a form of laterite.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil directly below the plowed layer.
Douglas County, Illinois 189

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed depressions. Unless the soils are

artificially drained, the water can be removed only by percolation or

evapotranspiration.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil material consisting mainly of

particles of nearly the same size. Because there is little difference in size of the

particles, density can be increased only slightly by compaction.

Pore linings. See Redoximorphic features.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth). Depth to which roots could

penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has no

properties restricting the penetration of roots to this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for specific management purposes,

under the appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture and at the proper

time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for producing a specified plant or sequence

of plants under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending through all its horizons and into

the parent material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that maintains enough cover to protect

the soil and maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the desirable

vegetation. This practice increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key

plants and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch necessary to conserve

soil and water.

Quaternary (geology). The latest period of time in the stratigraphic column, about 0 to

2 million years before present, represented by local accumulations of glacial

(Pleistocene) and postglacial (Holocene) deposits. An artificial division of time

used to separate pre-human from post-human sedimentation.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed as pH values. A

soil that tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is

neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid ................................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ............................................. 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ........................................ 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid ................................................ 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid ........................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................. 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ......................................................... 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline ........................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline ..................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline .......................................... 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline .......................... 9.1 and higher

Red beds. Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and are made up largely of

sandstone and shale.

Redoximorphic concentrations. See Redoximorphic features.

Redoximorphic depletions. See Redoximorphic features.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic features are associated with wetness and

result from alternating periods of reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese

compounds in the soil. Reduction occurs during saturation with water, and

oxidation occurs when the soil is not saturated. Characteristic color patterns are

created by these processes. The reduced iron and manganese ions may be

removed from a soil if vertical or lateral fluxes of water occur, in which case there

is no iron or manganese precipitation in that soil. Wherever the iron and
190 Soil Survey of

manganese are oxidized and precipitated, they form either soft masses or hard

concretions or nodules. Movement of iron and manganese as a result of

redoximorphic processes in a soil may result in redoximorphic features that are

defined as follows:

1. Redoximorphic concentrations.—These are zones of apparent accumulation of

iron-manganese oxides, including:

A. Nodules and concretions, which are cemented bodies that can be removed

from the soil intact. Concretions are distinguished from nodules on the

basis of internal organization. A concretion typically has concentric layers

that are visible to the naked eye. Nodules do not have visible organized

internal structure; and

B. Masses, which are noncemented concentrations of substances within the

soil matrix; and

C. Pore linings, i.e., zones of accumulation along pores that may be either

coatings on pore surfaces or impregnations from the matrix adjacent to the

pores.

2. Redoximorphic depletions.—These are zones of low chroma (chromas less

than those in the matrix) where either iron-manganese oxides alone or both

iron-manganese oxides and clay have been stripped out, including:

A. Iron depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron and

manganese oxides but have a clay content similar to that of the adjacent

matrix; and

B. Clay depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron, manganese,

and clay (often referred to as silt coatings or skeletans).

3. Reduced matrix.—This is a soil matrix that has low chroma in situ but

undergoes a change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after the soil material

has been exposed to air.

Reduced matrix. See Redoximorphic features.

Regolith. All unconsolidated earth materials above the solid bedrock. It includes

material weathered in place from all kinds of bedrock and alluvial, glacial, eolian,

lacustrine, and pyroclastic deposits.

Relief. The relative difference in elevation between the upland summits and the

lowlands or valleys of a given region.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, weathered or partly weathered

mineral material that accumulated as bedrock disintegrated in place.

Rill. A very small, steep-sided channel resulting from erosion and cut in

unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. A rill

generally is not an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is shallow enough to be

smoothed over by ordinary tillage.

Riser. The vertical or steep side slope (e.g., escarpment) of terraces, flood-plain

steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of

natural, steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical means during road construction.

It is commonly on the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a diameter of 2 millimeters or

more; for example, pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated by plant roots.

Roxana Silt (geology). Brownish red and gray silt loam. Typically leached of

carbonates. It overlies the Sangamon Geosol and is typically bounded above by

Peoria Silts. It can be distinguished from Peoria Silts by being darker brown and

more clayey. Deposition occurred 75,000 to 27,000 radiocarbon years ago.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream channels from an area. The water

that flows off the surface of the land without sinking into the soil is called surface
Douglas County, Illinois 191

runoff. Water that enters the soil before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an amount that impairs growth of plants.

A saline soil does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments from 0.05 millimeter to

2.0 millimeters in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a soil textural

class, a soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly sand-sized particles.

Sangamonian (geology). In Illinois, represents an interglacial age between the

Illinoian and Wisconsinan glacial stages during the Pleistocene. See Pleistocene;

Geosol.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly decomposed of all organic soil material.

Muck has the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk density, and the lowest

water content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). See Permeability.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive pressure of the soil water.

Under conditions of saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix into an

unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching, loosening, crushing, or modifying the

surface to increase water absorption or to provide a more tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal flood plain (or first bottom) of a

river.

Sedimentary rock. A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates,

or organic remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under normal

low temperature and pressure conditions. Sedimentary rocks include consolidated

equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, and marine

deposits. Examples are sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale,

conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, and coal.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizon.

(See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for

differences in texture of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons

that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock that formed by the hardening of a deposit of clay, silty clay, or

silty clay loam and that has a tendency to split into thin layers.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil material from the land

surface by the action of rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The convex, erosional surface near the top of a hillslope. A shoulder is a

transition from summit to backslope.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when wet.

Shrinking and swelling can damage roads, dams, building foundations, and other

structures. It can also damage plant roots.

Side slope (geomorphology). A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally

planar area of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. Side

slopes are dominantly colluvium and slope-wash sediments.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral form is called quartz.

Silica-sesquioxide ratio. The ratio of the number of molecules of silica to the number

of molecules of alumina and iron oxide. The more highly weathered soils or their

clay fractions in warm-temperate, humid regions, and especially those in the

tropics, generally have a low ratio.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range in diameter from the

upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05

millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than

12 percent clay.
192 Soil Survey of

Siltstone. An indurated silt having the texture and composition of shale but lacking its

fine lamination or fissility; a massive mudstone in which silt predominates over

clay.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic criteria, behave and perform in a

similar manner, and have similar conservation needs or management

requirements for the major land uses in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site based on the height of the

dominant stand at an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average height

attained by dominant and codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the age of

50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides (pedogenic). Grooved, striated, and/or glossy (shiny) slip faces on

structural peds, such as wedges; produced by shrink-swell processes, most

commonly in soils that have a high content of expansive clays.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the horizontal. Percentage of slope is

the vertical distance divided by horizontal distance, then multiplied by 100. Thus, a

slope of 20 percent is a drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In this

survey, classes for simple slopes are as follows:

Nearly level ........................................... 0 to 2 percent

Gently sloping ...................................... 2 to 5 percent

Strongly sloping .................................. 5 to 10 percent

Moderately steep .............................. 10 to 18 percent

Steep ................................................. 18 to 35 percent

Very steep ................................ 35 percent and higher

Slope alluvium. Sediment gradually transported down the slopes of mountains or hills

primarily by nonchannel alluvial processes (i.e., slope-wash processes) and

characterized by particle sorting. Lateral particle sorting is evident on long slopes.

In a profile sequence, sediments may be distinguished by differences in size

and/or specific gravity of rock fragments and may be separated by stone lines.

Burnished peds and sorting of rounded or subrounded pebbles or cobbles

distinguish these materials from unsorted colluvial deposits.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed slowly downhill from its original

place of deposit by glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on outwash, or on a

glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds, resulting from restricted permeability in

the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with trenching machines, backhoes,

small rippers, and other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s surface. It is capable of

supporting plants and has properties resulting from the integrated effect of climate

and living matter acting on earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief and by

the passage of time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and

ranging between specified size limits. The names and sizes, in millimeters, of

separates recognized in the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ........................................ 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ................................................ 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ............................................. 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ................................................. 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand .......................................... 0.10 to 0.05

Silt .......................................................... 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .....................................................less than 0.002
Douglas County, Illinois 193

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in which the processes of

soil formation are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, and B horizons.

Generally, the characteristics of the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and plant and animal activities are

largely confined to the solum.

Stone line. In a vertical cross section, a line formed by scattered fragments or a

discrete layer of angular and subangular rock fragments (commonly a gravel- or

cobble-sized lag concentration) that formerly was draped across a topographic

surface and was later buried by additional sediments. A stone line generally caps

material that was subject to weathering, soil formation, and erosion before burial.

Many stone lines seem to be buried erosion pavements, originally formed by sheet

and rill erosion across the land surface.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded

or 15 to 24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers that interfere with or prevent

tillage.

Strath terrace. A type of stream terrace; formed as an erosional surface cut on

bedrock and thinly mantled with stream deposits (alluvium).

Stream terrace. One of a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or

less parallel to the stream channel, originally formed near the level of the stream;

represents the remnants of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley floor

produced during a former state of fluvial erosion or deposition.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands that

provide vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound particles or

aggregates. The principal forms of soil structure are—platy (laminated), prismatic

(vertical axis of aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with rounded

tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are either

single grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or massive (the particles

adhering without any regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on the soil or partly worked into the

soil. It protects the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after harvest, during

preparation of a seedbed for the next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or

claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, or EB) below the surface layer.

Summer fallow. The tillage of uncropped land during the summer to control weeds

and allow storage of moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A practice

common in semiarid regions, where annual precipitation is not enough to produce

a crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently practiced before planting winter

grain.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a hillslope. It has a nearly level

(planar or only slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equivalent in uncultivated soil,

ranging in depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently designated

as the “plow layer,” or the “Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, considered collectively. It includes all

subdivisions of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a series recognized in the classification

system. Such soils are named for a series they strongly resemble and are
194 Soil Survey of

designated as taxadjuncts to that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Soils are recognized as

taxadjuncts only when one or more of their characteristics are slightly outside the

range defined for the family of the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. An end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier. It

typically has the form of a massive arcuate or concentric ridge, or complex of

ridges, and is underlain by till and other types of drift.

Terrace (conservation). An embankment, or ridge, constructed across sloping soils on

the contour or at a slight angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff

so that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be farmed. A terrace intended mainly for

drainage has a deep channel that is maintained in permanent sod.

Terrace (geomorphology). A steplike surface, bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that

represents the former position of a flood plain, lake, or seashore. The term is

usually applied both to the relatively flat summit surface (tread) that was cut or

built by stream or wave action and to the steeper descending slope (scarp or riser)

that has graded to a lower base level of erosion.

Terracettes. Small, irregular steplike forms on steep hillslopes, especially in pasture,

formed by creep or erosion of surficial materials that may be induced or enhanced

by trampling of livestock, such as sheep or cattle.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a mass of soil.

The basic textural classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine particles, are

sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam,

silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy

loam classes may be further divided by specifying “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material that is too thin for the specified

use.

Till. Dominantly unsorted and nonstratified drift, generally unconsolidated and

deposited directly by a glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater, and

consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones, and

boulders; rock fragments of various lithologies are embedded within a finer matrix

that can range from clay to sandy loam.

Till plain. An extensive area of level to gently undulating soils underlain predominantly

by till and bounded at the distal end by subordinate recessional or end moraines.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related to tillage, seedbed preparation,

seedling emergence, and root penetration.

Tiskilwa Formation (geology). The lowermost sequence of red to gray diamicton

units of the Wedron Group. It has three differentiated members—the Tiskilwa

Member, the Delavan Member, and the Piatt Member. The Tiskilwa Formation

consists of calcareous, red gray to gray, medium textured (clay loam to loam)

diamicton units that contain lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Typically, it

oxidizes to red brown, brown, or yellow brown.

Toeslope. The gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in profile

are commonly gentle and linear and are constructional surfaces forming the lower

part of a hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closed-depression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most favorable material for plant

growth. It is ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to topdress roadbanks,

lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example, zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper,

and iron, in soils in extremely small amounts. They are essential to plant growth.

Tread. The flat to gently sloping, topmost, laterally extensive slope of terraces, floodplain steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of

natural steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces.
Douglas County, Illinois 195

Tuff. A generic term for any consolidated or cemented deposit that is 50 percent or

more volcanic ash.

Upland. An informal, general term for the higher ground of a region, in contrast with a

low-lying adjacent area, such as a valley or plain, or for land at a higher elevation

than the flood plain or low stream terrace; land above the footslope zone of the

hillslope continuum.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in stream valleys by glacial

meltwater. In nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by heavily loaded streams.

Vandalia Till Member (geology). The Vandalia Till Member of the Glasford Formation

consists of clay loam diamicton. It is generally gray and calcareous, except where

weathered. It is commonly 25 to 30 feet thick and is bounded at the top by the

Sangamon Geosol.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors assumed to be inherited from the

parent material rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of

still water within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded glaciolacustrine layers

seasonally deposited, usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or other body

of still water in front of a glacier.

Wasco facies (geology). An informal separation of the Henry Formation. Consists of

poorly sorted sand and gravel outwash deposits on kames, eskers, and deltas.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional areas that are excavated at an

angle across a sloping road. They are used to reduce the downward velocity of

water and divert it off and away from the road surface. Water bars can easily be

driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical disintegration, chemical decomposition, and biologically

induced changes in rocks or other deposits at or near the earth’s surface by

atmospheric or biologic agents or by circulating surface waters but involving

essentially no transport of the altered material.

Wedron Group (geology). Mostly diamicton of the Wisconsinan Age.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of coarse grained particles that are well

distributed over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil normally can be easily

increased in density and bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with poorly

graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The moisture content of soil, on an

ovendry basis, at which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so much that it does

not recover when placed in a humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by the wind.

Wisconsinan (geology). In Illinois, represents the last glacial stage of ice advance

during the Pleistocene. Follows the Sangamonian interglacial stage. See

Pleistocene.

Yarmouthian (geology). In Illinois, represents an interglacial stage between the preIllinoian and Illinoian glacial stages during the Pleistocene. See Pleistocene.

Yorkville Member (geology). The middle unit of diamicton in the Lemont Formation.

The Yorkville Member generally consists of calcareous, gray, fine textured (silty

clay to silty clay loam) diamicton that contains lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

It typically oxidizes to olive brown. Locally, the Yorkville Member is coarser

texturally and therefore similar to the Batestown Member.

197

Tables
198 Soil Survey of

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Tuscola, Illinois)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 34.4 | 17.6 | 26.0 | 61 | -16 | 2 | 2.04 | 0.81| 3.07| 5 | 8.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 40.3 | 22.1 | 31.2 | 67 | -10 | 3 | 2.16 | 1.04| 3.13| 4 | 4.8

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 52.5 | 32.0 | 42.2 | 81 | 7 | 52 | 3.13 | 1.70| 4.38| 6 | 2.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 65.5 | 41.6 | 53.6 | 86 | 21 | 174 | 3.84 | 1.83| 5.58| 8 | .3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 76.4 | 52.4 | 64.4 | 93 | 33 | 448 | 3.96 | 2.00| 5.66| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 85.5 | 61.6 | 73.5 | 98 | 44 | 704 | 4.05 | 1.96| 5.86| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 88.2 | 64.9 | 76.6 | 100 | 50 | 821 | 4.64 | 2.29| 6.69| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 86.1 | 62.5 | 74.3 | 98 | 48 | 745 | 3.79 | 1.75| 5.53| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 80.4 | 55.1 | 67.7 | 95 | 35 | 532 | 3.17 | 1.38| 4.70| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 68.2 | 43.9 | 56.1 | 88 | 25 | 225 | 2.90 | 1.67| 3.99| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 52.1 | 33.5 | 42.8 | 75 | 11 | 44 | 3.85 | 1.91| 5.53| 6 | 1.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 40.2 | 24.1 | 32.1 | 66 | -6 | 8 | 3.05 | 1.27| 4.56| 6 | 5.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 64.1 | 42.6 | 53.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| 104 | -26 | --- | 100 | -18 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,758 | 40.58 | 31.95| 46.24| 70 | 22.9

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Douglas County, Illinois 199

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Tuscola, Illinois)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 11 | Apr. 17 | May 5

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 6 | Apr. 13 | Apr. 30

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Mar. 28 | Apr. 5 | Apr. 19

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 18 | Oct. 10 | Sept. 25

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 24 | Oct. 15 | Oct. 1

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 6 | Oct. 26 | Oct. 11

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Tuscola,

 Illinois)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 201 | 186 | 152

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 208 | 192 | 160

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 222 | 203 | 174

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 236 | 214 | 188

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 243 | 220 | 196

 | | | __________________________________________________
200 Soil Survey of

Table 4.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description

 of those characteristics that are outside the range of the series)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Birkbeck-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Blackberry---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Brenton------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Brooklyn-----------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualfs

 Camden-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Catlin-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Clare--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Dana---------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Drummer------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Elburn-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

*Fincastle----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Flanagan-----------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Harpster-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

 Hartsburg----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Harvard------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

 Kendall------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

*Kernan-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Martinsville-------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Medway-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

 Milford------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

*Millbrook----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

*Mona---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Octagon------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Orthents, loamy----------|Loamy, mesic Udorthents

 Orthents, loamy-skeletal |Loamy-skeletal, mixed, acid, mesic Typic Udorthents

 Peotone------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Plano--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Proctor------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Raub---------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Russell------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Rutland------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Sabina-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Sawmill------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Senachwine---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Sexton-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Endoaqualfs

 Shaffton-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

 Starks-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

 Sunbury------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

 Toronto------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Epiaqualfs

 Wingate------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Xenia--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Zook---------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 | __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 201

Table 5.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

56B |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 4,049 | 1.5

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 654 | 0.2

69A |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 26,571 | 10.0

132A |Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 2,385 | 0.9

134B |Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 518 | 0.2

136A |Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 828 | 0.3

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 2 | *

149A |Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 4,651 | 1.7

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 19,556 | 7.3

154A |Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 53,837 | 20.2

171B |Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 2,465 | 0.9

198A |Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 11,724 | 4.4

199B |Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 353 | 0.1

208A |Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 636 | 0.2

219A |Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 1,543 | 0.6

233B |Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 528 | 0.2

234A |Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 2,711 | 1.0

234B |Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 358 | 0.1

236A |Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 3,183 | 1.2

242A |Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 1,427 | 0.5

244A |Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------| 1,149 | 0.4

291B |Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 2,628 | 1.0

322C2 |Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 1,477 | 0.6

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 591 | 0.2

344B |Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 338 | 0.1

348B |Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 523 | 0.2

353A |Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 623 | 0.2

375A |Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 8,495 | 3.2

448C3 |Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded----------------------------| 703 | 0.3

481A |Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 3,602 | 1.3

496A |Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 1,554 | 0.6

533 |Urban land--------------------------------------------------------------------| 591 | 0.2

554A |Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 805 | 0.3

554B |Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 682 | 0.3

570B |Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,319 | 0.5

570C2 |Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 818 | 0.3

570D2 |Martinsville loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 188 | *

618C2 |Senachwine silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded--------------------------| 1,616 | 0.6

618D2 |Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 1,196 | 0.4

618F |Senachwine silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes---------------------------------| 766 | 0.3

656C2 |Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 996 | 0.4

663B |Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 971 | 0.4

679B |Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 483 | 0.2

722A |Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------| 84,450 | 31.6

747A |Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,718 | 1.0

802D |Orthents, loamy, undulating---------------------------------------------------| 236 | *

809F |Orthents, loamy-skeletal, acid, steep-----------------------------------------| 186 | *

864 |Pits, quarries----------------------------------------------------------------| 102 | *

865 |Pits, gravel------------------------------------------------------------------| 17 | *

1107A |Sawmill silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded | 5,405 | 2.0

3107A |Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------------| 1,151 | 0.4

3183A |Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded-----------------| 946 | 0.4

3405A |Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded---------------| 744 | 0.3

8682A |Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------------------| 196 | *

MW |Miscellaneous water-----------------------------------------------------------| 238 | *

W |Water-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 488 | 0.2

 | |____________|________

 | Total--------------------------------------------------------------------| 266,970 | 100.0

 | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
202 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Management Considerations on Cropland and Pastureland

(See text for a description of the limitations and hazards listed in this table.

 Only the map units that are generally available for use as cropland or

 pastureland are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that the map unit is

 generally unsuited to use as cropland or pastureland or that it is not

 commonly used for those purposes)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Management considerations | Management considerations

 and | on cropland | on pastureland

 soil name | | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

56B: | |

 Dana--------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

67A: | |

 Harpster----------|Ponding, poor tilth, high pH, |Ponding, high pH, excess lime,

 | wetness, excess lime | wetness, frost heave

 | |

69A: | |

 Milford-----------|Ponding, poor tilth, wetness |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | |

 | |

132A: | |

 Starks------------|Wetness, crusting |Wetness, low pH

 | |

134B: | |

 Camden------------|Crusting, water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

136A: | |

 Brooklyn----------|Ponding, wetness, restricted |Ponding, low pH, frost heave,

 | permeability | wetness

 | |

148B: | |

 Proctor-----------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

149A: | |

 Brenton-----------|Wetness |Wetness

 | |

152A: | |

 Drummer-----------|Ponding, wetness |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | |

154A: | |

 Flanagan----------|Wetness |Wetness

 | |

171B: | |

 Catlin------------|Water erosion |No major concerns

 | |

198A: | |

 Elburn------------|Wetness |Wetness

 | |

199B: | |

 Plano-------------|Water erosion |Low pH

 | |

208A: | |

 Sexton------------|Ponding, crusting, restricted |Ponding, low pH, frost heave,

 | permeability, wetness | wetness

 | |

219A: | |

 Millbrook---------|Wetness |Wetness, low pH

 | |

233B: | |

 Birkbeck----------|Crusting, water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

234A: | |

 Sunbury-----------|Wetness |Wetness

 | |
Douglas County, Illinois 203

Table 6.--Management Considerations on Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Management considerations | Management considerations

 and | on cropland | on pastureland

 soil name | | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

234B: | |

 Sunbury-----------|Wetness, water erosion |Wetness, water erosion

 | |

236A: | |

 Sabina------------|Wetness, crusting |Wetness, low pH

 | |

242A: | |

 Kendall-----------|Wetness, crusting |Wetness, low pH

 | |

244A: | |

 Hartsburg---------|Ponding, high pH, excess lime,|Ponding, high pH, excess lime,

 | wetness | frost heave, wetness

 | |

291B: | |

 Xenia-------------|Wetness, crusting, water |Wetness, low pH, water erosion

 | erosion |

 | |

322C2: | |

 Russell-----------|Crusting, water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

330A: | |

 Peotone-----------|Ponding, poor tilth, wetness, |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

344B: | |

 Harvard-----------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

348B: | |

 Wingate-----------|Wetness, water erosion |Wetness, low pH, water

 | | erosion

 | |

353A: | |

 Toronto-----------|Wetness |Wetness, low pH

 | |

375A: | |

 Rutland-----------|Wetness |Wetness, low pH

 | |

448C3: | |

 Mona--------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Root-restrictive layer,

 | water erosion, limited | water erosion, limited

 | available water capacity, | available water capacity

 | restricted permeability, |

 | crusting |

 | |

481A: | |

 Raub--------------|Wetness |Wetness, low pH

 | |

496A: | |

 Fincastle---------|Wetness, crusting |Wetness, low pH

 | |

554A: | |

 Kernan------------|Wetness |Wetness

 | |

554B: | |

 Kernan------------|Wetness, water erosion, |Wetness, low pH, water erosion

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

570B: | |

 Martinsville------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |
204 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Management Considerations on Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Management considerations | Management considerations

 and | on cropland | on pastureland

 soil name | | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

570C2: | |

 Martinsville------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

570D2: | |

 Martinsville------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

618C2: | |

 Senachwine--------|High pH, crusting, water |Low pH, high pH, water

 | erosion | erosion

 | |

618D2: | |

 Senachwine--------|High pH, crusting, water |Low pH, high pH, water

 | erosion | erosion

 | |

618F: | |

 Senachwine--------| --- |Equipment limitation, low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

656C2: | |

 Octagon-----------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, high pH, water | layer, high pH, water

 | erosion | erosion

 | |

663B: | |

 Clare-------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion

 | |

679B: | |

 Blackberry--------|Water erosion |Low pH

 | |

722A: | |

 Drummer-----------|Ponding, wetness |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | |

 Milford-----------|Ponding, poor tilth, wetness, |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

747A: | |

 Milford, undrained| --- |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | |

 Milford, drained--|Ponding, poor tilth, wetness |Ponding, frost heave, wetness

 | |

802D: | |

 Orthents, loamy---|Poor tilth, crusting, water |Poor tilth, water erosion

 | erosion |

 | |

809F. | |

1107A: | |

 Sawmill, undrained| --- |Flooding, ponding, frost

 | | heave, wetness

 | |

3107A: | |

 Sawmill-----------|Flooding, ponding, wetness |Flooding, ponding, frost

 | | heave, wetness

 | |

3183A: | |

 Shaffton----------|Flooding, wetness |Flooding, wetness

 | |
Douglas County, Illinois 205

Table 6.--Management Considerations on Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Management considerations | Management considerations

 and | on cropland | on pastureland

 soil name | | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

3405A: | |

 Zook--------------|Flooding, ponding, poor tilth,|Flooding, ponding, frost

 | restricted permeability, | heave, wetness

 | wetness |

 | |

8682A: | |

 Medway------------|Flooding, wetness |Flooding, wetness

 | | _________________________________________________________________________________
206 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas.

 Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown

 on the soil)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | |

 Dana----------------| 2e | 160 | 50 | 61 | 88 | 5.59 | 8.25

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Harpster------------| 2w | 164 | 52 | 61 | 80 | 4.86 | 7.20

 | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | |

 Milford-------------| 2w | 154 | 51 | 61 | 79 | 4.97 | 7.33

 | | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | | |

 Starks--------------| 2w | 147 | 46 | 57 | 76 | 4.63 | 6.83

 | | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | | |

 Camden--------------| 2e | 148 | 46 | 57 | 77 | 4.25 | 6.27

 | | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------| 2w | 136 | 44 | 54 | 67 | 4.07 | 6.00

 | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------| 2e | 164 | 51 | 62 | 88 | 5.70 | 8.42

 | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------| 1 | 176 | 54 | 67 | 95 | 5.09 | 7.50

 | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------| 2w | 175 | 57 | 66 | 90 | 5.09 | 7.50

 | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------| 1 | 175 | 56 | 69 | 92 | 5.31 | 7.83

 | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------| 2e | 166 | 52 | 65 | 88 | 6.04 | 8.91

 | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------| 1 | 178 | 55 | 67 | 85 | 5.20 | 7.67

 | | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | | |

 Plano---------------| 2e | 173 | 53 | 66 | 92 | 6.27 | 9.10

 | | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------| 2w | 142 | 45 | 57 | 71 | 4.41 | 6.50

 | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------| 1 | 159 | 50 | 62 | 84 | 4.75 | 7.00

 | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------| 2e | 149 | 47 | 59 | 78 | 4.58 | 6.76

 | | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------| 1 | 162 | 51 | 63 | 84 | 4.97 | 7.33

 | | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------| 2e | 160 | 50 | 62 | 83 | 4.92 | 7.26

 | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------| 2w | 151 | 47 | 59 | 78 | 4.63 | 6.83

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Douglas County, Illinois 207

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------| 2w | 155 | 48 | 60 | 80 | 4.75 | 7.00

 | | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------| 2w | 164 | 53 | 61 | 80 | 4.86 | 7.17

 | | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------| 2e | 145 | 45 | 57 | 74 | 4.03 | 5.94

 | | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | | |

 Russell-------------| 3e | 134 | 42 | 53 | 68 | 3.79 | 5.52

 | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------| 3w | 148 | 49 | 55 | 70 | 4.52 | 6.67

 | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------| 2e | 152 | 48 | 59 | 78 | 4.92 | 7.26

 | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------| 2e | 148 | 46 | 60 | 81 | 4.81 | 7.10

 | | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------| 2w | 156 | 50 | 62 | 84 | 4.75 | 7.00

 | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------| 1 | 162 | 52 | 64 | 87 | 4.97 | 7.33

 | | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | | |

 Mona----------------| 3e | 108 | 34 | 42 | 56 | 2.84 | 4.08

 | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | |

 Raub----------------| 1 | 165 | 52 | 66 | 92 | 5.09 | 7.50

 | | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------| 1 | 150 | 47 | 59 | 77 | 4.52 | 6.67

 | | | | | | |

533. | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------| 2w | 138 | 45 | 55 | 70 | 4.18 | 6.17

 | | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------| 2e | 137 | 45 | 54 | 69 | 4.14 | 6.11

 | | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------| 2e | 139 | 44 | 56 | 67 | 4.03 | 5.94

 | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------| 3e | 130 | 41 | 53 | 63 | 3.79 | 5.52

 | | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------| 4e | 122 | 38 | 50 | 59 | 3.54 | 5.10

 | | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------| 3e | 123 | 40 | 48 | 59 | 2.94 | 4.29

 | | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------| 4e | 115 | 37 | 45 | 55 | 2.75 | 3.97

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
208 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.37 | 3.45

 | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------| 3e | 133 | 44 | 54 | 65 | 4.20 | 6.13

 | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | |

 Clare---------------| 2e | 162 | 50 | 62 | 86 | 5.70 | 8.42

 | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------| 2e | 175 | 54 | 66 | 88 | 6.27 | 9.10

 | | | | | | |

722A-----------------| | 167 | 55 | 64 | 86 | 5.04 | 7.40

 Milford-------------| 2w | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------| 2w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

747A-----------------| | 103 | 34 | 41 | 53 | 3.34 | 4.91

 Milford, undrained--| 5w | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----| 2w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

864, 865. | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.37

 | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------| 3w | 153 | 49 | --- | --- | 4.68 | 6.90

 | | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------| 3w | 126 | 41 | --- | --- | 4.17 | 6.15

 | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | |

 Zook----------------| 3w | 123 | 42 | --- | --- | 3.86 | 5.70

 | | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | | |

 Medway--------------| 2w | 159 | 51 | 62 | 77 | 5.09 | 7.50

 | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.
Douglas County, Illinois 209

Table 8.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed

 are not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions,

 the conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

56B |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

69A |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

132A |Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

134B |Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

136A |Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

149A |Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

154A |Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

171B |Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

198A |Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

199B |Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

208A |Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

219A |Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

233B |Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

234A |Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

234B |Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

236A |Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

242A |Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

244A |Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

291B |Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

344B |Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

348B |Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

353A |Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

375A |Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

481A |Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

496A |Fincastle silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

554A |Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

554B |Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

570B |Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

663B |Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

679B |Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

722A |Drummer-Milford silty clay loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

3107A |Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and

 | either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

3183A |Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from

 | flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

3405A |Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and

 | either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

8682A |Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

 | __________________________________________________________________________________________________
210 Soil Survey of

Table 9.--Hydric Soils

(Only the map units that have hydric components are listed. See text for a description

 of hydric qualities and definitions of the hydric criteria codes)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Hydric

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric | Local landform | criteria

 map unit name | | status | | code ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent |Dana |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to |Harpster | Hydric |ground moraine, lake| 2B3

 2 percent slopes | | | plain, outwash |

 | | | plain, stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford silty clay loam, 0 to |Milford | Hydric |lake plain | 2B3

 2 percent slopes | | | |

 | | | |

132A: | | | |

 Starks silt loam, 0 to 2 |Starks |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Sexton | Hydric |depression | 2B3

 |Brooklyn | Hydric |depression, stream | 2B3

 | | | terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

134B: | | | |

 Camden silt loam, 2 to 5 |Camden |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

136A: | | | |

 Brooklyn silt loam, 0 to 2 |Brooklyn | Hydric |outwash plain, | 2B3

 percent slopes | | | outwash terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 |Proctor |Not hydric|outwash plain | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 |Brenton |Not hydric|outwash plain | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to |Drummer | Hydric |outwash plain, | 2B3

 2 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 | | | |

154A: | | | |

 Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 |Flanagan |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

171B: | | | |

 Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 |Catlin |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

198A: | | | |

 Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 |Elburn |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 211

Table 9.--Hydric Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Hydric

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric | Local landform | criteria

 map unit name | | status | | code ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

199B: | | | |

 Plano silt loam, 2 to 5 percent|Plano |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

208A: | | | |

 Sexton silt loam, 0 to 2 |Sexton | Hydric |outwash plain | 2B3

 percent slopes | | | |

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 |Millbrook |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | outwash terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Brooklyn | Hydric |depression, outwash | 2B3

 | | | plain, stream |

 | | | terrace, swale |

 | | | |

234A: | | | |

 Sunbury silt loam, 0 to 2 |Sunbury |Not hydric|till plain, ground | ---

 percent slopes | | | moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

234B: | | | |

 Sunbury silt loam, 2 to 5 |Sunbury |Not hydric|till plain, ground | ---

 percent slopes | | | moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 |Sabina |Not hydric|ground moraine, | ---

 percent slopes | | | till plain |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

242A: | | | |

 Kendall silt loam, 0 to 2 |Kendall |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Brooklyn | Hydric |depression | 2B3

 | | | |

244A: | | | |

 Hartsburg silty clay loam, 0 |Hartsburg | Hydric |outwash plain, | 2B3

 to 2 percent slopes | | | ground moraine |

 | | | |

291B: | | | |

 Xenia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent|Xenia |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

322C2: | | | |

 Russell silt loam, 5 to 10 |Russell |Not hydric|ground moraine, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | end moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to |Peotone | Hydric |depression | 2B3

 2 percent slopes | | | |

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 |Harvard |Not hydric|outwash plain | ---

 percent slopes |Brooklyn | Hydric |depression, outwash | 2B3

 | | | plain, stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 |Wingate |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |
212 Soil Survey of

Table 9.--Hydric Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Hydric

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric | Local landform | criteria

 map unit name | | status | | code ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

353A: | | | |

 Toronto silt loam, 0 to 2 |Toronto |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 percent slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland silt loam, 0 to 2 |Rutland |Not hydric|ground moraine, | ---

 percent slopes | | | lake plain |

 |Harpster | Hydric |depression, lake | 2B3

 | | | plain |

 |Milford | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

448C3: | | | |

 Mona loam, 5 to 10 percent |Mona |Not hydric|ground moraine, | ---

 slopes, severely eroded | | | lake plain |

 |Milford | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent |Raub |Not hydric|ground moraine | ---

 slopes |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

533: | | | |

 Urban land |Urban land | --- | --- | ---

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

554A: | | | |

 Kernan silt loam, 0 to 2 |Kernan |Not hydric|lake plain | ---

 percent slopes |Milford | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

554B: | | | |

 Kernan silt loam, 2 to 5 |Kernan |Not hydric|lake plain | ---

 percent slopes |Milford | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

570B: | | | |

 Martinsville silt loam, 2 to |Martinsville |Not hydric|outwash terrace, | ---

 5 percent slopes | | | outwash plain |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 |Martinsville |Not hydric|outwash terrace, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | outwash plain |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 | | | |

570D2: | | | |

 Martinsville loam, 10 to 18 |Martinsville |Not hydric|outwash terrace, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | outwash plain |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 | | | |

618C2: | | | |

 Senachwine silt loam, 5 to 10 |Senachwine |Not hydric|ground moraine, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | end moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 | | | |

618D2: | | | |

 Senachwine silt loam, 10 to 18 |Senachwine |Not hydric|end moraine, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | ground moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 |Sawmill, | Hydric |backswamp, | 2B3,3,4

 | undrained | | flood plain |

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 213

Table 9.--Hydric Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Hydric

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric | Local landform | criteria

 map unit name | | status | | code ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

618F: | | | |

 Senachwine silt loam, 18 to 35 |Senachwine |Not hydric|end moraine | ---

 percent slopes |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 |Sawmill, | Hydric |backswamp, | 2B3,3,4

 | undrained | | flood plain |

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon silt loam, 5 to 10 |Octagon |Not hydric|end moraine, | ---

 percent slopes, eroded | | | ground moraine |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

663B: | | | |

 Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 |Clare |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

679B: | | | |

 Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 |Blackberry |Not hydric|outwash plain, | ---

 percent slopes | | | stream terrace |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

722A: | | | |

 Drummer-Milford silty clay |Drummer | Hydric |outwash plain | 2B3

 loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes |Milford | Hydric |lake plain | 2B3

 | | | |

 | | | |

747A: | | | |

 Milford silty clay loams, 0 to |Milford, | Hydric |depression | 2B3,3

 2 percent slopes | undrained | | |

 |Milford, | Hydric |lake plain | 2B3

 | drained | | |

 | | | |

802D: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy, rolling |Orthents |Not hydric| --- | ---

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 |Sawmill, | Hydric |backswamp, flood | 2B3

 | undrained | | plain |

 |Drummer | Hydric |swale | 2B3

 | | | |

1107A: | | | |

 Sawmill silty clay loam, |Sawmill, | Hydric |flood plain, | 2B3,3,4

 undrained, 0 to 2 percent | undrained | | backswamp |

 slopes, frequently flooded | | | |

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 2 percent slopes, frequently | | | |

 flooded | | | |

 | | | |

3183A: | | | |

 Shaffton silt loam, 0 to 2 |Shaffton |Not hydric|flood plain step, | ---

 percent slopes, frequently | | | stream terrace |

 flooded |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 |Sawmill, | Hydric |backswamp, flood | 2B3,3,4

 | undrained | | plain |

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 |Zook | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 percent slopes, frequently | | | |

 flooded | | | |

 | | | |
214 Soil Survey of

Table 9.--Hydric Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | Hydric

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric | Local landform | criteria

 map unit name | | status | | code ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

8682A: | | | |

 Medway loam, 0 to 2 percent |Medway |Not hydric|flood plain step, | ---

 slopes, occasionally flooded | | | stream terrace |

 |Sawmill | Hydric |flood plain | 2B3

 |Sawmill, | Hydric |backswamp, flood | 2B3,3,4

 | undrained | | plain |

 | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 215

Table 10.--Forestland Productivity

(Only the soils commonly used for production of commercial trees are listed)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and soil name | | | |

 | Common trees | Site index |Volume of wood| Suggested trees to plant

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/acre/yr |

 | | | |

132A: | | | |

 Starks-----------------------|Northern red oak--------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 | persimmon, eastern

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

134B: | | | |

 Camden-----------------------|White oak---------------------| 85 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Green ash---------------------| 76 | 72 | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Northern red oak--------------| 85 | 72 | pine, green ash, northern

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 80 | 86 | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 95 | 100 | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

136A: | | | |

 Brooklyn---------------------|Pin oak-----------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, eastern

 |White oak---------------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Tuliptree---------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 | | | |

208A: | | | |

 Sexton-----------------------|Pin oak-----------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, eastern

 |White oak---------------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Tuliptree---------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook--------------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 90 | 86 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------------|White oak---------------------| 86 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Northern red oak--------------| --- | --- | pine, green ash, northern

 | | | | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

234B: | | | |

 Sunbury----------------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina-----------------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |
216 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and soil name | | | |

 | Common trees | Site index |Volume of wood| Suggested trees to plant

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/acre/yr |

 | | | |

242A: | | | |

 Kendall----------------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 90 | 86 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

291B: | | | |

 Xenia------------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pine, green ash, northern

 | | | | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

322C2: | | | |

 Russell----------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 90 | 72 | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 96 | 100 | pine, green ash, northern

 | | | | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard----------------------|White oak---------------------| 85 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Green ash---------------------| 76 | 72 | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Northern red oak--------------| 85 | 72 | pine, green ash, northern

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 80 | 86 | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 95 | 100 | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate----------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, eastern

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | cottonwood, eastern white

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pine, green ash, northern

 | | | | red oak, pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white oak.

 | | | |

353A: | | | |

 Toronto----------------------|White oak---------------------| 75 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Northern red oak--------------| 75 | 57 | persimmon, eastern

 |Pin oak-----------------------| 85 | 72 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 85 | 86 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

448C3: | | | |

 Mona-------------------------|Bur oak-----------------------| --- | --- |Black oak, common hackberry,

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | eastern white pine, green

 |Northern red oak--------------| 70 | 57 | ash.

 |White oak---------------------| 70 | 57 |

 | | | |

496A: | | | |

 Fincastle--------------------|White oak---------------------| 75 | 57 |Common hackberry, common

 |Northern red oak--------------| 75 | 57 | persimmon, eastern

 |Pin oak-----------------------| 85 | 72 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 85 | 86 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

554A: | | | |

 Kernan-----------------------|Bur oak-----------------------| --- | --- |Common hackberry, common

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 70 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |White oak---------------------| 70 | 57 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 217

Table 10.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and soil name | | | |

 | Common trees | Site index |Volume of wood| Suggested trees to plant

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/acre/yr |

 | | | |

554B: | | | |

 Kernan-----------------------|Bur oak-----------------------| --- | --- |Common hackberry, common

 |Green ash---------------------| --- | --- | persimmon, eastern

 |Northern red oak--------------| 70 | 57 | cottonwood, green ash,

 |White oak---------------------| 70 | 57 | pecan, pin oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak.

 | | | |

570B: | | | |

 Martinsville-----------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville-----------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

570D2: | | | |

 Martinsville-----------------|White oak---------------------| 80 | 57 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

618C2: | | | |

 Senachwine-------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

618D2: | | | |

 Senachwine-------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

618F: | | | |

 Senachwine-------------------|White oak---------------------| 90 | 72 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Sweetgum----------------------| 76 | 72 | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 98 | 100 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon----------------------|Northern red oak--------------| 69 | 57 |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |American beech----------------| --- | --- | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Shagbark hickory--------------| --- | --- | pin oak, tuliptree.

 |Sugar maple-------------------| --- | --- |

 |White ash---------------------| --- | --- |

 |White oak---------------------| --- | --- |

 | | | |

1107A: | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained-----------|Pin oak-----------------------| 90 | 72 |Common hackberry, eastern

 |American sycamore-------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Eastern cottonwood------------| --- | --- | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Sweetgum----------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill----------------------|Pin oak-----------------------| 90 | 72 |Common hackberry, eastern

 |American sycamore-------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Eastern cottonwood------------| --- | --- | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Sweetgum----------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 | | | |
218 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and soil name | | | |

 | Common trees | Site index |Volume of wood| Suggested trees to plant

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/acre/yr |

 | | | |

3183A: | | | |

 Shaffton---------------------|Black cherry------------------| --- | --- |Common hackberry, eastern

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Northern red oak--------------| 86 | 72 | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Sugar maple-------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 96 | 100 |

 |White ash---------------------| --- | --- |

 |White oak---------------------| --- | --- |

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook-------------------------|Pin oak-----------------------| 90 | 72 |Common hackberry, eastern

 |American sycamore-------------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green ash, pin

 |Eastern cottonwood------------| --- | --- | oak, river birch, swamp

 |Sweetgum----------------------| --- | --- | white oak, sweetgum.

 | | | |

8682A: | | | |

 Medway-----------------------|Black cherry------------------| --- | --- |Black walnut, bur oak,

 |Black walnut------------------| --- | --- | eastern white pine, pecan,

 |Northern red oak--------------| 86 | 72 | pin oak, tuliptree.

 |Sugar maple-------------------| --- | --- |

 |Tuliptree---------------------| 96 | 100 |

 |White ash---------------------| --- | --- |

 |White oak---------------------| --- | --- |

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 56B: | | | |  Dana--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 67A: | | | |  Harpster----------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood, | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 69A: | | | |  Milford-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 132A: | | | |  Starks------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 134B: | | | |  Camden------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 136A: | | | |  Brooklyn----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 148B: | | | |  Proctor-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 149A: | | | |  Brenton-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 152A: | | | |  Drummer-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 154A: | | | |  Flanagan----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 171B: | | | |  Catlin------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 198A: | | | |  Elburn------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 199B: | | | |  Plano-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 208A: | | | |  Sexton------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 219A: | | | |  Millbrook---------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 233B: | | | |  Birkbeck----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 234A: | | | |  Sunbury-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 234B: | | | |  Sunbury-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 236A: | | | |  Sabina------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 242A: | | | |  Kendall-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 244A: | | | |  Hartsburg---------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood, | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 291B: | | | |  Xenia-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 322C2: | | | |  Russell-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 330A: | | | |  Peotone-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 344B: | | | |  Harvard-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 348B: | | | |  Wingate-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 353A: | | | |  Toronto-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 375A: | | | |  Rutland-----------------|Common winterberry, |Blackhaw, common |Austrian pine, |Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, bur | eastern cottonwood  | redosier dogwood, | serviceberry, downy| oak, common |  | silky dogwood | arrowwood, | hackberry, eastern |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green |  | | southern arrowwood | ash, green |  | | | hawthorn, |  | | | nannyberry |  | | | | 448C3: | | | |  Mona--------------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar----- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 481A: | | | |  Raub--------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 496A: | | | |  Fincastle---------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 533. | | | |  Urban land | | | |  | | | | 554A: | | | |  Kernan------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 554B: | | | |  Kernan------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 570B: | | | |  Martinsville------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 570C2: | | | |  Martinsville------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 570D2: | | | |  Martinsville------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 618C2: | | | |  Senachwine--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 618D2: | | | |  Senachwine--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 618F: | | | |  Senachwine--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 656C2: | | | |  Octagon-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 663B: | | | |  Clare-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 679B: | | | |  Blackberry--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, northern | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 722A: | | | |  Drummer-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | |  Milford-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 747A: | | | |  Milford, undrained------|American plum, black|Cockspur hawthorn, |Bur oak, chinkapin | ---  | chokeberry, | common | oak, green ash, |  | blackhaw, common | serviceberry, | thornless |  | juniper, gray | eastern redcedar, | honeylocust |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | nannyberry, prairie| |  | viburnum | crabapple | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 747A: | | | |  Milford, drained--------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle |  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 802D: | | | |  Orthents, loamy---------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 809F: | | | |  Orthents, loamy-skeletal|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 864, 865. | | | |  Pits | | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1107A: | | | |  Sawmill, undrained------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 3107A: | | | |  Sawmill-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 3183A: | | | |  Shaffton----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch, | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 3405A: | | | |  Zook--------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, northern | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | white-cedar, |  | ninebark, common | | shingle oak |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 8682A: | | | |  Medway------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, tuliptree  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 235

Table 12a.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.81 | Depth to |0.48 | Depth to |0.81

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.28

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.83 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |
236 Soil Survey of

Table 12a.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.16 | Depth to |0.08 | Depth to |0.16

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Slope |0.12

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.28

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.28

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slope |0.50

 | movement | | movement | | Slow water |0.21

 | | | | | movement |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 237

Table 12a.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.12

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.07 | Depth to |0.03 | Slope |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.07

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.39 | Slow water |0.21 | Depth to |0.39

 | saturated zone | | movement | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Depth to |0.19 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | saturated zone | | movement |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96 | Slope |0.97

 | movement | | movement | | Slow water |0.96

 | | | | | movement |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
238 Soil Survey of

Table 12a.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

Kernan---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.96 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96 | Slow water |0.96

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | Slope |0.12

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | movement | | Slow water |0.21

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | movement |

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | movement | | Slow water |0.21

 | | | | | movement |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 239

Table 12a.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.28

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Slope |0.37 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21

 | movement | | movement | | movement |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |0.21 | Slow water |0.21 | Gravel content |1.00

 | movement | | movement | | Slow water |0.21

 | Gravel content |0.06 | Gravel content |0.06 | movement |

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |
240 Soil Survey of

Table 12a.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 and soil name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.28 | Depth to |0.56

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow water |0.96 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.96 | movement | | Slow water |0.96

 | movement | | Flooding |0.40 | movement |

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 241

Table 12b.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.11 | Depth to |0.11 | Depth to |0.48

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.62 | Depth to |0.62 | Depth to |0.83

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.08

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
242 Soil Survey of

Table 12b.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.94

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.94

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.94

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.94

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.01

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 243

Table 12b.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.03

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.19

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.92 | Depth to |0.92 | Depth to |0.96

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.01

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.96

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.01

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |0.96

 | | | | | |
244 Soil Survey of

Table 12b.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.04 | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |0.37

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.78 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | Droughty |0.26

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.06

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 245

Table 12b.--Recreational Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.01 | Depth to |0.01 | Depth to |0.28

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
246 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Starks------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Camden------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brooklyn----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brenton-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flanagan----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elburn------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Plano-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sexton------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millbrook---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunbury-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 247

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunbury-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sabina------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kendall-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hartsburg---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Xenia-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Russell-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone-----------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harvard-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toronto-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mona--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raub--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fincastle---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

533. | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kernan------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kernan------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
248 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine--------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford, drained--|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

802D. | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | | | | | |

 skeletal---------|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

864, 865. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sawmill-----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shaffton----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 249

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- _________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook--------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Medway------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
250 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further nation of ratings in this

 table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.99 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.81 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.81

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 251

Table 14a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | Depth to |0.16 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.16

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.27 | Shrink-swell |0.27 | Shrink-swell |0.27

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.68

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.92 | Depth to |0.99 | Shrink-swell |0.92

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.92 | |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |
252 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.44 | | | Shrink-swell |0.44

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | Depth to |0.07 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.07

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Depth to |0.39 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.39

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.02 | Depth to |0.99 | Slope |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.02

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 253

Table 14a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Shrink-swell |0.01

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.11 | Depth to |0.99 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.11

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.11 | |

 | | | | | |
254 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.99 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.99 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50 | |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |0.37 | Depth to |0.47 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 255

Table 14a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 and soil name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
256 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.02 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.48

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.48 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Too clayey |0.01 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 257

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.83

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.83 | Cutbanks cave |0.50 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.08

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.08 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.27 | | | |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Too clayey |0.01 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |
258 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.68 | | | |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.92 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.94 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.94 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Depth to |0.94 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.94

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.94 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Dense layer |0.50 | |

 | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 259

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.01

 | Low strength |1.00 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.44 | | | |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.03

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Dense layer |0.50 | |

 | Depth to |0.03 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Dense layer |0.50 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.19

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Too clayey |0.41 | |

 | Depth to |0.19 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Too clayey |0.18 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.02 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
260 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Dense layer |0.50 | |

 | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Too clayey |0.12 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.96

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Too clayey |0.12 | |

 | Depth to |0.96 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Slope |0.01

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | Slope |0.96

 | Frost action |0.50 | Slope |0.96 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Slope |0.01

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96

 | Slope |0.96 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 261

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.11 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Dense layer |0.50 | |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------| ery limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.99 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.02 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Too clayey |0.02 | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.02 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
262 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 and soil name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Not rated | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.47 | Slope |0.37

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Frost action |0.50 | Dense layer |0.50 | Droughty |0.26

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | Gravel content |0.06

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

Pits-----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Frost action |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | Ponding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.28

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.28 | Flooding |0.80 | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Frost action |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Too clayey |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 263

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but

 does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers

 in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value,

 the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of

 ratings in this table)

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Slow water |1.00 | Depth to |0.04

 | movement | | saturated zone |

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

132A: | | | |

 Starks--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

134B: | | | |

 Camden--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Slope |0.18

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

136A: | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | movement | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Slope |0.32

 | movement | | |

 | | | |
264 Soil Survey of

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

154A: | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

171B: | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.56

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | Slope |0.08

 | | | |

198A: | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | |

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

199B: | | | |

 Plano---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Slope |0.18

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

208A: | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | movement | | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 265

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19

 | Slow water |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | movement | | Slope |0.18

 | | | |

234A: | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

234B: | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

242A: | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

244A: | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

291B: | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

322C2: | | | |

 Russell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | | | |
266 Soil Survey of

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | movement | | |

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Slope |0.08

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.44

 | Slow water |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | movement | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

353A: | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | movement | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

448C3: | | | |

 Mona----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Slope |0.82

 | movement | | Depth to |0.12

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub----------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

496A: | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

533: | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 267

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

554A: | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | movement | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

554B: | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | movement | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |0.08

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

570B: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | Slow water |0.46 | Slope |0.32

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | | | |

570D2: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slope |0.96 | Seepage |0.53

 | Slow water |0.46 | |

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

618C2: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Slope |0.01 | |

 | | | |

618D2: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Slope |0.96 | |

 | | | |

618F: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | | | |
268 Soil Survey of

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

663B: | | | |

 Clare---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

679B: | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | Slope |0.18

 | | | |

722A: | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

747A: | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | movement | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | movement | | Seepage |0.53

 | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | |

802D: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.94 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.40

 | Slow water |0.78 | saturated zone |

 | movement | | Seepage |0.21

 | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | |

809F: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Slow water |1.00 | |

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

864, 865: | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 269

Table 15a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 and soil name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1107A: | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

3183A: | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | |

 | movement | | |

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Slow water |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | movement | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

8682A: | | | |

 Medway--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Slow water |0.46 | Seepage |0.53

 | movement | | |

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________
270 Soil Survey of

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.04 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.24

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.96

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |0.22

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | | | Hard to compact |1.00

 | | | | | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 271

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.56 | Depth to |0.76

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | Too sandy |0.50 | | | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | Seepage |0.51

 | | | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to |0.19 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.47

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |
272 Soil Survey of

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Hard to compact |1.00

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | Slope |0.01 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Slope |0.01 | | | Slope |0.01

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.52

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.95 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.68

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.86

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 273

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | Depth to |0.12 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Depth to |0.80 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.38

 | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Slope |0.01 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Slope |0.01

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96

 | Slope |0.96 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01 | Slope |0.01

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96 | Slope |0.96

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |
274 Soil Survey of

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.24

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.24

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.24

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |0.37

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Slope |0.37 | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.94

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 275

Table 15b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 and soil name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.91

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |1.00

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | Hard to compact |1.00

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
276 Soil Survey of

Table 16a.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.00 to 0.99. The

 smaller the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.50 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.76

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.90 | Depth to |0.98

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone |

 | Too acid |0.97 | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Carbonate content|0.80 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Too clayey |0.92 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.72

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.24 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.86 | Too clayey |0.18

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.24 | Depth to |0.29 | Depth to |0.29

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too acid |0.32 | Shrink-swell |0.99 | Too clayey |0.67

 | Water erosion |0.68 | | | Too acid |0.88

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Fair | |Good | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.12 | | | Too clayey |0.55

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.37 | | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Poor | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.00 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Water erosion |0.37 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Content of |0.50 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.64 | |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | |

 | Too acid |0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Good |

 | Content of |0.50 | Low strength |0.00 | |

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 277

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.82 | Depth to |0.09 | Depth to |0.09

 | Too acid |0.84 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.64

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too acid |0.95 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Too clayey |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.86

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.13

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Depth to |0.14 | Depth to |0.14

 | Too acid |0.84 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Content of |0.88 | Shrink-swell |0.90 | |

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.82 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.64

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.68

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.98 | |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.14

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Depth to |0.14 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.81

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.68 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.67

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | Too acid |0.92 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Poor | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.00 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.05 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.91 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Water erosion |0.37 | | | Too acid |0.98

 | Too acid |0.54 | | | |

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Water erosion |0.37 | Depth to |0.14 | Depth to |0.14

 | Content of |0.82 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.97 | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | | | | | |
278 Soil Survey of

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too acid |0.16 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.49

 | Content of |0.18 | Shrink-swell |0.78 | Depth to |0.89

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.89 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.68 | saturated zone | | Too acid |0.98

 | Too clayey |0.82 | | | |

 | Carbonate content|0.95 | | | |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.05 | Depth to |0.04 | Depth to |0.04

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Shrink-swell |0.88 | Too clayey |0.11

 | Water erosion |0.68 | | | Hard to reclaim |0.94

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | (dense layer) |

 | Carbonate content|0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.05 | Depth to |0.04 | Depth to |0.04

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Shrink-swell |0.88 | Too clayey |0.11

 | Water erosion |0.68 | | | Hard to reclaim |0.94

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | (dense layer) |

 | Carbonate content|0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.08 | Low strength |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | Water erosion |0.37 | Depth to |0.04 | (dense layer) |

 | Content of |0.50 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.04

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.56 | saturated zone |

 | Too acid |0.88 | | | Too clayey |0.05

 | Carbonate content|0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.12 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.04

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.04 | saturated zone |

 | Too acid |0.61 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.57

 | Water erosion |0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.95 | Too acid |0.99

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.68 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.82

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.82 | | | |

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Water erosion |0.68 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.14

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Depth to |0.14 | saturated zone |

 | Content of |0.68 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.67

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.94 | Hard to reclaim |0.97

 | Too acid |0.74 | | | (dense layer) |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 279

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too acid |0.20 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.57

 | Content of |0.32 | Shrink-swell |0.90 | Too acid |0.76

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.18

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.21 | |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Fair | |Good | |Good |

 | Content of |0.02 | | | |

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.08 | Low strength |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.29

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.76 | (dense layer) |

 | Water erosion |0.68 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.67

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.95 | Depth to |0.76

 | Too acid |0.74 | | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.08 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too acid |0.39 | Low strength |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.20

 | Water erosion |0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.94 | (dense layer) |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | Too clayey |0.67

 | Too clayey |0.98 | | | Too acid |0.92

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.08 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.06

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.20 | Depth to |0.53

 | Too acid |0.97 | Depth to |0.53 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.08 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.93

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.93 | saturated zone |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | saturated zone | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |
280 Soil Survey of

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.08 | Depth to |0.14 | Depth to |0.14

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | Too acid |0.95 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.32 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.14

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.14 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.37 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.57

 | Too acid |0.84 | Shrink-swell |0.96 | Hard to reclaim |0.71

 | Carbonate content|0.92 | | | (dense layer) |

 | Too clayey |0.92 | | | |

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.08 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.32 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.05

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | Shrink-swell |0.38 | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | Too acid |0.97 | | | |

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.02 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.02

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.02 | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.08 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.05

 | Too acid |0.61 | Shrink-swell |0.37 | Too acid |0.99

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Fair | |Good | |Good |

 | Content of |0.12 | | | |

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.37 | | | |

 | Too acid |0.54 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Fair | |Good | |Good |

 | Content of |0.12 | | | |

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Fair | |Good | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.12 | | | Slope |0.04

 | organic matter | | | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 281

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Fair | |Good | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.02 | | | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | organic matter | | | | (dense layer) |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | |

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Fair | |Good | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.02 | | | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | organic matter | | | | (dense layer) |

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | Slope |0.04

 | Too acid |0.84 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.02 | Slope |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | organic matter | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | Carbonate content|0.68 | | | (dense layer) |

 | Too acid |0.74 | | | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Too acid |0.84 | Depth to |0.98 | Hard to reclaim |0.97

 | Content of |0.88 | saturated zone | | (dense layer) |

 | organic matter | | | | Depth to |0.98

 | Carbonate content|0.92 | | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Too clayey |0.82 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.68

 | Too acid |0.84 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.98

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.68 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.63

 | organic matter | | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.98

 | Too acid |0.92 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.92 | Shrink-swell |0.98 | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too acid |0.92 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Too clayey |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.81

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.99 | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.18 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.86 | Too clayey |0.18

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |
282 Soil Survey of

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.24 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.18

 | Carbonate content|0.32 | Shrink-swell |0.51 | |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.18 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Content of |0.18 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.86 | Too clayey |0.18

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | |

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.12 | Low strength |0.00 | Slope |0.63

 | organic matter | | Shrink-swell |0.87 | |

 | Water erosion |0.90 | | | |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Content of |0.02 | Low strength |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | organic matter | | Slope |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | Too acid |0.50 | Cobble content |0.94 | (dense layer) |

 | Droughty |0.76 | | | Rock fragments |0.00

 | Water erosion |0.99 | | | Hard to reclaim |0.00

 | | | | | (rock fragments)|

 | | | | | Too acid |0.50

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.98

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.87 | |

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Fair | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.98 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Too acid |0.99 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.98

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.87 | |

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Fair | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Water erosion |0.99 | Low strength |0.00 | Depth to |0.44

 | | | Depth to |0.44 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Poor | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Too clayey |0.00 | Depth to |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Low strength |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | Shrink-swell |0.16 | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 283

Table 16a.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source of | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | reclamation material | of roadfill | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Fair | |Fair | |Fair |

 | Content of |0.88 | Depth to |0.14 | Depth to |0.14

 | organic matter | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
284 Soil Survey of

Table 16b.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but

 does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The ratings

 given for the thickest layer are for the thickest layer above and

 excluding the bottom layer. The numbers in the value columns range

 from 0.00 to 0.99. The greater the value, the greater the likelihood

 that the bottom layer or thickest layer of the soil is a source of

 sand or gravel. See text for further explanation of ratings in this

 table)

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | of gravel | of sand ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana----------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

132A: | | | |

 Starks--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

134B: | | | |

 Camden--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

136A: | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.01

 | | | |

154A: | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 285

Table 16b.--Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | of gravel | of sand ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

171B: | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

198A: | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.05

 | | | |

199B: | | | |

 Plano---------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | | | |

208A: | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.08

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

234A: | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

234B: | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

242A: | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

244A: | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

291B: | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |
286 Soil Survey of

Table 16b.--Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | of gravel | of sand ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

322C2: | | | |

 Russell-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.04

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

353A: | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

448C3: | | | |

 Mona----------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub----------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

496A: | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

533: | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

554A: | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

554B: | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

570B: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 287

Table 16b.--Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | of gravel | of sand ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

570D2: | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

618C2: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

618D2: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

618F: | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

663B: | | | |

 Clare---------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

679B: | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

722A: | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.01

 | | | |

 Milford-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

747A: | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | | | |

802D: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |
288 Soil Survey of

Table 16b.--Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Potential as source | Potential as source

 and soil name | of gravel | of sand ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

809F: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

864, 865: | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

1107A: | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

3183A: | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.01

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook----------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | |

8682A: | | | |

 Medway--------------|Poor | |Poor |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 289

Table 17a.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.03 | |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.22 | |

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.74 | |

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.81 | |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |0.82 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.31 | |

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |0.72 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Piping |0.97 | |

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.43 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |
290 Soil Survey of

Table 17a.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.42 | |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.51 | |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.51 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.05 | |

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |0.94 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.91 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.08 | |

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.80 | |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |0.86 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.14 | |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.59 | |

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.59 | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 291

Table 17a.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.53 | |

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.39 | |

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.60 | |

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.47 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | Seepage |0.04 | |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |0.95 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.47 | |

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.43 | |

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |0.80 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.04 | |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.84 | |

 | | | | | |
292 Soil Survey of

Table 17a.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.64 | |

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.02 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.98 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.02 | | | |

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.36 | | | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.14

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |0.68 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.14

 | | | Piping |0.56 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 293

Table 17a.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.74 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Depth to |0.68 | Depth to |0.14

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.43 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.74 | |

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.32 | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.74 | |

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.47 | Piping |0.59 | Depth to |0.90

 | Slope |0.01 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Slow refill |0.53

 | | | | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.72 | | | Depth to water |1.00

 | Seepage |0.04 | | | |

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |
294 Soil Survey of

Table 17a.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 and soil name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | |

 | | | Piping |0.02 | |

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |1.00 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.02 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Hard to pack |0.12 | |

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |1.00 | |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 295

Table 17b.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Too clayey |0.02

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Slope |0.26 | Water erosion |1.00 | |

 | | | Slope |0.26 | |

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.01

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Cutbanks cave |0.50

 | | | | | |
296 Soil Survey of

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.16 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.16 | |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.26 | Water erosion |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Slope |0.26 | |

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.01

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.26 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.26 | |

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 297

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Dense layer |0.50

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | |

 | | | Slope |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.12 | |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.16 | Water erosion |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Slope |0.16 | |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Dense layer |0.50

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |
298 Soil Survey of

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Dense layer |0.50

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.41

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.74 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Too clayey |0.18

 | | | Slope |0.74 | |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub----------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle-----------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Dense layer |0.50

 | | | | | |

533: | | | | | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.12

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.16 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.12

 | | | Slope |0.16 | |

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | |

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Slope |0.96

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 299

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | |

 | | | Slope |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |0.96

 | | | Slope |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | Slope |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.96 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Slope |0.96 | Dense layer |0.50

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | |

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.37 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.37 | |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.26 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |0.99

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Slope |0.26 | |

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

 Milford-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Too clayey |0.02

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained--|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Too clayey |0.02

 | | | | | |
300 Soil Survey of

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, drained----|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Too clayey |0.02

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |0.45

 | | | Slope |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Slope |0.37

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Water erosion |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Content of large |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Dense layer |0.50

 | stones | | Content of large |1.00 | |

 | | | stones | | |

 | | | | | |

864, 865: | | | | | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.50 | Frequent flooding|0.80

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.50 | Frequent flooding|0.80

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Water erosion |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | | | Frequent flooding|0.80

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.50 | Frequent flooding|0.80

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.01

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 301

Table 17b.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Constructing grassed |Constructing terraces and| Tile drains and

 and soil name | waterways and surface | diversions | underground

 | drains | | outlets _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | Water erosion |0.88 | Occasional |0.60

 | | | | | flooding |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
302 Soil Survey of

Table 17c.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the

 dominant soil condition but does not

 eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. The numbers in the value

 columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the

 limitation. See text for further

 explanation of ratings in this table)

_______________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Sprinkler

 and soil name | irrigation _________________________

 | Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | _______________________________________________

 | |

56B: | |

 Dana----------------|Not limited |

 | |

67A: | |

 Harpster------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

69A: | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

132A: | |

 Starks--------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

134B: | |

 Camden--------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

136A: | |

 Brooklyn------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

148B: | |

 Proctor-------------|Not limited |

 | |

149A: | |

 Brenton-------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

152A: | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

154A: | |

 Flanagan------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

171B: | |

 Catlin--------------|Not limited |

 | |
Douglas County, Illinois 303

Table 17c.--Water Management--Continued

_______________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Sprinkler

 and soil name | irrigation _________________________

 | Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | _______________________________________________

 | |

198A: | |

 Elburn--------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

199B: | |

 Plano---------------|Not limited |

 | |

208A: | |

 Sexton--------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

219A: | |

 Millbrook-----------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

233B: | |

 Birkbeck------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

234A: | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

234B: | |

 Sunbury-------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

236A: | |

 Sabina--------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

242A: | |

 Kendall-------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

244A: | |

 Hartsburg-----------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

291B: | |

 Xenia---------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

322C2: | |

 Russell-------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Slope |0.10

 | |
304 Soil Survey of

Table 17c.--Water Management--Continued

_______________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Sprinkler

 and soil name | irrigation _________________________

 | Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | _______________________________________________

 | |

330A: | |

 Peotone-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | Droughtiness |0.01

 | |

344B: | |

 Harvard-------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

348B: | |

 Wingate-------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

353A: | |

 Toronto-------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

375A: | |

 Rutland-------------|Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.97

 | saturated zone |

 | Droughtiness |0.02

 | |

448C3: | |

 Mona----------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Droughtiness |0.80

 | |

481A: | |

 Raub----------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

496A: | |

 Fincastle-----------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

533: | |

 Urban land----------|Not rated |

 | |

554A: | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

554B: | |

 Kernan--------------|Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

570B: | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |
Douglas County, Illinois 305

Table 17c.--Water Management--Continued

_______________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Sprinkler

 and soil name | irrigation _________________________

 | Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | _______________________________________________

 | |

570C2: | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Droughtiness |0.19

 | Slope |0.10

 | |

570D2: | |

 Martinsville--------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Slope |0.98

 | Droughtiness |0.19

 | |

618C2: | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Slope |0.10

 | Droughtiness |0.07

 | |

618D2: | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Slope |0.98

 | Droughtiness |0.02

 | |

618F: | |

 Senachwine----------|Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | |

656C2: | |

 Octagon-------------|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Slope |0.02

 | Droughtiness |0.02

 | |

663B: | |

 Clare---------------|Not limited |

 | |

679B: | |

 Blackberry----------|Not limited |

 | |

722A: | |

 Drummer-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

 | |

 Milford-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

747A: | |

 Milford, undrained--|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |
306 Soil Survey of

Table 17c.--Water Management--Continued

_______________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Sprinkler

 and soil name | irrigation _________________________

 | Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | _______________________________________________

 | |

747A: | |

 Milford, drained----|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

802D: | |

 Orthents, loamy-----|Very limited |

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Droughtiness |1.00

 | Slope |0.98

809F: | |

 Orthents, loamy- | |

 skeletal-----------|Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00

 | Water erosion |1.00

 | Droughtiness |1.00

 | |

864, 865: | |

 Pits----------------|Not rated |

 | |

1107A: | |

 Sawmill, undrained--|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

3107A: | |

 Sawmill-------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

3183A: | |

 Shaffton------------|Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

3405A: | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00

 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone |

 | |

8682A: | |

 Medway--------------|Somewhat limited |

 | Droughtiness |0.01

 | | _______________________________________________
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 56B: | | | | | | | | |  Dana------------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 11-32 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 32-58 |Clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |80-90  | 58-80 |Loam, clay loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-98 |80-98 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | |  Harpster--------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam |ML, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 18-41 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 41-56 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 56-60 |Loam, silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-90  | | | | | | | | | 69A: | | | | | | | | |  Milford---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam |ML, CL, MH, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | | | CH | | | | | |  | 14-25 |Silty clay, silty |MH, CH, CL, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | clay loam | ML | | | | | |  | 25-45 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-97 |80-95  | 45-80 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 132A: | | | | | | | | |  Starks----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 9-13 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 13-30 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 30-40 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, SM, CL, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|55-100 | | sandy loam | SC-SM, CL-ML| 2-4, A-2-6 | | | | |  | 40-60 |Stratified loam to |SC, SC-SM, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|45-95  | | sandy clay loam to | SM, CL-ML, | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | CL, ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 134B: | | | | | | | | |  Camden----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 9-14 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 14-22 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-100 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 22-35 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-100 | 35-52 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-90  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 52-80 |Stratified sandy |SC, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|65-95  | | loam to loam to | CL, SC-SM, | 2-4, A-2-6 | | | | |  | | sandy clay loam | SM, ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 136A: | | | | | | | | |  Brooklyn--------| 0-9 |Silt loam |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-14 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-40 |Silty clay loam, |MH, CH, CL |A-7-5, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 40-62 |Clay loam, gravelly |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |75-95 |70-90 |55-90  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 62-73 |Stratified sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|50-95  | | loam to loam | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | 73-80 |Loam |SC-SM, SM, |A-6, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |65-90  | | | SC, CL-ML, | | | | | |  | | | ML, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | |  Proctor---------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 13-25 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 25-45 |Loam, sandy loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|75-10 | | clay loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-60 |Stratified sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|60-99  | | loam to silt loam | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 149A: | | | | | | | | |  Brenton---------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 14-33 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 33-45 |Stratified loam to |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | fine sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 45-54 |Loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 54-80 |Stratified silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | to silt | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | |  Drummer---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam |CL, ML |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 14-41 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 41-47 |Loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 47-60 |Stratified loam |SC, CL, CL- |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|55-95  | | to sandy loam | ML, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 154A: | | | | | | | | |  Flanagan--------| 0-18 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 18-38 |Silty clay loam, |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 38-45 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 45-49 |Silt loam, loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-100|75-90  | 49-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 171B: | | | | | | | | |  Catlin----------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 11-16 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 16-41 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 41-45 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-98 |85-98 |76-95  | 45-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-95 |70-90  | | | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 198A: | | | | | | | | |  Elburn----------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 16-49 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 49-58 |Stratified sandy |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | | loam to silt loam | | | | | | |  | 58-62 |Stratified sandy |SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-85  | | loam to loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 199B: | | | | | | | | |  Plano-----------| 0-15 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 15-45 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 45-55 |Clay loam, loam, |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-97 |55-95  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 55-72 |Stratified loamy |SC-SM, SC, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |45-90  | | sand to clay loam | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 208A: | | | | | | | | |  Sexton----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-12 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-16 |Silty clay loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 16-36 |Silty clay loam, |MH, CH, CL, |A-7-5, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | ML | | | | | |  | 36-45 |Clay loam, gravelly |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |75-95 |70-90 |55-90  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-78 |Stratified sandy |SM, SC-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |94-98 |85-95 |45-85  | | loam to loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 78-90 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 219A: | | | | | | | | |  Millbrook-------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 7-14 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-35 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 35-55 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |81-100|65-99  | | sandy clay loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Sandy loam |CL, ML, CL- |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 | 100 |82-100|66-99  | | | ML, SC, SM | 2-6, A-2-4 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 233B: | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck--------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 4-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 9-54 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 54-60 |Loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |85-100|85-100|70-90  | 60-68 |Loam |CL, SC, SC- |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |85-100|85-100|70-90  | | | SM, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 234A: | | | | | | | | |  Sunbury---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-15 |Silt loam, silty |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 15-36 |Silty clay loam, |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 36-43 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 43-47 |Silt loam, loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-90  | 47-72 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|70-90  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 234B: | | | | | | | | |  Sunbury---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-15 |Silt loam, silty |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 15-36 |Silty clay loam, |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 36-43 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 43-47 |Silt loam, loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-90  | 47-72 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|70-90  | | | | | | | | | 236A: | | | | | | | | |  Sabina----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-43 |Silty clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 43-50 |Clay loam, loam, |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | silt loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 50-80 |Clay loam, loam, |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |70-95  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 242A: | | | | | | | | |  Kendall---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-51 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 51-58 |Loam, clay loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-98 |65-98  | 58-80 |Stratified sandy |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |60-95  | | loam to silt loam | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 244A: | | | | | | | | |  Hartsburg-------| 0-17 |Silty clay loam |CL, ML |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | 17-34 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | | | | | | | | 291B: | | | | | | | | |  Xenia-----------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 4-16 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 16-37 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 37-57 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 57-72 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 322C2: | | | | | | | | |  Russell---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 7-27 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 27-56 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 56-72 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | |  Peotone---------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam |CL, MH, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-100 | 6-28 |Silty clay loam |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-100 | 28-44 |Silty clay loam, |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 44-60 |Silty clay loam |CL, CH |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | | | | | | | | | 344B: | | | | | | | | |  Harvard---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 9-26 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 26-31 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-98 |75-98  | 31-65 |Stratified sandy |SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-98 |51-95  | | loam to loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 348B: | | | | | | | | |  Wingate---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 9-12 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 12-27 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 27-52 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 52-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 353A: | | | | | | | | |  Toronto---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 9-12 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 12-26 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 26-54 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 54-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | | | | | | | 375A: | | | | | | | | |  Rutland---------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 10-47 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |99-100 | | loam, silty clay | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Silty clay, clay |CH, MH, ML, |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |97-100 | | | CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 448C3: | | | | | | | | |  Mona------------| 0-8 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-10 | 8-26 |Clay loam, sandy |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|76-98  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 26-46 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|86-99  | 46-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |96-100|93-100|90-10 | | | | | | | | | 481A: | | | | | | | | |  Raub------------| 0-18 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 18-32 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 32-50 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 50-80 |Loam, clay loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |70-90  | | | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 496A: | | | | | | | | |  Fincastle-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 8-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 11-32 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 32-40 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|70-95  | 40-50 |Clay loam, loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|70-95  | 50-60 |Loam |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |70-90  | | | SC, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 533. | | | | | | | | |  Urban land | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 554A: | | | | | | | | |  Kernan----------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |94-10 | 5-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |94-10 | 12-42 |Silty clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |96-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Silty clay, clay |MH, CH, ML, |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |91-100|91-100|87-10 | | | CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 554B: | | | | | | | | |  Kernan----------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |94-10 | 5-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |94-10 | 12-36 |Silty clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |96-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 36-43 |Silty clay loam, |CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|91-100|86-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Silty clay, clay |MH, CH, ML, |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |93-100|91-100|87-10 | | | CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 570B: | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville----| 0-9 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|70-10 | 9-12 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|70-10 | 12-45 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-10 | | sandy clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-69 |Sandy loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|45-95  | | clay loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 69-80 |Stratified sand |SM, SC-SM, |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|40-95  | | to silt loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 570C2: | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville----| 0-9 |Loam |CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-10 | 9-45 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-10 | | sandy clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-69 |Sandy loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|45-95  | | clay loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 69-80 |Stratified sand |SM, SC-SM, |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|40-95  | | to silt loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 570D2: | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville----| 0-9 |Loam |CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-10 | 9-45 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-10 | | sandy clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-69 |Sandy loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|45-95  | | clay loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 69-80 |Stratified sand |SM, SC-SM, |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |92-100|85-100|40-95  | | to silt loam | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 618C2: | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-98  | 6-12 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 12-27 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 27-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 618D2: | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-98  | 6-15 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 15-28 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 28-34 |Loam, clay loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | 34-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 618F: | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | 11-17 |Silty clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 17-32 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-99 |75-95  | 32-40 |Loam, clay loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | 40-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-99 |70-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 656C2: | | | | | | | | |  Octagon---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|70-10 | 8-37 |Clay loam, loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |83-100|69-10 | | silty clay loam | | | | | | |  | 37-60 |Loam, fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |86-97 |55-96  | | loam | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 663B: | | | | | | | | |  Clare-----------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-36 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 36-44 |Clay loam, silty |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-99 |70-98  | | clay loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 44-60 |Stratified sandy |SC, CL, SC- |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-99 |60-98  | | loam to loam | SM, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 679B: | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 16-47 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 47-62 |Stratified loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|70-99  | | to silt loam | | | | | | |  | 62-70 |Stratified silt loam |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|60-99  | | to loam to sandy | ML, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | loam | SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 722A: | | | | | | | | |  Drummer---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam |CL, ML |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 14-41 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 41-47 |Loam |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 47-60 |Stratified loam |SC, CL, CL- |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|55-95  | | to sandy loam | ML, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 722A: | | | | | | | | |  Milford---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam |ML, CL, MH, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | | | CH | | | | | |  | 14-25 |Silty clay, silty |CH, MH, CL, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | clay loam | ML | | | | | |  | 25-45 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-97 |80-95  | 45-80 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 747A: | | | | | | | | |  Milford, | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 0-19 |Silty clay loam |ML, MH |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | 19-34 |Silty clay, silty |CL, ML, CH, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | clay loam | MH | | | | | |  | 34-61 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-97 |80-95  | 61-80 |Stratified silt |ML, CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|93-100 | | loam to silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Milford, drained| 0-14 |Silty clay loam |ML, CL, MH, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-100 | | | CH | | | | | |  | 14-25 |Silty clay, silty |CH, MH, CL, |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | clay loam | ML | | | | | |  | 25-45 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-97 |80-95  | 45-80 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 802D: | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy | 0-10 |Clay loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | 10-60 |Clay loam, silty |CL, SC |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|85-95  | | clay loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 809F: | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-| | | | | | | | |  skeletal-------| 0-3 |Gravelly loam |SC, SC-SM, SM|A-6, A-4, | 0-2 | 0-3 |75-95 |50-75 |40-70  | | | |A-2-6, A-2-4 | | | | |  | 3-60 |Very channery loam, |SC, SC-SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-5 |15-25 |75-95 |25-65 |20-55  | | very channery |SM, SW-SM |A-2-6, A-4, | | | | |  | | sandy clay loam, | |A-6 | | | | |  | | very channery clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 864, 865. | | | | | | | | |  Pits | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1107A: | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill, | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 0-29 |Silty clay loam |CL, ML |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 29-38 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | 38-60 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3107A: | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam |CL, ML |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 10-32 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|95-10 | 32-58 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | 58-65 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3183A: | | | | | | | | |  Shaffton--------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |89-10 | 11-46 |Loam, clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |89-99  | 46-62 |Sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|75-94  | 62-75 |Stratified loamy |SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|78-96  | | sand to sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3405A: | | | | | | | | |  Zook------------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam |MH, CH, CL |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-55 |Silty clay, silty |MH, CH |A-7-6, A-7-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 55-60 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-7-6, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 8682A: | | | | | | | | |  Medway----------| 0-19 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-92  | 19-33 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |92-100|83-99  | 33-56 |Sandy loam |SC, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |96-100|79-100|56-90  | 56-60 |Stratified loam to |CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |96-100|71-100|70-95  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "W

 apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 56B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dana----------------| 0-11 | 2-15| 58-80| 18-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 11-32 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 32-58 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .32 |  | 58-80 | 20-45| 25-50| 15-30|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Harpster------------| 0-18 | 2-15| 50-71| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 3.5-6.0 | .24 |  | 18-41 | 2-15| 50-71| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.8-1.5 | .37 |  | 41-56 | 2-30| 58-83| 15-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 56-60 | 30-50| 28-55| 15-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 69A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Milford-------------| 0-14 | 1-15| 45-64| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 4.5-6.0 | .24 |  | 14-25 | 3-15| 40-62| 35-45|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 25-45 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 45-80 | 15-30| 50-65| 20-27|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 132A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Starks--------------| 0-9 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 9-13 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 13-30 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 30-40 | 45-65| 15-35| 10-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .24 |  | 40-60 | 45-70| 10-35| 5-20|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 134B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Camden--------------| 0-9 | 2-7 | 66-83| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 9-14 | 2-7 | 66-83| 15-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .55 |  | 14-22 | 2-7 | 66-76| 22-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | 22-35 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 35-52 | 25-54| 28-50| 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 52-80 | 45-65| 25-45| 10-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.08-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 136A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Brooklyn------------| 0-9 | 2-14| 65-82| 15-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-14 | 2-15| 71-82| 14-22|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .55 |  | 14-40 | 0-10| 47-63| 35-45|1.30-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.8 | .37 |  | 40-62 | 20-44| 23-52| 27-40|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 62-73 | 29-61| 28-44| 10-27|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | 73-80 | 24-54| 29-50| 10-27|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Proctor-------------| 0-13 | 1-9 | 64-71| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 13-25 | 1-9 | 56-74| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 25-45 | 20-55| 23-50| 18-32|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 45-60 | 30-50| 35-55| 5-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 149A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Brenton-------------| 0-14 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 14-33 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.8-1.5 | .32 |  | 33-45 | 40-55| 30-45| 15-27|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-54 | 30-50| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 54-80 | 2-20| 60-93| 5-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .55 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Drummer-------------| 0-14 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .24 |  | 14-41 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.8-2.0 | .37 |  | 41-47 | 25-45| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 45-65| 25-45| 10-20|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 154A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Flanagan------------| 0-18 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 18-38 | 2-7 | 53-63| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.8 | .37 |  | 38-45 | 3-15| 50-72| 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 45-49 | 15-30| 45-65| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 49-60 | 30-50| 28-50| 10-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 171B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Catlin--------------| 0-11 | 1-7 | 66-81| 18-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-16 | 1-7 | 58-72| 27-35|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .32 |  | 16-41 | 2-8 | 58-70| 27-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 41-45 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 45-60 | 30-40| 33-50| 15-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 198A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Elburn--------------| 0-16 | 2-7 | 66-76| 22-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 16-49 | 2-7 | 58-73| 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 49-58 | 30-55| 30-55| 15-20|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 58-62 | 60-80| 10-25| 5-15|1.50-1.70| 2-6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 199B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Plano---------------| 0-15 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 15-45 | 0-10| 55-80| 20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 45-55 | 20-55| 30-50| 15-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 55-72 | 45-65| 18-43| 10-20|1.50-1.70| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 208A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sexton--------------| 0-8 | 2-14| 65-82| 15-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.8-1.5 | .43 |  | 8-12 | 2-15| 71-82| 14-22|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .55 |  | 12-16 | 2-15| 50-82| 15-35|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .49 |  | 16-36 | 0-10| 47-63| 35-45|1.30-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 36-45 | 20-44| 23-52| 27-40|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 45-78 | 70-85| 5-22| 5-14|1.55-1.75| 2-6 |0.07-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .15 |  | 78-90 | 15-30| 50-65| 20-27|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 219A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Millbrook-----------| 0-7 | 1-10| 71-87| 12-20|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-3.0 | .37 |  | 7-14 | 2-9 | 72-85| 12-20|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 0.3-1.5 | .55 |  | 14-35 | 1-10| 57-77| 20-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .43 |  | 35-55 | 35-53| 16-42| 21-33|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | 55-80 | 55-69| 11-32| 12-20|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 233B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck------------| 0-4 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 4-9 | 2-7 | 66-83| 15-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.3-1.0 | .49 |  | 9-54 | 2-7 | 58-71| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 54-60 | 30-50| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 60-68 | 30-50| 28-50| 17-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 234A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sunbury-------------| 0-8 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-15 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-30|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 15-36 | 2-7 | 53-63| 35-42|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 36-43 | 3-15| 50-72| 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 43-47 | 15-30| 45-65| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 47-72 | 30-45| 28-50| 20-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 234B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sunbury-------------| 0-8 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-15 | 2-7 | 66-78| 20-30|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 15-36 | 2-7 | 53-63| 35-42|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 36-43 | 3-15| 50-72| 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 43-47 | 15-30| 45-65| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 47-72 | 30-45| 28-50| 20-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 236A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sabina--------------| 0-8 | 2-10| 63-78| 20-27|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 8-12 | 2-10| 65-80| 18-25|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .55 |  | 12-43 | 2-10| 48-63| 35-42|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .37 |  | 43-50 | 15-35| 30-65| 20-35|1.50-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-80 | 20-40| 28-65| 15-32|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 242A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kendall-------------| 0-7 | 0-10| 65-86| 14-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 7-11 | 0-10| 65-86| 14-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .49 |  | 11-51 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 51-58 | 30-50| 33-50| 15-27|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 58-80 | 30-55| 25-50| 10-20|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 244A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Hartsburg-----------| 0-17 | 2-7 | 58-71| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-6.0 | .24 |  | 17-34 | 2-7 | 58-71| 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 34-60 | 3-15| 66-82| 15-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .49 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 291B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Xenia---------------| 0-4 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 4-16 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 16-37 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 37-57 | 20-40| 25-53| 24-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | 57-72 | 30-50| 30-50| 12-20|1.65-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 322C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Russell-------------| 0-7 | 3-15| 58-77| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 7-27 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | 27-56 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | 56-72 | 30-50| 28-50| 10-27|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Peotone-------------| 0-6 | 2-7 | 53-63| 35-40|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .24 |  | 6-28 | 2-7 | 53-63| 35-40|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 28-44 | 3-15| 53-62| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .32 |  | 44-60 | 3-15| 53-70| 27-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.17| 3.0-8.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 344B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Harvard-------------| 0-9 | 2-15| 65-82| 14-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .37 |  | 9-26 | 1-13| 56-72| 27-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 0.3-1.5 | .37 |  | 26-31 | 25-45| 30-57| 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .28 |  | 31-65 | 65-75| 10-27| 5-15|1.50-1.70| 2-6 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .20 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 348B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Wingate-------------| 0-9 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-12 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 |  | 12-27 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 27-52 | 20-40| 25-53| 24-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 52-60 | 30-50| 28-50| 15-22|1.75-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 353A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Toronto-------------| 0-9 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-12 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 |  | 12-26 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 26-54 | 20-40| 25-53| 24-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 54-60 | 30-45| 28-50| 15-27|1.75-1.95| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 375A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rutland-------------| 0-10 | 2-12| 64-75| 22-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 10-47 | 2-10| 53-62| 35-45|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 47-80 | 1-9 | 39-54| 40-59|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 448C3: | | | | | | | | | | |  Mona----------------| 0-8 | 30-50| 30-50| 18-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.5 | .32 |  | 8-26 | 31-49| 25-43| 25-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.14| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.5 | .28 |  | 26-46 | 10-19| 45-55| 30-40|1.55-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.07-0.11| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 46-80 | 3-7 | 44-54| 40-50|1.65-1.85| 0.06-0.2 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 481A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Raub----------------| 0-18 | 2-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 18-32 | 2-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 32-50 | 20-35| 30-53| 26-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-80 | 30-50| 28-50| 20-30|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 496A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Fincastle-----------| 0-8 | 2-7 | 66-83| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 8-11 | 3-15| 58-82| 15-27|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .55 |  | 11-32 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 32-40 | 20-40| 28-53| 27-32|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 40-50 | 25-40| 32-53| 18-28|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-60 | 30-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.75-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 533. | | | | | | | | | | |  Urban land | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 554A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kernan--------------| 0-5 | 2-15| 70-86| 10-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 5-12 | 2-16| 61-78| 18-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.3-2.0 | .43 |  | 12-42 | 1-14| 52-63| 35-42|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 42-80 | 2-12| 35-57| 40-55|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 554B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kernan--------------| 0-5 | 2-15| 70-86| 10-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 5-12 | 2-16| 61-78| 18-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.3-2.0 | .43 |  | 12-36 | 1-14| 52-63| 35-42|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 36-43 | 1-16| 46-63| 35-45|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 43-80 | 2-12| 35-57| 40-55|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 570B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville--------| 0-9 | 12-40| 50-79| 8-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .37 |  | 9-12 | 12-40| 50-79| 8-20|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .55 |  | 12-45 | 20-50| 20-50| 20-33|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-69 | 26-60| 17-50| 15-25|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | 69-80 | 55-75| 12-35| 5-15|1.55-1.75| 2-6 |0.09-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 570C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville--------| 0-9 | 30-50| 35-50| 12-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 9-45 | 20-50| 20-50| 20-33|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-69 | 26-60| 17-50| 15-25|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | 69-80 | 55-75| 12-35| 5-15|1.55-1.75| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 570D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville--------| 0-9 | 30-50| 35-50| 12-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 9-45 | 20-50| 20-50| 20-33|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.15| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-69 | 26-60| 17-50| 15-25|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .32 |  | 69-80 | 55-75| 12-35| 5-15|1.55-1.75| 0.6-6 |0.09-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 618C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine----------| 0-6 | 15-20| 53-65| 20-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 6-12 | 15-21| 45-58| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 12-27 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 27-60 | 30-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 618D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine----------| 0-6 | 15-20| 53-65| 20-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .43 |  | 6-15 | 15-21| 45-58| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 15-28 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 28-34 | 30-50| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .28 |  | 34-60 | 30-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 618F: | | | | | | | | | | |  Senachwine----------| 0-11 | 15-40| 50-72| 10-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .37 |  | 11-17 | 15-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 17-32 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | 32-40 | 30-50| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 40-60 | 30-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.65-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 656C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Octagon-------------| 0-8 | 15-40| 50-70| 10-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .32 |  | 8-37 | 15-50| 30-50| 18-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .28 |  | 37-60 | 40-60| 25-44| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.3 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 663B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Clare---------------| 0-14 | 2-15| 63-80| 18-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-4.0 | .28 |  | 14-36 | 1-10| 55-74| 25-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 36-44 | 15-45| 23-58| 20-32|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 44-60 | 40-60| 25-45| 10-20|1.50-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 679B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry----------| 0-16 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 16-47 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 47-62 | 30-50| 35-55| 15-25|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 62-70 | 30-50| 35-55| 5-20|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 722A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Drummer-------------| 0-14 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .24 |  | 14-41 | 3-15| 50-70| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 41-47 | 25-45| 28-50| 20-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 45-65| 25-45| 10-20|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Milford-------------| 0-14 | 2-15| 45-63| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.5-6.0 | .24 |  | 14-25 | 3-15| 40-62| 35-45|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 25-45 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 45-80 | 15-30| 50-65| 20-27|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 747A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Milford, undrained--| 0-19 | 1-15| 45-64| 35-40|1.00-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-15 | .20 |  | 19-34 | 3-15| 40-62| 35-45|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | 34-61 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.8 | .37 |  | 61-80 | 2-25| 50-65| 25-45|1.65-1.80|0.0015-0.06|0.09-0.13| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | |  Milford, drained----| 0-14 | 1-15| 45-64| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 4.5-6.0 | .24 |  | 14-25 | 3-15| 40-62| 35-45|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 25-45 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.8 | .37 |  | 45-80 | 15-30| 50-65| 20-27|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 802D: | | | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-----| 0-10 | 20-45| 20-53| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 10-60 | 15-50| 20-63| 22-30|1.40-1.75| 0.06-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 809F: | | | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy- | | | | | | | | | | |  skeletal-----------| 0-3 | 30-52| 28-50| 15-27|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 3-60 | 20-52| 20-50| 15-30|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 864, 865. | | | | | | | | | | |  Pits | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 1107A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill, undrained--| 0-29 | 3-15| 58-70| 27-35|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .28 |  | 29-38 | 3-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .32 |  | 38-60 | 4-25| 40-70| 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.8-3.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3107A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill-------------| 0-10 | 3-15| 58-70| 27-35|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .28 |  | 10-32 | 3-15| 58-70| 27-35|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 4.5-7.0 | .28 |  | 32-58 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 1.5-3.5 | .32 |  | 58-65 | 5-25| 40-70| 25-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.8-3.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3183A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Shaffton------------| 0-11 | 15-31| 50-68| 15-25|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .32 |  | 11-46 | 20-40| 33-56| 21-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 46-62 | 57-70| 17-34| 5-15|1.55-1.75| 2-6 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 62-75 | 66-80| 14-27| 2-10|1.55-1.75| 2-6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-0.8 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3405A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Zook----------------| 0-8 | 0-15| 45-65| 35-40|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 8-55 | 0-15| 40-64| 36-45|1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 55-60 | 0-15| 40-80| 20-45|1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 8682A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Medway--------------| 0-19 | 35-44| 35-46| 15-24|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .24 |  | 19-33 | 36-45| 34-43| 16-25|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-3.0 | .32 |  | 33-56 | 54-65| 17-32| 11-19|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 |  | 56-60 | 40-54| 33-46| 11-20|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.3-0.9 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
326 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated)

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana-----------------| 0-11 | 17-26 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |3.0-5.0

 | 11-32 | 17-23 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 32-58 | 14-19 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.8

 | 58-80 | 6.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster-------------| 0-18 | 27-40 | --- | 7.9-8.4 | 15-40 |3.5-6.0

 | 18-41 | 18-27 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40 |0.8-1.5

 | 41-56 | 9.0-23 | --- | 7.9-8.4 | 5-40 |0.5-1.0

 | 56-60 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.9-8.4 | 10-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford--------------| 0-14 | 22-38 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-6.0

 | 14-25 | 15-30 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |1.0-2.0

 | 25-45 | 13-24 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 |0.2-0.5

 | 45-80 | 4.0-16 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks---------------| 0-9 | 14-24 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 9-13 | 12-20 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 13-30 | --- | 13-18 | 4.5-6.5 | 0 |0.2-0.8

 | 30-40 | 8.3-18 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 40-60 | 2.0-19 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden---------------| 0-9 | 11-29 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 9-14 | 9.0-24 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 14-22 | 10-25 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 22-35 | 16-29 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 35-52 | 9.0-19 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 52-80 | 6.0-14 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-25 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn-------------| 0-9 | 11-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |3.0-4.0

 | 9-14 | 6.6-15 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.2-1.0

 | 14-40 | 22-37 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.8

 | 40-62 | 11-25 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 62-73 | 3.6-17 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.3

 | 73-80 | 3.6-17 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor--------------| 0-13 | 15-24 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 13-25 | 16-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-2.0

 | 25-45 | 15-23 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.8

 | 45-60 | 4.0-12 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton--------------| 0-14 | 16-32 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 14-33 | 18-27 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0 |0.8-1.5

 | 33-45 | 5.0-16 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.5

 | 45-54 | 9.0-19 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 54-80 | 3.0-16 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer--------------| 0-14 | 27-40 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 14-41 | 17-31 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.8-2.0

 | 41-47 | 9.0-19 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 47-60 | 6.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 327

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan-------------| 0-18 | 16-32 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 18-38 | 22-35 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.8

 | 38-45 | 16-27 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-49 | 6.0-18 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 |0.1-0.5

 | 49-60 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin---------------| 0-11 | 14-30 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |2.5-4.0

 | 11-16 | 23-36 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 16-41 | 17-31 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 41-45 | 11-22 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-60 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn---------------| 0-16 | 16-32 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 16-49 | 17-31 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 49-58 | 6.0-13 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 58-62 | 2.0-10 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano----------------| 0-15 | 17-26 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |3.0-5.0

 | 15-45 | 13-26 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.2-1.0

 | 45-55 | 6.0-19 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 55-72 | 6.0-13 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton---------------| 0-8 | 10-18 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.8-1.5

 | 8-12 | 6.6-15 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.2-1.0

 | 12-16 | 5.1-18 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 16-36 | --- | 18-32 | 4.5-6.5 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 36-45 | --- | 15-28 | 5.1-6.5 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-78 | --- | 3.0-11 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.3

 | 78-90 | 3.7-12 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook------------| 0-7 | 10-23 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.0

 | 7-14 | 8.0-19 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.3-1.5

 | 14-35 | 12-29 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 |0.2-1.0

 | 35-55 | 9.0-26 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 55-80 | 5.0-13 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck-------------| 0-4 | 13-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 4-9 | --- | 7.9-14 | 4.5-6.5 | 0 |0.3-1.0

 | 9-54 | --- | 13-17 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.5

 | 54-60 | 7.0-17 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 60-68 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury--------------| 0-8 | 18-29 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 8-15 | 11-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 15-36 | 22-35 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 36-43 | 16-27 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 43-47 | 8.0-18 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 |0.1-0.5

 | 47-72 | 8.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |
328 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury--------------| 0-8 | 18-29 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 8-15 | 11-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 15-36 | 22-35 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 36-43 | 16-27 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 43-47 | 8.0-18 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 |0.1-0.5

 | 47-72 | 8.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina---------------| 0-8 | 14-26 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 8-12 | 6.0-17 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 12-43 | 6.0-27 | --- | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 43-50 | 3.7-18 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 50-80 | 2.9-17 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-25 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall--------------| 0-7 | 10-26 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 7-11 | 8.0-20 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 11-51 | --- | 13-17 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 51-58 | 9.0-19 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | 58-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 0-20 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg------------| 0-17 | 27-40 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |4.5-6.0

 | 17-34 | 17-31 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 |0.5-2.0

 | 34-60 | 9.0-23 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia----------------| 0-4 | 14-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 4-16 | 12-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 16-37 | 18-27 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.8

 | 37-57 | 11-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 57-72 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell--------------| 0-7 | 13-24 | --- | 5.6-6.5 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 7-27 | --- | 13-17 | 4.5-5.5 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 27-56 | 11-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 56-72 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone--------------| 0-6 | 30-38 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 6-28 | 30-38 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0 |4.0-6.0

 | 28-44 | 29-40 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 44-60 | 15-35 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 |0.1-1.0

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard--------------| 0-9 | 11-27 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 9-26 | 17-29 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.3-1.5

 | 26-31 | 8.0-22 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-3 |0.2-0.5

 | 31-65 | 2.0-10 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate--------------| 0-9 | 14-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 9-12 | 12-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-2.0

 | 12-27 | 18-27 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.8

 | 27-52 | 11-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 52-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 329

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto--------------| 0-9 | 14-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 9-12 | 12-22 | --- | 5.1-6.0 | 0 |0.5-2.0

 | 12-26 | --- | 13-18 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.8

 | 26-54 | 11-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 54-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland--------------| 0-10 | 22-28 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 10-47 | 21-31 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 |0.5-1.5

 | 47-80 | 12-22 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona-----------------| 0-8 | 15-23 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.5

 | 8-26 | 15-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.2-1.5

 | 26-46 | 24-31 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 10-30 |0.2-0.5

 | 46-80 | 24-31 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub-----------------| 0-18 | 16-32 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 18-32 | 18-27 | --- | 5.1-6.5 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 32-50 | 12-24 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 50-80 | 4.0-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle------------| 0-8 | 13-22 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 8-11 | --- | 7.6-14 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 11-32 | --- | 13-18 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 32-40 | 20-25 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 40-50 | 14-22 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 50-60 | 7.6-16 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

533. | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan---------------| 0-5 | 7.8-19 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 5-12 | 8.7-23 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.3-2.0

 | 12-42 | 13-21 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.2-0.5

 | 42-80 | 6.7-23 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan---------------| 0-5 | 7.8-19 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 5-12 | 8.7-23 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.3-2.0

 | 12-36 | --- | 20-28 | 5.1-6.0 | 0 |0.2-0.5

 | 36-43 | 13-23 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 43-80 | 6.7-23 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville---------| 0-9 | 6.0-16 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-3.0

 | 9-12 | --- | 2.1-7.7 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-1.0

 | 12-45 | 10-18 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-69 | 7.8-13 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.3

 | 69-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 |0.1-0.2

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville---------| 0-9 | 8.0-14 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.0

 | 9-45 | 8.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-69 | 6.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.3

 | 69-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 |0.1-0.2

 | | | | | |
330 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville---------| 0-9 | 8.0-14 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.0

 | 9-45 | 8.0-18 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-69 | 6.0-15 | --- | 5.1-7.8 | 0 |0.1-0.3

 | 69-80 | 3.0-10 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-45 |0.1-0.2

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-----------| 0-6 | 14-27 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 6-12 | 12-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 12-27 | 11-22 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 27-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-----------| 0-6 | 14-27 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 6-15 | 12-24 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 15-28 | 11-22 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 28-34 | 9.0-19 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 34-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-----------| 0-11 | 8.0-19 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.0-2.5

 | 11-17 | 12-24 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 17-32 | 11-22 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.1-0.5

 | 32-40 | 9.0-19 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0-5 |0.1-0.5

 | 40-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon--------------| 0-8 | 6.0-16 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 8-37 | 7.0-25 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.2-2.0

 | 37-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35 |0.1-0.3

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare----------------| 0-14 | 17-26 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0 |2.5-4.0

 | 14-36 | 16-25 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 36-44 | 11-21 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 44-60 | 6.0-16 | --- | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry-----------| 0-16 | 17-26 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |3.0-5.0

 | 16-47 | 15-23 | --- | 5.1-7.3 | 0 |0.2-1.0

 | 47-62 | 9.0-22 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-10 |0.1-0.5

 | 62-70 | 3.0-19 | --- | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer--------------| 0-14 | 27-40 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 14-41 | 17-31 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |0.5-2.0

 | 41-47 | 9.0-19 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.2-0.5

 | 47-60 | 4.0-13 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

 Milford--------------| 0-14 | 29-33 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-6.0

 | 14-25 | 27-35 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |1.0-2.0

 | 25-45 | 20-27 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | 45-80 | 6.0-16 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained---| 0-19 | 30-50 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |5.0-15

 | 19-34 | 15-30 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |0.5-2.0

 | 34-61 | 13-24 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 |0.2-0.8

 | 61-80 | 13-24 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 331

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- |Effective| Soil |Calcium|Organic

 and soil name | |exchange | cation- |reaction |carbon-| matter

 | |capacity |exchange | | ate |

 | | |capacity | | | ______________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, drained-----| 0-14 | 22-38 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-6.0

 | 14-25 | 15-30 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |1.0-2.0

 | 25-45 | 13-24 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 |0.1-0.8

 | 45-80 | 4.0-16 | --- | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 |0.1-0.5

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy------| 0-10 | 14-22 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0-10 |0.5-2.0

 | 10-60 | 11-17 | --- | 5.6-7.8 | 0-20 |0.0-0.5

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal------------| 0-3 | --- | 4.0-8.5 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 3-60 | --- | 1.1-5.0 | 3.5-5.5 | 0 |0.0-0.2

 | | | | | |

864, 865. | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained---| 0-29 | 23-36 | --- | 6.6-7.3 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 29-38 | 18-34 | --- | 6.6-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 38-60 | 18-34 | --- | 6.6-7.3 | 0-5 |0.8-3.5

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill--------------| 0-10 | 23-36 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 10-32 | 23-36 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |4.5-7.0

 | 32-58 | 18-34 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0 |1.5-3.5

 | 58-65 | 18-34 | --- | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 |0.8-3.5

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton-------------| 0-11 | 13-28 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 11-46 | 14-27 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |0.5-1.5

 | 46-62 | 5.0-17 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 62-75 | 2.0-11 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |0.5-0.8

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook-----------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | --- | 5.6-7.3 | 0 |4.0-5.0

 | 8-55 | 36-41 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |2.0-4.0

 | 55-60 | 30-36 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway---------------| 0-19 | 16-29 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |3.5-5.0

 | 19-33 | 13-26 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |1.5-3.0

 | 33-56 | 8.0-18 | --- | 6.1-7.3 | 0 |0.5-1.0

 | 56-60 | 7.0-18 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | 0 |0.3-0.9

 | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________
332 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of ponding and flooding apply

 to the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a

 concern or that data were not estimated)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ponding | Flooding | | Water table ___________________________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency |Months | Upper | Lower | Kind of

 and soil name |logic | water | | | | | | limit | limit | water

 |group | depth | | | | | | | | table _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ft | | | | | | Ft | Ft |

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana---------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster-----------| B |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford------------| C/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Starks-------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Camden-------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brooklyn-----------| C/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0|5.0-6.7|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brenton------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer------------| B/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flanagan-----------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.7-5.4|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin-------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.7-5.4|Perched

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elburn-------------| B | --- | --- | --- | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Plano--------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sexton-------------| C/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 333

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ponding | Flooding | | Water table ___________________________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency |Months | Upper | Lower | Kind of

 and soil name |logic | water | | | | | | limit | limit | water

 |group | depth | | | | | | | | table _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ft | | | | | | Ft | Ft |

 | | | | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millbrook----------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck-----------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.3-5.8|Perched

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunbury------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.7-5.4|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sunbury------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.7-5.4|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sabina-------------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|3.7-6.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kendall------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hartsburg----------| B/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Xenia--------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.5-2.5|2.5-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Russell------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone------------| C/D |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-Jun|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jul-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harvard------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|1.5-3.0|2.4-4.6|Perched

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toronto------------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|3.3-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland------------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.5|3.3-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mona---------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|2.5-4.2|Perched

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |
334 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ponding | Flooding | | Water table ___________________________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency |Months | Upper | Lower | Kind of

 and soil name |logic | water | | | | | | limit | limit | water

 |group | depth | | | | | | | | table _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ft | | | | | | Ft | Ft |

 | | | | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raub---------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.3-5.8|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fincastle----------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.3-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

533. | | | | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kernan-------------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|3.3-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kernan-------------| C | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|3.3-5.0|Perched

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville-------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville-------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville-------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine---------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine---------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Senachwine---------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|1.5-4.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare--------------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry---------| B | --- | --- | None | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer------------| B/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford------------| C/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 335

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ponding | Flooding | | Water table ___________________________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency |Months | Upper | Lower | Kind of

 and soil name |logic | water | | | | | | limit | limit | water

 |group | depth | | | | | | | | table _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Ft | | | | | | Ft | Ft |

 | | | | | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained | D |0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-Dec|0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford, drained---| C |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy----| B | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|3.3-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | | | | | |

 skeletal----------| B | --- | --- | --- | --- | None |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

864, 865. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | | | | | |

Sawmill, undrained--| D |0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | Long | Frequent |Jan-Jun|0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jul-Oct|3.5-5.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Nov-Dec|0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sawmill------------| B/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shaffton-----------| B | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook---------------| C/D |0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Medway-------------| B | --- | --- | None | Brief |Occasional| Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |Feb-Apr|1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent

 | | | | | | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
336 Soil Survey of

Table 22.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the

 feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________| Potential |________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness |frost action| steel | Concrete __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | | | |

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana-------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

132A: | | | | | |

 Starks-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

134B: | | | | | |

 Camden-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

136A: | | | | | |

 Brooklyn---------------|Dense material| 60-100|Noncemented |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

199B: | | | | | |

 Plano------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

208A: | | | | | |

 Sexton-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

234A: | | | | | |

 Sunbury----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

234B: | | | | | |

 Sunbury----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina-----------------|Dense material| 48-80 |Noncemented |High |High |High

 | | | | | |
Douglas County, Illinois 337

Table 22.--Soil Features--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________| Potential |________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness |frost action| steel | Concrete __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | | | |

 | | | | | |

242A: | | | | | |

 Kendall----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

244A: | | | | | |

 Hartsburg--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

291B: | | | | | |

 Xenia------------------|Dense material| 40-60 |Noncemented |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

322C2: | | | | | |

 Russell----------------|Dense material| 40-60 |Noncemented |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

353A: | | | | | |

 Toronto----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Dense material| 40-60 |Noncemented |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | |

448C3: | | | | | |

 Mona-------------------|Dense material| 30-54 |Noncemented |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub-------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

496A: | | | | | |

 Fincastle--------------|Dense material| 40-70 |Noncemented |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

533. | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

554A: | | | | | |

 Kernan-----------------|Dense material| 40-60 |Noncemented |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

554B: | | | | | |

 Kernan-----------------|Dense material| 40-60 |Noncemented |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

570B: | | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

570D2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

618C2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

618D2: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

618F: | | | | | |

 Senachwine-------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |
338 Soil Survey of

Table 22.--Soil Features--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________| Potential |________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness |frost action| steel | Concrete __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | | | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon----------------|Dense material| 30-60 |Noncemented |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

722A: | | | | | |

 Drummer----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

 Milford----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

747A: | | | | | |

 Milford, undrained-----|Dense material| 40-80 |Noncemented |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

 Milford, drained-------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

802D: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

809F: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy- | | | | | |

 skeletal--------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | |

864, 865. | | | | | |

 Pits | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill, undrained-----| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

3183A: | | | | | |

 Shaffton---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook-------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

8682A: | | | | | |

 Medway-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Douglas County, Illinois 339

Table 23.--Engineering Index Test Data

(MAX means maximum dry density; OPT, optimum moisture; LL, liquid limit; PI, plasticity index; and UN,

 Unified)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Soil name and | Horizon | Depth | Moisture | Percentage passing | LL | PI | Classification

 location | | | density | sieve--* | | | _____________________________________ ___________________

 | | | MAX | OPT | No. | No. | No. | No. | | | AASHTO | UN

 | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

Milford silty clay | A1 | 7-15 | 101 | 18 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 86 | 43 | 22 | A-7-6 | CL

 loam, wet | B22g | 23-30 | 105 | 19 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 89 | 45 | 23 | A-7-6 | CL

 NW1/4,NW1/4,NE1/4 | (Btg2) | | | | | | | | | | |

 sec. 26, T. 15 N., | 2C1 | 43-52 | 113 | 16 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 82 | 34 | 15 | A-6 | CL

 R. 9 E. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Analysis according to AASHTO designation T88. Results by this procedure frequently differ somewhat

from those obtained by the soil survey procedure of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).
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