1

Appendix 11: 

 Environmental Risk Screen
Table 1 – PB-HAP Benchmarks Included in the Environmental Risk Screen 

Eco HAP Assessment Endpoint 

Benchmark Effects Level Benchmark V

Cadmium Fish - Avian Piscivores NOAEL (merganser) 0.7 (mg/kg BW/day) Cadmium Fish - Avian Piscivores LOAEL (merganser) 1 (mg/kg BW/day) Cadmium Fish - Mammalian Piscivores NOAEL (mink) 0.742 (mg/kg BW/daCadmium Fish - Mammalian Piscivores LOAEL (mink) 7.42 (mg/kg BW/dayCadmium Sediment Community No-effect Level 0.6 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Sediment Community Threshold Level 1.2 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Sediment Community Probable-effect Level 3.5 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.36 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m 

Threshold - Avian Ground Insectivores (woodcock) 0.77 (mg/kg dry wt) 

Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 32 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 140 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.36 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m 

Threshold - Avian Ground Insectivores (woodcock) 0.77 (mg/kg dry wt) 

Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 32 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 140 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.36 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m 

Threshold - Avian Ground Insectivores (woodcock) 0.77 (mg/kg dry wt) 

Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 32 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 140 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.36 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m 

Threshold - Avian Ground Insectivores (woodcock) 0.77 (mg/kg dry wt) 

Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 32 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 140 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.36 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m 

Threshold - Avian Ground Insectivores (woodcock) 0.77 (mg/kg dry wt) 

Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 32 (mg/kg dry wt) Cadmium Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 140 (mg/kg dry wt) 
Table 1 – PB-HAP Benchmarks Included in the Environmental Risk Screen 

Eco HAP Assessment Endpoint 

Benchmark Effects Level Benchmark V

Cadmium Water-column Community Threshold Level 0.25 (ug/L) Cadmium Water-column Community Frank-effect Level 2 (ug/L) Dioxin Fish - Avian Piscivores NOAEL (merganser) 0.0000014 (mg/kg BWDioxin Fish - Avian Piscivores LOAEL (merganser) 0.000014 (mg/kg BWDioxin Fish - Mammalian Piscivores NOAEL (mink) 0.000000771 (mg/kg Dioxin Fish - Mammalian Piscivores LOAEL (mink) 0.00000771 (mg/kg BDioxin Sediment Community Threshold Level 0.00000116 (mg/kg dDioxin Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.0000002 (mg/kg drDioxin Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.0000002 (mg/kg drDioxin Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.0000002 (mg/kg drDioxin Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.0000002 (mg/kg drDioxin Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 0.0000002 (mg/kg drDioxin Water-column Community Threshold Level 0.000012 (ug/L) Dioxin Water-column Community Frank-effect Level 0.1 (ug/L) Mercuric Chloride Sediment Community Threshold Level 0.15 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Sediment Community Probable-effect Level 0.7 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 0.3 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 0.3 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 0.3 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 0.3 (mg/kg dry wt) 
Table 1 – PB-HAP Benchmarks Included in the Environmental Risk Screen 

Eco HAP Assessment Endpoint 

Benchmark Effects Level Benchmark V

Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold Level - Plant Community 0.3 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercuric Chloride Water-column Community Threshold Level 0.77 (ug/L) Mercuric Chloride Water-column Community Frank-effect Level 1.4 (ug/L) Mercury (methyl) Fish - Avian Piscivores NOAEL (merganser) 0.013 (mg/kg BW/daMercury (methyl) Fish - Avian Piscivores LOAEL (merganser) 0.078 (mg/kg BW/daMercury (methyl) Fish - Mammalian Piscivores NOAEL (mink) 0.0247 (mg/kg BW/dMercury (methyl) Fish - Mammalian Piscivores LOAEL (mink) 0.123 (mg/kg BW/daMercury (methyl) Sediment Community Threshold Level 0.2 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Sediment Community Probable-effect Level 1 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.67 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.67 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.67 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.67 (mg/kg dry wt) Mercury (methyl) Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold Level - Invertebrate Community 0.67 (mg/kg dry wt) 
Table 1 – PB-HAP Benchmarks Included in the Environmental Risk Screen 

Eco HAP Assessment Endpoint 

Benchmark Effects Level Benchmark V

Mercury (methyl) Water-column Community Threshold Level 0.0028 (ug/L) Mercury (methyl) Water-column Community Frank-effect Level 0.099 (ug/L) PAH Fish - Mammalian Piscivores NOAEL (mink) 0.417 (mg/kg BW/daPAH Fish - Mammalian Piscivores LOAEL (mink) 4.17 (mg/kg BW/dayPAH Sediment Community No-effect Level 0.032 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Sediment Community Threshold Level 0.15 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Sediment Community Probable-effect Level 1.45 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Surface Soil - Dist. 1 - 312 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 1.52 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Surface Soil - Dist. 2 - 850 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 1.52 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Surface Soil - Dist. 3 - 1,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 1.52 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Surface Soil - Dist. 4 - 3,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 1.52 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Surface Soil - Dist. 5 - 7,500 m Threshold - Mammalian Insectivores (shrew) 1.52 (mg/kg dry wt) PAH Water-column Community Threshold Level 0.014 (ug/L) PAH Water-column Community Frank-effect Level 0.24 (ug/L) Lead Ambient Air NAAQS Secondary Standard 0.15 ug/m3 

References: 

a. U.S. EPA OSWER b. Environment Canada c. U.S. EPA OW d. CA DTSC HERD (2009) e. Sample, et. al, 1996 f. U.S. EPA 1995 g. U.S. EPA Region 3, 4, and 5. 

h. U.S. EPA Region i. U.S. EPA Region 4 j. Florida DEP, NOAA k. ORNL and EPA R4, R6 l. MacDonald, et. al. 2000 m. U.S. EPA Region 6 n. NAAQS for Lead, Secondary Standard 
 

Table 2 – Acid Gas Benchmarks Included in the Environmental Risk Screen

a- Note that the human health RfC is 20 μg/m3, which is lower than the ecological benchmark. 

Acid Gas Chronic 90-day Benchmark in μg/m3 

Hydrochloric acid – LOEL 50a

Hydrofluoric acid – Plant Community LOEL 0.5 

Hydrofluoric acid – Plant Community LOEL 0.4