United States District Court

for the

Southern District of Florida

Lezer Corp., Plaintiff,

v.

Noble Partners LLC, dba Noble 

Medical Supply and Sean Grady, 

Defendants.

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

Civil Action No. 20-23235-Civ-Scola

Order Regarding Report and Recommendations on 

Motion for Default Judgment

The Court referred Plaintiff Lezer Corp.’s motion for default judgment (ECF 

No. 25) to United States Magistrate Judge Edwin G. Torres for a report and 

recommendation. Defendants Noble Partners LLC, doing business as Noble 

Medical Supply, and Sean Grady never responded to the motion and Judge 

Torres issued a report and recommendation, recommending that the Court grant 

the motion in part and deny it part. (Rep. & Rec., ECF No. 28.) Lezer thereafter

objected to Judge Torres’s report, in part. (Pl.’s Objs., ECF No. 29.) After careful 

review, the Court overrules Lezer’s objections (ECF No. 29) and largely adopts

Judge Torres’s report and recommendation (ECF No. 28), thus granting Lezer’s 

motion in part and denying it in part (ECF No. 25). 

In its amended complaint, Lezer sets forth eight claims against the 

Defendants: breach of contract, conversion, fraud, unjust enrichment, piercing 

the corporate veil, civil conspiracy, constructive trust, and civil theft. (Am. 

Compl., ECF No. 8.) The basis for Lezer’s claims stems from the Defendants’ 

declining to return Lezer’s deposit of $108,000 after the Defendants failed to 

deliver 216,000 units of alcohol wipes that they had promised to supply. In its 

motion for default judgment, Lezer seeks $324,000 in damages, $877.30 in 

costs, and $13,654.61 in fees.

In his report, Judge Torres found Lezer’s motion for default judgment 

deficient in multiple ways. Importantly, Judge Torres noted Lezer failed to 

provide “any facts or legal authority” as to how any of its claims rise to the level 

of the damages sought. Despite these shortcomings, Judge Torres nonetheless 

reviewed Lezer’s amended complaint, and concluded that Lezer had sufficiently 

pleaded its breach-of-contract claim, therefore entitling it to its deposit of 

$108,000.

Objecting to Judge Torres’s conclusion that its motion failed to support an

entitlement to relief beyond the $108,000, Lezer points to its earlier filed notice 

Case 1:20-cv-23235-RNS Document 30 Entered on FLSD Docket 12/28/2020 Page 1 of 4
of joint liability (Pl.’s Not. of Jt. Liability, ECF No. 23), which it “incorporated by 

reference” in its motion for default judgment. According to Lezer, Judge Torres 

erred by not taking into account the arguments Lezer presented in that notice 

when he evaluated Lezer’s motion for default judgment. The Court disagrees. 

To begin with, Lezer provides no support for the proposition that a Court 

must sort through a tangentially related filing that a party simply identifies, 

without elaboration, as “incorporated by reference.” Indeed, such an 

arrangement would allow parties to simply “incorporate by reference”

voluminous records, leaving it to a court to sift through and guess which 

arguments or facts presented earlier apply to the matter under review. Although 

the incorporated filing in this case is only five-pages long, the Court does not 

find Judge Torres was obligated to go searching through that document to see if 

anything in it might happen to salvage Lezer’s motion. To expect as much would 

impermissibly shift the burden of a party’s litigation to the court. Further, 

arguments presented in a notice of joint liability would not ordinarily be 

expected to support a motion for default judgment. 

Regardless, the Court has nonetheless reviewed those portions of Lezer’s 

notice of joint liability that it reproduced in its objections. Contrary to Lezer’s 

contention, though, that presentation does not, in any event, convince the Court 

that Lezer’s amended complaint provides a sufficient legal basis for the entry of 

default judgment on anything other than Lezer’s breach-of-contract claim. 

Instead, the Court finds Lezer’s arguments as to its conversion, fraud, 

conspiracy, and civil theft claims conclusory and speculative.

As to Lezer’s conversion and civil theft claims, Lezer has not alleged, as it 

must, facts establishing that its civil theft or conversion claims “go beyond” or 

are “independent from” its breach-of-contract claims. See MTACC LTD. v. CHF 

Corp., 20-22383-CIV, 2020 WL 5578829, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 31, 2020) (Torres, 

J.), report and recommendation adopted, 20-22383-CIV, 2020 WL 5548358 (S.D. 

Fla. Sept. 16, 2020) (Williams, J.). While Lezer recites the elements of civil theft 

and conversion, it fails to articulate “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is 

plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). 

Simply put, without more, “a plaintiff may not circumvent the contractual 

relationship by bringing an action in tort.” Ginsberg v. Lennar Fla. Holdings, Inc., 

645 So. 2d 490, 495 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994).1

Similarly, Lezer has not carried its burden of convincing the Court it has 

pleaded the elements of fraud with the particularity required by Federal Rule of 

Civil Procedure 9(b). Under Rule 9(b), a fraud plaintiff must allege (a) the precise 

1 Without a viable underlying claim for theft or conversion, Lezer’s civil-conspiracy claim fails as 

well.

Case 1:20-cv-23235-RNS Document 30 Entered on FLSD Docket 12/28/2020 Page 2 of 4
statements, documents, or misrepresentations made; (b) the time, place, and 

person responsible for the statement; (c) the content and manner in which these 

statements misled the plaintiffs; and (d) what the defendants gained by the 

alleged fraud. Brooks v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Fla., Inc., 116 F.3d 1364, 

1380–81 (11th Cir. 1997). Again, Lezer’s complaint presents allegations that are 

short on actual facts. For example, Lezer contends “Grady made a false 

statement of material fact when he promised Lezer that Noble would deliver the 

216,000 units of Alcohol Wipes pursuant to the Agreement.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 44.) 

Lezer then further submits “Grady knew that this statement was untrue at the 

time he said it, as he was advancing a criminal enterprise . . . and had no 

intention of delivering the 216,000 Alcohol Wipes.” (Id. ¶ 45.) But these 

assertions amount to mere “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of 

the elements of a cause of action” and simply do not amount to facts supporting

a claim to relief that is “plausible on its face.” See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 544, 

555.

Because of these shortcomings, the Court overrules Lezer’s objections and 

finds Lezer has not carried its burden of establishing its entitlement to judgment 

on its conversion, fraud, civil-conspiracy, and civil-theft claims. And because 

Lezer’s claim for attorney’s fees and costs are based on its civil-theft claim, 

judgment on those claims is denied as well.2

In sum, the Court agrees with Judge Torres that Lezer is entitled to final 

default judgment on its breach-of-contract claim for $108,000 against Grady and 

Noble—indeed, Lezer “takes no issue with the Magistrate Judge’s 

recommendation” in that regard. (Pl.’s Objs. at 2.) Based on the allegations in the 

complaint and Lezer’s notice of joint liability, the Court also finds the Defendants 

jointly and severally liable for the judgment amount.3 But, because the Court 

has evaluated all of the claims in Lezer’s amended complaint, the Court declines 

to adopt Judge Torres’s recommendation that Lezer be afforded leave to file a 

renewed motion for default judgment. Accordingly, consistent with the above, the 

Court adopts Judge Torres’s report and recommendation in large part (ECF No. 

28), overrules Lezer’s objections (ECF No. 29) and grants in part and denies in 

part Lezer’s motion for default judgment (ECF No. 25).

2 Lezer’s claims for unjust enrichment and constructive trust are pleaded in the alternative, only 

in the event the Court were to determine that the contract at issue is unenforceable. Therefore, 

because Lezer is being awarded contract damages, judgment on those claims is denied as well. 3 Lezer also pleaded a standalone claim for piercing the corporate veil. Although the Court finds 

Lezer has adequately alleged a basis to indeed pierce the corporate veil in this case—thus 

resulting in joint and several liability—the Court finds no reason to depart from the general rule 

that “piercing the corporate veil is not an independent cause of action under Florida law.” 

Gumbel v. Scott, 09-60480-CIV, 2010 WL 11505125, at *2 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 6, 2010) (Jordan, J.).

Case 1:20-cv-23235-RNS Document 30 Entered on FLSD Docket 12/28/2020 Page 3 of 4
The Court will enter a separate judgment, under Rule 58, following this 

order. The Clerk is directed to close this case. Any other pending motions are 

denied as moot.

Done and ordered at Miami, Florida, on December 23, 2020.

________________________________

Robert N. Scola, Jr.

United States District Judge

Case 1:20-cv-23235-RNS Document 30 Entered on FLSD Docket 12/28/2020 Page 4 of 4