!

UNITED STATESDISTRICT COURT

SO U TH ER N DISTRICT O F FLO RIDA

CASE NO. 20-mj-03470-AOR

IN RE SEALED COM PLAINT

LatoyaStanleyandJolm nyPlzilus

CRINHNAL COVER SHEET

Didthism atteroriginatefrom amatterpending in the CentralRegion ofthe United States

AtlonAey'sOfficepriortoAugust9,2013(M ag.JudgeAliciaValle)? --.Yes X No

Didthismatteroriginatefrom amatterpendingintheNorthem Region oftheUnited States

Attolmey'sOfficepriortoAugust8,2014(Mag.JudgeShaniekMaynard)? Yes X No

Didthism atteroriginatefrom amatterpending in the CentralRegion ofthe United States

Attorney'sOfficepriortoOctober3,2019(M ag.JudgeJaredStrauss)? Yes X No

Respectfullysubm itted,

A RIAN A FAJARDO O RSH AN

UN ITED STATES AU ORN EY

BY :

LouisM anzo

TrialAttonzey

1400New YorkAve.NW

W ashington,DC

M assBarNumber:688337

Telephone:(202)262-6570

E-mail:louisamanzo@usdoj.gov

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 1 of 13
AO91(Rzv.t'z.'zbf8 CriminalComplaint

UNITED STATESD ISTRICT COURT

forthe

Soutllel-nDistrictofFlorida

llnitetlStategofz'tnlerioa

%'.

LatoyaS'tanley

and

JohnnyPhilus

C'aseNo. 20-mj-03470-AOR

17kLlt,t3(l6t1/4:!)

CIV M INAL COM PLAINT BY 'FELEPHONE OR O THI?R IV LIABLE ELECTRONIC M EANS

1,thecolllplainantinthiscase,statethatthefolosving istlmetotltebestof11).know-ledgeandbelief.

Onoraboutthu(lItets)of Mav2020throuchJulv2020 inthecountyof viami-Dade int1e

Southplp- - - Districtof ylpqida-- .. . - - , thedefendantls)violnted:

Codeivetr/t:ul tlthplz.veDe,s.tpr#lSo/,

18tTSC j1343 Wiro9'CDUd

18t.J.S.C7.-j1()()1

Tlziscl-thninaluumplainlisbasctlunthescfaulsl

SEE ATTACHED AFFIDAVIT.

V' Continuedo1ïtheatachcdshcet.

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Antonio Soto,Sm cialAcentTIGTA

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AttegtedtobytheAppliccntinaccordancewiththel'equirementgofli'ed.R.C..rim.P.4.1by FaceTim e

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Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 2 of 13
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OFA CRIM INAL COM PLAINT

1,AntonioSoto,beingfirstdulyswolnz,state:

AGENT BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Iam aSpecialAgent(&tSA'')withtheUnitedStatesTre%uryInspectorGeneralfor

TaxAdministration(::TIGTA'')atldhavebeensoemployedsinceSeptember2007,Ihavebeen

employedin 1aw enforcementforapproximatelyeighteen (18)years. 1am agraduateofthe

CriminallnvestigatorTrainingProp am attheFederalLaw Enforcem entTraining Center. 1am

cun-entlyassir edtotheSouthem FieldDivisionC&SFD''),Miami,Florida,office.Inthecourse

ofmy1aw enforcem entduties,IhaveinvestigatedcrimesinvolvingwirefraudrelatingtoIntelmal

Revenue Selwice schem es. Ialso have experience investigating and m aking an-ests in cases

involvingfraud,

2. This affidavitismade in supportof a crim inalcomplaintcharging LATOYA

STANLEY andJOHNNY PHILUSwithwirefraud,inviolationof18U.S.C.j1343andfalse

statements,inviolationof18U.S.C.j1001.

Thisaftidavitisbmsed on my personalilwestigation and investigation byothers,

includingfederalandlocal1aw enforcementofricialswhom Iknow tobereliableandtnlstworthy.

'lhefqct.scontainedhereinhavebeenobtainedbyexaminingdocumentsobtainedinthecourseof

theilw estigation,aswellasthroughothermeans.Thisaffidavitdoesnotincludeevel'yfactknown

tom eaboutthisinvestigation,butratheronlythosefactssufficienttoestablislzprobablecause,

OV ERV IEW OF CRIM INA L C O ND UCT

In oraround M arch 2020,the Coronavil-us Aid,Relief,and Economic Security

('LCARES'')wasenacted.Itwasdesi> edtoprovideemergencyfinancialassistancetothemillions

ofAmericanswhoaresufferingtheeconomiceffectscausedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.ln or

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 3 of 13
around M ay and Juneof2020,STANLEY and PHILUS falsely and fraudulently applicd for

PaycheckProtectionProgram (:TPP'')andEconomicInjuryDisasterLoan(:&EIDL'')relief,as

describedinfurtherdetailbelow.

O vexnriew ofDefendantsantlRelevantEntities

5. STANLEY isaresidentofM iami-DadeCounty,Florida.

PHILUSisaresidentofM iami-DadeCounty,Florida.

Dream GurlBeauty Supply,LLC (hereinafter, ltDream Gurl'7) is a Florida

cop orationtlzatwasfirstregisteredwiththeSecretaryofStateofFloridain2011.Accordingto

Florida corporate records,Dream Gurlis registered at 1275 NE 118st,M iam i,Florida,and

STANLEY andPHILUSarebothlistedasCEOsofthecompany.Floridacorporaterecordsshow

thebusinesswasininactivestatusuntilitfiledforreinstatem entonoraboutM ay3,2020.

Elegance Auto Boutique,LLC (hereinaRer, iGElegance Auto'') is a Florida

corporation'thatwasflrstregisteredwiththeSecretaryofStateofFloridain2011,Accordingto

Floridacomoraterecords,PH ILUS isthelisted CEO. 'Flzesamerecordsshow thebusinessis

locatedat1277NE 118thSt,Nliam i,Florida,which isthesam eaddressasPHILUS'Sresidence,

Thebusinesswasininactivestatusuntilitfiledforreinstatem entonoraboutM ay 1,2020.

Bank 1wasafederally insured nationalbank basedin Utah. Bank 1isa Small

BusinessAdministrationC:SBA'')approvedlenderandparticipatedinthePPPasalendertosmall

businesses.

Balzk2wasafederallyinsurednationalbankbasedinNolïhCarolilzawithbranches

nationwide.Bank2isanSBA-approvedlenderandparticipatedinthePPP asalendertosm all

businesses.

2

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 4 of 13
Company 1participatesinthePPP asanon-bank lenderaswellasan entitythat

connectsapplicantswithotherlenders.Sm allbusinessesseekingPPP loanscouldapplythroug,h

Company 1fortheloans.

1,todisbursetheloans.

Company 1subsequently partnerswithvariousbalzks,incltldingBank

Overview ofthePaycheckProtection Prosram

12. Asnotedabove,theCARESActisafederal1aw enactedinoraroundM arch2020

designedtoprovideemergencyfinancialassistancetothemillionsofAmericanswhoaresuffering

theeconom iceffectscausedbytheCOVID-19pandemic. Onesourceofreliefprovidedbythe

CARESActwastheauthorizationofupto$349billion inforgivableloanstosmallbusinessesfor

jobretentionandcertain otherexpenses,throtlghthePPP. ln oraroundApril2020,Conress

authorizedover$300billioninadditionalPPPfunding,

13. In orderto obtain a PPP loan,a qualifying businessmustsubmita PPP loan

application,which is signed by an authorized representative ofthe business. The PPP loan

application requiresthe business(through itsauthorized rçpresentative)to aclmowledge the

program lulesandmakecelain affilnnativecertificationsin ordertobeeligibletoobtainthePPP

loan.InthePPPloanapplication,thesmallbusiness(throughitsauthorizedrepresentative)must

state,amongotherthings,its:(a)averagemonthlypayrollexpenses;and(b)numberofemployees.

Thesefiguresaretlsedlocalculatetheamountofm oneythesmallbusinessiseligibletoreceive

underthePPP.Inaddition,businessesapplyingforaPPP loanmustprovidedocumentationtothe

lendinginstitutionshowingtheirpayrollexpelzses;typically,busilzesseswouldsupplydocument.s

showingtheamountofpayrolltaxesreportedtotheIntem alRevenueService(t&IRS'').

14. A PPP loan applieation m ustbeprocessed by aparticipating lender. Ifa PPP loan

applicationisapproved,thepm-ticipatinglenderfundsthePPPloanusingitsown monies,which

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 5 of 13
are100% guaranteed bytheSBA. Data from theapplication,including infolmlation aboutthe

borrower,thetotalamotmtoftheloan,andthelistednulnberofemployees,istransmittedbythe

lendertotheSBA inthecourseofprocessingtheloan.

PPPloanproceedsmustbeusedbythebusinessoncertainpermissibleexpensespayrollcosts,interestonm ol-tgages,rent,andutilities,ThePPP allowstheinterestandprincipal

onthePPP loantobeentirelyforgiven ifthebusinessspendstheloanproceedsontheseexpense

itemswithinadesignatedperiodoftim eaflerreceivingtheproceedsandusesacel-tainam ountof

thePPPloanproceedsonpayrollexpenses.

Ovenliew oftheEcononticIniurvDisasterLoan Procram

'l'heEIDLprogram isanSBA program thatprovideslow-interestfinancingtosmall

businesses,renters,andhomeownersinregionsaffectedbydeclareddisasters.

TheCARES ActalsoauthorizestheSBA toprovideEIDLSofupto$2lnillionto

eligible sm allbusinesses experiencing substantialtinancialdism ption due to the COVID-19

pandemic.Inaddition,theCARES ActautlzorizedtheSBA toissueadvancesofupto$10,000to

sm allbusinesses within three days of applying foran EIDL.The amountofthe advance is

detenninedbythentlmberofemployeestheapplicantcertifieshaving,Theadvancesdonothave

toberepaid.

In orderto obtain an EIDL and advance,aqualifying businessmustsubmitatl

application to the SBA and provide ilfonnation aboutits operatiorks,such asthe numberof

employees,grossrevenuesforthelz-m onthperiodprecedingthedisaster,andcostofgoodssold

inthe12-m 01thperiodpreceditlgthedisaster.InthecaseofEIDLSforCOVID-19relief,the 12-

monthperiodwasthatprecedingJanuary31,2020.Theapplicantmustalsocertifythatal1ofthe

infonuationintheapplicationistlaleandcon-ecttothebestoftheapplicant'sknowledge.

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 6 of 13
EIDL applicationsaresubmitteddirectlyto1heSBA.Theamountoftheloan, if

theapplication isapproved,isdetermined based,in pal4,on 1he infonnation provided bythe

applicationaboutemploym ent,reventle,andcostofgoods,asdescribedabove.Anyfundsisstled

underanEIDL oradvanceareissued directlyby theSBA.EIDL fundscatlbeusedforpayroll

expenses,sickleave,productioncosts,andbusinessobligations,suchasdebts,rent,andmortgage

payments. IftheapplicantalsoobtainsaloanunderthePPP,theEIDL ftm dscannotbeusedfor

thesam epurposeasthePPPfunds.

PPP A pplicationsSubnzitted bv STAN LEY and PH ILUS

2O, Law enforcem entreceivedinfol-mationregardingpotentialfraudrelatedtothePPP

applicationsubmittedbySTANLEY onbehalfofDream GurlandPHILUSonbehalfofElegance

ktuto,

21. Through areview ofdatalnaintained bytheSBA,1aw enforcementlearnedthat

STANLEY andPHILUSsubm itledPPPapplicationsviaCompany1,whichpadneredwitlzBank

1toprocessboth PPPloanapplications.Bank 1ultilnatelydisbursedapproxim ately$538,325to

PHILUS inconnectionwithaPPP applicationsubm ittedinthenameEleganceAutoonorabout

M ay 8,2020. Likewise,on oraboutM ay 15,2020,Bank 1funded a löan in the amountof

approximately $302,860toSTANLEY inconnection with aPPP applicationsubmittedinthe

nam eofDream Gurl.

22, Law enforcem entreviewedtheapplicationsfortheloansthatwerefundedbyBank

1.Theserecordsshow thatthetwoapplicationsm adethefollowingl'epresentationsregardingthe

numbersofemployeesandaveragem onthlypayroll:

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 7 of 13
NameofBusiness NameofListed #ofEmployees. Avem geM ontluy

A licant R e resentative Claim ed Pa roll

Dream Gurl LatoyaStanley 18 $121,144

EleganceAuto Jolm nyPhilus 29 $215,330

On each loan application,STANLEY andPHILUS identifiedthemselvesasthe

ownersandauthorizedrepresentativesof1heapplicantbusiness.STANLEY andPHILUSsigned

andsubmittedtheirapplicationselectronicallythroughanonlinepo14a1operatedbyCompany l.

ForeachPPP application,STANLEY andPHILUSrespectively cel-tifiedthatthe

companywasinoperationonFebnlary15,2020andhademployeesforwhom itpaidsalariesand

payrolltaxesorpaidindependentcontractors.

ForeachPPP application,STANLEY andPHILUS alsorespectivelycel-tifieda1l

SBA loan proceedswould be used onlyforbusiness-related pulmosesasspecified in the loan

applicationandconsistentwitlzthePPPrules.Theyalsocertifiedthatthefundswouldbeusedto

reiain workers and m aintain payrollormake mol-tgagepaym ents,lease paym ents,and utility

paynzents;asspecifiedunderthePPPRule.

OtherRecordsShow theInaccum cvofthePPPAoplicationsSubm itted

26. Despitethel'epresentationsregardingthentunberofemployees,law enforcement

obtainedandreviewedrecordsfrom theFloridaDepartm entofRevenue,whichrequiresemployers

toreportrecordsofwagespaidtoemployeesbyFloridacom orations.TheFloridaDepartm entof

Revenuehadnorecord ofwageinfonnation paidtoanyemployeesofEleganceAuto orDream

Gurlin2019or2020.

In fact, Florida com orate records show thatneither company was an active

corporationpriortotheCOVID-19pandemic.

6

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 8 of 13
AccordingtotheFloridaDivisionofCop orations,Drenm Gurlwasaninactive

FloridacorporationuntilonoraboutM ay3,2020.Atthattime,thecop oration

wasreinstated.Thesam erecordsshow tlzatSTANLEY andPHILUSwerethe

com pany'sauthorizedpersons.

b. According te the Florida Division ofCorporations,Elegance Auto was an

inactiveFloridacom orationuntilonoraboutM ay 1,2020. Atthattime,the

com oration was reinstated. The samerecords show thatPHILUS wasthe

com pany'satlthorizedperson.

28. In colzjunction with both PPP applicatiol.ls and on belzalfoftheirrespective

businesses,STANLEY atzdPHILUSstlbmittedFebruary2020accountstatementsfronzBnnk2.

'Ihesestateluents,however,werefkaudulent.Accordingtodocumentsreceivedfrom Bank2,the

accountsforb0thEleganceAutoandDream GurlwereonlyopenedinM ayof2020.

Inconjtlnctionwithbothapplicationsandonbehalfoftheirrespectivebtlsinesses,

STANLEY andPHILUSsubmittedIRSFonn 941s,whicharequm-terlytaxfonus.Thesefonns

includethetotalnumberofemployeesand conpensationpaidbyabusinesstoitsemployeesby

quarter.TheFonu 941sthatSTANLEY andPHILUSsubmitted,however,werefraudulent.The

IRShasnorecordofeitlzerbusinessfilingaForm 941in2019orin2020.

A review ofbank accountslocatedatBank 1and atotherbanksthatSTANLEY

and PHILUS identified on recordedcallsnoted below revealedthatEleganceAuto and Dream

Gurldidnothavetransactionsconsistentwiththebtksinessentel-prisesclaimedintherespective

loan applicatiolzs.Priorto receivihg hundredsofthousandsofdollarsin PPP ftmds,the bank

accounts associated with each business only engaged in sm qll dollar transactions. Law

enforcementwasunabletolocatecolnpensationtoanyemployees.Instead,accounttransactions

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 9 of 13
seemedconsistentwithpersonalbnnking,ratherthanbusinessbanking,andincludedpurchasesat

restaurant.sandconsumerstores.AlthoughSTANLEY andPH ILUS bothrepresentedthattheir

businesseshadm illionsofdollarsin payroll,accountbalancesforeach businesswerenomore

than afew thousanddollarsandoftenin1henegative.

Conqrmation ofSTANLEY andPHILUSasthePPP Applicants

To confirm thatSTANLEY and PHILUS them selves did,in fact,subm itthe

fraudulentPPPapplications,1aw enforcementcontinueditsilw estigationbyreviewingadditional

recordsandconductingsurveillance.

Law enfbrcementreceivedtheintenzetprotocol(:ElP'')addressassociatedwiththe

PPP application forDream Gtlrl. Law enforcementwasableto obtain subscriberinformation

relatedtothisaccountfrom anintelmetserviceprovider(t:ISP'7),Accordingtotheintemetselwice

provider,thesubscriberoftheIPaddresswasSTANLEY.1

33. Law entbrcem entalso reviewed the phone numbers associated with each PPP

application. A ccording to recordsfrom atelecom m tmicationscom pany,1he subscriberfor170th

phonenumberswasSTANLEY.

34. Law enforcem entreview edrecordedphonecallsplacedtothenumberlistedonthe

Dream GurlPPPapplication,Thecallswereansweredbyanindividualwhoidentifiedherselfas

STANLEY.Onthesecalls,STANLEY madestatementsthat:(a)sheistheownerofDream Gurl;

(b)ShepersonallyappliedforthePPPapplication;(c)Dream Gurlhas$200,000ininventoryof

hairandbeautyproducts;(d)TlzeForm 941ssubmittedwiththePPPapplicationareacctlrate;and

1AlthoughtheIPaddressfortheEleganceAutoapplicationbelongedtothesameISP,theISPwas

unabletoprovideanysubscriberinfolnnationforthataddress.

8

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 10 of 13
(e)thephysicaladdressofthebusinessis1275NE 118thStreet,whichisastorefrontlocation

wherecustom erscanwalk inandshop.2

Law enforcementalsoreviewedrecordedphonecallsplacedtothenumberlisted

ontheEleganceAutoPPP application.Thecallswereansweredbyan individualwhoidentified

himselfasPHILUS, Onthesecalls,PHILUS madestatementsthat:(a)heistheownerof

EleganceAuto;(b)hepersonallysubmitedthePPPapplicationforEleganceAuto;and(c)the

physicaladdressofthebusinessislocated at 1277NE l18th Street, PHILUS also statedthat

EleganceAutosellsandleasesvehiclesand motorcyclesandthatthecompanyhas40to50cars

availableatanytime,withanestimatedfleetvalueofover$1million.PHILUSalsoclaimedthat

m ostofthecarsinthefleetarelocatedatthe1277NE 118thStreetlocation.

36. Duringtherecordedcall,PHILUS wtlsalso asked aboutDream Gurl. PHILUS

answeredthatheisnottheCEO ofDream Gurl,thathedidnotknow ofDream Gurl,andthathe

wasunfamiliarwithSTANLEY,

37. Law elzforcementeonductedphysicalsulweillanceatthe1275and 1277NE 118th

Streetaddresseslistedonthetwo PPP applications. Law ellfbrcem entobsel-vedcarsparked in

frontofthelocations,which wereregistered to STANLEY and PHILUS. Law enforcement

sulweillancerevealedthat1277NE118thStreet(thepul-portedlocationoftheEleganceAutorental

business)vasasilzgle-fanAilyhonAe.Law enforcementobservedearsconsistentinnumberwith

thesizeofthehome,ratherthanafleetofcars.

38. Finally,1aw enforcelnentwas able to colzfinu the identity of STANLEY and

PHILUSviaphotographicevidence.STANLEY andPHILUSemployedBank2'sdrive-through

toopentheiraccountson thesam eday. Sulweillancefootage eaptured ablack Chevroletwith

2A sdiscussedbelow ,1aw enforcem entsurveilledthislocation,whichisasingle-familyhome.

9

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 11 of 13
threedigitsvisibleonthelicenseplate.A matedrovetheear. Thedigits,aswellasthem akeand

modelofthecar,areconsistentwithavehicleregisteredtoSTANLEY, whichwasobservedin

f 1275 NE 118* Street M iam i front o , , Florida. Both STANLEY and PHILUS identified

additionalbnnkaccountsfortheirrespedivebusinessesontherecordedcalls. Law enforcelnent

reviewedstillsfrom smweillancefootagefrom thoseaccount. Stillsfortm accountbelongingto

EleganceAutoshow PHILUS.StillsforanaccountbelongingtoDream Gurlshow STANLEY .

EIDL Applications

39. Separatefrom thePPPloans,law enforcementqueriedotherSBA pandemicrelief

programstodetennineifSTANLEY tmdPHILUShadappliedform oniesfrom thoseprograms.

4O. Law elzforcem entlocated EIDL applicationsforboth STAN LEY and PHILUS.

STANLEY andPHILUS submittedtheapplication on oraboutJune18,2020.'I'heapplication

luaterialscontainedthefollowingrepresentations:

Applicmzt :,)' Typeof .'Iudùstry 'Occupation'#of 7' ,Busin'ess ''t

( ', Btlsiness . ' rEm ployees ''A ddréss

' .

,. %' :.h ''h .t'' .

. ,. . ''CljgW3.éd jr,. k '' . .

LatoyaStanley Sole Agriculture Fanner 5 1275NE 11801

Proprietor Street,M iami,

Florida

JohnnyPhiltls Sole Agriculture Fanrer 10 535NW 127th

Proprietor Street,North

M iam i,Florida3

Duringthcloan applicationprocess,theSBA com m unicated with 1:0th individuals

viatlzephonenumberprovidedontheEIDL applicatiolz.7XephonentlmbersforSTANLEY and

PHILUSwereidenticaltothephonenumbersthatSTANLEY andPHILUSsubmittedwiththeir

PPPapplications.STANLEY andPHILUSsubsequentlyelnailedtaxinfonnationtotheSBA to

supporttheirapplication.

3Law EnforcementhasreviewedPHILUS'Sdriver'slicensewhichlistshishomeaddressas535NE 127+Street

NorthMiami,Florida,whichisnearlyidenticaltotheaddresslistedontheEIDLapplication.

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 12 of 13
42. STANLEY submitted tax information claiming that her farm pl'oduced

approximately$899,000inincomein20l9.PHILUSsubmittedtaxinformationclaim ingthathis

fann producedapproxilnately$400,900inincomein20l9.

43. TheSBA approvedflndingPH ILUSfor$150.000andSTANLEY for8137,500.

44. Law enfbrcementstlrveilledthebusinessaddresslistedc)nLoth applications.The

'

addressesaresinglefamily residentialIlolneso1smalllots. Tleyarewhollyincongruouswith

Iargescalefarm ing.

Conclusion

45. Basedonmytrainingandexperience,andtheinfbrlnationpl-ovidedinthisat-lidavit,

respectfully subm itthatthere is probable catlse to Lelieve thatLATOYA STANLEY and

JOHNNY PHILUScommitedwircfratld,inviolationof18U.S.C.j1343andfalsestatements,

inviolationot-18U.S.C.j1Q01.

FURTHER YOUR AFFIANT SAYETH NAUGHT.

.

-''

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SpecialAgentAntonioSoto

TreasuryIlspectorGeneralTax Atllnîlistratiol)

AtlestedtobytheApplicantinaccordancewiththerekuifementsofFed.R.Crim.P.4.lby

FaceTimethls 25th dayofAugusl2020.

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HONORABLEA L ClA tO.FAZO REYES

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATEJUDGE

Case 1:20-mj-03470-AOR Document 3 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/26/2020 Page 13 of 13