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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART 1 OF7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 

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Harr iiii&J 

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'Io ;~John Ede:a.r noov er, " .. ., ... ngton Tenn • 

Fro:n; 

25,1936. 

--_ ~s 

0 • •• ,. . SubJect;Highlander Folk School,~onteagle Tenn. 

~~~ Your attention is respectfully called to the communistic act1vitie~ of The Highlander Folk School of ~onteagle Tenn. In a letter of ~~en 6,IS~' 

.:,_·::.',;..~ ,you instructec the writer that since~here is no Federal statute in regQ.td' ~g· ·t~ such activities that the Bureau was unable to investigate. This is very unfortuna~e indeed. This school is a ~ot-bed of communism and anarchy.,~i/ 

'; · ' is proven by the pnrt taken by its members in the strikes at HaTriman T'e.nn. - .3.1sy 'Ienn. and at the present at Rockw-,od Tenn. It is the opinion of the · · ·' 1.riter that this school should be investigated •. If 1• were possible an 1 

agent of the Dept.shoJld be sent there i-J as a stucent. He would find that 

a statute was being violated-possibly TREASON. 

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· The writer ha~ no axe to grind,ar.d is asking for nothing. He does 

z,ot know a single member of the faculty nor the name of a etudent in this Hl~h1ancer Folk School. But he knows enough abbut this institution to know tha~ there iF something radically wrong. Also he is a great ad~irer of Th~ Director of The Federal Bureau of Investigation. He is proud of the recorcE ~ of The Dept.o! Justice since J.E~ar Hoover became its head. He approves. 

·Jf the action Of The President in not permitting politicians to remove lo!r. P~over as the Director. While Mr.McKellar is an ~d~ired frien~the writer 

is apposed to his attitude in regard to cutting the app~~c~t1at1ons for. 

,·,is Dept. Therefore this letter is written in the spirlt of a loJal 

c:tizen and an ex-soldier. The natives here are a oyal people. But this ·tl~ved East !er.n. is being "Honey-combed" wi em and anarchy. And t~e Highlander Folk School is the hot-bed. 

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i ·' 1 1 wish \o aekDMled&• ~pt of 7our let. tar dated 

' April fb, 19~-6, tllrniab.iljg a..ditioe&l WoraaUon relaUw 

"i. ,. ~, t.he a.Ue.:;ed cGei&Uilia\.lc aothiU.ea being CUTied 1111 1D 

•" • ·• t.••e Jl.i!,hl.t.lllier Folk tebool, lklatet.&4-. tenneaDH, illd~t.-

1t•6 th11t. Ul ia~at.ll,ati» to' t.bie turMu 111Q' cthclol!e that. 

- h a ... ri.ol&t.i:c ot a feo!-:L,la. . . · .. Aa 70U Wd'C pi'rTi~lJ w!Yiaod, t.hl! !-U h -

t.borbod b)', rt...tute to .~uct t., ..... .t.igat.1cae 1D ~· .. c ... then 111 a ri.ol~>t.is o! • 'e;>eeitic: Fedenl law. ln t.lle 

ahpel'lce of aDJ INCh 1Dd1cc.t1oot I :regret. t.hat. 110 actlca -

II • t.&ke;~ ~ :1 t.hia ~urea u ,el:..U te • t.aereto. . I a;>;.ceeid,e, ho•c"ru-, Jrr.rl' 1ntel'Cilt 1a tl.u'nltltbc 

t.b11 Worr.t>t.lcm t:> .. , u ..U aa 7111Ur tr1ftlldl,r -w 

•• to the aCC)ll!fllllh-''· ol tiUa L~ 

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.- ....... FEDERAL BUREAU OF iNVESTIGATION --- ~ ~ 

· "'"' '· Porm. No.1 

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THIS CAaE ORIGINATED AT MEMPHIS <NESSEE 

--- l!E\!PHIS, TENNE3SEE l-29-.t.O 

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l-19-J,O 

TnU ()HIGifui.ND FOLK SCHO:lL,~~teagle, Gr~y County, Tennessee SUBVERSIVE ACTrJIT~ 

(COlNJNIST ACl'IVJ:T:IES) 

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SYNOPSIS OF ,-ACTS: Copy o! speech dal.ivered by JA}IES ~ · . <• 

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·~{DO!li3ROWSKI, CMirman, Highland Folk . • _ · _ '·' 

School at Hillsboro Presbyterian Church,• -t10v 7-

November 19, 1939 and at the Chapel, · . •· ... · 

Doctor's Building, Nashville, 1'ennessee, < . -. 

November 20, 1939, furnislied llemph18 .., Office. Additional na!!.es listed therein ;=~ 

of persons connected with Highland Folk 

School, on whom N.T. cards submitted. 

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~RE!lCE: Report of Special Ag<mt 

Wemp~ls, Tennessee, 

IlET AII5 1 AT NA S '1V ILIE, TENJ lESSEE 

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' ' 1 • As noted by reference report, the Highland Fo:ll< 

School a alleged to be co!llllUll!stic and t.he names of all . persons mentioned in a series or newspaper articles appearing, in the Nashville, Tennessee "Tennessean" newspaper aa 

having some connection with the school have been subnitted 

to the Bureau on Nationalistic Tendency cards. 

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DO NOT WRITE IN THDIE IPACD ( 

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November 19, 1939, and in the Chapel, l)oetor's Building,' 

Nashville, November 20, 19391 11hich llinleographed cow be 

furnished to Agent. The names of persons mentioned in the 

address have been checked, and it is noted that the foll~ 

ing persons lll!re mentioned on llhom Nationalistic Tendency 

cards have not previously prepared1 · 

1 ••. 

both of whom are mentioned as officers of the Alumni Association of the Highland Foll School and who are mentioned 

as persons in possession of the Thanksgiving lll!ekend reports 

covering the activities of the alumni who were present at 

the Homecoming at the Highland Folk School. All others are 

listed as composing the Advisory Col!lllittee of the Highland 

Folk School, name~t .£ _ · 

DR. REINHodf ~IEBUHR, Chairman, , . · · Union Theological Seminaey; · 

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~ ~·- DR. ARTHUR' 5RIFT; r 

t ~ ~ lliSS llARY VAN KLEECK, Director of Industrial Studies,~-

Russell Sage Foundation; t: 

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DR. GECRGE S. COUNTS of the Teachers College and t Presi~nt of the American Federati_on of Teac~fs; l. _( 

ROGER mLDWIN, Director, . \ 

American Civil Ubertiee Union; ···' .•.. · 

r... 

DR. SHERWOOD EDDYJ 

MR. FRAN~NIEL, Amalamated Clothing Workers of 

America; 

The Reverend WILLID! FFORD, Director, Church 

League of Industrial ~mocracy. 
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Nationalistic Tendency cards on all persons listed 

above are being eubllli tted to the Bureau. 

ENCLOSURES1 TO THE BUJIEA.U 

Mimeographed copy of a summary of a speech by 

JAMES DOMBROWSKI, delivered at Nashville, Tennessee November 

19 and 20, 1939. 

TO THE WUIS'liLLE FIELD DIVISION 

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"art I, 

Philosophy 

Pe.1 t IT. 

'!'he Problem 

for 

Christian 

Sociology 

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The fhilosophy and Program of the Highlander Folk School, 

1 summary of a discussion by Jemes Dombrowski, ~hairman, 

"'"ighlander Folk School, at the l:illsboro 'resbyterian 

Church, November 19th, and in the 'hepel, Doctor's Building, ~ashville. Tennessee, November 2~th. 1939· 

1. One i~portamt motivation of the majority of those who 

have been responsible for the Highlander Folk School bas 

been the ~ttempt to relate religious idealism to the 

social problems of to-day, particularly to relate the 

social aspiratio~s of religion and of the labor movement. 

2. This concern for social justice stands a' the heart of 

the prorhetic Hebrew Christian religion as set forth by 

such men as Bishop Grundwig, the spiritual father of the 

Danish Folk Schools, Vfalter 'll•"uschenbusch, "Harry F~ 'Vard, 

?einhold !lliebuhr, and Bisho" Francis J, llc~onnell. . ' . 

3. '!'he Social Gospel is the term used to designate the 

type of religious thought expounded by these thi~~ers. 

They empPFSize the importe"nce of the sociPl factor in the 

development of character. The sa1vetion of the individual, 

~eeordin~ to this school of theolORY• ls impossible apart 

from tl1e sa 1 vetion of the whole of roc.iety. 

4. ~ definition of religion un1ve,srllv •ccepte.b1e would 

be most difficult to formulate, s•id Dr, John Benton in 

his recent inaugural address es Dean of the ~chool of Religion of Vanderbilt University. Put it is agreed generally that religion is present whenever we confront the 

brute facts of renli ty with an ideal, or as he put it, 

whenever we are aware of the eension be~een what is end 

what ou~ht to be. 

5. The ~'i!_-Southern workers {th&t includes most of us' 

number thirteen million, 42% on farms, 1~% in factories, 

with ~n income averaging a half of that of the rest of the 

nation. Vith a follrth of the popul&tion, the south h"s 

two-thirds of the tenants, A tenant earns '>73 a year par 

person, a sharecropper from ~3P to ~73 per person~ Jn 1935 

5~ of ell the women in industry in Tennessee made less 

then ~12 a week. A survey of the f&milies removed to make 

way for the ~orris dam ares showed en average annual cash 

income per family of $50. There are five million forgotten 

people in the southern mount< ins. livinf' standards are 

commensurate with th&t income. The &Vcrage ~nnuul expenditure per fumily for meat nnd vee:et 'f-les is ~231, in the 

south it is less t}j~t $150, er>d in l'\ssissi~ri it is ¢.73, 

One out of five houses ~n the rural south ""-e.s no toilet of 

~ny kin~. The aver~ge nnnua1 ex~onditurB for the education 

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of a southern child is only one-h•lf of the average for 

the nation; for a Negro child it is only one-ninth. Because of the poll tax pol1t1c•l democracy is denied to 

two-thirds of the population. Economic democracy (collective bargaining) is restricted even more etringently. 

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6. The world that •pugllt to be"-These conditions must be 

ex~min•d in the light of government research as to potentidl living stand~rds if /all the idle capital, plants and 

man-power were put to work. Conservative estimates place 

the potential income at $4,500 for every family in the 

United States. We may now be sure of one disturbing factpoverty is now entirely voluntary. This fact should haunt 

every Christian concerned with estabiishing a just society, 

every citi<en interested in a rational society, and all of 

us seeking to safeguard democracy. Democracy means freedom , and we are not free until ~e liberate all of the 

potentinl material and spiritual resources of our nation. 

z, The labor movement, with its lebor press, nine million 

members of unions, and co-operatives, and affiliated bodies 

is the bnckcone of the progressive movement seeking to 

chnnge the present order and to establish a more just and 

ethic•l society. Orguni<ed labor br'ngs immedi~te practicrl goins to those who need it most. These benefits may be 

s ummr T ited: 

n. By raising wages ~nd living strndo•ds. 

b. Initi6ting and enforcing social legislation. 

c. Giving dignity to workers; no longer regarded as mere 

"h4nds "· 

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d. ~(akes democracy work in the economic field through 

collective b~rg~ining. 

e, Bringing educational and cultural services to workers. f 

f. Giving concrete expression to the religious ideals of 

service and brotherhood which otherwise find but little i 

practical outlet in the burly-burly competitive world. 

Thus for rational as well os ethical re~sons religion needs 

lobor. And a vital concern by religion for the interests of 

lobor would be the best safeguard against Q complacent, comfortnble middle class dissip~ting its ethical interests in 

mere generolities, VIe need to r.pl'ly the Social Creed to the 

Churches. 

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ft. Pesident Pro~r&mfn) "ur~<'se- To provider. culturcl nnd educntiono.l center 

for the tr·~ ini'lg of r, native leadership for the southern 

le.bor movement. 

( b' >'ror:rr m- Two resident terms o yer r, each lasting six 

w~eks. Jn the p.:st thes<o hr ve co··e in the summer &nd 

winter. In 194n the resident terms vrill be held in the 

Spring r.nd Fall. This will lee ve tlce summer free for 

week-end institutes for loc~l ~nd internntionnl unions. 

The students ~re c~r~fully selected by the educ~tionul 

committees of their unions or co-op0rntives. There ~re 

no formal edue~tional requirements other thun the ~bility 

to rGo;d .:.nd write .:~.nd .: desire to serve the lc.bor movement. One or two college students ere accepted e:1ch term 

but such stud~nts must pl~n to work full time in the labor 

movement or in soc L1l work. In the \Vintor Term of 1939 

27 students came from ten southern states, from San Antonio 

to Richmond and represented 9 internctional unions. 

The courses nrc groupGd in two cr.tegories: first, the pructicul ~tool" courses in the work of the w~ion, e.g. public 

spe::kinl':• r.nd pctrl L:.ment11ry lc.w, trc.de union problums, journalism, mimeo~r,phing, poster m~king; und secondly, tho 

bc.ckground '"nd cul turnl courses such us drr.m"t ics, economics, 

folk drmcin~ r~nd group singing, historv :.nd recrectiono.l progrcms. 

The methods Jre u combinction of lectures, discussion ~nd 

work-sho-. The mLtc:ri~l ~• fer ·e pas•ible is bused on 

the exuer icnco of tho students. ,..lr- sses r. re inforrncl. Tn 

the work-she)) cl·~ss students experiment wlth visucl mc,terid s, re~ uc ing motor bls from their cl • s s os • nd ellpcr ienco 

to grr phic form in cho.rts, posters, etc. S·.~mrl.os of this 

mntorif'l wil 1 be sour. in the vrrious ,.,ublicr:.tions of the 

class in English ~nd Journ::lism. (see the puclication list 

of HFS'. There is ~n ~ttempt to rel~te the .rnnteri_l from 

the various cl·.ssos, for eXLmrle, the dr~~tics group wrote 

publishod o.nd produced five ph ys this s uml'lor. The dramutic 

mc.tsric.l VLS dr~wn from the students' expor1ence a.nd from 

their discussions in union problems, economics ~nd work-shop 

cl:..sses. 

Speci~l locturors augm~nt tho rogul~r te~ching st~ff during 

L residunt term, ~bout twonty-fiv~ or thirty prominent progrussivo locdcrs of thu south drr.wn from lnbor, govornmontc.l 

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nnd civic groups discuss ~rious nspccts of community end 

lr.bor problem•. Those discussions with many of the south's 

lecding progressive figures is in itself a liberal education. A complete list of the visiting lecturers during 

the Summer Torm of 1939 wr.s publishryd 1n the Fo.ll number 

of the HighlQndcr Fling. 

(c' Purp~s0- To ~reserve ~nd enrich the indigor.ous culturrl trcditions of the southern m~unt~ins; through democratic ond co-Op<-rt.tivc procedure to seek nctivcly the 

sol uti on of b~s ic comrr.anity problem", 

(b\ The program-is of nn inform'l noturc fcllowing the 

procedures of scttl~mcnt hous~s ·r.d of the Dnnish Folk 

Schools. Th<' octivities nrc suggested by the community, 

lin.ited only hy the interests of th- group c.r.d the skills 

of the st<ff. These ~ctiv!tics forth~ most pQrt consist 

of cultural ::<nd rccroation,.l groups, "•!':•, pi~no lessons, 

voic~ culture, group singing, dr:l!l'otics, mc.rionottc o.nd 

puppet mr.king, librc.ry scrvie, hikes nnd athl0tics, community nowsp~pcr, folk d-ncing, disr~ssion groups, co-operative projects, nursery school, Not ~11 of th~so interest 

groups o.rd mc:.intc.incd simultuncously, but vary o.ccording 

to the resources of the st,ff. 

Th,.. ce>-~per:ctivc ido:·.l is stressed ns the best instrument 

through which to develop community ron•" io~sr.ess, selfr~li!lnce, tr11ining: in dcmocrr..tic methods, .~nd through which 

the rcsour~cs of th0 co"munity mry b~ m&do to yield the 

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best returns. The nursery s~r.ool, for exr-mple, is u cooperrtivo con:rr.unity proj<ct. Eighteen children ere enrolled· 

Pcrer,ts h-,v~ ~or,trit·Jtcd through their own initir.tive nnd 

solicitntion srnrll sums for the fuel supplies, r,lthough nll 

r.rc on relief; young rr.cn mcdo the bcnch<s .-n1 Aouipmcnt; 

youn~ girls help•d with supervision until ~TVA r.id w.:s secured. 

J. cccurdmltv disc~ssion group hcs beer. mrctinr eor.tir.u<:>·lsly 

for over r. yec.r. Th~ problems grc-v: cut c;f the· experience 

of the F;•ou~. In cHscussinF; their owr. situetion they grr.d· 

u~11y got some ur.dorst~~ding rnd insi~hts int~ tho lcrger 

prGblcms of thr, nr.tion, After em extend d study or the 

ph 11 osophy c.r,d lf.ethods of the co- Ol)crr t i vc n1ovemPr. t, thn 

group is r.ow o.tton.ptine; to rr.isr som~ wnrking cc.pit,ol for 

c. co-opon.tiv·o. Pumr.go seclcs of old clothes cere held or.co 

c. month. The lest sL.lc wcs r,ttcndcd by 5'> fr.n:!l ies from 

th~ vr..ll~y. the surrnundir.g coves r.nd the tnountrtin, In this 

wc.y clcthcs r..r~ disttibutod. to th.o needy r.t slight cost, o.nd 

grc.du,.lly the bnsis for a ~o-operc.t1va is being est<ehlichod, 

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This dis~ussion group is exrerlmenting with book-maki"'"• 

Simrle pomphlets hnve been mtde from materials furnished 

by tee""' oup, ne••sparyer clippings, c<rtoons, etc., which 

ure mounted in pamphlet form •nd cirr·uhted among the 

me~bershir. The subjects cover Surnlus rommodities, 

-SocicJ Security L:1ws, "1age t.nd Hour }ct,the 1'o11. Tax, etc. 

C. Pxtension Progrem-

(a) Purpose-To &ssist l~~or grou-s within the &rea served 

by the school to develop cultur<l ond oducrtional progrt.ms. 

(c) Frogr~m-The services to unions nre of a v&ried nature, 

consisting of occ~sion~l lectures, to ~ six we~ks' institute. Librc.ry services r.re extend·,d to neighboring individuc.ls und groups. l'Jlp is given with recro:.tional progrums j mL. ter i .... ls ..I. TO rurnisl. ... ~d for drt.mr..tic progro.ms and 

discussion groups. 

The School plc.nt is used by loc,.l und int~rn. .. tional unions 

for week-end institutes, especiully during the sumnor months. 

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Pn effort is mc.dc t~ maintain r. pcrmo.nent rel"tionshi'P with 

our r.lumni o.nd to c.ssist there to develop within th~ir groups 

educ.:ttional o.nd culturo.l progrc.ms. At the Honecoming o.t 

Hig;hl<.nder ~t Th~nksgiving week-end reports were mc.de of the 

"-Ctivities of tho ,1lur.mi prcsunt. (These reports cere in tho 

process of being mheogr::.phed and muy bG hc.d fro:n the offiC·)TB of tho ~Jumni ~Rsochtion, l'r. ••cthe'" lynch, 41n Church 'ltAv<f 

Street, ~loshvill<O, c.nd lers. ChriRtino Bon-on, r.nbertsville, 

Kv., c'o T.V. A.) 

lee. tion-Highlnndor is loc•·tcd in the community of Summerficlcl, two miles from Monte~!'"lC on th,, 'l'rrcy rity >lighway. 

It is .5" miles from Chntt· nool"c, qo fTom ~~c.shville, in Grundy 

rounty en the Cl.llilberl~nd Plrtec. u. 

Property-The origin...l gr<-nt of propurtv on which HighLnder I 

w .. s lacE-ted wc.s mo.de by Dr. lillicn S. Johnson, of Memphis, 

Tenn. Dr Johnson built the l.rge house in 1q19 nnd cr.rriod 

on~ progror.1 of com'!lunity educctien until 1932 when she mc.de 

it uV ilublo to Highlundur. 

St"ff-The st~ff consists of sevon full timu rcsidunts: 

VVillLcn Buttrick, Duko Univursity, toc.chcr of economies, 

S&creb.ry; 

Jc..roos Dombrowski, B.Ph,, Eroory Univursity, B.D., Union Thoologic .. l S.or.lin,,ry, Ph. D., Col unbL Uni vors ity, toelcher of 

history, Ch~irm.m; 

Myles Horton, B.A., Cur.1borlc.nd University, Univorsity of 

Chicc.go, Intorn.•tionc.l Peoples College, tu~ch;or of union 

problems, Educo.tioru.l Director. 

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illph•n Horton, B.A., ».A., College of tho Oz~rks, teacher 

of C1US io nnd drnnw. tics; 

Clcudin Lewis, B.A., Reid College, Director of Nursery 

Scheel; 

Mc.ry Lc.wr<!nco, B.A., Duke University, C<:>::~munity Worker; 

Jo.nc Lt.wson, B,A., V _ssc.r College, Off' ice S<!crobry. 

Jdvisorv Co'llmlttM; Tho Chc:irmt:n is Dr, R~inhold .. Niobuhr, ~ of Unl on ThoologicJ.l Scmin::.ry; other m'embers ~rc Dr. Arthu 

Slol1ft, ~:Js' J.!ory V:n Klceck, Director of Tndustri~l Stt.Ji·;· 

ies, Pusscll S>.ge Fcund•.tion; Dr. GeorgeS. Counts, of . 

Te· chors Colle~:;o c.nd President or the Amoricr.n Fedcrr>t1on /· -'• ' .. of Te· ch ,rs, llogur B:,ldwin, Director .lmoric•.n Civil Lib¥ • · 

ortics Union; Or. Shcr,.ood Eddy; Hr. Fr·nz Daniel. Am· .. lr.cmoted Clothinr; Workors of /.mnic r; th<> Reverend '11111 · 

-Spofford, Director Church Lc~guo of lndustrinl Ocrmocrnc • 

Fin~nces-Tho school is fi~nced by contributions from 

individ~ls, unions, church groups, student groups. Th~ 

bt.Jigct in 1939 w .• s $10,000. A few of th" strongur unions 

provide schol~rships but for the most ~rt thu school 

oust provide schol..rships of $100 c.ch for th-> six weeks' 

term. Studonts m.king $10 und $15 o. wuok .. ro not in o. 

position to P"Y their cwn w.-.y. 

SoCJo support h..s c,..,,~ frcr.. the Will Lm G. ''lhitnoy Found£>tion nnd th~ Chrlstic.n Socir.l Justice Fund, but most 

of tho uon0y comos frotl vol untc.ry contributions from 

lndividuc.ls. Thoro ~.rc 550 individur.l c0ntributors, most 

c1' whom nnk., "".n"'.l contributions. They include tcc.chors, 

ministers, business mon :--.nd workers. 

Obiously tho schobl 'could not m..n~gc en such c. S<1•ll 

bu-get if the sb.ff rccoiv-~d rcnuner,.tion comr.1cnsur~tc.:· 

w 1 h the s.orvi c~s rendered. Stc.ff members serve on c 

or. i>tan .. nco be. sis. • ~ 

5 

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Dear llr Hoover, 

0 Recently I aent you aome clippings 

about the Highlander Folk School and I am herewith 

sending y otiua!lotlier. --

We need to olean out our country !rom 

within more tlan we need battle Bbips. 

Beat wishes to you and !or your work 
~-

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\. .. .·r:Ci!oo<a :WEWS FREE FRBSSIIa7 18, 1940 >h.Tolaoa ... , .... 

P.&ge , 

~OTHE TO DIRECr 

·NEW TYPE CAMP 1 

~AT MONTEAGLE~ (Youth Congress Leader' 

·, ~ttends Workers' Edu-

~ • c~ti n Meet Here '- Jti:h tothe, one of the leader~ iOf the American Youth Congrfts, 

~hich reated. such a S'Ur in Waahl'!lCton, D. C , some monthJ q:o Jb 

d.enounclnt certain phases of Roo•e-

;ftlt's Ad.mjniJ:tration, iJ In Chatta-1 

. boora attendina: the Conference of 

1f9"keli~ Education to be held bfte1 .tu.rday"8n4 Sunday. 1 ~ ·(r-othe c&d. his attendance at thiJ:j 

erenee ill more or ~eu: a eoin-, 

cnce, ... his real purpo5e iii \o: 

·,·iru.e for establishment of a '"wOrk 1 

,. · in iU&hlander Folk School~ 

• \.J"·-1·~~~~ ' I 

;·.: · , ..... ,. be aald, will be~~ i:p' 

•l. ...... 1 ,., 1 •,; in the month of Aut· 

r, ~ ·· • 1r t weeil~. and 4Wil1 ~ 

'' .t•L:.t by ,"25 young worlteri and 

i"' 1~ 'Wbn.will work, study and 

.l' h1 du: ·period. He is expected 

dh"t:d dw· school. , 

, 

tht- fiaid_ the ·idea tOf ~w-Mk 

w· ·· was .6Dncelved lut year w~ti:l 

a , \11'1ent of tint camp at Wf"\ 

; N: '")! .. • on the Hudson. }{e 

"' -l •,;t. 11rt now five such. camps ~: -~ ··• t41s country, one· near 

-<: .' .. ·)~.io; one Jn New York 

l\ . . , ()regon. and the one to 

~ ~·.; ·~--·l:r:::=• at1

, 

t

e.·,,.\j .. t»· J:· ~ow students are R· 

-~ lo: tllese tummer eampa:, 

). .te ·~ted that the IIJOiliOl'l 

o1<.e 1alu o1 different ochoolJ 11114 . ~~lf'.l!eli and invite atudent11 to par--

• .:lpate · '{' ll>eoe camps, which, • 

~ optratec! eomewhat CG 

lfne N' t.frnilu camps in Scan. ·-in eo~tries. The idea 11 a1Jo 

'II. ho pointed out, lo ·14 CAI!'pi 

./ tl:lve been established by 

_.-4ican. Friends Sen.·ice Commi 

"- ~·a. Quaker.outfll. . · lii'._·.the 1a • SUtive of Germany. He 

{ be~ in United States on his 

-i< · dlt trip for two yean. He aid 

~ •, h.e L"'n.' Hitln-, ~ut they , ... ·rt alan~ .a wt-11 toe:et.ber." 

to comment on the European 

'uMtiC'n, Gothe dated It fl ""too 

t vet to tell llllt hot Ia 1M 

''· 'll,ldnd it will ob-.bly take ; 

· .U before ~ can 1et 

f ,._e 6t the i ation.'" 

' ~ .:' :· ·~rred · •re Saturda\-

. \ 1 • M,yle:::t orton, edu~ 

\ 

r I ~' '.r o! I HiJhland4o' ~ • ; •nd other repreteD.tl 

· · I ~ool, here in afu3 · .. Worker1' ~~~aUon L ... 

Mr. NaUtaD •..•.••••• 

1&. E. A. Tamm ..• --~ 

.... ~ ......... ... Mr. Wdd.. ___ _ 

Mr. &caa ..•• ." ••••.••. 

Mr. Gla9bt .••••.••••. 

Jdr. Nidae ........... . 

•1.r. Reacloll ......... . 

Mr. ltoeea --~·--··-· Mr. Tl'~ ........... . 

Mi•• G ............ . 

·, 

• 

•. 

• 

All INFORMATION CONTAIN£0 

HEREI~~LASSIFIED DATE 1 BYrY't[Q ~ 

c9<1S'... 

• • 

sent ln br: 

-· -· 1/· "'Jc-.l/-3 /;? .- { ~ 

' 
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CHA'ITANOOGA HEWS JRQ. p{. -> 

)lay 18, 1940 . ·- > 

. 'i Page a 

• ~-.!",.. • -~ . 

"'· Leaders of Workers' Conference~- ---: -i· ' ' 

M:t. Clela' -----·-····· 

Mr. [Add ...•••.•••... 

MT. ~·D- •••..•...... 

M.r.ll.wta ·-········· 

Mz. Nicit.o ........... . 

Hz. Beadoa ..••...... 

Mr. Roan --···-----

.'rns. fiUJ ........... . 

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, 

1o1.7 a, 19~ 

I wilh to aoknCIII!led&• NMlpt. ot ~ let.t.er 

&ted ll&;r :a:>, 1940, an4 it.a enclowre. 

Your oourt.e.,. and inter .. t. 111 b~ tb11 

int'ormat.1on t.o W¥ attent.ion are 1nc1H4 t~ppraoiat.e4. Tlllll 

&'f be aer.lNd JOur letter 11 bt1nc: ud.e a •t.t.er of otts.oial 

record tor t~ppropr1at.e at.tenUCD. 

·- .. 

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• 

COMMUNICAliONS SECTION/ 

·MAILED 

*. ,ttJl 9 19:!0 * 1 

F£0E~t .t}IHA11 ... t)f' 

M ~ -:.~·l".S.. _ ~ U:._S. Dft'Ak/Ml"T · ..,ICl 

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wv 11, l~>40 · 

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It to G pJe06U~e Indeed to Aooe vou~ Jette~ o/ Na~ 1<, 1~40, to,ethe~ ~tth 

'h• rnclo~ed c11p~lno o~d to Aoue rour 

aooo"'e" h coraoe~nf ,.,_. •V add,.eee befo,.e tile Doua~••~• o/ the A•e,.fcara Reuolutt.n. 

r l!l<lnt to t/14Jtk frO" fo,. eentftng ... ycu,. ob•e~uctloru orad eugge•tfona, an4 

rou •av b• a~•u~~d that thl6 Bu,.eau •Ill endeavo~ to pe~fo~• tt~ dutte• oe effectfueJr 

ar .. .f e/Jictentlv lU poeefbJe. 

•tth beet wtehea a~d tlnd ~ega,.d•, 

· "'v. :· .... " f 

\' I 0 ~--~~,~ All INFORMATION CONTAINED . fu.~ '"- _ I Lfl 1 . . HEREI417~1g~ASSIFIED I;\. ~ ___ . r\ / DATE ' BY tY:~'W)ffl_ . . 5 

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RECORDED ~511-.5 V/ 

Special Agent in Charge 

lno:J;v1l..a' ,.... ....... 

Dear Sir: 

(:' 

. ' 

Be : 1m. DCimllO!ISII 

!SriOI'lAGI 

For your information, I am transmitting herewith 

copies of an anonymous communication dated~ 24, 1940 

received at the Bureau in an envelope postmarked~ 24, ~ 

at C..en, t-. .... 

,· I 

. · sf.CIIOI'i \ COtli~OIIlGi!S\lP~~ , ~..-ED 

I \'lo p.. * 

) J\.\L '3 0 i940 · 

* p. tJ' • c:S"f\t\~'1"\0M, uf IM'h. 

f\Olt'J.'- autt~._~M£1\l ()f ]IU';.TICl 

u.S. OU'.. . 

Very truly yours, 

~ • t-_ . ~ c:u oreJohn Edgar Hoover 

Director 

-At FORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED · 

DATE1.zy/>s<l BY sec:<J!Jlt9fd 

/1 h;! / 
i 

.,., 'l_' 

.... - ' . ,: . T 

-,_·(; CP.lMlNf.! 1- O!l'trNt!__\" 'P·· Ma.V 24th. I940 

DenF-.hment of Justice MilY ? i :948 1 '--' . · ~- Wa~ngton D. c. .CiO:\YliWt:~ eu!.t.;UN!OAT10N ;· 1 

Gentl~~~~;; in the oaoer w I\ I:.'- -a:e~,if!J.~;~~(!;f,. ;;;-~-;:~-;-~inn of ~i~~r;; to 

preve,t Sabota;te, I am addressi~ your attention t'o thPHighlander Folk · School" located her~, which has been reported to the F.B.I. for -investill'at i ~­

alreanv;and was info ed of this investigation through an item in our J.Pc·,' 

Co'Wltv Paper just a hort time back, end to forestall suspicion, the J ·aJ.-. 

manager, A 1":r. ll!ile Horton, collected up a few children of his local 'pt..tron~ 

and went to Chattano !la the eveni~ of J.:rs. Roosevelt's visit there, mc:ldng 

1t apoear that the school was devoted to thefeducation of childran. 

The actual head of this school is a 1-:r. "DOL:BIDNSKl'l, which name in itself sounds susPicious; Believeing anv one h ving something to bide from the 

publie, is no~ worthv of public consideration, and a menace to'the public an 

colll!:IUl1itv, I wish to state that I have been in the school on several occasiC:. _ • .and I never sav1 a child there as a student, and I have seen and know of adul 

iJ.: in,;; there for what they claim to educate them for holding better position& 

but the general consensus of opinion is that tQeY are taught-how to better 

control their unions and how to cause ani carry on strikes. · · · · Believing this to be a starting nest of Communists, and believing it to 

be cue for a thorough inveatigation, end knowing th~t this J.:r. Dombronski i~ 

now traveling throughout the States especially where there is hopes of causi 

·--:· .... :~ strife o:r strikes, thought it to be worthy of note to you. · ::-; .. ;-;. :, > \(. Sho~ld you wish <•T'(f further information or if I ce.n be of an./ service 1 

'·'·:· '-' ~J:i.s or any other cc.~acity, serve you, addres_s me as a I.lemberl' of7Generc..l t:'S·:f~ hlruy-Slliith }est, I8~3,JVeterans of F9reign wars, of the u.:;;., Cowan l'enn. 

Respectfully 

I \ ~30v0 Atci tizen~ 

I 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

fiE REI~~ ~~,%-ASSIFIED i' DATE t BY ~ZF«_~ !) I c}L/S. 

··'. 

r~ /r) . JUL 20~ 

J;~c~~~ a;~ ~'l~v 
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. 

. ·_ .. _ 

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lnoxrllle, TenneaaM 

jugullt 3, 1940 

IJpeolal Apnt 1n C!w-p 

lluiph1a1 TeDna .... 

' ' 0 

les E. -,.-,.,.,...--~-~IISII ISPIO!l~ -~ 

. '· 1·. 

There ia forwarded berni th a COPT ot '=--' ~· • 

~'-~~~ }z 

Bureau letter dat.ed. .Jul.7 301 1940 (Bureau tU. - .tf ., 161-7511), which let.t.er t.rana.-:Utt.ed an ano~ 1

·-; ?' ., cOl!SIIUllieation dated lolq 24, 1940, receiTecl. at the :L c::.. "' 

Bureau 1n an amelope poat.lllllrked at. Cowan, Taa.o- · _ ! ;;:.: ., · 

--- .,_ ~- - "'-t 

: .. ~-" J~~.J '~ 

'~Scl;', ;;/:C\0 · 2 $-~): ~;~ i: ~~-~,· .. ·;::'::) '\ 

. 

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easee. -~ 

4t .. ........ = 

In Tin of the tact. that. Ccnran1 TanneeaM ··, ~: § 1a located 1n the Kerupt>.ia territory, a oow ot the 

anony1110ua letter ia being turniahecl. JOUr office 

tor appropriate attention. 

\~}J!:A! lno. ' 

c- Bure&11 

W •A. IIJRPHT' 

Special Apnt 1n Charp. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREi*W~LASSIFIED -~· DATE BY rJPffC?f}je+ c94- ; 

·-· --------- --- ... --~----- -·------

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........ 

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-- u 

CUYAHOGA FALLs, OHio 

• 

August 30 1940. 

Mr, J.Edger Hoover 

. , F.B.I. Washington 

\ " D.C. '~-

Dear Mr. Hoover; ./ 

~ I have just lea~ 6t the existence 

in Tennessee or a school called "Highlander's Falls 

School", has been in operation ror about 18 years, 

and is reported to teach Communistic doctrine while 

endeavoring to influence the local elections; in fact 

,. 

'· 

they have made themselves quite obnoxiout(.L / ·- r.r:cor.DED & I!\'DEXED ( ~- _! .:_ !__~_// :::__{£? __ This information is passed· on,l;o :)ou . . . .. -. V ~ t L • "'· - ~ : '- ; ,JJ 

only beeause of the report that certain well.)now,o 

I - .: ~ I 

people in Gove~ent - circles are helping to support 

the school and are sending Boys to the schiool. . ~~;. _ 

O?~- I am sorry not to be able to gilie ;jo 

the exact location or the school but I know your organization will spot the place in a hurry • 

May I as just an ordinary American 

! " \.· 

ofrer to you and your grand 

of real appreciation. 

orglnization a hearty word t.,\'.,., ;- · ~}\ , ,~ 

Respectfully submitted if ~ 

SEP5? 
/ •. 

.-· i '6 

• ,)W) 

'·. ' ' - . , ... ,"~Tl..m 61-7511~ 

:i~ 

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'~"' .... ___ _ .. ,.,: ........ __ 

···------

I wt.h t.o aclmowW,. "c•s.pt. ot par 

htt.er d&t.~ ~ )01 1940. 

' '' 

tour courteer and lnt.erHt. 1D b1'111giac t.~JS• 1ntol'llllt1on to ., at.tent.1on are 1JI4oed apprec1ate41 

aDd ,ou fiAT be aaaured JVIU" letter w1ll ncdn appropriat-e 

cona1d.erat1on. 

.... 

., K' . , -·~- -u 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~-~LASSI[JED ,_ \ . · 

DATE 4 BY&e-&{i).cJct) / . " "' r!)l}s lt..z · ~ --~ -::.: 

~C-~-M-:Ii-J 1-, 1-CA-::T:-:-1 0-:-;:N S::-;::'S E;:-;:C::;-11~u;;;IN ?- § Kl · 

MAILED K' 

* SEP 111940 * 

P.M. 

Jj fEDERAl BI;REAtJ Of IHVESTIUAllON 

,- U.S. 0£f'ARl"HHl Of JUSTICE 
4-750 12-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

c:1'/ Deleted under exemption(s) _L__.,7c___C,_.- _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

=:J infonnation pertained oniy io a third party. Your name is iisted in the titie oniy. 

Uocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

______________ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page<s) refe1Ted for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

____ ____ as the information originated with them. You will 

hP fl:(h-i':'Pd nf availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pagels! withheld for the following reason(s): 

.For your information: LLTTU?.. 71-Jn.';::., 

/ [lr The following_llumber is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

-~J~5iL---~------------------------------------ '7 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
.. _--; ! ~j 

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... '. -·~ .. - -r · .. --~ ; !-

.... ~; "" 

. ,\'\-I . .-.:. :~/-';• :• l.·:--,:-~_;~;: ... ~ .. ~~--.~~~ • ~~'"; .. ·. . ~- •. ' . - -. · I c.b w atr~tMwledp JOV let.t.er ·,....1-ncl a\ U.S. '· c -

aaz-u Oot.ober 24, 1940, aad w thank pu. ffll' JriiU CIOIII't..,- ' : 

ancl im.eNa\. ln •L t.1J1r u ~ a4. - . · ·' .. . ...,.. - ~ 

. I ban aoW wi\.h ~\.\.be lato~~~&Uoa o•t.eiMd 

1D pur let.ur, aad 1t ,_ .,.. t.o meal \ba l4enUt.r at \be 

WOl"UA\ t.e 1ltlca J011 .u. ..ruen-. I abov.l4 lie phue4 w 

l:io.n b1a lat.eni....S ..,..~ Uae abJect at.t.er et J"CCII1" 

lett.er. 

far pur iator.aUoa II'. c. L fi_.,_ 11 ~''' 

~\ 1D Cbi<Jop ot r1IU balcdlle Field ottiee loe&W at . lin llallilt.«l laUOD&l Iaiit lldl.41D&, lnaacrille, te~•, 

aDd JOIU' cooperaUoo in CVDllbiJII uq ed4i\.1-.l data p..,. 

\Ahhl t.o \he iDt.ernal aMUJit.f ef \h1a CGU\17 ~ •• f 

fteJ'It.aDe woJl4 la4Hd be et real uaiat.llllo.. -

- .• ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED --

~~~~~~;~1C,u;;';-

__ ._ ___ _ 

""'· ~ ______ ._ 

·-- ~-- ... ----·- ....... ~ ... --- .. __ 

... 1M\;!' 

--

----

ec - lnordlle . <•1 coViiie~Ti;'i 

MAILED 

* Ji.OV 4 1940 * 

P.M. 

FEDE.KAt lt.:IEAU Of INVESTIUATIO~ 

U. S. D£PARf.EHT Of JUSTtCE 

I 

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lnoX't'Ule, 'teunNIovlllllber S, 1940 

• ' ... p -· 

Special .Acct. 1n CIIU'p 

K.phU, '-·-

---( 

Att.acbed beret.o JOII w1ll find 

Bllrew letter ot lo"t•ber 

dreaaed to 

~~.~.uh'th181rU.le, 

JOur t.U.a. 

,. ,. :_ .. 

c. '· P'IERS'l'OII, . Special Aplt 1n Cb&rp. 

c • 

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c 

lnoxville1 'fenne•-

lovember e. 1940 

'. 

Special Apnt 1n Char .. 

Ac.~~ph1a 1 Tenn•••" ~ 

Dear Sira 

l 

lub- ~?c.-- t.he Burea111e letter 

bad a nllllber. of 001r.1enta. A aop7 ot 

'not.at.l.orw are not being retained b7 tbh ottloe nor 

-'-•-r.L•r belng acknowledged becauee lt would eppear \bat t.hen 

1a nothine apeo1t1c 1n ber oo!lplalnt. and 1t aeeu \bat poaelb'J.T 

ahe 1e a b1t on the erratic aide and with "17 Uttle eooour~$ 

ldgbt •neap 1n exterusiTe po1ntleee aorreapondenoe. 1'be letter ill 

being forwarded tor the 00111plet1on ot your ru ••• 

V•rr tN17 70ura, 

CUaPBP' C. l. FIERSTOII 

8pec1al Apnt 1A Charge 

61-12 ~ 

CC - Burem 

lncloaure 

· nmr.m ~ (- I -7 .S-/1 - ~ ,K ~~/ FEDERAL BUREAU Or INVEST!G;,11:):_1 

P.LL INFORMATION CONTAtNED 6 NOV 12 1940 

HEREIN#~7JtSSIFI~D ~ DATE c? BY r"Pft6~0t.: c?-I.S -
4-750 12-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

D Deleted under exemption(s) -------------------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Infom1ation pet-wined only to a third party. 

u Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

----~-- • was/were forward~d to them for direct response to you. 

~a,ge<,S refAed for con~tion to .the following government agency(ies); 

v_. . t! •"~ 'I J.f'J'TI.. UJ(}f.tJ(..£ as the information originated with them. You will 

h" ocvi"ed of avad;.bility upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(") withheld for the following reason(s): 

Ll .For your infonnation: 

~The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

ftJ- 'l ~~-.._J_._I_---.q,___ ________________ _ 

xx:·:xxx 

XXX XXX 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X A~AAAxxxA~Axxxxxxxxxx 

FBI!OOJ 
( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Pagc(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

Q3'/ Deicwd under exemption(s) --~-"'-----'-7--~----------- with no segregable 

m<ltPrial available for release to you. 

'! 

lnfom;ation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

l:llnn;;ation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

u,r...:ument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

_______________ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pag-\"•(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

______________ as the information originated with them. You will 

•,,, "'" !"·d of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

cJ:.!•- -.. .. ·,\ JtidH_·id for the following reason(s): 

"" , •Jur infOnnation: _L_t_-n_"L_!C. _ __._!-~/_?_~.:...~'-'--T)_J.:...-I....:'·I_::...::.p_f-P_._A-"'..::..:..uT ____ _ 

/ 

., __ · _ " 'f 1•1' following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

/.'-'?SI-10 

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X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBl/DOJ 
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·~~ 1:' •. 

.------ ----~-------. ------- I 

JlE~~ \ _, . .,----

r., _ 7 ? I I - 1~ 

... ·. 

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---

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Die kr .,, 191.0 

. ~· 

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Raoeipt 18 &aknolrl.edpd ot 70111' ~tter, 1ll tb 

encl.oauro, clit.t.ed Novaaber 71 1940, aD1l dn1N to ttal* 

7ou tor 7f¥IJ1' 1Dtereat 1D ap1n OOI'I'Upondi.JI£ with th1a 

BAt 'llo 

. . 

.U I t.n pNViOUIIJ.¥ a4YU..S, Xro C. K. Fieretca 

s.. speo1al AgeDt 1n cmrp or tot. ~ taaneuee, ~ 

l>ivieion, and uq data. 70U dee to be of interest \o \h1a 

Bure&u oan be eubc1 tted dintotlT to ada. 

8iDoeNll' 70UI'II' 

oo - lnaXville (with oop1u of 1ncom1Jic) 

p ~~. 

FE.0£RAt- I:HiRi:.lo.'J ~-~.'nli .f·' ut. 

U. $. (j[f,t.,..JIIIH.H·· l · J.,~\, ... 

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Director 

{ . 

·--------~--, 

B'rllrrul iiurruu of lnurstigul 

Unitrll itutrs i!lrpartmrnt of Justirr 

Kno):ville, Tennessee 

November 16, 1940 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

i'iashington, D. C. 

-- ~ 

Dear Sir: 

Reference 

(61-7511) addressed to 

Nashville, Tennessee. ·--' 

As will be noted from my letter of November 8, 1940 to the ' ' 

Memphis Office, added a number of extensive comments on 

the original of the Bureau's letter to her and transmitted it to me. 

Because of the ra~bling nature of her communication, it was not acknodedged and no copy of it w:J.s retained at this office. 

Todey I ~n in receipt of a long two-page co~~unication from . 

--

The com:nunic:J.tion is on two sheets of pe.per and iR . 

on bo sides. The first sheet is on the letter head J?cwhile the second is on the 

Nashville. 

While parts of her communication are undecipherable, it appeu-s that is dissatisfied with almost everything in the A 

world, and besides expressing her views on the present world situation, ...c· '7(.._ 

she gives an extensive genealogical outline of her own ancestry. Enclosed with the letter was a newspaper clipping pertaining to the Highlander Folk School and the first couple pages of the Septe~ber issue 

of the Reader's Digest, all of which appear to be much ado about nothing in particular. 

It appears from the ra'1!bling context of letter i?C--

that she is carrying the burdens of the world on her shoulders because 

she touches generally on com-nunistic tendencies, relieious. proclivities, 

her own genea.loe;r, the recent election, etcetera, etcetera. 

No acknowledement is heine made to co.munication /'J(_, by this office 2nd it is suggested that in the event urther ... 

!;l£ilf~8UB RECORDED & INDEXED ,j., ~~ /- r I :: i I - /I' 

.~."_;· ;~;~l ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED ~~o~RAL ~!~~u;~~~;~~s~,;~m~' V ,r~ ,~- ) Hrm:rl't 1~ ''~'"' 11t-t-1r-1::n 

• . \,.--~\ DALT,,EL"~~·~.~~r~~,,LnB.;Y"""r+~--~ -~\ ~ us iii"~ ., ;'11 '\~ ·; 

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Director - 2- November 16, 1940 

writes the Burenu, that no reply be made because she evidently needs 

very little encouragement to spend long hours in writing out her 

worries. 

By carbon copy of this letter, letter is being ../. ?~ transmitted to the Memphis Office for inclusion in its files and no 

copy of it is being retained in this office, 

CKF:PBF 

cc - Memphis (Enclosure) 

Very truly yours, 

~"c....r ""'L;"'••c• 

C. K. FIERSTONE 

Special Agent in Charge 

- 2-
.. \\ 

( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

L~· Delc•ted under exemption(s) -=--#~ __ _:7.___c_....... _____________ with no segregable 

ma!erial available for release to you. 

=:J Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

liit\,mlation peitained only to a thiid party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

c__! lJueurnent(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

_______________ , was/were forwarde'd to them for direct response to you. 

f'er••(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(iesl; 

as the information originated with them. You will 

·cL ''"rl of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

i ao.;\'' · ; '>'.ltllheld for the following reason(s): 

f· ,;:- \ uur infOnnation: LcrTLJ.:. U· en! 

[_:_! TL fdlowing number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

. · r;s 1/ - I ;;._ 

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X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OOJ 
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J~M~pt~u, Tenoeu• 

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'franuitt.ed bar..-{t.b w1l1 be toiiDd eop1u 

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addrea .. ci t.o 

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letter of Uovuber 4, 19/1)1 have been appareat.ll 

Uw!vertentlJ" eent t.o the ~Ule Otrlce becaUII laahYille 11 looat.eci 1D t.M llllllpb11 dUt.rS.o\0 · 

and th4• DDp1ea are belag t.raaMIIit.t.eci tar U. . 

COI!IPltUon of J'DlU' ftle in t.h1l Mtt.er d 11oa1 

ban been ret.a1neci at. t.hia oftS... 

'· 

CUI Pill' C. I. PDaS'lOJI 

Special &pnt. 1D Cb&r,. 

' .I 

~" . 

' . 

Enclosure• EEOOr:PLv ~- I~DEXJ.; 1 . . . / 3 -. 

t ; . I .l ld- 2~1!- . \.:;.: '1 . . r -. tEUEilAL BUREAU Of lt\\'ESTIGATION 

~ }.tliNFORMATION CONTAINED . 6 DEC 12 19~c 

HER~I~~~~LASSIFIED ~ :;:.,.. DAT . . BY -SPc~:@-<?b · · . cYf 1:5 Jl,:Z 

'• 

. . 

l) 

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4--750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~ .1- 7 C- .__j Deleted under exemption(s) ----=-------'------------~ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

:::J lnfom1ation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

~~ Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L..J Document(s) originating with the following government agencylies) 

-----------------, was/were forward~d to them for direct response to you. 

f'oge(s) referred for consultation to the following government agencylies); 

----------·---as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

'" :>clvisPd of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

htgPis) withheld for the following reason(s): 

. !] . For :vour infonnation: 

c-/ .L. The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

01-'lSI/-1-

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X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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. : - ~· --·-·'--

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OFF 

-.. •. ~ ... ~· ... 

FEDERAL 8 j\TION 

UNITED STATE:> u~r-IV\1~~ -..r JUSTi/ICE 

December 6, 1940 ---- } j- ........ __ _ fli' .. _ 

I 

~"lth reference to tJtt~ttached , I •· ...... ----

called CongressnanfJones and informed •• -~· him that I was una~le to find any •• , •• ., 

record of anyone in the FBI who •• ! •• 

talked to 'the Con.c:ressnan yesterday •• !-__ _ .. .. with r(]Jerence to the investigation .,.\_ ·· ~ ,_ of theU!iiphlander Fol'k School, Th.e • ..\ .. ,_-_---

. " . ~~-- :;., Congressman stated he called yester- t 

:.(j}·. ~ .. ·· __ ,.:(fj· -'. day and tclked with a JLr. Holtzer '"'"i-

< ._i.;£i_ -·::;- \ .. 4 (phonetic). Th.e Congressman advised -~---- ; . (JI'··s.· )' -t'i~f 

- '·. 

-- - -"·-· 

- ~?"·' - -_· r,.r::J \that this !.'r. Holtzer (he stated he •··t"---- .._,., _ _ .,:;· _ ..,.'." .. ":·-~ ~was not sure of t.'te name but that it •··r---- - _ _ _ - --·- "'-". 1 :o ~nded li 'ke Polt:;er) call e~ .'l ~" bac;; ••• - ~ - "" -· - ··~ J' ;~ r.:orning and 'Informed hHI ,h:;t the... ---

. : ._.,:c·~-- :.,: .. : __ --.;~':-,;-:.'7·1 files on this i nvestigatior. were -t----- .. ~·,:c··· ·y··~~~ . .-.::!;:~i;'>:',.;:~:;Y:'t1 confidential. I told the Concre<:nr:an th re is 

;;;:•·; "J. ;,' ·.-.. -;--::'_-_-; •• ~)!'.-::H,':'i;;::,;;:;;:)::f;.fJ5V:~ no one in the Bureau by that nau. He t~en said '

0 > ··--•,.: •• , ..• ,- ·:..·; .• ·.;,r:::::-;,e:.;;·;.•:.·A·-_···¥<_ ..... -_f~-i>-'2'1 he called the Department of Justice c;nd •as con-

' • -,~----""'o-·_. ~- -i nected with sorrteone; that he thought he as tallr-

~f ----~i~r ;~~hw~~Z 1~~a~z;;e~~t J"~~s~~c~~s probably taHir.£: 

~ ~ It is possible he z.oas tal'king with Judp Holtzoff. 

--:;¥- _·.;....:_- .. 1:.. ¥: c ~."'t~ 

.... ~ 

I told the Concressman the FF:I was 

an investigati~n of the Highlander 

of Tennessee, 

not ond:~cti ng 

Follr School 
--;;'!~!~~ __ . ' ~ ._1 r-_rl 

-~--d - . -.... -~ 

. . ' 

1.· 

_:, ·.:,....; - .. ' ~ 

. .. ' 

/. 

'· .}<1._1-lN EDGAR HOOVER 

DIRECTOR 

SJT: } .. -LG 

i 

·. 

Q ------- .Jurrau of lnur.tigation ·-· ·-

Jinitrll ltatr• llrpartmrnt of Ju•ticr 

Ba•l}ington, lt. G!. 

December 6r~-- - ---

l'E!'O?..!NDW/ FOR T'TE DIRECTOR 

~~--::·' ': . ,, .. , "-4. 

. \ i :~- :,·~~:- J 

~·- ~""{: 

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MT. C1a.~.... . ....... . 

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1

:: ~::~;_:::::·.·-~: Y...iB• C.;:xdy .••.•..•. 

······ ·----- ...... ----- ----

- to Con;:ressman Jones of Ohio, 

called in~ this morning advising that the Congressr-an had talked k'ith someone in the L::re::.u yesterda?J afternoon 

c0ncerning the investigation of thd Hip~lander Folk School in 

Tennessee; that t'e Congressman desired that she, pcr~onall~ review this file to ascertain what investigation 

had been made. 

I informed that all files in the Bureau 

flre cor:fidential ar;d that any request .for .files would of 

ncccst:ity have to be r,;.ade of- the -Attor-ney General's Offtce; 

'oc.:cvcr, I infomed her furt'ler that an inquiry had been made 

recently with reference to the Highlander Folt School and that 

a che ct of the files of this Bureau had failed to reveal that ~uch an investigation had been made~ 

asked many questions concerning the 

Bureau's jurisdiction in matters concerning schools allegedly 

communistic and from the questions asked and from her personal 

appecrancc, I ~auld jud7e that mipht be unduly 

in teres te r! in radt cal acti viti es, probably fran a sympathetic standpoint. 

I have been unable to find any record of anyone 

ta.llring with Con;;ressr.an Jones and there is no record of such 

c call having been received in the Director 1s Office, 

I will call the Con2ressr:~an and inform him that this 

Bureau has not r::ade an investigation of the Highlander Folt 

School at L'ont Eaole, Tennessee, »•·<·•· I . _ j • ..-.vvl(.(;i'.Jl: {£ (- r"} 5/l _.. L 

AlL INFORMATION CONTAINED Res;ectfull y, /rc:DERA. !!"' -,., nF ~~·v :c· ,;:,· •.> 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ,--...__ -...,.r{f"'if:s:>:a1 ~· = i . u~;;r [)-;;~'E .:;/')ti/yc/ BY 0P8''J!ilf0k \ ,~ .. v 17 i9iO 

Kl .1.:/~ c!Jl./. -~ S. J.. Tracy 

1 

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It will be recalled telepho~ed the other da·• fA 

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Ja.'luary 4, 1941 

HTGHI.;.CJD3.". FCLJ{ SCHOOL 

.• '• - --· -· There appeared in T;1e --CIO News for Dece::1ber 2, 1940, 

on' Paze 8, the followinz ite:n: "S"-fport'=Bi:;hlander Folk School" -

"The program and aims cf the Highlander 

Fell: School at J:or.tea?le, Te!!fl., were 

endorsed by the CIO ccnvention, and 

efforts to discredit and defame the 

school were condemned as 'an attack on 

the progressive labor movement of the 

South. 1 

'~ighlander conducts a year around program 

of education, recreation aad organization. 

In adCition tc six weeks' resident terms, 

it holds institutes, conferences and cooper:J.tes with unions in field work. These 

activities the convention declared, 'have 

~ade the school a target for attacks of 

anti-lcbor forces.'" 

•.•.• ,# 

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e{_ 

RECORDED v-,. 7u/l- /6 

i fDERAL BciP.EAU OF INI'ESTIGATIO 

6 JAN 13 194L ,.. .... ./"'""" / ·'· 

U.S. DEPARn.it:Nf:Of'JUSTICE 

(<, I ~ ' 
4-750 12-7-791 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemptionls) _.:_A-~_, __ 7~ __ E_-___________ with no segregable 

0 

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[] 

material available for release to you. 

Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Documentls) originating with the following government agencylies) 

______________ , was/were forward~d to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) referred for consultation to the following government agencyliesl; 

------------------as the information originated with them. You will 

b~ fl.dvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reasonls): 

·For your information: 

~,.following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

x;l-?~1/-17 

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. 111nitrll ltatrsllrpartmrnt of Justirr · 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

April 9, 1941 

Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C • 

OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

Dear Sir: 

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During the investigation presently being 

made of the Highlander Folk School it was necessary 

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to photoeraph a large number of documents, part of 

Which had to be used immediately in the investigation. 

Consequently, the photographs were developed and those 

few needed for imnediate investigation were enlarged, 

The forty-two negatives which were not • _.,. .... A ... ~ .--.......A-= .. + .... 1 ..... ~-""' ,._..,...;..,.."' a,..,.., ,...raA !:I"A: +'ha "Qw,,..A!:Ii11 .l.l'C"I:JU.'Cl'U. ..L.IIIJ:J!;;;;~Q......c;;.L.f go,.L ~ l,lt;;;.t,.Lolo& o;;>.LJ. .... .4V~o;;; .... ,...., .... ..,.,..,""' ....,,.,., ....,_ .... 

is requested to furnish this office with two enlarged 

copies of each. It is not necessary that these be 

enlarged to their natural size but only need to be 

enlareed to a size which will permit them to be easily 

read, \~en these enlargements are received, the Knoxville office will submit a supplementary report concerning the information on them. 

f;LL liif'ORMATION CONTAINED 

L:rm:: !"UNCLASSIFIED 

cr.TE c;;,~ le>.t BY &?815J;)/~. 

Very truly yours, 

.....&or~ c.t-.cc' # 

C, K. FIERSTCNE, 

Special Agent in Charge. 

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April 15, 1941 

·• 

Special Agent. in Ch&rp 

Federal Bureau or Invest.1gat.1oft 

United St.ates Department or .Juatioe 

1407 J!&ll'.llt.on Ne.tional Bank 

ll.noxville, Tennossee 

,., •. I 

U.l. 

1. 

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1m t HlGHI.ll'iDZR pOIJ: SCTlOOL . 

IliT:::?JlAL S:XURIT! - C 

Dear Sire 

. u. requested in ;rour letter W the Duroau 

dated Aprl.l 91 1941, there are enclosed berwrlt!:, t.wo 

enlari"'.:i ,,hot.oeraphic prints or each and the fort,.- •. 

boo .-:e~tiTOII Of photographa taken in COnneeticn Wit.h · abou entit.led lllltt.er. 

. ' 

John Edgar Jlo~er 

Director 

PU INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~ ~~lr~LAS$1FIED ;:> DATE < fY5'J§j? 

. ·v ~ill~ 

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t 

12993 

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Director 

Jlcllrrnl iBurctm of lnul'lltigntion 

iltnitl'll itntcs Dcvnrtment of Justice 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

April 24, 1941 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

;,ashington, D. C. 

Dear Sir1 

o· 

HIGHLMiDER FOLK SCHOOL 

;,,J.ionteafrla;·'fenne.ssee 

INTEHNJi.L SECURITY - C 

, '... , . 

• .. . • 

Please refer to the letter from Knoxville to the fureau 

· dated October 6, 1939; letter from the Bureau to Memphis, dated 

_/// October 13, 1939, and October 30, 1939, Bureau file No. 61-7558, 

/ which concerned a made by J? 'J"'l 

.j on this school. It will be noted -<) .Y 

the Knoxville Office could not locate a copy of this report 

at that ~ and advised that the report appeared to have been made 

for thrlffierican Federation of Labor and to have been forwarded -to 

-,.TLUAJ~Sll; its President, The :&lreau in its letter dated October 

30, referred to above, advised that no further effort should be made 

to obtain copies of this report through the American Federation of 

Labor. 

and was made by 

Ccpies of five affidavits, 

report, are also bein~ enclosed • 

••••••• was located in Knoxville, Tennessee, where ~ '}]) 

he is employed by the City, and the report was gone over with him 

to ue1ermine if he had any additional information in his possession. 

1 

·~L INFORMATION CONTAINED 

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~ .tRE!N IS U CU\SSIFIED :\~OOD!m .t INJJ~;x Rll 

DATE~~-9'-i~ BY0Pt&JJ9p ~ .)J.fJt II C<jJ•,·~s .. 

- ;:- :Oe~rRoYED -r· - 118 APR 24 . _ ~- J !Jc-, 
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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 4-14~ C. K. FIERSTONE 61-12 

He advised that the investigation had been made so long ago that he had 

no recollection of the details of the report, but after reading it advised that he had been very careful to report only facts in this investigation. ~hen questioned regarding the reason for this investigation 

having been made, advised that a grant of about $15,000 

had been made by the United States Government to the Highlander Folk 

School for the installation of printing equipment, but that a report 

had reached the Governor of the State of Tennessee from some source 

rec;ardinc the communist teaching of the school, and that the Governor 

had personally requested that this investigation be made before the 

check was sent to the school. advised that he personally 

discussed this matter With the Governor of the State of Tennessee at 

the date his report was made and that as a result of his belief that 

the school was definitely col1llliUlli.stic, the Governor had refused to 

grant the money to the school and had blocked the paym'3Ilt of the $15,000 

which had been authorized. ' 

·····~advised that he knew of no connection of the 

American Federation of Labor -with this investigation and that so far 

as he knew no copy had been forwarded to the President of the American 

Federation of Labor, ViiLUAli GREEN, at Washington, D. c. This matter 

is being further reported on in the case entitled above in a report 

vmich is now in the process of dictation. 

6 I.PBF 

61-12 

Enclosures 

Very truly yours, 

..... '?,{-: /"~ lr.fl 

C. K. FIERSTONE 

Special Agent in Charge 

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4-750 (2-7-79) ( (, 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion, 

~eleted under exemption(s) __ .t---'-_-__ r_7~j)'---------------~ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

U Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

D 

_____________ , was/were forwarde-d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

he orlvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

·For your infonnation: 

~The Jollowing number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

__ b I - 1~ I J -15 DJc.Losf./t?: c. 

X XXX XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

*NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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This case origimted at Kl!OXVILLE, TENliESSEE File No. 61-12 

T Report-nade-;;:.-- ----,Da-te-made- -rrer:i.cid-- -- ---,1-Rep-or_t_m_oade_b_y_ /) I' ~ i 

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KNOXVILLE, iENN. I 4-10-41 y '24,25/Ll; . I AEB l - l I 4/1,)J41. I Character of case 1 

1---HI---~G-HU. __ • __ ND_t._··R_F_OLK--SC_H_O_OL ______ --J INTERN:.L SECURITY - C l 

Title 

SYNOPSIS: 

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HIGHL~JDER 701!' SCHOOL 61-12 

The Highlander Folk!. ool was org~nized durine~9 on 

ground donated by Dr. LILLIAN W •. OHNSON, whose, present mail dress is 

124 E:1st 1lichigan Avenue, The P lms, DeLand, Florida. MYLE ORTON and JAJ.:ES~O!.lBRCFISKI were believed to be the active org::>.niz.:Jrs of the school. 

The land was donated by Dr. JOffi,SON because she believed that it would 

benefit the local inlJc.bitants and would educate them and improve their 

working conditions. 

A ch~rter was issued to the lliehlander Folk School on January 31, 1934 by the State of Tennesse~ and this ch:1rtcr is recorded with 

the Tennessee D8p:>rtmcnt of State in Volume 0-12, p;:tge 146, in the office 

of the Secretary of State at N~sf.:ille, Tennesse0, The school las chartu··.,d by lJJ:1S :!ORTOK, ELIUBETH'flA'·';ES, JAJF.ES DOMBRGYSKI, RUPERT HAMPTON, 

and !I:ALCO:lli CHISHOW. 

The Highlander Folk School is loc~ted in Grundy County, Tcnn:ss~e, aLout two miles north of !5onteagle, Tcnncssae, on State Ro:J.d 

56 coing toward Tr:.cy City, T<Onnc;ssoc. This section is mountainous .:.nd 

he:1vily v:oodLd. 

Throe p8rsons are reported to have been associated ~~th it 

in a directing c~pccity almost from.thc st~t of the school up to the 

prcs2nt tims. 

HilliS HORTON, Director of Education, is the one whose name 

is most oft~n mentioned as b~ing the leader of th£ school, and lives 

as 

1>/TTES HORTON teaches Communi~m and has solicited nc:mbe;rship in .the Young 

Communists' League from various pEcrsons, loc2.lly. HORTON is also reported 

to h'lVG been one of the founders of tha Commonwe:1lth College at Mena, 

i.rk:.nsns. HORTON is rsport"d to h:1v. spent t~·1o yco.rs in Russia, but it h~s not be ;:on pcssible to determine cvecn on approxim.a tc date. 

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HIGHU.l:DER FOL.'\ SCHOOL 61-12 4-10-41 

J.'.J.!ES DOMBROWSKI, S0cret:1ry of the Highlander Folk School, 

is th~ person who signs all of tho m'lil SGnt out by the schoo:t. rcqu~sting 

contributions and designc.tes himself on these letters 'l.S chairman, with-

~ cut saying what he is ch:J.irman of. In a Lttcr :.ddressod by 

J ~thens T~nnes · 

to Sweetwater, Tennessee, dated 16, , to have signed a bulletin issued by the 

Revolutionary Policy Committee of the Socialist P~ty in 1934 stating they 

would "make every effort to promote the world revolution :md to secur$ 

Governmental power for the victorious revolution by arming the workers 

and by prepo.ring the vmrking class to turn imperialist war into class war." 

He is also reported to have solicited persons to join the Young Communists• 

League at t~eE:::~~;H D.\Y/HXC:ffiS, better known a~ ZIU...\~AWES, has been 

active as a teacher in th'/ ~chool from its begin.'1ing a:1d is reported to 

h:;ve been especially strong in her teaching of Co!"mllPis.+.ic princi!)les o.nd 

how they c:m be used in labor agitation. She is r:trri , ! ~~.-. FR.i\.NZJD.'..NIEL 

and both are listed as being signers with DOMBROWSKI < tk bulletin of 

the Socialist Party• s R~volu tionary Policy Commit tee rm. tioned above under 

J.~.~S DOJ.:BRCYiiSKI • S name. 

A photogr::plc of the above mentioned lstt.:,r dated Novembsr 16, 

1940 written by is being enclosed as Exhibit No. l .. AIII 

••• is in Florida at the prsscnt time, too ill to be interviewed, and 

is not expected to live. .~ lead is being se-t out to contact the State 

· Americanization Cornrrd. ttee of the 'cmeric::n Legion :.t Nashville to locate 

the Socialist Party bulletin r39=rred to. The original of 

letter is in possession of ipl Tracy City, Tenness~e. 

S2vcral other pc,rsons ar8 presently living at the school and 

appear to have some officir.l connection with the schvol of a more permanent n:<ture th:m thos~ listed later "-s wachers. 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

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4-10-41 

iv,>m:,~, Signal Mountain, Tennessee, 

mother, Wrs. FR ·,NK fOONJ:aJ[N runs om :mtique shop in Red B:mk, Tennessee, is employed at tho Hit',hlnnder Folk School and lives there at the 

present time. Postmaster at 1!ontcagle, Tennessee, says 

LOUISE CONKLHJ is secretary of the school and rcc<mtly replaced Miss 

lOUISE GR:.TH.',l' DICHJ-':\JI, who is presently redding at 233 West l.lenomonee 

Street, Chicago, Illino~ 

Ji:i ss J,;m{:.LIEN Yl:l.S reported by to h::.ve 

arrived at the school on about March 15, 1941 and seCtlS to be helping 

"~'"'"Y on the buoiness of the school, but her exnct duties and position 

are not knovm. She is believed to be from Flint,, 1:ichig:l.9 as letters 

from the school :1r" being :J.ddressed to Mr. and Mrs. Yr. R.f.'.LLEN, 1701 

East H=ilton :.vunuc, Flint, Uichigan, Letters addresser'J to Flint, l!ichigan did not mnkc thE.ir app~nr:.nce until after Miss ALLEN arrived at the 

school. 

Mr. 'C. H. KIIBY, nn employee of the \,_ .... ,.'SS£C Consolidated 

Co'll Comp~ny, whoso- office is at Tracy City, Tcmn..:SZ2c, hc.s been extremely 

::.ntc:-2:ted in gGtting the Highlander Jo'olk School out cf Grundy County 

bec::.use of the trouble they ha.ve stirred up there a.mong the WP.\ employees 

and tho bugwood cutters o.nd this oottcr h::.s almost reached the point of 

being an obsession ~~th him. He h:1s org~nized a committee of local residents of the better cl::~ss which cnll thcmsdves the Gru11dy County Crusaders, 

who.,., :;ole purpose is to comb!lt the Hir,hl1lnder Fclk Schcol and its teachings. The antagoniam that each of these groups feels for tho other has 

'reached such a point that ~~ere w~s d:::.nger of open conflict between them 

during November of 194o and it was feared for a time that local citizens 

would burn the Highlander Folk School buildine;. In all contacts in this 

investigc.tion, the persons intervizvred were qu~stioned reg:trding l<!r, KILBY 

and they W·"re uniformly of the opinion that he is a reputable citizen 

and th:t t his feeling to1'ro.rd the school is a patriotic desire to rid the 

county cof a subvcrsiv" influence. Those inte-rviewed were also questioned 

reg!lrding the possibility of Jj, KILBY•S position with the coal company 

and th8 labor troubles >.hich coal compGI~ies occasionally h:lve being 

responsible f'or his fe.•ling in the matter, but everyone advised they had 

never heard Y~. KILBY make any remarks against org3nized labor and in fact 

bc,lieved tha.t he YlJ.S entirely in favor with it. There w!ls no evidence 

thr.t the Tennessee Ccnsclidnted Co:11 Ccmpnny VIas furnl.shing any financial 

o.id to l.;r. KTLPY 0r r~,.,,- '>st:i.r,g +.h~t hr. rarry on his activities !lg::tinst the 

srhonl. 

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HI GHL.\l'IDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 4-10-41 

L~. KILBY h~s ~massed quite a l~rge quantity of corresp:ondence, leaflets, printed matter cmd such which the sch'Jol has distributed and has vbto.ined numer~us affidavits from pers·~ns who have been in 

the sch:~l as students and frcm n~tiveos whc have had scme connection Tlith 

tk schc:cl. These signed affidavits are being set cut as Exhibits Ncs. 3 

thrcugh 20. It v;ill be n·~ted that in almcst every instance these affidavits menti.)n the Comrnunist flag being displayed on the platform 0f the 

sch:cl, teachings of a definite c~mmunist nature, and attempts on the 

part .:f sevcr:1l cf those connected vd th the schcol tc get ~thers tc join 

the YJung Ccmr;unist Lc;~,guc. Whsre the Yeung Communist League is menticned 

~ .. these affid·:lvi ts, the persuns identifying the card were sh:mn a 

Y:ung Ccmrrunist !.€ague lJcmbership Card which has been photographed and 

is being included ~d th this repcrt to the Bureau as Exhibit Nc. 24. It 

vr.:ls net possible k dctormine th.:, origin cf this c:o.rd and the names on it 

arc: not kncwn in Grundy C'cunty. This c.::trd is presently in J.!r. KILBY•S 

possession. 

Exhibit; ~b. 21 and 22 are included wi + r, +.he affidavits 

in L:r. KilBY• S, file but have not been signed as yet. J,:r, KILBY reports 

~~~bits are Jeing s~;~ ~~t~~: ~i~~~~~~i~~f~~ec~:i~~a~ t~~; ~a;w~et a 

c cmplete sta toment frcm regarding the teachings and the teachers 

2 t the sch~ol (Ot the time he attended. 

Exhibit No. 23 is a prcpcsed affid:J.vi t which covers the 

details of the article written by JOHN McDOUGAL BURNS, repcrter fcor the 

N~shville:, Tennesse.:m, during his attendarJce in the schcul in 1939. Ccpies 

cf these newspapGr articl.;s have previously been furnished t~ the Bureau 

and :o.re n~t bdng set cut again, ,/' 

rP11rrt of ~ made while he 

en Hay 81 1935, to liiii!ll ••llllat that time ... Field Office concerning this 

. ·. c"rt and he advises th:J.t it was made at thG request cf the Gcvernor of 

. JC'll:Ssee because a gr:mt c·f mcney ab~ut tc be made to the Highl.::tnder 

::. Schcol by the United States Gcvernment tc fin:mcc: a printing plant 

was cbjectcd tc by :\r.erican Legicn cfficials. said he was 

d.ofini tely c:f the cpinicn th:J.t the schl.cl ltaS Comrnunistic and that ns n 

result cf his reccm.,endaticns, the grmt cf money tc th8 schccl was not 

rra.de • 

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HIGH1..;.NDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 

TE.\CHERS 

In :rder tG indicate the type ::>f pvrscns who have instructed 

students at the Hirhlandcr Fclk Scheel, this section cf the rtport will 

set cut the n:.mes of these known to have acted as teachers at the schccl 

in th~ p:1st. .~ descriptive fclder put cut by the Highlander Folk School 

fer its schocl year 1936, lists the follcwing teachers: 

MILES HORTON, 

J.'JI.ES OOMBROWSKI, 

ELIZ:.BETH D.\Y HAWES, 

RUPERT ltllJPTON• 

The phc.tost:>.tic ccpy of the repc:tL! ••••••• dated 

8, 1935, which is Exhibit Nc. 2, shows HILDynuoERT to have been cne 

cf the tev..chers at that time. 

J0'1l:J HcDOUG.\L BURNS in his articles i" t!:0 !!.ashville, 

':',:--::·J.:;os,een if, 193't :l r.apJrt ::f which is dontained i~.- S :hibit Jl:>. 23, 

~~~-: _ J.:.·: .';~ Uc;.:d instruct:rs, as,WILLI.u{EuTT~ICK, Dr •• ~THtJR"R;.?ER, ...... R•r·..._.,,CHE .. !, NLRB, and Fru,NK COFFEE, cf S,cial Secun.ty. 

In tha unsigned st3-tenent cf Exhibit Nc. 21, ,{, '/ ;_ 

::~ll·cv:inr: are listed as teachers flt the schc ol: 

FRANZ ~HEL (husband cf ZILLA H:.WES), 

i'i.'•LTER"PE.'I.RSON, / 

J. %;{1 HERSPOOrVDODGE (AP:: and S:Juthern 

Conference for Human i'/elfare), 

DOl MEKE7/, 

HERB£9-Yi~'i U.IAJ.!S ~ 

R. H{ JlRAZEL, 

CLYDJff.1:LLI.UlS. 

;. ccpy cf the Highl::.nder Fling, published by the Highlander 

.-, :k Schucl, dated February, 1941, is listed as Exhibit !Jc,~ 25 and shews 

":llcwine as instructors cr workers in the sch~cl in addition t::> these 

lis ted abc>ve: 

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(J 

61-12 

CLAUDJ.iWIS, 

1:l'.R'VL.WP.-:"<NCE, 

ZILPHIVHORTON (wife cf !JilES 

' 

4-10-41 

HORTON). 

This issue ::>f the Highlander Fling alsc lists an Executive 

C·c uncil which h~d just been fcrmed tc v;crk with direct:)rs :-f the sch:cl, 

fc-rmulatint; pror,r=s r.nd policies. This ccuncil met at the sch:vl Dece>!!lber Jl,th :md 15th and arranged a prcgnm f::>r 191,1. It sh:uld be nvted 

':-hi:t ::.11 ::>f th:se listed h:J.ve at scme time in the past ccnducted panel 

discussicns during resident krm~ eof the Highlander Folk SchcJl: 

BERl:.\RD /BOR\H, S:uthern Directcr, Am:llg~mated Cl:thing 

I \Lrkers :Jf America, 

ROY !EYNOLDS, President, Printing Pressmen's Unicn, 

I Chattancq;a, Tennessee, 

LUCY R'cNDOLPH t~~SCJ!I, Public Relations Represent:J. tive 

f for the c.r.o., ED'./.~Ril q CALLJ,GH.'JI, Vice-"resident and r. Lth.:rn Director, 

' 

ilnoric::m Federation vf Hc,cj_c;ry ·dorker:;, 

PAUL R, CHRISTOPHLR, Executive Secret:!I'y, '1'cnnessee Industrial 

I Unicn Ccuncil, 

GEORGE TrTIER, United l!ine Yfcrkers ~f America, District 50, 

Dr. ALBERT \B:.RNETT, Prcfessc-r -)f The~lcgy, Scarritt Ccllege, 

\ 

Nashville, Tennessee, 

L~~TT LYNCH, Ar.1erican Feder~ti:n :-f Hcsiery Wcrkers and 

Chairm:J.n :_f the Hic;hl'"ndc;r "'-lk Schc:·_ 

~ / ;'clumni .t.ssc-ci: tion, 

.\L'lON~W:RENCE, Scuthern Rcpresenta ti ve, lr:1b~r• s Nvn-Parti san 

\ League, 

Dr, GEORGE ~YHEW, Prc-fessor cf Religion, Vanderbilt University, 

1. Nashville, Tennessee, 

JOE -\)CB:fi, Plumbers' Unicn, :..F. (;f L., Chattancoga, Tennessee. 

LEoN\\'IILSGN is prssen~ly cc.mecte.J with t.h-3 Higtlmder Fclk 

sd-,,~;;1 in sGme cnpaci ty w.s o teacher anc' lives at the sch:Jol. The High-

~c.cd:r Flinc, Exhibit Nc·, 25, lists nn article written by LEON "'tt:ISON 

~:. c~ Lcc.l, u~t;hl:mder F2lk Scheel, J..n Inf:Jrmal Hisbry," It net 

where this article was 

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HI GHIANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Reverend JOHN B. THOMPSON (A.P.M. and Southern Conference 

for Human Welfare), is listed as a former instructor at the Highlander 

Folk School in a letter written by MILES HORTON dated November 5, 1940, J\ 17 which is quoted on page 150 of the report of Siecial Agent ~ v·rC--

1'/ashington, D. c., February 171 1941, entitled AMERICAN PEA~N. 

On page 151 of the same report a press release of the Highlander Folk 

Srhool dated October 29, 19M lists the following instructors: 

YEtVERTON)l30WHERD, Regional C.I.O. Director, 

A. HART'<"E~L, National Representa'tive, Labor No!"-

Par·.:c s:m league, 

BERNAiW BC'-l\H, Southern Director of the Amalgamated 

Clot~'~g Workers, 

PAUL C!L''hS EuPHER, Secreto.ry-Treasurer of the "'r;' 1essee ~+~,~ "rnrl,.~+ .... .; ~1 lTT'I-i nTI r.1"'1,,,..,,....; 1 t-' '7'-.:; ,.1..~«'-'ll,.l..:;> V.I. .._g._._ v~.~. ........ n . .&. ...,v...._.~ ... ..._.._~ 

ALTONv1..AT>lZl·lCE, Southern Directc,- :,f Labor'~ l.c"!·-

Pa~tisc~ leaGUe, 

7!IILUMIEJ.V'iS, Director of thc; '':::.e:e; and Hours Division. 

Additional persons listed only as speakers are as follo·.-rs: 

LUCY RANDOLP!l,MASON, Pu':>lic R;lations Repres">n~.'l'oive 

GEORG~r~;\~~~ ~fi ~~~' Ur:i tr:d R1Jbt·r~:- Wo:r·Kers; 

2Ll.ZR\ BROVm, Prcs~c'ei!t uf 'ch~ r:e;._v lo,-.k La~ a:.. ~~ 

the Typcgraph2cal ~r~on, 

VIRGIL{COKNER, Editor of the Southern News AL-:l8-n~c 

(~cpthern Communist neV<spaper), 

ORVILlE fM.':.STIN, Cooperative Expert, 

Dr. UILI.':.N /.TOHNSON, Donor of the Hithlander Folk School 

l

property, 

~TC!il': sc::-IlJL1L:::} ~ou-t:.he~n ;::;p:es~>nt.:.ti"~f. -,1 ~-he United 

t\."t~:.l Lnj ·:,;-wlc[.::;_l;._ l)r1}·-:':'l:;c'C:S '>i' -·~m~ ·i·:.,: 

ROY 5:-;~~.,r~~.n~;. Presid8!1t (.,i' the C~.: """t.:lPooea Pr- _:_~,tlng 

I ?r8~Rmcn s Unio~. 

Joe; G:::IDZRS, Secretary o~· ~"~ r:: n_ rlights Cc•r .it':.ee 

oJ; the Sout~2rn ConfE.rf'I:cc for Human Welf: r8, 

DErWIS/NEISON, and 

--F?.ESTQJ;{v:.LIEN, both of ~ Ur-i:ersity, 

.. L: .. , ~ RGOTfG' a YIE , 0 f the ~-;lnrn.c J"1 ' "' 'VVII':':_:'_- ~ , +t .... on ,.~,Q(' ,. 1' 1 + ,}.On · 

o Poll l'=• · · 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 61_:12 . 

SPONSORS 

The Highlander Folk School has been successful in obtaining 

the permission of many important persons to use their names as sponsors 

of the school, itself, or some of its activities. The most important name 

from thl standpoint of publicity which tl1ey have secured is that of 

I:UANOR ROUST<;VELT. Exhibit No, 26 is correspondence in the files of Mr. 

C. ;;. ;{ L3Y. In this exhibit it will be noted there is a report from some 

uru<nown person three paraeraphs in length·on an investig~tion conducted 

concerning 1:J.Il:S HORTON. Exhibit No. 25 also contains on the front page 

a prj'1t~ .. r>.;'Y of a let.t.E>r d' rdcted by ELEANOR ROOSEVELT to the Highlander 

h"' 'School. l:';xJ,ibit No. 27 is a photograph of a mimeographed sheet 

put out by the Highlander Fc:k School publicizing Mrs. ROOSEVET.:;::.s support. 

Exhibit No. 2B is a photo;r~ph taken f~om a news~>n~r 

article which published a ph<'twstat of the check anc~ letter wlu.~-h she sent 

tc the Ei.ghhnder Folk Sc:hool in 1940. Exhibit N<'. '27 is beinr, forwarded 

with all letters sent out by the Highlander Folk ~cnool asking for contributions from other persons. 

Exhibit No, 29 is a photograph of an announcement sent out 

by the ·~-·' ''incton Committee of the Highl;;nder Folk School about ., bnnefi t 

to be r, l•_n,,l in ·.:ashington, D. C. on December 6, 1?40. '.:t will bA nnted 

that 1r .~C,·:~.[' ~DSS h.as sibued the lt:tt~.;;r of Janu1ry 27. l94l whic:1 i~ attaC"L-o.l '~ t.:.:; s2rne exhibit and his wife's name.. aprears on the cr·n•~·tee, 

The L. st of S;JO::sors on this eYldbi t cont.""ins Iit:J.ny ~otable names.~- ,rA..!'r.ufncticatiVG Of the ina~ti.Vf? T\~,~~ "' At CC3~t a part Of thi$ Ppeu.q,•<·sjf'' /J'/C--

l;)thibi ... ~~-·· '"-' vm~h :ts an exchange o£ <>o•'l'••soO»ci=oe between and'O" 

Secreto-ry CORDElL HULL, is enclos<>d. 

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Exhibit No. 31 is a photograph of a circular put out by the 

Hichl:lndcr Fol!< SchoC'l concerni ~g t"le spnnsc:-shin of VK scl'>ool by JOHN L. {s.ns. 

Exhibit !~c 2SI, t•:-cviousl:r mcmt;_cnc;ct, ~!.·~r:-r. :i~"'·tt:lt,-'".:···J'n~C ~opv 

c f _ :· H·· Lh t:ondGr Fling, under the headline "Hi el-]J ... 1rter Bene> fit,'' reports 

on tn· V10~:ngton Ben~ fit hdd December 6, 191;0 und in addi tier .. ··v: that 

a New J.o·lc :omaittce gave a theater ben<>fi~ on Jo::-:1c·.;r ""• 191~1. A list of 

t.r-..... u.r, ..... r .. :r~ .. -;, ~-·"h ;.>J .... CH'".~::z ;!::: g:j.ve"'ln,.. 

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4-750 12-7-791 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption is) _ __:j.'-"',.,.----'7.___,£=..-=------------ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

LJ Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

--------------, was/were forward.:d to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

he Rd,·isPd of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pagels I withheld for the following reason(s): 

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0 .F·or your information: 

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~ThJ following number is to be used for reference "lgarding these pages: 

l2_}_--?s-l/-c20 ~. 16-1~ 

x~xxxx 

x;.._xxxx 

XXX'> .. 'XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
4-750 12-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

KXXKXX 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~leted under exemption(s) _ __.-1-:J.Ir- __ 'lL,. __ .DJ!!.':_ ___________ with no segregablc 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is iisted in the titie oniy. 

c.....J Document<s) originating with the following government agency(ies) _ 

__________________ , was/were forward,;d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

------------------~as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

hP advised of availabilitv upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reason(s): 

<For your infonnation: 

~ Th~ following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

r I n r1 I - 'I " _...., I 2 , L1 J:/---1 - I,;) fL- <:?'- (,1) ~./. I ~) l T 

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!ITGHLAJIDER FCJIJ( SCHOOL 61-12 

MISCELLANEOUS 

University of 

the Soutuh; at Sewanee, Tennessee, when questioned regarding-students 

who had jl'hovm an interest in the Highlander Folk School, advised that a 

• who received his B.A. and Masters Degree from the University 

of the South 

.... had been curious regarding e courses of ction at the Highlander 

'-'-':: School and VIas believed to have taken the r course there in 1940 • 

••• says he does not believe that ~s. a Communist and would 

in all probability give full details of his attendance at the HiGhlander 

Folk School. A lead is being set out to interview him . 

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HIGHU.!IDER ?OLK SCHOOL 61-12 

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~ck 

B5c:!uso MYLES HORTON v;c.s known to r(ogister at the 

of re:3istrc..tions w:lS mr:de ldth the assist.o:.nce 

IAINIIIIIIIIIII .. ~11--ll .. advised that he knew all of this group 

- _: in checking through n,gistrations he pointed out of his own volition 

• >- fc1lowing perscns whom he stated were connected with the Highla"lder 

Polk School and uho h:.d registered rrt the hotel at various timess 

BERN;_RD BOR'.H, Registered 

--_ •.=:s DOJ.sao•:JSKI II 

~: TTJ, ~~; ~I.J'" '">r'J-'.E.Lt 

kTLE.S HOR 'i'Oil 

ZZLPHIA HORTON 

.iiiLI:J,! lJU'ITRICY. 

!tillY 1.\ViRENCE 

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~1-40, 

J, 2-J,l and 

3-1-41 

12-30-10, 

5-19-40, 

5-19-40, 

5-1~40, 

5-30-40. 

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61-12 

It will be noted th~t three registrations are shown for May 

19, 1940 in the n:J.llles of l!YLES HORTON, ZELPHI.\ HORTON and '."IIILI.I\M BUTTRICK. 

This is the day preceding the meeting of Communists mentioned above and 

is probably the group from the school which remembers as being 

registered at the hotel at about that time. In connection vdth these 

re!;istrations it was noted that DOJJBROWSKI called te number 

requested CHRISTOPHER to pick up 

a , by HORTON with the name of the 

Highlander Fclk Schcc,l This b;:,x was exnrnined at the Parlt H:Jtel by 

Special Aeent and ·-. Kncxville Police J:Epartment, 

c.nd w::tc fcund tc ccntc.in a nUJnbur cf becks, most of nhich were children• s 

st::-rks, .:md fiction bcoks cf :m innccuous n::tture. Included in thti bcx 

·,:on :e. f•cw :Oocks sf int.:rest b.ocause cf their radical l::tbor or prlitical 

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HIGHL.WDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 4-lo-41 

"The Economy of J.bundance," by STh'W;.RT CHASE. McMillan Ccmpany, 

"i.bk~rs of Freedon," by SHER\"iOOD EDDY and KIRBY Pf.GE, George H. Dorne Co., 

"The S:cial Principals )f JGsus," by iiALTER R!.USCHENJ3USCH, 

"There is Ccnfusi:n," by JESSE REDLIONT FAUCET, 

"The R.ad Ahead, (a primur of Capitalism)," by H.\.RRY W. LAIDIER, 

Crc:wc 11 Conp:my, 

"The Causes of Vb.r," by ARTHUR PIRROTT, llc!.!illan Company, 

"History and Prc.blems cf Organized Labor, 11 by FR'JiK TR'.CEY CARLTON, Pa\.~, 

• C. Heath Comp:my, New YJrk, 

"E. Ccmpany," GENE RIC!L\RD BLOCH, Simon & Schuster. 

"Trade Unicnisn and Laber Problems," by Wm. Z. RIPIEY, Ph.D. Ginn & Company, 

"Christianity and Labor Problems," KIRBY P;':.GE, etc, !.ssuciated Press, 

, While checking rcgistrJ.tians Chatt-a.ncoga, 

it was n:>ticed that n large group of perscns regis tend in frou New Ycrk 

and that the cards were r.Jarked Uphnus. 

explsined that this grwup came to Cho,ttancJga ab:out onc" n ye:xr and seemed 

to be some s~rt cf a traveling sch00l. He produced a letter recc,ived frcm 

this group ~king reservation at the hctel and it was n~ted that the name 

''~s th~lkelig~on and Lab~r FcundatiGn, 106 Carmel Strqet, New Haven, Connecticut, ':iiLLt.RD ~HAUS, Executive Secretary, LCON ROSSERfV.ND, Chairman, 

CH.\RLES F .I HcLENN,\N, l!id/ West Secretary. The person wh: registered in fer 

the grcup v;as CHl.RI.ES C.-- ":.'EBBER, Group l.e?.dc:r, 5;1 West l22nd Street; 

Npw York, NcYI Y)rk, On July 17, 1940 while this group was registered at lilllliit called lcng distance to Monteagle, 

Tennessee. The pcrscn called at ~cnteagle could net be determined but 

~···~·-stated he h:J.d heard some :;f the group menti<on gcing to the High1:-:nder Folk SchDol wh~n they left Chattanooga. Since Mr. WEBB:!:R, wh::c lis'tocl_. _ 

.hims<:lf as Gr,>up Leader, gave a New York address, a lead is being ""'t eut 

fDr r; .. .,.. Ynrk to <::b<lck hi'll and the activities :f the Fcundat-icn. 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 4-10-41 

Fer the benefit of the New Orleans Office, the follc~~ne 

excerpt fr~m a f~rm letter rcqu~sting fUnds dnted March 8, 1941, which was 

sent :ut by the Highlnnder F~lk Schucl, is quoted: 

"Added t: our ccmr.1unity pr,:;grum is the activity of the staff in the labor 

field. Our extension ~rker, IHRY LWIRENCE, is expecting to leave soon 

fer educaticn~l wcrk with unicns in New Orleans, where a large org~zational 

drive is in progress, ,\ special two weeks• scssicn for union membe.rs will 

:pen here en L!ay 12, 11 

As an exa~plc of the type cf literature distributed by the 

l'J.ghlander Fclk Sch~cl, Exhibit Nc. 32 is being enclosed, It will be noted 

th:.t mentbn is made cf 8,000 miners in Grundy Ccunty whe> will be affected 

by an incrc;asc in s:J.lary cf :me d.;llar per day and that the lccC~l merchants 

will benefit in a total ar.K·unt cf $8,000 per day as a result. The entire 

popul~cn of Grundy Ccunty is only 9,717, according tc the 1930 census. 

L H. KILBY cf tha Tennessee Consdidated Ccal Company ct 

Tracy City, Tennessee, which is in Grundy CJunty, advises that there are 

less than 1,000 miners in the entire ccounty. 

In Exhibits nUl'lbered 3 thrcugh 20, numerous references are 

made to strike activitius on the pa.rt of 'J.!YLES HORTON, WILU.U! BUTI'RICK, 

J:J!.ES OOMBRuliSKI and ZILLA H.WIESvamcnc the residents )f Grundy County, There 

are two specific instanceD menti,;nect in which the activities of these persens frcm the Hiehlan(kr Folk Scheel c:1used strikes which definitely lowered 

the income cf the persons striking. 

One ~f the few industries cf Grundy County is the cutting o£ 

wocd fer pulp purposes, which is kncwn as bugwcod cutting. Before these bugweed cutters >rore organizod by perscns from the Highlander Folk School 

they were getting a price cf $1.50 per core fer the wocd they cut. After 

the strike the price was drcpped to one clcllo.r per cor1 and the quantities 

purchas~ were dropped to such an extent that cnly about half of these previcusly emplcyed cutting this wocd were again emplcyecl for the same purpose, 

The ctt~r l0cal strike org~1iZ8d by pers8ns from the High= i:..;-.~::- F:lk School uas that of the rr.P.A. workers. Appnxim!ltely eight 

hundred pers~ns ~re employed by V/,P,; .. in Grundy County, working on farm-tomarket roads but a definite slcwctcwn cf work and a subsequent strike in 

which si tdown to.ctics W8re used so much delayed the work thnt the i7. P. A. was 

Lrccd to curtail the program o.nd after the strike only 400 persons were reP.cq:,loyed on the road rroject. 

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HIGHL.~r.'DER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 

In Exhibit Nc, 2 a strike at the Richmond Hosiery Mills 

at Daisy, Tennessee in 1935 is mentioned in which persons from the school 

took a leading part in a riot which resulted in one of them being shot, 

A lead is being set ~ut tc obtain more definite information regarding this 

activity, 

In ab~ut 1934 or 1935 an attempt was made to organize 

textile mills in Kn~xville, Tennessee, during which several raids were conducted by vigtlante cc~ttees and a great deal of Communist literature 

ted ts have been c'.estnyed, In discussing this matter with til•• 

cf the l:noxville Police Department am.! 

Dr:1ft Bc::Jrd No. 2 but whc was at that time •••llliiiii .. ii•••••Kncxville, Tcnnoss8e, it was C.eterininecl that nc official 

actic.n was taken at th:;t time but that a strong vigilante cumrnittee composed 8f Legic.nnaires and ot.r.er lccal citizens hac! raided several different 

hcuses and had run the sc-called Ccrnmunists out of town. N0 arrests were 

made and nc rec:rd was maintained cf rmy of the literature f8und nc;r cf the 

·perscn3 ccncern·cd in the 1ll!itaticn, However, beth and.-

.. remember that FRANZ DMliEL and ZILM H.~'IIES were the leaders in the 

<•i:j· tcticn and the t they were kncwn tc be connected VIi th too Highlander 

Fclk Scho~l at that time. 

men 

1936 and this is 

be the same strike menticne<l in Exhibit No, 1. Freom .......... .

. repsrt is is believed that FI1\NZ D.'.NIEL, ZILLA H.\YIES and !lYLES HORTON were 

the instic«krs c,f this strike and that the perscqt picked up VIi th the 

Colllr.lunist literature in his possession while en the road to join the Highl:lr!der Fclk Schxl was named HilBURN. A lead is beinc set cut to check 

this infc,rma ti~n at Ruckvtood. 

Due k the nunber cf l;:;cal contacts mane by l.!r, C. H. KilBY 

arcund l.!cnteagle and Tracy City an.! the number of affidavits obtained by 

him frsm l~ca.l pers~·ns, n~ aJc'iti:::nal investig:.ti:m is being cc·nducted at 

the prtJsent time tc further verify the infvrmati::m contained in these 

offi~~vits. In the event that it later proves tG be necessary, all of 

these pcrscns menticnect in the affidavits can be lccated as they are local 

rcsic!ents whc arc class"'d as na tiv<~s ~f this m2untainc.us section :>.Pd f'elnom 

leave th~::ir h·;mes, 

- PE!IDING-

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HIGHL:~NDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 4-10-41 

E ~ C L 0 SURE S: 

TO BIRMINGHt'J.l: 

Exhibit No. 21, pho•tloisitlaitiiic.cioiplyl;o.f record of evidence that 

can be given by • ; 

Exhibit No. 22, photostatic ~opy of unsigned statement of 

TO THE BUREAU: 

:exhibit No. 1, photograph of a letteJ fr·~·ll!l•• ~~=~:~ .. :en~:::~e~, t~L II'\ rweetwater, .lCilll~o:i:SI.:!t::l UQ\.,t:~ .J.~-J..Q-L+Vj 

C:xhibi t No, 2, • .tat of report. of ~II!!IJ!- fl 

t6 

' dated May B, 1935. 

1 t,·;.''I:xhibit No. 3, photostat of affidavit of ••••• It 

. v frp;:;v - ( rf' dated November 23, 1940, Jv--11 A -;;-If \.Exhibit No. 4, photostat of affidavit of •••• dated 

t;,/- 76 December 16, 1940, 

Exhibit No. 5, photostat of affidavit of········ 

dated December 16, 1940, 

fuu~bi t No. d~te~h~~~!;!r ot u.~~tg~ed sta wment qf -

Exhibit No. 7, photostat of affidavit of 11111111•••• 

dated January 4, 1941, 

Exhibit No. B, photostat of affidavit of••••••• 

dated January 71 1941, 

Exhibit No. 9, photostat of affidavit of •••••• 

dated December 211 1940, 

Exhibit No, 101 photostat of affidavit of lllllill• 

dated Fobruarj 12, 1941, ~-Exhibit No, 111 photostat ofaffidavit of·•••llfl• 

dated January 14, 1941, 

Exhibit No. 12, photostat of affidavit of 

dnted January 31 1941, 

-Exhibit No. 13, photostat cf letter 

Youth Administration, Nashville, 

from tho/National 

Tennessee, dated August 

14, 1939, 

Exhibit No. l4,photostat of affidavit' of llllillllltdated 

Dl3cember 18, 1940, . Exhibit No, 15, photostat of affidavit of •llllllliated 

February 21 1941, 

Exhibit No. 161 photostat of affidavit of·····-

dated December 21 1940, 

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HI GHT .•J..NDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-1:> 4-lD-!D. 

Exhibit No. 17, photostat of affidavit of 

~ December 30, 1940, 

Exhibit No. 181 photostat of affidavit of Alllllillllllt ~::l+crl J!!ln1l!!I'P"'\T ? 1Q},1 _ , // 

Ex!Jib~;-No~·l9,•'ph~t~~~t of affidavit ...... dated 

December 28, 1940, ~ 

Exhibit llo. 20, photostat of affidavit of •111111111111• 

dated December 28, 1940, 

Exhibit No. 21, photostnt of evidance which can be given by 

dated February 22, 1941, 

Exhibit No. 22, unsigned statement of •111111111 dated 

February 24, 1941, . \r.~~~h~+ "'-'J\..1'..1-Iw'.l.'-' .o•ve 

~~ ~.11 ~~ n~~+ne+!!l+ t'H"""''-'-"""...,"' ........ n~ ,_. ~ r'"'"".t'....-._.._...,. ~~~~~ecM _!!1f£j~~~.:t ---- -- r~VP~in" --·---~~b 

inforrrnti9n given in newspaper articles written by JOHN 

!JicDOUG:,L j;urms in thq NEishville, Tennessean, 

::xhibi t No. 24, photogzjl)Jh of Young Communist League card 

{; ';1 r, ~ lti../ 

L:xr!~~~i~~. 11~~~ copy §the Highl:lndcr Fling, 

February, 1941, 

Vol. 3, No~ 1, /) .. /; /,..., LX~~bit No. 26, photograph of 

by ELE:.NOR ROCSEVELT, 

letters written ...... .

Exhibit No. Zl, photograph of lc:1flots put out by the Highl~nder Folk School concerning Mrs. ROOSEVELT'S report, 

Exhibit No. 28, photograph of newspaper article showing check 

nnd letter from Mrs. ROOCEVELT in 1940, 

\

1 Exhibit No. 29, photograph of pror;ram of be~!_it_h~~d)lY_ Washington Committee for tha Highlander S)l_ or a 

letter dated January "7 1 1941, signed by · 

l::xhibit No. 30, photograph of exchange of correspon 

t\Tcnn and Secretary CORDELL HULL, 

Exhibit No. 31, photograph of leaflet p1t out by the Highlander Folk School concerning andorsement by JOID' L. LEWIS, 

Exhibit No. 32, original mimeographed leaflet put out by 

Hi3hland~r Folk School concerning increased pay of miners 

'"'nion rnc.rnb·::rs. 

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: · ... 

~ . 

. ' . --~ 

f)" 

· .... 

-. 

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(] C) HIGH~JIDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 

UNDEVELOPED IEJ,'!JS: 

THE BIRI.!ING !i'J!; OFFICE: 

At Birmlngham, ::.lab.:una., will determine the relinbili ty of 

the DuBose PublishTng Ccm]Xlny ;md, J.! possible, determine what printing 

has been done by them fer thn Highl~der Folk School. It should be berne 

in mind th~t this DuBose.: Publishing Company has also done printing for the 

Scuthsrn Conf£rence For Human Welf.'lre and has at least qucted on work in 

+ lv ~-? st fn!' the Southern Worker, the Communist newspaper in the South. 

At Huntsville, Al:lboma, will obtain all possible information J. 7c.,.... 

from ._..-as outhned J.ll Exhibit$os. 21 and 22, enclosed, 

At Flcrr>pce, \lpba:nl. 1'lill interview who is .#?C.,. 

empLyed to determine if he 

:·,as oct~c;;dd <:. session cf th~ Highlander Folk School and, if so, obtain all 

pcssible infJrmation reg:..rding the courses, teachers, and students. Will 

·L: r·;--·rt ell ccnncctions with th<O Communist Party of any activity or persons at the school. 

TIE BOSTON OFFICE: 

At Northampton, Massuchusetts, will determine the character 

and activity 0f the lnshtute fer libor Studies, whc received a check for 

two dollars from the Highlander Folk School. 

THE cmc·,ao OFF1CE: 

activities 

At C'lico.ec, Illjnds, will check e-n the 

cf 10\JISC: Glt',Tlt\M)JICH!t\N, fermer scc:re· 

r;hc rn;:,ved to Chicago 

- 23-

and 

,/?£ 
~~ 

-~ 

,...-';-J 

,, 

.. -..... 

/ 

l 

.. ~·~: 

CJ C) 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 

THE DETROIT OFFICE: 

-:-::r KNOXVILLE Dr7ICE: 

At Tracy City, Tennessee, will re-contact L!r. c. H. KILBY 

fer such new infcrmab.cn as hi may raceive ccncerning the schccl. 

tru~ 

~t N0rris, Tennessee, will re-contact ) '/(.;..... emplcyed l.n the F'crt:.stry Division cf the Tennessee VD.lley 

Authcri ty fer ccmpleta infcrmr.tion regarding a trip he made to the Highlander 

Fclk School in ccnnncticn with his forestry work and also regarding an attempt 

mr.de by l.!YIES HORTON cr J!J:!ES DO!I.BR01'1SKI tc lllD.ke o. speech at Norris during 

1935 or 1936 • 

·,t Ch"tto.n:ocga, Tennesseeli'•"'•illllclctntact •11!1• J 'JC..... 

for any new inf•:rmation he "t· 

is obtain regarding lDJISE B. CO!IKUNG, Secretary of the Highlander 

Fclk School. 

.b?E 

At Daisy, Tennessae, will contact•••••••••··- .J1C... 

•••• Rich11ond Hcs1ery Mills, for all infc•rrn:ltion in his pcssession "tJ 

c:ncerning a strike at his plant during 1935 when the strikers were led 

by a delegation from the Highlander Folk School. 

A-

.\t Rockwcod, Te;nnessee, will re-contact ..(f- 'JL 

+J·." l'ig.lowny Pa trcl and from h1m cbtal.n the names of those local citizens who 

were on the vigilante comrr~ttee during the hosiery mill strike in 1935 cr in 

1936 and fr0m these local citizens will ·:btain complete details concerning the 

participation of persons from the Highlander Fclk Schc:l with this strike 

- 24-
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· .CJ • 

IDGHL\NDER FOLK SCHOOL 61-12 4-10-41 

~d in particular, will determine the na100 of the person, th~ught to be 

:.ITLBUR::, lvhs was Lund with ccnsider,.ble Cornnrunist literature en his person 

connecting him with the Highl::..nder Fclk Scheel. 

THE LOUISVILLE OFFICE: 

.'.t Ber2a, KGntucky, v.-ill determine the character and reputatbn of who en- ~ 'JC, 

d:rsed a check mode :ut b;) the Highlander Folk Schcol t;.; !lYLES HORTON in the "fr"" 

am:unt :f ~2~.85 abcut February 15, 1941. This check ~s deposited in the 

TP.E !.{S:.i?EIS OFFICE: 

:~t N::shville, Tennessee, will get a certified ccpy of the char~.2r ::,f tM,,p. Uil"7'~.,..,,.,~ ..... t:'r.IC Q,..h.· ,-I 41 

.... .-..... -4-\-..., ~,.. .... _ ................... ,.....,.c.~....,~ .... ... -~ _,..:.,., - - - U C''.._-1-J./.\..o.;...l. .L '-'.1..1'1- .... '-U'-'1..-.&. .LJ. '-lH WUC UC'-J.-t::va.l.j" U.L Ul_,-..l.l,.oC: C1UU r'I.L.L.L 

:btain ccpies :f such c:rrcspcndence as n::cy have been wri ttcn or received 

at ~ny time concerninG this ch~r. 

l ;',t the St:lt<: :.mcrican LegLn l!eadquartGrs, will ccntact the 

C:mmi ttec t: deterr.ri.ne nhether of the reccrds ..../ 

! 

:1nd apparentl~ hGad of the Americani 2 aticn Committee . 7]? 

a scc.rch sh: uld be made for a bulletin of the Revolutionary Policy Ccmmi ttoe cf th~ Sc-cialist Party issued in April, 1934 

I 

which was signeJ by J.'.J.IES DOLlBHO\':SKI, FR;\NZ D.'LNIEL and EUZ:UJE1H KWIES. 

mn cbt'lin any ether pertinent infJrl!l.'ltic-n frcm the l·morico.n ~cricn files 

cc.ncerning the Highlanc!<Jr F;;lk Schc::>l. ~ 

THE l!.L\l.!I OFFICE: 

~: /~ 

J.·JL /' 

I 

i 

i 

\ 

/j, .. ·' ,Jv-L 

/ <~. -· 

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25 
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·•. 

HIGHI.:.J'IDER Fou; SCHOOL 

'fHE NEW YORK OFFTCE: 

--~..-.!··- ~ ... 

';· .. " .. ·~<: .. ': .• ' ' 

Highl3n~er'Folk School, 

l.:YLES HOil TON I 

J.'IMES DOllffiHO\"ISKI, 

ELIZABETH H.WIES. 

.. 

61-12 4-10-41 

Tlill check at 99 Claremont .'.venue to determine if a family 

bccring the last naT.le SCHULTZ lives there :r has lived there in the past. 

Will determine the reputaticn antl activities d the SCHULTZ family 'vhlch 

r.ti.cht link th"·"' w:i th the Cc.mrnunist P<~rty. Will also determine if c. B. 

SHULTZ, :r E. B. SHULTZ, is related, it being n)ted that a b~x cf bo~ks vres 

recs'1tly sent t~ the Hir;hlcndcr Fclk Scheel, one cf which bore the name of 

ANNA L.· SCHULTZ at the ab:ve address. 

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\._ ., 

- I . 

• t. 

. ·- ' 

·-s-~) • • 

• • r 

• 

• 

HIGHLINDZR FOU: SCHOOL 61-12 4-1(}-~ 

-.J 

Will check the reputati~n and nctivities ~r~~!l.lll• 

sieneJ himself on the recister Chattanaoca, 

Grc:;un LeaC:er fer the ReligLn :md labor 122nd Street, .,t 'i r-. 

TLis gr.up is else known :~s the Uphaus Grc·up an:i apparently c~n- Y 

some kind ~r a labcr schocl. 

TEE ',i:.SHI!IGTON FIELD OFFICE: 

'tT' hit D C ·u c t th • tat• d 

~" ·.~-<-- 4 

... ~ ---· ' 
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

q 

-" Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

..... :-.. \.-, ' 

~deted under exemption(s) .J- ? C •' _.{2 ? .J? 

ma!.erial available for release to you. 7 

with no segregable 

:=J lnfonuation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

:::J ln!unnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

, _ __; Uucument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Paw•(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

--------------as the information originated with them. You will 

hr "'~' i'Prl of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

''""'''' • v. Ithheld for the following reason(s): 

i· or \our information: £x H / B i /5 J 71/~r'o,;~ H 3,;) 

/?£.PcwT /trJ,P L/sn:D CN OA~£.$ r I 

/1£Nn'c tJ E.J:) 

C:Z/ 2.6 

c·;y 

1..._. T!Jt' fuJlowing number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

/- L- ? S) I - ,;2_ ~ £vc.LosvR c. 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBL/OOJ 
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FEDERAL BURF AU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form No.1 

THIS CAS~!: ORIGoiNA~ AT n:oxvru.-s, TZJ<ESSEE P'ILE NO. 100-1291 

lti!PQRT MADE AT 

5/1:3/41 

Tln...E 

PPtiODI"''it 

WHICH NADII 

4/26/41 

I:r::;-:..:::t..\:.,J£.1 FOLK SC:iOOL / 

D!TI"'lN..U. SECURITY .. C 

\ / 

SYNOPSiS OF FACTS: WIU.I.AL T, :r!'I'RICK, ;rn, entered Uni-

])u:£!150 19'-~~ 

ve,.slty o Flc-ride, Gainesville, Florida, 

Februcry 1, 1941 E.nd is presently takine 

course in Social Science. He is resioing 

in dorn;1tory. No indication or subversive/.) 

a . ;:: I :;;r 

~0 :\ z:~' 

0~ 

UV>>-

:;::en~ 

s, c:cz,... ::z ;:,:) ~ 

f'Y": (r.. 

u-

. ~td t=w 

-.1~< • .J WJ 

..-:;,: :X:: 0 

&ctivities there. · ~·7 £.. 

p 

Report or Specie 1 .A£ent 

Knoxville, Tennessee deted 

Acent contacted surerintendent or Wails 

e t'ni versi ty Stet ion, and shP Bdvi sed that RJTT:iiC"t. was 

ovrr:. to her and that his mail b&d not cttrP.cted her attentiol!• 

:lvised thet he resided in.Se:tion "E", Room 225, Fletcher ..-. 

on tl.e ~niversi ty Cell'.pu3 &ffi that be rented Box 2:331 "n .::=,: 

·---~ .8ry 29, 1S40, which is e very small mail box. 

' . . . .. , 

/.cent cent acted ••• 

·crsity or 'Flcride, who furnished the sctool record on m:ILI/Jl 

'!T:':UIC?.:, r:t. vchich disclosed that he.,.~, torn e.t A£heville; 

!:. Ctrolins on :.ut_-ust 30, 1910 anc th~t his parents :reside at 

... TH1a ftEPOtn 

"'U 

DO HOT WRITE IN THESE PA<Za' 

---,~~-.--- •t; ... J 7 ~~I 1;?/ 

(.>:1•\"'.>JS Di:>m;~iJe 

,. S a r~~Tij19~~ · 

' ,.,pii 2·1 19Cl 

-----+c-&_~j2: ~:~j. --1--~r-- ..... , ..... IIDT ... _.... ,.!.._. 

-·--- T -·-• ---·· •-- ----

..... 
- .• <,"!" ~-

j ';<:.-

...f •?CJ. 'J [;> 

100..1291 0 

~'l'ieshington Roaa, J,sheville. Ee rave his home address as""·' 

l'c".tea£le, Tennessee 'nhen he filed his epr>licetior. on J"anuary .. 'l 

l:J, 1941 and st<.tcc t.e attended Asheville, North Caroline R~b 

::~tloo1 fr<C'::l 1924 to 192!', City Collere at...+.shevillf' fro:n 1928 to 

1930 end Du~e Tiniv~r&ity from 19ZC to 1931. He eDtered the 

Vdversitr on Febr~~arr l, 1941 and is ~~ejorillg 1n social Seiene~e 

cppo:rently v:ith a view ot gettinr a degree to work as a teacher •. J 

Be is s inE1e and e Methodist. 

El"!"l'RICK stated in his Apptication thet 'he hed beeii 

p·eviously e.'tlployed selling m:;ga:tines, radios, an1 real estate; 

~- ,,t l:.e had donr soms writint: feu- the WPA Writers• ProJect 1D 

I orth Ce:ol ina; that he haa taught in the '1-."YA Camps in 

~enr,sylvania aili! had te~t. et the P.i01land }"olk Sc;!;ool •. 

•••••• acvi sed that he believes his college 1a 

free of cny or<e~ized radical element; that he trtes to keep a 

close r:r.tch en this situ~tion and oceesior.elly when a a1sturb1Il€ 

clement """": up he ie elimiofte:l. He ststed t.mt Fl~ICK is unknO'"D to him em he bes nevE"!· hacl e.ny ·reports on him, end thet no 

cor.firrr.etior. >"EoS made by tl::e schccl of his teeehi!l£ activities at 

tte Richlrilic Folk School. · 

Aeent intervievTed Director of 

Re~idence, !<e stet£d that bs hod never received 

sny u!lfavcre1;!e repo::-ts on fU'c'I"t!C::; tb~t he had conversed with 

FF~?.ICK on two occasior~, cnce ·rh~n t,e first ertered 1J1e Uni-

-,~rsi ty w5 applied. for tbe monitcrship job for SE'ction "E" .-here 

he re"ides but V7as not su~cessful ·in o~tainine the :90Eition. No 

re~son was fiven by ~IC~ in ep~lyinr for this position• but 

it Corries s $24 tee per semester, which he believes was the motive. 

t:cre recently PUTT!Ucr hod cc'ltactcd hire &r.~ reserved a room until 

r.cC":t :!'ebrJnry. Ee stc.ted t~at he rrould !".ake e discreet inc;uiry and 

advise A£Gnt further on the U.6tter. 

Sc;tce,.uent ly r.c>iud Ac.ent ~y telephone that 

1,~ L!i.d csnte.cted SectiOn "Z" monitor End elso FL"''I'I::UC1:'S roor.'.:I!ate 

r,;j tl::cy reported th&t he is not inclined to be very sociable; 

~Lt he ~-~s tut 11 ttle to sc_y lilld is very studious; th~t he clu:ns 

tc le ;uffe:r-ine: fron e henrt eilrr.tr.t and be has !lot by mrds or 

E.-:Cte- indic'.lteC any ou.tve~-·si ve tendencies. 
4-750 (2-7-791 ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

'Deleted under exemption(s) ~~_..~~--'7~~/::_-~~~~~~~~~~~~~- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 

LJ 

D 

Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). -~~~~~~~~~~~­

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~- , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(iesl; 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-as the information originated with them. You will 

t~ .od·;iscd of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

·F'or your infonnation: 

~The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

m~ _!- rJ ~I I- ;} I 7. 3 

X\\)~xx 

XXX XXX 

XX XX XX 

) 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(Sl X 

*NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

JI:'BI/DOJ 
I 

' \ \ ~ 

( XXX XXX 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

[S'{-- Dc!Pted under exemption(s) --~-"'-' __ __,7,__..:£=::.._ __________ with no segregable 

mau:nal available for release to you. 

lnf(•rmation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

inl(,rmation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Llocumentfs) originating with the following government agency(ies), ____________ _ 

--------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

r):::;.:··(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_____________ as the information originated with them, You will 

-~ :~f a'.·ailability upon return of the mat-erial to the FBI. 

~'a~" ., •\ ithheld for the following reason(s): 

'· ,)' ._our information: 

i'lw following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

/ ; - '7 $) 1!1_ ----"~':''"1~.;1.=-::...-------------------------

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(Sl X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
•-:._ 

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,. ------ ---...o..---- --- --~--- ----·-· .. ~~--~..._~ 

-

. ....,.. I .. ~ • • 

• I. . \ 

FEJERAL Bll~Al; OF INVESTIGATION 

This case originated at KlJOZVILLE, EN:I. . File No. 61-12 

r Report mad~- at I Date ~de ~~~:~.~ ·rR;;;r-t ~-de- ~-1)-c...---, 

I K1JOXVILL:::, J.'EN::. 6-1-!~ . . 15,17-41 AEB I 

I ~~·? i_ !-----. ----____ ___1 __ --L-.; ---,--.L.__.---------1 

I Title Character of case 

i HIGHU.liD::R FOil: SCHOOL INTZR!JAL SECURITY - C 

I 

I 

1/ 

L ______ _ ' l 

--- -·--- -- ~--'----------1 

I STIIOPSIS: ••••••• 

Add~tional i~ormation concerninG past activities 

of :Li.zhlander Follc School and me_1l1bers _Qf_j._ts 

~1£. 

faculty inrlica te Communist 'le~~I,:(\!l,.. o.f schoolN 

-- . · --Alt-tf~tttP.MA1'10 CONTAINED 

? _ HEREI.I U CLASSIFIED ~~· DATE, BYSf'&6!!_Q_ .6-? c-- &if s ~ 

Report of Special Acent , Knoxville, 4-10-41, 

Report cf Special Agent l!;iami, 5-13-41. 

. DETAILS: AT 1!u!:TEAGIE, T:::N:i:O:SS'm: ' ./r'JC/ __________ _ .... -. 

-il;)l;i!Di~~c ""''7?·· Postmaster, !Jontea::; e, Tennessee, was 

t -,_ . ~ r.'. ,...., cont<:.cte,d on l•:a;.- 13, 191~ and stated at the "spring term 

~ · \ / - • - /' : ,.,_~ ::'or ~outhern >Jorkers" (1:ay 12 to !:fY, 24) was presently in 

·; t •• _ ·• _ ~- f ·~ ; .J sess1on at the Folic Scheel. I.:IU: .ORTON had called ~~.,.,.,. 

. --~--~ I - . ' 

• .._,. "-11L.~' 

:·pp~ovec±-;;_;:;ci-- n~ ----~---- ----- r;·-- ~---~-~c..,-3--.--JU_L_l_ l9d1 

forwarded _@.lou- .-c L .. ~41 0 ' SAC ,! $. (~ .. '/ .J /) _::- -~ _. 

Copies: 

~ 

·c;. 'lureau 

'2 Albany 

2 Athnta 

2 Jaltimore 

2 Birr.ri.:1charn 

2 noston 

2 Charlotte 

2 Chicago 

2 ClevelBJirl 

2 Denver 

2 Los Angeles 

2 Lo·lisville 

2 Le:nphis 

2 Jaarni 

- I 

2 Riclunond 

2 Sa'l Antonio 

2 San Francisco 

2 St. Louis 

2 l~i:il,·aukee 2 St. Paul 

2 Ne\v Haven 2 Savannah 

,. . \ ' 

( 

2 llew Orleans 2 llashineton Field 

3 HF York r ,~- 7 4 ~axvip~ 

2 Detroit . 2 Omaha (\;It" ~ 2 liunting~on 2 Philadel~:J.a • . \ , " - ~ 

JUfi\ 6~ 

I 

·------ J . I 

2 Ok~~h~~ C~~~;Ldli'Y) ' /-~·· :nt rili') -' 

2 Ir~~-~~polis 2 Pittsburgh \ . : •. ~ I'~~~ V.,.JC:fi.S DEi1JtUU'§ \' __ .....;.___ +---'L---
I • \ ' 

. 'IC--

j 

1 

\ 

f 

... --- ----~.._ __ --- ~ '.._ 

(' 

·- () . 

HIGHLU!D:.;R ;,or.;: SCHOOL 61-12 

I 

l.ontea,;le Post Office and given the followinc list of students: 

\ 

nere listed as: 

BILLY CAVINESS, 

SIDI/LY PITTEili'URG, 

JOEL MATTqEVIS, 

PAUL WilJN, ~--- -

FELIX CAILLEl:ET, 

GA TI!A i.1AE u:s, 

H.\ZEL l'E!JI:l!:/A, 

ALVII; S_,J ~J 

JLNiTIE r. Ci::R, 

~"/ILLIA;· AVIS. 

l 

\ 

PAUL GREEJ:, 

cUU.IAl.r S. KIITC!iERBOCKER, _.--.-

JULIA COLLIER,HARRIS, ,___.-

l.:ILLEN BRAliD, and 

BABc":lTTE DEUTSCH. 

Teachers were listed as: 

• 

CHARLES ri,\FERGUSCJN, Associate Editor of the Readers• 

\

Di::;est; 

l!iu1Y IAPSLEY, Former teacher of writing at Hood 

Cfllege, ~yland; 

PHILIF,).J:LHOUS, Student at the Ur.iversity of 

North. Carolina • 

- 2-

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HI GHLA11l":l FOIY. SCHOOL 61-12 

Gu~st speal;ers ,.,ere listed as J,'J:Eq\STILL and rl'.RRY HARRISON 

' ' The cost of the session is given as thirty dolJ.ars and there are 

no scholastic requirenents. !Jl invitation was given to trade union \vorkers, 

colhge students, "Y" mer.1bers, church croups and farm organizations. Also 

included in each of the 1, 630 envelopes mentioned above was a pr·::>Ss release 

dated J..a:• l, 1941, announcing a two weeks' session commencing May 12, l94l. 

Thee courses arc listed as: "Singing, dramatics, discussion of labor problems 

and history, speeches, rc;adin;; and recreation." Speakers and special teachers 

for this sc;ssion are listed as: 

,JOHN T \JONES, Director of Labor ~on Partisan League; 

!IOL:"IS V .\REID, Ch:lirznan of tho Tennessee Coll1!:lonwcal th 

F~crsVon; iiTV J. M.\E.WES, Regional Wage o.nd Hour Division; 

FR.'Jll: 'OFFEE, So;.ial Sccuri t:; Board; 

Reverend flS".!CJRTH\S;:ITH, Southern Cooperative Conference; 

RuB:::J;T L. \CRUDEN, Publicity Director, United Rubbor ;1orkers; 

PAUL R~ CHhlSTOPl!2R, Secretary-Treasurer, Tennessee Industrial 

Union Council. 

Also announced WCIS a "Lo.bor' s Non Partisr.n Ico.:;uo Institute," 

J::1y 17 to 18, under ALTo:! !J,''IR121C:l, Southern Reprosen~tive; the Annual 

TriState Hosiery Institute, Jun:: 7 and 8, announced by ED-'!~RD F. CAU.!Tii\N, 

Southern Directcr, !.":lerico.n Federr.tion of Hosiery Workers. 

An issue of the Hit:hlander Hint;, published by the Highlander 

Folk School, do.ted .cpril, 1941, contoins the follm:ing articles of particulur intcr0st: 

" 70R ::C:R STUD:S:ffS ORG.\EIZDJG 

Here are the currc;nt orgo.nizinc and negotbting ::tcti.vities of Highlander 

stud~nts: 

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HTGHL:'J-.'1JER FOIK SCHOOL 61-12 

Ccci~Pogucs, member of the Uine, i.lill and Smelter Workers, recently or-

~:ani;ea the Dixie l.i.::t3l Products Comp.::my of Besszmer, Alabama, a touch job 

to judge by preVious attempts at unionization there. Currently he is 

negotiating a contract for the new union. Cecil is also business agent for 

the rlliolcsalc Local of the Birmingh~ Retal Clerks. 

.\.:1 election was recently ~ld end 110n by the TiiUA 

tary ~Yipers Company. Lil Yadon, HiGhl<mdcr 19Ul, 

tvro week org:.:nizing ti~ t b ought on the V:.ctory. 

ber of the T.m;,, Local 2. 

at the Lonls~le Sanijoincd Ha~bbons in the 

Lil YaJon is a board memEct.\lair, nho attended llighlander on tho Eleanor Rooscvdt Scholarship, is 

organizing for the ;""'"learnz:.tcd. !.t the successful Cluett strike in \tlanta 

he was in charge of thG cntcrt3inment on the _picket line ~d in the strike 

tent. 

J. ~> llra~ford is o:;-c;:1nizing for the Int"rn~tion.:.cl Cement, Lime, and ~urn .or~~~ (. .• F. of L.) in r.no::-:ville • 

\;losi£ry organizer ~:nd President of the Highlander Alumni Association, Matt 

'-,Lyn&is baclc in Tcnnt?ssec :.fter sovGral months of ·activity in Mississippi. 

John 'ate, mu:,, was one of the contro.ct nc:;oti<:.tors at the Lhnsfield Mills, 

Lumbc ton, N. c., which brought l7Qge increases ranging from 5 per cent to 

15~ p~r cent. John's Union has acquired a new hall. 

Other :clumni ActiVity 

Billy~ Bailey's locc.l ILG1"/U, in Atlant<:, ncM has a hc.ll. Billyo is 

diroc~-~ of the union'!; educ~tional proeram, and sends the following details. 

There aro classc,s for whi tc members and !'or negro members in union procedure, 

parliamentary law and public sp<,;c.king, history of trade unions and the 

ILG"IU, and study of garment mc.nu.facturc. In the recreation line there are 

bingo gamos, bo;rling ~ams, and !Jr. I. Q. • s, ag<:.in for llhite members and 

colored mombors. PLns arc being m:,dc to o::tcnd tho chsscs to Griffin, 

Georgia, vlhcre there arc other Highlander alumni. 

I 

Virginia) Svro.nn ...as elected recording secrEtary of her N:1:;hvillc Hosiery 

Loco.l, lost her .)ob, o.nd is no--; ,-;orking at Gastonia. 

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HIJHL ;.NDER FOU: SCHOOL 61-12 

TEIDiESSEE COM!10/'.".ID\LTH FE~D~RJ lOll ORGANJZED 

,<ccepting the challenge of John B. Thompsen, chairman r,: the Southern Conf.,rence For Hmr.,_n <felfare, that "a 1 men are to be juC:.E."ld in their devotion 

to real democracy by their willineness to defend and e·tend it in times of 

energency," the Ten.'1essee Conference on Democracy meet·.ng in Nashville on 

··.rashington' s birthday or::;anized the Tennessee Comnonwe<~ th Federation. 

The purpose of ·~his orgc.nization is "to join in colllr.Jor: cause all men and 

.... c.::n, incJudini; those who labor on the farm, in office_, mine, mill, or 

elsewhere, for concerted independent political action." 

H. v\Reid, lec'.:lative representative of the Railroa<i j)rothsrhoo<is, was 

r.ade 'chairman a:1 1. an executive board VIas elected from the C.I.O., A. F. of L., 

the four Railrc _,, Brotherhcods, ~d liberal groups who h::.d jointl:• sponsored the confcccnce. lJJ-s. Ruth'Vntler, 1018 Cotton Ciates Bldg., Nash-

"-·· .i.lc, is tl.tc Focerntion 1 s Sscrctary. 

. • _ .. c. ::.c.: '.:ion thu Federation condemned the "Grundy Co1uJ-c;• Crusaders," pointinc c:.~t that th.J Crusaders' attacks on labor people and labor institutions 

v~,3titute a thrc~t to democracy and national un:i.ty. 

ill:CENT ii!DORSZJ :ENTS 

c!>tJ United 11ine Workers, local 7708 in Grundy County, and the International 

!.!.inc, i.!:i.ll and Smelter ·,:orkers Union are among the or;:;anizations which 

'"'"""' recently endorsed HiGhlander. 

SCHEDULE FOR 1941 

I!.'"Y 12-24 Two week term for union Vlorkers • 

.. ""c 7 and 8 Institute for Amcric"ll Federation of Hos5.ery c·rorkers. 

:·c": 9-21 Junior Union Camp • 

. '•:·'e 30-July 28 Work Cmnp for Amcricu. 

'"ly 28-Auc;ust 9 Writers Workshop. 

· .,."' 18-Scptcmbcr 'Z1 Six week term for union workers. 

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HJ:GI:Li~i;m;r: ?QLJ; SC!lOOL 61-12 

GUG~r Limo ~!~f3cturing 

l_,~~--1 _.-:. . .,;J .__;~'V- nOcd, ~;ho r.;sid~s at SC::\Y.:l..'1CO, TJnn.JsSc8, st.:::.ted that 

·.: t'. u01 !.is conpc.r,y ho.s h::C: consid0ro:.blc labor tro'.lblo durinc, tha p::st few 

, --·· .~ ~.2 Las not b.:: en ab2.c to defini tJl:,r traco c.....nJ of thQ trouble us 

c -.;·i;o:ltin3 c.t U12 Hi;;hl.:: . .-·1d0r £olk School. 

of th2 lii::;hl2.11dcr F'olk School, 

LiJilC 1..i:.nui'z.cturin.:; Comp.:.ny 

soma p~rsons from 

Fc<k 3chool co:mc to tho li_.110 comp<.ny ;.i. th a motion picture cmaarz:. and ex- {L-.i~cd. thG.t th,::y vcro tc.kinG: picturos concvrnin~ vork.~rs in Ec.st T~nn..::ss3e. 

F.~:.~"' -r::;:?hs -:·;cr.J tc.l~2n of 3mplo~~ccs of thG lim~ cornpo.ny, usinc tho lim~ 

.· •.. :; :.::o~' ., tr;.csh ho~.p as a b:J.ck.:;round. ~i'Jlt th"t this ll:l.S done 

' . .c .• : •• ,r to ::;iv0 <m untrue! picture of norkin::; coaditions at the lime company. 

__ , TcnnJsscw, st.:.toC: th.:t Dr. IC·J:C1~LEC·C1'~It ..:nd Dr. J'J21JJ.,.ING J~·.ZS, 

,, - :tcrs of: th~ facult:· at th'-: Ur•ivcrsi t~· of tho South previously mention<:ld in 

• ~~'~~ rc:>port, h;:,va both a::;rccc to t;iv" courses of instruction ;::t the High-

:::.~:r Folk School this :urn;.-.i~r. Dr. JJ~:.~s hc.s rJccntly h(;ld ~t lcc.~t thr\3c 

, _ -'-"' mcctin.;s :.tt~l"d~d by i'h J Ol' si:: students of thG Univcrsi ty of the 

~c·:th. ILJcontly n counitt2c of Thoolo[;J stud,mts "'D.it3d on Dr. J;.;.;ES <md 

r~J,Uc6tod that i1c discoatinuc his conr•~ction -.-lit:~ th~ f:ir;hlr.nd~r r'olk School 

c~r;ci i:is pcccc act.iviti;;s, Dr, Jc.i.ZS mnclo a vory cnti-Driti.sh address :J.t a 

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liTGJJIJ,l:D::t"l FOLJ: SCHOOL 61-12 

r.occting of the -.:omen's Auxili2.ry of tho University of the South during the 

Lenten Scc.son. The Univcrslty of the South is c.n Episcopc.l school .:md the 

rr,c.jority of th3 persons connected 17i th it arc decidedly pro-British, W1d 

th~rcforc tl18 members of tl1e \"iomcn' s Auxili:.ry 112rc vcr-J upset at the tenor 

of Dr. J,J.I:S' speech, 

(,/ .··-, , · '/ stc.tcd the. t Professor THO:.;AS GOV.IJJ, previously mentioned in 

this report c.s b2ing s:,7:1patl1ctic tovard the Hi::;hiandcr Folk School, is a 

former classr..ate of JALES DOLiBilO'::Sl:I, Secrct2.l"y of the Hi::;l1lc.ndcr Folk 

stated thnt 

he Has upon several oc~asions tret:.tcd J;~:ES DO!.J3HCTI~-sY~I .:ll1d other pGrsons 

rcsidins pJrr.r:.mntly or t::mporarily c.t the Highlc.ndcr Yolk School. Although 

Grund:r County is th3 source of m.:my chcri ty patiants .:;t the 

ro:::no-.:sn or other persons at the Folk School h:.vc never brought 

"-'lY local puoplc to th2 hospitc.l for trcatmant. Payr.;cnt for treatment given 

to lJJrsorw c.t tl,c; !ligr.l<:U1dcr Folk School 5.s~:.Uc.ys mccde by J;J.;ES DO.JJ:tOViSKI. 

ThCJ November 21, 1940 issue of the Sewanee Purple, official 

org= of the students of th·3 University of the South, reported a speech 

civccr b~- Dr. Ji,LES 001:J3[(Q~;sKI before the Fi Gar.rma l.iu Social Science FratcrEl t~·. A portion of this article is set out as follows: 

, ., At its r.1cetinc on Thursduy 1 lrovenber J.4, Pi Jamrna i..til, Social Science 

F ra",er:-cC t:,-, had as its spcnl;cr Dr. JAi":O.S DOLJJ;;u.·,.:;r.r, Director of the Highlander Folk School near hlcntea~le. Dr, ro:.rr;;w:;Sia holds a Doctorate from 

Colu~>bia Univer~ity, is a eraduate of the Union Theolo::;ical Seminary in 

;:cu York City, and is an author of some note. He has been prominent in 

labor education for a n~~b3r of years. 

Tlie sp"nl:er discussed the rcli;;ious bnckground of the school. lie pointzd 

oat t:,:.t F.1ost of thG early faculty members were c;raduates of Union 

':":.colo0;ical Smninary and tl1at some of the most generous supporters of: the 

~ ::1·-·~:: c.r = churcL orgti..'>"lizations ~"1d clcr[;JT.Cn. He said that hej himself,; 

-"~ '"'. __ ~.: t!rc lalJor cause through the relit;ious channel. 0 

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EIGHLAliD::.R ?OLJ; SCHOOL 61-12 

AT !::_L..CY CITY, TEN~JESSEE: 

Lumber 

C.;,npany, Tracy City, stated that he made a eli very of lumber to the Highlo:nder Folk School in 1939. v1ent into the main building of the school 

.in ~earch of sm.1eone to take deliver; of the l~-r:1ber. He noticed charts on 

tl:e nall of one of the dovmstairs rooms depicting hon to organize a meeting 

by p<::.rliar.Jentary procedurG and\ how to ~;et control of a meeting, He saw no 

evidence of mountain craft YTorl:~ 

••• related that JJ..1:ZS DOi.:Br~CiSKI took motion pictures of the 

stril:ers during the ·i:,P.A. strike in Tracy City in Junuary and February of 

1);,9. C'or tl-,esc: motion pictures, tho strikers YTore their oldest and most 

tattered clothin[;, Girls from the Hiz;hlander }'olk School made speeches to 

th8 I:.P.A. strikers as to th8ir ri;;hts. 

::;ave the follm·.i.ng infonnation 

conc~rni:1G the 1/,P,A, strike in Grundy County in J<muary and February of 1939: 

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CHARLES ;,f,DiJ.:S, County Road Supel'intondent, was a forner student 

G.nd sympathizer of the Highlander Folk School, H0 demanded to be allowed 

to uppoint all ·,·;,P,J.., forCI)len on rond projects. This the 1/,F.A. authorities 

rcfus.;d to allon him to do, l:n.'lledL:.tely ther<Jafter, a8itation commenced 

for a strike cf the Yi,P,A. work3rs, - often saw J&.LS DOl-'l3RQ',;s;r and 

;.::;u;s EORTOi< out on 11,P,A. p1•ojocts talkins to thJ •• orkJrs. DO:.iERc;·:sKI and 

HGlT0;1 \lould lcava \men c:une within hearing distance, 'iihen the 

, :;trike Has called, the V:,F,A, y;orkers took ovar the W,P,A. office ut Tracy 

c:. t~· und stu;;od a si t-<io-.m strike, HORTOII and D01:;;Jncr~;SKI brought girls 

r::-~:: the Ilighb11dcr Folk School to the l/,P,;;., offici3 ~;hare the strike was in 

prot_;rGss. The sa p:.>rsons fror.1 the Highlander Folk School mndc speeches to the 

strikers, o.dvising ther.o as to the proper method of conducting thG strike, and 

i '1.~ r•i r1 c:: fr!lr.; t_ ~,..., 1-ii --h 1 :-:nri.~,.... fi'nl k .C::t"'hnn 1 rlnnr-r-~n o:ri tJ-~ t.h.~ _.:;t,ri k~:rs in thP. ~·-- a~• -~ ...... -··· .......... ·-o••_._.,._._....... .. ........ - ................ ----·--- ··- -·· ---- - -- -··--- --- ----

·,;,P,A, office, ;, groct dec.l of liquor \ms in evidence ct the \'i,P.A. office 

during thu sit-doTm strike, stcted that it is his undarstcnding 

·Gbt sor.J.e of the eirls from tl10 Eighlander Folk School h::.d se;>..'U"'-1 relations 

uith sonc of the strikors. He hz.s no proof of this c.ll~gntion. 

furtL~r stctcd th::.t <..ltho'.lc:h at the time of the strike ubout seventy-five 

prc.::nt of the Y!, P .: .. 1:orkcr3 in Grundy County ~;ere associatad vi th or 

syDp<..thlz<Jrs of tl:a HiehlandCJr iJ'olk School, only two or three >l, P .A. \lorl:ers 

no·,; h::ve ::.nyth~nc to do od th th.; llic:hlwckr ?olk School. 

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HIGHIJ.NDER FOIJ: SCHOOL 61-12 

····==~~~~=~~s~t~a~tcd th~t about thrco y3:trs o.go he nc.s in 

cemetery .:.cross tli.:: ro~d from the Highl~"'ld(;r Foll~ School, scarchint; 

for the date on o. tombstone. A group of students at the Highl~dcr Folk 

School were hc.vinc some sort of a drill in the Folk School ground. A · .. nistle y;ould blovr c.nd thay nould shout and shove each other around, then 

-r;h~n tho T:histlc bley; .:.gr..in, they would ccnse their acti ·vi t:r. It \i2.S 

•••••••opinion thnt th:>y \lore prncticing pickot-line <iCtivity. \ihen 

the students had finished this drill, they sat dcr;.n 2nd sang songs. One 

or the songs y;ns to the tunc of "The Old Gr;:;.y !Jure She Ain 1 t Tihd She Used 

to Be," .:::nd some of the \70rds ':hicb overbc<C.rd '''-'re: "Old mo.n 

ROCSE\lLLT ain't r;h.:.t :10 used to bG.• fu'1oth3r song '''hich ,,·;:s su.."lg nt th.::.t 

tim3 \''lD.S "17hose o.f~e.id of th2 biE b~d cop," EiUnt; to tho tun0 of 'o"Jhoss .hfraid 

of the Big Bad i"iolf. 

••••••st-ted thc.t upon two occ:c.sions scvcrw yeo.rs ago 

he ·.rc.s shot at from :::.mbush. He can think of no reason for this other than 

his acti v.:> apposition to th2 l!ighlandcr Folk School. 

•••••• st~tcd thc.t tho Chdt<mooc;~ Times, n dD.ily 

,...,t::>.-•.,..-n•-,.,.-,.;::.,... ]..,,,.,.. "hn.n,..., ,.... ... ,...+; ~1 +,.., +hn l-1'..; ,...J...1 "Tir'.~.,.. l4'n11.r ~ .... 'hnn1 "''nr1 ,.,.._. "'-'r''-.:.--'-•) u,, __ ._, u ......... ~ .t'~ ..,..._...., .... '-'""' '"''''-' .... ..._6 ... ..._ ....... ,....,...... • v..._ .. ,., ._.._,,._,...,..._, .__ ....... that lcl'-s. 

·~-.'. ,.-;. JOHLS, locc.l corr~sponcicnt of t~18 Ch&ttc::.noo,:c Tir.J.3s, h.;:s complC!.inGd 

to ••••• t:1o.t loc~l circulation hc.s f&llen off boc:c.usc of this. 

:.!wry ;rorkors nero out on 

1937, TEFFEitT2LIZH c;;:mc do•m from the Folk 

School Wld a(;i tutcd the strikers <ill.cl hr,d me0tings or.i th thorn. r::;H".::RT::;LLEP. conto.ctcd and purported to be a rcprescnt&tive of the 

.strikers. :.'hen pointed out th,:.t tho strikers l1nd violntzd their 

cc:istin.:; contrc.ct l<"ith by wulking out 1d thout gi.vin,; him notice, 

"l'L:F?:::RTSLIZ::l. so.icl t!1at "T:w contr<1ct \:<:.s just a scr::.p of p::.per." 

st:.t0d th~t his .;mployoes, liho .:.re ITLG.l:lbors of ~ .~~.F. of L. Union, hz.v8 

sincG ::;one on record 2.s opposing t~10 iliG~llWider Fall-;: School. 

rel::.ted thct S-"Verc.l ye:c.rs :c.r;o c. smnll cyclone 

blc· . .- the: roofs off of s~v:!rc..l houses .:A.t ~o.g·3r, Tm1..-,C!sse0, in Grundy 

County. uho is the locc.l rcpresont::tive of the Red Cross, 

:.ppe:..l;;d to t~1c h.ed Cross for :.id for the victims of the cyclone~ 11. rcprcs3nt::.tivc of the ;:t.tionc.l :ilod Cross cc.:nc to Tr::c;,• Ci t;,• c.nd, in company 

;·zi th -,:Jnt to k.[!.c~r, l:lwr-3 th~ cost of rcp.:.irinc; the d::m.::gsd 

hous(;s ...-;ns cstL'll.-:.tod. J~ll thz victims, numb.)ri!1g ~bout t;;~lve, soemcd 

very plcnscd that thoy \l;rc to rcc·3iV<3 cs~ist~ce from the Red Cross, but 

on the follm:in;:; d::.:,r 1ihcn th3 RJd Cross rupr~sentc.ti v2 D.nd r\3-

turn:::d to L.:..e.t;zr in order to h~ve the victLns Si6n cert.::.in forms, 

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:UGHL>!IDE.!"l FOLK SCH00L 61-12 

••• nnd t1:o others rcfusGd to sign, whereupon thG Red Cross reprascntativc bec::r.;G ::nt;ry wd tor-:; up the papers. That night, c3llle to 

••••• ,::nd st~ted that he ho.d rcconsidGrGd ::nd wished to uccept thG 

c:::1cunt .D.J.lotted to him. str.ted th::t the reason h.:J had refused to 

sigr• \:us that Ji~1:r::S DO:J3:cG\, SKI :md JUYLES HORTOl: hud come to Laager :md h~d 

c.dvised h:L":l to refuse to accept the unount proffered by the iiad Cross in;::sr.ruch as it Ii.:J.s insufficient. ~clvised thc.t the Red Cross lc.ter 

puid ::nd the tno others the origin::U ::mount. 

---stdcd tkt~~llll!l----~111111!~~ ~.-· is a friend of DOJJ3J.U::sr;I c.nd HORTOil end a supporter of the Highlwder 

i'oll~ School, At c. recent co:mty Arr.eric:m LeGion cor.vcr,tion, opposed 

c. notio~1 co:1d:.;mning subvcrs::.v8 activities. Th.3S(; f.:.cts sl1ould be borne in 

=nd ii.u connection ;,i th W1:7 invcsti::;c.tion at the Tr::.cy City Post Office, 

lir. C. H\t.'ILBY, c.n employee ol" the Tennessee Consolidc.ted 

Cod Comp::ny, g.::vc the fc\lo·.d.n~ ::.deli tional in£ormc.tion concerning p<::st 

~ctivities of the lli:;hlnnder Foll~ School: 

. In 1938, DOLP~VAUG!UI, then businGss ;:::;ont of Highlander 

Folk School, m::dc ;:: trip uro~)i the county and told <::11 persons on relief 

to come to r2licf he.::dqu~ters at Trc.cy City on th~ folloldnG d~y. The 

rJli2f he;::dqu<::rt3rs h<:.d "'ork2d out :;, system ;:h:)i'cby those on rGlicf y;crc 

assi;;nod o. pm-ticulc.r d~y of the wee!.: on which to como to the office, thus 

sinplifyinb di~tribution of suppli2s, Th3 ;::rriv~l of all persons on relief 

en th2 su:7l2 day crz::.ted :;, jc'.1n ::t th~ r2lief ho:..dqunrtars. DOLPH Vb.wG!!N ;:;::s 

there in the cro·.1d end ;,h2n r;ucstion2d by the r.:li3f ;::g.:mt ::.s to \;hy he 

h::cd told <::11 the persons on relief to come to the office on the s::mG d=.y, 

he skt·ed loudly, "Tho sup;Jli31' w-o hero, :;ivc theln to th2m. • 

!\I LEY stc.t3d thc.t \i. H. l.:hRLOr.'E, ;:: locc.l mun ;;ho hc.s been 

D.ssoci::.ted closely ,,i th th~ ll~;;hl.:.nder i''olk School, run as an el8ctor for 

Ek'lL K!U::m;.'1, Coouunist c::.::lliid::.te for PNsidGnt, in the 19;;6 elections. 

ULDY ~:t::ted th::.t th~ United i.dne t;'orkers 1 Union c.t Trc.cy 

C~ ty, Locc.l 5301, I<ent on record som.:>time ::.go as cond2mning the Highlv.nd3r 

Folk School for its ::.ctiviti2s. LATT BUNCH, Int2rn.::tionul r..cpresentctive 

of the Ul.I:, dzmc.nded upon s3vcr<::l occ::.sions th<'.t Loc::l 5681 rescind their 

cor.dor-.n::tion of the lligl1l::nder Folk School, This thG union refused to do, 

C::l J~.c,u:Jy 31, 1941 1:J'.TT r:~c;cH ::.ppc.:.rcd before Loc::l 5881 c.nd stated th;..t 

he l::J.s instn~cted by the Int2rnation::.l to inform Loc::l 5681 th~t tho;;r ~IUst 

endorse the I:it;hl.:.nd::>r Foll~ sc:1ool or BUlfCH >rould be forced to t.:.ke up 

their chz..rtcr. On th:.t d.:.to Loc:ll 5881 enC:ors~d the llighlunder Folk School. 

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EIGilLiiiDER i'OLh SC!lOOL 61-12 

JaLI!Y stc.tc<l thc.t J,:YLES HOr:TOJI nturncd f:·or.t c. trip to lien 

York City on liay 10, 1941 ;.r.d c.t th.::.t time Yl:lS driving c. 1941 bluck Chovrolct Scdc.n, 1941 lb; York liconsc }7...;.·:-7463. I:ILBY stL'. _d that fl·::ver<:.l 

months oc;o he m3t ~ m.:.n in c.. t&varn ~t i.1ontec'.[;lc uho \-~-c:...s ~.:>m-.:trhc:.t und~r the 

influence of liquor. This mc.n stotcd thc.t he w.::.s thJ so:1 of Dr. FLELJJNG 

J1-J.~S, Dc.:.n of the '.i'heology Sc~1ool ~t the Univorsi ty of the South, SJ .... 'rW'lee, 

Tennessee. l,ccordin.;:; to this mn.n, Dr. JJ~~:CS \iO.S c. rcgul2.r contributor to 

tho !lighl.:.nd2r Folk School b3~or~.? cominc to S..;:l:D...YJ.e.~. 'l'his mLn st.::.ted th.::..t 

·." is ;:;. t·3c.chcr in :: school in ,;rkans;::s. lie dcf~r.c'cod bot]; Coll'.mon;;cG.l th 

Colleco in /.rbmsc.s ::.nd t!1o :;i::;hl<:nder Folk School, stdin::; th:..t t:1cy \Ycre 

:!.c.lJor school~ rnd not Cc:·,umnistic. 

L.:r. I:ILB::, c.s l13.:.cl of the Gru:~dy Co..:.r:t:t c::.~us...::.d..Jrs, is conti:luing his eiforts '-.:.C~inst tlw Hizhl:.nder }'oll: Sci:ool. l-:: . .3 rccc:ntly m4ldc a 

klk befcro the Stc.'.c Convcr,tion of the Junior Order of ,:,~,a1·icc<n i..Jchc.nics, 

~--~ c:.;idin;:; th·:: IIi;;h.J.and:)r Folk School t.s r... CoJn.':lU.l1ist school.~ :..nd pr2scntinc; the 

:...ffidc.vits o..,."1d evid.:mcc w·;hich h:) h:...s in hj_s posscsE:ion to subst.:.Jlti.:.t·3 his 

-....~--....J.-.!1• tl:LEY iD confcrrin0 •.rith st.:.:..t2 offici~~l:; \;i th =: Yie-.·; to ini tit.tinG 

p.rocoe:dir~s to c.::..nc2l the ch~~ter of the 11i;;hlc....!d3r F'oll~ 5cllool. 

, r· D;'~ISY, TZl'J~ri.SSLE: 

It ..,;o.s l2W"n·~C:. .:.t Dc.isy, T:nuw:::scc: th:.t tl1·2 flichmond llosiery 

;.,ills closed their plc.nt t:1Jrc c;,out 1936. 

of the Rid1moncl Hosiery kills, -r;hom z. 13-::d .... -~s sat out to i;1torvi.3·u, ls nou 

loc&t3d &t tha main pl~.nt of the Ricl'unond liosbry 1J.ll~ c.t llossville, G.oorgit.. 

.t· .. l·:::n.d is beinz ~ct out to intcrvien-.. c.t Rossville. 

1.'":: l10CKJOOD, T::N:JZ5SZE: 

i.ssistc.nt Cl:L:Jf ED TAYLOE of tha T·Jnncsse::: lli::;ln:::y P;:.trol 

··---· int·Jrvic-,;od c..t :loc!:-,:ood, Tenncssc~ ::.nd st..:..t3d th[..t 

· -,,, c. lc::d ,·,-:::s set out to intcrvic\;, ht.s been trc.nsfcrrcd from Rock\;ood 

t~-.~ of Tcnn~:::ccc. Chief Ti-.YLOZ sti:..t.::d, hmtcv8r, t!1c.t 

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..:.-r:. Tiocla:ood, hW. complet:; infurrilL~tion concerning thJ c..cti vi ti.zs o.i' p:)rsons 

i'rom Hi::;hl:md·=r Folk School ir, connection •iith the strika .::.t Rocki;ood • 

rrocln;ood, T0nriessec, 

sLated th.::.t durin:; the i..ills in l..ay, 1936, 

:.::TES IIOHTO!l1 !IILBUHH I!~i;JST:::.n, W .. TT LYNCH, ZILLi~ HA:,'"..;s CJld Fi~..:JJZ n~·.i'ITEL 

c~~;:·2 to l':ocl:-.:ood to lor..d t~!J strike. Ther.;; person~ set up :-~ h3c..dqu.:rtcrs 

"'·--- :~~'c.tiJ fro1:1 the Ullion hc.:...dou~tcrs .:.:1d cnG.c.:.vorad to t:Jcc ov3r the stril~e. 

'.':i:: st;-il:c th~y •. ere not ·successful bcc::.usc of the ilction of thJ loc::.l 

c..:1~Luriticz, \':ho rw1 thma out cf to\,n. rcl;;.tod tlu. .. t o:1c dc.;r 

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HIGHLANDER FOL!: SCHOOL 61-12 

cl"J.rinc the stril~e, l:e sighted drivint; .:...~ .:.utomobilc in 

Rock;rood .:.:nd took cut after hiLl in t..'1 utt~mpt to urr~st him. 

1;,::;,z ctr:.;_vint; ::.. c.:..r 1.d. tJ1 VJ.!'Ginin license pl~tes on it ~1d h~d been seBn frc-

~·d.th LYLES EOHTC~; for scvcr.:.l days precec!inc ti1is incident. 

._follo;;cC: out into the country . j·, =1·e :;c succeeded 

ir. stopping ~:~ ..:rr~sting him. T:i1e bucl,: se~~ l of cc.r 

·.;c..s cor.1plctely i'il .. cd ··-~~ .l.,h litGr:.ture. rcmer:}~.urs thc..t some of 

this litero.turc cctai"'co0. t:.c follm:ing stc:.tement: "lJm:n orith the /unericc.n 

flng, up >d. th the F.:·d fbc," Other p"'-I'ts of this li ter:.ture c.dvocc.ted equc.l 

rit:hts for nct;rocs, I:l::.n·lr :;a O>etneen \mites and neGroes, the ~.doption of 

Cc::~.cu.-.ism ir. t:1is c~unt1·:·, ::r.d free love, stc,·l.~d th:.t he kept some 

ol this l:Lterct'l!' .. _·or :-'. lo·1g time but believes L.ncT, 1:, l1D-G ~l. oeen destroyed. 

I~o,d·cv~::.:·, he · .. ilJ. s :~!'c:-1 : ··.s records in en effort to ij ·._...:.r: so1:13 of thi[;. 

~:iiiii•• s'c~.tocl ::. , tll~ ,~:nJ 0f his arrest the.t iv' ·o~c.~ r r his ·,.c.y to the 

:lishl::ndm· Folk Sc .. ool to deliver o. series of lectur2s. lo.t;;r 

lcc.rnad th:. t upon his reloase, -.rent to tLG lli:;J!l::ndar Fall-: School 

end r~m:.ined thar·a for ::bout tuo Hocks, 

···~ st::t2d that p·3rsons from the Hi[bl[JJldc:r Foll~ School ~.c.d been pr2scnt c:L u l~~·gc nu:.1bzr of strikes in thi3 1o3st Tcn::::.:ssee .:xea • 

.. 3 J.isteci these pl::ces as: th2 strike o.t the Ro.yon Plc.nt at I:lizr.bcthton, 

:,::.n.:~c:.ssc::;, a stri!<c .::.t Kin.3sport, T3nr..3:ss;;c, D. strike c:.t the Richmond 

.. ~.--:J· : .. 1.lls o.t Rossvill~, Georgio., a strike at the Hichmond Eosier.r i..ills 

c,t :Coccy, Tennessee, :. stril'c at the Richmond HosiiOry l..ills at kelville, 

: ,,:,: . .;ssec, the ::bovc-JJentioned strike at the RockHood Hosiery kills .::t 

:.cr;~.:ocd, Tennessee, and c. strike ::tt the Hurrim::n Hosiery ;.Qlls ::t H<crrimc.n, 

· . . :l.1CS.SGC. 

een w1successful <:n effort 

c obtdn c.d0.i tion::l Wi.:IS: B. com:LING, pNsently 

s: crct::r;,· of the Hichl::ndcr skted thnt <:.1 though he 

<.: \:·ell ncqu::intcd ;d. th 81d th::t she has no radic::l 

c: .. :ico.:c:s, he c:::nnot vouch i'or WciS: COi:l~LiiiG bcco.usG sh·3 h::s been c;;;:,.y 

~·_, .: .. bu;;o ::tttendin:; schools throughout the country for :1 number of yccrs, 

B't' s~i:tcd tho.t he uould cor:to.ct tho resident ::t;;ents' office in Cllnttc.nooc;o. 

lc:1rns anythinG ::deli tion~l or, the subjcct, JJo undcvclopod lead is 

~~t o'.lt to ro-intorvie.: •••t 

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It was le.:trned from thct tha 

records of tha lli;;hlander Folk School uhich \iere kept at the home of l.i, 

hOSi:.:ITJi.iL <:t 821} c,mtral Avenu;;, Chatt2I.loo;;a, have been removed from that 

adcnss, pr<?stmably bacl: to the Highlander E'olk School. 

AT NO~l.IS, TE~L'ESSEE: 

c tL~ t~d t:1c. t he 1-:as sent' to the llit;hl~dor Folk 

l~~.s ,;1)r-:<. ~ .. :.. th the Fore:stry Dcpc.rtmcnt to plD.nt treos on the Highlai1d..zr 

:. " that tlinG JJJ.J!:S DOl.:Bm\'iSKI sho;·rcd cround the school. 

not;;d tho.t the library in DOI:BRU:JSl::I 1 S roorn contained capias of the 

1:orl':> of K4.l1L lJIP.X, a bio~;raphy of LENIN, ar;d oth<?r Communist books. One 

or the 'bool;s ·:ms cnti tlcd "Uorkers of the "Jorld ;.rise. n oo::BnO'.;SKI stated 

to thct tb:Jsc Comr.lunist books in the librcry •:ere us~d as baclq;:round 

for labor education. stated that he sav nothing else ct the school 

d1~ch aroused his su3picion but thD.t th~rc \:D.s no sc;ssion of th" school 

coing on o.t th.J timo \IC.S there. 

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EIGJ;LJ,.l:DErr FOll SCHOOL 61-12 

••• st::t3d th<lt oo;.J3ilOI;sJa cz.mc to Norris in th.: spring of 

1940 ;md stay<"d at the Lmc of E. B. SHULTZ. D01.B:lOO:Slii sholied motion 

pictur.Js to the Young P;,c~'les' 1iecting at tho Norris RGlirrious l''ello<~ship 

(col!ll:JUnity church &t llorr-'.s), Rei'3rend CO'JAli, the p:1stor of the llorris 

itdicious FJllcn:;hip, :::.nd E. B. SHULTZ ;:orkcd hard to gJt the Norris 

Rclit;ious F.ollwship to zi V8 fifty dollars to the Highl2J1dcr .Folk School. 

This ;1:1s done in 1940 but bcecuse of the opposition of J..mc:ricQn Legion memOcd'G wd oth;;rs, no donation 1.ill ba mo.dc to the Folk School by the iello;~­

ship this ;;'ear. - kd no otller firsth:::.ntl info:cmation conce>rning the 

llighlanC:cr Folk SchvoL 

- PENDI11G -

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l!IGHIJUillSH FOLK SCI!OOL 61-12 

U:IDEVI:LOFED LE!JJS: 

1 arsons •rithin their field C.ivision against their 

files and report briefly any Com.r.lllnist or subversi.ve activities on the part 

of such persons. 

THE DI RJ.:I NG l :Al~ OF:'I CE : 

>fAt I:imi.r. ;hrua, hl<:bama, vrill detdrmine t.'w reliability of 

the Durose l'uolishinc; vcit:;iany <.nd, if possible, deturmin., v.hat printing 

has bce.1 done by tl12C.l for· :the i!io;hlander Foll: Schoe>l. It should be borne 

in nur.d that t!lis DuBose Publish~ng Company has also dom printing for the 

South:rn Conferenca for Eu;c1an "clfare and has at l2z.st aruoted on work in 

the past for the Sc:1th2rn ·!Jorker, the Commu.."1ist new:pc..per in the South. 

is crnplo;)2d 

if he has atrGnaG< a if so, 

obtdn all possible inforC~;;.tion rcgardine; th" courses, t2achClrs, and 

student::. :·;ill also rJport all connections vi t:1 thc; Communist Fcrty of 

&.n:r e:.cti vi ty or persons ct the school. 

-::-At Huntsville, Al8b2r.1a, •rill obtdn all oossibl2 information 

from lllllllllllllllll!aaEs-co~u~t11JlJn~cudf:iur~l:rtc~foroncc report of.Ac;cnt411111111J 

T1~ DGSTOir OFFICE: 

"-~t North.::mpton, L<-.ssachusctts, will detcrninc the 

character &nd activity of tho lnsti tuto for U.bor Studies, ;tho r~c.oived a 

check for tr:o doll"-Ts from th~ Hiehlandcr F'olk School, 

T:IE DUF:'ALO OffiCE: 

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HEiHLH.ND;:;H FOL!( SCHOOL 61-12 

• 

TliE CHICAGO OFFICE: 

*At Chicago, Illinois, >T.lll ch~ck 

acti vi ti~s of LOUIS::: G?J.'fl:hl" DiCli1J..N, former 

r.11o rec Chicago, 

THE DETROIT OFFICE: 

th:Jre. 

'Jltc.; YJJm;VILLE OFFICI:: 

on the and 

At Tracy City, T8nn"ss3e, ,,-:ill re-contact l . .r, c. H. KILBY 

..;.,.f',....,... . ..,..,~.,,......, ..,,... t:l .,. ,,.,,.,,..,.._..,~-".;,.,.a "''"'r~,..r.::..,..n-ir.n' +h-. cr>hnr-1 ..L..LJ . ..I.UJ.J.J.<..o.I,.L.Ul.l. C..iJ llV JU-....J ~ ._..._,._._. Y\,;o '-'VlH.•'-.I.J.I..L..l'b ............. ..,. ...... , .. ....,.....,..._. 

At Chatt~ooca, Tonnessce1 lUll sontact 

!1•1!1111111!11!1 Hichmond uosi0ry J.~lls, llossvill\3, G.::orgia, for all 

infornc.tion in his possGssion conc..3rninr; c.. strike ct the D~isy, T~nnessce 

pl=t of the Hichmond Hosiery •:ills in 1935, -.. hen the strikers ll.:re led by 

a d;;lJ;;ation from the llir;hl~d3r Folk School, 

TEE LOUISVILLE OFFICZ: 

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fiT G f!IJ,JITEJl ?OLh SCHOOL 61-12 

ThE :.:El.:PIIIS OFFICI:: 

"At Nashville, Tonncsscc, ·,n.n pt a c~rtifiJd copy of the 

chart<:Jr of the Highln.r:dor ••olk School from the Secretary of St;:.te z.nd \,ill 

obt.::;in copias of such correspondence as muy hr,ve bc3n rrritten or received 

"t an:r time conc2rnins this charter. 

*At the Sto.te k.1crican L3gion hco.dquart~rs, ,;ill contact the 

A::Jeric"-11ization Committee to det<.ll"llline ,;hcth::r it Jw.s 

Particular search should be mc:dc for c. bulJB tin 

onary Policy Committee of the Socialist P<>rty issued in 

April, 1934 which 1mn signed by JAJ.ES DOl.iBHO~·isKI, FR.J;..1Z DiJITt;L and 

EUZIJ3ZTH Hi.l·iES. ;·:n1 obtain any othr;r pertinent inforr.;o.tion from the 

Amcricc.n L~gion ::ncs concerning the Highhndor _:i'olk School, 

THE i.J:A1!I OFFICE: 

:TE'io' YO::U: OFFICE: 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Highlander Folk School, 

MYLES HORTON, 

JAMES ll01J3R0\1SKI, 

EliZABETH HAV/ES. 

61-12 

*~ill check at 99 Claremont Avenue to determine if a 

~:.:;:::-" 'ccaring the last name SCHULTZ lives there or has lived there in 

the past. Will determine the reputation and activities of the SCHULTZ 

:···:· · · .. ··'-·"·" ~h "light link ther.t with the Comrmmist party. Will also deterdne if C. B. SHULTZ, or E. B. SHULTZ, is related, it being noted that a 

·• cY of books was recently sent to the Highlander Folk School, one of 

·:·",ich bore the name of ANNA L. SCHULTZ at the above address. 

i:·l'lill check the reputation and activities of ••••• 

~who signed himself on the register ~hattanooga, 

<.s Group Leader for the Religion and Labor F~t l22nd 

:>rect, New York. This group is also known as the Uphaus Group and 

'; :'""ently conducts some kind of a labor school, 

Will determine the and activity of the 241 East 

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lllC::tU:JD.::.a FOL!". SCHOOL 

·,:ill, f'ror:; t~ Lur c£cU cf lnc . .i.::;1·atlon o.nC: ;;:.turalizi:tion, 

dct~n1' ne th2 d·.tc ;;.nd port cf .;,ntr;r, the d ... tc cnC: plac<J o.C naturwlzation, 

tr.c cz."vc .nd pl::cce of :Oi;·th, :.n<.: t:,c· ndionalistic orio;in of JJ~S 

i..OL:: :-.c.:::;~::;:. ;1c. :L!?,c;.;s;:r ,-,::.s r.cpq·t;dl~- bom i:l ::usda, but no thin.; d~fini t<J 

ir. t:_is .:·:!c3.rd ~:.o:s tc.;r;, 1-:;.::u .. ::cd. It n;..y L.J r.ot..;d t..hc.t DV~~~u:;~n: -was a 

r3sidJnt of h::Jj,"f York City ba:foi·~.,; comint; to th~ Hi .. ::JU..:u1G .. n· i''olk School • . 

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I willb to acknow:t.c!ge rece1~ ot ,_,. lett-er dat.e4 .1- 4, 1941, with 1t.e •closRre. 

lCMU' 1101U't.ee7 and iat.ezoet. ta llrinD-111 

thb Won.t.lon t.o a;r attent.S.on v. indeecl 

appreciated, and J'OU ma:r be usar&4 JOU.l" lethr 

will recein appropr'iate eoneideratJ.oa. 

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Sinceral;r JOIU'e, 

John ldgar 8oon1" 

Dil"ector 

ALL INFORMATION CONTA!rlE!:> -

HEREI~~gJASSiflm DATE BY r)"f?oltrn ~~ - . . - -- d-4~.)1 
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Highlander Folk School 

by JANE LAWSON 

Editors' Note:-This vear the Highlander Folk School u.•as mode a bemliciary of the Vassar 

Drtt)t. The ,·nrerest of Vassar in H''ghlander dates from 189 3, when Dr. William 

Wyrkof Johnson. Instructor oi Hatorlj at thf' collegr, encouraged the school's found.trs 

and goJ.)e them thl' original building. Many Vassar graduates haue been connected with 

Highlander, including among others Elizabeth DarJ Hawes. '29 (Mrs. F. Danz'el), Mrs. 

Ruby T. Norris, '29, and Rosanne G. WaliHr, '38. Jane lawson, '39, author of the 

article, is at prestnt a st>crttary at the school. 

I 'I xt·uR~f 1 inspire, and demonstrate" 

- -here is a platform for an eduC';ltinnal in~titt1tinn. Highl~nrler Folk 

School. situated in the Cumberland 

:\fountains in a ruraJ community that 

has the dubious distinction of being 

the poorest in the South, does all thr~e 

in its complex, varied, and exciting 

work. During two resident sessions of 

six wec·ks each, workers and farmers 

from southern unions and coOperatives gain new insight into the world 

in which they make their living. 

Through an extension program1 thousands of rural and industrial workers 

within a radius of two hundred miles 

receive the educational services of 

classes, meetings, and recreational activitit>s. Highlan<ier'~ own hnmf'>work 

is its service to the community, the 

circulation of its library, its nursery 

school and its friendship for the neighbor folk. Informing, inspiring, and 

demonstrating are continuous and 

f 1 'er-growing processes in one or another of these fields of usefulness. 

Highlander isn't much to look at. 

\\'e call ourselves a school, but there 

are no school buildings : only a simple 

frame farm building with a vine-covered stone porch, a gate that closes 

with a rock weight looped on a chain, 

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oaks and dogwoods and one hazelnut 

tree in the yard, and a cornfield at our 

back, beyond the well-house and the 

blacksmith shed. There are Hoboken, 

the cow, whose bell keeps track of no 

time at all, and chickens, and two 

sturdy dogs. The surrounding country is beautiful. The Tennessee mountains are all the campus there is, and 

the curriculum is likely to include 

picnics at Eagle's cliff, swimming at 

Deerlick }'ails, and bonfires and sunsets on the bluff. One might wonder 

what sort of a school there could be in 

this. quid ~vut. 

Highlander's work is exciting, in 

the same way that the idea of our 

own country and our people, still 

growing into democratic ways, is exciting. Highlander is a part of that 

growth. The labor movement is no 

place for "movie" emotions; its excitement doesn't mean mountain moonshiners holding shotguns over quaint 

little vine-covered stills, with corncobs ahout, and other literary accessories. There is an excitement that 

comes from seeing hope in the very 

strongest part of our country, its 

great mass of working people. It is 

their strength that may yet see us 

safely throuc:h a period of such crises 

as f~ce us Tn today's headlines. If 

their strength is not to he warped to 

work for an hysterical Coughlin or 

any oiher Fuhrer, they must be equipped with knowledge of their world. 

There is hope in the people who 

pass through Highlander- not that 

they would put it in such general 

terms. They come to learn specific, 

immediate things concerned with 

building their organizations. 1\len and 

women here find. out about the world 

they have been working too hard to 

investigate, working too long hours 

for too low pay. Some of the students 

have not gone past the second grade; 

J 

\. 

the average have had seven years of 

schooling. Their unions have made 

them want to ask a lot of questions, 

and they want to find out how to build 

those unions, as their contribution to 

democratic living. They come to help 

solve that number one problem, the 

South, for themselves and for the rest 

of us. 

Students are the most important 

part of any school, from Vassar's 

"community of scholars" to a southern labor schooL The program here is 

huilt around the resident students. 

Last term there were unua.ually . .f.ew, 

only seventeen (usually about twentyeight attend), representing· seven international unions, an mdependent 

art1sts umon, two cOlleges, and the 

Young \\·omen's Christian Association. Only those endorsed by their 

union or coOperative or other organization are accepted as regular students. This assures that they will have 

a sphere of action to put their education to work in. Highlander students 

go back to the labor movement as responsible, informed people, active 

union members, officers and organizers, members of educational and cultural committees, teachers in labor 

schools, leaders of coOperatives, farm 

organizations and community life. 

In many ways the classes themselves are unique. They arc composed of adults who have learned a 

good deal from first hand experience of what they are studying. Union 

Problems class, for instance, is one 

to which the students bring as textbooks themselves and their everyday difficulties. Economics class, usually called "how we make our living," 

takes up day to day problems and 

gives them a broader interpretation. 

The school offers no pat solutions, no 

ready-made doctrines to answer the 

difficult questions discussed, since they 

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l(' \'.'1. '" " ~ · re mor•· l'<j111tal11: 

admi1:ist 1 ,;tc•1 '·oth ,\ l; of L ant! 

CIO locll~ I the same 1m:-;iness 

ag-ent- 1t ~( 11 ed the best way to 

maintain soli< .;lr;ty in the face of (lisagreements h('twren thc1r parent organizations. The county organization 

was behind two coOperative gardens 

this summer, one for ten and one for 

eighteen families. The Conference recently voted to dissolve and refonn as 

a unit of Labor's Non-Partisan League. The constitutional convention 

which accomplished this was attended 

by about equal numbers of A F of L 

and CIO members. 

In all of this the school had a part. 

~[embers of its staff participate in 

county politics and are ready at hand 

to help with aclvice and encouragement and with their time and energy. 

They speak at meetings, put out a 

newspaper, lead songs, and give technical aid. The school is the cultural 

and educational center for lahoring 

people from miles around. The first 

classes at the school were gatherings 

of community people. The school 

maintains a staff member whose sole 

concern is to work in the community. 

She teaches Sunday school and also 

teaches a WPA adult class, and is a 

member of the newest coOperative 

venture, which is eventually going to 

buy a coOperative cow. She is a recent 

graduate of Duke University. 

One could go on and on, enumerating the activities of Highlander: the 

week- end institutes, such as the 

fill' 

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·:1-• 'j•l':\'-. r.; to tl,c (.,,lf,.iTilCi' ~·f 

.',o;!l_ht rn (_.hurchnwn- all thl' wnrk 

that colll,., tn hand in advancing the 

cause ol progre!'sivr action in the 

~outh. ~taiT tlll'lllhers <lo research on 

viulati llh o{ civil lihrrtics in southt'rn 

unions, write pamphlets on current 

subjects for the usc of former students, ami carry out a program of publications. This summer an experimental Writers' Workshop for college 

people ancl workers was held in conjunction with the League of American 

Writers and will probably be held 

again next year. Two years ago, a 

Quaker Work Camp took over the 

school plant, built an athletic field, and 

set up a nursery school. 

The Nursery School is one of the 

most valuable of the school's community activities. Parents are drawn 

together by it, and the children learn 

there to he coOperative as their parents learned to coOperate in unions. 

The school relies on its native sticks 

and stones, orange crates ancl acorns, 

for equipment, and a teacher who 

came from the Bank Street Schools is 

director, janitor, parent-worker, cook 

and school bus-driver, all in one. She 

is helped by two local girls on NY A to 

whom she is giving a course in Nursery School education. 

Behind all these seemingly scattered 

and separate activities is always discernible the basic purpose of the 

school. Its educational policy is to 

prepare students to deal more intelligently as workers and citizens with 

t 

arc not such as admit of an easy, complete solution even in theory. Rather, 

the students, hy pooling their experiences, learn techniques of dealing 

with situations as they come up; when 

their jobs or their rights of organization are threatened they will know 

how to deal with the problem in a way 

that may make a future solution possible. 

The staff is active in the field of 

labor, as members of the American 

Federation 'of Teachers and as writers, speakers and organizers. They 

bring this activity to their work together with their college background 

of Union Theological Seminary, Duke 

University, Vassar, Emory, Chicago, 

College of the Ozarks, and Reed. 

Informality characterizes the work, 

thongh there is a definite plan of work 

to he covered. The school con1munity 

is much more closely knit than a college because the students and staff 

share in the work of maintaining the 

farm and running the household. The 

give and take of coOperative living 

gives rise to plenty of discussion that 

supplements class work. In other 

ways, classes arc carried over into 

practical life. Public Speaking takes 

over a meeting in Tracy City; Dramatics class goes on a tour to a striking Georgia union; Union Problems 

class often takes the fom1 of advice on 

a situation in the local, hack home: 

during class hour, it deals with running a union, taking up grievances.! 

the payment of dues, and what •l~ 

terms of a contract mean in opera 

Labor History is the story of working 

people's efforts to better themselves 

and the country through organization. 

It links the past to the present, giving 

the students a perspective on their 

present-day problems. The class in 

Economics is the most theoretical, and 

one of the most enthusiastically attended. Here the student who had 

buried himself in practical details of 

organization is made aware of the 

whole economic structure of society 

"" 
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l!t'CtS'-.:; 

Thee c~.re cours~'s in which Ll' stn· 

dt'nts l(~:_,_rn by doing, throug· J'r(•Jlcts. TIH' Journali:-m. cla::;s givt training in ktter writing, writing f1 ~ labor 

papers, u.~l(t putting out tnimeo~ ·al'll<'(l 

~hop J•<-·j,crs. Parliamentary Pr, ccclur~ 

tcache:, the student how to run 1 l.usi11esslike meeting. Singing g• 'CS ou 

most of the time, for fun and to learn 

new songs that may be taken back to 

the local union meetings. 

The library, built up mostly hy gilts 

of friends, has over six thousand 

books and pamphlets and lahor papers, which the students can, and do, 

explore. tieing built up in this way, 

though, it has many gaps, and one of 

the needs of the school is to receive 

more publications such as the Monthly 

Labor Review, and to enlarge its list 

of recent books. 

A Aexible relationship between student and teacher and the easy adapt· 

ability of its members are two of 

Highlander's assets. The work outlined is done, and usually a lot more, 

but without strain. llecause of the respect and esteem which the school has 

in the southern labor movement, the 

Jcaclers of the unions, experts in the 

ticld, arc glad to lend us their assistance. Southern directors and representatives of eig-hteen diffcrt:nt union:-., 

ami representatives of the NLH.B, 

the \\'age and Hour Board, and the 

National Youth Administration, as 

well as other state antl federal agencies, come as guests, lecturers, friends 

and question-answerers. 

In spite of Highlander's location on 

a mountain- top thirty miles from 

Chattanooga, the nearest city, it is a 

meeting place for progressive thought 

in the south ancl a center for travellers 

-writers seeking- material. artists 

with prull'tarian interests, educators, 

:--ll:·lef!ts and m;t:istt.:- L'.'·C<frr ~ttl 

dePts, a1Jd otl11:·r~. :t'·, \\eL <"IS W(lrh·rs i1· 

th(~ labor movem.~llt. An an;:,ly-.is 01 

tiH' guest book would he inkrcsting: 

of the five hundred or mon• g-t>est-; thi~, 

year, there have heen people of rver:· 

occupation, irom missionaries and so 

ci;::.i workers atvl chemists to a man 

who measures the distanr<'s of pigcou 

flights. The labor leaders who conw 

here to talk to our staff and to caclL 

other discuss new contracts or organizin~ plans and join in our singing 

and square dances; any one who is on 

hand .vill ht:lp us mend tl.c roof and 

pick beans. All have a common interest in and sympathy with the educational work going on here. In this connection it is interesting to know the 

development of the school's philosophy, which explains our mountainside 

location and how we have become a 

center. 

Perched on a plateau, Highlander 

finds the south beating a path up the 

mountain to its door. But it began 

rather quietly, and kept going only 

with a good deal of struggle. That 

struggle, of course, is not hy any 

means over, nor will it he soon. Supported hy voluntary contributions, the 

school has no money for salaries or 

othrr luxuries. ~lyles Horton, who 

founded Highlander- it was a hard, 

pcccari(lllS hq~inniug more than a 

"founding" - fl'lt keenly the need 

of his own section of the country 

for some help in self-construction. 

"Education" of the formal kind he 

saw was too glib an answer to the 

actual poverty and hardship that the 

people faced. A purposive education such as he had seen in the Danish 

Folk Schools was needed, an education which would help them to understand why their lives were impoverished and how they could improve 

them. The slow progress of industrialI 

J 

I 

I 

ization mong the people in the mountain re~ ons and the mill towns served 

to pres rve for tht~m some strength; 

tht-y wt ·e not ready to accept demoraliziug onditions with resignation, as 

did the workers in many northern regions. ~'hey wanted to keep on fighting for 'he American ideal of life, liberty ar:-1 the pursuit of happiness. 

1\lyles J lorton felt that here was an 

opportunity to direct the American 

tradition towards a sound and brotherly basis of democratic living. In 

Summerfield, Tennessee, he fouml his 

opportunit) ovhen Dr. Lilliau Johnson, an enlightened woman who sympathized with his enthusiasm and purpose, gave him her farm to start out 

on. 

It was not his desire to create another institution but to find a natural 

approach to education. His first classes 

were the informal discussions of the 

folk around the school who came naturally to ask its help. As the school 

grew, it found that it could help working people most effectively by helping 

them in the organizations they were 

huilding for themselves, and therefore 

the regular courses are now primarily 

for tmion people and for the training 

o£ union leaders. 

Grundy County was a good place in 

which to start. It is one of the most 

tempting sociological lahorat!lries c:-:e 

could find; it is one of the richest human neighborhoods one could live and 

work in, and one o£ the poorest, most 

"depress<'d" areas in the country. 

Eighty per cent of the county's population are on relief. • The people are 

rural workers, but there is none of the 

atmosphere of the Happy Fanner 

hustling about in a new Ford tractor, 

while his wife boils the three chickens 

in the pot.t 

In the past the main employment 

was mining and lumbering. There was 

plenty of game. But now the mines a 

worked out and the forests are cut a1 

there is not even any hunting to spc. 

of. The soil is so thin and sandy th 

erosion makes gardening and farmi· 

thankless. Everybody can't take 

everybody else's washing, and no o 

wants quaint pottery and haml-er 

cheted knicknacks. The people pie 

quilts because they need them, at 

cane chairs because that's the w; 

they get chairs. Shoes, school boo; 

clothing, housing, food, are at an u 

believable minimum for n .-.....~ fa1 

ilics. The thousanu familu.. .1 reli 

must get along with the services of 1 

doctor at all. There is a tragic wa~ 

of life from tuberculosis. malnutritic 

measles and diphtheria. 

,\t the time the Folk School beg. 

in 1932, the people had almost hit b< 

tom. They had been blacklisted at 

their unions had broken down; b 

land had beaten their cooperativ< 

Even on \VPA jobs, men were cheat 

hy a corntpt administration whi 

falsified joh classifications. Yow 

people who had left the mountains 

hunt for work in Akron or Detr< 

came hack home when they began 

starve in the cities. But they .... w.ere a1 

are a tough-fibred people . n Ot 

growth of their feeling ot ....... tternt 

and unrest was the formation of IH 

st:-ong unions, lcc:1ls of ~he \Vorkc 

Alliance and of the Hod Carriers a1 

Common Laborers. The fact that th 

built up their unions when, in ma 

cases where the unions were fought, 

endangered and still endangers tht 

security is an index to their charact1 

The unions turned to political • 

tion to break up had administration 

their jobs, and defeated the coal co< 

pany's strangle-hold on the commll 

ity. In 1938, Labor's Political Conf• 

cnce of Grundy County was formed 

a mass meeting of 250 people. Thou: 
----------- --- -

( 

REPRINTED FROH THE NEW RtrUBLIC { 

December 9, 1940 

A Good School Under Fire 

ONE oF our favorite educational institutions in the 

whole United States is the Highlander Folk 

School at Monteagle, Tennessee. Highlander is a labor 

school; its chief purpose is to take promising trade· 

union members and equip them better to help their 

organizations fight for improved conditions for the 

working man. No student is taken unless he is endorsed 

by a Joc.al union. No distinction is made between AFL 

and CIO, both of which cooperate with the school. 

In addition to this primary purpose, the school has 

two others. It attempts to aid the people of the little 

" __ ,_,,:ty where it is located; it conducts a nursery 

school for people nearby and has sponsored several cooperative undertakings for them. It also has an extension division which does field work of several kinds in 

cities near and far. 

The direct support of labor is indicated by representation on its executive council. This body includes a 

\Tice-president and another representative of the A..'T.SP!-

r1n Federation of Hosiery Workers; the Southern 

d:rector of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers; the 

~-"''dent of the Chattanooga Printing Pressmen, and 

o _l0cal secretary from the United Mine Workers. 

\mong many labor groups supporting the school is the 

Nashville Trades and Labor Council, AFL. 

The schools has friends in other quarters than the 

nrganiUd iabor movement. Mrs. Eieanor Rooseveit 

1s keenly interested and maintains a scholarship there. 

The benefit this month in the nation.al capital is spon· 

sored by a Justice of the Supreme Court, l)lembers of 

the Cabinet and of Congress, a former governor, 

1dm:ni<t!""ators of leading federal agencies, two memhers of the National Defense Advisory Commission 

and other prominent persons. Mr. J. W. Studebaker, 

Uruted States Commissioner of Education, wrote the 

committee on arrangements: "Although I am asked 

every week to lend my name for the sponsorship of 

many undertakings and naturally lind it necessary to 

dccEne, I am willing to be one of the sponsors of your 

benefit." 

Why do we go into such detail about the support the 

Highlander Folk School receives/ Because there has 

been a long continued, vicious campaign in Tennessee 

to destroy this institution. Most of the newspapers of 

the entire surrounding territory have repeatedly lied 

about the school, on such a scale that the falsification 

cannot be attributed to an innocent misunderstanding: 

The charges have been that the school was "commu· 

nistic," that it was misleading the young people, and 

so on. Dr. James Dombrowski, director of the school, 

has denied all these charges and has indicated his wmingness, if it could be proved that the school is un· 

American or i~ detrimental to the community and to 

the people it serves, to put an end to its work. Nobody 

has ever brought forward even a fragment of evidence 

that the charges are true. 

Who is behind the attempt to destroy the Highlander Folk School1 First of all, it is reactionary employer'S throughout the entire South, men who object 

to the school because it trains people to become successful leaders of strong trade unions. Locally, there 

is reason to believe that the Tennessee Consolidated 

Coal Company has had a good deal to do with the 

attack. This company has for years dominated Grundy 

County. In 1938, for the first time, a group of county 

officials were elected who were not subservient to the 

coai company, and the schooi faculty was active during 

the campaign in support of these candidates. 

A few weeks ago, feeling was stirred up to such a 

pitch that a vigilante group calling themselves the 

Grundy County Crusaders planned to march ag:tinst 

the school. If this had been done, blood would cer· 

tainly have been shed. At the last minute, the vigilante 

leaders were persuaded instead to confer with the 

school officials. As a result of this live-hour conference, 

the tension was relieved somewhat. But there is danger 

that it will rise again; there are plenty of people in 

Tennessee who don't want a school that prepares effi· 

cient spokesmen for labor, and will stoop to almost 

anything to destroy it. 

~ I 

i 

,. 
( 

Instead of considering her m'Yironment in 

a mouniain tommimity as u harulicap thiJ 

teacher in'Yestigt~.tes its possibilities 11nd 

makes use of them in de->eloping further 

that ingeniousness which probably will al-

~ • - - - - .r • • I .t_ --- wars be Important to rne exurence OJ rnese 

people. Miss Lewis teaches in the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee, tJnd is the author of "Deep As a Giant'' 

published in the March 1938 issue of CHILDHOOD EDUCATION. 

I SAW Joedy, a little boy of five in ragged 

overalls and bare feet, stoop down and 

pick up from the ground a forked leafy 

twig that had fallen from the oak tree 

above us. In a twinkling he placed the twig 

nn his neck so rhar the luxuriant leaves 

clustered over his head and down his back. 

w"' it Joedy or a horse standing before 

me? Without a word the transformation 

had taken place. As soon as the boy was 

encased in his ~:rlorious mane he began to 

~tam; his feet~ even his face rook- on a 

horS.:y expression, and he was off, galloping across the field. 

All of the children were playing horse 

in some fashion. Earlier that morning we 

had been over to pick carrors in our school 

garden. On the way back we had to go 

through a field of old brittle cornstalks. 

So, naturally, when we reached the end 

of the field, every child was astride a cornstalk horse. These broke very easily, but 

were substantial enough for a morning of 

fun, and rhe supply was endless. 

More perrnanent was the tree horse in 

tne grove at the corner of the school yard. 

( .. 

By CLAUDIA LEWIS 

This was just a low branch with a fine 

resilient bounce. A piece of burlap thrown 

over it for a saddle and presto! this was 

a horse, roo. 

Ir is a lucky thing, I have often thought, 

that here in the southern mountains ir is 

warm enough to have our schooi outdoors 

six or seven months out of the year. It is 

lucky, too, that we are in a rural community where we have plenty of cornstalks and 

trees and spacious fields. For there is practically no money for this little community 

nursery school operated with the help of 

the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, 

Tennessee. And even if there were money, 

I question whether or not it should be spent 

on expensive, ideal nursery school equipment. Should Billy be given a little wooden Kraft cheese box ro break up when 

his own father painstakingly makes novel 

cigarette cases out of these very boxes, in 

rhe hope of earning a little money to support his family of six? Should I even give 

the children those bright net bags that 

oranges come in, when some families are 

glad to have them to rack over their windows as screens? I did furnish small scraps 

of good cloth for doll dresses until some 

of the mothers, visiting one day, saw the 

nice broadcioth pieces and remarked that 

they would make such pretty collars and 

cuffs for children's dresses. 

W• Look for Things to Use 

The story of this Summerfield Nursery 

School, situated in one of the most povertystricken areas in our country, has been the 

story of rhe search for adequate play equipment in what grew around U.S; or in what 

could be secured at no cost. 

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It has not been too difficul[ ;earch, 

because to a child a cornstalk 1. ,eldom 

just a cornstalk. More often than not it 

has been a child rather than myself, the 

teacher, who has discovered the uses of 

grass and acorns and odds and ends. It 

was Carl who picked up some old pieces 

of tin and asked me to tie them around 

his neck so that they would jingle like a 

cow belL It was Grant who, after building 

a barn of blocks indoors one day, skipped 

out into the yard for a moment, returning 

with small bundles of dried grass for hay. 

It was Willie Mae who first went gathering weeds for "greens" to cook in her playhouse, and who made "tea" with oak 

leaves. Nor should I omit to mention that 

it was a father who brought us a doll made 

of the tops of coca cola bottles strung together on wires. Some of these mountain 

people are very ingenious-are forced to 

become so. I wonder if the experience 

these nursery school children are having 

Hi u.:i.tdg ·v,.:~~it is in their environment, in 

making something out of nothing, may 

help to foster this ingeniousness. 

What are some of the other "nothings" 

that can be used' The grocery stores in 

the town cwo miles away have given us a 

generous supply of orange crates for playing house and barn and train. Before we 

had these, we found that an old bench 

turned upside down made a fine train. And 

for a house the little girls were quite satisfied co outline a litcle area with sticks, 

chen fill ic with tables and stools that were 

really little stumps, and dishes that were 

old mason jar lids, too bent for real use. 

Tin cans (with the tops cut out carefully) 

have always been fine for pails and pitchers. A coffee can with a stick placed 

through a hole punched in the lid is, of 

course, a churn. 

There are plenty of things to "cook" 

besides leaves. What about pretty little 

white pebbles' What about toadstools and 

berries, and those fruits called "mock 

oranges" in our part of the COUf • "• which 

look very appetizing but are n, JCtually 

edible. And acornsAcorns need a chapter by themselves. 

We have used them as children in many 

city schools use boxes of colored cubes, 

as coal to haul around in small trucks, or 

if you have an apple truck, acorns can be 

the apples. They can be potatoes, ice, or 

meat-anything you need for your truck. 

We keep great boxes full of them on our 

shelves. Shiny brown, smooth to touch, 

the chiidren iove them. Outdoors in the 

early spring we "plant" hundreds of baby 

oaks, and all year long set our tables with 

acorn cups. 

I even made roy chickens out of acorns 

for the children, by driving cwo small 

sticks in for legs and one for a tail (which 

lends support and enables the "chicken" 

to stand.) Then, too, acorns can be used 

for aii kinds of counting games. Why, anyone could start a school under an oak tree! 

We made potato roys, roo; the potato 

hogs were especially effective. The little 

sixreen-year-old mountain girl, Dorothy, 

who was my volunteer assistant for 

months, brought in one day a whole family of cornstalk dolls she had made, including a cornstalk horse. These proved 

ro be not durabie enough for children of 

preschool age, but I should think they 

would have great possibilities for children 

a little older. 

We Paint t~nd Maire Music 

Dorothy also brought us some "orange 

paint" one day to supplement our small 

supply of watercolors. "Did you really 

make this, Dorothy'" I asked. 

"Yes' m, I made it from a root that 

grows on the side of the mountain. I 

don't know the name of it. People use it 

to stain wood, and it makes a right pretty 

stain.'' 

This became the children's favorite 

paint-until the pokeberry season. Then 

;-... ----~------------()_..,......~~-. ..,.,--~--· "'Z::~ ' ' 

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their social and economic problems. 

Josephine Roche, in the Alumnae 

::\Iagazine for October, says that 

"Only as the men and women of labor 

acquire a secure status as citizens of 

inJustry can they effectively meet 

their responsibilities and exercise their 

rights as citizens of a self-governing 

democracy." As a labor school, and as 

an adjunct to the progressive movement in the south, Highlander is training leaders who will bring about that 

industrial democracy so fundamental 

to the health of the whole nation. The 

( 

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'· 

school believes that the object of education is action; it advocates that decisions reached by serious study and 

discussion be acted upon. \Ve are interested in \Vorking people primarily, 

because they are the largest, neediest 

vital group in our population. They 

are the majority. Labor unions have 

become their most effective means of 

cooperative action. Highlander Folk 

School undertakes to serve the labor 

movement with education, that will 

inform, inspire, and demonstrate, in 

democratic action. 

*Study made by a local public welfare official in 1938. 

tIn the 1930 census. most of the population of 9,719 ;ue classified as rural non-farming. 

The WPA wages last year were S25 a. month; this munt less than a nicke1 a meal for 

each member of~ family of six. provided •very cent went for food. The ~verage bmily saw less than S 150 in cash in a year . 

----- ----·- ~-· ............-----~------ , .• ~ ... ·oc-~. ,__...,.._...-
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

:rorm.No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT ll'll.ZNO. ·n 

NEW YORK, Jf. Y. 

:o SYNOPSIS OF FACT'S: 

ranoo~lt 

WHICH MADE 

5/9,10,12/41 

~ .. .u.:.y 

INTERNn SECURITY - C 

EIJrrN slscHULTZ, tormer~ ot 99 Claremont. St. present.~ residing at. 19 South La Salle S et., 

\

Chicago, n.i.JJf• Y. t~es reveal tha. _arles 

Webber represented th~t.bodie tor 

1 'Social ~trv'co_.at the 'rhirl1 Congreiseuor t.he·-

American League against. war and !aci11111 that aet. 

ill Cl~Jland• Ohio, 1/3-5/36. Highlander ,Olk 

Schoo~P Robert. Karah~l Foumation, ETHEr/CLYDE, _.t 'lf.;. . OSCA.l.APPEL !..'ld JO!W ... 'Y.OND, _ f:.- , 

~ATION CONTAIN.ED 

- p - ~~~~IN)tUfiC~~~IFIED · . lll\1 tdlr HW ~Y Report or Special Agent. •. K'iioxville, -1_ ..U::~'-4-1.1-o~ 

4-lo-.t.l • ,6 'l r_., :: .::; - . :... ~... .. ' 

The reference report requested- that a~ch~ck be ude 

to determine the- character and rep~tation o! the 

SCIItJI:l'Z !Mmi~, who resided at 99 Claremont Street. 

This address ia lc;l011ll aa JlcGu!ters Hall,· a dormito:17 that 

accommodates aarried couples and single _girls wbo are ill 

attendance at Union Theological Seud.nary, whieh-;111 located 

-..ithin one block ot the dormit0:17, n&~~~ely, BrQidliay at 12oth 

Street. It was learned through the superilltendant and , 

janitor or tha donnitory t.bat. no one by the name o! SCHULTZ .. 

was residillg at the above address at t.be present time, and to 

the best o! their knowledge there had been no one by the name 

·--:-_ 

\ 

ot SCHULTZ during the past•three years, which 1e the time that 

1 

~ _:,;L::-:to -~~-p;;t~~h~av~e~be~e;n~e~mp5l~oy~e~d~in=~=~r~e=s=p=e~ct~i~v~e~~~t.1~ona~.~~~:::~:j 

COP'IU OF" THIS fllm-c)fiiT 

......... ......._. .......... _ .,_.,. 
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-~~.-::~ ~--~::.·-_:- .' ~ J~i;,, - '""•;;... . .._v 

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100-9450· 

The writer made inquiry at the registrar•• o!1'1ce at . Union Theological Se!llinary • Broadlrllir at l20th Street, where a 

record or all students is ~~&intained. The recorda reflected . 

that E!Jf:Ul B. SCHUI:l'Z left the college in 1931, partially gr8duat1ng therefrom, and he and his wife, ANN! L. · . .5CHULTZ, resided 

at 99 Claremont Street while he wu 1n attendance at the unive:rllit;r. The forwarding address given on the record 111 19 South 

La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois, md all mail. such as school 

literature had been forwarded to this address, which apparent]¥ 

reached him a& none Dad been returned. · 

I 

Undeveloped leads :were set out in reference report to 

check the character and reputation of various individuals who 

maintained bank accounts at various banks 1n Nn York Cit;r, who 

bad made contributions to the Highlmlder P'ollc School. The file 

indices of the New York Field Divillion did not reveal that there 

had ever been an;r extensive investigation of an;r of the individuals mentioned in the reference report, but all the information. 

i.,., +.hA n~w v"',.u- f'i1a• ._..,, "'- -•'•-A •-" .c- •"'4• -.!!--~ · · -• -·- •w-... ..,..,.,-. ........ ..,.., --~ - .................. vw. WU' -· ..__._. 6V,t1Wol. W. 

.t.. memorandUm. dated April 23, 1937, tfe1r York file nUI!Iber 

61-506, renected that llrs. CLYDE participated 1n the student 

strike against war which was staged throughout the United States 

April 221 1937. The name of Jlre. ETHEL CLYIE is listed as one 

of the nineteen aunbers of the Advisory Board of the American 

Stu:lent Union. 

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JtRRY O'CONNEL 

RAPHAEL ZON 

GORDON JACKSON 

GEORGE Jl.ARSHALL 

HEBER BL1NKENBCilN • 

f> r 

. ' ~ . . 

No addreu waa giv1111 u to where the Foundation'llight 

be located. It 1a presumed that GEORGE JU.RSHALL 1e CODilected in 

some capacity with the Foundation. 

' P E N D I N Q 

I. 

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·- --- --·- --------------·-~----------------

JO~i~DCAR HOOVER 0 • ~OIR~R 

,.~ ....... J!.e:b.eralllur.eau of lnu.el1figafion 

Bnit.e:b itabs ll.eparfm.enf of Ju.tir.e 

llllaslJingtnn,IL cr. 

I;;.:, 

( 

I 

June 61 1941 

MEMORANDUI4 FOR J!R. TOLSON 

, .. ' 

~jn connection with the Director's address at· 

)..sewanee. on June 9 1 I belt eve it might b6 well for him 

·to be acquainted with the nature of the J/ighlander _ 

• 

., 

••• 

••• 

=~-- i ..... , ....... _ ::::t_ .,.-..f 

T•l• .... • ---

i T-.,---

Mr ...... __ _ 

., I ....... __ _ .... 

··-~-- __ _ 

Follr; sc.~.J and a memorandum concerning same is attached. i 

· This school is very well lr;nown in that Section of / 

Tennessee and is heartily condemned because of its Communistic!/ 

af"fliliations by all of the good citizens. It is probable 'i:hat 'l 

.•omeone may mention this school to the Director and expec~ him 

to have some lr;now1edge of it. 

.. , 

ryA \ 

,. I ' ' I -· '; 

, '· 

Respectfully, 

(c@, 

R. c. Hendon 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN I 

OAT~-

I' . I .• >\) D J; 

rfr' 

UNCLASSIFIED 

:9) '64- BY ~yp~~ <:;)4!.'~ ;(_ 

ru:ooRDED 

& 

n.::nrxED ~~-

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J!EJ.!ORANDUJ! June 6~ 1941 

. RE: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

In view of numerous complaints received in the 

Knoxville Office of the Bureau concerning Communist 

activities at the Highlander Folk School, an investigation 

is now bein,q made by that Office concerning the School and 

its personnel. 

It has been learned that the School~as rganized during 1932 on ground donated by Dr. Lillian • hnson, 

who presently lives in DeLand, Florida. J!ile orton and Jame~ombrows'/r:i are believed to have been the active 

organizers of the School. Dr. Johnson donated the land 

because she believed the School would benefit the local 

inhabitants. 

The Highlander Folk School is a labor institution 

and received its charter from the State of Tennessee on 

January 31~ 1934. The School was charterrd by J!iles Horton, ~lizabet~awes, James Dombrowski, Ruper~ampton and Malcolm ~hisholm. 

The School is located in Grundy County, Tennessee, 

about two mnes north cl A!onteanle, Tennessee, on State Road 

56 going toward 1'racy dy;:fennessee. This section of the 

State of Tennessee is mountainous and heavily wooded. 

J!on-teagle, Tennessee, is .from three to ive miles northeast 

of Sewanee, wliich me.ans that the Hiohlander Fo ~-ooTis 

approximately seven miles from Sewanee. 

Miles Horton~ Director of Education 

Folk School, is the one whose name is most 

at the Highlander 

mentioned as 

being the leader the School. 

e 

davits were obtained 

s owing that J!iles Horton teaches Commun sm and has solicited 

membership in the Young Communists' League from various local 

persons. 4l!:(X)Jlli · - .· 

• & ~~ ;-a I I -..:: :_,- /, 1 

James Domb rows'lr:i, Secr~tbl".g!f;f)l-n-lt-P--H+· TThrarrder·-F!TT~"I 

School, signs all the mail emanating fro EQ!i\'e' l'hsUtution:·;!. 

ALL INFORMATIQ~~ CIJ~,;ntr:m 

HEREIN I U"JCLASS!!-lED 

ifl) 1 AUG '911 

U.S. DF f..f,: 

J. ? 

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that Dombrowski reportedly signed a bulletin issued by the 

Revolutionary Policy Committee of the Socialist Party in 1934 

stating they would "make every effort to promote the world 

revolution and to secure Governmental power for the victorious 

revolution by arming the workers and by preparing the working 

class to turn imperialist war into class war." '\/ ~~ I; 

Eli2abeth Da~wes, better known as Ztll~awes, 

has been .active as a teacher at the School from its beginning 

and t s reported to have been espect ally ·strong in her teaching 

of Communistic principles and how they can be used in labor 

agitation. The reports in the Bureau's files indicate that 

the residents of Grundy County are on the whole very much 

opposed to the School. It appears that the officials of the 

School have caused considerable agitation among the FfPA 

workers and other laborers in the County. 

The Highlander Folk School has been successful in 

nbtaining the permission of many important persons to use 

their names as sponsors of the School, itself, or some of its 

activities. The most important name from the standpoint of 

publicity is that of Eleanor Roosevelt; Sponsorship of John 

L. Lewis and others have also been obtained. 

• 

In a letter dated January 4, 1941, to the Editor of 

the Reader's Digest, James Dombrowski mentioned the opposition 

to his School by "the Grundy County Crusaders." He pointed out 

that the battle with· the Crusaders was absorbing much of the 

time and resources of the School and it was necessary to secure t~e support of new friends if they were to carry on. He pointed 

out that their danger reflected the mounting danger to organi2ed 

1 abo r. 

·reported 

reatened 

to burn the School in November, 1 , the Sch put all of its 

Communist literature and other matter whicb it did not wis1i: to 

be found on the property in a large paper box and one ........... an admitted Communist, hauled the box from the Bchqol and hid · it in the home of one Rosenthal in Chattanooga. RrJ.senthal is 

a knotm Communist and is reported to be the indivtd'ual maintaining the records of the Communist Party for Chattanooga. 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

f'unnNo.t 

TH•• CASE ORIG,,...TEI> AT mo:::vrLLE, TElU<ESSEE FlU: NO. 100-2167 

~.n-MADEAT 

~IA.S:iiNGTON, D. C • 6/13/41 

T,.,_. 6 

EIGELA!;DER :roLK SCROOL INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

~ ' ~\ 

11 

-.' -· ".~ ·~o· FACTS' 

._.I ' ' 

!ll•lll~is .Secretary to·-~~~~···· !.line Workers ot .America. 

renort in 

I 

i 

. .;# 

·1 

" 

-- · ·_ -·-rk-· - ·- _ _:-__ ==--:::.=.:., 

~--~....,:-r.~~ 

------

... ,_ - ._:1~reau 

·:: - ::noxville 

: . RMATION CONTAINED - RUC - HEREIN I UNCLASSIFtaJ 

.t1JlATE ) ... ··:.~~~"-1 Report o:f Special .Agent made a"!E: 

Knoxville, Tennessee, dated April 10, 1941 •• ~1;;~ cry 

-1 :u'": .Ll -< 

~ ~ c= 

-

2 - ·::ashineton Field 

:,..,,'i"E~ DE!fTROYED 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

3 

( f· 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

/ ;} f) ,A: ,' k 7-,.:. 0 Deleted under exemption(s) -"~'V--_....!.I__:ol..-~'-....j.c _ __::_<-____.!:,.,,..Y~------ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

;! Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L......-J L>ocumentn;) originating with the following government agency{ies) 

______________ , was/were forwarde'd to them for direct response to you. 

Page(sl referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); _________ _ 

____ ____ ____ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be advisPd of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

i-'age\ol withheld lor the following reason(s): 

----------------------------------------

~ ,Fur your infonnation: 

~,/ 1-'h/ foHo. wing-number is to be used for reference regfg these pages: 

_bj_-:-__ r;_ s 11- ;2. t- ~ . ;;. - /I 

A.L .. \X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(Sl X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx~x 

FSI/DOJ 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Ponii.No.t 

THI. CASE ORIGINATED AT XJ!t)MLIJI, fJIIDSSJI P'IU: NO. 

DATK WKkN MADI: 

6/16/~ 

TI'JU 0 

NRIODf'OR 

WHICH M.U. 

6/12/4.1. 

HIGHUl'IDD JOLI ICBDO:L 

,~ 

I SYNOPSIS OF FACTS' 

>I 

r'JC-iii!iiiiiiliiiiilaaa. no record 1ii \lite oft1ew &ii b&1U& 

inYolYed in Commanietic or other ~bYere1Ye 

acthitlee. 

-Jl'OOReport cf lpecial .&gent. 

Tennessee, JUII8 1, 1941. 

'_fi?(_ 

InoxTille. 

A! PI~SBOBGH, PllmSYL'I'AlfU . . ---~ ... ----- --- ·~ 

0 -= ··- - .. . ' "' 

~:~j 

!be filee of the Pithburgh Office failed to reflect $ha~ 

••• h involved in CoDI!IWliatic act1rtt1u. Jlh Daile hae nef.er appv,re4 i~ tb;:, investigatlone of Coii!IIWlisUc croupe. . ;1:-..:;j ,.,;_ 

~ ! 

J 

/i \i ~. 

':"' .-. ceee 

-::,cnc. -

an 1ndiY1dual internal.'ite~~ru,.. -· - ·····~ and nothing tu.r~eQill, ...... .,.,~ ••'ho'" up 4uTtni inustigati n ·, . - w F- ,., . 

' I 

• 

DO NOT WIUTJ: IN THESE SPACES 

t 1-1- 1511 -+ r/ 7 JUL 1 2 194' 

COI"IU OF THIS ldPOR'T ~ 

:Bure&ll 5 

Knoxville ~ ~ 

!'l.tteb.urgh' \ ·) ·\ 

I ~- .1 ,.._. !:.= 

LBY \. . ' f. j. " 

--•u ··-·-· ....... \'P 
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--

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

..... IODP'Ofl WHICH MADE 19 f. ~-----__ HA_VEN __ __:•_c_o_NN_' •__ _!__6:_/24/_::._4l_:_____!__:6/:_ll/~4l:.___+-- fiii} { CHARAC"rD OF CA.: 

·- ' 1-J:GHI.ANJJER FOLK SCHOOL INTERNAL SECURITI - C -1 

:No record in New Haven file11 of ~'7c.,;_ iilillll.or being con- . 

$YNOf"SIS OF FACT'S: 

1 

I 

. .... . '·I 

{h'· 

, .. • .- ; 

-~ 

D.;TA.ILS: 

• I ·',, 

nected w1 th any Cammmistic gr'OUpllo 

Report of Special Agent 

kne 1, 1941. 

Term., dated 

A check of the indexes of the New Haven Field 

Division reflects that there is no record on file of either 

4llill.ililil~ Nearwater Lane, :Norotcn, 

• Darj.en, ·-.conn., as being 

any Cammmist gr'Cllpllo -• ;i; 

;1 

- REFERRED UPON COMPlETION TO THE OFFicE CF .!RIGI:N -

' 

.• ;LL Ill FORMATION CONTAINED 

HERE!+ U~CLASSIFIED ~ ~ DATE ; i BY SP8-r?t 08 

~ 

i 

I 

'· 

'· 

. r:)_'-1-J ~ .t_ • . -

ut "'f,""PnYED 

, .: APR 24 ISQI 

(5'•- Bureau 

; - Knoxville 

.: - !'lew Haven 

·-; ., 
:·· ' .. '! • 

·-·-=-----~ 

·• •.:;.'!, .·::-: ,-._. ... ,-

:-· ,'_<·,·~:~·<·: .... 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

. .. 

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Form. No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT DOXVILLB. !EIIliBSSD 

I"IPtiOD I"'Jt WHICH M.U:. 

6-la..!,l 

P'ILE NO. 

---- -- ----- --- -1 

---HIGHLAIDER FOLK SCHOOL to ~ton, w .. t Virginia, 4et.J'IIine4 

to be addre .. ot Dhtrin 50, Cheaioal Dhidoll, 

Uaited 111u Wo:rbr• ot .a..:r1-..:·_a lilFORMATION CONTAIN .. lltJO • HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

REFERENCE a 

j x_D ATE dlfn jK'f J!>~ur..-~ --UI4-t+.-~ Report ot Special .¢ Knon11d• :-

TIIDDIIuee, JUDII 1, 194le · .. ' ':.,; . 

DETAILS a 

Mtia.a ...,.. ..... ..-.n, .. •+•A ~ -rw,-4 •), ·- 4 ... .f'> .... -•• ... - _.. __ ..,_« ------ --... -- ·--"--... -.- - .. _ _._ .. ~ ,......,..,._.,.v .. ¥\Nolo~ 

on Communist or IUbTerliTe actiTitiele 

.AD ....,.m1net1on ot the telephone directory tor the State ot Wen 

Virginia retleoted that the 'Dilite4 Kine Worbra ot Ameriea. Diltriot f!;o. 

Chemical DiThion, ftre lhted a1 ottie111 iD the Fleetwood Hotel., 

Ch&r luton, West J. t'ulr'th<el" ..,.,,.,.. 

11 at 

REFERRED UPON COMPLETION TO THE OFFICE OF OOIGDr 

Vl n-.:" !J!:..ii t ltO\'ED 

r ' I. '1 .1.:. nrn ~-! 1~11 

_.--::, 

I COPIEI'o#'TfiiSIUPOftf-. •' '\ 

~- -- i .: " _ ... ,. 

\ ~ -'- Bureau ' co~ '"'' 

~ - KDoxttlle ~ 14-~l" .... 2 - New York (I £ ttJr Ee J 

CoDDelley) 

2 .. Huntington 

JUN 26 ~~\ 

,~ 
, 

(, ' ) ( J ~ ' '· 

• 

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' FEDERAL BUREAU OF iNVESTiGATiON (')(f 'I 

• 

) 

PonD. No.1 

THia CASE OftiQINAT'a) AT 

Indianapolis. Inde 

KNOXVILLE. TENUESSEE 

7/8/41 

P'UiiOU POft 

WHJCHMADK 

6/24/41 

'D HIGHlANDER FOlK SCHOOL 

SYNOPSIS OF FACT&: 

~ 

INTERNAL SECURITY • C 

Indianapolb 

........_ ~ 1'1j Division to have be~m CIO leader of the. ~:.:~" ·I International Harvester Company strike at Richmond. 

~~) ~~~t~m:~~~~~~~~INED ,;•·-· •~a. ~ .... 1941. 

OAT~!!.~:!.~! BY~q;}J~ . _ n . _ • -.RUc- J?~ :;;. 1 .t<.t:r!;.l'~rH;ll, - J:(epor't or <>pec1al Agent liiilliiiiiil• ~~-:i.J~. · Tenr.essee • 6/1 1

41. ,.. /' (-... 0 

I 

I 

I 

I 

DETAILS a 

i 

,I C0fr3S DER?ROYJJD 

Ill I ?3 APR 2-l · • 'f)<'LIU 'II\ I 

lfi)Bureau 

'-2 Y.no:r.ville 

2 Indianapolis 

c:. "' <" t\1 

in Indianapolis file entitled 

Harvester Com_pe.:ty. Richmond. Indiana. Employees 

Strike (2/18/41)". It will be recalled th~~ot the 

plant employed about 1300 persons and that the 

strike was more or less an echo of the strike at 1~~"a~ Tn~~~a+~~na1 ~a~~am+•~ »1D~~~ 4- ~~(Aft-- --... b""'"' - """"' ~ .., • ...,,......,. • .,,._., • VWO .,..,., .&.•Q.,U. "'D ..._. ""l.loL\,ooQQU , 

and elsewhere. The strike was called by the 
. ~ .. _1 

·• 

( 

- ---'~--- --·-~~- --·-- -----------

,., 

( .' ... (j 

CIO Union at the International Plant ~~ij~~~~:

9 Committee of the CIO. 

Richmond, strike lasted from approximately February 

17 • to the 28th, 1941, at which latter time the employees agreed to 

return pending outcome of a hearing before a federal mediation board. 

A nUtlber of arrests were made during a tree tor all tight while the strike 

Was in progress. The files ot the Indianapolis Field Division contain 

no history of d no information to indicate that he 

may be connected 'l'li th any Communistic organization. 

REFERRED UPON CO!.!PLETION TO THE OFFICE. OF ORIGIN 

.• 

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2 
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)' 

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FEDERAL BUREAU Of INVESTIGATION 

Form No.1 

THis CASE ORIGINATED AT llemphis, Tennessee FILl: NO. 61-42 . 

ltEPOJtT MADE AT 

I "i NOFSlS OF FACTS' 

REFERENCE: 

{s\ Bureau 

21lemphis 

7/10/41 

Investigation relative 

Gilbertsville, ltentuc!Q', fails 

SIJBVFESIVE ACTIVITIES 

(COIOOJNIST ACTIVITIES) 

is en active member of the Communist Party. 

-PReport of Special Agent 

Tennessee. 
4-750 \2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

__ I___ Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) -~--~ __ 7 __ C.._7L-•_-t_ ,-_7_7J:'=------- with no segregable 

Jfi;Jterial available for release to you. 

lnf<>rmation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Uocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

_________________ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

'·· wl\'ised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

f•agPI') withheld for the following reason(s): 

For your infonnation: 

~ The: following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

(_, L~!L5~..i I - 3 I 1:? • 2--

J f 

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UNDEvELOPED LEApS 

LOUISVILLE FIELD DIVISION: 

Will cover the leads as eet out 1n the report of Special Agent 

•• dated June 1, 1941, at Knoxville, Tenneseee, 

"HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. INTERNAL SECURITY- C"• 

PENDING 

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FEDERAL ei,REAU OF INVESTIGATION 

THISCASEORICINATii.DAT INOIV~, mntESSD 

P&JtiOD POPI 

lJ'iJJt.i 

0 HIGHLANIER P'CU SC!llOL 

~ -~~ 

SYNOPSIS OF FACT'S: 

.ctk~ 

•1100-

f. ?t.-

Report of Special J&ent~, 

Flo:ricla, KI,T 13, 1941 . . ' 

_.., - t.o... :.., ~ r: ::: ---;.. 

Since the:re 1a DO additioDal Sn'9est~at1on to be cOuduotocl 

in the te:r:rito:rT of the ijjemj Field DirlaioD at t.hie time, thia cue b 'be~ 7 E .::::: r·-

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form No.I 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT ~. TENNESSEE 

REPOI'T MADI: AT I DATil: WHEN MADE 

LOS ANGELES, CAI.D' • 1 7/14/41 

O HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

REfERENCEa Report o! Special. Agent 

PmtiOD P'Oit WHICH MADil 

7/l0/41 

DE'l'!II$: AT IPS ANGEI.ES. CAUFQRNU& 

.. ILE NO. 10()-5801. 

INTERNAL SECURITY - ll 
4-750 12-7-79) ( ( . 

J 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

x.xxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) .,1- 7 C.. ' / 7 P 

material available for release to you. / 

with no segregable 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

n lnfomuttion pert~ined only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

LJ Uocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

__________________ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

0 

Pagels) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_______________ as the information originated with them. You will 

hP advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

1-'agels) withheld for the following reason(s): 

.For your infonnation: 

~h,fo)lowin!Ll'umber is to be used for reference regard-ing these pages: 

0 I - 'I C: II - '? <.. -'h . ..:1.___ - ' . . _.-- -

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X NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

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. . . . ~ ~ .. ,;:-, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

:"t'i'="". ,, ~ . ;_: -- ."5 FormNo.l 

,u ·- !~.- ~ r_H_•s_CASE--OR-IG-INA_TED_ "_T __ JCN_O~X-V_l_! J_.E..:.':_TE_NNESSEE_...,..__,.'-.-----.---------_,..,.-----. P"ILII: NO. 100-859 

. - ' . II ~··"'. . .... _ 

-' .· .•. ·_ .. ' · ..•. , 

7-15-41 

CHAJtAC'IVI: OP' CASE 

iT~IIGHlANDER FOLK SCHOOL INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

liYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

... ::.TAlLS: 

l American Guardian newspaper is pll>lished 

~:~~!!Ll.eatte~s which is awned by r O'C A.\lliRTiiGER.Aiho is well known in 

-~~s. He has been identified 

with the Communist Party for many years 

and pll>lishes a good deal of COIIIIllllllistic: 

-mTC- )?c..r 

Report of Special Agent ts•••lll. ,, ~£~FORMATION Knoxville, Tennessee, 6-l-41. . m 

AT OKlAHOMA CITY, OKlAHOMA -. .- ,-;EI N 

:...!\. 

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-'"" .-.... 

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~~ureau 

'z- Knoxville 

2 Oklahana City 
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• . . 

HIGHLANDER FOlK SCHOOL OC File l00-859 7-15-41 

AMERINGER is known to be active in CCIIIIIIIlnist af!airs in this city 

and an old-time Socialist. 

'"'-'""'""' was on 

~r~~i:~~:~~;~~~n~t Mobilization· !or Peace, Student 

:c Rights and Southwest Writers' Conference. In December, 1940, be spoke before the Cklahc.ana Yoath 

Legislature Unincorporated on Peace. On January 7, 1941, a 

publication put out by the Oklahoma Committee to Defend Political 

Prisoners carried an article by OSCAR At!ERINJER against book 

burning. This was a satiric article and mentimed prom!.nently 

the trials of several COIIIIIIW1ists in Cklahana County on charges 

of Criminal Syndicalism. The editor of 'this publication is 

the wife of one of those who has been sentenced to ten years on 

Criminal Syndicalism charges and she, herself, has recently been 

sentenced to ten years on the same charge. AMERINGER's Leader 

Press has printed a number of COIIII!DlniStic articles, pamphlets 

!!''ld booklets. He once wrote a book with a forward by Carl· 

Sandberg and in December, 1940, charged that the New Deal was 

l~ading us into war. 

one of the 

connected with 

••••ad~lse,d that AMERINGER was 

UKJLII!l'oma "tty and had been 

for many years. 

REFERRED UPON COMPIZTICN TO OFFICE OF ORIGIN 

f ,_ ': 

· . .. ~ .. 

-

... 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FonnNo.l 

THis cAsE oRI_atNATED AT Knoxville, Tenn. P'IU: NO. 100-5801 

R.OII'T MAD& AT 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

DATE WHEN MADI: NRIOD I"'N 

WHICH MADE 

7-8-41 7-2-41 

IlmuiAL 8BCUlUTI - C 

a Loc:kh,eed .u•er•u 

employee. lothina detrilllental concernizl& 

her. 

-PBI 

REFKREIICE: I 12991 • 

DETAII.'5: 
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12992 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF 

Porm. No. 1 ) 

THISCASEORIGIN.AT'Ii.DAT lnaxville, 

St. IDuis, u .. ouri 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: V:aitreaaes and Jfisc~aneoua Hotel rkers, St. Louis, Kiuouri, reported t.h ._. 

.. Res!-a~a_~~-St. Louis, to the st. Louis Off ee becauae the individuals connected therewith were allegedJ.7 

pro-Nazi, and St. Louia Office files oout.ain no intomation 

me is e!lgaged in Communistic or subversive activiti ... 

JIUC 

REFERENCE: Report ot Special Agent 

Tennessee, June l, l94l. . ' 

DETAILS: ~ . 

5 Bureau 

2 !t.no:x:ville 

3 New Yo~ 

2 St. IDuia 

,.A,;'Ol'rEiS DEiiTROYED 

~ 'is f..Fa 24 1961 

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FEDE~\L BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART 2 Olf 7 

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I 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 

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•' 

~GHLANDER FOIX SCHOOL INTERN1L SECURITI -. C 

-··--··---·-----'----~-------'-:---..L_------------

.. ,_.., 

SYNOP'SIS OF FACTS: 

REFERENCE: 

.#1(.,-/ 

Names •••• lllld --checked thrOu~ the indexes or 

Bal tilnore office w1 th negative results. 

·, l ' 

. ,/ ·:" ,, 

Beport or Special Agent 

at Knoxville, Tennessee. 

:i ., . . . I.., 

The names or and ~~-~ ./'/C-. . - as aet ou.t for the Baltimore Field Division ill ';'·'-:, · · 

reference report were checlced through the inde:zes of 

this office with negative resulta •. "" .. 1'. 

REFERRED UPON CCJIPLETIOB 

TO THE 

OFFICE OF ORIGDI 

,J .. PPiiOvEo" 

F'ORW~ ·;J! ti:4'; ·~IAL /IIAD#r DO ~~ W.ltiTI: JN t~E ~ACD ' ~ c:.wo.< 

ms.ll /o L + - .. IF~TED 1

h-ll -1 37 -~UG 5 1~·:. 

~s APR 24 't9610FTH•··-... I • -- • 

rs -Bureau \~ AUG@94ll 

2 ·• Kncmlle H 

2- B aJ. 1~ )"8 ' ' ?.~~ ~ - '.I -"'_2_ __ •• ... ~-- ,___., 
4-750 (2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thP file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0 Deleted under exemption(s) ------------~ with no segregab!e 

material available for release to you. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third part;· with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

/ 

L.!d D0'u:-ent<sl ~riginat~with theJollowing_govcmment agency(ies). -------------

1-L· ~.Ali t'l</ .J....t:lTtL.ltt;EII!Ci: , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. I 

Page(s) referred for consultation to tht· following government agency(ies); 

_ -· ____ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availabilitv upon return of the malerinl to the FBI. 

l-'age(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

.For your infonnation: 

~'0T~1l577r: to3 p~:ur rl'fen·n __ ,_·"_· _"_'g_a-rc-li_n_g_t_h_e_s_e __ p_a_g_e_s_'~-----------

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

... ORIXW 

Tnu 

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PIIRIOD I'Oit WHICH MADI: 

~ . - -'.... . · . . ,-· ,·· Dft'IRIUI. IBCORM - 0 

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SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

.... 

'.14 

are DOt. the indiota of t.bl .. tile• l'all to "nect azv Jnto:n:~&tion eor; -~ Coammtet o_r ~~" utbiti .. on t.beil' part.. .. . . AJ 1 V 'l ' ftEP'~ UPOif ~LITIOI'f ~ 'niE OI'P'ICK OF ORmD · · 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION \ 

:PO:rm.No .. 1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT DOXVILLB, !'IJII'. 

PERIOD JrOfl: 

WHICH IIIADC 

~-

·, 11_.1'-':~ . .1'...,. ,; ~ 

. . . JCC 

' ~ .· Tm..E i;. 

Q HI GHI.AliDER J'OLI: SCXOOL > 

'· IJ'.rERlW. ncmun - :a y 1) 

b---------------~------------~----~------~------------

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS; 

nl'-l'fl.l. TT .a • - -~ .......... -. 

5- Bureau 

2 - morrill• 

2 - st. Paul 

•orthwest Organizer former ofti~l 

organ of General Drinra Union 5114. . ' . and 1'elllll8tera Joint Council 32 of "-.., ---:__ . International Brotherhood of felllUtera, , ,, -~~ .... ~ •· ~ 

Chau!'feura and WarehouS'emen ot .blerioa. • ":' . ~'fit 

· ( ~ ', -• JilL INFORMATION cOflT,\1\1E\Y ... RUC- HEREIN-'~ ~~CLASSIFJED;· 

. . · L ?c))ATE~BY·ct~c Report of Special .Age;:f, morrill•• ; :.:de; 

:rennesaee. dated 6-1-.41. z; ~-. _, 

'. ~ 

!he lorthrvst Orgatd£er 1• a Dewsp&per PIDiiahei 

wekl7 b7 the .f., F. of L. • Looal :/1544. General .. 

DriTera Union. an affiliate of the International 

Brotherhood of reamatera, Chaufteura and Warehousemen 

ot .&lnerioao !he lforthwest Organizer was the ottioial 

organ ot thAt local and alao of the feamatera Joint · 

Council Local #32. which is also an affiliate ot 

eaid International and which ie composed ot nriou1 ~ere of the teamiDg craft. 

Since about June lS. 1~. \ t}Je Northwest Organi&er 

baa changed it. name to th~tnduetrial Orf;lllli.&er, 

whioh 1,' now the official or,an ot the Looa.l m.. 'C~I.Ov,bnited Construction Worker• OrganiutiOJI. ?. , 

C~ttee, Allied Jlotor and fransport Workera ot_ . . ' . .- .• ·.. ' . A;:,.'.·'· :' ·,_,: : -. -. ' .. - _., , ... -

----

COPlllS DEiT&OYED 

';S APR 24 1S51 ' : .;~_:~-~,.,_- ________ ...:...:;._.:::_.::_::.:.~.:..:;:.;__,-,-,,-.,J. .. -.-.. -,.-,-,.,-,.-,-,..-,"-"'..,.;-'.,;-,_~ •. ;_u _____ ~..-....,._ __ J_ ____ _ 

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~i.aa. The leaden ot Loo&l ~ A• r. ot L. bolted to LocA

1544 c.I.O. &nd when they did ao they took their ottioial o.rpn

the liorthwat Orcaniser. The A• F. ot L •• through court action

restrained the Local /fJ.l4 c.I.O. ottioiah troa aehing the pa

&nd the llorthwut Or,;anir.er h now out ot existence and a raew 

paper of Local /fJ.l4 A• F. ot Lo haa been establiahedo The name 

ot this paper 1e the Jtilll1eaota feiUllater. When the Jlorthweat 

Ort;ani&er was fWlcticming aa al1'eady atated. it was the oti'icia

org&n of the Local#~ A. F. ot L •• which anion -a at that ta

that ia, prior to July 15th, yery radical becauae ot ita leade

ahip. Ita Bxecuti't'e Board -r• all 1111mbera ot the Sooialiat 

Workers Party, all ot whom are presently under Federal indiot.-

i'or eeditioua oonapirao:r• 

... 

, ...... . . 

':. 

-~ -·- '. . . -: .. 

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REF'BRRED UPOJT COKPLETIOIIT TO mE OFFICI OF ORIGII • • . 

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• 

~ORIGINATED -·· AT KNOXVIU.S, 1'1LE NO. 

lo!E!.lPHIS, TENNESSEE 

1 HIGHLAND2R FOLK SCHOOL. INTERNAL SECURITY- C 

aYNONIS Of' FACTS: 

'' 

Copy of charter of Incorporation of Highlander 

Folk School in State of Tennessee obtained, but 

no correspondence of consequence in files in 

office of Secretary of State. Present officiale 

at State American Legion headquarters unable to 

locate information compiled by •••• 

-PROO 

REF.o:F.E!lCE: Report of Special Agent 

Tennessee April 10, 1941. 

dated at Knoxville, 

' ' 

Report of Special Agent dated at Knoxville, 

Tennessee June 1' 1941" !.ll INFORMATION cornA!tiE~ 

DETAILS: 

HEREIN FlED 

AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE DA 

possession a copy 

member of the Te:nnElSS 

COPID Of". TH~ JYPORT (1 

CD- 3 - Kno Bur~~~ .. . lie , 2 3 . 3 - l!emp. ,,. 

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never returned it. During the course of the interview,.-., contacted 

tennessee Highway Patrol who adyised .thu. he 

no =ow ... ec•t;e present whereabouts of the file, and could 

not recall the name of the officer Who made the investigation and gave 

the <nformation to.., ••••• · · .... , :>" • • • ~ • .._. ~· ~ .. ·,:·· ·.~.~- j.,'·'}. ··~:·· 

l!!~eemployed in the office of 

Secretar;Y ei · made available !or examination by the 

Agent, her entire file relative to the charter.of Incorporation-which 

has been granted to the Highlander Folk School. · There was onlJr one 

letter in this file which was a coJIDIIunication about the GRRIUNDY;~;~~ 

CRUSADERS, Taacy City, Tennessee and l!ligned by Mr. I 

as chairman requesting a certified copy of the' Incorporation 

of the Highlander Folk School. This letter was dated November ~9, 1940 • 

• . . ..:;~ . ' . .. 

Ell CLOSURE TO BUREAU: . . 

... :_.~-

;, .~. 

. .• 

~: .. _ ;-

· .. • ~-. -· . ' " 

Photostat of .a copy of the Charter of Incorporation 

of the Highlander Folk School in the State or ; . · .. 

Tennessee issued October 201 1934. -· J ' • :· •. --!' 

i,' ·~ _.,.. 

ENCLOSURE TO THE KNOXVILLE FIELD DIVISION. .: ' 

,- " .-.. 

Copy o! charter of. Incorporation of th~ Highlander 

Folk School, State of Tennessee issued October 201 

. 1934. 

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STATE OF TENNESSEE 

Charter of Incorporation 

Be it Know11, That__ r.:yles Hor_t_Jn •. Elizab~th ljaw_s, J~e~_ I:JgmbrowskiL 

ii'l!'..,rt lie.:r.rt:>n e.n~ ~-a.:v.L":. .;n!..s!..o:~L. are .:...~reby createll a 1.1oa.y .politic_ 

and corporate by the .llama a.nd style or . 

_HIGHLAN~R 1!'01.({ SCHOOL __ 

under Sub-Section (~) o~ ~e Coda or Tennessee 1932 which .provideAs ____ _ 

tor the support or a.ny literary_ar scientific undertakla&,.as a collage 

or university. wj__th .POWers to q_onter de&ree.s, Jill acadelJl1. a debatin& --·-

society, lyceum,_ .the e.stablishment or a library; . ..the .11upport. ~ ..& ---. 

,,.,.;:,Lorical societ_y; _th~ qtg~nj,_zatJCI!LJlnd supJ>Ql;:t_or ba!.tle.tJ.!i!ld _____ _ 

as3ociations, the promoting or painting, music, or the tine arts; 

the support of boards of trade or chambers or co~~erce or other 

objects or like nature. 

The particular purposes tor which this charter is 

"ou~l-tt are the suppox-!- q_r_ tte Highlander Folk SQ.hool. adul t__work.erlil . 

e<'.'•tion, the tr .. ~nln.- '~ r--rsl a.;.' .: • .o.utr.al :eaders, and general 
• • 

~o aeven, nine, eleven or fifteen 

' 

The Board of Directors may ha.-e the power to increue the number of I>ift.cton .._.,W\11 Wi, if they deem 

the int~rest of the eorporatiou requires such increue. And the &nt or any •u'-"'""' Hoard of Direcf.qfll may have 

I he power to eleet other memben, who, on aceept&noe of membeNblp, ahall t..c. ..... corporators equally with the 

urigin:.l eorporators. The Board of Di.rt>cwfl! oltall have the J'i&ht to ~!ermine what amount of money paid into 

the tr.·•c•ury shall be a prerequisite for m,.mherahip, or, II neo "1')', what amount ohalJ be thu• annually paid, and 

failure thus to pay ohall, in the di~<Cn•tlull of the Directon, juotify the expullrion •I u.id t!Pfaultin~ member. The 

'""" of all offi<'ers may be fixed by the by-lawo, the aaid wno not, however, to· e•.-.d u ...... yean. All officel'll held 

over until their ouceesson are duly elected and qualified. 

The general welfare of I!OCiety, not individual profit, Ia the ohjf<'t for wbieb thio charter is ,-ant<-<1. and hen,.. 

the members are not otockholdera in the legal "'"'ae of the teno, !IDd no dividends or profits l!ball be divide• I amon~ 

the members. The members may at any time voluntarily dillllolve the eorporation by a conveyance of it.• """"ta anJ 

property to any othf'r corponttion holdina- a rhart.l'r (rom t_h,. R••f,. '··· .~ ... , .... ..,... ..,.. nl intft,.:,l.,. 1 rv .. f;• "· • 

rr••YidJXlJ f,,, ,...,n ... ,.., ,_ ~ • 

A violation of any of the provisions of tbi11 charter ohalJ aubject the corporation to dillllolution at the in,tar..-e 

r•f thr State . 

.. .... .:":~ii.rter is subjt"ct to modification or amendment; and in cur aa.id modification or &lnt'Lu.iuw'"· , .. '*" · ""ptrJ, corporal<> busineos is to ce88C, and the ..-ttl and property, alter payment of debU., are to be cunveyeJ, "" 

aforesaid, to 110me other corporation holding a eharter for pu~ not e<>n_:t.od with in•lh;<lual profit. Aoqui.,.._ 

cence in any modification thus declared ehall be determinl'<l in a meeun,. "P""•all) ,..J,..,ll· '' 1 1 .• 1 purJ•-. and only 

th""" voting in favor of the modification ohall tJw.n,e!t« com(•""· the <orporatton.. 

The mNlilJ!, ........ u., income or other proporty of the corporation ehall not be employed directly or inJin.'<'tly fur 

M.nJ (otiwr lJulpor"C ·••hate,·er than to a.coomplish the legitimate objPctl of ita cres.tion, and hy no irnrMu•"t'"r 4t,aJI ,, 

p.IEW'Iol~ tl)(' pn..,·er to U.ur notf"!''l or currency, deal in eurreney, bO~ or ooln, buy or rll prudurl#o .• ., .... t:liCf" 10 any 

;.,,,,~ ul ,rd>l>~ operation, D<>r hold any more rea]ftltAte than is DeOftii\IU')" for )egitiDlalr JP"t Q4 bUSineSS • 

F,,. •\»i .. n ohall be tltr only .,.mNfy (or tbr IDODpayment ol du .. Ly tbr mernl....,., and tl ... n· •hall I•· "" iu<li-

•. 1. .• ! ,,.;.},,,. auinot tlw· nwu•t .. ,.. fur rorpuraw drbll, boot the eoti"' oorporale pruperty olu•ll be lial~•· fur tbr 
State of Tennessee 

Fentress Co;.~nty 

' · -"N-c-'..,... 

• 

Register's Ottice 

August 9, 19.34 

• .... .,r,..• -~ ... ~,!"· '!"'"•• "'•rt·•·~ ""'' •• td wv~•L), .,:..., ,;;t~rt.l!y l.~u t. luc !uregulog Deed 8Jld 

Certificate are registered in said office in Book 

No."Misc. 4" page 141; tbat they were received 

Aut. 7, 1934 at 1:40 o'clock p.m. and entered 1n 

Note Book 4, page 141. 

Delpha Wright Boles, Register 

I, Ernest N. Haston, Secretary or State, 

do certify tbat this Charter, with certificate 

attached, the foregoing or which is a true copy, 

was this day recorded and certified to by me. 

This 20th day ot October, 19.34. 

. ~ ;~ .; 

Ernest N. Heston, Secretary of State 
' 

. ~· 

• 

\ ~- -~ . . ' ' • 

·. 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form. No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT lllOXVILLE, !'EBNESSIE PlU: NO. 100-SO. IICL 

RIPORT M4D&AT --IIY Tm..E 

&.:-::- ., . ' .. + 

.. m GBLABDBR lOLl SCHOOL In'ERHAL SBCOBI!t - 0- -

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: -· 

ue lbted in the ... itt& w-:! ad are ; 

reported .. being c-t.uc. i-.LL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

-. 

. •:EREI~~LASSIFIED · , 

DATE BYJ]o/fltrW~ 

REFERDCE: Report ot Special Apz~t····· horr1lle, Ol~cJ;<. fenneeaee, dated 6-l-41. 

- ... ~~ . 

c.:: ~ . = J; 

st. Petenbld'c. 

norida, ia liated in Atlut& tile 100-~67. b at tbe,pree•t 

time beiJlC illnat;1cated the ll1aa1 Pield He hu repna•W 

hblaelt u beiJlc hM4 ot and b tlleret~,r. = - be lined to be a ea.-Lia1~. . _ ·. ~ ~ · 

••11!1111•·~ located ill tba Atlmta Iau-1 BU1k ihd~spf.. ' · 

18 lbted ill Atlmta tile lOCl-ZSS ct1tled •Atluta Leap ot •-

Shoppers. • 1a reported aa a -b•r ot the Southam CoDtereDoe 

tor ~~ Welta.P8= Be :!.e 

COPau or nus ~UPCRT 

/..--.., 

r 6 )• Bureau -, .\ 

2 - honille. . \ 

2 • Atl&Pta 

, ~- ~ cr~s DEmonm 

I 
·" 

nerein- ia reported to uaoo1ate at U.U with 1dlo u . a Wll blOIIn C m1at, Of 1lbla IUl nteDaift 1nwatlpt101l hu bee ..... ·. 

1rJ tina ottiM. !a t:il@nto...,. np!'!!ed u a c.-...ht. · · · · 

.. 

- REFURED UPOJ COIIPLE'fiOI fO 1'BB OPFICB OP OJUGU -

•. 

~ 

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i 

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·~ I ~ ! ~ 

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• r-<--;-;.._' • •:;.. 

. ' ~-- ' . : __ . 

• 

\ . .; 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

-. ·,_· 

REFERENCE: 

DETAILSt 

..·.-

i ·..:.-

CO.I'{,~l't~~.in'ROYED 

!§)_Bureau ~~APR 24 1~1 

'i - K:1oxville ' · 

.2 - lJ.ilwaukee /l 5 

INTERNAL SECURITY :_ ft .. · 

Cheok of ind e_ea of Kilwa.ukee Field 

indicate well !mown · 

Socialist leade 

much disliked py 

Wisconsin. · · \ 

'. 

Report of Special Agent 

made at Knoxville, Tennessee 

' _ _______,_.., , .. 

--:;: 

Pursuant to the lead set out in reference _ · .. 

report for all offices receiving :· ';: 

of that .,, 

A review of the files of' the llilwaukee 

Field Office reveal nume~us reference. 

to which are set out as 

tollcws: · ~ - ·'·· .:• 

. RECORDED 

INDEXZD 
4-750 12-7-79l 

I 

( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XX XX 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated. explain this deletion. 

~~eleted under exemption(s) :c.J--"'-·--'? __ C_~;L-_..f'-"-~-1:...,...i).,f"---------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

~ lnfonnation per-wined only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title oniy. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies), -------------

------------------,was/were forwarded to th<•m for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

___________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

·For your infonnation: 

~he followi,!!.¥ number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

/, I ..- • 1 c; II - 4- 2. .A-, 1 

....... --.... x 

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X :X X XXX 

t!..t __ f_ _____ _!_:- I. f _ _[_f_£.,__JJ-~-tf--'=-'.' ----''""'====--------------------

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X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OOJ 
-·'; 

·.- .. 

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"c$;~ :¥:~f 

t~ ~~; __ ;$?>~ ~~f!;:~r:--·"' ~ -~ .. ,., 

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·:_:<_~· --- 1111. ., . 

lED_ERAL BUREAU OF -INVESTIGATION . --- .. 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

DETAILS: 

~:Sureau 

2-Knortllle 

DOXVILLJ: 

DATE WH&N MADII: 

9-18-41 

Report of Special ~ent 

dated June 1. 1941 .• _ ... _ 

2-:Sirmin&llem ·$ • 

~ DEi"l'ROYED 

~8APR 24 :~:il; 

FILE NO. 10()-64? JJ.. 

R!PORT Mofi.D& aY 

·.,.,_. 

lllTEBliJ..L ~CUBIH ~ C .·. 

lnorrille, Tennessee, 

·. 

\ 

. . -· 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

CB'/Oeleted under exemption(s) -""~-=-,:__,_? _ __,C=---j-'•_c:-t-___:-_-_?.___P""'------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

=1 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

:-1 lnfomation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

;_~ Oocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). ------------~ 

-----------------~ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

\._.\.'\.\.':. \_ 

XXX XXX 

Pdge(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

-----------------as the infomation originated with them. You will 

ach ised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

}--'agc(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

·Fur your infonnation: 

Th:f fo!lowiJ!¥ number is to be used for reference regard)ng these pages: 

r-l-- ·1~/ 1- 'ftf; f. :2 --0 

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X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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. !~/';'1 

.• I ..... -.,_ ! 

/···\~~ -<: :-:, 

. ~ 

.·~ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

wcr.m Jtfo. 1 ' . . ' . 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT KNOXVILLE' '1'ENH. 

BOSTON 1 )(ASS. 

. ·.- ':: 

NRIOD""' 

WHIQ(~ 

7-29-41 

(, HIGHlANDER FOLK SCHOOL . · ~~ 

ftll1"'F"~"~-~ ~Til'\"' C0 •t·lT~H .EIJ 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

' . 

/\1 \ 

I 

D~TAII.Sa 

t\ '" .. ..~h . .-at\ J&-\ . .) 'i J 

i'' .. . .... _,__, 

• 

1'he Institute !or Labor Studies 1a an "Wlincorporated scient~ 

research organisation a!t.'iliated rltb Smith College, llorthampton, 

Ka.as. in the publication o! Resear~ Studies ot Industri&l Uld 

Labor problems. Same o! the expense 1a paid through subscrl.ptiona to publications and some through private donations and· 

Smith College 1UDds.' No erldence of.' COIIIIIIUDistic news e:xpressed 

therein. 

. . .... ' ., .. ·:. RIJC . . . - . . !":'. . . · auv ..fi Q ~ \ 

Report ot Special Agent ......... dated 4-lo-U,~.,l.u. r,...__, 

... I .• OIUIIIUIIT PIIIIIIQ ln'ICl : 

·. ·' 
' . • ~-+- -- . 

.·_-·. .-. ' 

~--~--... -. -- ,.., :;- >;r ' • ~-. 

~~~~ 

~: .. 

-~'- . • j:t 

:.:.jj"'-· ...c 

~--. . .:' 

t.-

t" 

~<~':f.·~---~~ C.l_;~ ., 

'--{ 

" -

t ·tv: \, -·~-

Vol. :U 3-h 

Vol. :U l-h 

_,,. ,. ,. - '> • ~·;:.- ·~ ~ •, •• ...•.. -··-

5394 

Smith College studies in Histo:q 

Field Work b;v llabel C , .. ~ _ . Directed b;v Katherine~· ee Lumpkin, PH. D. 

Title •Shut d011I18 in Connecticut ValleT' 

Smith College Studies in Hiato17 : · ·· ·; 

Title •Econaaic Histor;v of a Factor;v TOliii.• 

A stucl,y_ ~~copee, llaaa •. . _ . B;v Verilf\Shl__!_!nna" · · · • <' · ··· ·. 

-- .. '. 

Vol. xxll-4 •A QlroDicle of Industey or the l4ill River" 

. B;v Agnes~ · 

Vol. IXIIU 1-4 •The Rise of laUrQII.ds in tbe Connecticut 

Vall117.• 

. _ B;v Thelma H~stler 

_, ,'···- •, ·• ' -2..: . . 
,·_.-_. ... 

' 

• 

..... 

,r, ,_· 

__ ... 

. :. .- · .. '-· . 

'. -· 

5395 ',i.. 

- st.ated tbat he had read the last of t.hese pllblica- .. tions and found it to be quite interesting as • llto17 or tbe 

building of iaUroadll throughout the Connecticut Vallq. .b 

subscription price for the Smith College Studies ill $2.00 an-· .·· .. , 

nuall:y which does not cover the actual cost or the publicatioDa · ·: · · 

but defrays a part of the~·· ·:. < .. ;'\;•, <;'>·-.,;,..· .•. '~ 

--st.ated tbat he -• posithe that nothing ol a (!cwem1.- • 

tic nature would be found in au;y of' the publlcatione J;la.t out u 

a part of tbe Smith College Studiea. , .- .. · .. 

. ' 

·. ~. 

' : 

. . ' ~-- .. ., : ·; ;:.~ .-•i' 

·: t_ ' . . -' . . .:.;j"":'- ~-f...,; . 

; .. 

REFmRED UPON CCBIPLETIOI 

TO OFFICE CF ORIGDI 

. ~- . 

. ,.,- ~;. 

~ - ...... : ... ' 

... 

.~- •.. --'-'!'-' '"-' 

i 

_..... . .. i· .... --~-~ . 

·'.,-. 

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. ·-··· ........ 
;: - . .. : 

. ,_.;.:. .. ~-- ~ -i 

1 

... ,. '!J ~ --r:~- '" ''~. ~ ~." , 

·. : ~r~rral Burrau of l~urdigation,'; ~ J ;'" Jlnitl'lllt_~atrs_~_rpal"tmrnt of Jus~irf''';t -i l \ . 

.".'" 

:.·. , 4 ._ ...... ! 

Knoxvj_lle, Tennessee / \ •:-· >: ho •.. _ ~-, i ' 

October 4, 1941" ·. :;:: ~:""' -::· ::: 

•

0 / Perso and · Director - e J\f!". (" f".?y. ··-- ··-·-· 

Federal Bureau of Investigation / Mr. f .. nl<.·~ ·-------· 

.iash~ton, D. c. '" . 

Dear Sir: 

RE: OHIGHLA.NDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Internal Security - C 

school session for 

Tennessee ended 

l'lr. Qu'noTamm .... 

Mr. Nea·e·-----~----· 

Miliii Candy .......••. 

1.1':! ........ 
'-' .. 

·,·_, _, ... 

-.. , 

·. ' -

. ~-... ·. ·. ·, 

..·; 

• 

affili~ted with the school voted for the Co~st candidates in the 1936 

election. This office is, therefore, extremely desirous that the activities 

of k'YL3S HORTON and the other mel:lbers of the P.ighlander Folk School in conducting the school at llemphis be carefully checked at Memphis. 

For the assistance of the Memphis Office, MYLES HORTON drives 

a 194l Chevrolet 4-door sedan, 194l New York license number Tlf7463· His 

description is as follows: 

-2-

.-·.-. 
_·. ··: -. ',.' "': 

.·_-·. 

,, 

'~.· 

~js 

2 CC - Memphis 

Birmingham 

Detroit 

New Orleans 

NAJ.!E 

Age 

Height 

Weight 

Eyes 

Hair 

Complexion 

Race 

Sex 

Peculiarities 

Education 

Employment 

Marital status 

-3-

l!YLES FOLK HORTON 

Born July 9, 1905 at Savannah, 

Tennessee 

5'11" 

165 lbs. 

Blue 

Brown 

Light 

White 

Yale 

Poor eyesight, wears glasses 

Attended Union Theological 

Seminary 1 yr., Univ. of Chicago 

1 Y:r• and Cumberland Univ. 4 yrs. 

Lists himself as \lorkers Education teacher 

Married. Wife is ZJLPHIA HORTON 

Very truly yours, 

W. A. llURPHY 

Special Agent in Charge 

' 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ___.d:-:_,_-,_i _ _,7_p.-!!::. _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 lnfmmatwn pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). ____________ _ 

-------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page<s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(iesl; 

__________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

Le d,:,isd vf a\ailab,lity upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pageis) wit.hheld for the following reason(s): 

---------------------------------------------------------------

:J ·For your information: 

~hll following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

~~ 1- '7 ~~ j-tl r] ~_:---~-~ , r --1'-f------------------------------

. '-- \ 

:u . \XX 

'XXX XXX 

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6934 

FEDERAL. BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

For:m.~o.t 

THISCASEORIGINATEDAT KNOXVILLE, TE:l'NESSEE 

RD'OI'tT MADII AT 

Rl'CHio!OND VIRGINIA 

TITLE 

(, 

'HIC&ANDER POU: ICKOC£ 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTa: 

',/ 

I<:: At'fl .24. ~; 

PCitiOD POIIl 

WHICHMADI: 

-PP'ILE NO. 61-60 

MERNAL SECURITY - C 

I \ : 

' [ 

------

···~~~~~~~~~~ 

ehmond 

.. ·': :-
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( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

x.xxxxx 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

mdicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) A ?C • _f.- ~p mati'nal available for release to you. ;J 

with no segregable 

_ _j 

lnhmation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

DocumenHsl originating with the following government agency(iesl. ~~~~~~~~~~~~­

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

F\~,gd~! referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); -~~~~~~~~­

as the information originated with them. You will 

·''""·•·d uf availability upon return of the material to the FBL 

fl>t;~c\:---1 withheld for the following reason(s): 

: 1, 1 our infonnation: 

_/ ' 

L•__ ltw following number is to used for reference regarding these pages: 

f_: --•7 -~_LJ__--__ _L~L_r----1~~-~~~----~~~-------------------------------

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FBI/DOJ 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion . 

~Deleted under exemption(s) ..f? j)l --"--'-..L-=--------------~ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agenc-y(ies) • -------------

----------------,was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

______________ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

he "dvtsed of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

'For your infonnation: 

~The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: b 1 .... n ~ 1 1 = 11 ~ 

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J!rllrralllurrau of lnuratigafiort 

11tnitrll jJtah'a llrpartmrnt of Justin 

Knoxville. Tenneasee 

::~:::-;.-;-~~--,~ 

Mr. Cloegsr ...••.. 

M;.:.. C;---.-:.n..... r 

M··, l.Pd:L .. ~ 

- October' 12, 1941 M~. 'Tu.t'y 

Peri!Oni.Y uldl !.1~. l::"Jo· ""' ·-·- ----

AiriBil 

Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washingt.c:m; ~ Ce 

Dear Sir: 

OHIGHLA.NDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C :f"Wt ~ 

#"c.- .. :-c.~.: 

01 

0 

Cl) Special Agent of this office has been conducting investigation in the above entitled matter at Monteagle, 

Tennessee, during the past month. He has been making intensive 

inquiry ~ the ~ediate vicinity of this school, from October 5, 

1941, to OctQber 11, 1941. Hie principal endeavor has been to 

interview those persons who have either attended the Hi.ghl.ander 

Folk School, in an effort to secure information from them concerr~-~ ~~e doctriJJes iUJd p~~lciples advanced at this Listitution, 

or persons in the locality who have either visited the premises or 

teen informed by enrollees concerning any Communistic or subversive 

ac~ivities thereat. 

No direct interviews were conducted by Agent with 

:-.. 

~•Y officials or faculty members of the institution. It is contemplated that such interviews will be conducted upon the completion 

of the preliminary inquiries in this matter. .A '1~ 

... .. -

On Friday, October 10, 1941, Agent -s conducting 

investigation to ascertain the validity of a Young Communist League 

membership book, NUmber R 305, now in the possession of this office. 

• j identified the card as being one of 

I 

~ 

-

·-._, 

= 

three which she had previously seen in her house, the other two /J _ being issued to her son~ ... and when ...(:) r7c, 

interviewed by Agent....._ denied affiliation and spoke 

favorably concerning the personnel of the Highlander Folk School. 

persisted that her tson had been affiliated 

... ;_~;. the YCL and so steted in his presence. · The latter then left 

the home as Agent ~onducted his interview "'1th the moth::,e::,:r:...:•:__ ___ .._ 

~.t'~.s DEI>TR nEcLAssrFrED BY sex ~ro.nnEn,l I_ 7 6/ 1- ~'7--:.• _ DYED-.. "'/_.,_"J"""'I ~ · 

n APR •• 1961~ ~T ,;,.=:.,.{, · • ''"'~::· ; ~· ;w''/ 

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jiiiiiiiiiiiiii subsequent..ly returnea t.o the house and informed .&gent 

a note had been left for him by a member of the faculty of 

the Hiehlander Folk School. 

Agent upon entering hi.s car, observed the note on 

the seat of his car stating, "We have been hearing quite a bit of 

your interest in the Highlander Folk School. llhy don't you pay us 

a visit and get your dope first hand. Came about 6t0()/and you'll 

get a good supper. Resp. yours, for Highlander, Leort\Wilson." 

The original of this note is being retained in the Knoxville file. · 

Agent- did not acknowledge receipt of this note, nor 

did he communicate in any way with the Highlander Folk School. 

Upon returning to his hotel room, at 10:30 p.m., the same 

evening, Agent had delivered to him in hi.s room. at the llonteagle Hotel, by a hotel employee, a letter on Highlander Folk Schoo~ 

stationery, stating as follows: 

"Kncm:Lng how DDlch time you have spent talking us over with 

our neighbors, we are, frankly, disappointed that you haven't been 

to look at us first band. 

"Some very good friends of the school ere members of your 

organization, and to date our relations with the F.B.I. have been 

of the pleasantest. 

"Quo cook was disappointed you were unable to accept rq 

hasty invitation to supper and she insists that I deliver the 

accompanying slice of home-baked applesauce cake. Cordially yours, 

for HIGHlANDER FOIJ( SCHOOL, Leon Wilson." 

This communication was not ac~owledg/d by Agent ••• 

On October ll, 1941, at about ltOO "»/m., Agent upon 

returning to the Hotel .lfonteagle, found MJT~jYHRTON, Director, and 

LEON VIIISON1 Librarian of the Highlander Fo.uc School, waiting for 

himo Mr. HCRTON made inquiry concerning the purpose and the result 

of the Bureau's investigation, but was informed that Agent-

-2-

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"had no comment to make"• llro HORTON then alleged that he had been 

informed by Jlrs. ELEANOR ROOOEVELT, •The FBI had investigated the 

Highlander Folk School, and had siven it a clean slate.• 

llr. HCRTON alleged that the records o£ the school had 

been mde available two years ago to a Government representative 

whom he believed to be a Bureau agent Il&lll6d The file o£ 

this office fails to reflect that any such examination of the records 

oi tha~ institution has ever been made by a Bureau representative. 

JliLES HORTON indicated to Agent - he contempls.ted diecuesing the situation with the writer at Knoxville. llr. HORTON bas 

not coiJIIliUilicated with the writer. In the event he does communicate 

with this office, he will be advised that the writer has no oolllllSnt 

whatever to make with respect to any matter under investigation. 

If, however, he should desire, in writing, to make the records of 

this school available to this office, such an offer would be accepted, 

if an occasion arose 'llhere such an examination would be considered 

desirable. 

Special Agent _.is preparing an extensive report 

revealing the result of investigation conducted in this matter, which 

will be submitted in the immediate future. 

WA!l:MW 

61-12 

Very truly ;yours, 

11'. A.. Joii.JRPHY 

Speciai Agent in Charge 
Director 

Federal Bureau o! Investigation 

Washington, D. c. 

RE: OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERHAL SECORI'l'l - C 

Dear Sirl 

-

·2~%! :-~ : . .:.; . ·.,t 

·;~ ;:-,':. :· _. _--~: 

P.LL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI¥ U~A~S!FIED~ DATE '> BY._.&..__.6j~-~~ r!J~.j 

WJJ:./ja,. 

61-12' 

Veey truly ;roura, 

W. A. 1lURPHY 

Special Agent 1n Charge 

. . 

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(}HIGHLANDER l'OU SCHOOL - ' 

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IIYNOPIIJS 01" I"ACUI 

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DETAILS I 

j--,_N'~OV£0 AND 

I __ ':'O"W'AitDED: 

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S- BUREAU 

2 - ICNOIVILL!£ 

-8 

Report ot Special Agent 

Tenn. dated 6/l/41• . . ' 

· .. ·.~ 

·. <-"'· 

repo to the office 

a .umber or 1ympathizer ot the CoDmunilt 

Part.7.o This information •• receiYed !roa the Dallal 

Field Dineion and .... fumiehed to thea bJ their 

Confidential Intozmant " 

.·- ·-..·, )1 ·. .... 

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~f.IBS DEi'PROYED 

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........ 
4-750 (2-7-74) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(si withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

/ .1:-7C- [3"" Deleted under exemption(s) ____:____:-c__-'-~::_~~~~~-~------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

;:::-1 lnfnrmAtion pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

,_j lntonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

l _j Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies), -----~----~-­

-------~---------- , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

~'<i~<('(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

----------------as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

.j· , • ··~ d ,Jf availability upon return of the material to the FBL 

i'agt.·I~J withheld for the following reason(s): 

r: (;~ \our infonnation: 

---/ 

.__.___ 't"h;· following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

·- , ~ 7 ~_IL- s;;.) ? . ;2..--

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OO.J 
4-750 <2-7-791 

3 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~-~~"---r"-J~P.-1 ____________ ~ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). ~-----------­

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

0 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(iesl; 

as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

For your infonnation: 

[)(' T~ hl-'""""""' r7 5// "'"""' -;, b '' re 3 ,.,d · '71"' _J; re~ol;"' ili'"' •·~·· 7 

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SYNOPSIS OF FAC"n5: !l'aaea of person• wi thia thh .thld 

d1 vision oheclted agai.Da t Ul.e :tile• 

~reveal Kr. 1111.d Kr•• 

~were reported to 

thia offioe as il!.dividuala with 

poasible radioal tlll!.denciea. Contact 

made with oonfidential il!.tonaanta 81!.d 

aourc81 of il!.formation anilabh iD 

San Francisco Ot'i'ice 1111. th negati..,. 

result•• .:• 

) 

·' 

,_.--- ·. 

·~ ~ .. ::: • he- :-;. ~ 

REFERENCEa , Report of Special Agent 

at Knoxville, Tennoaaoo. 

' r· dated 6-l-4,1. r:; ..... 1:.:::;. 

L~TAIIBt 

'I -=-.....-· 

·'\.,"' ' .~ j ,. ,.---. C""'."' 

AT SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFOR!I'II. ';. V' 

-~ ' --~. -<i· ~e nam81 of persona wi Ul.1n the·· San Franoiloo Fieid 

Division ware oheclcad againat the f'ilaa of thi; otf'ioe tor =7 

Communistic or subversive actiVities on the part of auoh per•ons • 

It was revealed that ill. Sm Franoi8oo .tile 100-o-1088, VolUIIIo 7, 

llr • and Kra • 

had been reported to this office aa il!.dividuale with poaaiblo 

radical tondenci••• 

Confidential Il1tonaante 81!.d IOUZ'oea ot il!.to:naatiou 

available to this oftioe wore contacted tor the purpose of obtain!B& 

intormation relative to tho aotivitioa of any of Ule ptriDZll lilted 

tor thil ottioe in reter4111Co report. Jio further il!.tormatiou 11a1 

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obtained and aooordingly th11 

to the office ot origla. 

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ca1e r~ferred upon completion 

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• REFERRED UPO!l COMPIE'l'IO!l !0 '1'BE OFFICE OF <II.IGI!l • 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF IN .. .----~~·:(~~~No.1 

I 

CASE ORIGINATED AT 

nn.t: 

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SYNOJ.as.IS OF FACTS: 

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l!"'l-·. :aeport ot U 6-1-41 · .... :Report ot U !enneaaee B-17-41 -" S'. 

Letter t!'Oifl lion dated '1'-23-40, entUled . mER.AL IJTELLIGENCE MATTDs, O!P.B:IS JIIIJ) DIVISIOW, . 

SUJlVXRSIVl: ACT IVI!'US. , · .. ,_, ·,_..;: 

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•ashT1lle, !eDll881ee and after n ha4 eel'Yed lh. pQrpOie ana h. . had read 1\ through, he had re\urned U to the htadquarten. .. . 

etahd that at a later 4ate, of the .American Lecloll 

had written hill and eta\ed that he had checked 1t out aca1n and 

he would lllte it returned; howJVer, Adrleed that he had 

had that report onl7 on one occalion and that lt had been ret\U'De4 

.. ·._ .. 

to •alhville; tloat he had wanted the report to ehow ••••••• .. a DR. LILLUN ..romrSOIIT, who le one ot the epouore of the li1ghlan4er 

Jolk lchool, 

adTiled that DR. .romrso:r had tol'llerl,r · 

owned the land Oil which the Jli&hlander lolk School 11 now dtuated; 

~hat •lie li8.4 her hOii& Gii \hat propa:rty and 'hat aha ha<1 become 1ntanat;4 

in the idea through auociaUon with MILES KOli!Oif: that the had fol'llerl,r 

been a proteeeor at Oberlin College ln Ohio and had a reputation of 

beiJ~« Te1'7 eocial11Ucal.J.7 minded, did not bow how !lOll'rOif had 

met her but etated he had lmprened DR, JOBJiSOliT Te1'7 favorab]¥; that 

DR. Jom;so:l h ill JIO way aeaoe1ated v1th the Co:nmuniet part7 u far ae 

he know a; that her ideas 4o llOt loan d1recU7 toward CoiJIIIIUII.ilm bv.t 

more toward Bocial.i• bv.t llhe 1e ve1'7 6utereeted in edue&t1114!: the S.porant, Ke eta ted that llhe hat beeJI completeJ.T deceived 'b7 BOB!rOlll. ; .. :· .... ,.._. 

···~·~adTiled that he had done everyth1DC possible to discourage DR, JOHNSON ill the J:ighlander lollt School 

and that was the reaeoll for hit obh!lliDC the .American Legioll repOrt, 

!le etated that he ha4 llhown her that report and had re&d her pertinent . 

parte of it, but she was etill verT such interested in the echool '. · • 

and had complete confidence in BOR!Olll, 

... aleo etated that the reporh which the .America 

Legion had, contained the e1111e illformation that ha4 been set out ill 

seven article• written for a laahrllle, !ennessee pLpor • 

.&. review ot the file in th111 caee reflects that inter- · 

eated offices have copiee of thoee articlee, .&. review aleo reflected . 

that reference letter dated Jl:ll,T 23, 1940 contains a rel<lllt ot an interYiew with in Athena, ~enneuee which had 

reW-nled over \he 4ata he had to and that 

h present]¥ located in Jlecphie, !enne11ee. 

~=~~=-~ wae then contacted at hie office located 

14 :le advhed that report contain!~ into:ru.-

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time when 

·-~~left that office and be undertook its obligatiollllo He ·: ~. ·. stated he believed the information was tlll'ned over to the Governor · · ' ~· 

of Tennessee; that if that information were not in the files of .• • 

the American Legion of Nashville, biB only guess was it had been 

tlll'ned over to the Governor and that the Governor had never returned ito ... , 

He suggested contactiDg as he would probably remember the information. A lead is. being set out .for the. 

Knoxri.lle Office to consider recontactillg · 1. 

also advised that he understood m. . •. 

I.TIJUN JCi!NSON, a sponsor of the Highlander Folk School of Kenteagle, had retlll'ned to that. :institution after having severed her 

connections for a short time approximately two ;years ago. He advised that he did not believe she was CoJDIIIUilietically inclined, 

but was a woman who had been completely deceived by MILES HORTON 

and other directors of that school.. . .. :< _ 

en October 10, 1941 the llemphis Field Division was 

advised by letter frCIIII the Knoxville Field Division as f'ollows: 

. •en September 241 1941 the Kn~lle Field Divtsion · 

was adVised by telephone by the Birmi.ngham office that JOSEPH KELLY 

STOCliTON, of Allardt, Tennessee, had been reported as one of the 

founders of the Highlander Folk School and that his wife was an 

avowed Communist •. It was further alleged that the STOCKTON'S daughter, first name unknown, was recently graduated f'rom the National' 

Law School at WashiDgton, D. c., lt'as admitted to the D!.strict Bar., 

and is now lt'orking for some Government agency in Washington. 

Since Allardt is llithin the territo:ey covsrSd by the 

Memphis office and there ia a possibility that the daughter may be· 

l.llVolved in a violation of the Hatch Act• it is suggested that in- , 

quiry be conducted at Allardt in this regard. Consideration lrill' 

be given to KR. STOCliTON15 affiliation with the Highl2D.der ll'olk · · 

School durillg the course of investigation in connection llith the 

latter institution.• , 

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- . In reference to the above letter it should be noted 

that in report Special .Agent(A) at :Memphis, Tenn.o __ 

essee, dated 171 19411 a copy of the chart of the ·-

Highlander School issueil,_by Secretary St'ate of 

Te~:~:~e ~~~~~~~-~!·:·:~~- ~PrON and ~ does not .·· .. 

elude the name JOSEP"ti reported in the fore• 

going letter as one or the or the school. 

.··· 

PEND! JIG 

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and obtainiDC f'r0111 lill him the oonlic!er iDf'ormaUon recontact which in~; wae 

···~··•lit contained ln tlw 

report he had aade to the blerican Lepon relaUJIC to the J:i&f'Janc!.er 

J'ollt School, Jlonteagle1 !renneaeee. 

~ MIMPHIS JIILD DIVISION . . A! !IASHVILLI, !rENNISSD •.. 

Will contact the Governor of' the State of' !enneeeee 

an4 eee whether he recall• the Jmericanisation Committee of' the Jmerioan 

Legion f'or the State of !renneaeee having tamed over to h1a a file relative to Conmunietic jctivitiea of' the Highlander lolk Sehool.of' 

Monteagle, Tenneaeee. Will obtain ~ pertinent iDf'ormation in the e-

•eut Lhe file 1e located. 

. - ~ 

_.,; ~·' _ .. _:;·. ·.,. 

Will determine the ident1t7 and act1v1t1ee and 

general reputation of JOSEPH ltlllLI&r S'roC!:TOli reported in the above " 

letter aa one of the founders of' the Highlander lolk School. .,. .. ·, 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. 

• 

Form. No.1 

THISCASEORIGINATEDAT DQifli,.[,.I, ~- II FILE No.1()()..9450 IILD 

REPOftT MAD£ AT 

TITLE 

1 

I 

f-APf>RO'II!:tl "'NO 

I"CR~AftOIED' 

JlJ 

CHAJtACTP C6 ~. 

IJrnatiption conducted nlaUn t.e 

per1ona lendinC hnd8 W HIOHUIIJlliB 

J'QLl SCHOOl. bat DO 1ntonatSAm et 

CO"mPmilt act.iviti11 dneloP-4 n1a- , · u ... w ~ . . . _._ 

laiC 

'l,• 

Repori or lplci&l Agent _ 

dated April 10, 1941· 

Report or Special Agent 

dated .haDe 4, 1941~ 

Report ot Special J.&ent · 

_datld ohm• 1, 1941~ 

Inoxv11le. !caD. a_ 

·, .. York c~v, ~?t,., 

Inoxrlll•, t.im.j'- _.: -· 

A DWIIber ·or l.eada were 8et out in~ reportl or rercuce 

1n the RtiW York J'iald Dirleioa w d.etemi.ne the backgroulld ot 

1nd1rldual1 and erpnis•tiol'll wh1oh oont.riblltacl tmx11 to \he -~ 

BIGHLAND:Flt FOLI SCHoo~ . 

Reterence W&l uda W the teape or 1aer1can Wr1tera and 

1nqu1rJ ll!lde · aa to who;ther thil orpnisation could be coneldere4 

Coauunht.io. 11111 ot the In York l'iel4 D1vilioo oantaiD a OOD11derable amount ot information relative to the r..&gue or America 

:WrUen an4 intormation 5nc!1cat1nc that certain 1n41vidnal. •e=wn 

or the teaa;ue ha-n ColnP!!ln' •tic tendenaills b Lea£U• or herican 

liritlrl 11 cl.N11t1ed U a CQnmunil\ front Or&anisatiODi! lt 11 

IIOt. cleeull adnJ!abl.e a\ t.hil point to '"t nt a 1~ 1t&te.ell.\ 

ot the .-ber1h1p e1d actirlt1M or thil Leaplf It is hl.t \hat . . . . . . . .. . .. . '. 

COPIES Of" Ti·US RPOitT 

0 . DO NOT WROTE IN THU_!. ... ACOS 

:1L INFORMATION CONTAINED ,, 

HEREIN I~ U~LASSIFIEO 

i DAT~ dm nr<1 av S~ ~ 

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lCl0-9450 - '.,. 

.-·-_ ... ' ' ..; --· •· 

the report of reference mereq desired into%111Btion aa tO : :, ~'·'·> · ·. · "' ' : 

possible Communistic tendencies or the organiza ti911- · .. , ~; .. ' . 

was ~ contr~~e~G== . • ; . ,. 

. . "-..... 

"·4 ·.:/ -.: ~. ·_..,. ; . ~ . -

Credit Bureau of Greater New York, disclosed that 

...... ~is a member the are identified .. . . •. 

with the is a woman or · · •· 

means and She -.in- ' ' . 

tains her residence at and at the ••• 

••••• New York Ci in the report of 

reference of indicates that has participated 

in student strike movements and 1n student union activities, indi.-

cating her radical tendencies. ·:,, : . . · · · J. ·• · · 

~WL lllliltthis 

sided over by 

City. Records of Credit J:m'eau of Greater New York, Incorporated, 

393 Seventh Avenue, failed to ~ information concerning this 

Foundation or its background 

cone erning GEORGE lo!ARSWL. 

also had no information cOJlce•i'f!'l:! 

lWlSHALL~ 

'·' 

-2-

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such similar address. There is n~ such street ae Brighton Stre~t.~,;~. ; . • -

The writer checked Brighton Filrst. Street, Brighton Second Street., ~-.·. -~- . 

and several others bllt no such number as - was found. · lo · · ·.. <' ·. 

i'urther efforts are being made to develop-- present residellc~·· .... · . 

The. record.!! o! the Credit llnrerm or Greater. In York, . In•=oz't>O:ra1~ed contain the name of one 

apparent that not who is connected 

111 th the Religion and Labor is allegedly located '' ·. 

at .351 West l22nd Street, NII'IJ York City. Observation at .351 West 

l22nd Street developed that it is a 2-story dwelling located in the 

heart of the colored section of New York City. · Jfo nsme appears ill1 

the door and it was not deemed advisable to make inquiries in that : 

neighborhood concerning-.or the Religion and Labor Foundation.. 

It is apparent that if this -iii the correct address of the Foundation, · 

that it is not a very large organization. The New York fUes and the 

records of the Credit Bureau of Greater New York, Incorporated, .373 ·. ~ 

Seventh Avenue, were examined but no ve 

Labor Foundation • 

also had no information ~.- .. •' _.,. •"'-' .;:;. ·:- -_.,,,.-_." '-; .... -.. I , . .- . · .., ~- _;Y-. ~--- ,-.- .. 

Th~operative Distributors, Inc~rporated, located at 

.30 Irving Place, ~ew York City, is an organization with the aim and 

purpose of Enishing consume.rs with informa+Jon !!,bout goOds they ·. ·. blly. · E2JIL J_., is, President, Clinton s. ~IDEN is Vice President 

ani JID<B~O is Secretacy and Treasurer. LEVER is considered the 

guiding hand"\r the organization and has been mentioned as the · -

Superintendent of Brockwood College at Katonah, New York; Director· . · 

of the Philadelphis College of Labor; and Vice Pres_ident and Assistant. 

Treasurer of Consumers Research, Incorporated, W~J:iington, New Jersey. 

)'he Directors ot :W_his organization ir)clude JUS. ~-. E.RT_, ~HARRY A. . _. .. 

~LEF.~JOSEPH A.~CHm, COLSTON .~'\lv~ POI'~-and · 'Jmoh ,' OUNT. Ei:ltRT is editor ?~thographers .J~rnal"• · LKFKiiR , · .. 

· is a c •• A., KUCHER is Sales Manager of Kelvinator Sales COIIIp&D7, :;, .itt · 

and HAPGOOD 1B a well-Jmown educ!}tor. The Advisory Board .J>f this .. 

\.organization consists of ~0~~; Yale Div~t School; ROGER·. · ~~ American CivU Uberti t)uon; ~ L. HAPPEL, · · · ~ · ~. · 

Methodist Federation of ~ocial Seryice; JOHN~·~• olumbia Uni~ersity; 

_., ·~ ·- : ' - . . .. . . .., _, . 

. -3- .. · .·;·· ,_ . . ' -~ .. 

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100-9450 

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(MAR:;~, -Leag)l~ for Industrial ~racy; 111TTTmr~, ~ .. ·· 

.,..1"\,~:~j 'IO'DA~TUC:.rt'li"_ln T7'U , I nn ... "rr'D.,.a":~v.;.~wlr. . . . : ,~ .. ," . 

. r . - m:;rnvE~mf,~J~~--~hill v~·-·' e -£Aolo~~~ ;;;~ Vml~ElfcHOmJm,- 'r ••. ' 

wellesle:T '~allege; P • .1. and B_ WARING, Solebury Farmers . 

Club of Solebury, pa;--This organiz ion maintains no financial 

statements and is allegedly a non-profit organisation. Its.~· ,": ., pose is to test products on the market for the protection ot · · 

consumers and to bring to the consumers materials of quality· 

regardless of their advertising. The organization publishes a . 

~=~~~~t~:dr:~~~;rr~;;;:~~:·~~=~~~ thie. concern, was fonnerly a buyer for R. H. Jlacy Company, located at 

Broadway and 34th Street. She is presently,located in )lew 

Orleans, Louisiana. .· ___ "' .... :" ......... _ 

l'ne 241 JSast <l<llld. :>t.reet corporation, 'With offices at r 

31 Union Square West, is a real estate company serving as agents . 1 

for several large apar~t and o~fi l}uildings in N~ork Cit7J.....; 

Its officers are WILLIA1\-~, C and ALBERT • i' · Thev are all men of considerable means a the 21.1 Eil..st nd ·. ·, .. -- - ------- -~- ------ ----- ---- ---- --- ------ Street Corporation is considered to be a reputable organization. 

' It .is apparent 1'rom 1the infol'lliation above set out '"' 

that among the contributors to the HIGHIAND:E FOLK SCHOOL are 

many iarge and reputabie New l'ork organizations ji.Ild several 

reputable people residing in the New York vicinity. No information of Communist activities on the part o~these individuals bas 

been determined except as hereinbefore~ out. It is not deemed 

practical to institute extensive investigations relative to each 

of these people and relative to each organization at the present 

time merely because of their contributions to the HIGHLAND:E FOLK: 

SCHOOL. It is felt that if any further investigation relative to 

these individuals $nd organizations is desired qy the office of 

origm, the New_ iork Field Division 'rill be so advised. 

'· 

In the absence of such :!instructions from the Knoxville 

Field Divisic;m, this case iB being , .,{· _ . .~·.~ . :. 

• '----~- . ' 

·, ... ) ·, BEFmUiED UPON COMPLETION 1'0 THE OFFICE . . OF CEIGIN . 

... ~ - ... 

-4-
4-750 (2-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

/dicated, explain this deletion. ~ 

r:rl Deleted under exemption(s) J ? P'-~~~~~~~~~~~~- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

:::-J lnf(mnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

C Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

[j Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) . ~~~~~~~~~~-~-

, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagc(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

--~~--- as the information originated with them. You will 

~,, advised of availability upon retum of Uw matprial to the FBI. 

Pagp(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

'F'or your information: 

,. IT-'1" 

LLJ ThJ following num7"r is to he used for referen~arding these pages: 

~--1_- 'J 5 J I - !::>'/ J f, ..5 

. -, __ \\, 

\\\\,\\. 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBIIDOJ 
. ,-_; 

·'. 

"';~-~~~:-~-'\-· .- -.:~ 

-- --~ 

i· 

.. -· . . ' .. '::~-· _ .. ;._ -_-

-- ---·- ~-: . -": < __ ,. 

Director 

(, 

•eileral Bureau of lmte•flgathm 

ltntbil itab•ltepartment of J~tke 

Knoxville, !'ennessee 

October 1, 1941 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C • 

Dear Sira 

.... ::!. bolmloal Iabor&t..,. 

Res~~ FOUl SCHOOL 

Internal Securit:y - C 

Transmitted herewith are three paclas of 

expoBed •process" fila. 

It is requested that these be developed and the 

negative and three prints of each exposure be rst.UI'IIIId 

to the Knoxville Field D:l:riaion. 

Ver;r t.ru:cy- ;rom-a' 

~~~-~ ......... ... • .1. :uiJRPHr 

Special Agent in '-'ll&rft 

. ·-~ lr·lFORMATICN CONTAINED 

~:··::ri 1~ u~'lCLASS!FIED 

_ .:.-:~ dfnfo¥ BY fi'p~ ~ ? 

\' 

l J- Sl/- ,_,-_g 

EOWLBUREAu Of tNYESTlGA 

4 8CT 4 \941 t . 

f u.S. O£P~Tit£KT Of 
' . ; . . ' ·. •j. '. .'.· 

. . . . ... · .. " . ·. -.... ~~-~-~---~~~-:-~-·.:. '-~·-.>" .·, (,_ ·_. ~ .: 

' - • ~ ' - . . . . '--' • -~' :< 

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. -.. 

·. . ··· .. ; 

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.. ,---

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---

' 

' 

. Ootober 9, 1941 

·.J 

.. 

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_, 

I 

.. 

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I 

.... ~ c ' 

1-. _· 

.. . - -

/.- . 

. : .. 

~ .. : : . .. 

Special Agent 1n Cbarp 

ltnoxrllla. twnne••• 

~ ,. . . ; 

Re!et"eDCe 1a -.de to ,_ letter- to tbe Bca w 

dated October 1, 1941. with which )"011 tnmsz:d.tted three 

t1lm pacb lllllde 1n cOtllleCU<m with tbe aboft capt1.caed 

case. 

Upon &rvelo;uent, 1t was tOUB! that theae tn. 

were UDdenapo.sed which -.. poaa1bq due to the tact \bat 

these exposures """ mode on Process t1lma and giwn tbe 

same expowre ~ that llhould be gban Super XI .tUa. · . .. It 111 auuested that these photosraphll be r.-

taken U possible. 

. l 

COMMUNICATIONS SECTioN ' ·. . . •-, I. 

MAILED I I * OCT 9 1941 ' * I 

I 

PM. I 

~ ..._ "'ftOillAl OLiRl-'U Of IH'w'E.STiiJ"-liOt-. i _ I' S. OEPARTJIIIENT Of JU~ 

~ 

,. 

-. --~--· _,_ ...... , ... 

. _.,_., 

. ' 

r 

l 

1 

, 

. ' 

. 

j 

'• • 
4-750 (2-7 -79l ,.· ... 

( 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemptionis) ~ 7 F _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Infonnation pertained only tc a third part)' with no reference tc you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only tc a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) • -------------

---- , was/were forwarded tc them for direct response tc you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation tc the following government agency(ies); 

____ _ __ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon rv2turn of the material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reasonls): 

-----------

-------------· 

0 'For your information: 

~"t/''::] S''li ;':.-'Sif" Co, "_fe_r_e_n_c_e_r_e_ga_r_d_in_g_th_e_s_e_p_a_g_e_•_= ___________ _ 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE~ X FOR THIS PAGE-- X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/DOJ 
4-7Ci0 !2-7-79) 

_ _j_ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thP file. One or more of the following statements, where 

/heated, explain this deletion. 

c{ Deleted under exemption(s) ___L.__ 7_2_ ___________ with no segregable 

material available for releasC' to you. 

lofnrmation pertained only tD a third party with no reference tD you or the subject of your request. 

[J Information pertained only tD a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

[] Document(s) originating with the following govemment agency(ies) . -------------

, was/were forwarded tD them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following govemment agency(ies); ----------

" __________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

tlt· advised of availability upon relum of thl' material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following rc•asonl,): 

:=-J 'F'or your infonnation: 

[~(/T~ followi_!!f n.l!Jllbe/ is tD)'e used for reference regarding these pages: ( ,_ L51 -~o ' " "-"-" ------------

\..\_J.. \ \_\ 

XXX\XA 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/DOJ 
4-750 12-7-79) 

J 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated. exolain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~leted under exemption(s) -~-_2_t.,-.._ ___________ with no segregable 

material available for release to vou. 

D Infonr.ation pertained only to a third part.\' with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Inforrnation pertained only to a third pmty. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Documentls) originating with thE' following government agencylies) ·-------------

----------~ ______ • was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page{s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

________ __ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

Lt:: <Hh iseJ uf a .. :ailabilit.\ upon retum of the material to ttie FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for t!1e following reason(s): 

~-:J 'For your infonnation: 

~The_.following number is to be used. for reference regarding these pages: 

/, I - rJ (- 1 I - L I 

_l.Y_:_L ___ __!_--?_ f I "'-'--1------ ------------------------

\\ \~., 

x .. >..·.\XX 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGElS) X 

X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OOJ 
.. : ·.· 

. :' .. · _,' .-- ••. ':1 

... · 

. . -~ ; .. , ~_. 

: ~ · .. 

;- ~ 

..., . -"' . • !!eberalllunau of lnue11tigatbm 

Dniteb itabll Department of JUIItin 

-=MLV 

61-54 

Director 

Kemph is, T&l-maasea 

October 16, 1941 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. c. · 

Dear Sir& 

Re& OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

F.SPIONAGh 

Transmitted under separate cover is olllll 

roll of llini Pan Film. 

Attention is directed to the fact that the 

original letter written in this case requested two 

copies be made of each of these pictures and was 

enclosed with the film. It is respecti'ully requested 

that four eight by ten copies of these pictures be 

made and foi"'Iarded direct to this office • 

Very truly yours, 

E. E. XUHNEL 

Special Agent in Cbl. rga 

cc& Technical Laboratory 

cc: Knoxville 

~ -~F~RD~)~:-._)_~~)~-~-~3- / __ I rtutML rv:-rc.•,u u~ Jr.\ t~llli~lllll'i 

~ ..... I o I,,_ P/.f I 6 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED,.~ 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~ 

DATEJfon/FN BY ~13a_l. ' cJ ss-~~ . 
' ~- .; 

. ·' ;·~-

.. · . 

... 

·>~-:~-.--<: :.:_ ... ... -"~ .:..-~~ :.:..~:- .:.---~-.:... .. 

• 

-.·. 

\ 

. .. ,.. 

,. . · ~ 

' 

. . Oat.obel' 28, ).941. 

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-'· 

·;.·,_ 

In acoordanc• wit.h t.be requeet ocnt.a1ne4 Ill 

70t.11" letter ot Oct.ober 16, 19411 t.here &1"8 beillc ttJII'-

.ar4elt t.o JOU1' ottica under .. parate ngla\41'114 -.., 

tour unlargwcS photographic Jll"int.a or each an4 t.he nqat.iYM ot ~ ll&de 111 C~C~Meet.ioll wit..b the abcml 

capt.ioaed ..... . '• . - =~~-. - . . - '. 

.. ' 

• 

. -~ 

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,-/ RD"ORT MADI: AT ? BUFFAL01 Nl!lV YORK 

DA- WH&M MADI: PCRroD POit IIIPOKT 1r11ADK ay ·~ 

ll/28/41 97l5j''Wi9/4l 

Tm.E 

{J HIG~ER FOLK SCHOOL 

REF'ERENCEa 

...... 

' 

-Rue-. 

Report o! Special Agent___. dated 4/lD/41. 

at KnoXVille, Tenn. . · . · ,g? C.,., . _ ~ ' ~ - .- . - ' 

AT BUFFALO, NEW Y<liX 

This report is the reSUlt of the joint investigation 

o! Special Agent J and the 111'1ter.1 · · 

..& 9 c.., · .ti'V'l D ,..C~dent1al National ~ense Inf'ormants ... and. 

~~rlsed tbat was unknown · 

them they did not believe he was active in C01111inu~ 

circles in Buffalo at the present time • 

- REFERBlD UPO!i CCIIPIETION TO 'l'HE OFFICE OF CIUGIN - - ... ' 

COPIES OF' THIS ldP'ORT 

(V- Bureau COPfBS DEi'FROYED ::' - Knoxville - ;;_ - Bu!'!alo .~3 APR 24 19tH 

;:;J/• 

c·~ 

.... ---- ?--10&41 
.:;, 

,, 

7' 

-/ 

-'. -~ ''-'. ,_! 

' . 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Yorm.No:l 

THIS CASIE ORIGINATED AT Tmm. 

TnLO "'· (HIGHLANDER FOLK SClllOL 

SYNOPSIS OP' FACTS: 

r 

v !' C:>. I "l)J 

I' 

~ 11 ~ ,_ . 

. ' 

-:?. 

:;;; . ' " 

'' 

Report or Special Agent. 

Report of Special Agent. .. :' ~ . 

F'ILE NO. 

~--

)l, u. c. 

. -;. .. ·-··. 

D£1'AII.S: The following inYeat.igat.ion waa conducted by Spacial Agent. . - • r- ~- . 

' '!' ~ ~~~-.:. 

w_ 

v 

in an effort t.o;••• ye;; r 1940..41, I 

. i e.J." o doing some 

, ! hon:e address as 

.;. J ~ •• .,.. t.ion that. 

5 Bureau 

2 Knoxville 

2 Bal ti.more 

__ .,. 

•• 

DEC 2 

..._ ___ _ ~-- --·-_:·:" ~ ':' ..,rr~rr:~;-~·,;:-:::·~;~:-~~~--:';-:·,~-~-,r _ _,~:~-:"·_~:·f-?~.:f-~~-:::~~r:"0~_-:::7- ~~~-~-:: 

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' 

-... ber u beiJ1a a ott1c'•' • Sbe aho n&ted b\ 

abe knew the ecbool \o haw been c:rlticised ~ ~ IDI'WII~ ad 

the pnC'&l pubHe, tNt that. 1\ .. ber 01111 peraonal e111'dot.1C111ba\ · 

\bee 1AUI DOt.h1n&: eWmlra1n or Coallun1n1o about. t.be tar'*'llll _. acUdU.e et the Slwti'-U.Cil ~that. u 1 the Folk~ 

8he oii1Gl.111ecl b,y natiJic that llhe waa poe1Un •11111• 

W wul.d be aral.7 w hapw \o ocopeat.e 1D ~ "ftT poe~le wUII. 

.... ..,· .. •. ·- .... ... .,· .... 

pert.e1n1nc Al.thaa, wu \o eantaoted t be -• \onrd •t. out t.be in the rvport. obtdnhs~~;~~=~===~: ot ~peoial .Ai;em 

dated at. IJianUl.e, feu. .Apzil 10, 19,41. upreeeed. the opild.CI1 

that be did DOt bell.Oft t.hat. be bad aa;rthi!l£ rea1l¥ v,p t.o date t.o ellOI' 

1n \be.., ot illtor•tiaa. Jlonnr, be etterecl \o J'1ID Oftl' the lin 

and llllke wah ......... mt.e u llieht. u lli&ht be apropoa nth ro~~pecrt. \o t.ao 

1ncU:ddllah 'llit.b wba be bad ezq pereooel reoon. crt.iaa.. lbe peraarw 

ooawented Cl11 wltb -l'ltiiiU'ka, an l.ie\ec! bel•. (Ill those lnat-ancee 

where the U1.ndrl&haa Field Divt.s.on 1ndicee hllect. addit1111al. illtor.aUCI! 

the writer 1r ad~ oer\da ~tarT end 1dent.141"i I'UU'DI 

1. P'IWIZ IWiliL- Inatnlot.or at~ h1.t . . . School, and !*'llibl.T lld.n& b a OGttqe located em \he 1chool CI'CJUDC!a• · . , ... •i 

20 ..-.unn PEARSOI - Jles~ at. Cadeden, Ata., end b 

an ag.nt tor the c-m..t. Parv, and orgw.er tor the o. Ho 

&leo w an ott1c1el in the 1rorlaln He had th 

--:~ .. ·-o;-.--..·.-.... ···:~·7--~-:-.··~·:~~c-.· .. :·.---..... ·.-- ---~~-·-

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IIERllm'f 1II1.t.tAIIS nlidee 1(\ Hllntn111e, Al.a., Un•ln · 

VUlAce. Be U Cl Ol"pJ11sa- 1'W the C.I.O. &lid llu 1ed in nd.ic~ uU'fiU.a 1n the J11At · 

J)QJf IIDDE naidea • .....m-. 1n IGr\h c:.ro11Da. w. u ~~;:: ~ toz. the lt.aM ot ~- ~~- ~o lb01114 be eee11T, ..... ;• 

• •• .• . "- -•.· \ • . )-' r~ -

I. H. JIIO%ILt, laslrdlle, 'him. Be 1a a C.I.O, orpn1aer 

and a .u~, tor ~~e ~ It wu t.brou,P Ida Vult. an at.te.p\ '-

'WiolaM the law oocurred a\ the~ WUla, Be S.e "erJ w~ _~i acainat. the c.pi\a'-1-' 0n11r' . . .. .. · · .. ·: . ·' 

ll1rectc"a, 

.J.AllltS DOimROirSD:1 Jlan.lger ot the H1£hl.mder Folk Gahoo1. 

IIIU:is BCit'fOI- located at. th• eahool 1111d 11 =• at the 

CLlDI JILIJ•JCS, neidance JNntnUle, Al&b._, J)ollu .. · 

VUl.age. I• a 181!-PMfeued c:c.runu\, aDd bu been aoUn Sn di .. Wbut!n£ Caanmillt. U terawn. 1111 attended IIChoo1 at JleM1 Arlcaneu1 · 

1ft 19.)8. 1'.hU .eohoallfu elONd 'b7 the C.,U"te MIS ..,, d \o MT . · . eourt oo.t.a, " ··· · · · . · · · · 

"Cii-21a·u s.a Jl:lnl1.ngMa .. JlOBERt r, JW.I. .zx1 JAm: SPDD, 

1lho !oraerl,y eperated the Jane Speed Book Stan. A 1'Ue ...on""'a 

_,.. 

··.: _,~~, '·!·":;;;~~§1~~~~J~~i~;;~¥:~;·t.1ft.i~~~~]~K?.:ls~';~:;;·~:;,,~·.Vt·:;-; .. =':c· ~-,.. - . 

:--·;.-,,. .. ·,-_-~_-->,-:·-~.\- 3 •:':·.·.~, ,._,-, -. ',I 
' .. <> 

• •• , ':.. • .• 'J • 

_; ... 

, . . .. . .. 'I ... _,. '. ,- :-.., .. :· '. '- :'c., •' _.- ' . ~ .· 

l ---~_: ... ~~-,-~-.-- :_(~; • .:: ~-'...-'- -.' 

. -·-· . :-,-~ ;· 

. 

~;:;)~ .- ;::• ';.~; 

.. · . -- ,._ . - ~- --_ .. ' 

·- ·,_ 

' 

. .. .. - ... - -. ~. 'I- •. ' 

PAUL llHJtiS'l'OPHII l'eid4e• b Cbatt.anooca, !erme• .... Be ill • pat.na ud. doDar, aDd A1•- l!ppearll .. - et't1oial. Jl1nftlr 

at Vie aob"'• 

at the ..m.at. 

JO!iJl DODD rend•• Sn Chat.~, renne.,... • liM 

.ud.e apeecbe• mt1 1u pneral. ill -. ot the aol'O':Il at.huld..u\a, 

m. CQII'Hil!D1 reside• either 1u 1l1nll.ngha Gl' !a 8ov.tJl 

c.,.rollua, Be 1a a c.I.o. er&anlMr and hol.da aome b,portant .1ob 1u 1\. 

(Notet The 1nd1Y1dual reterr.d \o1 whose hll J1o11me ill DLVliRTOI (!lMH!IID' • • .. 

18 a pMcUcine attorDq 1D nimnetv ... .t.l .. , nt.h office• 1D the eo.r 

Bu<lMna. Be 1• pl'CIIinent.l7 1dent.11'1ed wUb the C.I.O. vganisaUODa 

1n Al.&bama, Cld ill at laut &1JIPII.thet1c wUh the -•rou eo a•"M 

tront organisatio~~e tar the eo..unlet J'arV, I\ h .. beeJl DOUced 'Uiat he 

has been attorded ccndderable proid:aence and publlci\;1 19' • Sout.bera . lien llwnac, r•d1cal welcl,y publlcat.ton which euapended operat.lona 

due \o t1Jianc1al oauaea ·~web prniou to date ot npor\),. 

PAUL M'JlKRS nllide• B-.mtniile, at 100 ~ st.nn, 

Ill Te17 aut.llpoken 1D lea.n1De• toward c-w-. but hu unr atteSne4 ~ de&ree ot pi"'OI1Dence Gl' 1Dt1118DC41o 
_,. --~ ' .... .,_ .. ,; 

·',·_· 

. ·. . ~- . .. . ' . . ·.-.,.' l.,.. -, . 

. _- .... . .- -, . . ' -~ 

......... -· .. --· ... 

... , . 

.. ·, ... 

~ -!~~. upreued --. epiJd.oa t.ba~ ---'lfOllltl M · \oo bapw to MOpllt'a\e SA rftlr7 r .. peo\. 

f.'t JIR)[IlfO!LU(, ALA. 

!be toll~ inwatigati= wu oood\lc\od b7 -

... ... -.:.,'f .• 

~ .. !1!1!1!!1. added ~ha~ he bad tsra~ 4one printinQ: 1lllrk 

tor the lf1&hl&Dder Folk School a01111 ao 7Nn aa• 1lbeD a -.n whoM 

llllM be wu l!D&b.U \e noall waa SA Bindn&hall recruitin& atud.ct.e. 

Be related \bat the pntlnu reterred ~ had 'been pre .. nt at t.be 

!inllin&fllaa .... 1111101»• IUid 1lpOSI the wideautied 1Ddirldua1'•.... . .. oerh1a1n.r: tha\ be• waa a publiaher• be pl'OIIptJT placed a 

order kr \.be printinc et •- at.llU<mU7• added that .. haa traa. t1ae to '-iae prtntedle\t.erbeade and envelope~~ tc ~ . JU.ehl&Dder Folk sohool, .nd recall• baviJic printed a achool paper 

·- u.. during the aprlna or 19.41. 118 itJtpresaed ldJuelt .. _,. 

t.o noall tile D&tlft ot the p!lbllcatioa and edYiaad \b.at. be na Dri 

1n the habl\ ef teepina •pia• at aiah publlcatiana. Ba amo',., .. b7 atat.1Di; that be had no idea whatever aa ~ the polic:lea ot activiU.a 

-J-

.. -:--': .... ·-- ... _ .. ,. . 
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. -

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e! ~ RS&J'lender Folk Sclh~ other t.haD \o NT that he ..S.r8\o04 tbit. ··. 

•tudent b~ to be ...U, md. \M etwlenw k 111 ot wrr ...S.et tinNla.S.al. ... ~.. . .. ·· .... • -· .. , .+· ··-~ . .; -· 

%hoe Ghealc rneal• the toUCJII'inGt (Ill~ s.n.t.noea nen 

-• haw tleen detemined to 1le U.nUoal td.th tbole Mt out in the Nfer&need l'eport. ot Spec1al Agent- the writer u, h eontondv 'll til 

~ueat Ht ogt in b aad4ftloped lead h Ulil aat.z-1 -k1qs ~ 

aplenat.oJ7 .....na.). .. . · · .. ·. '; · · ·. · -:-;-< 

--Moncanl., 

--iohOC4~ 

- lilo l"eCCl"4. 

• l ~ ,. . _, 

. ~·-··.·.-<-·-~- !' ,.. 

.- .- ---- ·.·,· - .. -.: '."':""--"-:""""· --;-:-_·-. 
4-750 {2-7--7fl) ( 

L 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~·Deleted under exemption(s) --~-·_7 __ c.- _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

CJ lnf<mnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

:J infOrmation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

:::J Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) • -------------

, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

f-'agl'Cs) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

___ as the information originated with them. You will 

,,1 '1: l!ti uf availability upon return of the ma-terial to the FBI. 

i__}agchJ withheld for the following reason(s): 

I 1 ., _,·our infonnation: 

Thv foll••w1J number is to be used for rcferenceyrding these pages: 

~ 1-. _t;J)-!JLfTfL'l-T- .~-------

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X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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Dan'II.!.E nv..!' IIIVISiaf, a\ fru.T ctv, 'l'cn., ..m 

illte%"fiirw who 1a ill JIOIIBIBdczl fit .nain tile& d 

Wonut.1011 pertain1zi£ ~ the !U&M..,., ll'elk $0bodl• 1 

..... 

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,. 

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.. ,- .·. ·-

. ~ ... ~- _-.-( '; , :--. . 

-

-.-.. , 

( 

• •' 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION .. 

. _.-.-

P'ILE NO. lOQ-48.5 

HIGHLANDER FOLK saiOOL Dl'mRNAL SECURITI - I . . ·-.. 

. .:. -~ 

... 

. ; 

/ ~- . i .-· •.... ,. '/' 

' \:./' !--------___:_'--' _..:__ ___ _i____ ________ --1 . ! 

' ... 

SYNOPSIS OF P'ACTS: 

REFERENCE: 

- auc- . Jr'IL- - ·- . . . , .. Report or Special Agent ....... dated 

at ~ille, Tennessee, 6-1-41. 

The indices or the Denver Field Division were 

checked relative to 

and it was revealed 

._ .. _ .... __ . -~·- .•>-: ....... 

I ' 

Q:.i-

.. , 
4-750 (2-7-79! 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

~- Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in tht> file. One or more of the following statements, where 

Ticated, explain this deletion. ' • 

~ Deleted under exemption(s) ~ L 1 k '/ J2 with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 7 7 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

i_.] Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

LJ Document(s) originating with the following govemmcnt agency(ies) •-------------

-- , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

-·-··--· Page(s) referred for consultation to th<· following government agency(ies); 

'. ·. \ 

XXX XXX 

______ as the information originated with them. You will 

Ll~_lvised of availability upon return of tlw matPrial to the FBI. 

Pagc(s) withheld for the following n·ason(~): 

·---~·--··· -~~-. 

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X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FI!!II/OOJ 
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·.-·!· -

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' . 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form.No.t 

THIS CASE ORIGIHATJ!D AT KNOXVILIE, TENNESSEE 

REPORT MAl.: AT 

_RICIDIOND, VIRGINIA 

Tnu 

0 

__ ...., WHICHIIIIAc. 

l2-l-4l 

• 

P'ILE NO. 61-60 

- .. :. : 

HIGHLANDER FOIK SCHOOL . INl'ERNAL 5EClJRIT! - 1l 

SVNOPSISOFFACTB: 

-

Investiga on ~onducted relative to iilililiii.ijjliiiiireveals he haa 

engaged in' 

his paper, 

is said to carry re]~rl.nts 

origjnally appearing in the 

Worker. Labor leaders say 

extreme in his labor acti.n1~1eos 

-· 

-P-

. . 

J 

f?l-'-··,.·· 

Report o! Special Agent_ ...... " ..1--?c- -"·~ ·-- dated 6-1-41 at Knoxville, Tennessee. · ~ 

DETAILS: 

!he following investigation ia 

predicated upon the report ot ::1!)8CJl&l 

COI-l.E6 OF THIS RD"ORT 

/5 - Bureau corms DESTROYED · 

'~- Knoxville ,~8 APR 24 1961 

3 -Richmond 

dated June 

.. &___ 7--IDU 

---

-.. . .- -.· 

.z 

~0 ;~~ 

ow.. 

uc;;> 

zen a::~ 

0 c:::t: /' ~d&i 

0-~~·~ LL.z 

2:-

- LL.J LL1 

::Jffi~ c:r:: :X: Qo. 

'; .r·. 
4-75012-7-791 { 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

ir1dicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) J 7 c_ J .£- 7 P 

material available for release to you. > 

with no segregable 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

[] Information pertained only to a third partv, Ynur name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following govemment agency(ies) .-------------

, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_______ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of tlw rnatt._•rial to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reasonlsJ: 

[] For your information: 

~hj following number is to)'ej'sed for reference regardj!]j these pages: 

f/J I - ? .5 J I - (r; 0 --1? • ;2 - ., ·-""~--'-··-'·=·.. - ~) ,- ·----· --;---------

· .• '\.\ 

.·~.'\,\.\\..\. 

X>..XXXX 

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~ DELETED PAGElS) X 

X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

, FBI/DOJ 
. -r: . -·. . ·,:. ;· .' ..... .. • ...__ ____ ~ 

.ill.~, ' . \;;·;:,_ /-. 

. . " ! 

• 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

For.m. No.1 

THI&CASEORIGINATEDAT KNOXVnJ..E, TENNESSD _ ... _ · . ru.E NO. 10<>-1291 

REPORT MAO£ AT DATE WHEN MADE 

TITLE 

O HIGHLANDER FOLK S)f!OOL .... :-- ~,~·- . i.' ' 

lll1'ERNAL Sl!CURI'l'I ~ C . 

. . -.. . ~ >. 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

DETAILS: 

1041 I 

-· ' 
4-750 12-7-79) ( 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

~icated, explain this deletion. . 

Q6' Deleted under exemption(s) -A- 7 C- '. w-{-- 7 P with no segregable 

material available for release to you. ---7 . 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third partv with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third partv. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Documentls) originating with the following govemment agencylies) . -------------

·-. was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) referred for consultation to th<' following government agencylies); 

________ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

1,, ad-..iscd of availability upon return of tlw material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reason< s): 

D ·For your infonnation: 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

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X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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F!!II/OOJ 
·• 

-·· .. 

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,. 

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. --~-~- .. ~ : .... ~- ... 1-- _:_ :. rf. -:~- r -:.<.~ ,-·: ·: ,~ (. -· ::>;· ;-: ... : ...... 

.. -.-~ .. ,, ..... __ -~: ·_ ~.-:. . _ .. ,: { ... ~': .. :.: .. ~-' ~- ~ ~~-:;.:;~·:::._-~::::~~~; __ . ·,:-·j~t:i~~f:::L~:~·-J·:~ .. :i~-~~~;_::·:.' .. ~~:. '/" 

.A··.:.-.>~ 

' '- . 

/. I}~ . ....__ 

' , .. ' 

t. 

. 

·-.... -

. ... , 

.-' .. ·,.-

advised that he was familiar witb HIGHLAND!R ·.· 

nerally addressed at Tracy City, Tennessee, _or at 

ennessee, and that from his OIIJl recollectiol'i, ·the 

....._-I!!~-. f. or the past "fJ_veral. years ll!lder the directorsh~ 

of one Hdii~ and J~Cl!B~SKI. impe.rt8d 

general info matim concemio.g the operations 'Oi:~the school which 

the writer found already to be incorporated in reports 

in this matter and about the only "!:'''" ........ ., had of any value was that he knew 

Tennessee to be a Communist 

From his OIIJl kn01rledge of having liTed in the rlcinity 

_•· ~- .• 

of the School, said it was attended by many foreigners whose 

names he could not relate and it was determined that naa 

little if any valuable information to disclose concerning the school, 

its personnel, or operations. 

·.,. '·. . . . 

For such information as ~ be of possible assistance 

in later locating- a descriptim of him is being set 

forth as follows: .. '· 

Age •' . 

Race 

Height 

Weight 

Eyes 

Hair 

Occupatim 

Peculiarities 

.. · 

. ln&SJI!Uch as the information imparted by as nonspecific and indicated no further investigation,concerning the matter, 

should be conducted within the )(ismi Field Division, this case is 

being reierred upon completion ~ the o:rt1Ce or origin • 

.. 

.. - REFERRED UPON CWI'LE':\'ION '10 'lHE CFFIQE . ~ · OIUGIN -

• ' i 

-3-
<, '·. 

< 

,, 

<{' '~ 

- ' ' ,·~ - ;.-·-· 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

1 

\>.sE ORIIGINIAn:o AT INOIVILLI1 TENNESSEE P'ILI: NO. 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: Indices Cleveland Office checked lor information 

:uu,se individuals being lll&de 

subjects of separate investigations. 

-RUe1Cl0-22l6' 

Report of Bpeciallgent.•l~-- Inoxville, 

Tennessee, dated June 1;-!941. 

DETAILS: J.T CLEVELAND, OHIO: 

COPID OF' THI8 R.oft'r f...t~IJ .. "'UJ.l!J) 

~-eau 2-Kn.~xville ~ /Q 

2-Cleveland l t t_ B 2. 6 1 ~2 

fO!'iES DESTROYED 

24 1961 II.S.SOVEIIIIIUNT ,ltiNTIN8 OFfiCE 1UI-O•UIIU 

• 

,, 
. ,. 

... ,, 

·.:~ 

' ' ' 

. ... :~ ~· 

,··• I 

-_ ,' __,. ? ";: 

\ ... 

--~.­

; 

. :•· 

.-.·· 

100-2216 

.,, 

·-:: 

,.·:-·-·. 

't-· '1,'·. 

··•o.'· 

J:: 

·:;.-. 

''. 

. -:~ : . ""-.:.lr.o~--

... -.. _ . ···~ 

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. . - . 

• 

'•:: ::_. :.;, 

.. --,. 

j ..,. .. ~ 

\- :, ... ,., 

" ... ~. 

J 

I 

--~ 

The files of ihe indices of the Cleveland Office . ·, 

were checked concerni.Dg the aforementioned indi'riduals to 

ascertain any Communist or Communistic activities. fhe 

files of eveland Office contain 

c:erning 

-2-

~~-, ..... ·-···· .... ~.- ·.• ...... -~ 

•' __ ., .. 

. ' 
4-750 12-7-79) 

( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~Deleted under exemptionls) L1_Cmaterial available for release' to you. 

____________ with no segregable 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

U lnfonnation pertained only to a third partv. Your name is listed in the title only. 

U Document(s) originating with the following govcmment agency(ies) 

_______ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl· following government agency(ies); 

___ as the information originated with them. You will 

he erlvised of availability upon rPlum of th<' material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reasonls): 

-------------------

[] -For your information: 

/ 

r/ ),'1':?' ~tr:: roes-: f':3 -re_g_a_rd-in_g_t_h_e_s_e_p_a_g_e_s_: ------------

xxx:,;xx 

xxxxx..x 

XX XX XX 

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/DOJ 
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-.·:- ·.'-

:-.·; ·>. -· .· . ,·, ... ~.: ~· ._.;;_,. '-. ~ -·,~----> 

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In new ot the tact that there b no turther information concerning these individuals, tbe7 are being aade 

the eubjects ot eeparate investigations b7 th1a Office, and 

this case is bein& 

; . 

-· 

· .. - .- ~ ·' ;::-.-·-:--: 

-REFEIIR&1) UPON COJ.IPLETIOI 

TO OffiCE OF ORIGllf-

; ·•. -. 

-_-.!,. -.- .. _ ... '·, 

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..... ' 

•· 

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4-750 (2-7-791 ( 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~ 7 f. ___________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third part) with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third part)·. Your name is listed in the title only. 

U Document(s) originating with the following govemment agency(ies) 

·------ , was/were forwardea to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_______________ -----·- as the information originated with them. You will 

hP erlvi,Prl of availability upon return of tlw material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(,): 

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~Tholl owing number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

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Director 

' Jlrbrralliurrau of lnur11tigation 

Jllnitrb itatr11 ilrpartmrnt of Ju11tirr 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

Jan1l817 5, 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. c. 

DmaHIANDER FOLK SCHOOL, 

Internal Securit7 - C 

Dear Sir a / 1 -

1 "l {, ,, ']5 

Reference is made to the report of Special Agent 

Knoxville, Tennessee, d&ted December 30, 

Bureau's attention is particularlJ directed 

to references therein to Krs. ELEANc¢',£XSEVELT on pages 

28, 29 and ll7, which refer to her being listed b7 this 

school as a friend or the institution in rleY of her 

having established a scholarship there. 

In rlew of these references, the Knoxville Field 

Division will withhold the mailing of copies of this 

report to all offices pending the Bureau 1 s express 

approval or euch a procedure. 

Veey trul7 :yours, 

' I I ; t, ... • .&.. llllRPHI. 

Special .&.gent in Charge. 

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Jlarau'a at\enUoa to oerlala llltol'llaUCIIl -taf.na4 oa pacea . ,1 · · 

28, 29 an4 117 lA 'he repon et lpactal ~' ·1t--'lC!--

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t'he Jlarea11 hu ao obJecUoa to pval7 fac'w aa\erial 

~~rtinent to the 1nYeat1&atlon belnc aet forth ln 1nYaat1cat1Ye 

reports 'llhen the 8011J'oa hu lleen 4ethl \elT ntabUahe4 11114 • " 

properl7 wal.aa\84 bJ 10• pJ'Ior to Ua bclnalca 1a a repon 

to the Bureall 11114 other tlel4 otfloaa. J leal tha\ J'Oilo u 

ea "«•' b ChRrce, ahou!4 lie cognhet of \hh procebn. 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

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Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~ 7 C, ' .f~_?_.J>::..._ _______ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. r 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third party·. Yout name is listed in the title only. 

W OocumenHs) originating with the following go\·ernmcnt agency(ies) 

-··--·--- , was/were forwardeo to them for direct response to you. 

Pagc(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

-~~-- __ ..... __ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

hP arh·i,Pd of availability upon return of thf' material to the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reasonl>-1: 

~J .For your infonnation: 

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rV The{;llowir.g number :to be used fur referencr• regarding these pages: 

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"'"''~"'"'"' staff Publications b7 the 

scf.ocl indicate radical and comr.:uni tendencies on part of students 

attending le spring and fall term 1941. School still subscribes to Do.ily 

WcrkGr and utlic~tions conccrr~ng Russia. HORTON and members of Executive 

Cor._-utt£2 HIGHLANrER FOLK SCHOOL are supporters of Southern Conference of 

Human ~8lfarc. Six out of eleven members of Executive Committee are listed 

r.s c :nr.c;unist or having conununistic contacts by files in KnoxVille Office, 

JOE G.lDOBBS, member Executive Committee is considered one of most dangerous 

cc.:c.,.,:n\Ot in Chattano;;ga, Tennessee, and is on custodial detention list , 

cf this office. School first started out as cOJll!llUllity center but gradually 

~h~,~~d to labor education. Unsuccessfully attempted to.establish a similAr 

schc ul at Allardt, Tennessee 1 about 19:34. SUcceeded 1):1 organizing the Worker •s 

~ '-, i enrc which flourished for a while in Grund7 Count7 but broke up after an 

uns~ccGssful "sit-down strike" at W.P.A. Headquarters, Tracy City, Tennessee, 

in Fc!Jruary 19:39. School unpopular in local ,community and has reputation of." 

bein£ ccrrmrunistic. Unpopularity based partly on repurt cf drinking and suspected loose morals that occur at dances sponsored by t~ school, and local prcju-

·licc Ccpinst labcr activities of school, Public fealing culminated in n 

,,. ;c:.3~d r.arch .;;n tho schc•ol by Grundy County Cru~:~aders on November 12, 1940. 

·--,-- -+<;-~•i:!1 reveals that school prcgrarn of worker's education and reereation-

~l activities has gained support of same nationa~ly prominent 'labor and public ... .: -., ...... 

-P-

':C?:C'-''=:CE: Report of SpE:cial Agent ••••• ., Knoxville, Tennessee,· 

dated April 10, 1941, 

Repcrt of Special Agent •••••It 

dated June 1, 1941. 

Kncxville, Tennessee, 

',I C/ Repcrt of Special Agent ••••• ,Now York City, 

dated October 21, 1941. 

Repurt of SpE:cial Agent .... ~···~ Tennessee, dated Octcber 17, 1941, 

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DETAIIS1 Inasmuch as the IUGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL has students, contributors or friends in all part of the country, copies of this report are being designated !or all field offices in the Continental United States, however, it is not deemed adVisable at this time to 

check on all the people with whom the school has contact. Reference report 

of Special Agent New York City, indicates that among the contributors of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL are many large and reputable New York 

organizations and several reputable people residing in the New York Vicinity, 

therefore, for the: present, this office Tlill concentrate thG investigation of 

this case on the m.:mbers of the staff, exec uti vG committee, students and local 

supporters of the IUGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. Iri case of contributors who have 

donated unusuallv 1arcG sums of moncv. or· where outsidG circumstances 

indicate possibl; ~o~unistic connections, investigation will be made of ~-:--:·-:: co;:tributors. 

mimeographed she0t prepared by the. IUGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL entitled, 

"Statement of Purpose Unanimously approved by tho Staff of HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL". This milllGographed sheet, which will be retained in the files of 

th8 Knoxville Field Office, is set out as follows: 

PURPOSE: 

"STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 

Unanimously Approved by the Staff of 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

The purpose of a labor school should be to assist in bringing · about Gconomic and political democracy. Si~ce unions arc basic 

to the achievement of democr~cy, the strcnbthening of unions 

must be the pri=ry purpose of a labor school. It should be an educ~tional arm of organized labor, or the more progressive unions 

IDQking up the labor ·movement at a given time, 

AFFILIATIONS: 

A hbor school should not become connected in =Y way with politiCD.l or other organizations, the policies of which are in conflict with 

•"" ~~licics of the unions. 

The direction, teaching and control should be in the hands of 

labor reprcs0ntativ~s committed to the idea that democracy can 

best be achieved through a strong, intelligGnt labor movement. 

PROGRAM: 

The program of a labor school sho~ld be determined by the needs 

on--J poliCieS of the unions from Vlhich tho students are drawn and with 

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which the school works, This would necessitate a specialized 

educational progrc.m, Classes ,.-ould be conducted in subjects of 

a practical nature,-directly related to the problems faced by the 

students. No effort would be rode to carry on a general program of 

education suitable for students with a variety of interests and divergent pcints of view. The emphnsis given ~d points of view 

expressed would be that of organized labor. 

ADlliiNISTRATION: 

Since the irr.mediate purpose of a labor school is to assist in 

strengthcni:1g crg"-nized labor, it cannot be an independent policy 

m1.ldng organization. Therefore, direction and supervision must come 

from lnb0r representatives of organizations operating with the school. 

A Board of Directors, consisting of labor officials and representatives 

of the school, should have full authority in the making of policy 

and the running of the school. 

dp 

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' It is noted thnt on the left hand_ corner of the above 

mimeographed sheet appears the following: 11 dp u,opwa m-a~ln dp 

probably stands fer DALICE\PROBERT; m-a-l for w._qy A.\ lAWRENCE, and 

uopvta is probably the abbrMation fer a press-man's b.rk. 

~~~~~~'vf~l~i~:~ and illustra- ted booklet, a giving its history. 

This bcoklet is described as "The Story of an Educational Center for W~rkingPecple11, The pertinent parts cf this booklet, which will be retained in the 1 

files cf the Knoxville Field DiVision, are set cut as followsz 

i 

"FOUNDING OF THE SCHOOL. In 1932, Myles Horton, a native : 

Tennessean educated at Cumberland University and the University of Chic< 

gc, returned to Tennessee tc help pr<:-.Vi.de SouthCrn workers with an 

oportunity fer an educati.:;n fitted to their practical needs. 

Highlander Folk School was therefore founded •to proVide 

an educational center in the South for the training of rural and 

industrial lendGrs, and for the ccnservaticn and enrichment of the' 

indigenous cultural values cf the mountain.• 

Throughout the eight years of the school's existence, it 

has functioned along these bread lines: it is a local rural s&ttlement hcuse serving the community and county; and it is a center far 

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the education and development of intelligent labor leadership throughout the entire South. Through this program, the school hopes to assist 

in bringing about the economic and political democracy that is the 

heritage of the finest American tradition. 

EARLY YEARS. When Doctor Lillian~·ohnson, pioneer southern 

educator, gave her frame house and farm la~o the new School, the 

founders resolved not to create another formal institution, but to develop an educc.tional and cultural center to meet the needs of the 

students thtmsclvcs, and of the community. Hence, during the first few 

weeks, the house served chiefly as a community center, where neighbors 

drop)ed in fer a social evening of songs and friendly discussion with 

the teacher~. 

Later, a !ow of the neighbors asked for a discussion class, 

and durir.g the fL·st winter, evening classes dealing with psychology, 

economics, and current events, grew naturally out of th3 interest of 

the co~~unity folk. 

A few resident ;tudents began to live ~t the school and to 

be given individual instruction in writing and speaking. In addition, 

each selected a community activity ranging from music classes and a 

dramatics club to educational meetings-among the miners and relief 

workGrs in neighboring communities. Thus, the three aspects of interrelated activity which the school nm• carries on, grew out of the 

demands of the first year: 

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I - the residence program of short courses and weekend f 

conferences for workers. t 

II - the y:ork in tho cornnunity. r 

III - the extension progr=, in v.'hich students and staff carry J 

tho cducationalll·ork to other rural and industrial areas. ' 

PRESENT PROORAM t 

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l. F.ESIDENT COURSFS, Resident Terms for Workers are the 

backbone of the ycnr-round program. In the summer and in the 

spring, the six weeks term of intensive resident courses is conducted for trade-union students. Students are dravm from Southern 

labor unions, with an occasional student from outside of the South. 

The qualifications for admission are: .. the ability to read and write 

and devotion to the labor mcverncnt. No student is accepted without 

the recommendation 

The purpose 

of his 

of all 

or 

the 

her 

courses 

union. 

is to provide factual inforlllE' ~ tion bearing on the practical problems faced by the students in theirr 

unions. Sharing the experiences and discussions enables students to 1 

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meet their local situations more constructively. 

Classes are alvmys informal, and drav; from and relate 

back to, the students• experiences. In addition to discussions led 

by tho regular staff members, leading expert's from the field of 

organized labor and from Federal and State agencies frequently contribute tc the classes as visiting lecturers. The School's library of 

six thws;;.nd bouks and pamphlets, built up by the gifts of friends, is 

eagerly drmm :m by the students to supplement their class work. 

The course includes the following subjects: 

DN:O:CJN PROBLEMS: discussion of definite probler.J.5 cf the stu= 

dents &S labvr u.nicnists. .Methcds of orranizing, dues collecting, and 

~~kine the mc.etir.Js interesting: fu.~darncntals of collective bargaining, 

negotiating contracts, and Labor Board procedure. 

AMERICAN HISTORY: the story of the growth of the. labor 

mcvcr.~nt in America from Colonial days to the present, with an 

OY.Lltimtion cf lnbor 1 s rights under New Deal legislation. 

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ECON01ITCS: an i~troductcry course dealing with the way people 

r.~ke a living; the development vf tho indu~trial era and its effect 

·'-'P-E the welfare of working pecplc; and the cccnor:;ic background of 

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the union movement. 

UNION PUBLICITY: practic~ in the basic el0ments of a news 

story, related tc rcp2rting for labor papers. Tho mechanics of editing 

a paper or pamphlet; mimeographing oothcds; and the creating of charts 

and pc,sters for publicit;' uses. Students write their ovm life stories 

and publish the~ in mimeographed form~ 

PARLIAMENTARY IA WAND PUBLIC SPEAKING: designed to show 

students hew to run busin~ss-like meetings, and hew to get across ideas 

in an effective manner. Class is conducted as a regular union meeting, 

giving students practice in speaking and in parliamentary law. 

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DRAMATICS: training in the improvisation of plays based on 

actual situations suggested, acted out and produced by the students. 

Finished pre-duct is often taken on tour to u.."licn loc~ls~ 

k'USIC JJlD RECREATION: learning labor and folk son[;S; practice 

in leading group singing, and methods of setting up a recreational 

procraw in a union. 

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EQUALLY as it1portant as the course of studies is the experience 

of cooperative living. The students contribute tw~ hours a day to the 

running cf tho household, and have the opportunity cf sharing work and 

play with other students and the staff. 

INSTITUTES AND EXTRA SESSIONS. In additio:J. to its regular 

resident terms, Highlander hulds frequent weekend institutes throughout 

the year, for unions, teachers, and social workers. For example, during 

1940, institutes were held at the school for the American Federation of 

Hosiery Workers, .for the International L:!dies' Garment Workers Union, and 

fo-r labor's Ncn-Partisan Leacue. Inforr.-.al week-end gatherings were held 

fer leaders of cooperatives, and for southern business and professional, 

and industrial Y. W. C. A. secretaries. 

other sp3Ci!il sessic•ns have included such varied projects as: 

a woek 1 s Summer Camp for the children cf union r.embers; a writers• 

workshop at which prominent writers and young students from all parts 

of the country discussed together the problems of writine: and two 

work camps for college students, 

2. THE COMMUNITY PROORhl~. The; problem of earning a liVing in 

Grundy County is acute. Since the scil is net suitable for productive 

farming, the natural resources of the land - coal mining and lumbering - hnve been exploited until the timber is gone and only a few mines nre in 

cperntion. 

Tho Anerican Public Welfare Association has made a study of 

tho county: it is cne of tho pccrezt in tho South, with ever oichty 

percent of the residents certified for relief. 

An important part of llighlanders' all-year-around activites 

is the School's work with community organizations in joint efforts to 

solve community and country problems, Leadership has been furnished 

for Cooper2tives in gardening, canning, pottery and quilt-making, and 

in such organizations as a Community Council, local unions, and a 

Parent-Teacher Association. 

In thG community work, the School also assists in developing 

local leadership by providing £or Young Peoples Clubs and Study Groups 

for Adultz. The cultural and recreational life of the community has 

been stimulated by the School's free music lessons, and by the encouragement of the traditional songs and fine old square dances of the region. 

Perhaps the most outstanding recent example of the School's 

community projects is a progressive nursery school, taught by a member 

of the Highland0r staff, who is a graduate of the Bank Street Cooperative 

School for Teachers, and who acts as director, janitor, parent-worker, 

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and school-bus driver. The parents of the fifteen children make 

their contribution by helping supply hot lunches and fuel for the nursery 

building, 

-'· EXTENSION WCRK. The third aspect of Highlander's program is 

its field work. Stuff members serve as a resource which unions 

and cooperatives all over the South can call upon for guidance or as- ~istance in worker's education. At t~ request of the local unions 

for example, members of the stuff go out between resident sessiens to 

conduct educational programs. Instruction is given in setting up 

mimeographed newspapers, and in the organization ef dramatics clubs, 

singing and study groups. 

Finally, the staff is always available by correspondence or 

visit, to assist graduates of the School in their educational and 

cultural activities. There nre 180 alumni from 24 states and from 

30 different unions. Some of the typical progressive positions held 

by former students are: union educational director, manager of cooperative store, organizers for the C. I. 0. and for the A. F. of 1., recreational director for union, Y. M. C. A. Administrator, labor news 

service editor, member of county school board, publicity director for 

union, editor of labor song book, teachers and directors for workers• 

service projects, W. p. A.; and officers of local unions, 

ADMINISTRATION, MAINTENANCE AND SUPPCRT 

ADMINISTRATION: The Executive Council o! the Highlander 

Fslk School consists of leading representatives of both the A. F. cf 

L. and the C. I. 0., and the teaching staff. The teaching, direction, 

and control of the schcol are in the hands of the staff and of labor 

representatives committed to the idea that democracy can best be achieved 

thrcugh a strong, intelligent labc·r mcovement. The School is not, and 

never has been, affiliated ~~th any political organization or party. 

M:lmbers of the Executi vo Council are: 

Alber~arnett, :Professur of Old Testament Literature, 

Sci'rfitt College. 

Miss Lucy Randol~sor,, Southern Publicity Representative 

for the c.r.o. 

Edwnrd ~allaghan, Vice-President of the American Fedaration Hosiery Workers. 

Geor~itlor, Secretary, District 19, United Mine Workers 

of America. 
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Mnt~ch, Representative of the American Federatiun of 

Hosiery Workers. 

Ro~eynolds, President Chnttanooga Printing Pressmen and 

Assistants Union. 

Alto~wrence, Southern Representative of Labor's NonPartisan League. 

Paul ~hristopher, Executive Secretary of the Tennessee 

State Industrial Union Council, 

Bernar~orah, Southern Representative of the Amalgamated 

Clothing Workers of America. 

STAFF: The staff bring to their teaching, in addition to college 

and professional training, their experience in the field of Southern 

labo~ as members of the AIDerican Federation of Teachers, and as organizers, 

wri.ters and speakers. They receive no salaries, other than maintenance. 

The staff is cooperatively organized and shares equally in the control of 

the. school. 

The staff includes: Teachers; 

Willi~uttrick, College of the City of Nashville, Duke 

University. 

Jam~ombrowski, Emory Uniwrsity, Columbia University, Union Th~ological Seminary. 

MYles Rorton, Cumberland University, University of Chicago. 

Zilphi~orton, College of the Ozarks. 

Le~ilson, Librarian. 

Claudi~wis, Reed College, Bank Strvet Cooperative School for 

Teachers. lfursery School Director. 

Mo.rr1,awrence, Duke University. 

Community Worker. 

Loui~ichman, Vassar College. Office Secretary. 

Louis~onkling, Ob:rlin College. OfficG Secretary. 

SUPPORT: The School is run on a cooperative basis. Students 

and staff share in tho housGhold work; hence, every penny of the yearly 

contributions is devoted to the actunl maintcrumcc of the School and its 

year-round program of r;:;sidcnce terms, and community and extension T{Ork. 

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Contributors are unions, religious groups, student bodies, 

educational foundations, and over nine hundred liberal men and women 

throughout the country. Scholarships are llllintained by several 

international unions; and by individual contributors, including Mrs. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. 

The school vrork would be impcssiblz without the moral and 

financial support of progressive citizens. They believe with the School 

that if democracy is to survive the onslaughts of the anti-democratic 

forces spreading in the world t8day, the great majority of our people 

must learn how to exercise their rights most capably and wisely through 

the democratic process. · 

ELIDORSEl.!ENTS. The School is proud of the roster of illustri .. 

ous leaders, both National and Southern, who endorse its work. Amongst 

the prominent representatives of organized labc;r -

Dr. George ~OUllts; President, American Federation of 

Teachers, A. F. of 1: 

"I have every ccnfidcnce in the Highlander Folk School 

as an instituti2n th~roughly devcted to the interests of working 

pecple and the cause of American Democracy." 

John ~wis: President, United !.line Tlorkcrs of America, 

c. I. o. : 

"I think that the Schc·cl is p<orforming a noteworthy 

task in tho field of liberal and useful educ2tion, and 

that real recogniti~n is due fer the generous and effective 

supp0rt which it gives tc the struggle of labor in the South." 

&~cngst the well-knovm educators ---

./ 

Dr. JcJu?llewey: 

"Wncn the Highla:1der Folk Schoc·l was f,:,unded, I wrote 

that I regarded it as one of the mcst impcrtant social-educational 

projects in America, The achievements of the School in the 

past eight years confirm :JJY original judgment. n 

Dr. William S~"lickerbocker, Professor at the University of 

the South, and editor of the SEWANEE REVIEW: 

" ••• the Highlander Folk Scheel is rendering an important 

and indispensable service in its nursery school, its relief 

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:_.5~~:r;j 

;:> ... ~ ~ 0~ 

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'• -n ...·. L; 

assistance, its intelligent scrutiny of political and social 

conditions, and in most of its proposals for the elimination 

of removable abuses and the introduction of more tolerable 

conditions of living." 

In the Church --- i 

Revcrend Rcinhol,Jfiiebuhr: 

/ 

11 One of the most interesting 

in America." 

experiments in labor education 

Rcvc:r...,nd 1!arshal.l!"1iinr,field, Memphis Pastor, Moderator of the Tennessee 

Conference of Congropticnal Churches and Historian in Chief of the Sons 

of Confederate Votcr~ns: 

I know the School is doing an excellent and much needed 

work in this urea." 

Amongst our Ndghbors ---

Miss M:c;t$ustus, public schcol tc:>chcr, author, and holder of a 

Rosenwald Fellowship: 

"I am glad to say that I !mow of much good the HighlandGr 

Folk School has done in our corr11'illli"1ity, beth in an educational 

and altruistic way. They have proved their friendship, 

especially to tho poor and ne8dy, rendering material assistance 

in many cases when ncme else was available." 

l~s. C. ~tarr, President of the P. T. A.: 

" • • • they arc an asset to this community." 

In Vlorkors Education --

l&!r~te.rr, Educcticnal DirGctor, International L:J.dies Garr.1ont Workers 

Union: 

"The trndo unions of the Svuth need workers 1 education to 

incrsasc their powGr and usc it wisely. Highlander Folk School 

deserves support because it provides thnt v:orkers 1 education." 

Hild~d.th, Director Wcrkern Service Progrnm, Works Progress Administro.tion. 

"The 1-Iit:hlnndcr Folk Scheel is making an unusual contribution 

t0 worker's cduco.tion. It hns s0t a pattern in community 

rwlaticns through a workers •s schccl and is dcinc much tc give 

courage to industrial and rural vrcrkers who are concerned with 

rai. sing ntandards of living and developing educo.tional programs 

amcng workers• groups." 

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, ·· .. : ··· -~; ~t~~(~rw~(~ikitzi~~s?~g1~~~ft:::~;~;~:!~:·;T_::_r~:>: .. ·" · · f ·.·. • 

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·: .. '' 

..... ·: .·,.: 

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- .,. 

.. _ .. . ,,._ . 

,_.- •. -· ''· ....... ::·· __;:.__,· • .:_.-.. ..,:;..;~':....< ,_;_. ~ (.~: .,,.,-. 

.· ·- -- ! 

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• 

In Laber Or,;anizaticns -

1940 Annunl Conv~ntion ci the C. I. 0.; 

11 ••• resolved that this crganizaticn endorse the ideas and 

program of the Highlander Fe>lk School. 11 

RESOLUTION, I'Wlh'VILLE TRADES Aim 

IJIBCR COUNCIL, (A. F. of L.) 

11 ••• The Ccuncil expresses confidonce in the fundamental 

soundness of the objocti vas of this labor schocl. ;; 

Reference r0pcrt cf Y~cxville, Tennessee, dated April 10, 

1941 reveals that the HIGHlANDER FOLK SCHOOL was. chartered under the laws 

of the State of Tenn:osscc en J:J.nuw.rv '31. 193.L. The scho:;l w;,s chc,rt"r"'d - ---- -- - - ------- -- --- -----., --~ -·--.-- ----------- -------------

by llYLES HOP.Tml, ELIZABETH PJ>.V;'ES, JA1lES DOMBROWSKI, RUPERT HAL!PTON and 

:.:tdCOU~ CHISHOLM. In this repcrt the I:JCmbcrs of the Executive C·crnrnittee 

the HIGHLANDER FOLK SC!ICOL arc alse> sot out, The informntion in 

repcrt vms obtained frDm the February 1941 issue of the Highlander Fling, 

tho official publicatic·n cf the HIGHLANii:::R FOLK SCHOOL. In addition to tho 

r.;cmb8rs cf the Exocutive Ccmmittce, the February 1941 issue of the Highlander 

Fli111; listed tw~ more raenbcrs, namely, Dr. GEO..'l.GE ML\TIIEW, Prcfcsscr of 

Religion, Vanderbilt University, N::>shvillc,Tcnncssce, and JOE DCllBS, 

Plu1nbers I Unicn, A. F. of L., Ch:1ttan.ooga, T8nnessee. The names of all 

the we~crs cf the Executive Committee cf the HIG~~DER FOLK SCHOOL were 

checked against the indices uf the Kn::.xville Field Office. Ncthing of 

int:Jrest was fcund concerning ALBERT BARNETT, GEORGE TITIER or Dr. GEORGE 

1'.;.Y:-!EVl. In a le~~~= ~o the Director dated o:_t_o?:r ~! 1?41 r:"m the Mem~his 

Field Office, ent-nJ.ea ~ !'UOJ.ic KoJ.a'ticns Kcpretllilllr·ve 

fer the C. !. 0, (Knc,xv~) it is menticned that 

hn.s the of being a collllTiunist and agitator. In report c pecJ.a 

Ag8nt Kn9xville,Tcnnesscc, dated July 28, 1940, 

cntit of United Stutes 

61-22-8) 

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A- v· 

\ 

In report vf Special Agent 

dated August 19, 1941 in this case, it 

c )lllJTiunist by the Atlanta 

the fermer husband cf 

list of tho Knoxville 

Office 

of this 

the subject of a file in the Knoxville 

and is en the Custodial Detention list 

Acent , Kn2xville, Tennessee, 

October 17, 1941, in case entitled Communist Activities in the Knuxville 

F Division (East Tennessee) relates that 

has been an acti vc c oJ:m:uni d is c cnsidered 

the m-st dangcrcus col:lr.lun having repeatedly 

stJ.ted thc.t he was against thG G .... v ........ .Ul·•'-'u'"' 

anything tc bring about its downfall, 

and v:ould do 

In r·:.pGrt cf Special Agent Birr.ri.nch=, Alabama, 

h·bruecry 6, 1941 in case entitled S- Conference of Humn v:elfare, 

IntGrnal S:::curj.ty -C-, (KnJxville File Nc. 100-121) PAUL F0JBISTOPHER 

2"C: EDr:JU1D 5XCALLAGHAJ), together with ALTON LA:"I.-rr:t-!CE, LUCY 3.'.NDOLPH l.L'.SON; 

L.:r:.?J) Bm:.H, 20I ~"'YNOLDS and 1!YLES HmTON arc listed as sponsors for 

t''·:· Scuthcrn Ccmfcr;mco of H1L~lan i:ulfaro. This rep:-rt indicates that tho 

Q _ u.thcrn C:mfcrcnce for Hu .. rnn YJclfarc was founcl.cd by kncvm CG·.;;r'lijnji_u...ll'liiiiisltlisliiaiiiniidiliil=l 

,,rcscntly beinc invcstisntcd by the Birr.inghan Field Office. • 

pamphlet entitled "THE SOUTH, Assets and Needs". This pamphlet 

j_s printed by the U. S. Printing Office and the information Y/aS prepared by the 

·ri:Jnen's Bureau, u. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. November 1938, 

h:mever, it has Souther Conference for ll=n ilelfare, Room 212 Tutwiler Hotel, 

Si_rmingham, Alabama, printed on the first page. This pamphlet is on the 

social and economic condition of the South. It will be placed in the file 

in the Knoxville Field Division on the Southsrn Conference for Human Welfare. 

'Who for a long time was 

ru.<JJ1Jd!J'HJ!C'"< FOLK SCHOOL staff is now living at the Madison, 

o .t-825 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland. It is to be noted that Mrs. 

HAWES has been rep~r-~d as a member of the Communist Party at Chattanooga, 

'i' nnessee. 'i."ILLIAJ41lUTTRICK is now living at 354 Colscn Street, Gainesville, 

Florida. 

L!r. CARL ¢,n.BY, SecretarJ to the Vice-President and General Manager, 

T8nncssce Consolidated Coal Company, Tracy City, Tennessee, furnished this 

office with an article from the January 17, 1936 issue of the Memphis Tennessee 

,Tess-Scimitar concerning the IITGHIANDER FOLK SCHOOL. This article describes 

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·.d 

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the HIGHLAI!DE:t FOLK SC!lOOL as a scat of cooperative teaching and s::ys 

that Memphis had its formal introduction to this new social-economic 

form when Toyohiko Kagawa came from Japan to lecture at Mlmphis. KAGAWA 

v;as quoted as s2ying thd cooperation is the solution through Christianity to 

tho world's ills and tho article indicated that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was 

trachin~ this doctrine. The article ro~tud th~t the HIGHLAJlDER FOLK SCHOOL 

w::.s c.:st::.blishcd on a thirty-five acre plot of ground in Grundy County, 

Tennessee, which was d:)natcd by Dr. LILLIAN JOHNSON of Memphis, Tennesseo. 

'Jr. JC!NSON was said to be a Director of the School. Tho nrticle continued 

thc:t the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was grol'ling tomatoes and canning them cooperatively; thd tho women have a cooperative sevd.n1; society and that forty families 

W•"re takin£ part in the program. The article indicntcd th::t plans were being 

J;c.o.:o to ost::,blish a furniture factory under tho guidance of an expert furniture 

r.:-:k:r who has lived in the: community for ycnrs. The article further stated 

tL,ot the personnel of tho HIGHU,}!DER FOLK SCHOOL is Socialist, at least in outlook and purpose if not in letter and that all members of tho HIGHUJIDER 

~'TV. SCHOOL staff wer.o trained Christian workers. Lending the little group 

at HIGHUUIDER FOLK SCHOOL is MYLES HOaTON who is. the seventh generation of 

Hcrtons in Tunncssco nnd who graduectod from Cur:1bcrland Univorsity in 1928, 

hc.s been Y. M. C. A. secretary, studiod at the Scheel of Religion uf the 

Uni v12rsi ty of Chica1;o and Union The;ologic::cl Seminary in N(;w York and spent 

:. year in one of the hig!1ly dev~lopcd folk schools in Derur.ark. Tlvo outstandic,g nmsician:o arc included in the: pcrsonnol of tho HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, 

. L •• :.J, 1HS. MYLES HO;{TON, former Paris, Arkanso.s girl and RUPERTY HAMPTON, 

':',cr.•.cr'll Director of work. RUPEllT HidJPTON is described as a native of Nebraska, 

<:, l1is father was from Georgia. l:WcPTON sp8nt throe years at Nebraska 

W:slsyan and three years at tho SchC'ol of Sc:crGd J.lusic of the·Union Theological 

::-cc·_.nolry. HAMPI'ON eGrncd his living as a church organist while he was in 

:~_1'. York. Ancthc:r rnc:nbt:r cf the stuff is DR. Jl:O:.SS ,.,:.NDERSON DOI~ROWSK!. 

'.c. DO:.JBROV<'SKI was born in Florida with a Polish fc,thcr and English mother, 

·,: served in the Rcyal F'lyin,; Corps during the Wcrld Wnr, and was cnce a stu-

: .. :1t pastor at the University of Cc.lifornia. Directing the cooperative work 

f t,h3 schocl is 1:iss BERTHE DANIEL, forr..cr Oscooln, llissouri girl, who has 

<.c::Jt;ilt English for seven years and Hho was a grc.duntc> of the University of 

.· :....:,c curi. Extcnsi~n ,)"ork of tho HIGHU .. NDER FCIJ( SCHOOL is under the direction 

: f Mrs. ZILI..i. HAWE9fJJANIEL, graduate of Vassar and of Brookwood lab~r College. 

:'r3. D:.liiEL is nn argailizcr for the Anal[;amated Clothin::; '.':crkors of Anl3rica, 

7'.: :rrticl_ec indicated that Mr. and Mrs. DANIEL had built their home on tho 

. .. f j.jlc, t::IGHI .. H!DER FOLK SCHOOL. They worG joined in this by lJr. and 

• ,~ c: .• J:C~A"tTON v-iD cano to Sunncrfield, Ter-'1csscoe from Elsincr·::> il'!lJC~k 

,: ,,::he, also built a new heme en the campus. Ur. and 1!rs. BARTON sp0nt scovcn 

~s in the ccopcr:'.tivc mcvcrr.unt in thco Scandinavian countries. The article 

"~'t.ccJ that all but one cf the vrorkors at the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL are 

:cuthcrners and all cf them h3vc ccme frcm the ro.nks of those who must labor 

7.c live; every cne o:( ~om earned his or her way thrcug:1 college. The article 

':.::icated thr>.t FRi.;JCI~CIU:!cN, lab.:r leader end first vice president cf tho 

: . .. ;_ted Textile Workers, as woll as The Southern Tenant Farmers Union, had 

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endorsed tho HIGHLANDZ!l FOLK SCHOOL. The article continued that the 

demand for labor leaders in the Scuth bad made it pc·ssiblc to offer $100,00 

scholarships to twelve men during the mcnths of January and February 1936. 

Thc$interested in such scholarships were advised to telephone Dr. LILLihN 

JOHNSON, ?-06?9, llcmphis, Tennessee, or write tc• her at No. 11, 25 South 

:.lcLJan Street, 1~r:1phis, Tennessee. 

shoot aQopted by the 

1 Union c~uncil at their second annual convention 

in Ch:~tanccga, Tennessee, 1hy 31 tc June 1, 1941, reiternting its endorsement cf the HIGHUNDER FOLK SCHOOL as a center for workers education. The 

rcsolutiun went further and stated tl:::t any attack en tho HIGHUNDER FOLK 

SCHOOL by an individual cr crganiz:~ti)n will be r~garded as an atto.ck en the 

org:uJ.zc;d :..abGr mcvc;n:mt and such in:li vidual cr crgc.nizaticn would br::md 

thc~clvcs as cno~ies cf orgnnizod labcr in TenncSS8C nnd the South. This 

Jc.i.r.:c ogrc.phcd sheet Vlill be retained in the files cf the Knoxville Office. 

~~~mimeo- graphed sheet on courses taught at the l:liGHLANDERFriLK 

Three cf these ccurses we~e Public Speaking, Table of Rules about Motions 

and Nct.e-taking for ITnutes of a Meeting. Table of Rulos about Motions 

set out rules of parlimcntary procedure as applied to a union meeting. 

The above mimeographed course were concerned ~~th their sub ect 

m.s.tLcr 

FOLK SC!:lOOL 

that are numbcors on<c and two of a "THE UNION PRIMER" 

:?>.:.·- •eEl be photographed ooklet No. lis entitled 

"Why We Need A Union", is four pages lone on eight and one-half by fourteen 

inch pap<Jr. This booklet giv"s a definition of a trad" union and tho benefits 

of tL8 union. It contsnds that th8 industrial barons speak through 

the political newspapers, through mar;azine writers, radio com.'Tientators and 

eve:-~ pr0achers. Bulletin No. 2. concerns "How the Union Works". It is also 

four pages long and is on the same sizs paper as Bulletin No. l, This 

BookJet d:"scribes the organization :<nd Jjpnefits of the Amalgamated 

Clothing Work'3rs of American. SIII'l~LLMA:l is President of this Union and 

"::'HE ADVANCE" is tho p:.~blication of the"A:nalgamated Clothing Workers of 

America" and points out how tho ACWA obtains unemployment insurance and 

coopc.r3tiVG housing, The AC'IlA opcrr,tos two banks, romcly the Ar.lalgarnated 

Trust and Snving Eanl: founded in Chicago in 1922 :md the Amalgamated 

Ben!< cf N~w York founded in 1923. It is to be noted that tho HIGHLI'.NDER 

FOLK SCHOOL maintcins an account in the Ar.lalgarrctod B:mk of Ne;vr York. 

Under "The 11:lrks of n Good Union M::n or Wonnn" the: bulletin has 

n, r~,, ",..ing tc say: "The U.'lion w·mts members who SGck nothing for 

thc~sdvcs ~.nd everything for their fellowmen. It has ah-:Jys been true 

th-:t thea:: who sack to help the comm:m JJCOplo have been badly trcntod by the 

bic o.nd selfish interest of the •~orld. It vm.s true when Moses led his 

fellow suffers out in the first strike in Etr;pt. It was true when a lotrly 

cc:rpcnt_r of Nazareth was thrcat<mod and was nailed to a tree because he 

wcnt nb0ut •stirring up the pecple' " 

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.....•. '~?"•~"·=.-~~;~~f~f!·tq·"~~:~~;!~:~~~~~{}~~Y,;;.;~""~~·:·•·,.~:I· ... ~ -;'; 

- -.-; 
'-~ - : 

' 

. . '':'f 

! . 

Botl; booklets No. 1 and 2 nrc w.ritton in a fnctunl, scientific, 

effectiv~ manner eonecrr~ing the subject wtter and there is nothi11g in 

either booklett thnt isn't within the rc::alm of labor literature. Booklet; 

No. 1 indiccotcs that the rcnuining booklets in tho linion Prirr.cr series 

:1rc as fcllov:s. N o. 3, The Union; No. 4, Industrial Unions; The C. I. 0.; 

!lo. 5, RE-ligion nr.d the labor Movement; No. 6, Democracy or Fascism. 

This boc.kld indicated th::~t sin,;le copies of any list:;d in the Primer series 

cculd be obtaj.ned for 10¢ a copy from the SGcrotery of the HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL nt !bnteP..;:;le, Tcnnossoc; c.ny three listed would be 25¢ and tho whole 

s~rics '"'uld cost 50¢. 

llllll~rin~ographeo 

which was obmimeogrnphed sheat 

Office, and is set cut as follows: 

Hil~th 

\':crkGrs Service Prcjcct, WPA 

1734 Now Ycrk Av<c., N. W. 

South3rn Ccnferonco f.;r Human 

Tlelfar<; 

1909! First Avo., N. 

Birminghaw, Ala. 

L:lbcr cmd Ec :mor..ic ?ublic~:tions 

HIGHL!JIDE.1 FOLK SCHOOL 

M·cnt .:aglc::, Tenn. 

Scuthorn Sw-'ller School for i'lorkers 

437 Vi. 59th St., N. Y. C. 

"Ec:onoJJic Outlook" - CIO, 1106 Cc·nnecticut Ave N. Yf., '::ashington, D. C. 

"In Fact" - by George Seldcs, Chntham-Phrmlx Bldg., LGnc; Island 

Ctt;r, NYC 

"Chr.st•:r v:rights L:bcr J.Dttor", C"-rpontors I Building, Tiosr.ington. 

"L:lbor Infc•rCJClticr. Bulletin" United Str:tcs Dcpurtl:lent cf L:lbcr. 

"UR1Ifi Infr;rmati.;n Bulletin", 503 United Building, Akrcn, Offio. 

"L'lbcr' s Ncn-Pnrtiscm League Bulletin" - Earle Iildc., 7.hshington, D. C • 

Librnry 

Public Affr.irs Pnm;:>hlots, 30 R~·ckCJfc:llcr Plaza, ?li'C. 

Ohio Industrial Unicr. Cc-"-.rJcil, Rc~·n 611, 79 E. State St., C~lunbus, 

Send for cr.talogue cf panphl~ts. 

JJ;dern Ag" b·c·xls, 432, 4th i..vG., NYC - Organiz,~ti:ms can get 1/3 off. 

Papc:rs ::-.nd 1bgo.zines 

Suuthern News Almanac, 217 - 219, 23rd St., N., Birmingham, Ala. 

All IntC'rneticn.::l Unicn Papers. 

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~;.-);i 

'~. _·._J - -, ' .. --~-.":'!!'~·~ 

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~:---c:.~-~--_-c.·: 

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Scuthcc.st·2rn Ccvperntive Education Ass •n., Carrollton, Ga. 

Tho C .operative leaGue, 167 \';. 12th St., NYC. 

Filr'>..s 

'K 

Ann~t·.ted List cf l.iction Pictures ;_f Kc-rkers Groups, 302 E. 35 St., NYC 

Educaticnal Ylc·ticn Picture Films 16 rnm - Unj_v. eof Tenn., 

Exocnsion Service, .Kncxville, Tenn. 

Film Informti:m SGrvice, 535 HLarst Tcwcr Bld~;., B!l.ltimorc, !.!d. 

TVA, Dir0ctcr :f Infcrc.ation, i!E:w Sprankle tJlGf.:O, K.•Kxvillo,- Tenn. 

:'rw~trc Arts Ccrnittc·., 1233 6th /,vo., New York City. 

Dr.:tnatics 

Hir;hlnndcr Folk Schc·ol, Mcntor::lc, Tenn. 

7:illinr. R7 Sr.d. th l.lcr.Jcrid Fund, 7:crkshop Po.r.;phkt Series, 

l.L,23 R. St., r. i:., T;nshinct:Jn, D. C. 

m._::hJ nn:Lr F< l~c S:h< ·ol - a few finished bc"Jks, and stencils that can 

be bcrr;;Y.~d. 

South.;rn Stur.cr Schvd Sene Bcc.k - 437 Y:. 59th St., NYC. 

"L~,bor S.cnrs", ccm;Jibd by Zilphin Hcrton, r;;uA, 421 Atlanta National 

Builiir::;, Atlanta, Go.. l2l .o;ach in qucntity. 

!_{8flecksccpe - Fcd8ral Sta!npinc o.nd En,;ravine Co., Chicaco, -$1 

i.r'.2rican Civil llb-jrties Union - 31 Unbr. Square West, :NYC 

Amorican Laber Education S·:rvice, 437 W 59th St., NYC 

CIO - 1106 Ccnnecticut Ave., y,~ashincton., D. C. 

CcnGlL':lcrs Un.ion- 17 Uni:t, Square li., NYC 

Dcpark.ent of Ct:.l t ural Activities, Al:'.a1r;ar.:.tted Clothinc 17crk8rs. 

Intcrnaticml Lcdics Garc:ent ":lorbrs Union - 3 T:~c.t 16th St., NYC 

Sccial Socurit;r B·:,::rd 

Tini ted States ~p-'1rtner.t c>f L:tbor 

United Stnt2s k.ce an:J Hcur Divisi:n 

Visual EducJticn Pross, 804 Broadwny, NYC 

It is tc be n:t2d thot the Scuthcrn NeT:S hlr;-iUnac listed en above 

sheet wns ccnsid~rcd t~ be the successcr c f t!'lc S ,uthcrn T:C'rkcr, a cor.munist 

crco.n pub1is~od ilt Cl::1ttnn:cr;a, 'l'cnncssce which has since bccw.e defunct. 

( J(n:xvillc File Nc. 100-520) 

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FGLK SCHOOL, w:1ich 

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blank 

This application rcquiros that a h•Jal th certificate 

submitted nith it ru;d the applicant must agree to do 

two hc.rrs mintcoance vrork daily. The application then asks if the applicant 

can aff.crd t0 pay ~50.00 towG.rd the cost of beard and tuition ur whether 

it wculd be necessary fur the applicant to have a full scholarship coverinG 

expenses, PGrsonal data such as a[c, size, race, marital status, number cf 

dependGnts, parGnts trtlde, applic,nts trade, political affiliations and 

preference and what papers, mucazinos and bocks applicant has read recently 

will be required to be s~t out. The applic.3tLn asks the name cf the ort:;anizrcti·)ns to which applicant bel ones, lenr;th of nemb<ership, offices held and 

activities connectecl cc.nncctud .-lith labor in which applicant htls ellfO.[ed. 

The ap~licG.nt is also asked if he can cct his orcanizatiGn 1 s endcrsenent. 

The a.pplictlnt is th.;n asked the amount cf schoclinc he has had, whether he 

is vlillin[ to plac2 the welfar2 cf the HIGHI.U'<'DER FOLK SCHOOL and its students 

Rhcvr> hi.s pc:-sonal interest, hc1v he heard about the HIGHLA!IDE.'\ FOLK SCHOOL 

and wl::,t his plans :?.re :?.fter le,•.vinr the HIGHLb.I'<'DER FOLK SCHOOL. The o.pplic,cnt ::mst "rite c. letter r.bout his backc;roun.d and labor activitios tcllinc where 

he has worked and why he vr:ishes to nttend the HIGHLAIIDE.ll. FOLK SCHOOL, and nust 

;i vn the mncs and ac'drcsscs of tw:· references, one of which r.mst be a uni::>n 

r.;c::::-.bor. 

"l!c•w can a Unicn Plnn its Pr:crar.:t" by the 

~·:j J..1i::!.~ R. :;,. Sr.-.i th 1lcm~ri.1.l F\:n~, 1422 R. Strcc:t, N. ·::., ~·:us·~inctcn, D. C. 

Th.Ls p:1r:phlut dcscribDs itself' as tho stcry d a unicn W·crkshcp prosran developed 

by I"cc2.l 1874 , Textile ~:cr;:cr3 Orpn.i.zinL C:::1.'01ittw, Cur.ibcrhnd, 1lc. In its 

pr:face, this p~r.phlet oxphins tl1:1t the ~·;iJ.li:::;:; Hey SIL.C. th kor.cri:?.l Funl was ci wn 

by ~.Xs. 1oilli2.1J Rc:y Sa.i th in mc:-.:ory cf hc.:r husband. Urs. S;Ji th c:onated 

$8,000.00 tc this fund tc. be used by cxp<,rinental in the field of workers 

c:luc~ticm. Th3 o'.illic.r.. !Ly Smith :..:e!:lorial Cc:I:JT.:ittec vras crcnnizod in 

'1938. It lists seven \.c::-ks:wps conductGG in workers cr;.c,nizations or in - ' rcsi::cnt vcorkers schv.cl 7.-hich it has initiated or biVLn financial support. 

:Chcse wcrk shops are listc:d as follows: 

Stool W·:rkers Or::i.nizinc Ccmrni ttcc, 

Bnltim~re, lli. 

Textile W•Jrkcrs Orce.nizinc Cor;>.!"'..ittoe, 

Cw:~bc.rLm1, Ml. 

Federal ;·,Jrkcr 's Schcc•l, 

·:.·::.shtnctr.:.n. D. C. 

Scuthcrn Schc.Jl fer Workers, 

Ashville, N. C. 

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·- ], ...... - .. ,. ~. __ • • -~--:.~._.__ ~ ... · :·- ~·-·~~~~~-.-~ • ~ • .c· ·:..:--:..:.i.:.:.\.,,·~··:v.-•..;\,.· ~ .. ·• .._'j' .. {~<a~oJ~·,,.·j.rl". ·--...... ·.:.,(,"'; ·,.--:.:;;;.<•·= -;,.::__olii"/..,~-•• ~<.;li~L,..-., ... <·.,~::;-:';.:.-,;~,.·::.;._~:.';.;;·-:: .. ,~ .. --..;'·;.;·.,_·;.-... i~.,;.-..;· ;.h,.;.;· •....... ~· .......... ...:. . .:..~ 

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Sc!'lvul fer Office v:.crkers, 

Chica~c, Illinois. 

HIGHkN DER FOLK SCHOOL, 

~:.:.,nteaclc, Tennessee. 

{ 

SponsorinG Cun':Jitt<Oe for Laber Educ:otion Scrvlces 

New York City, N. Y. 

Th±s pamphlet concors the scttinc up cf educational and recreational 

comnittccs in labvr unicns; 

Reference is :nacle to th0 report of Special A[:.ont ...... .. 

Kn·JX'rillo, 1'cnnessco, ,t:ttoci June 1, 1941, wherein it is rcpcrtod tlu:.t 

L:YLES HORTON had r;cnc to the :Jvntcar:lc, Tennessee pustoffice anc'. had 

··i vcn the fcllcwin::: list of students for tho Sprin;:; term, !.'.'ly 12, to 

:.by U· 

I . BILLY c.,VI!\ESS 

I SIDl:EY PITTEI;BllRG 1

\ . JOZL lJi:.TTHE",'S 

P,t,VL r:nm ~ -1"ELIX CAILI.J::}!ET 

./ GJ.'l'l!b. Lf<E LEE 

I:J.~.ZEL B~tmrL· .. 

~ i.LVIn S~Hl' 'JE~NB _s, NCER 

v.r LLLJ.; ~VIS 

Subsequently this of::'icc cbtain<ld a r;:ir,,eoc;raphod b~oklct froLl 

C • .;w1ILBY, c' ntuininc; twenty-six jXl[<.OS 1 e-ntitled "The ScT.th Tcr.1~rrvw11 

publishc,C: by the students ref the HIGHLANDili FOLK SCEGOL Wh~ ntt0ndec the spring 

· krm in !lay 1941. This bcc;klet is c1: tho same ord·Jr as n;;e YJ1.:v: the Sccre" 

·r.·hich will be set c~t .!..n o. subsequent part .::f this rep::: rt. 'l'hl.S b :.,o.K.Le'TI 

is be inc retained in tl1c Lles ~f the KncxvillG OfficG. "The Svuth Tol:lorrcw''• 

cvntains articles written l:y thirteen different stu.lcns, v.nich arc V>Titten 

in the style of autobio:;rapf.ies i.'l vihich the ~tudcnt tolls abr.ut himself and 

ills experiences in W·*rkin.:, and. in crco..niZinG w~.-rkcrs intc.- unic.ns. No attc:mpt 

o :c b. in~· made t.:· sot cut this e!'ltirv bu~klct and .;nly so r.:uch d the e.rticle is 

r:ivon as tc i::!entify t:w :tu:!cnt v1ritinc the article;, hcwcvor, in cases vlherc 

t:,.: stuc'~nt writinc th~ article is indicated tc be radical or uses lancuar:e 

:.;su::Jlly nssccic.tGc with co=u."list, those parts of the articles arc quotot!. 

"r, cc.s.:J any Fic.ld Of fie;_ has .files :;n ruzy c.f tho stu·icnt appcarin;:; in 

l:1is ba.cklot, this cffice, upcn request, will sup;:>ly any ndditic·nal infc;rmtion 

c cnccrninc any stu·:~nt tr.:.t is n·ct already set cut. Thcs<' articles and the 

·c cudcnt~ writ inc then :.crc set cut o.s fellows: 

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Th'J J. R, v:c.tkins Cc:npany vc,rsus tho CIO Bill~avlncss 

!lillie Caviness is Financid Secrct:try, Local # 4, UCAPJ.r.A, 

-~ i . - ' . :' . 

( CIO), IJomphis, Tconnc'ssce, This article concerns the orcanizinr ::f the emplcyecs 

cf the J. R. Wu.tkins li3dicul Ccr.1pany, r.bmphis, Tennessee. 

Th.J 1:utal U:Lners J.Lvc Forw:l!'d J, R. (Jo~~ttcrs 

J. R. (Jce) \;attcrs - Intcrnatisnal Mine, llill an:i Smelter ·,;crkcr's 

1: cal # 123, Besscm·Jr, Alabama. This article concerns the crganizinr; 

c-f the u>::oloywes ::;f th8 T<Jnncss.;c Ccal, Iron and Railrcad Ccnpany, Bessemer, 

_:,_~_::;b.:...::-:--.3.. 

Ltr St~ry Felix (Bco Bee,) 

Felix Ccillouct, R-ocvrdinc SccrdL:ry, - United ~~ Construction 

.rs Orccnizinc Cc:-.::ll. ttco, local # 198, N w Orleans, Lvuisi::ma. This 

orticlco cancorr.s the orcanizinc c·f cr.~plcyucs in a pl=t nckinc interior 

insulaticn beard and rscfinc natcrial in New Orlc:ms 1 Ls. 

Alvi~l:ulz 

:~1 vln Sch--llZ, R ... c cr:.~i~L Sccrctnry Uni tcj Su~:c.r ,,\-orkers, 

Jl 10')5, 1-!c;; C"·l'J::ms, L:l. This article concerns cr:;nnizinc workers in 

~-."illia:-. D~.vis, Iul.2n~- B~..rttrr.nu D:L visicn, H:-:ticnal .l~:ri tirac Uni0n, 

c.:---:~nJ.s, TGnnuss-::.e. Ic·• t~!iS n.rticlc Davis ~\..:nticncd thJ.t i.n Doccnbcr 1940 

shipped en th<J stc~.lCr "11innc:scta11 and th:'t in April lS'41 thtc o::Lployoos 

.:- the 11 Einnos~ t~" LJ-3ct:;..l hir: t,~ c::.tt2::d thd iU7.'::rican Pcnc2 t:c"Sdlizaticn in 

: "·· Ycrk GUy Gn J.pril 5 an:: 6 an::l paid all ,_f his expenses. D2.vis statec' that 

;1, h2d cbtain-ccl his Gdllcc.ticn tlorouch ·-r~nniz..:od l~·kr an~ t.1~t hco felt that 

·.r-eel th8 r .. ·;;;bcrs cf hi3 u:1i:r, s:orr.othinc. Davis rslctcc' that sinco he had 

+,:inGU his cducatic..n an l h2.-:~ tried. tu teach his f(..llltV W'1icn r:.er.:J.h:rs what 

be; bad learned ~~ h.:J.S. tc,en .call a "~cd" an::l cnry:,,; \:(len ht. Y/O.S cut cf his 

L c!:l sc:>r.,c;one sl~ppej ~n an<· put a p~ctur0 cf J 1'\"t«lin over by bunk and 

n __ t;:--·:-·tei c:1llinc m~S. C..:.r.U"c.J.c". 

H,:v; I am Get tin~ Stark .l in the Lsb·Jr Mc•vement iff.ze~ehenna 

Hazel Bc:h·,nn"., :kcor:linc Secretnry, United Sueur ·,;,rkers, 

. .. ~.-if 1101, J,ev: Orle·.ns, L··uisiana. This article mcntic.nuc'. tt.at 

·-~'-<'·-"'iiRElrCE ca;,:e fro:: t:w :ITGHLIJIDE:'l FOLK SCHOOL to Now Orleans tc 

J:.lu.Cutc unicn Y.Jmdl"-ors iln·l \'t3.S instrtw.e;ntal in rettinc Jb.zcl Behe:nna tv attend 

~>, :c HIGHL'.J\ ~Jt FOLK 08HCOL. 

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Experiences of a Union Man Paul Berthiaume 

"'~ .. - ·- . Pc.-..J/'\Berthiaune, Prcsi•1ent, United Fe!'ni tura '\';orkors, CIO, 

Nov. Orleans, Lcuisiana. Pcrtincmt parts vf this article are set out as 

f:ll:>nS I 

"I experienced my first strike activity in the strike a;:ainst the 

Nev.- O:·leo.ns Public Service by the AF cf L in the latter p:>rt of 1929. 

I v;as twvlvc years old and was an activco syr.pnthizer, as nuarly 

evcryon.3 else in tr,c city wr.s. Quite a few tines I was in the 

r.cic'st of ricts, throvd.nc bricks at strectccrs anco p~licer.:cn, 

also helpinc: pilG bricks alcns C!lnal Streot and by the Canal Car Barn 

·~n v;hj_ch si::;ns we!'6 put sa;rin::; "Strikers' AI:'""lunition". The bricks 

wore thr0Vm ab:mt quite often and had to be ::athered all cover acain, and 

sv en, In spite ·of tho fact that pGcplo turneC: c:ut as if tc the 1brdi 

Gras JA'"'.rade the strike ll:l.S lost •••• 

li vine; with ,,:~rknen whCJ v:crc as a v.hcle sw0rn a,::ainst crookcod 

r =•li tics i3 the> reascn, I think, cf cy be inc ct m.;:hlander Folk 

Schc2l lcarnin: t.c ::!c all I can t-o help t?tc wcrkin;; class.cs, 

Tne: next txr)cr.·Lence that hc:lpc:l ;Jy hatrc:1. Gf cr :··~-..1-::,_;C. pcliticians 

"'"" in 1932 v,hvn ~ho Veterans wvrc stncinc; t:1ce B· >nus :Erch to 

r·,sr-:!.,,;_:tvn. Tho lkw Orl<eans croup cct abo~rJ sene ·empty bcx 

c·:.rs, r,:v.l :.tn :--:1t'.::>t"'t:..Tl:l frcicht J::iCl~e1 them 11p. A vc:.-y lar,:e 

cr"v.J s:ovc tl-Jcm cfL r:ell, the p:lic0 must have been afr:lid, because 

tht'Y .:.~iJr-~'t sh -v~ np ~hsre but waite~! catsi:....e th3 cit:.,. wterc they stepped 

th. ·. t2·ai:~, :·2.·1. t~1e ;.~2!1 :et off, an:~ s.?n.t th8 train r..-nay. It looked 

like h['lf t:ue: I-k1\· C'rlcans police fc.rcc vras tflorG \,itL sub:nac~ine 

cwJ.s. TlK. IJctcrJ..1S v.c.r-c r:llirchcd tc the t!ic-hwt,y ,~rl~~ te;::'.e': t,:,rv;ard + ··~•"'r 1---,,+ .,..,,'>"'! +'-.,-, ~..;~..;..,.,_,...,<:." l-,,.,,......,,..., +n ,...,...,+ +• .... ,..,.,... . ..,,...,_..:. Z'.-.11 .;,..., 1-jl"''r. V ~v~ •• , 1......1.1.• ~~-''-l• U.l\0 V..J '--.J.."-''-J.O..;> 1....oc.;L...._.t1 U~/ L''"' V-•'-.1.~ <...1.•1 .. .L0.l..;... ._ • ._ .J...J..l.l.'-' 

-.· . .l..th tt,.:; \·..:t.s) E:i~~inc 1.nd tc·l:ir:l.. tLc.n tc.' t··J.rn r,.l.r:::..:J'I·': which they 

i--:, ~·n.~. ta:.: p_Jicc.: c._u.::...C. net stjp the:1 a:lj- :1LT2. 

If the: m<.;n c.r.c1 y;c:Jen :f the labor r.>-'Vc:cont lu<'v; Trc· a!,cut the 

FIGPLArDZR FCL1~ SC~T0VI . .:.n-:: its pr~ctis'--'~ t~_c.:ro wcul·i_ b; ~'"·rc students 

P.;::)l;,,rj_nc f:>r vnr:ll.":'l<-'Lt than tho sch~..:-1 cor:.l(~ nccc:~:c"ate. This vrculd 

L: ·: tc the p:ssi\oil:!. ty c.f cthc.0r schc cl~ s·..:ch as this. E0re at Hi:;hl~::~cr a pc!'S(::-1 i~ t~.h.c!1 in O..i1C: if he has c.:.n:r a,Jility it is fcund 

fry.· him ~nd he is sh li.n he~;· t,:; u3e it. T.-~ r.....:oc: this lm·::~·:lc.tcc in 

~~:--.~:c .... tc. ficht t·'l""' st1.:f:cn shirt bvDs-.:;s i~lst.J,:.C: r:-f rc~:.inin;,: just 

c. ...-.--:-rk:-r t :, l:-3 J~icl-3~~ 'lr2unr: or fireG. nee :-r:-liEC to the way the 

Less 1'cls ..• :_:;- t:c l·J lc:! by sor::c biG r.lir.in,. interest intc bitinc 

y _a~r rv.l1 n":S(.. tc s~itc yi...ur face, as o.rc ti.~c con;.nny-ir .. citcd people 

h_:ro ~--h~ c<J.J_l +.L~~:s.:J.v~·s the.. GrurLly Cc'.lnt;r Crus~vj,ora 1'ihc-, en boinb 

tc2.j th:~t t:-,e ~elL :1 is this ~.nc: th'lt, arc bont un '-'c-stroyinc it 

v."ith8ut ~ts,o_rL.:; tc thi1:k t.hat it may be helpin;: their cwn kind t;et 

t~ttcr livinc •:a:-cs fe-r thGir VDrk." 

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I 'n Firhtinc, T;;_o Gatha J.Se Lee 

Gatha ~"• Screen Office Employees Guild, Hollywood, 

California. In this article, ~sg/Lee went to cvnsiderablo loncth in 

ctescribinr; the effect that Clau-~illiams had en her when he came to 

Paris, Arkansas, as minister in the Presbyterian Church there in the 

latter part c;f the 11 20 1 s". This is what Gatha Mae lee ha:! to say 

about Claude hilliaws and herself: 

11 I doutt that in very fevr instances has a sincle 

man, directly or indirectly, influenced as many people as he 

die\ while there and ether places. Tb;::ir ideals, opini:ms and 

pl::1ns for actL:ns we:-e shifted to a new c'lc.nnel of thoucht -

arrJ haVG traveled in that ceneral dirccti~n ever since. I 

could not b.:;cin to cstiJ;wte the number cf thc·s e people, oven 

in rr:y nm horr:c town, but I can certainly sr.y that each cf thol:l 

has contri~ut~d, in v&r~~nc deL~·ecs, so~etr~nc very defirdtc to 

tho ccusc of w·Jrkin::; ;,:;e"plc on this earth. 

";,hat set Clnu:'e 'i!illiams apart fr:m raost c,thcrs in his 

walk cf lifu co.n be explained very simply: He roo.lizccl tho.t ycung 

r-ccr.-lc 3.rc an~l h3.vc bc~n fc~r a l~nc time, ncre c-:--nccrnc:C. with 

eC<7•81".ic securj_ty, pe<::.ce and sucio.l justice t!can thCly are with 

rc~.icicn. Thc:r hn.vc faith in it, cnly as it can be appli;::!d to 

their pr~.ct:'.caC. problmr.s. Fc:r the must F"-rt, thc.y 0iti1er don 1t 

fG..:-1 ~-r JC'n 1t re~lizc that thGy have tc fu.oe rcl~cL.--n; these things rr-u~t :.,;c ft"c..;:r.~ ~f t.r.c:, .. are tc survi v..; and en~ ... y 3-Y'l: .. h~p;:ine:::s. Claude 

1':i:L~i3t:S """ on~y ~?P~ied rclici~n tc the,ir lives, b1~t l.e wcrked 

vii t[; <.Lero 2s a Lrother. Any miniGter c~n ::li ':ly pr· .. ac':l b-wtherhcod, 

tu+, t~'-8 'I,8S ;-r~u ~:racti~C it are W. litt:..e ~:.:r.; dl! f.:J•u"!.t ~0 find. -

ju~t. ."' l~.t,i~:.e1 

I wtl.: n·:· t, .---,1.: en·:-uL_.h at tho time Cl<:...u::k v.-~. s :.n P::!'is 

to undcrstanc' ''~ac he nas trying tc de, c,r to c;ir,,ct::.y profit from 

his inspirc<.tiJrJ _, ':r:t there -r~~s &l._nt;r Iit in thG '--'t:1er }JGople, 

es;>ocially "'JY ~:t.·c~.Lc~, H·:.W."lr~e, t-,_, S1'larv with m8 ~- year cr SL 

la'ocr when I b )l.e·,,. sccially conscicus, etnrt,,r' rPaJin,:, and doping 

th.:.n£:3 out fer J~:y S·"'!l:f. · 

I have '·"' ~ s J:I ;;.:··r.d that if Claude \.illiar.>f. h1:d not C·-ne to 

Paris, I •;n::.~' : ilVG be-en anythinG n:re ':;ha:1 the clefressc:d wife of a 

CC-'11 raimr. I <" 'chJrcf vre p\rticularly (rB.taful to Chude :iilliams, 

fer in t:1is r:c-:•8 l kn :v: cf nc .. \.i::her perscn -r.no could cr wculJ have 

;lit a fir·c ,,r_Jr-:r us.' CcJri~clfrace f.as wr:.ttcn n book entitled 

r Su1·th cJ G-oc~:; "h'.ch tolls more :>.bout tr,is n'ln and his work thrcuc;hcut the S. ut::. 

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I am dwelling on this at length because it was a big thing 

in nry life - indeed the most important thing, For everything I 

have done since that time, or will do in the future, will be an 

indirect result of the teaching of this man. Of course since that 

time, when I was eleven or twelve years old, I have read a great 

deal of proletarian literature, have been in the labor movement, 

and I have come in contact with hundreds of other people from whom 

I have learned things which contributed to my education. But I 

think that I am not distinguished from any other person in the 

youth or the labor movemeflt who does not vi. vidly remember how ha first 

became intonsted in those things, a1~d never forgets the person or 

persons v.•ho started him thinking, 

After graduatio,, from high school in Rlris, I w"nt to 

Los Anples, Californj_a, wi1cre I cu·c a JOD as an usherette in a 

Fox¥\Vest Coast Thec.trc, r.nd skrtcd to college. 

I went to Cilliforn;_a instead of stc.ying in the South for a 

nur.bcr of rcas :,ns. :zy father and I did not see ex::tctly eye to 

eye; politicc.lly and on il f_,w other points, and condit.ior.s at home 

·w8re no?""J.C ~-'J nlc'lSQ~t. I vn::.ntcd to co to n l:.b2:-al b11t ineJCI>Cnsive 

col~ cg·~, :.c,-,d ~.C~d to be some plccG v;ncre I could ··:or': p"-I't ti::JG and 

rr::.kc c·r""r-,;:1 t.·J llvc on v:h:ile: in schocl. T~is W.lG n~·,t t.o 1JC <lone in 

thr .>:Jt.':, cr if ::twas I didn't find wl1'cre. ';;:,.1 fc:·:,;_?. presented 

v;;:::-t.~::· ~~c-~_t .. _r or:)u~+,,,nitics than A~kansas in t"J.l.S :·rspr-ct. Too, 

I Lc-: bt;( ~~ ·_.]:,,;t:: ·ur)fcre and alreo.dy la·h..:W CL J ..:t ·.;-: s····cl.l p.:cplc on 

thE: (\ ... as1.~ :._:/i t,l,,__.t'~:.t that Californ:ia v.rcald R~:::~-T'?. --,~ . .:-:. ?. ;o::l 

rtr3.ir..i":;_g ';-"'C.:T~c:-' :i'1 i 111) youth moYemc:-::.t a1::, ·1.:1 1 ~-J:i · ,..:-:1 c:~sc 

!\.:~ .. , f .... :'" -.t, 1:-,::c·....mc: ar.J.VD(; the milij_('r..3 T: _J•~C'l .... ~~ ,·,·:--::; S9ll 

thc~.-C' J.J~- ,---,. tr·:·· .1 2.i"'-'l..nc in this ccur.t:--;_,._; t>.P ~.:-!·(·~~~-"!1 cf living 

b8C~n1t:.. J'C?! t .~ :rs :r: WL.:.S in the lllid-st uf -.....J-:at- -.;rn .. ·,c:r ;_; ull .JVE.r are 

fighting f-Y:- J _,_.,_--·s{-r ci n~2 these tbiHrs t-:1a+-. -.-, r_.;:: r·.:; ru·~:;t face 

from re,:uii .1~ : r_:l ':"J ·.:· )~.S be oks on the r.n: ;-,-'· E r. T .1 .. i. hS€'1 s:rrnpo.thetic 

but .:1t t~e ~a . .v-· -:.-- .~_,; a _!j ttle confu3cd L.S to ·rd'~:r.:. t.o dv abc·ut 

it, and quite ; ;: '•. s = l , 

I wc.s ter.~f; _+.",: ""·catly by v:atchi:1g Pnl t.:l-.:i:J.[ part in the 

struz~:)er; of tL-:.. ~.,:·: __ ~-Jnt unitms c•n th,s l~·..:st Cca~t. and in working 

v:ith a :~v; .:~· -, ,--.. -~- ·~ r: ?1:--:.;gres~ivc L-rGar.iz.:.tj_.:r.cs t:.1cre ..... 

AHr·r , "'' . ,_. c~ l-.i~hl~nd,-,r Fc,lk Scl,o'll, I knc-., be-~tcr ti.~n eVOl' 

bef~rc t'l~-" v;_,, l:,,';: ''-''~lc all over muot -.u-,i':.'? :m1 fiGht to rnaint!!in 

the :;[.i'n .,,, c _,,_,,_,.,i~ ;:;ocurity and civ-11 rigl1ts that WB have won; 

to stc.y ~ut cf t.us ir::;>c.ric.list war; to prcve!'t the grov.-th of fascism 

in this ccuntry. 

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Those who oppose us are fighting just as hard - they usc differ0nt rr,cth;eds, h:owcvcr; they call themselves patriotic; they 

ar-.; the ones tryin£ to keep Democracy aliv.;,, they say. Iliit"the 

working class realizes that under the guise of these flowery 

phrases, democracy is being destroyed. 

I am indeed grateful tc Claude Williams, to my br?ther, to 

my union, to the Hit;hlander Folk School, and the countless number 

cf pec;ple who have contributed to rcy education and experience.n 

CLAIJ DE WILLIAMS, throuch tl-,e Institute of Appli(i:d Religion, is active 

in Tennessee, Arkans::ls and Mississippi. 

My Transition 

Jcn.'1ic Spncer, Rccordiq; Secret::.ry, Textile Workers Union, 

Local # 11, Rcanok<O, Vircir,ia. T:1is article concerns Mios Gpencers' 

work with the Y. v.-. C. A. and her experience with the Ancrican Viscose 

C(rp'-.lr<lt~or.., r~c~;1~1Ckc, Virz;inia. Miss Sp.::ncor nenticned I2C·]t.:ing 

RUSSEI.VllABCOCK in 1936 L, connocticn with hor work at the Y. i;. C. A. 

rrnd the follo•viTlG is quoted from hur article concer:-,inr; RT;SSELL BABCOCK: 

"New the war J;.onc~rs cf this country arc hnvinr; t:.cir wc.y c.nd 

have c2.lled :tussell Babcock to the an.y. v.~,ere will th"''' send him? 

;,'hat w.:.ll he have to do? ••• I don •t thi~ he vrvuld thhk 

ths thin;: to de is to co across the v~_ter:J etrd kill hUi'Tittl' ocings. 

Hew do cur church3s reas·Jn Hi th sending n8n intc a bat t!.c 

field to be butchcrc::l, killed; or tc ~.sk thcmsclvc,s the question, 

"Is God on W:' side"? Russell had tau;::ht EJ;clish in Russia three 

years. He s:1id that my hune was equivalent to the b0st hone in 

Russia. They cnllod en him quite frequently tu teach Sunday School 

in hussi:l anJ he did prcvidc,d they WJuld c.llcw him to teach his style." 

The Farmer is the M::.n Joei~tthews 

Joel l.btthev:s, Car:.nery Worker and Printer, Meansville, Gcoorr;ia. 

This article ccnccrns a p11blication of a monthly entitled "The Country Parson" 

b;r a Conc;rcgational ministl.r and Joel J.Btthev;s vthich was dedicated to the 

principle .~f frc-:odcn and justice, with the fcllowine; platforr.:: 

11 1 - Gcvernmcnt c.f th" people, by the people ami fer the people. 

2 - Complete separatLn of church and stat8. 3 - Freedom cf conscience, press, speech and assemblace. 4 - Eccnomic, political, and 

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racial justice for all. 5 ·- The right of every group or class to 

its own collective bargaining agency. 6 - Equality of all men before 

the state and before God. 7 - Cooperation and brotherhood in everyday 

life. 8- Not a drop of American blood shed on foreign battlefields. 

My labor Experiences Pa~inn 

Paul Winn, Vice President, Goodwill Furnace Workers IID!M & 

sw, Wrigley, Tennessee. This article.concerns the organizing of the employees 

of the Tennessee Products Corporation at ';irigley, Tennessee. Winn mentioned 

the dyna~ting of a pipeline of the Tennessee Products Corporation during 

the strike there the latter part of 1937 and the early part of 1938 and 

suggestGd thf..t the company had planned this dynamiting in order to blame it 

on the ur1ion. VliP ... '1S' U..l'lion paid his expenses et the HIGHLA.NDEJt FOLK SCHOOL . 

'!."hat P.IGHIMHJER means to Me v;illi~dridge 

William Eldridge, Carpenters Local # 74, Monteagle, Tennessee. 

This article is short and is being quoted in its entirety, as follo~~: 

"Being a close neighbor of Highlander Folk School and al·ready 

having some ideas of what they are doing I have learned what other 

Unions arc doing tirrough·the students and toachers and their ways 

of attacking the bosses and grafters. I am sure I can put some of 

this to my use. I think all hare v;ill help put a prop undor the 

labor movement. 

I have attended the social functions for quite a tL~e and 

have really enjoyed the square dances with tho real old 

mountaineer string music and the ball games. Occasionally I hear 

a speaker, which are so abundant, some: being very distinguish.;d men. 

J.ay the Folk School still reap it 1 s share and have more of these 

speakers, especially during school tGrms, to show students what kind 

of people endorse the school so they can talk about it back home. 

In this manner more people will become interested in the school and 

Unions will send more and more students. F::.nally, greater stGps will 

be taken by Labor and wo will have some of thG pie now instead of 

it all in the sky when we die." 

_/It is to be noted the.t WILLIAM ELDRIDGE is the son of Mr. and !Jrs. 

: ·.:.:;,p".EJJJRIDQ&. at Tihose home it wjJ.l be subsequently reported that the 

'Ioung Communilli.iiisltiltLeague met. C. !to'\ KILBY also secured an affidavit from 

,.,hich will be subsequently set out. 

On and Off the Mountain J. ~.hrlowe 

J. D. Marlov•G, BrcthC'rhood of Cc.rpcntors & Joiners of America, 

~ontcaglc, Tennessee. According to J. D. t~\LGr~'s article, h~ was born 

C·YC t~1e Cumberland t!ountain ncar Sewanee, Tennessee, 1917. The pertinent 

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part of J. D. MArlowe 1 s article is set out as follows: 

"My f.1thcr vmrkDd with the N. C. & St. L. RailYmy. i'ic 

mc,ved around quite a bit. At the time I finish(,d grade 

school, we wer0 living at Summerfield ncar Monteagle, 

Tennessee on the Cumberland Mountain. 

In 1931, ~lcs ~orton started the Highlander Folk School at 

L;ontcagle; a school for promoting the philosophy 

of unionism and eduatiilg union leaders for the South. 

Our c:Jmmunity •vas small and qlite a degree cf excitement was 

cre:ated when he camc. He explained the idea of the school 

~r0und the community and mountain and soon had many friends. The 

people gathered there to hear speakings and to discuss their own 

probleus. Tcffie, one of the staff membc~s, called a square dance 

and ev~ryone had a govd time. The school socn became the intellectural 

and sGcial cc;ntcr of the colnmU."""lity. I was a. frequent 1tisitc.;r tc the 

school and bec::unc well acquainted Y;ith all the staff mor:i>ers. 

Throught them I learmd the philosophy of unionism. 

In 1933 I went to the six weeks session at the school and 

attended classes as a day student. The students were 

~rc~ local unicns in the south, After the term was over, Denham 

ALvrr1rd, vne of the students, and I wer,t to help build a labor school 

,..1il<c-Highlnndcr at Allardt, To:mcssec. Y:e hitch-hik~d and had very 

;;ocd luck~ "·:c stopped a.t Donh3.m 1 s horne in ·~-.Ildor, Tennessac and 

stayed over night. Things ;rere in a bad v:ay there; the miners 

had been en strike fer some time and pooplG v.cre sb.rving. In fact, 

th3re was cnly cne caw left in that district. The next day we went 

on ~ Allardt which is necr Jamestown, t!lc birthplace cf ~ 

~~~?~.1!· 

·;;._, had a f ne group of people in cur work camp. They were 

mountaineers, college students and professors; a varied group, 

but we all had the same interest at heart, and things ran very smoothly. 

·.-.c r::m things en a demucrctie basis, and evoryone worked eq-lly. 

~)ut cook tcok good care cf us, and kept plenty of K. P. cluty on 

han·l tc· be done. The schocl was never finished for the lack cffunds, 

The next two years I sp.s:nt in going to public schccl During 

vacaticr., I was around Highland10r cp ite a bit. They had a good 

library and I read a lot --- mostly about labor history, economics, 

~nd tr~de unions . ..• 

DurinG the vrintGr of 1936, u,y brother and I went to Knoxville. 

On our v.71y v:e stopped in Cleveland, Tennessee, where the wcd€ln 

mills wore on strike. The next morning with the organizer, 

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FRJ.¢-NIEL, we went on the picket line, my first experience. I 

was expecting a fight or two but ncthing happened and I wns 

diso.ppointed. In Knoxville, we lived With a grcup cf organizers and 

TVA offico workers. We rented an apartment and did our own cocking, 

vmshi::1g, etc. 

There, ~e carried on an educational program for the 

~·.'orkers Allic:ncc, and an crganizing c=paign fer the steel 

vlOrkers. 1'1c passed out labor papers and CIO pamphlets, etc. to the 

v.-orlwrs. Scroe took them gladly; others tore them up and threv1 them 

en the: crcund. The CIO in the lnttc:r part cf '37 organized and got 

better vogcs and conditions for factory wcrlters in and arcund KnoXVille. 

In 1940, I beGan work in the co.rpentcr trade in Chattanooga. 

I wcrkcd there until October and then v:c:nt to wcrk in Tullahom 

\'ihere the Gc'rerrunont was bui.LU.ng an Arrrry camp. I vtorked there 

until the camp y;as finished; returning to Chattanc.oga for a wile. 

After this I came back hor.:c in l.bnteagle and started to schocl here 

nt HighlanC:.er. After the schcc:l session 'is over I guess I Will 

gc back to Chattanooga to'work. I hate to leavo the countain for 

this is the only place I feel lib is home. • • • 

But people rr.ust eat and there aren't many jobs here, 

The tinter has b8en cut out; the coal nines, all but a few, are 

rubbed c...ut. The li v-lng standard f0r the m:::st part is vory lm-;. 

If nll. ths people hEJre arc to make a decent living v;hat are they r;oing 

to do? The TiPA p.:1ys $30.00 a month. There I:IUSt be scmething better." 

C. H. KILBY furnished this office r:ith a ni:'leq;raphed press release 

d:J.tcd lliy 26, 1941 at L;onteq:;lc, Tennessee, the per-:.inent p.:1rts of which 

aro s ct out as fell cr.vs : 

"Jol':.n ~enos, CIO lorislati ve rcprescntati vc and labor 1 s NonPortis nrc Lc:J.r;ue Director, flnycd thEJ Vinson Bill :J.nd c·thcr antil;:,.bcr lct;:islaticn in an address to Hichlan:kr Fclk School students 

st tcmdir.£ tho sprinG S0ssion. :'v1enty-eight full anC. part tir:e students 

ircm rurnl Gcorcia tc the textile araa of Vir(;inia r0ccived assurance 

;:,>f suppcrt inth,; ficht acainst the poll tax. 

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Among the representatives of the 15 AF of L, CIO, and unaffiliated 

national cr{;:mizaticns were su;:;ar and construction workers frOJn f 

New Orleans, boatrncnt and packing hcuso workers frcm Memphis, ar~ 

teachers, office workers and miners from dcht states. i:Ith few 

excopticns, the stuc!cnts were officials cf newly furred orcanizations. 

The rccular staff was ass:LJtcd by r;·illi~ves, reGicnal Ti.:..ce and 

Hour director; Hollis Y~cid, leGislative rcprcsc:1tativc of the 

Railroad Brothcrhovd ~nd the chairman of the TerLncssec Co~cnrre~lth 

FcJ.cration; Paul ~hristophur, state CIO sccrotary; Lewi~pe;s, 

Anoricnn Federation of Teachers, Fisk University; Y.'illin~nton, chair=n Atlantn Industrial \lnj.vn Council and meJ:ber of tho United 

Autonobile 7:orkcrs; il:;.rgar~nont, writer; _pr. 'rtD-.~~~~­ strauc~~ Industrial En{;ineorinz Dopnrtncnt, Col~~bia University; 

t..nd lilton Lm•.-rcncc, Southern LNPL representative. Pocplo from the 

local co=unity joincJ the stuJcnts in evening classes, 

squara dances, picnics and ball ganes. A ·farewell banquet and 

prorram ~ labor scncs, puppets and plays ended the session. 

l~illia•i'15n:vis, a Nr.tional J.i'cri t:ir.lc Union students was tvastroster. 

The two weeks session provided an opportunity for various southern 

groups to get together. Eighty-one representatives of twentyt~·ee national unions from all branches of labor met for a weekend conference on "labor and Politics. 11 The officials and a number 

of executive board members of the Tennessee Coo:nonweal th Fe eration 

were present. Among the officials of t:,c Southern Confer ce for 

~uman Viclfare. at the ~cho?~ ~e vic:_-pres~~e?t Vi~ gin· .. ~; the 

1·arm :r:ep-es·zn'tat1ve, ll€ral.~rr1s or the AJ.aoama J<armers un~on; 

Jose~oldcrs, secretury of the Civil Rights Committee; a."ld Alton 

La..-~rence, actin!? secretary for the Conference. Mere than a score of 

southc:irn organizers were also present. 

The suinmer term of indust.rial, farm and office vrorkcrs Ylill begin 

August 16 and run for six weeks. Mrs. noosov2lt nnd other friends 

of the school have. provided a limited number of scholarships. 

Student applications arc being accepte-d. 

As a part of Highlander's y~ar-round program, Mary :n\~ence of the 

staff is conducting an officers' trainil)g school i'Qr the Ncm Orleans 

Industrial Co~"lcil. The openint: scssioh was attended by 120 local 

officials. She Tcill be assisted by fcur students who were SEJlccted 

by the Council to attend the sprinG session." 

This press release was Si[;ned by MYLES HORTON and vlill ro rctai ned 

in the files of the Knoxville Field Division • 

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furnished this 

an er Fling, the official 

The following pertinent articles 

arc set out: 

"ALUMNI ARE CIO DELEGATES 

lli.ss BILL~VINESS, a t:cmbcr of UCAPAViA fron Memphis, and 

a stud~nt in Highlander's Sp~ing term 1941, w~s elected a viceprcsidcmt of thEJ state CIO body at its second annual convention 

held in Ch::tt:o.nooga 1\sy 31, Juno 1.· other formg.r students of Highlander 

attending the convcntion as. delegates were f4"€lair, A!)Jalgamated 

Clothhg Workers organizer_ .9Jld holder cf the Eleanc:>~cosevclt 

scholarship in 1940; Ra~iru,t ~ne, Mill and Smelter Workers 

Union, 1'/riglcy, Tennessee. Ed.~, AG'ilA, LaFollette, Tennessee; 

Zilprda Horton and Dillar~ng were visitors. 

HFS Endorsement 

A resolution reiterating the endorsement of Highlander was 

passed. The resolution took notice of the fact that HighlandEJr had 

bcon attacked recently by organizations not identified with the labor 

movenent end said that "any c.ttcck on the Highlander Folk School 

by an individual o~ organization will be re;arded as an attack on 

the orr;anized labor movement, and such individuals and organizctions 

will brand themselves as enemies of organized labor in Tennessee and 

the South". 

1·nc repur1:. of ?2~1ristopher, executive secretary and treasurer, 

sh::-wvd remark.:lblc progress in expandi,;f the crganization. \!{i1li.;\Jll 

.;.'!:urnblazer, cf the ul:.¥A, was rselccted president. 11 

11 PLAl:S I..AI!l FOR '.'JUTillS SCHOOL 

Highlandor w:j.ll hold its third annU.'ll workshop for student 

''lriters J'.lly 28 through August 9. The session rill be, jlilder the 

d~re>ction. of the school and is _b_.?.in(; sponsorud by Pau3(-Grecn, )'i"illi!!!ll 

¥']Cn.icker!Jc_c_l<ar., J~i_} Colli~Earris, !Jillo;:l$rand, ~bct:t.llx1lcutscl} and Gcncviev_m·agcard. 

-, 

THE TEACHERS 

T.:oachcrs Will be specially assembled fo~ ~s session. In 

charge of short st~ry ~n1 poetry will be ~r~<psley, novelist, 

n~q;azinc ·;,Titer, end former teacher of writing at Hood C~llcgc. 

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Charles v0crguson, as associate editor of "The Reader's 

Digest" and author of "Fifty Million Brothers" nnd "The Confusion of 

Tongues" vd.ll teach non-fiction writing, including the special 

sugjects of radio journalism and the picture story. 

Lcnlon ~Jones, formerly of the Carelin~JelaJ~kcrs and a play 

vrriting student of Paul Green and Frederick H?\Koch, new a faculty 

member of Uissouri State Teachers College where he directs the 

annual Midwcst0rn Folk Drama Festival, vdll te~ch playwriting. 

GUEST SPEAKEP.S 

A _number of wcll-kn~wn Sou~~n writers, Harry Harris~oll, Jamc~till, Ida ~ere, H. ~lixon among others, have written 

that they vall visit the school during the Workshop, their plans 

permitting at that time. 

Tl:cs intercstcd in enrolling should apply at once to the 

V.orkshcp Directvr, lco~;ilson. Tctal cost cf the session, tuition 

and board included, is $30.00; cne vrock, $15.00." 

"JUNIORS CA!ll' AT HIGHUNDER 

Twenty-three boys and girls bctwa'"n tho ages cf eight and fifteen 

have co:npletcod the sec end annunl Junior Union Camp for Korkers 1 

children at Hichlander, >rhich was h0lji during tho t·;;o weeks follovdng 

June 9. Zilphia Hcrtcn and 1\<:trgar~ryan were in char~e of the 

camp. Zilphin tnught folk dancing :md sinr;ing; Lnria'I\Stcr.zol held 

clnssus in arts ~d crafts. Tho boys and e;irls made their ovm puppets 

unc>er tho supervision ci ~on 7!ilscn nn::l put cr. Scturdny nit;ht shows .,... 

for all tc onjuy, Hnrr~sker "tauc;ht" the campurs by telling them 

n scrinl story every night around a cnmp fire. 

The Junior Cnmp, like everything elsG at the school, V'aS run on a 

cc.:>pcrati ve bnsis. The children had th:; responsibility cf keeping 

their cabins clenn, l'ID.Shing dishes, sot tine tables, keeping their 

clothGs in (;·cod crd8r and sc on. large am0unts .)f sleep nnd good 

focd allovred thc:n to carry a full procrnm ~,nd at tho samo time 

build geed h~alth and gain weight. 

Tabulation of the union affiliations of the campers parents 

shcvTocd the fcllovdng: 13 with the ii.FL; sevun vdth the CIO; thrue 

unclassified. 

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These workers' children, who came from co=nittes tn 

Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia and Arkansas, returned to their homes ~~th a rich experience in cooperative liVing. They understand so~ 

of the fundamontnls cf unionism, know hew to produce short, simple 

skits, and have learned to sing tho l:1bor s-:mgs familiar to U."lion 

people." 

11170RK Ci,MP IS IN SESSION 

Wcrks Camps for itmcrica, n~t n o~~~sion 01 ~no International 

Student Service, is sponsoring a work camp at Highlander again this 

SUlll!:lOr. The ceneral purpose of riork Camps for Ar.:crica is: 

"To provide. ycun,; men :1nd vromen with nn opportunity to do ustcful 

work and to study social issues from personal experience, to encourage 

a dcep3r individual concern for the ~::ener:ll T:elfaro to the nation, 

to enlist their vlhokheartcd support fer a 'democracy responsiv;: to 

the needs of its citizens, to promote ~~ual understanding among 

diverse economic, r0ligicus, and social groups, and to aid youth 

in the disccvcry cf a pcrso~l philosophy and a social idealism 

which will help tc carry then through the stcroy period ahead." 

The campers, are 18 to 24, &re dra~n from all religious, economic 

and social groups, the najurity comins from the ranks of college 

students." 

"NEWS Nor ES 

Zilphis Hortcn is teacru.n[ I:iUSl.C nca~n this ywar nt tho iVrt.A 

industrial gtrls 1 sumner session, hcl~ ct C::mp llirric T:cod, Sapphire, 

N. C. 

Ji~mbrov:ski made a spco.king trip thrc-ugh N~vt Engbn:l during 

April. He appe~rcd before the GrGcnficld, ~ss., Ccntr:1l Laber 

Union r.t its nnnual banquet, and spoke tw students rt l.bunt Holyoke, 

Snith, and Anhcrst Collccc. 

lzylas Horton vms cnc cf the spcak:::rs at the ccnfurence of 

Snuthern JJount:::in :l'orkcrs ;;hich met in Kn:xville this sprinc. 

A 70-r.cre farm adjoininG Hichlandcr has boon added to the 

School's property. It wa~ purchased for the usa of the school by 

Dr. Lillian r;. Jchnson, doncr cf the original site. 

The Hichl~d~ personnel has been expanded by the a:ldition of 

two pcooplc. Jo~o.yne, vlhc trained in nursery school work at 

Sarah Lawrence Collace, has taken charge of the Sumnerfi~ld Nursery 

School. Harry Lasker came to Highlander after his recent graduation from 

the, University cf Ncrth Carclina. 

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"Democracy's !lraJ:Ja in the Hills," by B~ch, is the story 

which appeared in the February issue of Social Yiork Today, describing recent reactionary attacks upon Hi.chlander." 

"THE NEVi ORLEANS PROORAM 

Mhry La~Tencc, Hi.chlancer extension director, is back in New 

. Orleans where she is in the midst of ccnductinc an educational 

proc;ram unc0r the sponsorship of the InC:ustrial Union Council. 

~wric has boenin Ncm Orleans since about April 1, except for 

the two weeks she returned to Hi.t;hlandcr to teach at the two weeks 

term. Four officials of local unions were selected by tho Council 

to attcni the term, and elrcady they arc mkinc usc of their 

HiGhlander traininc by a~sistinc Tdth the educational procram back 

hone. L'lTiric roccntly VwTote "Tcnicht I nsct a general educational co~tteo ~~th th~ four HFS kids ( apolocies to Hazel, Boo Boo, 

Bbckio, and Alvin l.nwrie didn't know this letter was for publicaticn) as the backbone. They havo alr~ady given good account 

of thernsel ves, and I think the>y are caine to be a tremendous help 

t.:> mo." 

The New Orleans extension procram began with an Officers• 

Traininc School, with 120 attsndinc the openinc meeting. Classes 

in public speakinL and parliamentary law, u_~ion publicity, labor 

history, and union prcblerns were set up, and ~;ere scheduled several 

-cir-;c.> a week so as to ,;ive all who desired a chance to attend. 

The popularity of public speakinG and parliamentary law has made 

it advis~blo in the futuro to separ~to the two, and run them both 

as full loncth classes, 

The first term~ the Officers' Trai.~inc School ended ~ 9 

, .. ~ th a speaker en the National lrlbor Relations Act; a panel discussbn on "Takin::: up Grievances" vd.th five CIO representatives participating; and a "L:bor•s Infcrmaticn, Please" ccntest. 

ht present, the New Orleans prccra~ is ccnccntratinc on an 

offcrt to help !'owly crcanized lccals underst:md and overcome 

their problens. Classes in parli::l.Iilentary law, public spcakinc, and 

ccmere1l lmion cducc:tivn have: been started for all uni~n mombers on 

b2th sides of the Ri vcor. A special course for shcp ste=rds and shop 

COlJir.ittecmen on "Takinc up Grievances" opened June 4. In addition, 

La~Tic is conducting educ~tional procrams for individual unions. 

The Inland BGatwcn Di visLn cf tho NlJU selected a small croup 11'ho 

desire to learn hcv; tc ci ve the memb~rship as a T:hole a b<!t tcr 

un:icrstnndinc of their crc:1nization. Tho class startcJ with en 

analysis cf th2ir contract. CJ.asses in public speakinG and parliamentary law aro bcinc held fDr the Transp:Jrt Workers Union. other unions 

have requested special classes. 

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Lawrie will return to Hichlanier for the six weeks t~rm, and 

we hope she will bring another N;.,w Orleans delecation with her." 

In an article entitled "A Day at the Nursery Schcol" by 

Joan Payne, Director, it is indicated that the HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL recpened its nursery school for the Sumrr~rficld Ccrnrnunity 

en illny 12, 1941 for its third~ear. Joan Payne, the Director, 

is being assisted by Dorot~!:Jomas of Swrnerfield and twdve 

cr~ldren ranging in age fron 2t to 6 are enrolled with five more 

planninG to start within the next few weeks. 

llllllllllllllltmineoGruphcC: su:r.u:-zry of the acti vi tics and a firu:.ncial statencnt of tho 

HIGHL\!JDER FOLK SC:100L for the first six m:mths of 1941. This is sicned 

by JAJ.:SS DOL$RO':.SKI as Chairman. This sur..=ry will be retained in the 

files cf tho Kncxvillc Field Di visicn and is boin: sot forth as follcvrn: 

"HIGHIJ..NDER .~T HOlE 

ResiJ.cncc Tern: Fcur~c;cn stu~_e:nts 2-ttcncle.:: tre scssicn fr:Jn 

i:ay 12-24. They represent:'"] six sto.tcs end ten labor unions. 

Fc:urtccn norc att-Jrdcd pcrtic:ns of the scssioh .:lS part tir:1c students. 

J'..l.T"J.ior UniJ!1 C.'1Dp: The cc::.np t:-rr:1 for u:,rkers' chil::lr::n Yr~S 

lcncer than last ~re.:1r' s, c.nL~ tl:r.c cnr,_:ll!.1cnt v;:::.s ln.r ~0r. Twc:1ty 

tbrcs children cf uni 0n r.:c':lbc-:-s, r~.n;) !1[ in ::.c:;c frol!l 8-15, worked 

and plnyed :.:t H.i.t:hla:oC:cr L•or.. June 9-22. lu.:,mc tho panmts cf 

the ye:unc cc.rcpcrs the A. F. c,f L. pr~C::crin-o.t:d by abcut tw, tG one. 

L~,bLr ConferLncc.:s: L~L-::.~r s I!c:n-P:trtisc.n· Le.:2r·ue held its S3Ccnd 

Scuthcrn Co:1fcr0ncc r::L the sch ... cl :~~:.;.:,• 16-17. Stuck~1ts f-~t th~ 

sprint: term had' the aclv:lnt::.: cc ..:! m.co~inc eichty-onG roprescntatives 

of twonty-thre<.l crcanizati·:ns wh~ c.ttcaC:cd, and Gf hcarinc the discussi 0ns, (h June 7-8, th,:, sch:~cl CJcCa!lle headquarters for the annual 

tri-state institute of tha American f'cdcraticn cf Hosiery 1\orkers, 

In ttc Sur.tiT0rfiel:l Cor~unity: .ri. COJT1L1Unit:,r :;ardGn wns st;1.rteG under 

t!-1c leo.~:.&r3hip 1..f t~e schc.ol, as ;art uf th·J S1.i::k::e.cfi.J:_c: C(.·Operative 

:'.hich Is carryin[; ~'n its quilt-r..akinc anC. dc-velopinc; the r....:mufacture 

cf cla~ .. p:·ttcry r..al:inc:, wovd carvinc, drc:w'in£, and drcss-mkin[, 

v:hilc chil:lron t~ok lessons in clay-nc.dclin:: nnd puppet r.aldnc. 

;, square dnncc croup e.nd a strinc-band ~f younc pccplc cct toccthcr 

we:?kly up until the opcnin_: of th<O sprinc terr.,, an·:i the Sur.JI.:erficld 

Sncrc:l H::rp Cl:J.ss held sixteen r.:cctincs, unccr the lnadcrship of , 

Zilphi:1 Hnrton. The travGlinc library in S=orfield distributed 

-33-
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~;).V~ ,j 

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fifty-one books to adults and seventy juvenile beaks to children. 

Nineteen children fran fifteen S=erfield famiJies attended the 

Nursery Sch:cl which be can its new tern on lliy 12. Fi vc of the 

n8ichbcrhoo:: fnr..ilies sent their chilcTen there fer the first til:le. 

~ss Joan Payne of Sarah Lawrence Collec8, who ~irects the 

nursery sehoul work this year, started a series of weekly 

nectinr:;s for yc•unc t;irls in the:; neichborhood, for the purpose c.f 

educnti.:n an::! recreation. 

In Grundy County: The School's new travelinG library distributed 

a total of 728 books, of which 343 were juvenile. V~eyJy distribution of news sheets and cartccns on unionisn had to be dropped 

after three months because of the pressure of other work. However, 

the school orr;nnized a class in elay modelir1c in the naighbor11LJ.G 

co~unity of La~cer. 

HIG!lLANDER ABRO:..D. 

Extension 17ork: Lls.ry h'lwrcncc, a wembcr of the HiGhlander 

tonchins staff, launched an cC:ucaticnal procrar, fur the CIO 

Industrial Union Council in Now Orleans. One hun<lred and twenty 

union members attended the openinc of the officers' traininc 

C.-.\...-,..,1 ~,,.\.....:,..\-. ..: ......... 1,,..--1r..~ ,..,...,.,..,.,.....,. ..;...., 1...,h,...,,... 'h"'i~i-,...,,..~r ,...,..,,..1..;~.,..,,.,,-n+_!l...,."tr 1!-s-w- u~ .. dlVU.J-' fl!i..l.I.,;;J.l .J.ll\..-..LU.UV.;I ¥.J..CL.;I...><.;.- .... .J....L,I. .J..U.VV.I. ..L~.J.. .... VV..L J' J."·"'.l .......... "-U'l\"'._._.,.._ ... .J .............. ' 

public speakin::;, publicity, r.nd union problcw. Special classes 

havv been added as they W8ro requcstcC: by in:Ji vidual unims, ::md the 

schcol is still carryin[ on this work. 

Staff rnc~bcrs helped Paul Christopher, State CIO secretary, 

and other labor leaders in the crc;c.nizinc work, both in the county 

and State. 

l~LES HORTON was elected chairman of the Education Committee 

Gf the State Cunvention cf the CIO hold in Chatt~ooca ~y 31 - June 1, and several other staff m~tibers attended the Convention. 

The school was a+su reprcsont0d at the state ccnfercnc~ on Democracy 

held on Linc'>ln's Birthday in Nashville; at the Berea Ccller:e Studentlabor Ccnference in March; the sprint:; conference of tho Southern 

!-fountain l;~rl:<OrS at Knuxville; the I:'.Getincs of the Scuthcrn Cunfercnce for Hur.un v;elfaro Council, and the Tennessee Commonwealth 

Federation Council. A class in music was !;iven at the Y'iiCA industrial cirls• SUr.lr.ler school at Camp Merriewcod, SapphirG, N. c. by 

Zilphia H~rton, music director at HiGhlander Folk School. 

Highlander's function as a center for progressive thcucht and 

action is attcsted·by thc lar[c number cf teachers, writers, journalists, labor leaders, ::;ovcrnment officials, social workers, and many 

other croups who visited the school during the pa.~t six months • 

-34-

James Dombrowski 

Chairron 
.' ·,· .. 

:,:>. 

( , .. .,_. 

" \J 

• 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Financial Statement -- First Six months 

EXPENDITURES 

Household: 

Food 

Equip. & repair 

Supplies 

Light & Heat 

Labor 

Laundry 

Office: 

Postage 

Telephone & Telegraph 

Addressograph & Mimeo 

Express & Freight 

Printing & Stationery 

Supplies 

Equipment 

Travel: 

Recruiting students 

Raisir.g funds 

Car maintenance (local) 

Extension & Conferences 1~scellaneous travel 

Staff, personal expens.es 

Farm expenses 

Community and 3ducation Supplies 

Nursery school supplies 

1941 

$828.27 

422.57 

194.67 

207.32 

187.03 

78.66 

$575.81 

106.89 

41.94 

37.56 

149.73 

167.03 

94.50 

$ 30.00 

315.25 

246.89 

171.50 

325.00 

Capital improvements and additions 

Accounts receivable 

l.::iscellaneous 

INCOME 

Contributions, 170 individuals 

Funds and foundations 

Other sources 

Total Expense 

$2,438.10 

2,200.00 

1,622.06 

Total income 

DEFICIT 

-35-

$1,916.52 

$1,173.46 

$1,088.64 

1,378.20 

138.68 

104.39 

19.10 

499.93 

53.23 

308.49 

$6,608.64 

$6,260,16 

420.48 
' ' 

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-~~~~~~~~~ ..::·' ,.,. ;.·- '. 

$I.i?ij 

-· 

·~-, --'-·· 

• 

In connection with the Work Camp Sponsored by the HIGHLANDER 

FOLK SCHOOL from June 30 to July 27, 1941, C. H. KILBY advised that Mr. 

STANLEJ":TiAMPTON, official of the Ten!lessce Consolidated Coal Company, 

Tracy City, Terillessee, was requested by llil~Y ~SKER 1 a member ofthe staff of the HIG:-!LANTER FOLK SCHOOL by letter dated June 26, 1941 

to speak at the work camp, however, Mr. HAMPTON declined to do so. Mr. 

HAiJPI'ON turned over to KILBY a prtnted and illustrated booklet printed 

by r:ork Camps for America, International Student Service, 8 Vlest 

40th Street, New York City. It is to be noted that the International 

Students Service has contributed largely to the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. 

The abov2 mentioned booklet and the accompanying letter from HARRY M. LASKER ... to ST.i.NLEY HAMFTON will be photographed and returned to C. H. KILBY. . 

This booklet indicates that the work camps have acprogram calling 

for a conbination of work and a discussion of local economic conditions. 

This booklet lists five work camps, namely: 

Cotton Region V.ork Camp 

Mauldin, South Carolina 

Middle Western Work Camp 

Hudson, Ohio 

Rural New England Work Camp. 

Grafton, N. H. 

Wyoming Valley Work Camp 

Wilkes-Barre, Penna. 

Highlander Folk School 

Mcnteagle, Tennessee 

A typical work day is as follows: 

Reveille 

Breakfast 

Yiork 

Lunch 

Study and recreation 

(also trips to community) 

Lectures and Discussion 

Dinner 

Recreation: reading aloud, 

singing, folk dancing 

6:30 A. M~ 

7:00 A. M. 

8-12 Noon 

12:30 P. M. 

2-4 P. M. 

4-6 P. lJ. 

6:30 P. M. 

7:30-10 P. M. 

-36-
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The Executive Committee of the International Student Service 

is given as follows: 

/Dr. Alvin Johnson, Chairman . ·+ Jr?:· Walter Kotschnig 

I

, Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach, lst V~ce-Cha~ 'Mr. Joseph Kruger , Mrs. Eliot D. Pratt, 2nd Vice-Chairnm , i Dr. M9.x Lerner , .\ . ; 1:r. Algernon D. Black i Mrs. David M. l.eV'J 

1 Dr. Alfred E. Cohn \ ,. Mr. Archibald 1!acl.eish 

f Mr. John Darnell ~Miss Fiora Mariotti 

:i llr. L. C. Dunn .......-x Miss Gertrude idcKitterick 

/"Dr. Clyde Eagleton ·, !Jrs. Dwight Morrow 

/.' Mr. A. Roland Elliott \ Dr. William A. Neilson 

Dr. Edgar J. Fisher Hiss Marjorie Nicolson 

Dr. William Fletcher \ A. Reinhold Niebuhr 

Dr. Carl J. Friedrich l Mr. Eliot Pratt 

Dr. Harry Gideonse lliss Jane Seaver !t~r. Allan Gottlieb Dr. George Shuster 

Mr. Kenneth Holland Mr. Robert G. Spivack 1:r. Ernest W. Jennes Miss Ingrid Warburg 

graphed press 

'1 p by ViiLLIA!.l BUTTRICK, 

w'i J1 be retained in the 

as follo,.:s: 

II 

•• mimeoTill1nElS6iee and drawn 

HIGHLMJDER FOLK SCHOOL. This press relea·se, which 

files of the Knoxville Field Division, is sot out 

Y~lli~ttrick 

Monteagle, Tenn. 

Ha!TEAGLE, July 28 -- The Highlander Work Camp, a four-weeks 

term of work and study for young people, came to a close at 

Highlander Folk School near here yesterday. Eighteen campers 

completed 1,114 man-hours of vrork clearing land for reforestation, 

building a pottery wheel for a local cooperative and repairing 

the commu."li ty nursery school building. 

In addition to the daily work schedule, the members of the 

camp engaged in a study of the problems of this region. The 

educational program included a number of field trips to points 

in Grundy County, Copperhill, the Cherokee National Forest, 

and Huntsville, Ala. 

Directed by Dr. James i':lltf'ombrorrski, the session was 

sponsored by Work Camps for1rm~rica, a division of the International Student Service. 

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General purpose of Work Camps of America is "To provide 

young men and women 'WI. th an opportunity to do useful work 

and to study social issues from personal experience, to encourage 

a deeper individual concern for the general welfare of the 

nation, to enlist their vmolehearted support for a democracy 

responsive to the needs of its citizens, to promote mutual 

understanding among diverse economic, religious, and social 

groups, and to aid youth in the discovery of a personal philosophy and a social idealism which will help to carry them through 

the stormy period ahead". 

Nearly 800 American Youths are attending work camps this 

summer according to the NE\',- YORK TIMES of July 20, participating 

in a movcm~nt which has been growing in this country since the first 

camp ~s held in 1933 by the American Friends Service Ccrnrnittec, 

This year's is the third work camp at Highlander Folk School. 

The Friends conducted one here in 1938 and Work Camps for America 

had another in 1940. 

.ILK prospectus prepared by the Highlander Fclk School announcing a six wc~ks summer term from August 18 to September 27, 1941, which ~~s open to 

:=>o:':hnr:-1 :mn and women rcccr.'Jilcnded by rural or industrial organizations. 

Th!.s summer term was to include the following courses: 

Union Problems 

Labor History 

Econcmics 

Journalism 

Public Speaking 

Parliamentary law 

Mimeographing and Posters 

Dramatics 

¥usic and Recreation 

This prospectus will be retained in the files of the Knoxville 

F:c .'ld L'i vision. 

' ;·~jjhod booklet containing 29 pages, -----------mimeo- entitled "We Know the Score", prc-

,_,z.r ~"' by the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. This booklet is described as the 

story of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL students of August 17 to September 27, 

l941 (Fall term 1941) This booklet will be r8tained in the files of the 

rncxville Field Division • 

-38-

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"We Know the Score" is on the sane order as "The South Tomorrow" 

prepared by the students of the HIGHUL~DER FOLK SCHOOL for the spring 

term 1941. This booklet will be handled in the same way as "The South 

To~errcrW • There ar8 articles written by fourteen different students in 

"We Know tho Score" These articles and their authors are as follows: 

Faro Boy Stepha~ng 

Stephen King, Business Ag~nt and Secretary-Treasurer, 

United Construction Workers Organizing Comr.littee, Local 198, New Orleans, La. 

This article mentioned that MARY lA~~CE helped organize the workers at 

the Cclotex Corporation, New Orleans, La. 

How I Became Interested in the La.bor 7ovencnt Barn~rcl 

Barney lJorel, American Federation of Hosiery Workers, Branch 65, 

New Orleans, La.. This article concerns the organizing cf the employees of 

the Alden Hosiery !.:ills, New Orleans, La.. It also nentions 1/J.RY IA '\'iRENCE. 

Three or Four Things About Martin Butz 

llhrtin Butz, Recording Secrcte.ry, UnitGd Construction '.Yorkers 

Organizing Com.':li ttee, Local 260, New Orleans, Louisiana. This article 

concGrns the organizing of the J0hns llinville Plants, New_prleans, La. 

J.iartin Butz w:lS l!c:I'.n_~ejltember 25, 19~~~-_llcD~ll?E:g£1:vil~E!>~ ~·- His muther 

d:!:od wh0n he was scvcnycars or-age-f-en Februcry 3, 1924 he was pbced in 

the St. lbry•s Orphan Asyl~~. which is a Catholic institution. On October 

1'727, !w •·;;:.s sent to the Hcpe Haven Home fer Boys where he stayed until 

June 3, 1934. Frcm his article it is apparent that he has had a hard time 

making a li,~g and is strong for the CIO, hc~~ver, his article tands to 

inciicz-te th:1t althou{;h he is strong for labor he doGs not believe 

in any radical change in our f0rm of Government. 

izy- Life Hcl~laneu~lle 

Helen Delaneuville, United Su1::ar r;orkers, Local 1124, 

New Orlc:tns, La. This article concerns the organizing of the employees of 

the Sugar Refinery at Resarve, La. Miss Delaneuville atc.tes that the 

sugar Ymrkcrs werw ooking 30¢ por·hour c.nd suggested that the sugar workers 

strik~ just before £rinding t~e in rr~d October when the sugar has to be 

grc~~d right away or spoil. She wade the fcllowing statement: n I think 

while the Defcns0 Progran is on the workers should get all they can get 

because ~nen the vmr is over the worker's wages will be cut. They arn•t 

f'ctt.inro anything now - what is 30¢ an hour? If y0u cut thirty cents you 

wculdn't have anything." 

-39-

12, 
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I Changed l!y !.lind 

n 

u 

Al~een 

Alvin Green, American Federation of Hosiery Workers, Branch 65, 

New Orlear•s, Louisiana. This article concerns organizing Hosiery Workers. 

Gr8cn menticns th.::t he was once prejudiced against unions connected with the 

CIO because he thoucht that it vms communisticly controlled.but that he has 

changed his mind now. 

Ltv Viewpoint as a Ylcrkcr T. ~nlandingham 

T. G. Vanlandingham, United Auto Tiorkers, Local 903, ~mphis, TennessGc. This article concGrns the signing cf a contract with 

the union by the Fcrd Plant at Menphis, Tennessee. Vanlandingham's 

article rms very temperate and it sounded as though he is conservative 

and ~merican in his views. An article that appeared in the Chattanooga 

Tir..es dated at Mcntcagle, Tennessee, hug-t.lSt 28, 1941, is i.11 the files of 

the Kncxville Office. This article indicated that the scholarship offered 

t;.r Jlrs ~ ~anklin Delano Roosevelt to the HIGHJ.J.NDER FOLK SCHOOL was awarded 

to THE9~ANU."WTilGHAM and that VANUNDING!ll.M and his wife were at the time 

of the article, attending a six weeks s~er session. The article 

further ind~~~ed that last year the Eleanor Roosevelt scholarship was 

awarded to .!'.J,rJJIAIR who is new en a southern organizing staff concerning 

Scuth::>rn llill r:orkers. 

A Bit of ll;y Life 

~rgaret Vanlandinchnm, lbmphis, Tennessee, is the wife of 

THEO V/.NL!.NDINGHAU. She devoted her article to her experience working 

for a ten-cents store. 

Ups and Downs on the River Arth~ch 

l.rthur IiJmch, Naticnal lk.ritinc Ul"..ion, llirnphis, Tennessee. 

This articL' concerns orcanizing workers en tho l!ississippi River. 

They l'.no Really Count Durwar~)lillrDnnie1 

D-.u-w:;rd EcDaniel, t:crrnan, Oklahoma. This article concerns 

conditions in the cil field of Oklahoma and the oreanizing of oil workers. 

Apparently l!cDanitll lost his eye-sieht in an explosion in the cil fields. 

A Little Abcut Culombia and !.!ysdf Juan Silv•·t.s.rcia ~""f, .... 

Juan Silva Garcia, Sccretario G~neral Dol Sindicato De Correso 

y Teloerafes, Boeota, Colombia. This article concerns the progress of 

Golornbia with social lq;is.lation, the progress of labor unions in Columbia 

and Garcias• experience as General Secretary of the postal and telegraphic 

vcorkors. Garcia said thnt he was coing to inforn the Jlinister of labor 

in Colornbiaingreat detail concerning tho HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHJOL and 

-40-

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the inportant job it is doing in the education of the American workers. 

Garcia received a scholarship for the Highlander Folk School in the 

name of the Pan American Union. 

lJort~vis, Memphis, Tennessee, wrote two articles, namely, 

"One Captain Only" and "The 'Lake Scottom1 n. The following excerp~ · 

is from Morton Davis' article entitled 11 Ckle Captain Only" 

"The progressive labor organizations of this country have done a 

great job in throvdng the yoke off the laboring class. But it is 

only the beginning. The greater work is yet to be done. 

l'ie all realize that this present prosperity is caused by the 

war; th~t the un8mploymentsituation is in reality still critical. 

And we know that the longer the war goes on the more labor will 

be expected to sacrifice. 

Although the competitive capitalistic system of the United 

Stctes works untold hardships upon the working man, I do not propose a 

chance of gov"rnment. This country fs still being run by the 

people. They se.cm to be run."ling it into the ground, but they are 

still running it. It is up to the people to unite and try to run 

it in a way more suitable to all the people, not just thefew. 

We should have a nation-wide educational program for the working 

people. They should be taught that by rights the people own the 

coal mines, the railroads, and the industries; that the capitalists acquired them by bribery, fake land grants, and many other 

corrupt ways. How they acquired them is now water over the dam. 

It is up to the people to collect what is theirs in wages, 

Lincoln said •Revolutionize througbt the ballot box•, and in 

another speech: •Every working man should unite•. The freedom 

to work at will and to obtain power and wealth has been· afforded 

every man, and ambitious men have made this the greateGt producing country in the world. Of course there is a considerable 

amount of exploitation, but that is what unions are for: to 

counteract the exploitation of the industrialists and capitalists." 

Davis then talked about working on boats and the coming of the National Maritime Union (CIO) and the resulting improvement of conditions. Davis 

then continues: 

11The C. I. 0. has fought its =Y to poVIcr against tough 

opposition. 7hc capitalists, vdth the aid of the newspapers, 

fought the Q"lio~s with all the fury imaginable. Yet the unions 

moved forward rapidly. 

-41-
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"Tho C. I. 0. has grown strong - - - too strong for anyone who 

doesn•t have the welfare of the working man at heart. The C. I. 0. 

vdll stay pow~rful as long as it has to keep fighting. In tho days 

to como it is going to have a long, hard fight. I'll string along 

Tiith the C. I. O. as long as it is condemned and persecuted by the 

rich." 

My Ideas About T~:;day Phil~llick 

P'nillip Fallick, New York, New York. In this article 

Philip Fallick says that he was born poor and for the greater part of his 

life has lived poorly. He was born in the slums of ~nhattan but when 

he was throo years old, his family mvved to another section of New York that 

was an improvement over the place where he was born but was still a poor 

section. The pertimnt part of Fallick 1 s article is set out as follows: 

, __ -. ... ~-.~ ..... _,. ... . . ~ .. 

"Until I was fourteen the bigeost weekly income my family 

ever had at any time m:.s twenty-five dollars • 

My school career ~~s average. I passed and failed subjects 

just as most Gf the others did. I did not take a real interest in 

school till my second year in high school. At this time I got 

a job selling the NEW YORK TIMES to the students. Handling this 

paper every ~y cf the week made me pay some attention to the news 

of the world, nation, and city •••• 

At this time I also began to get a crop of tho bettor, more 

liberal teachers. I became interested in labor. Cine day I sav1 two 

old men fighting in the street. I rushed o~er to see what it was 

all 2bout. One of the men tcld me the othor w~s a scab and r~d 

taken his job. It vms here that I did a very stupid thing, one 

that I have since regretted. I tried to stop that fight. 

I'm gl:ld though that there were others 

av:ay and let the scab get what he deserved. 

stupid thing I can thank the newspapers, the 

of New York. 

there who pushed me 

For making me do this 

radio, the schools 

In time I became fairly Well acquainted with the true picture 

of the struggle labor is going through. I became the liberal member cf my fanily. It vms (and still is) quite common to hear 

in my hcuse something like this: 1That dirty union loader - - he 

should cnly drop dead•. These things arG said especially loud 

when8vcr I am home. But I don•t govc a darn. I hope that someclay thay vdll learn the truth. 

-42-
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I see in this world tod~y a struggle between the forces of evil 

and the millions of people opposed to those forces. I consider 

as the evil forces all of those ~no continually try to be~t down 

the ether group and who try in many wnys to make these p0ople 

subject to the rule of themselves. In this class I include the 

Nnzis, Fascists, gangsters, crooked politicians. 'Lords of the 

Press• and last but not least the rich employers who Qrc always 

~ttemption to destroy democratic labor unions. 

I remember but a short time back the YuGoslav people overthrowing the government that was about to make them subject to the 

rule cf Hitler, and I remember too the strike lri1ich the employees 

of millionaire Ritchie's bus company called in order to 

c;et a docent staudard of living. Both thes0 acts were part of tho 

fight •)f tho peoplcs of this world against Fascism. In the case 

of Yugoslavia we s~e the part of Fascism called tyranny. In the 

bus strike we sec the part called ineqU4lity. 

The strikers and the Yut:oslavs ·were fighting for dem-~cracy, 

for the right to better one's living standards. Beth groups refused 

to be pushed around, both were standing up fer their rights, Be-th 

fights were equally i~pcrtant, 

Many r,,ore examples can be given cf pc0plG refusing to be bullied. 

The battlz n~w bsing fcucht by the British, the Russian, the Chinese, 

the victories won by the Fcr1, Bethlehem, and Republic Steel 

eMployees, the underground battle t~e conquered but not beaten 

peoples of cccupied countries arc fighting - - - all these 

are the great illustrations cf the d~tormination of the masses 

throuGhout the world to revolt against tyranny, 

I believe th~t no natt2r how lone the strug0le lasts, victory 

for the massos is certain. As seen as it becomes the pcwer behind t:1e ;:ovornment then we will havz governnent of the people, 

by the people, and for the people." 

Tho Way I Look at It Ji~ggle 

Jim Riegle, American Nzwspaper Guild, Cor;:>Us Christi, Texas. 

This article concerns Rig[le's e~~icncc in writing for various n~spapors 

1n thtl country and ~dth Mr. M. ~KING, Secretcry-Trcasurer of the Industrial 

Union Ccuncil of Corpus Christi. The follm·d.nc pertinent part of Rir;.:;le 's 

Grticle aro quoted: 

"When I finished high school I started travdinc for different 

newspapers. I shifted to different purts cf the country: 

N~braska, Chicago, then back to Kansas, then Missouri. I began 

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to realize that the cards are stacked against the masses. I began to realize that no matter how hard a person tried, it seemed 

that he could only go so far in improving his standard of living. 

It seemed that if you did accumulate anything or had obligations 

the boss knew about it and you were kept dmm. No matter how 

hard you tried to forge ahead you were stopped one way or another. 

After a ti~e I got my bellyful of the phoney setup people have 

to live under and I came to the conclusion that the only way 

to better living conditions is to work in a group and be so 

organized that you can demand your wants from the socalled bigshots that we arc forced to work for. • •• 

I belicv~ in the labor movement. EvGrybody has to work. 

No one's e·1cr goir.g to give you anything. You have to fight for 

whnt you get. As long as you're on tilis ball of mud you might 

as well got all you honestly can. You don't knov1 where you're 

going vmcn you got out of here. I believe your heaven and hell 

arc right here on earth; you might as vrell have as much heaven 

as you can." 

Learning the Score Bett~ldstein 

Bettye Goldstein, Peoria, Illinois, was born in Peoria 

in 1921. She is Jewish; her father was a business man. Miss Goldstein 

c cr·- ,,-,t.rcd extcnsi vely on the fact that 99% of the people in Peora lived 

in tn8 lower end of Peoria and 1% lived on the Bluff. Miss Goldstein .

1 ~ v,,d on the Bluff. She stated that she had never met any of tho 99% 

''cd statsd that in the Jm:lior High School they vrere separated. Most of 

t ::e lower end children went on to l.&mual Training School and onthe bluff 

: .. " went to Pecria High School. The following pertinent parts of Miss 

.:.Jdstein's nrticlc is set· out as follows: 

11\'lhen I v:as sixteen I w:t·otG a composition c::;.lled "Education 

for the Masses". I pointed v:ith scorn to the sterility, the inadequacy, the pompous pretensions of American public school educ~tion. I described r.ith cynicism the influence of the movies, radio, 

advartisinr,. These things were respected by most people. They 

o1cre considered right cnd beneficial. I quJstioned them, doubted 

their -v<:luo. I looked nr~und at the people who arc products of 

tha ra~io, motion picture, and advertising culture • 

You run into trouble if ycu question things thct arc accepted 

ns rig:1t :md proper. 1'.h3n I asked too many questiuns the last 

year I went tc Sund~>.y school the rabbi tock me aside and told 

me th:J.t I r:culd undcrs~and be;tt~r when I wns elder. lwhon we 

wanted to car17 cn crticle on social diseases in our school magazine, or an article on the defects of our educationnl system, 

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or questioning the value of high school fraternities, the authorities clamped a board of censors on us. 

I got into the habit of not believing things. I began to 

understand that the things you were told were devices to keep you 

from thinkine. I got into arguments with my fami.ly, got a reputation of being a radical. If I didn't know the score, at least I 

vms bcginrung t0 reali~e I needed to know it. 

Until ~ year ago labor was no more than a word to me. 

Considering my background and the nature of education in this 

country this was not unusual. ~father's friends ov.n the distilleries and banlc.s ar:d office buildings of Peoria. To them the profit 

of the em; lc:oy;or is a sacred right, the just reward of the risks 

of lllllilag-;r..~'1t. T'le c,mployer looks out for thG w"lfare of his 

em='loyees - - - they should be grateful. It they try to organize 

they are being greedy, they arc trying-to steal what does not 

belong to them. If they were any gocdto begin with they wouldn't 

be workers. Tills is a free country: any man cnn bo a Henry Ford, 

(I•ve heard my father's friends say things like this often) At 

the time of the iUChi!Yln sit-dovm strikes they thought Roosevelt 

should SJnd in troops. Private property was bc:ing destroyed. 

Revoluticn ::nd annrchy rrero rce.ring their heads. 1tf mother and 

father think Roosevelt is a great man but they never d;u-cd say 

they were going to veto for hio in the last election. Their 

community was rabidly for Wilkie. Roosevelt, they said, was 

leading the nation into socialism. 

I went to Smith College at Northr.mpton, Mnssachusetts. I 

learned all tho arGuments against things. I studied political 

theories a:1d cri ticisl:'.s of political theories. I road Msrx D.Ild 

Vcblon, Steinbeck and Dos Passes. I road accoR~ts of the SpD.Ilish 

Civil W'-!r and nnalyscs of capital and its by-products. Theories and 

facts and figures arc interesting things to think and talk about, 

but trunl:int: a:1d talking do nc•t lead to much action. 

1'/hil~ I felt I v;as ready to accept tho cD.sc against capitalism 

and its culture, I still knew nctlung of the Laber mcvement in 

the Ur.itr'd States. I knew that scm'lthing called C. I. 0. existed, 

but I dicn•t ;cvcn knovr ?:hat the initials steed for. I studied 

the histc.ry of thcs:= last ten ycars in France, Gcrmn.r,y, Spain, 

.hp;m, China, Russia. I loarncd how Fascism came and what it 

meant. Sc, v:ithout kncwing much about it, I knevr I was for the 

labor mvvc..ncnt in America. I kneVi I was counting on it to 

prcv-ont Fasci~m. n 

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••••'rnnJ.m~ogrophcd press release dated Monteagle, Tcnnussoc, Septelilher 29, 

1941 nnd signed by D~licc Probert, HIGHLAN~ER FOLK SCHOOL. Beth cf these 

mimeographed press released will be retained in the files of the Knoxville 

Field Division, and the pertinent part vf this press r.::lease is set out as 

follows : 

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"Sixteen union mer.!bors r<Oturned to laccls throughout 

the South as t:~" six-weeks residence terLl at the Hishlandcr Folk 

Schcol 3'ldod Sr,?1~, 26th. AmonG tho stuO::cn':.s vms Jc'~urcia 

fr•)!ll C:ch,:\c·'-"-• :~cuth America, secvnd stadcnt ~en'~ by the PanArlcric:m lhi Gn tc help deve:lcp good Ylill in the .i.."!ericas. The 

students received proctical training i~ union lsadership. Five 

week-and confc.ccmccs vrcre attcnd8d b:r a toti:~l of 156 reprcscntc.ti vcs of tk LF' of L and CIO Unions. C2nferc.nce loc.ders r.orc: 

Rich~~~v~r~l:, cduc2ticnal dirGctur, Intcr~nticnal Unitod 

Autcmcbilc ·.vcrk<.rs; Yclvcrt~whcrd, rc;;iccn?l CIO dirdctor, 

Birr.lint;r,=.; H'r,~lson, Tcnn.:ssee !!inc, 1~11 Jr.d Sr.,ultcr WcrkGrs 

rc,;roscntati vc; c,nd Alton Lnwrcncc 3cuth;:;rn kbor 1 s Ncn-Pu.rtisan 

Lcabu~ rcrr~scnt~tivc. 

A daily schedule of classos and discussi~ns were led by the 

staff, visitinc officials, c.nd the studwnts thGJ:lSclves. • , , 

Discussion groups WGro l<;d by: Dr. Fle::U.#mcs, Dean Theolq;ical Sci:"J.nary, Uni vcrsity of the; Scuth, SGW2.nec; Gccr~toney, 

F2.rr.1 Security Adr.J.nistration; Willic~vcs, recional Wac;e and 

Hour director; Pa1~l Christopht;r, Scc-Trcas. Termcssee Industrial -- . ... - ~ ~ - . '--:: ~- - - ~ ... - . - . . un~cn wcunci.L; LTI'l J"ranj9'\t.;e>1Tc.:., ::>.·c:;.a.L ::>ecurlty J:Suard. Al:lcng 

the student:. wJre hcniery workers, b·catmen, a secretary, a sugar 

refin~ry wcrkior, construction wcrk(;rs, a r,ewspaper employee, and 

auto wor}<2r, ariel. a P'-'stal employee. Living at thu school far a week 

TI3._S.)\i(o~fi, rural YWCA secretory frc'I:l China. • • , 

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F'r·"~cpcn·, N:;ion<.l CIO directcr, N.::w Orlc:c.ns, and /llle.n. 

~cuthcrn roproscntative of IiJJ,2&cSW, con::luctcd a week-end 

cmfercmcc .._,n owrkcrs 1 oducaticn. Fer the five New Crlcans 

studellt3 the) t.:rm was an extension ;::,f the oducaticnnl prq;ram 

sturted t.tc,·c· 1'cur mcnthn earlier by Hit;hbnder. M::ry Lawrence, 

cf the P.i c hi.v.ndGr Staff, has returned to Now Orleans to continue 

th0 pre crai:J 1 . .i. th the assistuncu of the students sclcct·:;d to study 

at Hichlc.ndor. Similar 'l'lorkcrs 1 educuticn procro.r:s v.re being mpped 

out for llemphis and Bessemer, Ala. 

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Other speakers weres lot!.k~mith, Tennessee director of the 

Amalgamated 

representative; 

Clothing 

J~obbs, 

Workers 

Chairman 

of America; 

Organizing 

M. ~nderson, 

Committee 

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Chattanooga Central Labor Union; Hu~n~nL United Mine Workers 

of American district representative; Bethe~dd, UAW 

representative, lOOmphis; 0. A..K'Eaxter, sub-regional director of 

the Ste'3!. Wc,:,-kers Organizing Committee, Chattanooga; 1!a~ch, 

American Fed8ration of Hosiery Workers representative; Fro~hmidt, 

Textile Vforl:ers Union representativ3; Rosan~l~e_r.l _Retail and 

Wholesale Clerks representative, Phi~adelphia; Jo~chc, C!O 

representative, New Orleans; Fra~llcn, I~W representative; 

and Edv:ar~oooc, International American Ncws;->ap8r Guild represcntati ve j Firming~""!&r~' ~ · 

It is t.;_. }:.: :. .. :. c·l ~.h.:<.t the HOMER Y.I~:::,! m:m.ti~.~:'ou. :.~1 t}.c above 

Press Release ·;.-~::- o:-~.: c.: t .. ·:e CIO organizers who v;as flc·~g ..... CL at rlarrinan, 

Tennessee. (Kncxvi:!."l.c FUe # 44-9). 

mime P.IG:1LAF1li::F. Ji'PLK SCHOOL 

dated July 22, J.•).,:, 't ~!cn~ea::;le, Tennessae. Vo'ILLIAJ,)(fn.".f'l't:EK signed 

the letter, v;hich .,.;:.~ sc.r,t (.;ut for the purpose of obtainin('. information 

concerning the activities of all former students of the HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL in anticipation of tha celebration of the Tenth Anni v2rsary of the 

School. This letter will be retained in the files of the Knoxville 

Field Division. All the Alum.nus of the HIGPJ:J...NDER FOLK SCHOOL were 

requested to fill out and return an enclosed blank, which requested that 

th~ Alumnus furnish information concerning labor activities, community 

organizations, government work, and any other kind of work, studies, 

or sigPificant activities r.cnductcd by the Altrnnus of the HIGHL\NDER FOLK 

SCHOOL. 

• •• HiGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL is pres,:..rl'~·~-~· ~ i1 t.:;,~ process of min1oogr~ hing a directory of the 

·students of th:.t .x'·,•;ol, i.1 w;lich a short biov;:aphy v;ill be civcn of each 

student. This ,'ir·e~T,c:-.;· 'l.:s net been completed L!.S yet 

will endeavor to ,,;·.~.cln -en" of these directories for this office when it is 

finished. 

HIGP.LAKDER FCLK SCHOOL 

sont out a let c- '~ , ... ~ ~ .:.eptember 25, 1941 to all its J,lu;mus concerning 

the third yearl7 :-r.·~,-,;i. "'' to be held at thc.t school from Novc::~bor 28, 

through NovcmhGr JC, 1?/.1. All former students were to be g'lests of the 

School. More r~e. :~.2;.: •rrc to be announced in three wc.:;ks. '>'his lett;:lr 

was signed by !.UF:~TEJiZEL, Alur.mi Secretary. 

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It is 

that ScHOOL on 

September 16, 1941 on "Check up" in Saw Mill and other industries. 

Reporting Agent was in Tracy City, Tennessee on September 16, 1941 and 

through C. H. KILB'l: obtained a circular put out by the HIOHLP.NDER FOLK 

SCHOOL concerr.' rc~; t.;JP te.:'.k by 'I'J:LLIAM EAVES. Accompanyi.'l,; this cil•cular 

was another c:•.r ~.:- 3:· .; .~~::>·~""cing that the regt·lar six wee''s tern would 

come to an en<. '.;·~~ '\ :::1~r:i.&i t11o weeks term, September li, to 50ptember 27 

would bo hGld so tr .. ~t 7.),n·w unable to attend the full si:r wof'ks course 

could attend the last ';1•:o mnks. The courses w.;re: Puclic Sp~Jaking, 

Dramatics, Pa::"1i1l!llent.a:·.· :.-rr, Union Problems, Union Pd:li~ity and Labor 

Legislation. T'J':.al cc.;+ :c·r t.h~ full two wed's Vias J/1.~ .:~o, l:e>"Tcver, 

a limit&d nr.:nr)· _ .. cf 2r-;-. :a::.-r;i'l::_ps v.rere availa"l-J.::J. Tf•_e - &L _,""=",r ci~""culH.r 

also announc.:_-i :t -:;_~-:-::- -;1.: :.~-':·ti.~t:.te to bu bo~i1 ~·-~ ·.he ;1lJHl.~ .. lrr:::~. FOLIC 

Sr.J.innT rm RPr .t •• , ,... ·~ • ~-. ~ l r • F _ ~~~·r--:· :~ ,·,~- ,tr <:1. rn .. i )·:,.. ·-~t.nT" _ ........................ --r- ~- ~- -..- ~-- --· -· .... ,..., ..... ~.~ ·:. ······· -~~.~~··---· ---------, 

Louisiana nn.·l r.~·/:..;·: 1--~·:.\->Jr, rnt·3r-national 11.c.Yr•):::C.1-.-:~'!"-.. '--,· . .:: t;_rc. d;..ll and 

s.,.,, 1 ter v.orke!"[' ·'" ,. 0 ~ ., s ,)pe lr for this wcek--c:1:i inEt:'.. t clT,Q. All local 

unions in Ala1Ja.7n, ··'· o_, ia, Tonncsscc and Kd11tu.cky liert. urg~c: t,o send 

dcl8gations t·' sc. ,r, t.>r Hc·ek-end. Both of the ahov~ '~'-' ... ,~3"5 vfill be 

retained in t" ··~;.. •.•. ':r.e JJ:oxville Field Offic:·. 

: r n.s he knew 

not any of th0 stt·a.:nt:> 1.:18 .1LVG attendod HIGEI.JJillER FOU .c:r: f;·JL 

i:1 the past hav~; come fro,n Grundy County, Temhessee. The (;i',:cu<::tes of 

HIGHLAND&< FOLK SCHOOL obtain jobs as labor organizers and 

th~t ev2ry studsnt wnom he !mews ?!ho went to HIGHIJ.NDER FOLK SCHOOL has 

a job. MYLES HORTON is in a position to get a man with ability as a labor 

organizer a job. In fact HC:tTON can place more men thnt arc graduates of 

the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL and v:hen all of the graduates of th'l summer 

t8rm at the HIGHIJtNDY'\ FOLi: .:lC!iOOL had be•cn taken up, HOR.TCN still had an 

order for eight labor cc ;p::,_z,:rs for District 50 o• the CIC. GEORG~ITLER, 

a membor of the: Ezc·cc·.t.L·K Go'!ll.d. ttee of thG HIGHLfu'lJER FOLK SCHOOL is President of Distrj c•, '/l c'..· ·c:c:J ~10. At the end of the summer term, HORTON 

was lookinG c.:'.•'.l ,'J 'c:t ,,c ' ~~.th ability fo;.· lrbor orgar.izors to take these 

jobs and wa~ : ,' :J:·;:; _ ,.. '·'G "•o,:le Vlho had n;.:>-8'' ~v~n Gt t~ndc.d the HIGHJ.J.NDER 

FOLK SCHOOL. '·:,._. j '"'·" "cr1.·c!. t.Jrru tlm~, the !D.CW....ANDER FOLK SCHOOL will 

hold at the er:r.:< t ._.u::in[' at Mont-;ag.:,, Tc.n1eecee, this yc::~r ended 

September 27' n:,:... "l:lc; ik:>:"t t~l'I:l will bo hold SO;Jctimo ~steT th:J first of 

next ycnr, r.li.l,1r .,, :: r,_;,, h w·cv8r, it l'li[,ht tc l1a~· or JL.lilc of next 

yoar befor::; a~.·-·:·.· t' ,,._ .. ~:;.)!l Plll bc: hold at hlcntcag).e, T'?rnosscc. 

"lt· 3C'pt.· 'r·r 24, 1941, the B<.rmingham Fic~d :·rLcc telephoned 

thi.s office __ .. ·c.'•r_:-::•1 th,ot in connoc+,j.oeJ with the st;·j '''-' ~"en being held 

against the Si, : '. C"''' ,, T'ost at Birmingham, Alab~~ he h:..d obt'lined from a 

confidenti~l sc,t'~' ., ·-~ :;.nfori!Uiticn that YiLVERT av.:-1ERD, an attorney 

at Birmingham, i.h.b~r,i.::, ancj a union organizer, T. C. McVi.A, nn attorney 

and union orgcnizor, JZA~OYER, E~LFER and H:..RO~LFo.R, the latter 

b8ing a v~iter for the Birmingham Post and a leader of the strike, would 

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d.:pa.rt from Birmingham on Saptember 24, 1941 enroute to tm HIGHL~NDER 

FOLK SCHOOL in order to present the strike to the students cf that school, 

at a meeting to be held on theevening of September 24, 1941. It was the undcrst~nding of ths Birmingham Office that COWHERD ~nd MOYER ~auld 

prob~bly make an address rel~tive to the Labor Laws of the United States. 

The Birmingham Offica advised th<:t ED HELFER and mROLD HELFER are suspected 

of bcir.g co~unist. c~nfidential 

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Surveillance of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL was conducted 

by Special Agent and the writer on October 5, 1941 from 

1:15 P. 1:., to 4:05 P. !.1., and during this time a 1941 Buick sedan bearing 

New York license plates number 7W-7463, which is MYLES HORTON's car, 

was parked in frontof the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. At approximately 3:00 

P. M., a blue Plymouth sedan bearing 1941 Tennessee license plates 4-24615, 

arrived and was parked in front of the h~GHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. A man dressed 

in khaki shirt and pants went into HIG~(DE1 FOLK SCHOOL ~nere he remained 

for the rest of this time. No other cars appeared up to 4:05 P. M. and 

innsmuch at it appeared that no rnc~ting was being held the surveillance was 

discontinuod at 4:05 P. M., hov:cvc:r, at 6:90 P. ).1., and again at 8:00 p, M., 

'the writer vras in the v:i.cinity of the illGHLM:DER FOLK SCHCOL and observed 

thot althou£h th0 t1"10 cc.rs previously mentioned Trorc still there, no other 

cars had arrived, nor were there any furthGr indic.:>tions that a meeting was 

to be had nt the P.IGIILAJiDER FOLK SCHOOL. 

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t:ILDY, as c~uncill"r cf the Ju:licr OrC:cr cf tho United 

;.r.Jorica.n i.ccha:lics, Tl'<"c;,- City Council lie, 277, Tracy Ci t;r, Tennessee, 

\iU.C instrw::~nt:.l in 81"C:!.rdzin::; n ~.:roup ccn:::istinc cf r0:)r-Jscnt£.;.tivos 

cf th::; Junisr Ort:-.Jr of hncricu.n i.~ocho.nics end cth~;r crs~nizutions 

fur t~IC puriJ~.S.; of' pc.:~n~-: n.n "en un.ss(..; vi:Ji to.tion" b~:-- the ci tiz~ns 

c·f Grur-c!:' Ccunt:' tc the J:IGJ!l.,l!D:iZE ?OLJ; SCHCOL on llcve:·Jbcr 12, 1940. 

;,cccrC:inc to l':II.BY no vidence ;res intJ:.L.a.: ty this visitc.tion, hcwcvcr, 

the HIC.EILIID::Il FOU: SCHOCL lc:l.rncd. of tho intJr~cl.iJC. visitcticn c.nr.l warned 

th·J 11.::tionr..J. Bc<::.Cqu~rt2rs of the Junicr OrL.cr (Jf i~tacric~ J.~ocho.nics 

thc.t they >DUl" b:: l!Jl;; rcspcnGible for =.ny C:ar,:c.;:e, incurrvd either to 

the 1-:IGillJ.l;Dl.;I; FOLI~ SC!l::;()L cr o.ny of thG l.lembars of its stc.ff by this 

visitaticn. The 1;:.ti0no.l E::~dquo.rt.Jr~ of the Junior Order cf .iJ.lcrican 

i.:cchanics nc!vi.s~d KIII:Y thc.t he cculd not act in the n::u.1c of thCJir 

_ -o~~zo.ti.on. l~IUJY thGn ion~oC:. the Gr-u.nG.:r Cour1ty Crus~c;.crs. '!:ho 

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1risi tc:ticn nc s finclly cc.llc"l off D.nd instec:d seven rcprcsc;nwtives 

c-f the: Grunc.!y Cuunty Cruso.d:Jrs un;:l seven r~pr·Jsentativ:;s of the HIGilli~liDER 

FOLK SCi!'~CL hac! c. ccnferonco at St. Luke• s at thJ University of the South 

~t Se··,:.r:.n=e, T8nncsso:J. J~ r~pros,:;nt~tivc in ralatinc what tock plr..ce 

at this conforoncc s::tiC: that tho •:.:enters T.Jct th~ intollicontsia uf tho 

l:IGl'L .. :D:;;.~ FOLY. SCl!lCL ::tnt.: wore out tclkcd". 

prnphlet 

})r·3po.reG. by · li(,LI: SCHC0L An cttnck of tho 

GrunC:y C0unty Crusucors .en tho HIGJlL.lill:.Jl l0LK SCHGOL" which is n s=.nry 

cc:.!~;lot0l: DJconbc:r 1!3, 1SJ40, ·~;-D.s cxm·.1incc.!. This pa..>J.:)hlct G.escribed the 

proposoG m::rch by u-,.., GrunC:y County Cruso.ccrs o.s follows: 

On l!ovanb-::r 7, 1940, Llvin 1. Hcndorsun sent a lctt-..;r a..:Crcsscd 

to J:,'LS DlJ!IlRC:.iSKI to tl1c IIIGiiLi.:IDIJ: FC.IJ: SC}l\.A.L so.yinc; tnc.t he l'rc<.tld 

L.::o tc visit tl1o schv.:l tc find cut r.twt it ;:a:; C:oinc and attc~J.:ptinc to 

(:c. :te .su,:_:-2st-Jc.~ TuJsc.~o.y, Hcvu;.:b,~r 12, 1940 c.t 7:30 F·. l~., ns a ticc for 

hiij t..J.1.c.: S3V JrC.l Lf hiS fri~l1C.S tO C:.ror: in O.t' thG Schcol. (.n IJOV<3r.lb.Jr 8, 

1940 J.·.:.~s rr ... ~~c;·:sEI ar:s·.mrud s~.yin: thut the 1-IIGirr.:~:-mzn i'"'c.,.IJ: SCE0VL 

lroulC Cc cl.::<..:. to {j.:J.vo Is;mE..1SC,!; en~ one cr tuo fricn<ls fer dirmer on 

;;~v~:.cb·Jr 12, 1_9:,0 at 6:00 P. l~. Ti·,o ni::;ht cf llcvcnb-:r B, 1940, 

Jcm: :.rcDc.uc~u;ms of the No.shvillo 'i'Gl111Gsscnn, llc.shvillo, Tennessee, 

tclol~hc-r.ocl the HIGHii~1iD:Si! iOIJ~ SCiiC.CL Z:nL: nskc'.:. "Is it true y·:iu h[;.VG 

bocn nc·tificcl of tho 1-:-tc.ss nc.rch th~ t is t.c be stc.:cC: .n.:o.inst ycu en 

Tuesday nich':.?". :.t thin ti: .. c tll2 schccl c!id net knon o.nythinc: abcut 

th3 pro:"~IX)e-.:: narch. BUl~i'IS then l\Jtl~ u. latt:..:r t!-~nt he h.:.c: receive(! on 

tlc:J s::-c:nd, frc.l C. ll. IQLEI as Secrct::ry tc· th~ Vico-Pr8sidcnt of the 

Tcnncsso-.:: Ccn.sclidatc:c! Cl':-~1 Ccupo.ny a.!ll!. Cvuncillor Ch.:.!.ir.J.D.n of the 

JuniGr Gr::cr ~f Ur,i toC: :.r~1c:ricc.n !,cch::nic3, Trc.cy City Council 11c. 277. 

This btt2r w;:cs ii C:e:scziption cf tho proposed "!.:e.ss narch cf GrunC:.y 

Ccu:-:ty Citizonr;r" ::tnc! <:. s0liciwticn fer tho T<Onnoszco.n to send a T.lO.U to 

cC'vor it. Tho sch.)ol lr.t;,r lcorr:oc! that co pbs cf these lett"rs ;;ere 

alsc s0nt tc tho lJ.lnfJville &.:.n.nor and t~':! Ch:..ttancuc;u Tir.!cs. Cn 

iicv~nbor 9, 1J4fl, a ncr..b~r of the stdf cof tho iiTGI:Lidffi:.:.'1 FviJ: SCHClL 

intcrvic>mC: C. H. KILBY nnC:. KilBY r.d!.:ittcC.: that HcmdOl"S\.>n r.;allc" ><.iS 

nc-tifiocl sf ti,G inkr.dcd l.iarch. Kil.BY r.t that ti:.lc der,ioc: hnvin::; 

cc:r..;]ur~ic~tJC: 1:i:i .. th the Tcnncssc~. This panphlet coes c..n uncl in a factual 

way nano.ccs tc put tho Gr-undy c~1mty Crus::dcrs end KILEY in n bad lic;ht 

cc:1cerninc tl-i;; }Jropc·soC: j~k"".rch ~n~ prcsuntod :.;. ro.th~r convincin,c fact 

t;:Gt the Grun,:y County CruscC:cr:: in backoC.: by the TcnncsscG Coilsoli<lotod 

Cco.l Cc:.:pc..'1y. 'j'),is pcmphlct tics up":!. ~ex, Prl3sidcnt of tho PrJ.r.1cr 

~,-.p.._,r:c.!rs cf th0 United :.a.no ~~;crk0rs of J\r.1;;ricJ. with tho Ten!lC[;StJc ConscliC:atoC.:. 

Coo.l Ccupa.ny. It alao rvf0rs to .-Jll::t .:J..rG C:cscribacl o.s Snco.rs cf HIGHL'~l'IDER 

7 cu; SC:lCA.L, y;J-.ich :'.ro Sl::ec.rs ~f thJ Nashville Tcnncssenn in Ylhich J...,IUI 

;.;c])(.UG:,L BURliS, a ro;.>crt0r of the !lo.shvillc ?cn.·,csseUJ~, C.:escrib.;s hirJself 

.:ts m: n:~iablo Te~s sc~100l teacher utt,_.n~~n.:_: souc cf the ccurscs of the 

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c.t m:r;m;.J:nEI; l"GLI: SCHCCL and wrote a series of articles 

in Octobc:r 1939 describing the !UGHLAllDER FOil( SCHOOL as a center 

for spreading of Conmunistic Doctrine for thirteen southeastern 

stat2s, This pamphlet denied that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL has ever 

b:~er. affiliatou with the C=unist Party or a.'TJ other party, It stated 

t:1<ct the l:IGI:LAI:DE.~ FCLK SCHOOL does not draw financial S"clpport from the 

Corr=nist Party or any other political group. The Smear of the Nashville 

Banner ia uhich Richard Batte, B::mmr roportcr, in Septcmb·Jr 1940 came to 

t:ontcat;lc, Tcn.'1csscc, and dcclaNd that Eleanor Roosevelt had earned the 

co1;knpt of Grundy Co1.1nty by contriouting to tho school is also rdcrr:;d 

to i:1 t11is p<.mphlct. El;:mnor P.ooscv8l t gave a scholarship of $100,00 

to the school, The HIGIUJ.!JDER FOil: SCHOOL rmnar:,_,d that JamJ~al11man, 

Editor of the Nashvillu Banner·, championed the Rupublican cause-last 

conpaign and t~1at Stahl-Jan was seeking a vray to discredit Franklin D. 

Rooscvol t, La.·ca m.u:,bJl's of tho so ;:>amphJ.Jts were distributod gratis 

to stud·:mts of thJ unioas of tho south <:nd to'JI>cmbcrs of !lo, 5581 of 

tr-w Uni t::d lJin::; ~,-;ork~rs of l.Jl>Jricc. (Po.JILr:.r Ylorkc-!"s) ~ '!'his po.mphlct 

also contain.Jd Ln t:.xc,~r;ot fro1:1 thc> Jl<:;ccnbor 9, 1940 issue of the 

!ZJII TI-cpublic, entitled "J. Gocd Sche>ol Und.JI' Firo11 • .-has 

fu:-nishud tC1is offic•J lrl th a r;:,-print of this c.rticlc in tho !lew R'lpublic, 

vrhi cl\ Y:ill bJ rckj ned in the files of tbc Knoxville Office. This .:.rticlc 

dC!scrib·cs tile I!IG:IL/I.~JDEii FOLK SCHOOl. ::.s a labor ::;chool •li th the chief 

:ru:rp0s'~ of tc.king r-ror.1ising tr.:::.dc union rn.onbcrc c.nd -oq~iping them bcttur 

to help th.:;ir orgo.J;izt. tions fi;:ht fer improved condi t!.ons for the l/OrkiEg nW!, In r.d<ii tion to this JCrimary purpo::;c, t110 school ctt·:m!pts to 

aiC: the ;:>eoplc of thJ little cor.'Jnunity ·..-here it is loc.::t.:;d and conducts 

a nursery school for pcorJlo n.cr.rby and hc.s sponsor.Jd scvJral coopcrr.tivc 

und:ort.::kines for thom. It alsc hc.s = c;xt·Jnsion division ;:hich dcos field 

'liork of scvor.:tl kinds in ci tics ncar and fc.r, This ;;.rticlc stc.tcs that 

th,;r3 l1.e..s bc..:n c. lon~ and vicious cru.:paign in Tcm.nosscc: to d')stroy the 

SCEC!OL u.ncl tr.r. t recst of the nbuspapcrs of tho cntirw surrounding terri to:r_.r 

havo rllp<Jatcdly lied about th<J school, on such n zcalc that the falsificatior;s car.nct be .:::ttributcd to en innocent misundGrstnrcding, The charges 

hav~ be :on t:1at tl1c schcol ·;:=-.s 11 coct':11lnistic, 11 nnd that it Yms misleading the 

young people. According to this :crticlo Dr. JAJ.::SS OOilllROVISKI, director of . 

t:1o Gchcol, hc.s d·miaG. nll t.hcGc ch:.rges and has indicntocl his ~:illingn<.lss, 

if it co1.'.ld be prove:! t))at the school is un-!uucriccn or is detrimental to 

thee cct'117lcmity :.nd to th-J p2opla it serves, to put c.n end tc its ;rork, 

but. ncbocly hns cv~r brcucht fonrard ev0n a frac;nuEt cf 0Viclcncc thut the 

char::;os arc true. 'rl1is =ticlc states thct b3hind the dt~;:>t to destroy 

t:-~c !!IGIU.J.i:DER FOLi: SCHOOL 1mru the rcacticnary wmplo;nrs thrcughwt tho 

entire south; tho roen who object tc tho schccl bcc::.us~ it trains pooplc 

to become succ"ssi'ul leaders oi' strong trade univns, Locally, t!'l"ro is 

rccscn tt- b-elieve th.:::t the Tcnncssc0 Concclido.t::::d Ce;nl Coopany hr.s ht.d 

r. groct deal to du 1ii tl1 th3 a~t:J.ck, According to this r.rticlo, the 

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Tcr~'1csscc Cclsolit:::o.ted Coal Company ho.s fer yc::o.rs dcmin:::tcd Grundy 

County, bi.lt iQ 1938, for tho first timo, ;;. group of county officials 

wrorc; clcct•Jd liho -rJurc not subo~rvicnt to the coal comp~y, end ilia school 

f::cul ty \~s activo during t~o c:.mpaign in suppo::·t cf thGsc c~.J1dido.tcs. 

T;w r...rt::.clo ccntinucs • A fcvv wc-:;ks aco, f0cling wus stirred 

up to Guch .:: pitcl: t:r.::t ;;. vigilant3 group calling tl:GmnJlv2s the Grundy 

County Crusaders plarm;;d to mL'.I'ch q;o.inst the schccl. If this h;;.d bc~n den<::, 

bJooG 1-roul(~ cert.:linJ.y h.::vo bc.:;n sh:;d.. At the lc.st minute, the Vieilo.ntc 

leaders no:rc p<.!r:;u~r-1eC: instc:1.d tu cunf~Jr ni th ti-.c schvol officials. As 

a rosul t of this fi vo-haur conf?re7lcc, the: t;:nsion v;;::.s rolit:ved somcuhat. 

But th.::'c is Jc.ngcr thd it w:i.ll rise: <J.g:..in; there .::ro plenty of people 

in Tunness"'" -.rlco don• t want a schcol th::t pr~p"'rus efficient spokesmen 

fer lo.bor, <:.nt: ;nll ~tcc·p to :'.lmcst anyt:1ing to destroy it.• 

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KILEY c.dviscc.! th::..t ho lm.3 hc=d txt t:Y, HIGHLUIDER FOLJ> s~IJOOJ hue purchascod c. new plot of lc.nd ancl th::.t thoy intencl to build 

c.:Lthor builc.!i:1e; c.ncl stc.toc.! th::.t if ths HIGHI..liD::R F0L1: SCHOOL dccs this, 

-t r -:· r:.!~un.1y Cc.u~-1ty Cru.so.:.!urs rrill nc•t wait fer th0 F 0~crt::.l .Blroc.u of 

Ic.v2sti::;o.tion or n.ny one else tc de anythine ub<:out th·J r.:nttcr. KILBY 

s=ys thc.t the fcundn.tions of these nc\l builc.!in[;8 will never be laid 

2 .• v.: tk:t b3 \:ill nut rJstrn.in th0 Grundy County Crusc.ders but inC:icatcd 

txt he 1'lculc.! probn.bly ba 1iith them. It is net bdicv.)c'. tllc.t KILBY 

wco...Y).t wl:J.t :1<J sci-1 corlccrnlllr the n-3\1 b:!il...:incs cf ti10 1-ITGliLt~o.IIDEH FOLK 

SCi!OCL but the inciCJnt is 1·cpcrt<Jc' to indica'00. the ty·pc of ::1ind that 

!:ILEY hn.s. 

l":ILDY y;c.s ccntt:~tctl :..t Tr~cy City, Tcnnc:.zsoc nncl he c.tlvised 

that ~:.::rzs l!OiTO!i clrivo:; n. 19!.;.1 black c:wvrc-lct, four-cloor sedan with 

1941 ;1c1·: Ycrk liccmK: plc.tcs. It •ms lc.tcr <:.scorkinc:: tlwt the numb"r 

cf th:!so plni:.es is 7W-7463. I~ILEY .furti1;:r ::L-.ri.::..-o~ th~ t thG Yo1:ng 

r ' .. u.::'.st LOCl[;UO r.-.cL:b'3rship boo!~ t\c.t he he..' cbtc.ir,c-:: in thll c"urse of 

:_:Tv··.;st:..ec.ticn c::r.1e frvu tLc Lo::..1c c:f Priest l_,fcel:s, Lcr.te.:1glO, Tennessee. 

[JLJY hnC: nvt c~nt~ctoC: Priest l~eel.:s bcc~usu kJ~ks is v ~ry old c.ncJ. 

Eve::! in tl'~ vicir ..ity of tt:c !I:LG::Lt,I;rJ:C.~ FOLK SCHOOL :mel IG:LBY fJlt tlmt 

Jw T/Cult.: be nfi'n.iC.. to tulk. This Yc:u...~c cc.::r.runict J~0~:ue mcr.1borship 

bcuk \ICJ.<: ci.Jto.;;.nec~ f.)r ;:II.:SY free·, the hwc of Pries'.. JJ.::eks b;r a nan by 

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th.J n::u1c of Schriver, 1'/ho forr.:<.lrly lived at l.Jont<la~;le, Tunncssoe, but 

h~s sinco r.1~-v~d. This Ycunt; Comr.mnist Lc.:.Guc IJCtlb-..:rship book is presently 

in tb2 pcssos:;ic•r; of tlte I:noxville Fidel Offic~ am! >~ill be ret<:.inc;l in 

the r:n;.xvillc File cnti tlc(:, Youne Co:Jnuuist Laa:;ue, Vocrhis J.ct, 

(Kn.xvil.L Fila No. 102-5). This ncnb'-'rship b10ok is N:-. R-305 unc: was 

issue:;; en :.u;;ust 1, 1935 tc, llc,ntuuglc, Tennessee, whcse 

~...-ccup.:-.~.ticn is lit~teC J.B :J. f~!1.1er. Tl1<:1rc is a not~tir::.·t, en the T.lonborship 

beck the. t tl1J pm·sm tc nhcr; this bc-oi~ wc.s issuuC: joined the YCL in 1935. 

Tho r.1c:-:1borship b~... ck vra~ si~;n-..:c, by Fr::..u_l~.G1JT:i.J" :...s j)is-t.:ri ct Ore.J.niz..:;!r fwr 

1-hc Ycl!ni3 Ccr;J_,unist LJ~cuo, u.n·~ thc:r:J vmc aJl ac:r~3sicn str.~ap for 5¢ 

:..tt.:~.chvd to the ne::1b~rship buc~ hotmv.Jr, th.:::re u~.rc nr:: starrps indicc.tinc nc;:-.;J:rcJ·~ips lfCrl.l paj C.. 

KILB'l h~s ~-:D(·Jn thirty-t\TC affi.~::.vits fr-~;;, vt.ricus people 

cc;J.ccrnin; t~c:: liTG!{l;,:mz:t F'OLh SC!LOL, t:d.rty ~f -,fhich !mV3 bocn sit;ncd 

::.r,C: su~rn tc bofe-r') u not'-T'J pfulic. YILBY hc.c! t;lr~~ copies ;)f cuch 

:...ffic.:c.vi t r..~~c .:J.nC. h~:J r:ror .. isC,;;d t·:.·· furr-...ish tLis cfficc with one copy of 

cc~c:·1 o.ffi;lr.vit. If ti1is l.s c!c:~c:, they 1vi.ll L:; rotc.itl'~d in the files of 

i..h·:::: L!l::.:z:v·illu Office. The portj_n-J:1t ~x.:.rt:.; ·:..1' tLcs(;; 3.ffiC.[!vi ts, applicable 

tl tLc I:IGI:L·~IIDLh FGLK SCEOOL, ~.rc set cut .:.n follvr;s: 

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4-750 <2-7-791 ' ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. On<· or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~ / Deleted under excmption(s) ,_fj-_ 

IJ 1_(_;J ,IJ 

~Jj)-T-----"-'-7 -~E ____ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Information pertained only to a third part)· with no rderence to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party. Your nanll' is listed in the title only. 

t_.l Document(s) originating with the following govemnH'flt ag(~ncy(ies) 

---------------- ___ . was/wPrc forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl' following go\'Prnment agency(ies); 

_____ as th<> information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material tn the FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reasonlsl: 

.F'or your infonnation: 

~·T::following number is to be used for refPn·nce .rt'garding .these pages: 

fd l- ? 51 I - '1 ~ 7-f2-L1,;;, L~__l Ci,__o;bL_________ _ 

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xNO DUPLICATION FEE* 

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FBI/OOJ 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART30F7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 

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s,e.-r;ol'1 j.. 0 f II Sec.fi'onS 

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-~·- '! '_' ' TEl:l:l:SSXZ 61-34 MEN· THI. CASE ORIGINA-r.D AT 

DAft WHDI MADI: 

l-8-42 

Tm..< 

PIDtlOD POit 

WHICH NADI: 

12-19,-41 

P'ILIE NO. 

C1riGRLAJ.;IJER FOLK SCHOOL IUTERr.AL SECURifi - C 

SYNOPSIS OF FACT8: 

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·;oi'Il3s DEi'l'.RO'fE~ 

~a APR 25 196( 

Ter~essee, advises JOSAPR TOCXfON 

born P.nd raised in the vicir.it;• o Allardt, 

Te:.nessee l)nd is P. far,er, joining So- . 

cie.li st Part;r in 1934, and c.l thou.:;h not 

a founder gave so"e of his lend to the 

li1Ghl~nder Folk School to erect building, 

e.bo'.1t six r.10nths later· becomir.:t; disgusted wit:, their behavior, asking them to 

le~ve, where\.1:-oon the school estnblished 

itself at ~;onteagle, Tenneuee. STCCKTOI>I.S 

wife ran for Governor of TeLLessee in 1936 .. on the Socialist ticket. Since STOC~QN 

~ sked the school to leave, his nail bas -·. · 

decreased to only personal mail, but he 

used to receive American Guardian. STOC~ON 

hr.s, u:pon mar.y occesio:cs stcted he wae 

friendly teward Rttssia, but is not disseniJW.tinc literc.ture or propa.sand.a, is 

not forceful er.ou.,;;h to ant~onize people 

in that vicinity and is not believed to be .-: 

er<(;aged in unA::lericc.n activities~ Nq 

crininal record Fentress Count"'• Tennessee. 

F~i:::P..::i.:CE: Re;:cort of Specie! AGent 

Men:.ohis, Tennessee dnted 

2 :~42 

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"-.} II M ~I -..~ 

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DETAILS; ~- "'.-~ •. ~-- - . - _V':' 

""'J~l...-u'J.< was born and raised in Allardt, Tennessee 

~nd further that be had lived in that vicinity all of 

his life. 

inforoed 'that STOC!G'ol;•s wife wae, . 

to the best of his understandinG, born iL California but 

she, too, had lived practically ell of her li#e in the ' 

viciLity of Allardt, Tenr.essee. The writer was further 

F. dvised t:W.t STCCl."TON has al\reys been a farmer in that 

vicinity and in 1934 he joined the Socialist Party. ·-

. advised tLat at this t~e STCCKTOli received considerable meil in connection witc the Socialist Party. 

..... further stated that Allardt i:S''lUl >-r'~· 

extremely small town, te.ki!l€ in a postal radius of ·· 

approximately eight miles and serving some eight hundred 

ferners. STOCKTON, d•1ring the year 1934 contacted quite 

E number of these farmers with the inteLtion of forming 

e. cooperative store in that vicinity but was· unsuccessful 

in gettillb such a store organized. 

advised the ~riter that it was along 

abo·J.t the s<JJ:e time that STOCKTOli: agreed to give the 

Highlander Folk School some of his fa land for the 

p~rpose of erecting school buildi thereon. -

st~ted that the founders of this .ool, to_ihe_~est of 

h~ s bw.leC£ ,_ cor,sisted of 1.:YLIS .:c3:T6f, _:_:E:J:.JZ.A.BETH 

-'1iJ.u:t:s, \J:;;:zs, i·::BRO\lSKI, R'c"FE?.~. :Pei6N and ).:;.LCQII.f 

-4:E1SHOLl·f. further stat d that he kl:ew definitel.T • thet STOCR'l'Oli vas not r. four.der of the above scl:ool e.nd 

thd in nll probe.bili ty STOCETOl\ we.s contncted by PETER 

""HCP.CCO,r or :00!3P.011SKI ~1ho 1 s connected with the Socinli st P~rt:.r. 

···~ stc.ted that the r.bove nentioned per•ons 

ct>=•e to Allr>.rdt er,c( there st.c.rted erecting r. b1:ildir-b on 

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STOCKTON• S farm, which they intend.ed t_o use as a school. 

sc.id the t 'these ir.d.i vidue.ls, while they were bt · 

Allardt, >rere doi~ the actual labor on this 'buildiz:& . · thecselves, and were living on the pr,einiBes. . ' ._ .... •' '. ' 

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Besides the above mentioned persons, \here-1" . 

were two or possibly three other women, whose names he 

did not kn~\-:, whose :tlE'.mes he did not know, who were also· 

living on the STOCKTOPS farm end. also that ELIZ.Am:TR 

·.·,'II''. · .. _·_· .. - . .. . .. _:· -~· . ~ .. 

HX:ES had cr.rried an organizer for the CIO Hosier.r Workers • 

••• ,did not know the nace of this CIO orgEttuzer, 

tlllllll,further advised the-writer that 

'after the c.bove mentioned people hcd been on STO_CKTOIJ' 1S 

faro for a~proximately six months, he asked them to 

leave because they were living with each other•s wi~es 

and one of them, Just which one he did not know, yae · 

lh"in:: Hith the wife of one of STOCKTOK 1 S hired hands • 

..... advised. it ,.,t.s after t!:is that the 

rbove nentioned persons p~oceeded to Monteagle, 'fennessee 

and erected a school there, adding it was his understanding that they were presently eiJgaged in the operation 

of this school. 

·· further stated that ir. his' opinion\ 

this school w~.s composed entirely of Col!lr.lunists and. he • 

was surp:-! sed. to read in or.e or the newspapers that KRS. ·. 

FRJJ..1.LI1>: D. RDCS:EVELT had given money to1-:crd the support 

of this institution. Re said it was his understanding ·' 

that it we.s the purpose of this school to teach labor 

orc~.nizers and added thE.t d;:.ring the tice the;r were at 

AllarC.t they did very little of E.JJ,vtbing end spent most 

of tlleir time on.the ou:tside of the buildin.:;.with fe>J · 

clothes on. _, -" 

•••• snid it wc.s his opinion that STOCKTON 

vc s not n founC.er or orgaJcizer of this school, but beil'€ 

E. very &enerous individnal 'ms onl.v trring to hel:? then 

c r,d str"rted. by civir.,: then' c place to erect the necessary 

Ec:.ool builc".ir'6. The \.'l'i ter vr s :f·c:.rther e.c'vO.sed that 

S'r·CCET01: 1 S wL:"e rr.L for tl·.e Governor of the Skte of 

'J:·erilceesce !.rc 19;:;G OL t:oe Socit.list tic::et and that 

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both STOCXTOl: ~nd )lis wife ·.had. eontkcted :,.e.i-iotis.inii:..·· >·.~;~:<'~;.-t.: . / < 

vidw.ls c.round Allardt requesting the.t they attend an . ~- , ··· · . '· 

eddrese being given b1 EARL ~ROWDER • 

. . ----- ~--~-1.111!1.~-~- ~ur~her et:-:e~ i:_wc.~ o~ _:ast _w!ek t!W.t ::;:ro~KTOJ, told him ne wes "I-r1enC111 'towero. .11uss1a" 

e.nd adviaed the writer that although he coul._d -> .. not ·re:Jember. an,y direct quotation made by STOCKTON, with~>­

the above exce7tion, that STCCI:rOK gave him the impression 

thc.t he thought the Russian system of Government was good. ' 

•••• said t:-.et STOCXTO": hP.d on numerolU 

occasions tried to ,set him to rec.d books on Russia and 

r~vised t~et the only one he could remember was a book 

\··ri tten by a former Lieutenant-ConLJc.nC.er of the United 

States ~avy by t~e Lame of SEALEY. 

tll•ll• advised the writer that at the 

;~esent and for the 7ast two years or eo, STOCKTON. 

l::.es received only persoEal mril, whereas he used to 

:·et a let of 1iterdure of e Socialistic: nature, the 

-: 

' .. , / .. ·-··· 

o::J.l:• one of \kich could reme:.ber was e. :paper by 

the =e of ".A.-.1erican Gu.e.rdian" ~;l:ich is p'.lbli shed at · ·" 

Ok:lrl:orJG.. City, Oklal" .. oi:le.. / 

T;:e uri ter \·.-es further advised that STOCITON , 

does Mt have £n,y meetings 1;\t his house ancl he.s never been·, 

heard to mcke, to the beat of kno\ded.ge, an,Y un- ' 

Auerican statements. 

described STCC~Oh as follows: 

tame 

.ldd.ress 

Age 

Hefght 

Weight 

'lnild 

Heir 

li:;ce S 

Com:.;>lexion 

Occu)~-tion 

Politicel c£filiations 

Scc.rs cTJO r:..c.rks 

l:etior.r-11 ty 

·- ·- .-,. . ..---..-

4 

JOSEPH KELLEY STOCKTON 

Allardt, Tennessee 

66 

sran 

225 

.Stout 

llrown - bald 

U~own 

liuddy 

Farner 

Soc1el1 st ;.oert;r 

l:one noticeable 

kJeri can 

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described MP.S, JOSEPH~ , .. ,. ic~~:,_:_·:; __ ~. c.s follot:s: c• 1 V, 

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!rennessee · ,; . <1 .,.,, ,. -· ~ ~- ..... •. · .. J.llardt, 

-;·&0 ~· 

.lddreas 

At;e 

:Ieight srs• - 115 

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Weight 

Build 

Hair 

Ey-es 

Com':'lexion 

I. 

Polftical affiliations 

.- Sla-. , -- - · 

:Blond • 

.:Blue ·,.-

Light ... 

Socialist 

~~-~===~e:~dvised the \<riter t:-dat· in h~s opi~ion 4 11!11!1111!1 .. me!llber 

of t~e ~erican Legion, whose ather he.d lived in that 

town all of his life and whose loyalty to his countr,rwae 

unquestioned, be contacted for edditionel inforQation · 

concernir.g STCCKTOl\, 

~~IIIJ Awerican Legion 

me:::ber, upon contact E-t the Post Office advised-that .....•. 

while the above mentioned school was carrying on in All&rdt. 

Tennessee a number of the persons coru.ected therev1i th would 

F.sl·; hin to e.ttend Norman !homes's lectures which he was 

<;i <ill£ at AllP.rdt, but added that they did not :pass out 

cny litero.ture of aey description. 

advised that it is his opinion that 

STOCXTOr is in favor of the tne of Government in use 

in Russia, but J:~Cne of the stctel:lents mE-de by Stockton 

.i· I • 

.-i ,. 

cor.cernii'-<; this l:letter could be recalled. ···; :<' · .,~ . :: 

advised t!.at STCC!TON is not forceful enou.;h to anta,;onize · < '• · 

the ;;eople in that vicinity :::nd further that he gives no 

ev ~dence of be~flg e::;;e.ged in unA;nerican activities. · 

llllllllllllllllllllllllltFentress County, 

Tennessee, upon contact advised that STCCK~ON has no 

crimir..sl :-ecord ir. thct co1:.nty, end f1:.rtLer tl:t>-t he 

er.joys e c;oot! re:ntation e::ce::Jt fo:- the fact t!:lr.t he 

is re)orted to be n Sociclist. ••ltfurther stated 

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. ' . . 

th~t in his opionion STOCKTON Wt>s born and ratted in · ··: 

Fentress Co~nty and added_ that approximately twenty 

years ago, STOC!CrON served as County 'l!rustee, _but since_· 

that time has been enga,ged solely as a farmer. •••• 

further stated that STOCKTON does not distribute aey 

literature at the present time, and the last literature 

which he did distribute approximately five years ago 

w::s a paper cc.lled the ".Am4rican Guardian". 

~~~further advised the ~;riter that he had never 

henrd STOCKTOl; or heard of STOCKTOE making any unAmerican 

etatenents and in his opidon STOCKTOl: is a h::rmless individual. 

P E N D I 

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Hem;::.:s, ~en.nessee dP.ted 

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TEE l·::E::PHIS FIELD DIVISIOI 

AT l'ASEVIP·,, TE171!:SSEE 

., ' . ... . . 

. l!IGHLAlrnER FOLK SCHOOL ·. 

Il."TER::AL 5ECU1li!r! - Q 

Will contact the Governor of the. State of !ennessee 

t.lle. see ~rhether he recclls the .Aoericnnize.tion 'Co= it tee for 

t;.e Ste.te of Ter.nessee having turned over to him. relative'. 

to Le Com...-tnistic Activities of the Highlander Folk School 

of l:onteegle, ~er.nessee. will obtain aey pertinent information therein in the event the file is located. . 

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Director 

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~ral Burr au of lnurstigatil.; n 

11tnitl'll 8tatrsllrpartmrnt of Justirr 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

January 19, 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation ' 

Washington, D. c. 

0 

FE: HIGHLANDER FOIK SCHOOL 

!Nl'ERNAL SECURITY - R 

Dear Sir: ~ 

Reference is made to the B u•s letter of 

January 2, 1942. Please be advised that MYLE ORTON, Director· 

of the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL at Monteagle, Tennessee, has agreed 

to furnish this office all copies of "The Highlander Fling". It 

will be noted that this publication is issued quarterly instead 

of monthly as previously reported. Please advise by reference 

to Vol. # and No. # of tm;~ issues of the f:B:ighlander Fling" which 

you desire in order to complete the Bureau files. This office 

will make every effort to obtain all back issues, as well as 

securing ~11 future issues of this publication. 

Very truly yo1lrll, 

~~~ 

W. A. MURPHY 

Special Agent-in Charge 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

. HEREI~wg?ASSIFIED ?]i/i'~~ DATE BYSP~6~ _ r; ~ac;. 

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J!l'lleral iJurl'au of lnul'stigation 

Jltnitl'b •tatnlll'partml'nt nf Justin 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

January 19, 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: 

0 HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

There is being enclosed herewith a photostatic copy 

of a program and card announcing a mrn~ical program aponeored 

by the Washington Committee for the Highlander Folk School, 

Monteagle, Tennessee, on Friday evening, December 6, 1940, 

at Pierce Hall located at Fifteenth and Harvard Streets 

Northwest, Washington, D. C. 

The original program and card, which were obtained 

from C. H.;;..XILBY, Secretary to the Manager of the Consolidated 

Coal Company, at Tracy City, Tennessee, are being maintained 

in the files of the Knoxville Field D!rt!!ion, 

No information has been received which would indicate 

that the sponsors listed on this program are connected with 

the school in any way. 

Very truly ;yours, 

W. A.. l4URPHI 

if?~ 

Special Agent in Charge 

h-l~T Er:closure 

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ALL itJFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN!~ UNCLASSIFIED '\ 

DATE~/J::lBY f£?=t?~}Q1-.J I o/N,Mf(#:" 

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The Washington Committee for the 

Monteagle, Tennessee 

PRESENTS 

"America Was Promises" 

"And !hey lynched him 

on a tree" 

Archibald Macl.eish 

Words-Ka!herlne Garrison Chcrp:n 

Music -William Grant Still 

Solo 

Voices 

A t:-nll:ld poem tor c { ~=:rua 

Louise Burqe 

Wosl-.t.'l'i:..:..·r~ Choral Soc1e:y 

Dt. Lc.·;\!' Pc~~"lt. Dirr-lcr 

Howard University Glee Club 

Pro! Rcy W. Tibbs, Dlrectcr 

Hazel Shulze, Accompanist 

Mountain and Workers' Ballads Zilphla Horton 

NeQro and folk SonQs Houdie l.eadbea1ter (Leadbe:!y) 

Frida¥ Evening. December 6, 1940 

AT DGHT THIRTY O'CI.OC% 

PIERCE HAll 

FlfiiiNTH AND HARVARD STREJ:TS NORTHWEST 

W ASHIN ::;TON, D. C. 

SPONSORS 

Nia• M~r Andetaon 

Hon. .md ¥ra. Benhnm Bald..,o::. 

l\111 :j. " -.d. Wrt.. Hu~ I.. :rill: 

Mr. and Mrs. John Carmody 

Hon and Wra. John Cotf .. Hon. c:nd Mra. )cb Cotu.r 

Mw.a Harriet Dllot1 

Hon. and Mra. Lee Geyer 

Hon. end Nts. l.eo_n llfrdl-raoo 

Mr. S1dney HllfmaD ..... · 

Sec:retary and .Mra. _Corct-U Hui.l 

Secretary ond Mra. Karc!:J let• 

Or. JdOf-:!P ..# J . ..nn.c. 

M1U lathryn LA...,. 

Mrs. H"weU ldoore!\ead 

Mr. and Mra. Duncan PhU!.i~ 

Mr. ond Mrs. GtHc.rd Ptnchot 

Ma. FrankU!'\ D. Rool;evelt 

Miss Hlldo Smith 

Wr. end Mrs. L Cortin S~nQ 

Dr. crd Mrs. John Stud~bater 

Hon and Mrs. Jerry Voortu. 

COMMrm:E 

J\ey. Uneet A. De Boto.nave 

Nn. Charlee CoW.r 

Nra. CIIHor4 Dun 

Rev. A. T. MolW~n 

Min M.::::ry Price 

Mrs. Ma:colm Rou 

Nr. q,w~oo Hand:r Mr,. Mi""h::tel StrotQht 

W.. IJizobeth Y. Webb 

m::st:RVATIONS-Chmles Handy. 609 Carpenters Bu.ildinq . ;-.:.. WoahlnQton, D. C. REpublic 2~11 

=·~, · $'t.o.Oe the NOtinQ capacity ta Umlted kindly make your reaervationa a. .arly 

- as pouible. S.. enclosed ~ 

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l!aference la M4e to 7t1V 1eUer date~ JtmVAP7 11. 

19421 ln \htt a'boYI! enUtled. •\hr, tllleh refel'l'e4 to :Bar1,.\\n dated JU11JM7 21 1942, an4 adYla!td t.ha\ "11'- Honoa, Dlree~r of the lliglllaAder loU: School a\ ~\~~A<;le 1 femen .. , · 

b&e aueed \0 tunlFh -,oar office with 00?101 f ~11' ~U.. 

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HEREIN~ U'i~SSIFIED D . DATE c) d~ BY :'\PJ1!AtJ!f1 _ _,.. ___ _ 

•· •---+COMMUNICATIONS SECTION ........ _-+ 

••. - .. ~ A I L E D 

:: :=-:._-_--:._+~; FtB p6 .: 1~42 c~;* ...... u... ...,. 

FEDERAL BUREAU, OF .IH'mrri&A;.~M 

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Ill'rERXA.L IIIICURITt • C 

-' i>~OPSJS OF FACTS: Jro peraon by tbe name ot •• ~~~ ... 

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at Berea College or in the ot 

Berea. Indices against all · 

IWIIIB 1ubmi tted located 1 ')f.!.,/ · 

and 

DETAII..'31 AT BE"Ji:A., :KEliTlJCit 1 -· ~-

Chief of Police EARL THOWAS HAYES advi1ed that there ""' is no one b7 the D8lll8 or oonneoted 11ith Berea Colllge and that ~i;~ 

there il no one by that D8IU in or about Berea. · ~:..'" 

The indio•• or the Louilville Field Divilion were 

checked againat the JWDeB 1ubmitted and tbe rollcnring JIAIII8B are lilted 

in our filesr 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~elewd under exemption is) ~ 7 V _____________ with no segregable 

ll 

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material available for release to you. 

inf,,tmntion pertained·only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request 

Information pertained only to a third part~. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) · -------------

----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pag••lsl referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_______________ as the information originated with them. You will 

I" aG\Joed of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

flri~(_'(~J '.'dihheld for the following reason(s): 

·:·I r \"Otlf infonnation: 

/ . CE' Th• followin,ll. number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

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Director 

J:ellnal 5ureau of lnuntigation 

11tnitrll 8tates :Oeparhnrnt of Justirr 

1U1oxville, Tennessee 

January 28, 1942 

Federn.l Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. c. 

Deer Sir: 

:RE: !?rrG!ILANDER FO!r. .SCHOOL 

DITC: .11.1. SECUUTY - C 

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. HYI3S OITrOIT;Director of the Highlander Folk 

School at J.lonte-;_gle~-- Tennessee, at request of this office, sent 

a report of the Executive Council meeting held January 12, 1942 

and the 1941 annucl report of the Highlander Folk School consisting of 25 ~n.ges to this office. The contents of these re-

; ,· rortE are beinc subnitted in s=ry form. The vor~i:::c;;i~na~l~s~a~r,;:e __ ::;--:---

being retained in the file~ of the ~on;~J,f! Fiei- 1 . on. 7 ·,; 

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T'ne HiGhlmder Folk .s~~Xftbcu tc,.- , . c_ .·~n;•;ES1\GAii'J.' J=u=y 11, 1942, the following members being pr ~·· 1I'lllrul, , , 

J PAUL R.\ CHRIST01'll2R, tZXecutive .Secretary, Tennes e IUC; ~ 1942 . 1 BOPA!I,' Southern Director, Dictrict 50, UNI:A; I· YJICH, JMW.M~ . }'etlern.tion of Hosiery ,;orke. h_....?rcc:;ni:z.er and Iiic' " ~~ ~'1:l:i$1£ildcM JUS"\ ICE 

dt=i re:nresentntiveJ-L.CICY.\I·lASOH, CIO public re . presentative; Q"y:JDOBDS, chai=n orgcnizinc co=ittee, ttnnoo.:;a Central 

Trc.<ies cnJ L&bor Council. Seven netlbers of the · · ~ " • ,. ~~ 

-j1e~e ~c.lso present, an~ visitor6 included :ReYerend=cl lrs._!LE\!IllG 

JI;r-r:::... St. Luke's SemiU.ry, Semmee, Te!ll}er::cee; BL • JUDD and 

l:ARI'Y~'.'ATK!ilp of District 50, lJl,lilA; HAP.D,fCOXJ presiden , tlMI·IA 

local; former, Tennessee. At this meeting the ZXecutive Council 

:prc:;:>oEed t<;> t!1e Office of C~vlli::m Defence that the school be used 

&s ~ aouthern trc~ninc center. The suceestion came from the Highl£nd.er stccff end. hea the endorsement of the Etate CIO. The Council 

also outl:ncd a tent&tive procr~ for 1942 which will make the 

school &vc.il~ble for civilian defense trfcinine at c.ny time. Approvcl w"£ civen for a sunoer school for the Southern Automobile 

l:orkers, Eroncored. Decer.Wer of 1941 by RICHARD,D:..'VERALLJ educational 

director, International UAW - CIO; end a special District 50 U-WA 

school 1-l rch 30 to April 12. The extern: ion procr= in new Orleans 

en~ J.·:er.r::>}lh 2re to be cont!nuecc. In extension of the teaching and 

e;ecretcrin.l stnff WlC.8 Luthorized, end plE:ns were macle for a tenth 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

... - HEREIN I Ul-iCLASSIFIED " 

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c.nniven:c.ry celcbrct:!.on to be held at the school at the end of 

the El.!r.II:le·r term. It wc.e reported thet in response to a recent 

coL1Llun:icc.t1on in su;oport of the Hurray Indw::try Plcn, the president o: the CIO wrote: "It is of coneiderable significance to 

hcve the eupport of your school, 1n view of the widespread influence which it exercises nmonc the vorking people of the South." 

At this meetine t~e annual_report of the Highlander Folk School 

prepc.red by JAJSi'f\IXll-!BROl<SKI_::)m.s presented, This report is summarized as fo1:lcn."E:----

TO THE FRIENDS OF HIGHLANDER 

The energies of Hichlander vill be directed to 

the defeat of the Axis and the destruction of FBBcism. A proposal that the resources of the Hichlnnder Folk School be used 

ac• c defence trElininc center for Union lerders received the endorseocnt of the Tennessee &tate Industrial Union Council's 

e):ecutive boercl on Jc.nunry 4, 1942. It is exrected to be approved 

by A.F. of L. and ?.ailroc.d Brotherhood Unions. J.l approvea. oy 1

dcshincton, this proerao will receive the lllD.jor emphasis in 1942, 

Totel enrolloent for the year 1941 vas 252 etudents, including 156 

llho attended veel:-end conferences, A note.ble accomplishment vas 

the extel}B:ion work done by !-lisE' 1-!ARY\IA\I.RA.HCL in New Orleans and 

be· E/.::CJ'Y lu<fJ:::R in J.lenphiG. Other eXtension vork was done in 

: . .-.n,y othch· parts of' the South, C1cft vork in the community vas 

e):p=decl under direction of HARIA ~ST.U1!· • The SUIIliJerfield 

Cooperet:ive continued to thrive. JOAll AYlffi, director of the 

nursery School, had. a euccese:ful year., ~.lr e.lumn1 now occupy 

plrces of leadership end responsibility in unions throughout the 

&.uth. 

SPRlllG T"LR·! 

The Sprinc Term for Workers May 12 - 24, 1941, 

;re.s attended by 14 ;full-time studentG and 14 part-time students, 

from five southern states, representing eight international unions, · 

llee!:-end conferences on southern probleos brouGht 81 additional 

percons to the school repree.ent:.ng 23 motional unions froo all 

br=che~ of le.bor. The reculnr staff was coiii_Posed of HARY IA\mAl!CE, 

ZIIY.CII'\f'OI:TOI!,t and JAJ.CS DOH!lilO\TCI::I, Thic staff ve.s supplemented 

b:,' lecturer£ t!mt included JOHN T. JOJSS, director of Labor's · 

!~-::n-Pv.r-tic~n Leacue; l.TI...LDJ-.~\r~.:VES,t- ReciorJ.D.l Director, 1-.'tges End 

llourc Adminictre.tion; HOLLIS V. \ RL::IJt, lee;iElative representative 

of the P.c.ilroe.d 3rothcrho!• en! ClJ.airi:l!Ul of the Tennessee Commonl:e,·lth l'cdcro.tion; l'J.UL If·' C!IPJ:GTOPE::R1 1 executive secretary of the 

CIO in Tenncscce; r.:::;' .. 'IS IJO,iLS, A. F. ofT., Fisk University; 

tiLI.II'Jf\..D:.J:'l'JiJ,, cheir=ri Atlc.ntic' Industrial Union Council and 

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UAl:; l:ARGAJL~~·IO t lT, writer; WALT::R ~ · :A1JTEilSTilAUp!, 

P1 ofesr r of' Inllustrir.l .Lnc~necrinc, Columhic. Un vereity; and 

',1.T-J::IICL, southern representative of' Labor's Non-Pc.rtisan 

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The six-weeks summer session, August 18 to September 

22, 1941, wee attended by 16 students from seven states and one 

foreign country, Louisiana had 5 students, Tennessee 4, District 

of' Columbia 2, 1 eech from Oklahoma, Texas, Illinois, and New York. 

Five week-end c~nfere ces were attended by avtotal of' 156 repreeentetivec, Coni'ere e leaders were PJCHARD4D~,. educational 

director, UAJ.:; ' l !cllEil(1 couthcrn director, Mine, Hill and 

Snelter l/orkcr< Upi ;.."'rJo.I:If\P!c~:::R, regional director of' the CIO, 

Hev Orlenm; Jo.=:\DOBBS chai= oi' the o:r:caniz._ing col1llllittee, 

Chettanooec. Central Iebor Un'on; Y.CLv-LRTonlcm/HERDJ regional CIO 

director, Birminchclll; ALTOn LA.l:P.ill~iHt:~~utilern representative, 

Labor's !lon-Purtis~n League'; and · ·.JUDD, of the United Autonobile Harkers, Special coni·erences we 'e ~onducted for the recently 

orcanized Ford local at Memvhis, textile workers, and an Axe Handle 

liorkers Industrial Union in th(\ neic;hborinc county, Discussion 

£roupo ;;ere led by Dr. Fl.:1ITIIG,\JA!~S, Dec.n of Theolocicel Se:minery, 

Universi cy oi' the South, Sevanee, Tenneocee; G:CORGZ STOllEY, Fnrm 

Security ;odrunistr~:.tion; 'f.TI.LIAI! LAVBS, ~/age Md Hour director; 

PAUL CEP.ISTOF.tEF:, Tennecsee Indur:trial Union Council; an~ FRANK 

COFT•'EE, Social Security Boe.rd. ether speakers were lDXEf.SillTH1 

Tenne~~ee director of the !maJ.camated Clothing Harkers of' Aln£'rica; 

H. C, .,Y.l:D:LI'.SOir,l TIU-! and Sl/ ;renresentative; HUGH ~.A!OCJ;K, UMWA 

district representat:lve; 0, s.\BAXTER; sub-recional directqr...ot 

_f:lliQC; li!'.TT LYTICIT, Americl'..n Federation of' Hosiery l.'o3kers; J'I:E'D _ 

l.S~~ United Textile Workerc of' America; ROSAIIT:S -!~1 Retail 

,~d 1'holesale Clez:'·s, ~~ilade~:p~ia;. JO!ill ~ill0llii:!1 ~I f~precentative, I.e" Drle=; IT..Ul, ,LL2J,., ru.n., "' S',,, :Bessener; :zv.-.fllill,\1.00Jf3, Internatior.r>l t.ncric ;em;peper Guild representative, lJirmi:ncham; 

VIP.GIJiiA FOST:::r T.JP.R,• vice-chairman of' the Ilational Committee to 

~bolinh the Po 1 Tax, Alexandria, Virginia •. 

\miTERS' liORKSHOP 

The third ennunl workshop f'or writers wae held 

July 23 to Aucust 9, 1941 and broUGht together 12 students from 

Eix southern statec ond fran Illinois, !few York, and the District 

of' Colunbie, Thic workshop wa~ under the direction of' the Highlender Folk School Etaff with :U:Oll\l!liSQN ae director. Fiction 

was tnucJlt by J.!AP.Y\ LA~LEY, former teacher of' creetive ;;riting at 

Hood Collece, !,;.:;ryland. The m.."ljority of the 1students wrote and 

f'iniehed ct lec.ct tvo ctories eech, CRATIL::~\FERGUSOIJ, nsEociate 

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~1~~=~~~· s~~te •\T;;~h:re ~C~ii;~e {iETrP}i~_oiT!'' W;;h!n.;o~B~;a~ .. manr.cer of the Federn1jed Press, H. C .. r~n, of Vanderbilt 

University, }/ILLIA!·I R~ Jlc~lliEL, recional technical consultant 

"pn the lll'A writers procrBl!l were guest speaker] during the session • 

.. · The follovinc served ae sponsors: WILLIAr-1 s. KliiCKJ:IffiOCKER, editor 

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Qf_ th_e _ Ee,mne Review· .nTLIA ~LLIER~~~j!-~~~i ()>~--.::::- · L- -~l/J.!ILLO!l IlRAIID,,BAllETl'E •urSCRf and G.!OO!."V:U.~. 

WORK CAJ.!P 

The fourth eUlll!!ler work C"-"li? that took over the 

Ri[;hl::mder plc.nt durinc the month of July uc.s sponsored jointly 

by the International Student Service and the Eis4,l=der Folk 

School. The stafi' consisted of jl·ll". e."1d lll"'s. ~tST.APX.l,1FJl.rt1}IEf, 

of the Fieldstone S hooJ.; RJ\..lffiY~, DILIA.~G, »>IL 

\ \.'ILLlJ.Ib""_\~ an J'M.ffiS ~HBROl/~ Pa'rt-t:tme staff memberewere 

ZILPHIA VIORl'Oill liAP.IA ~'T"...Jrul,, and LEON f'.OLSOI!. Seventeen college 

~tu6ents spent the month -of July in hard man,;_l labor and intensive 

study in the social and econoDic problems. The morning was devoted 

to mrmual lc.bor, the afternoon to a study program of the mountain 

c~::u::unity which provided the l!l!lterial for a careful study for the 

r..n.Jor problems of the South. Field trips were made to a TVA aam, 

a national forest, a textile center 1n Alabama, a Federal homesteed project, and a blast furnace. Evenings were spent in folk 

dancing and sincinc. FP.A.Ne, Swarthmore College, LEONElREIBEJl, 

Vr.ssar Collece, !Uld HOllA..'ID SAH~Y, Cornell University, particularly praised the work of thi work camp. 

JUJITOR UNION CAI1P 

Tw~nty-three boys and girls between the ages of 

8 and 15 attended Hi[;hlancer's second camp for children of union 

t",eribcre dur~nc the two weeks from- June 9 to June 23, 1941. ZILPHIA 

li.Ji2'0H end J.I/\RGAP.L."T IJRYPJ! ;:ere the directors. Folk dancing and 

E in;::ing, crts and Crafts 1 hiking and game$ featured the program. 

l:AF.RY L\SKER "taUGht" the campers by telli:nc; them a serial story 

~bout e union boy ever; night ~round the c~~fire. 

NURSERY SCHOOL 

The r:ursery Echool was opened !·lay 121 1940 and was 

conuucted throUGh Chr:!stmc£ of 1:'41 under the direction oi' JOAJ:,,PAYNE, 

of Plensr..ntville, Ilew York, n senior at SnrP.h Lawrence College. Mies 

PXY!S wnc perDitted to Epend the laot two months of the college year 

ct }li[;hlPnder to direct the Ifursery School, receiving credit for such 
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work on her decree et Sc.reh L~vrence College, con:ferred in absentia. 

Thie school wee attended by 20 children representing 17 families 

in the comm·mity and was conducted in the nature of a -kindergarten, 

GIRLS CLUB 

Fourteen girls of the community met once a week 

at the r:ursery School cabin under the leadership of Miss PAYNE. 

The purpose oi this group vas to bring together the young girls 

of the community, helping them to learn to work and play together 

and bringing them into a closer relationship to the community and 

the Folk School. 

The 5'ummerfield Cooperative held meetings every 

week throuchout the year in the homes of the seven members. 

Educc.tionel pr::>crc.ms were a part of all meetincs. Rt=--ee sales 

were held and sewing was done. 

CRAFI'S 

Under the direction of !lisa ~lAF.IA~TE!/Zj:L the pro-

~:·::_c__ ::;~ c.refte ha£ been expanded. Classes were held in wood carving 

pottery, drawing, dresom~king, children's classes, clay modeling, 

EcnC. shr.dowgeph. At a Christlllfls party 62 children attended. and. 

receive6. gifts from !·lYLES HORI'ON, 

TRAVELING LIBRARY 

A travelinG library in the county was started. in 

the becinning of the year by MARY LAJIT'.AIICE. A mimeogr!'.phed. news 

bulletin conte1n1ng an orisinel cartoon and labor aerial, "Johnnie 

\:orkman", and d.iccuscions of issues of special inte~st to :miners 

were on this prosram. A total of 728 books were circulated., of 

which 343 were for children, 148 for adolescents, 212 for adults, 

~~d 25 of which were labor books. The school also conducted classes 

in instru.ction in sacred Harp songs, square dllncine, and fiddling. 

During the cummer HARRY LASKER orernized a stud.y 

r~~-m at Larcer, Tennessee, wKich met on Thursday niGhts for two 

months ct the homes of DOLPH. AUG I and GEORGEI--t~oim. • Discussions 

were cond.uct<:>d on social =d legi~ative problems \lhich included 

T)~ll tnx, ~racner /let, ~ocinl security, F"ge e.nd Hour !Pw1 and the 

prcposed tP.X bill. 

EXT.i:J:sron PROGml 

Jl.t I!C\c Orleans 

One of the most succeecful organizing d.rives in 

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the South is that in New Orleans where 10,000 workers have been 

broU{;ht into the Union, E,z-ly in the year Mr. FRED PEIFER, regional 

d~rector o~ the CIO, called on Highlander to assist him in setting 

up an educatione.l procram to inctruct these new union members in 

the techniques of collective barraining and in sound union principles 

and prcctices. MARY I.Av/FANCE, who he.d done extensive work 1n 

Louisville, Kentuclcy and Alcoa, Tennessee, was assigned to New Orleans, 

Mise LAv:I'MICE taueht several croups composed o~ union o~~icers and 

union men with an average attendance o~ between 75 and 100 between 

April 10 unC. Hay 9, 1940, Four local ofricials were selected by 

the Industrial Union Council to attend the HiGhlander Folk School • • • • .. ..... • .-..I ...... 1... - • .. • .. spr1ng oerm, ~~y L~ oo ~~, L~~L. beven ftew urLeane sou~enos wno 

were sent to Hichlander Folk School ~or intensive training were o~ 

coilBiderc.ble acsiEtcnce to Miss LA\ffiAliCE. 

At l-lenrphis, Tennessee 

A strong labor movement has broueht thousands o~ 

new men into the union at gellt!_)his 1 almost all o~ them with no previoU£ e:>.:nerience ill the labor movement. Plans were made with the 

~~~ ~ c ;~~c~e:e~~u;;l c:~~~:~~~=~e~;!:~ i !:c~~:~fl o~ ;h~h;e;~~= cee 

virion of an educntionEl procram, Enthusiastic support was received 

~rom RICFY~~ DEVERALL, educBt~onnl director o~ the United Auto Workers 

Union, and the prosram was launched in the south-wide UAW-CIO educational conference in J.iemphis in October. HARRY !.ASKER, of the 

Hichlrnder ste.~f, was placed in chnrce. Seven classes were organized 

with an ever ace r·.ttemiance for the week o~ 60, and in this way 

hundreds of workerc were reeched, A mimeographed paper ~or the 

InU.ustrid Union Ce>uncil wc.c starteci. and e. mimeocraphed ten-pase 

pamphlet entitled "This Union Business" end a ~ourteen-page pamphlet 

entitled "~~ne CIO--Yours and Mine" were published and ~- lending 

library ctarted, 

Hichlnnder Folk School was represented at the stete 

conference on democracy, kchville, Tennessee, February 22, 1941; 

the :a~rea Student Lnbor Conference in .Verch; Conference of' Southern 

J!ountc~n 1:orl,en, Krloxv~lle in the spring; l<c.£hville borrd meetings 

o~ the Goutiwrn Conference on llumnn l.'elfcre end the Tennessee 

CoLll"om:cc 1 th i'cderc.tion; Houlders end E01.mters natioru:·l convention, 

Ch.o.tt<noocn, July; Uncted Te:.:tilc \·::orkers of America nctional convention7 He·u York; C!C nrtionP.l convention, Detroit, NoveMber:; 

Vicits were Ll.'"dc to a [rent mt,.ny locrol unions end 

service£ of too varied and extended a natUl·e to be itemized were 
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rendered, From July throUGh September one staff member spoke e.t 

23 union meetince, conferred with 24 orsanizers, contacted 27 . 

intern£tion£1 union£ in 14 centers. 

PUBLICATIONS 

"The :t.~uth Tomorrow", ~le Know the Score" 1 and 

"Cumberlcnd Ce.:!_)erc" were published by etutents, Four numbers of 

th'\ "Hichlc.nd.cir FJ inc;" were printed.. An illustrated. pemphlet on 

the school we.c publishct, .Articlec about HiGhlmder appe::xed in 

the }'Ebruary iecue of \>oc: cl l7ork Today. The J3ullet1n of the World "--.--~-·~-- ~---- f\,~ •• ,4- _.,:,,,...,..,-4--:,...,.... T,......-..A,.,n ~,.,,...,....,:; ,.,...,...,+..,"'C,...,~r! .:. ...... }'LLL.'I..:i-t::.I,.I.!Ull J.VJ.- Ji,.L:.U.J.\.. .C.l..IA.Va.\.o..:.UUJ u..JHV..U J.J ~"t..i.J..C.u.v..Lvvuvv..L.u""""" ~"-

article on HichlEnder in the A~~ct number. Thc~ittercteur, 

rc~cc_c zinc of the Chi ll:lta Phi honcrcry literary sorority, published 

"A Lit Abo"t HicblcnC.er"; by F:l!l'H BUll._r,, in november, JOAli PAYI!E 

•-rote n story r:.:bout Hichlcnder for the Sarah Ic.wrence alUlllilB.e 

mr.ge.zine, ZILPHIA HORror: contributed SO!IIe material on dr!ll!latics 

for workers to the book on 'Horkers Education, published by the 

John Dewey Society, published by Harpers. This is the 1:10st com1:\rellenojve worlc on the suoject tlwt hns been done, Professor 

Tl::t.ODO:::)P.I: Er~..n~sw, of the UnivLrs~ty of ninner.otcJ was the editor= 

H.AI.?.Y LI..SCF. vrote t\JO pc..n:~hlctG for local tm~on.s in Henphis. 

HJJ.Y U'.n..t.JJc--.2 wrote L b2sic vo11:: fo:r new nnionistE' 1 "liow to BUild 

Your Union", pubLshecl. by the lle\1 Orleanr Industricl Union Council. 

PLA!IT TilPROV»!:cNTS 

:i"l1e liO.Ghlc.mlel" }~ollc School has improved its crounds 

end buildincs i~ expectation of expcnsion. 

P2F:SO!illEL 

Stnff members who continued their services through 

the yea e.re ! !YU;S rnd ZILPTIIA R:lRrOH, W\RY :UMFJ\llCL, HARIA S'IU:z:EL1 

LLOli lJill>Oil, JA!!LS A. DOIID:t.Ol.'SIQ. Those who left ~'ere Miss ClAUDIA 

LLl'IS, l·!is& LOUIS]; KO:iKLIJ:G; HILLIAII BlJ'l'rRICK spent the year e.t the 

Univercity of Floride coJ.'J:'letinc his undercradurte work begun at 

Duke. Adcii t ions are Jilc:RF:Y Ll'.s!G!.P., JOAl'i :PAYJC. DUR\IAPJ) NcD.'Ilm::r. 

v::.ll be uJ.ded next year, 

ALU:.l!:I NOTES 

~'here follows n liot o~ alULmi which are reported 

in this r.nnunl r<:port by their nmnes and the union vhich they re-

!'recent. ~"'he follo\l~nc el_w:mi are list'td: :t:D\llLI'..IR; J, D • .I.BEADJ>'OPJ)1 ' 

l !AXTOI\ ~~JlPI;W \.'II~~,.i \ G.IUIS, ,BZ'l'l'T.b \GOLffi~'~Dj,• AL:Ill\Gf©!:II1•· 

C}Jf:!,l~~J.l.~;n~, ~~;:::·\QJ.G , ~~'":.~~~CH1 D~•·AI~~ly~~~ ~l.lOU.., ---~._ /~c~=:;:::.>. I "u "D:o-JG,O.J.l0L1 i'F./'J.C~~t .. 0-:.c...., BAH.:-Yf l1·v!::J..L ....!,fo.IijSCH: liDT, I y· ' ~. ~ 
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J. R,1\:AT'l'LRS1 PAULill71IlN1 E!mf.:n.LIHETZ. 

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FDOOWIAL Rill'ORI' 

The finP~cial report of the HiGhlander Folk School 

ehovs income for 1941 of $12,66"1. 521 of which about e. third we.e 

received from 348 ind1viducls 1 a third received from funds end -, foun~tion, end the balance received from tuition, unions, churches, 

cchools, sale of litere_ture, miscellaneouc cppeals, etc. 

Expenses for 1941 were $131 948.761 of which e.pproxim::o.tely e. third >Tns spent for house maintenance, a third for 

8tcff perconnel e~d travel, end the balance for e.dminittrctive and 

mi£.cellcneoUE and canital imnrovement. . . { 

Very truly yours 1 

\ 

CC - l1em:J.1his 

New Orleens 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 

RICIBIOND, VIRGINU 

TITU 

Do\TIE WHDI MAaC NRIOO P'OR WHICH ~!~.\a. 

1-31-42 1-27-42 

OHIGHI.lNDER FOLK SCH<flL 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

P'ILE NO. 61~ 

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\ All INFORMATION CDrH AIN - aoc JfEREIN SSIFI£0 

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DA BY-'-'t--:'-~~ I REF'ERE!JCE: 

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do:er.es IlE);ITROYED 

· -~ APR 25 1961 

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4··750 (2-7-74! ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

LJ(''~eleted under exemption(s) j. 7 C.~~ ../-,.._-_7-'----"'J)"'--------- with no segregable 

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material available for release to you. / 

Infnrmation pertained only to a third party witl1 no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). -------------

----, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pag.•(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

·-- as the information originated with them. You will 

.. 1:,, ~, ,; uf availability upon return of thP matl'rial to the FBI. 

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'fh•· following number is to ? r for refert•nn· regard?'se pages: 

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OO.J 
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1 ''A ,. " ' ; .__, 

Director 

Jll'hrral5ur.l'au of lnul'stigation 

ltnitl'h 8tatl'slll'partml'nt of Justir.r 

JrANSAS C I Tf • MISSOURI 

FEB I!IJA RY 11. 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washingtoo. D. c. 

Dear Sir: 

REI ~lGHLANDER FOL[ SCiiOOL 

-INTERNAL SEI:nRITY - C 

Reference ia made to the report of. Special Agent 

dated ~cember 30, 1941, at Knoxville, TiDn6ii&e. 

in the above-captioned case. and to the undeveloped lead.~o 

all Field Offices contained therein, • 

The attention of the Bureau h directed to Bureau 

Bulletin #6. first aeries. January 21. 1942. page #12. :; 

paragraph 1f7 • concerning unnecessary undeveloped le&CI!t. ..: _, 

- ~ Inasmuch as the undeveloped lead •et out in threference report is of a general nature. no further aotiiil1 

will be taken by this office on such lead. · 

-a! 100-3664 

eo - Knoxville 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED . 

DATEdf'i(~v:gt~ 

; -"'"'"'"'-..:7t- 7S 11- 7 <1 X •-· [l)[f1A~ ~'l'lr" • nr '"'.'c~TIGATIO 

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CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 

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~HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

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CHICAGO ......,. ..... 1.00-2825 

CMAJIAC1D ·-

JNTERN.AL SECURITY - C 

former Secretary of -· . J 

not located at Chicago, · • She 

at 

Chicago, 

&J..L.ege•a.~.y returned to her nar·•nt 

l9.U 

11 ew York. 

-P- jqt;·· 

Report of Special .&gant Knoxville, , 

Tennessee dated April lO, l94lAllJNFORMATION CONT;~! 

HEREIN FlED 

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4-750 12-7-79) ( c 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~_.?,_,C=-..J.''-~~:...· _71:.......P...-. ________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Information perteined only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Documentls) originating with the following government agcncy(ies). -------------

---- ___ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) rc>ferred for consultation to tht• following government agency(ies); 

___ _ as the information originated with them. You will 

L,· ad,J;,cJ v!' availability upon return of tht• matt.>rial to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the follmving rl'ason(s): 

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'For your information: 

~T.,followmg number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

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'.·'. :~ ... 1-~·· ~ ) • 11- .. . ,_ 

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Jll'lleral 5url'au of lnul'&tigation ' 

ltnitl'llltatl'll lll'partml'nt of Ju11tin 

Y-~oxville; Te~~eeee 

February 16, 1~ 

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Dir All iNFORMATION CONTAINED 

,,..";,.'f """'o of Inmtigation HfRfJN }S Uf!GlASSIFIEO fffi'"' 

Washington, D. c. DATEJ~. BY <5Jo1[ ~ 

OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHooL c94&S' . INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

Dear Sir: 

For the Bureau•s information there are being 

forwarded her~th copies of the •Highlander Fling• which 

have be~n 11ecured during the cour11e of an investigation 

in this matter, which include the i11sues emanating from 

that institution from 1938 to date. 

Very truly yours 1 

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BROADCMT FROM H F.S TO ENGLAND·MARCH 13w--

The British Broadceeting ~ompany 

is arran;ing.~ broadcast to ~nglahd 

"GU!.l3() • ON TOUR Oi UNIONS 

direct frorr. J.!ighlander Folk School "~ur:tbo", tt pl""~Y written .:J.nd 

(HFS) l!arch 13th from 4t20 to ilt50 produced by st~d•nta 9t HFS, was p~,~ :Eastern Standard Timee (5t20 presented befor~ union 6roupoa in 

1:cmt.e~gle time and 9t~O Lor.don). this s~ction in thO: week ot :M"'rch 

The program will consist of rJ'.:>'.m- lat. 1''ha title of' the play refers 

tain b~llads, many of ~nglish ori~- t~ the heavy bl~ck mud of the 

in handed d0wn in :1n or:1l traditi-On D,;lto. country, 'U1d the play ita~lf 

from colon iel days; Sacred !!"!1> sin.;- 1B b'\Bod on the struggles of tho 

lnJ, another form of folk mlf.sic; ~ eh.:1rccroppers to org:mize 9 union • 

.folk songs of sharecroppers; to.ll 'Two r.wrn""oers of thP. Southern T?netories; squ...'lre dD.ncea; .llnd contemp- :mt F:lrmers Union, stud:::nts at 

orury b!lllr,ds showinG the effect of HFS, supplied the historic,l rn:lter 

i:Jd:..i.stri9.liz"l.tion on folk music. i·11 .. In Atl'l.n~·, th·; pl:1y 1~rJ.e spon-

:;:t'l.lph ~ .. 'I'cf:ferteller, director eor.;;d by thco Int?rn&tion:il .U ... dics 

'"'f' :""ecrei.tion r~t :!:?S 9nd t: speci"'ll- G:1rocnt ·.1or:k-;ors Union ~md the Unit 

ist in folk ~r.usie, will h"'-Ve- chi..(.S.e ed Autor'iobil•: work.;:rs Union;. in ,,.r the 1

1rogr·':l:m: A fe'lture of the Sh·.'!"vJ:lofl-by-"thc L1·1:J{. 1f:.>rkers anton 

t;..:·~e;M.rn will be the 11 tnll t!'!les'' of in !.'1!1.(5 ~r by the Hod-c·~rri~rs, 

··:'cy Or:tkley, of G,_tlinburz, known Loc:-.1 #9.30; ·i.nd·in L~ .Follf.)tte -by 

~-~~ nnd wide ·te the ''Ro'\ming )~,n of the Am·.~e"J.m'lt;;d C!lothine workers 

:i· .... '7:rr::Jki~s· • '1ilr:-y is ~lil offici't o:f Arn.:!rl.cq. !'he play wr.s dire:ct:d 

o::r:Jide in the G-re:-it Smoky !!otmt...,in 'hJ Ziltlhi:l Horton. 

~:•tio~,l P"'rk rtnd ?robo.bly knows 

the rrt~'Jntc.ins r~s w~ll r:lS Gny p--rson. 

r·,vo :J.,ienc ies of the J'~d~r·..:.l Gov-

--:·nmt:·nt will hr.ve rec~rdi,ng eq..1.ipm2n t !l t HFS -..~, t tile time of the 

bro~dc"'l.St to nnke p~m."tn~nt reCords 

0! thes~ folk songs. . '.'J-.tch you!' loc~l p"l.p·?rs f~r 

.... Jrth2r !'..~.nno mcer::0nts.· The ;t3ri tish --:J:·:~'ldcrtsting ~omp~.ny is negoti.~ting 

.. 'lt.n 'l. n...,_tion'!l ahllin to c~rry th~ 

:J ~- ,.:r:::.m .. 

Th~ fifth ~nnu:-11 aumw~r t~;;rm llt 

,; w:~"ill. 0-;iEU l.Li.Y lOth ~nd r:.m. for 

i.;ht w~.:~ks. Th'C cours:,;s nr~ d~signl to giv(.: pr~,ctic:"'ll t~inint.: in 

l!Oft,ors• BALL IN KNO'ITILL'l: 

An old moun t'lin -ctJ.stom of 

flo~ttine loes down the rivl.!ro in 

the .Spring of the j~~r ~ill De 

CoJllD:lc.;mor.,t.;;d: on Mc..r:eh 20th "J.t::!. 

11 .Ft~ft,.:rs' lt~ll". R. B. T~ff'clrt~ller of HB'S will coll thG sets 

for sq..mre d'lnci'ng. S()me of th..: 

old d•·mc~s in use in the ~~rly 

d~ys of T~nncssoc will be used .. 

~Rt'lO 0:? ~DDY VIS II'S !!7~ 

gh~i-v.'ood -.:::C..dY ·,nct S:.1.m Fi-··mklin 

of thJ ~P.lt~ ryo-op~r~tive F~rm 

V"isitad HFS durine the '.llintt:r T~rm 'lnd spoke to th;; 5 tu.~.l.=uts. 

Other viaitinb lectur~rs were ~ r-_. :ie--un ion probl-.?ms :1ntl-·-in th.e 

·::d the ~o-op "rRtiv1_, rnoYc.:ment. 

;·::il·:)l;rshipe cOYering "111 ex:p·•nscs 

1·e: 1'\'0':lil"'\ble f-or stlldLnta un"lbi.1! 

_ Joe Dobbs, ;>resid~nt r:Jf the 

'cnn t,t.:-.noog1. C€ntr>:l Tndes 'lnd 

L~·l;tor CotJ.n~il; Dr. Moul triG Gu-erry . . - - . . - .. 
VICTORY A'r LA ?OLL"'l'::'"l '•1""..A'llt":RS 'PIC!t·U J1f -Sl'• ·LOUIS ' ~ . - .. -· 

Chuli• H~ndy ' • m•mbcr or the The 'iocret~ry ·or Jffl .. t~ei'ld~d cl<•aa of 1936 ot HFS, h~·• <ion~ o the n"ti>n•l c<mvention·or the 

brillhnt Job at L'• Follette, .Tann,..,Progr•aaive l!:duc>tion Aasociotion 

in org,nizint5 "l ioc!.l Q,f th2.· Am!ll• in St. Loa is 9.nd wo.a 'l m7mber Of 

@Ill'> ted Cloth in<> Workers of Am·;ric~ th; ,.,.nel in the diacuaeDn <>f 

:..mo-ng th>} shirt -work·~rs_ of~ rlln• · ru.r'll echo'~ls. With L~o Huberm'ln 

o:>.way shop. A thousand. v•ork.Jrs from .,I?d e-:venl m~mb.;re of the American 

two ah-op-:3 wrr.::: -en strtk-~. CnJ of !'~d~~tlon tJf .T~~ob.;.re he Wl:llk\ld 

the shopa h"la aottlid g:r<:.nting ., tho picket line of the U.-11VU' 3t 

W"'lg-: incr~!l se nnd tl cloSed shop. ot the !T."lti-;,n"Il U~dert~e!';\r C:Jmp"!ny. 

conditions bo:::fore the etrik~, · One_ of the etr1~ers rw.de )5 n week 

Ch!lrli:- writ~s, "I h~ve _P"lY-c-l'l:v~lopes .. jnd p:~id ?a.,.,O_f:Jr C~ room. She 

for $J. 50- for t·,vo "1-;·.:,~ks t work. '7ork could nff,ord only. tw::> me1.le !1_ drty, 

fror; d~.rk to d~rk. T"nr.o stcreie h~d.. ·spent lOt for lunch 'lnd 15/ for 'lg'r'<~m~nte_ 'llith th0 shops to check supp·:r. She h'ld ·not h""td !I good 11-:,t 

orr nocounta. As q, ree:.tlt of th·:! ciinner· f.,r month.:~. ~T1.tur:1lly th~ 

chcck-:>f'f I aq,w ll. ch 0 ok j·est~rd~y strikers were w-~'l.k nnd undc:rnau.ri.c:eh 

for l.t. '!"h·:o ciirl c~rned J7.00 but ~d-·.1nd m~,ny w~r..: sick, but in &i>ite 

3.11 but l,Z ·.v·:nt t'J. th~ t;tnre."'the "Jf th~t f•_.ct th\;;y Wer~ puttine; Up 

a:trikera h"id. t_h.: coiJpl~t~ nu:;oort :1. C.Jllrne;..:.>u.s f'i15ht f~r d.-:c~nt C.)n-

-:;f th-= Unit~d J!int..: ~7ork~rs. ·- diti~na ~nd , uni:m. 

Zil?hi:::. H.)rton, of the J-!?·'3 t;t'lff, The St~oret l~' :llSJ t'1lkt:d ta the 

=mll·~l>:o~t-:ld~-l~ttc!t-un.til-tlu.___ -'~to wo:~;:kets ~t th~ ChcvrJlet pbnt -o?'nfn-g·-or t·u-flit~or s'choof h.;J:i)In-g~~_,nd"V-i~tfie!l ~·'c:lff~cU,., '1\crtA· 

'.'lith th~ office work "1nd s~ttin3 up 

prngrnm of work:-!rs ~due, tiJn. OR~~-.!~D L.t30R ~~NDS H'Fs 

~UDAL t:Cl!T!JI7IOI'S Il' ~L"':'T":I.AIT'J .:··On :l'ebli~· ry 6 the Chatt,n~o~ . _ ll2!',!! pu~l1ohed nn 'rtlclo thot ho s Since the 'J'ivil ~11r Clevclrmd, "T-cnq. -nl;':ii!Bed widespr~'ld i.n.dtgnnh's b,on controlled '0;,' the !!.,_rdwicl: t1on, The nrticlo 'Nos b"sod on a 

:f"!.mily. 'l'hc H::irdwicki o~n u h'llf -r.:>;lort furnishJd, by LYl-= Stovall 

d_:'z~n induotri'll ;>lt.nt.J,. _tTIJ. h.Jt.ilo. ~f tho Am~ric.,n t.:6i~n. 1nd.sn.id 

tn..: ·o-:.n~a ~nJ. loc~l n~.:''o'l'fi;J·.Ip:_r. 'fh~ to h"lV~ been 1I1l-4f,.,.·. by 111 s:.mo.:onc" 

oity judge 1s !l H'1rdwick aJn-in ... l-:w ·"'lb:>u.t two Y~"Jra ;,go. The repo.>rt 

"':'nct the c~mmiseion-:-r or p~l_li~~ ·is <'v."te .used by .c.Jrtttin bj1:5 busin2sS 

---~~~1.1~~~~· -~~ ~~--[D.:mb~f~, :Jf~-~ll,~ __ f_~~~~-!~~.::!~.--.:~ ... ~1~ .... s~ tc .. in :n_ · 

Hlu a-:cJ.""trc:~. 1nc'Jm~s l1.Qt Y•!'lr -or -u ... ·.;-IJ..~.n .. r...1 ~r<!''f!Ul>~"'ne -:t."':>C'1.1"comm------;:_~ 

~.80,000 :=~r :)V:>r. l"!loth~s Ill" de by unity fror.1 securing 1 Fcd~J<rJ.l gr.ont 

~~"i!'dwick cmplc-;{e~s ":.re: s~ld_ to -theiil foro:. self-h~lp ca-opcrotive. 

"Jt the J--!~rd,.:ick "1':J::>l-en l:ill·.s St::Jrc. , A r;tiJlution P:l~~ed un1.nimoualy 

"'lnd ch-~ck.':'d ~,ff th~ir Wtg<~s, thus '18 by th~ Ch:.tt~.nJ.Jg1. (Jentrn.l .Trr;.dee 

"''t L-.. '?~llFtt'C~· w;)rkcrc oft-.n r~c--iv·: ~.nj L.-,b.;r ~Jil11cil pl.,ced org:mized 

9-'Y ... :>n•r-"l~p.~s 'If nnu.;hts.CJ~:me ·:.:'Jrk- l:·J.b:Jr 6QU.:'-.r('l,Y behi!1d the ech:.~l 

"rs !'lft"'r ~ijhto r.:i'l11thn_ .. ,rp 'Jtill "lnd ~.-:-nJunc.::d th(' -.rticl::;-. e"lying 

~l:u:;cifi-~d "'.'3 ''b'=Jinn,:;root :;nd dr'i<W th·ot "a <Jell ... , tt1cks :on th~J Highl~..~.nuP4 rtnd ·~5 :1 w=·)k. '!Jhen indu:.try sll or F~lk Schu~l (~re) indircoct::ttt:.ok ~v.:r the C~Untry io r"li.Oin~ \-r-.c-ea, .. m th;;.; Q:l~tt~JD ... CJ:t l';lb.Jr ID.JV~ra..:nt 

},r.rdwicke CUt rlJea. rh~ \'Ur}~:.o.l'B ~DQ the o>re;'1nizt.:d l<..tb;r rt.I.JV~m~nt in 

C~Jml out :m strike in t4c c,:;n'a J'tr:.. J..:on...,r~l.-.th~ ach ... ..~l i& u. .. dnet 11 m:mt~·p.l6.nta.--Jr<:.ta:: D~n:f:t:l--W"lC c!ii.ll_IJd C;)JDI.'l..;n_dLbl_..;_ piect.?_ ;,Jf_ \'i::.rk in the •. ~ 

in-Ir:,n::--th~ A~'VA. The otrik.~--"'~·; - ·int~~r"ut--ur 'l~liLiZ..:. iri ·t-h1·s·:6~ct'iiln 

C"'ll ~"d ~ff when thr; union f•i ilcd to ••• we t:X;>reee canfid:.:ncc in th~ 

~~t-: m~j-Jrity cup:x,rt.rt W'l:: fl;Jt conduct 'Jf tht.: ech:.:ll 'lnd in the 

'-'.llilr'-·· HundredG ')f w"~rkt:rG l:f"'lrn- qu:;lity :.f its w;.;:rk. 11 

':''-'- .;_J.[' Ul(' .f'trst tim~ wh ... t "'I uni~n A stroncl l·~tt::r 0Jf pr..lt-:.·st wr.s 

L3. '3;Jn€r Or l"'lt-:.r ~leV.:lr,nd ',;!)fk.,. 6.!11t fr .... m !).lT :.vm c:..mn;unit;y Siotm~d ,.-

'.:':~ ._,..-tll l~rtrn th'1t it is ~nl.Y . by ov,::·r 300 P!:lple.- Oth·..:r letters 

t·a,·ugh uni~ne th:-.t w::.rk.~rs C'1n !3~·. ware rcc,•ived fr,.:om Dr. Alv'l TF.lYlJr 

--: _ne tbt~ tr·.;"Jtrr.ant daa?rved b,y did:-, Dr. Alb~rt :Bflrn,:tt :;>f-N:'lshvill:J• ' 

'l.fiecd Arr.(ric-.n r:::2n ~nd -..,~men r.t~er ~~Schultz ':1f }T::rris• R~!llnd w~nk. ·~-1~ n o~ tr~·-.t~d ~s s:> m.,ny "h-r.o.art. J .. nJxvillu, D~"n Frqnk 'FJ:it-::r -:tf ----,. Ih.oring th~ strike Rev. T. B. Tusculum C'':"ll·~ge; Dr. ~.:'inh.)ld 

~.~·1";~-n_, ;;;f th..: Third ?r-:.Qbyt .. ·ri~n Niebuhr, NJruY,n. Th·:.Jta~s, 1!:~.rg.-~r~t 

C';.J!:cn. Ch~· tt::..nJe>g·t ::~nd Pr.:-sidcnt Jf etnd C.)rliss Lr-tm.)nt, R..:v •. \brJh"'m 

~-1'" F-*'ll~wshit> of SJ.uth~rn Church- l1itShten.;~de, Rev. T. B .. C:..w--1 n 

:~-:'~i 'lnd.R·Jv. De .Trtrn::tta, cc.ngr~~ ... fr:"II:l th~ Ind.ustri-:1 Uni..ln Qr\r,.,.-1..,'"' -..1 n'll rrarliRf:.""'" ,f' q.-.,Arf~, .......... - ____ ,-. ·ro.nd qhi ... r..,.; 1r1~~- .... __ , - ..... ~~~ 
·Publish~d by tho Righla.nder Folk~.-sobool, llontao.&].e·, Tenth 

LABOR CA'IDIDA'I'&S ·,1111 111 GRtmDY OCllli'I'I. 

Unions or Gru.ndy County •ntorod p0U t101 for tbe :th·at time ~~ par ~d ~no: doraed o::mdid.o.toa tor ooun,ty -oftioea in the .O.JDOOrat.ia prima.ry bel4 JUDe '-• ·,·sun the. 

ballots were oounted all but one of the endorsed .-n be4 'aOn. Tho 'Yiotorlcu.s labor 

o l.lldidc.tca weu r Roy 'I'homaa, tor sheriffJ Ch-.rles Adams, tor roada oonm1••1ouriJ• 

L. Rollings, fPt' S\lperintenden.t fit .uhooll { . ud 1.awacm roCaM'ea", tor Hgtater. 

Baok oi' 'theM •en \'laa !A \Or"•• .Poll t&oal Coritei"enoe ot OI"Und.y County •. !'hi• &I'OU.p . 

ltad ita· ~iil•~-ln • ·tlll.sa·aoettai!""w-titKit Del,~aua ti"'lll mr1on and Oruud:y ~-­

oo~U~~~--~,;12, Tenn.·j ~J7ril 24, J.lolrlu ~n,- l!ighle.ndor'• educational di• 

reotort -~-~in t.he promotion or *• u4 Other IIHtin~·· whloh resulted tn tbo 

torme.ti ol' p.ltt1oal oonferenoos in bOth oou.ntiea. Theeo boll1ea were l!lOdeled ~ter 

the Ha.mil\llia Clllal,\}' Conteronoe-, \"those members helped to laWlcb the new &roupa. 

&.;... T . I -x-x~x-x-x-x-x-x•x-.x-x-x-x-x-x•x•x• . 

Firat St. .1.o Conference of Labor And STitP'F ~E!lS KEZ::P BUSY AT HIOf.ILII~"D;;:n 

J'lrc.::;rouivo Foroos Is Held . • , ; f I. Prionds· of tho Sohool o.ro probtibly 

The first ate.te legislr:.tive oo•~re .. ; i1'\tereated in knowing ot tbe things 

~----:- '-"":' '!'ft , •. _l)-:~!' '-"d pro,Sressivo dele~ that atrJ'f members 4o while reeoident 

tion~ ue.a.,·fteU at Naebvillo, Fay lli- l.l.Sai_' terma aro not in session.· '38 present 

A rlt~poJ,nt pro~ram waa adoRW ~ hore brier sketohoe or atnrr aothri t1oa 

a pe~ll~ lopolat1ve oosJI>tee :.-.1; ~ ln recbt. weeko, not al a oOJ!;>leto 

Hylea Horton .wa.s e.mon.t the. _dpril · ~obectule, but a.e: a. 8aDiple of aome or tho 

of tho c.U.l and wao J>"'aont at the 0011"'! w'ork which lcoepo the starr btloy the 

ferenc:e. Ho took wi tl} him 48let;at.ea ttul yoar ~round. 

near·cy lov:>.h oL-~\iA amcl'Bod Ca.rr1e~'Y..:.~ Je.mes DombrdWSki ( 

Union. . .1"' .• • • Jim left Monteagle late in brll, . . . - ---~·- ~ ' 1 tz:aveling· to Atle.hta and then to llrfen• · 

1 

• l ......... ~ P:".. · .... -~~119-y-tl• 0• Tba:r-. ho --oPQ'ko o\o • .......-.,._. J 

.· · -· ~GTJ..I.~IJ,:R 1 'O;t'! tr:YIE tS ru:Llt.\S'Im group t.aing organized by Elizabeth Baw&a, 

- - - - ·1., , , . 1 su.b-regional director of' TWOC. · • 

Benefit Po.rt1ae: i.re Eeld Alcm!!. Ylith lil"l!t Proo~eding to Ralei'gh, II.· c.~· Jim 

3l~owinos or )iaw nlii ' \:ttend.ed • co~feremoe o.f-the FellOwship 

J • ~ <.o of Soutborn Churchmen. The1l on 'ti; lfew 

• People ~f the Cumberland•; a two- York. ·He Vis1 ted friends of thO sa·hool, 

roDl eound moving picture produoe4 by sold tiokat:s to the Highlander' bone·rtt· 

Frontier Films. was shown to the pu.~_ie _program, and spoke ·at the ·party 14a.y 2. 

for the fil'st titte on l'ay 2 at iha $rrt Uoving to Washington, Jim spoke on the 

Sohool for 3oo1e.l Resaaroh_,l·!ew York CitY., .benefit prO~ran!' there May 4. He-· Wa.s 

'I'h1B "~8 mad~ tho oooaaion for,·" be.ok D.t School May 6. B.nd into his usual 

gale. party tor the benefit or liighla.nder ooe:upa.tions of' office work and gardenFolk Sohocl. In a..moetint; pro.e:idod over ing, · · 

by teo ~uherm~, the film showing vaa A~strtke developed at Chattanooga, 

1'oll0':1ed by apeeohes from Ji.tll Dombrovrski, and Jim wns on ha.nd May 25 to spetik to 

o:Juretnry .fit hiL.,1llAAcier, and rax Lerner. a. meeting of 'IWOC members. 

u1.u. -.ur ul ~~ Na.ti.cm, The ~udienoe then He 1s now busy writing a s~dy of 

hee.rd 1810l0 ~ tall stories f'rom natives the ·southerH mounta.in.s on a fellowship 

of t.~e Sn.oky t:ounta.in a.ree. taken t.o lfelf from tlie Rosenwal-d Fund.· 

\ :iork 

rJonoludod 

for 

-Hl 

the 

th ·a 

ooac.Bion. 

5Q.Uetre 

The 

de.nou 

evenin& 

oallel'lt1ry'"" 

wa.a 

- 1 . . "'JIYlus· has been 

l5v1es ~ 

acti"O"o in pol1t1oa.l 

Ralph e. (~'l'uffy•) Teffertc~~er at ~ organization among unions _of Grundy and 

I-lighh.ndeJ: starr. Marion counties •. As ·a result -6f the 

A similo.r perty wa_5 held in '-iash- effective cooperation of local wiions 1 

1 r,i;"ton on i ay 4.. ··r;~ucoessful political action has been 

;.. privets showina; of •?e~ple br the teken ·fo"f' the first time 1n this B.rea. 

cumberl:L'"ldu Tie.!! held !!t t!u:~ .. 'bite :iiQ~,~.,o Jdyles repr~sf'nts the Highlander looal; • - • Jl"'f/{_, A "' _.:p It> -- ..,,__ ,.. __ ..__.,, ,.. ___ ~ "-+--
•.1_ .....,..., ~J "''"''- .-~-' -•. - !- ., 

1' t' -t~ 1\'! L . ' • k-!-:- ~> --~~. ·.' ·.: -'8.-. . • . ">. ~ -- • . ~ . \f.. ~ t· 

STAFF' KEEPS BUSY (oont. from page 1·)·. ~ _ _..; , .f~••n••••••••••••t '~ ;._ P . . ·< · - ·• ··· • lfEWS FROl! T!IE .ALUIINI, 

_ • • , J • ~ 't•.- ···~~-..· ;r .. - ···':···········l';••t• \ ~ :t >'"!. Be fori ·retu.rning to School~· llay 11, -• · 4;t,~- . ~- , ~ :, . _ ····- -··:::_-: -~-""' 

Myles spoke to textile loools at ~rhom, ;~ . -~1no'e '1118· .~hlni"""\n ',..;jelo, . Lwr.berton ...nd Fayottavillet Jl. C~, e.nd J1maie Cox hn.s · been . working ~r the-~~---

McColl, s. c. onuse or oiv1l liberty. He~ JOiepk 

After tVIIO weeks he left on another. Gelders . to.lked with the Lo.Follette Co.mtr! p. f{u.vi :-tg Qpoken to tenii.Z'lt fa.nr.ers 'imd · Dd t'\..ee Qhd ' W'3rci reoci vod nt the Wb1 te 

l!ibor grou~t; ;..-n Arka.ns ... s and. Tc;~nness&e,he Hou.ee by llrs. Roosevelt, whO invitf;td. 

arrived at ..hlhn:son C1 ty for :thEr' atuta :tJuim to· a pend J4o.y 29 c.t Hyde -Po.rk. : .... 

-

00 tr. -~ o- A AO 0 - ' " 0 •- --- / oonvonuon Qt- 'tll,(j A.l".ot· L. hopus to promoto ~ southsrn olYll ~1oer-.... .. He !a U.O"ti-h>$l.dj.ng Olasses tn ~a YJ,CA• tie-s oOnvvhtion. _ i- . . ~ , ' t't 

y,;c~ C~n!'e~~ .6't Elu~ Ridge, ~<_·c __ • f ·:RUth Culborson "luis a WPA Job-'i~ ~ ~;,o.llo11r. ]!~~~ t-.~- ·"'. fft.t-~ · Jt-. spe.re time ; she ta holp1ft& 

WhS.l:<J "'tU-tr eta.rr members 'WerEJ·thttly, with ll4'i ed~~ pro - or boaiery 

Blll ·-was loi;.rt "to .bold tll(3 rort IU!d'-lt.S '\tit::.'i",~'"rB ;~ ~-i£- ~org -~ ~ -,.-

orfio" •rorlc.u -~ly i!l ~<J.Y• At thi...'t'"~ ~:w,?r.~re: Alli~o ~ocal,. ·! r.J \ f 1 •• _. 

he wne: 'loi•~ Ir.-uring_o. num.ber of' trtps.· · :~·~lvc Br)'UJ\ cmd Jo 1 ~-- .;, 

He a_pokQ to looo.l 930, Hod Ca.l"riers notiVe tis otgcniiers f'or 

U!Jion. at'Laae;er, Tenn., on Apr11·2iJ;,· The Fred·· Rr>..msey direo""-II!P' 

next two cieyf: he attended COnfo::tenoe his u:Uon in n p-roduoti 

mc6t~ng3 in Co~lmont and Chattnno~~~· On lanQer pl~y, ·L~bor Spy•. He writes: •We 

1:tcy 3 fiG took benl.oers of the Hnd l!8.rriers hc.v~ got l23 new m~mbers in ()U.r loocJ..:•-

Union on an orga.."lizing trip-_.~o_Ts:aoy . Kc.thleen Denning writes th.":.t she 1a 

Clty, to oon~ot WPA work~rs. ~x~- day t~1ng p~rt in the dr~Qtlos progr~ of 

suv.- Bill und tho hod Cr_rrieors ~eking a MI"IL!'JWP' loqD.l. 

trip to Beorsh~be Springs to revive a ~'fPA i.t . ·-· Jf:lttie ·_Ji:} Riles has ma.de a.~h­ "'--1··-.- ~ --::al, o.nd distril.outing leJl~ta ~ :l.bc?ut jU.~I~d~r before the llbJf_Crtto•. 

for Bflkory itorkers Union,_loco.l 2,5\ wh.l:oh_ '{, tots--sll\ll_e~hcr ·rflturn to Bn:~tir41Bl.fttV'II · 

hc.d boor:. lucked out at Tro.oy C1 ty. . -I ~ :!Jo.oktJ_cr he bD.fl been or~ 

Dr! vine: ~o Huntsvillt:~, _Ai_e.~~· t ~~(;1;btf.t · . 1'(.. ClerkS 1 ant! balping to 

Muy 6, ho a.ttonded t' Consti tllt~~r,al .CI)n~ : puih&h 'Qf_phOy_'po.pel for the Brotlwrhood 

V•"'ntion of l.lnea;p!oJ·od whioh·set up the ~ of'rl'a~~~..~W~tGre~-·-1._ , __ t' 

A) .. b9.!'.,8. st~..te FeC:.en..tion of ;{FA Vforkers. I ~ • . . -· "., 

., __ ._, .:: .. ~ J;.ll s!-loku to tlle Conventionf , ~ 

tb•Jn dro'l.'€1 to Co : .. JJ"''ont, Tonn., thnt nit!,ht _~,:· t_·~:-_ --~~ J_ ~-_10 __ ! _ ..~-:· !!!;====:::::=:;.._:...._ .._ ~ -- -~· •'-- t.----~; cuntroJ.l l:Oil':lnl 'tie~ .. or·-w -~·- --~---, -- -~.. '" 

Gru.."'l.dy Cou..1ty :"'zrljtics..l ConferenCe. He 1~:~ · 61r 'trfOJidi~ bd n~s fo~ ..-..;~-.. g.J" of the Co~ tb& 'in Jeers. m61;l'ibers ot tl_1e Kilgore fon:J.ly 

~:~< -='" •.-. .:.~::;~'""' ho.Ye -moved onto ,the School grounds, be-

;,J" t .. r· ~,.. trip to New York in Ue.y~ o~ng part ~r • eur stllff. Alf 1.B in 

!:'_ J: ~ • ,_, ..-~c t.t Sohool doing of'fioe and ohprgo ol the. fnrm, while Vern preo:Jdes 

ucr· ,~·-,~t:· -···rtc:. n..i.d writing a.n eoonomios arir ~o,.~~se e.nd kitoheri. -- . 

oo,l!'1:->c i~t' .,;o.r~.. &r.®ents. t.:. ... l;~ l,·;-..\W_:·~ '• • • • • • •' ..... RdElJ Tcffcrt-ollor ·• . HFS REVIEYI o.nd LET SOUTHERN tABOR. 

':'?ff~· p"t.-.. rt.::-d northvll.·.rd lt!.W iil SP!,AK., · lt:lt.est Highlander publications~ 

.April with a. 0::1r loc..d t--t r:-ounto.in must.. te'li_ Q.bo'ut ·our Wiiiter torm Und the ttOti•' 

clf:O'ls to f'ill o. number of s.renl:inc; and v~t.i'e~- .61<s'tudents llnd visiting speu.kers. 

entertairr~.e'<t onl'lgEll'l~;~nts. E"~·o~ sq1~a· _· £_or 25¢~ lLGV'itJ eduoo.tionc.l 

.. -.:_.-.:,~ .:tcp wc..s o.t a. girls• fi~tshing dt,.:pc~rtrn:o;n:t')ia.s ordered 50 aopies of LET 

s--:-,hn-:-,J t Cf,,_thrun Hull, Chl'.thll.lrl, Va., 1'0r '- SOUT~-iERN L_J>,~OR SPEAK. 

~·· r"·~' t..nd epeeoh. Thore were two • "' • • • ·• • ·-~~-i .. .- .... Wttmore, fo_r the Friends' Twe:ntY .students wilU.oomo- High- :·, •. ,,, r•---'l +~e Y'.'~CA girls. A speeoh El.Ild la.uder -~hmo' 24 for' tWOtiDO~ of work 

cc:.::---,c6 !':1:· b::iladeli--IJ.ic.. Nonnu.l School oMte ~d,atudy under o.uspioas of' ~~-oa.n n<2xt on the progr::.n;., Then there wo.s • Friends Servioe Committee. •·· · . 

.. ,,, ~· ~ Jerse;_. State Coll~•" tor. ___ ._., ~--· ~ ~ ~- ~ • • ._~ ' 

::o:--,u;,. Nuv' Rrunswiok, N. J. ~.. ~a SoliOoli.ha.ti'"Purohaso·d the "Bo.r'fon 

:·-:-- ,; -:- -.rte;rnoon of Mp.y 1 •. Toffy o.nd · ootto.ge ba.Ok ·of'' the playground· end 

J.l:, t:·oupu ~rformed in the New -York loased tho house next -door f'ormerly 

·:ror-1 d • t· fair Proview. and tGn.t n~.ght oooupied by tho Mill or fwnily. 

th.:J_y ilu.d ohE..rt;o ot 0. J~ro~n:un ro.. the • • • • • • .... '. ·-

: : > Festi vcl Counoib The next Emory University Glee- Club vi s1 ted 

. ._ - _, providod enteJ;,.tld.nmant tor JJighlnnder April 15. en routo to No.sh--

UJ< .. H~l)1:r:..~1d~r bonefit · po.rty, o.nd two ville. The boys nte'lunoh a.nd eo.ng n f"ew_. .. 
"'SEC. S62, P. L. II J.." 

'· 

HIGHLANDER 

FoU<. ScHooL, MoNTL\CL£, T:vm. 

•. S:orTLMBEk, 1939 FLING 

FEATURED 

RESIDENT TERM 

Built around the 17 full time rc:sistudenu, the summer term at 

Hf,gh,h,,d,cc brought m0re than 300 

uniun ofiiuals to the 

1 the six wn·b period. 

With a Fourth of ·July 

l::::,';~::'";;,,lfi',:",::"::•,ll;n:,~g S. H. Dal· }: • 1 ' : pn;idcnt of 

Rubber \\'orkcrs, as the 

~peaktr, the summer scs· 

inunl to f-tJt.,rr th~ Sj<tc<:h· 

·,y,otll"'~ off!cia!'. d!,d UH'fncnces 

southtrn leader<- Carloads of 

;:ruhh~r \'-olkc;-s from (JJdsdcn, shirt 

'v. orkLr> from r...;:,,,f,v,lk, text•le 

1\ufk('n fwm Dal:on, ar:d other 

lll<" '"'-l!UUI dilU 1<0 >lo•l~t:o, L.ll>ll' tO 

Mt•nte,r~L dur;ng rh~ term_ Htre 

tht:y LulL.L.l;,·..i with LLeir lcadas, 

tntt ncv. friend5 and fellow workers, 

.1nd rook p;J.rt ir: th•: mu~i,al, edu· 

• J!ion.d :l'l<l n··.rL.liH!11:11 ]lfo(';r:~ms 

1:')-' , t•'Hhlt'te,1 ;,,, l'',UI ;,1 t\w rr'i 

d:nt vhn-·1 \'.l>rk 

-I 

ALL ABOARD! 

Field trips are fun. But they mean also physical hardship and financial expense, Going ro Dalton, Ga., summer students left one day at noon 

on the truck shown above. Picnic suppn was eaten off the hack of truck 

between matinee and evening performances. RetUrn trip up the mountain 

ended at three o'clock the next morning. 

NON-PARTISAN LEAGUE 

ESTABLISHED IN COUNT 

Work.ing people of Grundy Cow 

ty have already begun prepa.ratior 

for the 1940 elections by the ~1 

lishmcnt of a county unit of Labor 

Non.Panisan Leap. 

Following previous organiz.atio 

work and preparations of a constit1 

tion by a committee of count)' lea( 

ers, including Myles Horton, dd 

gates met at the Tracy City cour 

house, Augu~ 20, and set up d 

Grundy County Committ~ of t} 

League. 

The constitutional convention w; 

a model of labor unity, indudin 

delegates from the Workers All 

ance, United Mine Workers, an 

two A. F. of L. unions; Hod Gu 

riers and Teachers Federation. 

Alton Lawrence, southern din~( 

tor of Labor's Non·Panisan League 

Matt Bunch, district rt:pre~nlativ• 

of the Mine Workers, Mike Smith 

of l:he ACWA, and Paul Ragon 

president of Chattanooga CIO Coun 

!1.'-' .~ .. • .·J(, ••;.:ul.JL) :•) H" hi d G p p F U. cil,wereamongthevisitingspeakc-r~ ""1 Pl"r 'ttllkn!' "'cltdc.l Lal>m 19 an er roup resents rograms or nlons; Officers elected for the coming yea 

.. , n 1"' ,. Ma~es Extension Trips During Summer Session are all members of the UMWA 

,,!. 1>'- _ f1l)i'·' lhn-J FteiJ trips for participation in Ia- dents' collective action in drama John Cleek, chairman, H. L. l\'1, 

L, '.\ 11 klln ~'"' 1 hor activities were made to Laager class, was based on knowledge: which Carver, vice--chairman, and Leo1 

· ···'·" · , ' ''"' I iurtoul and Nashville, Tenn., and Dalton, they had gotten in economics class. Geary, secretary·treasurcr. 

'"! :· 1 ·1 ;, '" ; ' • 1 ':"'' ·,.11"-','· b_y Ga., by st~tf and students during Reports from the Amalgamated lead. Three resolutions were passed b 

1' · \\ ork- l·hghlandcr s summer seSSlon for ers are that several new members the forty delegates, one endor~in i'.lliiJI!Iefl· workers. joined up as a result of the meeting Estes Kefauver as candidate for Cor 

·' 1 ':_!.'. by Before 6oo striking textile work- and program that night. gress in the Third District, anorhc 

',1,< 

en members of T\VUA a play ere· A union picnic at the scene of the urging other groups in Tennessee t 

;r~tt·r sup ate'J by the Highland~r students, cooperative J!'ardens operated by pea-- t;m unitsh of r.t;r's Non·~artisa '' pru;::rJm, was presented in a Dalton Theatre, i pic in Grundy county was the occa· N agu~ \ e t Lr approvmg th 

! h .- 111 July 21. The program also included I sion which took the group to Laager ew ea program and ~ccbr.n 

ll• tJke n!r' >11 lnJ"'l.: ~"JI).:' thtm- demonstrations of folk dancing, a August 6. There, local members of! support of New Deal c~ndJdates 1 

., , _,,, I-· '''"' · .. ·;,, -,,-,~"-,;·,·d to talk by Myles l--lorrun, ahJ tht ~ing·! tl;c United Mine Workn~, Hod Car- all county, state, and natmnal offict· 

k ,r:· 1-.o"' 1,. lead the 't!li~II'J,:. 'n th~t mg of labor songs, led by William ritrs and Workers Alliance, with 

l-· '" ,:,,. · .. _,!,, ,-.-,,'1••'' ~-r •:1:• '':':~- l11111T1Ck. The ent1re production was their families joined in a program of SCHOOL FOR WRITERS 

1 HJ:,kr direction of Zilphia Horton music and speaking. The Highland- HELD AT HIGHLAN~E 

· '.rvh:,-t : ~nd Chouteau Dyer of Highlander's er group was accompanird by a num· Fourtee:'l young writef5 fro"1 a 

" ,•J, .:,, '"''' 1 '

1' ' ' 1 1 h \~'d j dramat1cs department Both matmce her of VJSitmg umon officrals, mclud. OH'T the East gathered at Highlandt 

I und, and e1en1ng performances v.ere g1\· mg Clyde Mills, Southern DLrec· this summer for the first ~p<:ci; 

•,gl r I en The final met'tmg closed wnh a tor of the Amalgamated Clothmg writers' session to he held here i 

II ,,t 

I 

~ptech hy Ralph Gay, local organ1ztr \\'orkers, and orgamzers M1ke the history of the school. This ;n.J,:.; 

~·r' Students for the Tcxule Workcn Umon Zd Smnh and B1ll Poythress a pioneering move in workers' edu 

,r," d 11> :•nh 'I .<r' J'O' r rs, car ph1a Horton remamed at Dalton I The cooperative garden~ are work cation and a significant unity be· 1 ' 1 ,]• and o\er the Wt"ek--cnd to lead smgLnj! ed by un1on fam1iles who w1ll share tween labor and prugressi\'e forn') 

v 1·' ' '' -1· k ' lrr drama al a ma~~ meeting and on the pi-cket the produce at hanest time. Money The Summer \\'orkshop for Studen 

' 1' i'"'brarn, lines. for seed and fertilizer was furnished Writen, sponsored joinrly by High 

~ Ul2il II! 

.• ::<! P1~Jdu I :L>Il 

'!-'' ,..,,,It'd the Two other original pbys _wert" by Highlander Folk School. Two bnder and the League of AmericJt 

1lw rrcparJ.tlon given before the Amalgamated garden projects are running in the Writers, opened for a two weekl 

•,; J~Jil.1l ,k,l<; and Clothing Workers local at Nashville county: 5 families are cooperating at period on August .lT. 

on August 4· One was a musical Laager and 19 at Altamont. The Al- Volunteer teachers were brou.dn 

',r, · written by Zilphia Horton, tamont people have had to work in to Monteagle by the League. Lil!i:m 

·, ··, 'Lol\)' Pop Poppa," which portrays the face of bitter opposition from Barnard Gilkes, journalist and l1tcr· 

,,, k.,], r.. 'q "':;] '!"' pa_:ernalism of, employe_rs ~nd ant~-union for_ce~, which was carried ~ry aut_hority, and chairman of the 
THE H1cHUNDEJ. FuNc SEP'r:B.Man 193 

ST\JI>ENT SPEAKER 

WITH THE ALUMNI Summer Progrem Has 

===~B~O~O~K~S~===I Reached 2,000 People . In fob< fa' All (Alfred A. Knopf. $2.00) Approximately :1,000 peoplr:, ~p- 1 

h-.~~~~1 "'"'~'""d th•t R"nvcrnrn~nt re~enting :21 international unions, I 

mai.r job1 b)· undcrwmmg were reached directly by various ~ 

Cm""l Holm~s, president of tb 

United Rubbers Workers locaJ : of ~xp~n"on Tht· author bc- pric_., larg~r output and phases of Highlander's summer pro-, 

production would brins luck gram since July 1, according to cal- i 

· un<lN th~ profit sy•t~m culations by Myles Honan, educaM Wnght, A. F. of L. publicity tiona] director. Horton's estimate inGadsden, Alabama, was with us fc 

the Fourth of July. He told how b 

had stopped a company union mov1 

' the labor movcmtDt fo, dud<-~ tht work. in Grundy County, 

publK in a wcll-wnn~n ~ink field trips, institutes, ~sident term, ~ Com~s l.Ahor (MacMillan, of~ ,m,; c.:o.ll•d 'The PC"¢p\e~ ''isitors .. Ten of the- or;::ani:zations 

book " a fine o;ampk of reprc-scnted are a part of the C!O, 

, and appea.hng litmnure. But eight belong to the A. F. of L, and ~ i~ naturally n<'l an obJecu.-c rcpon, ;~.nd the remainder are unaffiliated. 

)nfonunatdy t~nd, to be a dcf~n..- of Wtl· tam GrecH on[\ h" f•llnw-rul~r> nf t!Jc This estimate does not include 

\ .. F. of L. staff activities in June, during which 

~------~~~ Myles and Zilphia Horton were on 

by circulating a mimeographe 

among the workers. Cec 

learned how to do typing and mim1 

ographing at Highlander last winte 

• 

Matt Lynch, American Federatio 

of Hosiery Workers organize-r, is i 

charge- of the union office at Nas} 

ville, where the workers have won 

victory at the &.Ling hosier 

:ZILPHIA HORTON EDITS the staff at the Blue Ridge, N. C., 

c;.oNc:; BOOK FOR UNION Student Christian Conference, at-1 ~·" ~.... • •. , _ . _. _ --· ·- - ... - · .. , - ... .. 'j tended by 500 young people. In the [ .tlJII Lillis, High t'omt, N .. c .. tex- Dillard King and &WI·~ VRugh • • 

A book of workers so_ngs,_ collect~ same month Zilphia taught music tile worker, practices "Public Speak· delegates to the constitution[ 

~ an~ amng~d b_y Zllph!a Hor I to roo YWCA girls at their Southern I ing" on fellow students .. Students I "'"'"'"iio; which ~t up the Grund .on. , H1gh.lahder s D1rector of MusK, Industrial Conference. this summer thought the training in unit of Labor's Non-Partisa 

tnd sponson:d by Roy ~- ':--awrencc, speaking and parliamentary proc.cd. 

\/;{"c-prnJde:11 of thr- 1 nt1le ~'ork- .- , un: so important that they wanted 

;n u 11 ,._, 11 01 i\Jun~> ..... 1, w1 LHLI.:.PEAKERS FEATURED {Contd} more than just the class periods. So 

Jress. the Umtc-d Mme \Vorkers, Ala- they initiated the custorri of allowing 

Th~ lx.:ok. entitle~ La.bur SoflgS, h~ma; Edward F .. Callaghan, T\\rUA ·one studen! to give- a short talk dur. 

onta1n~ s1xty fnur ot ~e most pop~- dm~ctor for Te_nnessee; Ed ing the evening meal, thus giving 

ar ~ong-s sung by .umo. n workc-.rs 1n I hosJef}" orgamzer, more- opportunities for 

Horaa and Margaret Bryan rc 

turned from Texas for the tw1 

weeks' session of the League < 

American Writers. They repo1 

widespread violations of the Wag IH· S'lt:tL. TJ,cr-:: arc introduc!l>ry Pauline Galloway :md Bernard spe!:'ch-making. 

t;;!c'm(·fl~.< h· find R1~vc, presrd(nt :~h. ACWA orga11:iZC"rs, Greensboro, -~~~~~- Hour Law in Jack Garner's tc1 

"The only enforcement in th 

, i~~us.try is what the unio 

'Mid Hcr:tt:'C" . 

,; T\'.':,:\. c: .. h:-:· H•llma11. pre<!· N.C. 

)Ul• Li tllc ,lHl.it~ .. matc..i LiodJlllg The list o! labor leaden wim spol... 

. Vorkrr<, .•nd John L I.rwis, CIO ~~ Htghlandt""r continues with R. R. 

. .. !,]:-\ .•.. ~ ),· ,h, l.1 .. ~cnce, southern dire-ctor of the 

f\\'l.':\ ·~ ~.- '"lr,loca<tern office, wh1ch I TWUA: CIO rc-pres~nt~tives Yelvcr- , '"1'kc •I-.·· ,;.,.,.,"'" cf Mr L.:.!W- ton Cowherd of B1rmmgham and 

n:-·c:. T. J. (Brush") Smith of Nashville; 

Jc~,· --; ~l;•··. rh;· pr~~s of The I Alton Lawrence, southern director of 

- '" .. .-: .. , \'·'mston :=-• .;!,·r:-o.:! .ahor's Non-Partisan l..C"ague; and 

< ,~ ,;..., :"•hl,-~tmn zs pnn-ted j Lawrence Rogin, educatiOnal direc-

.: .. ~, .,,,rkrd j':!pn ;JJ~d' tor of th~ American Federation of 

•oo·: ,~ if1 a t~o·>-color ·cover. II is lfosiery \Vorkers, who presented a 

··· "··t~le 'opies, witl. rrogram of sound movies, including 

rrd~1d:o;1 iur quantity orders. the H1ghlander film, "People of the 

.ut.> ,-,_,_, 1."'.1\.1 be Clrt.:.t~d Cumberland." 

o :h:- TV.rt:.; .~1i.ct, ,.4,t!;mt.a N:nionI::ui:,tng. /Hia:JL.a, Ga. 

From the Am;;]g;tm;Hed Clothing 

Workers came Elizabeth Hawes, 

New York; Mike Smith, Knoxville; 

r.ri<;("lda Kuhlman and Bill Poythress, Nashville. The- Textile Work" 

er~ were r<presentc-d by Joe Dobbs, 

Chanaoooga; R. H. Brazzell, Nashville-; Lucy R. Mason, Atlanta; Ralph 

, ( .ay and Tommy Sparks, Dalton; 

•lLrlll'rt \\'ill ram, Alabama director; 

.S: ... ,it";,: •"" ,_.,,Jon 

5. t lor November 

tor a r' ll'IH•'' • •1 

,..; folluwin;; 

~hr d~te set 

ail H1<!hhnd 

'" ~'"II l~ 4J.~I(.Illb 

all who bvc ~n students at 

th~ ,.~·!;u) :n rctu<n br th:n 

lJH,p,ram (,{ 

fn<l a.td L·!l,-,v~hip will be pre-

', <1,· ;;n-togrrh.-r 

11-.!s is d,..: ilat home<:oming 

l.lrucr'lrr- anempted :ar. the 

S.:L•ol, .:r~cf it is expected to 

'' · ''!'r"rtiJnitin 

of ·•iew~ on Iaj and C.. E. Earnhardt, Georgia dirt~C· •tor.. 

I Legi~lation affecting unions was 

1 explained by: Frank Coffee-, Social 

I Snurity Board; Warren Woods, Nal

tlonal Labvr Relations Board; Mrs. 

Elizabe-th Thompson, J. 0 .. McMa1 

han and L. Goodman, of the Teo-

. tw~sec Puhlic Wdfare Department; 

/

·I: 1n-:l Dr. ~iakom Linle and Dr. J .. 

Herman Daves, of the TVA. 

I_ Other speakers were: Dr. Arthpr 

H.::::;is:-y C~fe .. ~,ce 

Is Held at School' 

~venttsix workers, ~rganizers i Chn"stin~ Evn-soh Benson ha 

and_ offictals o! tht' Amc-ncan Fed" I been doing volunteer work at P; 

erauon of Hos1ery Workers jammed ducah, Ky., for the- ACWA an• 

the Highla?der Folk School and: ILGWU. She was in charge of 

o>erAowed mto two Monteagle ho- campaign which succeeded in sto] 

tels for the union's week~nd confer- ping the sales in local stores of ga1 

encc- July 1 and 2.. mems made by open shop manu 

Lawrence Ragin, national educa- facturers. 

tiona] dire<:tor, came from Philadelphia for the e-ve-nt. Second vice·presi- Highlander alumni around th 

dent Edward F .. Ca\bghan and or- Louis\"ille - Lexington .. Wincheste 

ganizcn Bill Frazier, M;;;tt Lynch,! area in Kentucky .are holding regu 

Ed Johns, and Frank Bradshaw were: lar meetings to coordinate their worl 

present. Workers were drawn from and report progress to each othe1 

the union's branches in Tennessee, The-y recently journeyed to Cinc:n 

Alabama and Grorgia.. nati and presented a program 0 

plays and music learned at High 

lander, before an audience of strik 

ing clothing workers. The group ir 

Worlds who is now preparing a book 

on the- Nr:w Deal; Rev. John B. 

Thompson, University of Oklahoma; and Dr. Willard Uph;tus, of 

the Religion and Labor Foundation, 

who was accompanied by a travelling seminar a{ 15 ministers, teachers 

and students. 

The resident summer students 

came from ~vcn internat ion a] un" 

ions and the- Y .. M.C.A .. , about one 

third of them ~ing memlx:rs of the 

Amalgamated Clothing Worke-rs .. 

eludes Haul Sargent, Karherirtr> afl( 

Elizabeth Crim, Zola Spiegel, Lil!Jal 

Sargent, Btl/ .and Peggy Flannaga"ll 

/ackJe Ku,allek_ .. They arc- plannin) 

to incubate 100 hen eggs and prestn 

the new-born chicks to Highlander 

• • 

Bc;sie Poyt!,r~ss writr:s that botl 

mills and WPA projects are dos;nj. 

down in Missis~ippi. Ttdl'J/oro Ot'u" 

do reports the same thing in Texas 

It looks like the- southern tories an 

beginning in advance- of 1940 thc-.i1 

campaicn to starve the Dt'onlt"" inrr 
THl: HIGHLANDER FLING vo: 2. N~ . .f + MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE • MARCH, 1'J40 

-~------~------~~~==------~--------~~ 

NEXT TERM OPENS MARCH 25; 

SPECIAL COURSES OFFERED 

SouThern worktrs-mcn and I of Fisk. Uni1·c:rs~ty; Frank Coffee of 

wotntn in tbe labor movement· tht- U.S. St)('t.il Snurny Bo<Jrd. O~h· 

l · { l \ cr~ h,nT bct:n bstl·d {or prospecttvc -art X'tllg arcq~te1 as stU<. tnts j 1 ~ib, hut not yet scheduled. 

for another restdent term to I Rohnt Crudcn, publicity director 

op~:l M.ncb 25 at Highlander .,1 tlw L:nitcJ Ruh\~~:r Worker~. wi!! 

Fl)lJ.. School. ~pend a week at the sehoul to offer 

. , spt·n.~! traintng in umufl publ1cizr, 

A SIX weeks program of educa- April t.ti. 

1:ni" ,>!~d r•:•:"t'<1tl.llll t~ offt'red IO rhe- RtTf'C'Illion and Trip> 11 uJcn!S,,who will have an opportu- JJ 1

,] 1lJtH1er will hano the services 

ill< 1 tu (..,.t pJrt w the mformal da.s~ uf Jol~n Mor •an fidd worker for the 1• "-' ~ :rnd to rnt"t't anJ he:~.r many~- g ' 

mrt'nndin!--! kl'Jns of tht- South. L~nfkerttlC~f· of s

1

outhcrn Moukntainl 

\\·or ·t·rs, or at ease two wee s o 

', , ' /" ,;1~i<d . tlot· w-.~mn. Mr. Morgan is an expt'rt 

:\, u'u~l. the 'rhool 1-. arrang1ng n·crt'alwn leader and wrll ofl'cr a prc.-

1" \~ lv:.:Ju, in tL~· field., of labor, gram of lulk gamt·s, rnustc, 

t·du.-~uun and government assist .wd uafr work. 

\\'lth tht" progran1. Under the gt:ncral A' in the past, students 

t1tl "Tht \wA:rning S<'uth," that· )l:in·n opportunny to take field 

w1 , 1,, '>'T• \..1•· ,,.Jdrc-~~t'~ hy variou~ and to observe and if pmsihle 

",k,,,_ L.,l"" \~;"-.k" I'·"';,.,.,;,,., aui,icic' uf lhb lt');10n. 

, 1 I l · l>ls•on~~ C/uu Work 

w !>< '"I, , 11 S Jturd l\ atternootJI Th 1 H hl d ff ]] l 1

,. ,, Pill e Tt'[iu .11 1g an cr sta Y.l 

1><. l'l chngt ol class~~ \\hilh c<l\er 

' , ' JlO'' to press tht) 'u<h 'tt!,ttLis as Unmn Probl~m>, n ' nnL lhrl'l "ho ha't Jli,t<•r}, h:unotntl~, Puhltc Speak1ng 

'''''" !U 'fWJk: Allan ;~nd i'Jrharnentary Law, Journalism, 

'·' ut doc CI.O.; Dram:Hics, So<.:iai.Xiencc \Vorkshop. 

'1. tt· rn~t Pr:n:~\ prcsi- 1 11 tht' t\;~;~ pt:rioJ, studc.-ms exchange 

tit ~lutninUIIt \\'orh·n; ~tl,".J.\ .:md t:,\j>eric.-nre_, and 

1.,' ,11L- rn dtn·ctor of thctr pruhlt·ms u•JJrr the msuuctor's 

:1:. \<r .11~·,,- ur d Cluthing \Vork. lt·Jdc.-rship. 

,),,; 

· ''-herd. Rtrming- The staff Jt·ciJt:d to hold resident 

ilw C.I.O.; FrJll\.. l<'rltl'> in lhe spring and tall this year 

\\'urkn~· DtfcnSt" m>tcaJ of w1ntcr and summer. This 

l •·.t;'L•,· RoJ awrence. Southern 

·1 \\-_l' .\ !J.ic<tor: Or. j. H. Da\'cs 

! t!,t. 'J \' .. -\: l lr. Cltarks Johw.on 

lt-:ll'e~ tht su1n11H:r ftt:c.- for special 

~hort sn~1uns, mstitutci; and confer· 

l'lKt'~-

Group Is Moking 

Study of Grundy County 

Of great interest to all tho~ 

ii':;~;..~ji/ who Jive in Grundy County or 

t/111 !vi} ,.,,Jj hr c!lilmg "" htJnth to 

and maii71Jt< a> t!,~ 1940 spn'"g 

Ul HtghlatJdrT. Th~ bdl ntli:rT 

'' Mt>. A. E Kdgo~. o"~ qf thr 

11r>gh!>a.-s. 

THEME OF 

IN SOUTH" 

CONFERENCE 

With "Democracy 10 the 

South" as its program theme, 

the Southern Conference for 

Human Welfare will open a 

three-day meeting at Chattanooga, April 14. 

The Conference wa~ established in 

the fall of 1938 with a meeting in 

B1rrmngharn attended by J')oo ddtMrs. Roustn~lt anJ Justi,e 

Black w<c·r among lhC' speakers at the Birmingham sessiol'ls. 

Frank P. Gr<~ham, pn·.sidrnt of the 

University ol ~onh Carolina, was 

drcteJ chairman of the organization. 

j arc concerned in any way with 

I 

the plight of its jobless people 

1 is the study of the county just 

f begun by the American Assa- i ciation of Public Welfare, under 

the direction of Mrs. Gay Shcp-

: anlson of Washington. 

I A committe(' of Grundy County 

c-itizem ha.s b¢-.cn st"t up to work c\o>elv with Paul Savage, Tcnn~ssee Commissioner of Public Welfare, wh(• 

has been promoting the survey. La· 

bor is r.cpresented on the comminc.-e 

hy Clyde Boyd, of Palmer, a member 

of the United Mine Work~rs. 

A complete survey wifl be made of 

the county's economic and social assets, /iabiliti~s and possibilirie.s. This 

project is the kind of thing Highlander has ~n advocating as a ncp 

toward long range planning to relieve the unhappy conditiQn of 

Grundy Counly. 

SOME EVENTS OF THE 

FALL AND WINTER 

Led by Southern Director John 

Martin, a group of ILGWU members from Atlanta and Chattanooga 

met for a week-end wstitutt at High 

lander in St'ptcmber. 

William Buttrick was one of tht' 

speakers at the Conference on De 

moeracy in Tennesee, htld in Nash 

\'ille No\'. 4·5 under sponsorship ol 

the Southern Conferenc.c for Human 

Welfare. He discussed "Worken' 

Education in Tenncsset:." 

(Continued on Pagt' 2) The program committee for this 

year's meeting is headed by Uon 

~T 1 ·[li-_f'rfS P.T REUNION ! And dw mountam_tremb\eJ onrc luuro!man, Tennessee Commission_/,---------------

c,.,r•·, ~, 1 11. ~ 11 , a;.::1_1n -~~~the \olct" o! lblph ("Tef- er of Railways and Utilities. The Weekly Discussions ~ ..• ,N, ASSN 111c ) i<lh·nd!n, rt"tumcd lor prugr:11n out\int" indudes the.- follow- Schedule of Pand D 1

'r.cussions 

1 , 1, 1 1 1 llJ rt·u ll.,ll, aud the StMnp of ing topic>: Religion and [knwcrac:y, to be held Juring lhe Sprwg '

1 

ll• v._ "_' 1 ~ 1 '>tness com-lin_·!, :ll_ Ttilic l_l'J the I Rural Life in the Sou•h, Cunstito~ T d hi·!' I r 1 llllk a ] t d ' erm, e\'ery Satur ay after- '·'' 1 • '( P easan an lru~~nJ~ JJJ one ol hi~ lamou1 tiona\ Rl"hh and Su,..r·•g,, ChildP·,, ' k ·' r 1 fi o 11 "' ~ • noon at :~.:30 odoc . I · :: 11• 11, l )L' rst S!U-; \tjU.Ifc dann·~. 111 tl1c South, Industry in rhe South. March 30 1: lr-11. i1cld ;Jt Highiand-1 t'Lm Lyn(h ol Na,fwille waschos Each southern state.- has a <:ommit- Organizing M~thodJ 

\ tn a~ pn-,tdcru of dw Hrghi.Hlda or state council to carry on the April 6 Umon Publicitr 

i Alumn1 A~'><Kiatwn, and _Mrs. Chris- hminn~ of tht" organization. Myles April 13 Poht1rul Art10;

1 t:, "11,' Jt'IUincJ swapped {!Jlt: Ht·n~Oft, ol (;d!~<·nsn!lc, Kr., as I lorton, Jli•·hl;lllJI'T Fulk ~du>t 1 eJ. A ·1 C I"' 5 • 1 1 II l " pn 2o ..... A . . 'Y.,-... taff ·' 11 ·· '''' .~<1 Olllnt:1ny useu ~tUcl:lry-tr"'a~urtr. 'ht exccuti"c.- ucation.Jldircctor,;,,,,_,lnh.:rol<l,, A ·1 Lab •- 1 ' ' ' pn 27 or ~gu arion :·";··•t: nlo(afional,'nmHninn-"'lnti'J by tin· <'TOU}l con- Ttnn<'lstc committe<. 11· hi d d. 11 · " tg an er cor Ja y !m-itt>~ 

,,,.,., -\iwn Law ; '1'1'_ ol di<~<· two officers and the fol- Hcadquartt>rs of the Conference any of its friends who can at-

;t:·, ''I'I'Kill.llne ol La- lnwtng. )acl-..~t Kw;~l\~:1.., I~,;,,g<un,/arc at Hotd Pauen, Chananooga, tend to come 10 lhese discus-

!,,,; • •..: 1'. rll\JI< 1--l':-tgu(', lnl a dis- i ~y.; D,~i.~_l' I:Jarri~, .Na~hvi!lc; 1 where Howard Ltt, :_xccutive secrc s.ions. 
• • 

' ' - J ; 

PAGE TWO • THE HIGHLANDER FLING • MAlCH, \ 

Labo, Organizes Political ' I POLL TAX FIGHT GAINS NATIONAL / 

Bodv on St"'tPwirl,. R .. ~:~ ATTEt..fTJON~ CASt AROSE iN GRUNDY i===W;;,oiT~H==T;;,H~E~~A~L~U~M,:·~-N~·::,! 

A-;u~;he-r st~p-~~v.:a~:l ::~:~1 lnl!J::ztcd in (;rund~· County, with n·t:Jinecl Crampton H::zrris of Birm· Christint" Evt"rsolt> Bauon 5(" 

wid{· political organization for tl1c help ol Highbnder staff mem- ingham as Ir:gal counsel. news that is real news. The An 

I b k · De b '· th '' '•tl o·· ~11 1 bamated in Paducah is givin1 a or was ta en 1n cern er, uc.~. c ~:ou. 'M e .er t·- :u rc- Douhl,. Attack 1 · t f t" · · · S("ries of six broadcasts over W 1en the T ennessec League for qhUJremeln ~ or \'O mg 

15 

movmg mto The Committee, whose Chairman JocoJ .,d,·o ,.,,,·on. Tht•- f-1, p t e spot ight of n::ztional intert"sl. a •a ... """ • 

rogre.~sivt' Dt-mocracy was set Henry Pirtle of Tracy City, wunty r\ Ma~or Maury Maverick of San pearances are in the form of sl 

up at .a Chattanooga convention s=t [tJUr miles north of Hi~~bl\dn o\n!onio. is making a doub\e.bar- on the meaning of the Union. 

of Workers and union leaders f'<>lk School. d1d no1 pay hi~ poll tax rrllcd attack on the poll tax e\·il. A Maxton Chomp10n has l:oecn appo1 

The organization was formed a~ a last year. For this rt"a~on he is drni<"d bill designed by the Co:nmiuee has ed regional supr:r.isor in no 

unit of Labor's !\on-Partisan League, tht" right to \'Ole hy Tennessee laws. l)t"l"n introducl"d in c.::on·~ress I}' Rep Georgia for the WPA Workc 

whu~e Ellecuti\'t \'ice-President, E. But for a special dr~:tion to ~:hoose a resentative Lee Geyr:r (Dem., Cal.). Service Program. 

L. Oliver, carne to the city to addre.~s rtprocntatil"t to Congress last fall If passed into law, it would prevent Cui/ Holmes reports a e:reat \'ict( 

tht UeleP:otn. Officers elened ar1 Wii- Pirilt" askt-J ihe Federai court at <!!1Y state !mm maki!1g paym::m c! f h b • k~ · G "' 11 · f · orterul:rerworersm a liam Turnblaz<·r, pre-sident, Edward Nashl'ille to in1tfll"IIC aga:nst dt"(· ro taxes a rcqulrtment or \'DUng drn. The NLRB handed dowr 

F. Ca!JaghJn, viet-president, Paul lion officials who withheld the hallot. for fcJnal official.~. fo,otoblc deci•ion ,· 0 the cast" t: 

f) R f\lllhons of workrn in the South · agon, ~t"Cr~tary. &g(J/ Arguments will find themsehes able to ~xercise had been pending for 2 years. The Monteagle local of American 

Fldtration of Teacher, sem dde ates I ~The ~:asr i~ now before the. U .5. their owrt free choice in dectiom; Hilda Hulbert writes that she \s p 

"'hu ~-~<ere active in the wnven~iun C.ncu1t Court of Apprals and \S ex- if this campaign succeeds-millions ducing a "practical union .~,-, 

\Villiam Bmtrirk serving as tempo, )lt"cttd to cm111nue on through the formerly denied the ballot or "voted" book which will comam 

rarv secretary and Mv!es Horton as Supreme Court ~fore the hattl.e by pulit~cal bosses who paid for their proof accompaniments." 

chairn:an of the noo"1 inatiom com- ends. The legal argument of_ P1rtle s tax r«:eJpts. fohnny Sullengl'r and Doro M 

mitttc appeal \5 hased on the contention that Joseph Gdders of Birmingham, Brooks report that they recen1 

a state docs not have power to tax a srcretary of the Cil"il Rights Com- put on "'Lo!ly Pop Poppa," a mu 

federal function and by doing so the minrt·, has bren raising funds to cal comedy skit by Zilphia Hono 

SOME EVENTS state infringes upon the sovereignty hdp support this fight by the sale for rhe A.C.W.A. in Paduca 

(Continued from page- t) 

Myles Honon attended the CIO 

nation;)] lom·ention in San Francisco 

ar;d .\)X"nt 1\.\0 month, 1n Cal!fornia 

tt"J\i,le pen~1lr ;~hour Highbndl"r 

Pmle 1s backed by the C1vrl R1ghts on the backs of letters. Each stamp strong. 

of t~c U_nned States. . . . I at one cent each of stamp5 for US(" I DoraMar:'sGleeCiub is still goir 

Committee of the Southem Confe.r· bears the slogan: ''Abolish Poll Tax· BN"nie Schmidt of the Steel Worke 

c-nce for Human Welfare, whrch has es 1 Free Amen~:a Frrst!" Organizing Commitree, is helpir 

with a newly organized Worker 

Zilrhi:o Hunnn h l' 'i"'!H tb~ win- I 

MATTI:::RS FINANCIAL 

ter org:JnJ7l!lg lor the Amalgamated 

1

1 Last summer Highlander's 

Clothmg \\'or ken m Nasln ,[J.:- Plymouth coach was limping so 

----~ I badly we decided it had to have 

'J ~"" ..:hMI l1a1 been hd~Jing lime: ;1 thorough overhauling. After 

~-u~r..t·r,_ <rt ShcmuuJ. 1l·rmencT, being hauled of! tht Tennessee ld,!h.r· pl:l'l'> !ut J Ull!Oll mcdicJI co-l R' £ b be 

crn;J.tnc ). D. HrJdJord, a High- IVC::f nry y a tractor cau~e 

b.nde~ alumnus, is prn1dnu of the the:: w~rn 01,1( _clutch_ would~ t 

A. F. cJ L. loca! thnt. pull, 8111 Bunnck an1ved wuh 

James Dambrowski w,15 a ddegatt" 

lo the Uniied Chn5tian Conference 

011 Democracy, at Cltvdand, Oh1u, 

''"lt'Jfl 2_) .:''). 

rhe car at a Chauanooga garage 

-to be informc:J that the total 

repair bill would amount to 

Sr4o. And that was the end of 

the car's service to Highlander. 

It was ldt with the dealer in ex~ 

L~wrance 1\:,~ be-en holding ckmge for a credit of $275. Now 

" 1onJI cla.:.~n lor tc~nntns anJ unless we buy a new car before 

\\',,r~cr' in Louin die, I May first we shall lose the cred-

"" 

1

'""'

111

'· it. Who will supply Ssoo to pay 

\\',- arr· !ortun.lle to ha1·e on hand 

tile auro dealer? 

H1ghl:ander has a motion picturo:-

film-PEOPLE OF THE CUMRERI.Al\'D-knuwn as one of the 

outstanding dot:umentary film~ in 

the country. It has been preserved 

for posterity by the deposit of a copy 

in the United States Archives at 

Wa~hington. But we have no means 

of showing it to anyone oursdves. 

A i.ikd 16 mm. sound projc-cror 

would br: welcome. A new one costs 

$:;oo. 

Ye-s, things do wear out. There is 

the mimeograph machirn:::. Afte.r 

years of hard service it still grinds 

out copy-but for sure we think it is 

on its last legs. A new, modern du. 

phcating machine is one of our im· 

portant needs. 

People wear otll too. An auto 

wreck and several illnesses have 

taken a hea\'y toll of time and energy 

from the sta.ff this winter. Hospital 

and d{)(tor bills slill remain to be 

settled. 

Tho:-:1 then:: i:; ~h;:: j:k.-;;.l.:ng. Vlh.tt 

the frigid weather did to our plant 

. hut we won"t go imo the horrible 

details. 

Highlander must have funds im. 

11"" .! ix~uliJu: .ollnuon of colored 

~],;_it-, (lu j,c !'T(qt·n,·d on a screen), 

tJh.t·JJ o! 1ht chiidro:n :at th~ nursery 

~daml. Tht·rc an- abo a kw slides of 

tht L(•ITI1ll\lllll)"' and or JC!J\JtleS at 

Bighhnder. Group~ imeresred in 

1 ·,;..: ck:.~ p1nurn shown at thrir 

,.,Jjil,;,, ~li..JulJ Will<" tu Jim Duw· 

bruwsb. lt might be possiblt for a 

,uff funn~J<"F tt. show the film~, ii 

the di~tatKt to be traveled is not too 

Claudia Lewis spoke on her wmk mcdiatdy to meet the costs of the 

,,1 Highlander at the conference of Spring Term. Vt/c nn continue our 

the National As!IOCiation for Nur~ry work only if everyone who is illtt:rEclucatiun iu Nt"W Yorir. iast f:or:ii. %(·1 esrcd in what we do wiil wntributc I ~~~ g~v: tw~ ltL_rurr:s ~£ thr: Bank St. every dollar possible to the support 

Educational Club in Covingto 

Ko:ntud<y. 

Teltrforo Ovi~do, after kading 

strike of the Pecan Workers 

which he was assaulted and i1 

jured, wntes that he is now 01 

of work and expects to go bac 

to Mexico. 

Brilyt Boill'y. ILGWU organize 

finds time to write a play eve 

though she has to take time ot 

to get her car rewired "as a resu 

of stooges whacking into it leavin 

me withou.~ lights, and gas line ur 

connected. 

Adelint Horn's writes that she ha 

thought of the "good old Publi 

Speaking courS("" a number o 

times latdy. She has bttn partici 

pating in panel di!ieussions ar 

ranged by the Teachers Union. 

The song book put out for thei 

ACWA local by Kathn-int" ant 

Eiizabnh Crim, who ]earned mim 

eographing here in the summer o 

1939, is an achievement. It woulc 

~ hard :~ End a :ni-r.~ognph~l 

hooklet that ~:ould surpass this one 

in the attractiveness of its S("t-Uf 

and the neatness and skill of exe 

cution. 

Odean Enl'stvdl, member of the 

State Committee of the Minnesoto 

Farmer-Labor Party, brought hi! 

bri<k to Highla.lldcr for the re 

uniOll. last November, and the 

newlvweds havt" ht-t-n <:n.-nrtino 
THE HIGHLANDER FLING · PuVli.~l1ed by tJte Higk.la1UieT Folk School 

----·~--------------~~~ ~----------~------- VOL. 2, NO 7 MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE NOVEMBER, 1940 

.• Sfr~dents' Reunion 

.'t For Nov. 22-24 

Highlander ts looking fon·ard 

to seeing old friends a.g.rlln at 

the annual alumni tolo'\<nl'Jn 

scheduled for No\'. :JZ-24. Homecoming week-end 1S a very speCial occasion. and we are plannmg a program that should provide food for fun and thought 

FndBy evening will be dPvoiRd 

to the cause of renewing old 

friendships. A program or general entertainment is planned 

More serious bustnes.s gets under 

way Saturday morning, with report.~ of the act!vlties of Highlander and of alumni In U1c 

field ol workers education WORKER-STUDENTS ~njoyint the p .. u and beoouty of lhe :mountain&. The~• 

F·ollowir:g lunch Wllliam Blltt-, !our. who :t!:-:::d:d t.l-,~ f.!.!! !e!"!!! !! H;~hb!~!:!~r. W!~ !! 'Eagle"• CUff." • few D>ileo~ 

rick. economics teacher. will lead I from the ..:hoc!. to have a !(l(lk at the ... u.,. hclow a discussion on the world <ua- ! _____ _ tion and its relation to labor. ---------

A rousing 'tamr of ·volley ball. 

~"b'"""'ul,' l.>lvoiCL ~p<Jft, Will round ~f! the afternoon and 

work up hralthy appetites for 

the banq'Jet Saturday night. Impromptu entertainment and singIng, followed by folk dancing, is 

on th-e f"vrning program SundA.~- morning 11. rPporl will 

be made• of thP C. I 0. MllVt'n- :io·~ :o':c" ·i:~l'C'~ t!~" ,;-!1: ~e 

a discusslOn on labor and polit!cs 

r ~- tl, -..,,.,_.;.·_-end 

prngm!Jl will b-e a consideration 

!1f h011· thf" Alum~! A...:;C>clatlon 

.Y.c ·,1 H1glllanrkr. and what 

<t11ri"n~· •·n" dC1 to hf"lp each 

j>_ f: <'"I'. d) 

rlinn~r "~'"''' 

r-ro;-;-~, n 

!-lng after Sunday 

off!c~~ll> end the 

F ASCI.ST LEADER 

ATTACKS SCHOOL 

Busy fa\\ Term Trains 21 Students In BetterUninnism 

The fall term for workers, Division, gave an important diswhich closed Oct. 26, brought 22 cussion of the enforcement proregular. and five special students cedures for the wage and hour 

to Highlander tor six weeks of law. Copies of his speech were resident study. Thesf' students, distributed to the press and pubtogether with the 203 visitors IJc from Mr. Eaves' Nashville or- who came duling the session flee. and his remarks were met represented 28 international lo.- with much interest from the stu- bar unions dents here and the general public. The students came from ten Bernard Bor!j.h, southern ,distates and Mexico. Federico Sal- rector of the Amalgama.ted 

azar, Mcxl~an electrical worker, Clothing workers, taught a class 

was sent to Highlander 'oy \.he on contracts. Also assist'mg 'l'l\th 

Pan-American Union as part of classes were Paul Christopher, 

a program of exchanging stu- secretary of the Tennessee Indents between the two ooun- dustrial Union C()uncll, a.nd Altries He Is a member o.nd ()!fJ- ton Lawrence, southern reprecer of the labor union for his sentative of Labor's Non-Partisan 

Industry, Sindicato Mexicano de League. 

Electnclstas. Other speakers durtng the term 

Thr Eleanor Roosevelt schol- included Lucy Randolph Mason, 

arshlp. announced earlier thls Publlc Relations representative 

year. was awarded to Ed Blair, tor the c. I. 0. In the South; 

Thf' latPst att('tilpt to discredit president o-f thE' Amalgamated George BasS, of t.he United RubHlgh!Rndci by shoutmg "red" and Clothing workers loCal at Nash- ber Workers; Elmer Brown, pres-

"l"Jfth colummst" L~ a forty-two vilie. ident of t..l1e New York !ocal of pag" pamphlPt "ThP Fifth Column In addition to the regular the Typogro.phlcal Union; VirJr. the· .s.,·__. 1h_., written by Jo.>eph classes in history, economics, un- gil Conner, editor ot the SouthP. Ka.1p. of the Constitutional JOn problems, dramatics, parlia- ern News Almanac; On·llle MasEduc-:ot(\OlJ<Ji LE.'agur. A large part mrntary law, union publicity. tin, cooperative expert; Gerald ~ (1,. ;:;, '!:•hk! is drvot.cd to there were weekly panel discus- Harris, Sr .. president of the AlaH-~l-.J~'"'i.·r A f_,..-,; 1:

111 ,. rlwrk to slons on problems of interest to bama Farmers Union; Dr. LllHI~h~;m•i .. , 1•Jr SlOO i' prominPnt- labor The discussion on organ- lian Johnson, donor of the High- c. .. ,... ...,,.q1 1 __ tile ;;.uthor izing was chaired by Edward F. lander Folk School prope-rty; 

ol 11 panophlt>t '"The Fifth C-ol- Callaghan. vice pr!.'sident of th-e John Schulter. Southern repre- umn n wa,Jun~ton'· which ar- American FedPratJon of Hosiery sentative of the- United Retail 

rordir.' tr, tlw NATION. NoVl'n'l- Workers. Rev. Ellsworth Smitll, and Wholesale Employees of 

!~';n? N,,:t ~~~~.~; f~mp~;~~e p::s~~ · ~~~:~~t~;iu:',Je C~;:c\~~nl:g: ~:~e~ ~:~ri~~. th'! YCh~~i~~'1°~~;~ $;:,~~= rl;-~~ c.!:',_.~- t.:' t)Jr most humble on cooperative~- The panel on lng Pressmen's Union; Joe Geld- national defense was led by YeJ- ers, secrete.ry of the Civil Rights 

,-erton Cowherd. Birmingham re- Committee of Ule Southern Cong\ona1 C. I. 0. dlrrctor and past terence of Human Welfare·, Dencommander of the American Le- nls Nelson 11.nd Preston Vallen of 

1-:Jon in Alab9-ma Fisk University, and Margot 

clrrk 1; :l Comrnun1st by convict;un an<:\ a f\{th co\umn\st by 

dmJC>.'" 

Colunmi~t John TPm111f Gravi's JJ wr;UJ;.- Ill Tnc A~lw•llk t:!ti-

,(wuil•ut·•i On Pag.,. "l"ff1li 

"\.\-'1!/.'n:>l E"vt>s. n•giona.J direr- Gay!!.' of the Women's Commit-

\ tnr fpr t.h•- U. S. Wage and Hour I tPe on Abolition of Poll Ta:x. 

v--1J-0V ( vJ 

I Capital Leaders 

Plan HFS Party 

Mrs. Francis Biddle and Mr. 

Archibald MacLelsh w111 give 

readings from their poems as the 

feature event of a Highlander 

benetlt at Pierce Hall, Washington, D. C. on the evening of Dec. 6. The prt-gram wm include 

the singing of folk ballads and workers• songs by Mrs. Zilphia 

Horton and short talks by Myles 

I Horton and James Dombrowski 

of the Highlander staff. 

The benefit is being a.rranged 

by the Highlander Washington 

committee composed of Mr. Malcolm Ross, chairman; Mrs. cur- ford Durr. vice chairman; Dr. Elizabeth Webb, secretary; Mrs. 

Mlchael Straight, assistant secretary; and Cha.rJes E. Handy, treasurer. 

Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt 

will head the list of patronesses 

and wlll attend. Other sponaors are Mrs. C-ordell Hull, Mr. and 

Mrs. John M. Carmody, Hon. 

and Mrs. Lee Geyer, Miss Kath- ryn Lewis, Miss Mary Anderson, 

secretary and Mrs. Harold Ickes, Mr. and Mrs. Gifford Pin-chot. Mr. 

and Mrs. Corrin Strong, Bon. and 

Mrs. Benham Baldwin, Hon. and Mrs. John Coffee, Ron and Mrs. 

John Collier. 

SCHOOL RECEIVES 

NEW ENDORSEMENTS 

Space does not penult us to 

print the many endorsements 

and fnendly letters that have come to Highlander in recent 

months 

As we enter the ninth year of 

service as an educational and 

cultural center for southern 

workers we are happy to know 

that never beofore has the school enjoyed such widespread support. 

Labor Leaders: 

.John L. Lewis wrote- on Oct 10. "I should like to take this 

occasion to commend the work of the Hlghlander Folk School, 

and to endorse it~; program and objectives. I think that the scbool 

is performing a noteworthy task 

In the field of liben11 and useful education, and that re--al reoog" 

nltlon L~ duE' for the g1·nerous 

and effective su~port which it 

gives to the struggles of labor In 

the South." Dr. George S. Counts. president of the American Federation 

of Teachers, "I have e-very confidence in the Highlander Folk 

School as an instltutl-on thor-

(ConUnned On Page Two) 
Page Two THE IDGHLANDER FLING November, 1940 ---- --------~~=::.:c-==.:....:==-----,------"-----'-----

NASHViLLE BANNE.R I 

SLANDERS WORKERS 

NEW ENDORSEMENTS 

{Contlnued From Page One) Faii FASCIST LEADER iittk·End l&rdtiites The annual institute for hos· (Continued From Pa,;e One) 

iery workers from Tennessee, oughly devoted;"" the interests zen. October 31, has 8<JII1e inter· ".<2., :;,~,: -.-.::( fl:lnrlt>r does not Alabama and Georgia was COD· o! working peoplr and the cause estlng biographical data on the 

llke orgamwd labor. It does not ducted this fall by Larry Rogln, o! American Democracy." Ed· author of these pamphlet.!!. "Ka.mp 

llke l.:tbor schools. In September educational director Of the ward 6. callaghan, BeOODd vice haS a record a mile kmg a' · the Banner srnt lt.s reporter, Mr. AFHW, and members of the president of th£ American Fed· rellow·wo. '".r with Pa.scl5ts Richard Battle. to Grundy COun· Highlander staff. Hosiery union eraUon Qf Hosiery Workers and AmPrlrA _ . Keening 1n 

ty to gn u ~Wry about the Foik officials stated that thls lnsUtute southern director,-"After a num-~.,.----,---th--, only Plft.h Column '1111!1"" School The article raises the the most successful In the old .. J.t>d .. issue again and also was tl 1St ani ber of years with having oontact thls war which has betrayed any anr,ounce~ the amaZing dtscov- history of te Tr- ate org . and personal visits to the High~ country has been com)XJ6f!d of 

ery thnt bank~rs. manufacturers, za~~n.Ell.6worth Smith, coopera· lander Folk School we have I Fascists, it is interesting to read and ant1-la\xlr employers do Dot live expert and pastor of the found It to be the most out· tJmt until 1937 Kamp edited the 

like Hi~hlander. Mr Battle doe' Third Presbyterbm Church 1n standing of lts kind 1n the pro·Fascistmagazine THEAWAK· 

not quo~,, our n••igh~~~~.~ • .}~~~ Chattanooga, led an Institute on United States." ENER. On his staff were Harold 

he does 11ot sN>m to wm~<- •u.,;u- Cooperatives pa:riicipated in by Nashviiie Trades and Labor Lord V!!.rney, ~1st propagandly of mountain people in gen- rural and urban leaders. CouncU: 1st, and Lawrence Dennis, author 

enu. tor he Spt'ak~ of them With Representatives of 22 labor or· In September when the Nash· of "The Coming American Fa.s· 

!rank cont .. mpt .. The country ganlzatlons gathered for a ville Banner carried an un~ elsm." When the AWAKENER people, tne n'sldcnt..s of cluttered LNPL Institute directed by A. A. suspended publication. Kamp 

cabin_, and untidy ~hacks," l.s hls Hartwell of the na~ional o!fice friendly article the NashvUle wrote to a follower, 'The work ~-., .. of 0,·sr· 1ll;n"' these proud th Le d Alto La Trades and Labor CouncU pass· ill be ___ d b "'' Co "- b of e ague an n w- ed a strong resolution, "Resolved: w ....,.. .. e on Y n~ and sturdy A:nrncan~ As a mat· renee. Southem representative. That the Nashville Trades and stltutional Educational League" 

t"r of !r.~! !l.nyonr who knows The final week-end Institute Labor Council In its regular (Kamp's present vehicle) . rlw mo'.~ll':<'r: \)f'Op\e knows that was on Workers' Education and Kamp was one of the sponsors of the!\· eabws usually arc models was conducted hy the Highlander meeting, Sept. 25• 1940• ~xpresse~ the Hotel Biltmore meeting at ol orjHws5 t~ml ncatnes.s We staff for Business ano Profes· regret at the dissemina ton o ""-"'k w)_;,• , 1, Batt!P's house ~n•~.cA the groundless rumors against which General Moseley was asked slonal. and Industrial ",.... the Highlander Folk School; that to ride the whlte horse for an "~;,"~'~ \.':('ar· 01 11 .,c had only secretaries from five southern the Council regards att..ackB on American Fascist putsch." 

i· 'a'• 0 ,,! ~~ n•:'.fl~~~~o:~· ::~~~ states and the 0 · of C. the school as a part Of the basic Leaders of the COnstitutional 

t.a.n fam.J <'~ rere1ve -,---;-- _ ¥~ ...... T,.., opposition . toward . ~; . la~r Educational League were sub· 

Mr Bat\lt could not fmd a I G U .r;t::;T .N ~ W::; I move~ent m general;_ Wlln ~ue poenaed by the LaFollette ComrJ Jl( rom. ~IJ pa htt!c to the Mrs. Virginia Durr, vice chair- ~unfcll :xpres::~ confl:nce ~ mlttee and ordered to bring all 

fz, • :~ (1,: )•_,, w~·It•' Yet w~ I man of Highlander's Washington e un _am~o soun ess bo reoord!l The daly before Mr. 

'."( 11 <·.11r,,,l''r- -~1·nrd st.at.e- Co.nmllttee, and Barbara 'Pr:l-ce. the ObJeCtives o! th~ la ~ Kamp loaded the records in his 

t) 'll. II~,.., ,, nn,•'1hn~ to whom secretary to John L. Lewis, stayed school· that the resolu ion b car and t.Hsappeared. In hls tes· 

; •"Jd hm:.l w1th us for a week. sent to the press." Umony before the Committee Mr. 

tl ;,; nm·~r ol tllc nw.mlam pe(l- Dr. Lillian Johnson, donor Of John Dewey: Chester A Hanson, Se-cretary-

"'""'JllllV JUSt con- 1 the Folk School property. visited ..,._,. treasurer of the COnstitutional 

'l.o 

·:-) :,L" 

, o[ Ute us for a week during the fall S '~W~en ~e :ru,·g~l~uie-r I.e ~~:Educational League, stated- ttui.r-· 

,,cl::ng for the tenn.. c 00 was oun e • wro a 'the purpose of the League was ,,• ,, , '''·" Paul Chnstopher. secretary- I regarded It as one of the most .. d t" rta.lnln to the Co _ 12 years treasurer (If the c. I o. in Ten· important social - educational e uca Jon pe g n 

· _,!.J: .. ~chool of ne51;ce, was guest of honor at the projects In America. The achieve· thstltut,io~."thaTt"thtlmonCoy C::t:l,ope~ WPI\' known Farewell Banquet. ments or the school in the past e ~ e ns Uwona ,ofl')ks -and N_ A. zonarich, president (If eight years confirm my original Edttcatwnal Lea.gue had nothing 

" nosenwald the Aluminum workers of Amer. judgment to do with the Constitution or 

"l :dL glad to ica, came by :for an aiternoon The ~rganized labor mDYf'- with education. 

lff much good shortly after the term. ment is one of the most lmpor- Testimony before the COmmit· , Folk SChool tant. if not the most Important. tel' also showed that the League 

" ""-mity, both ate and df'rogatory journall.stic bulwark of democracy. Helping sold 40,000 ooples of a pamphlet, 

,~,r. altruistic exploitation of the Highlander southern unions to educate an "Join the CIO and Help Build a 

w:11. Til·. 11,1w proved their Folk School's Ideals and actlv\. Intelligent native leadership, and sov1et America" to the Republic 

f; ~~·n;i::J••P e~,Jl·,:ll!:\iy to the poor ties by zealous newspapers which In promoting a better under- Steel COmpany which were d.isf\~ll: Il':<·•n \l!S c R. Starr. are alarmist In 1nteiltlon not standing of collective bargaining, tributed wherever steel workers 

lHrs.dt'l~·"'·.J! thr P.-T. A., wrote. oniy tend w jrupardlze t.'1e good L)].e High!andf'r Folk SchQOl Is were t.-ti .. '"lg to or[f' .... '"'.ize. The , ,, 11,1" 11 1<- that they work of the Highlander Folk making a considerable contrlbu- south was flooded with these 

,n,t.;nJty'" School but increase suspidon o! Uon or democratic institutions." pamphlets during the campaign 

H,- n· -It>- L \'/Jrlnt'Y, re.ctor a free press in America." And Ministers: of the Textile Workers Qrganiz· 

''•·; ... n'.T, wrote. from Henry M. Thompson, mer. Jng Committee 1n 1937. of the chant of Tracy City, our County Rev. Eugene Smathers, Big 

,,b]c judg- seat. oomes the following, " Llck. Tenn., Presbyterian mlnlsul!lsecrateU After spending 48 :,.·ears with the t.er, author of a pamphlet re· 

~vmmu- people of this section. I think I cently published by the Fellowtin·, ~-··, ·~ believe it know quite a lot of what has, ship or Southern Churchmen on n·r·ct · And Dr and Is going on here. I have the church and the community. 

: lJ 'kcr, editor been to the school on numerous "In this day when democracy l.s li; , ww, &ald. orcas Ions, have had ample op- on the defensive It l.s exceedingtor First Congregational Church 

ot Memphis. moderator of Tennessee Conference and Historianin·chief of Sons of COnfederate 

Veterans, •• the school is do- Ing an excellent and much need-

·~ lw 1-i: ·i·l :'1der Folk portunity to iind out l.: they liy lmport.ant thnt every <;"roup In ed work In its area." 

·Ill lmpor- were Commun\st.s or were teach- our population be accorded Its '\'''' ., wnhlr· l<Cnl~e in !ng that theory In thf' school. rights. This Includes labor's Y. w. C. A. Secretaq: '· ;,,,;-,. '"· ·~"~'" a•o ,.,,-1 .... 111 .. t .. t., t.h<>t. T h:•w• never rleht to onmnize and to have 

, '' l~,,.·JJJ,-,:.,,1' ~:~ti:,"y I ;;~';, ~~-· h;;;d .. ;.;n-r. l.hin-g --ih~i stlwols whiCh m:epare Its leaders 

r-f :)l'i•t;-:·Hi :;1 ri w~Hl.i eondlt.ions would lead me to believe they fOI' their task m a democracv. ·· ... ,,,b roo·, "err anything but a group of The one labol" school which is 

· ··:wvubh' I Amer:lcans trying to help the doing this task well In thP South 

•.• :o , ··uudion of people of the Cumber lands en· Is the Highlander Folk School.. 

:;1h: ,!,:• umd1t:ons of liv- joy more of the American way " 

· '·' :'"hl'rlm!n- of life." Rev. Mar:;hall WingHeld, pas· 

Miss Josephine Abrams. mdustrlal secretary, YWCA, Knox· 

ville, Tenn .. "The school ts doIng a fine piece of work not on1:y 

for the students but also for the 

community as a whole.. I on:ty 

wish there were more places do- Ing slmllar work." 
THE HIGHLANDER FLING 

Pwbli$"-ed by t1ie HighlaJUler Folk School 

·~:~·_L_._:..~.~~-~-::~:-;:---r;=======M=O=NT==E=A=G=LE::::TE==NNESS===E=E======:::;-r:~:::-.:::-::-~FEB~~R~U~AR~~Y~l9~ 'Crusaders' Seek THE WHITE HousE, Highlander Benefi1 

To Close HFS WAS!lf"GTON The program for the mghlan 

F6bn&a"ll 1; 1941. er Wa.shington benefit on Dece1 The H!ghlur:der F'Ql.k School Is My Dear Mr. Dombrow8ki: ber 6th consisted of the readi 

a hotbed of communism-the 1 am sending you the same amount aa I aent you laet 21ear ot "Anterlca Was f'romlsea" Russian flag i.s saluted at the end a& my contribution toward 0 scholarahip itt the Highlander Archibald MacLelsh; a ball 

M evN:,· cia:,.; 11nd the students Folk School. poem "And They Lynched Hi 

sing "Keep the Red Flag Waving" 1 have had the achool checked by people In whom 1 have on a Tree", bY Katherine GB.rl 

-thP school Is against the U. S. absolute confidence and am cont--inced that the newspapeT at- son ChaPln, sung by the Was. 

government, publicizes the poverty tack and the (/Toups which have been opposed to 1/0U are not tngton Choral Bociety and t 

o! Grundy County, and has a de- opposed to you becouae of any Communist octivttiea but be- Howard University Glee Clu 

morl!l>zmg and dbll11Rgr~tmg ef- cau&e they are opposed to labor organization and, therefore, mountain and worket'B' balla 

feet on tllf county generally. labor education. Thi& seems to me a moat unwtse and short- sung by ZUphla Horton; and N 

TJ1ese and utl1Lr charges or U1e sighted attitude and, therefore, I am continuing my support. gro !olk. songs sung by Houd 

semc kind wen: rooked up by C l hope this spring to come down to see the school myself. Leadbetter <Leadbelly). 

H. K.1\by. a pett:. of!ldal of the VeTJIIrincerely your•, The spollllOrs were Miss Ma 

Tenne~e~ Consolldated Coal Co., ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, Anderson. Bon. and Mrs. Benha 

and made t.he excuse for a night- L----------------===:.:_.:_:._::.:_.:_.:;::._;::_::.:__J J Baldwin. Justice and Mrs. HUJ 

Ume mr.ss march on the school 1 n rene•int htr ocholaf11hlp contribution of a bundnd dotl.ara, llrs. Prank- Black, Mr. and Mrs. John Ca l.a.s'. November l".:th. "Just a plllin lin o. Ro""oveh WTOtc .,. thia lenu ....;th a meu1or..,dw:n aurho..Uifl&" mody, Hon. and Mrs. John Coffe pr:a~erw ousinPss ''isicution," an- ita pubtu:ati011. Hon and Mrs. John Collier, Mi 

now1-:rct Mr Kllby. But the -· Harriet Ell1ot, Bon. and Mrs. !A espec- ially when 1'i-am the other side of 

his mouth this SW'OJ.ggerlng Uttle man declared: "lt IS the duty o! ewrY c.ommuntty afructed With 

un-Amerlc.an groups to act." 

National C. I. 0. 

Endorsement 

HFS Executive Geyer, Ron. and Mrs. Leon He derson, Mr. SJdney H1llman, Mr Council Formed Cordell BUll, Secretary and Mr. 

The C.I.O. oonventJon meeting 1n Atlantic Clty uns.lilinously ap- "P!''R>>k. (;of ~:J.hor of democracy, proved a resolution, November 

an;\ o' ]Jlaln ll!.W and order sent 22nd, endorsing the alln.s and pro- ;.~ut•· .,t d\("I J""'•·cr, tn K!lby and gram of the Highlander Folk 

11lo ,.,,. ::r:•-· '·'' n.;,nT',•·.~ In a Pcllool. The endorsement wa.s tnl("ovpmor of Lhr .,tlltr. Prf"sldent of the Tennessee Indus~ 

,,., ..• _~!•1-' ;; ' .f r, HClC'." .C<J(Jj)(T.I troduccd by WlllJam Turnbla:r.er, 

ol.' .,,,. '·''' !.-n'lc ·:.r· ,.,,.,_ ~~-nl Union Council and District 

K. b'

. "" "·' [19 o! !.he United Mine Workers of ZL<~ .. ~e~ ::p !l pu;-op·.·; ur- America, and bore the personal 

f,J• 

. r' 

' · T!·r· r.r :ndy signatures of five international c:•:s to be the union presidents, four vice pres!- ,., c,,JI,,::.· Coun- dents of the c. I. 0., and prac- ·w f ,, r· rfalsely) tlcally every southern director 

·, "'"'·d labor, present The convention con- ~ !1r Erq and d<>mne-d efforts to "discredit and 

<-Teacher defame" Highlander "as an attack !l.~J·.,·. ··, r. r r'" /J'.t- 0'-'':1 fraternal on the progressive labor move- ···c "l '"' • ·~ "··""'! -r of United ment or the South." 

Slogan: 

'!-J.- ; ·;~ In ·'·' ·nr·,·Tism." Sole proposed aeeond conferenet'-to a 

P~l;k~ ~' II-' rid 01 ttTe Hlgh- man the Crusaders fa.iled to ac-

!n!;dLT F'.J!~ [;c~t-d } r.owledge receipt of the 1nv1taSc ~c. tl," .::r·.;~ .. ,Jrr~ have con-

~J>Ic:um,~r:: not 5j.)okcr. tJJL "Olce of uo_;~ would llke to thJnk there 

Ur·w'·.- CDo•r'"v 1:'1•1 only lJ..stened :

5 no danger 1n the o.cUvttles 

• • ~~ • 1 of such a creature, but whether 

To increase Highlander's con- tribution ln the !Jeid o! workers 

education, an executive council of 

southern educators and labor representatives has been fonned to work with directors of the school 

formulating the progr8.1rul and polJcles 

The council met at the school 

December 14th and 15th, surveyed 

the achlevements of the year, and 

contributed valuably 1n setting up 

the program for 1941. Members 

of the councU are; 

Bemard Bonili. Southern DI- rector Amalgamated Clothing 

Workers of America. 

Roy Reynolds, President Printing Pressman's Union, Chatta- nooga. 

Lucy Randolph Mason, Public 

Relations Representative of the 

C. I. 0. 

Edward 

President 

American 

Workers. 

8. Callaghan, Viceand Southern Director 

Federation of Hosiery 

Harold Ickes, Dr. Mordecai John 

son, Miss Kathlj'Il Lewis, Mn 

Howell Moorehead, Mr. and Mr1 

Duncan Phillips, Mr. and Mn Glfford Plncbot, Mrs. F'ra.nklln D 

Roosevelt. Miss Hllda Smith, Mr and Mrs. L. Corrin Strong, Dr and Mrs. John Studebaker, Han and Mrs. Jerry Voorh!s. 

Highlander's Washington com- mittee Is oomposed of Rev. Ernes1 

A. DeBordenave, Mrs. Charle! 

Collier, Mrs. Clifford DurT, Mr Charles Handy, Rev. A. T. Moole. gan, MisS Mary Price, Mrs. Mal· oolm Ross, Mrs. Michael Stra.lght 

Miss Elizabeth Y. Webb. 

The New York COmmittee gav1 

a theatre benefit on January 12U 

using Marc Blltzsteln's new pia;~ 

"No For An Answer." All ticket< 

were disposed of and the benefll 

'WaS highly SUCees&ful. A 1.6-pa.g< 

flluslrated pamphlet on Highlander Wll:l prepared by the cottJ.mlttee 

and advance copies were distributed at the theatre. 

Sponsors o! the benetlt were: 

R::tn· Mr. and Mrs. Kirk Askew, Mr. ..,·.o ,, lC IJI"c·d !J, Drt.roiL. he II; h!mself aware of It, there 

iuU''l !'1· , .. · .,. Co,:r;··,JJ:J a rt:il 1.~ In his manipulation of the Paul R. Christopher, 

Secretary Tennessee 

Union Council. 

Executive Industrial end Mrs. Chester B. Bowles, Mrs. 

X1.1·. Ethel Clyde, Mrs. Henry Epstein, ·t. 1,.qoibr;: Cru- sons of this and the daughters of 

1 ll> tlwy that, the pattern of real Fascism . 

. ~.) 1 The KJ!bys and their sponsors 

c.c~.'·~~,_,., r• ;nd L1 b:e meet~ will not rest until they have Dr Albert Barnett, Professor of 

George Tttler, Unlted Mine Mr. and Mrs. Frederick V. Field, 

Workers of America, District 50 Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Fillman, MiS~. 

~<'ith '"·'' of the broken up not only America's Theology, scarrnt College, Nash-

·,\. t' ,.( ~ome of schools for labor, but American ville. 

JHie,!tt thi.S labor as well. Matt Lynch. American Fedcra- "11 .d,r~~l('e. K!!by yP.mm~rs that the coP.l tion of HosJery Work"rs, s.nd 

· ·' • ' t.o the company Is a hundred per cent Chairman H. F. s. Alumni .Assocl-

~! ill 

• • 1 ' J . ' t ~ J:l' 

tJ>8' r. .. ,') .c·~ 

,.n a.ppar- for organized labor and that It atJon. 

bcH, sides has M 1..hing to do with this at- Alton Lawrence, Southern Repcn:rfe~ence tack on the school. Whlle It Is rescntattve Labor's Non-Partisan ~-.a~ rJ,,,! .t:i. r,-_ter tl.e cru- true that since the N. I. R. A. J...eague. 

• '"r· :1·,·ir 1 riRYS the oompany ha~ Tl'CoPJlzed Dr. George Mayhew, Professor 

Margaret Frohnkecht, Mr. 

Mrs. WUliam Gaston, Mr. 

~d 

~d 

Mrs. Waller Gellhom, Mrs Dan-

!~! 8. Gtllmor, Mr. tmd Mr$ . .\rthur Harlow, Jr., Miss Gloriu 

Barris, Mr. 11.11.0 Mrs. Corliss Lamont, Mrs. William Lescaze, Mrs 

D. Ellls IJtt. Mr. Marshall MacDuffle, Jr., Mrs. Samuel Marrus. ·;,- '' · " 'I " miners' union, Grundy Coun- of Religion, Vanderbllt University, ...... P.U.tr" lJTcl ty mmers have not forgotten that Nashvllle. Mr. and Mrs. Grorge Marshall, 

. c <"',>Llr•cll recent- the T. C. C. was formed durbg a Joe Dobbs, Plumbers Union, A. Mr. and Mrs. Lionel C. Perera. 

· ~ .. •r·~, ~Dt:eij,~;•f;t,'-.Co .. ttnllou "'~"0•nililiPiag•e Two••'••F•. o

0

f-L

0 

.. 

0

Chliooa

0

t

0

t.n-0ooga,a.____ 1rconttn11ed Qn ~Twol.....,.q-

\ 
Page Two THE February, 1941 JUGHLANDER FUNG ------··------------------ --------,---

llighli.Qhis Of 1940 (county And 

STUDENTs--

Ia) Rcsidt•nt Tcfll'~: i'he Enrollment ol the Sp~nng 'i'l'rm v-<<1.~ 

18, the Fall Tenn 27. Fall T>·rm 

students rEpresented nine ln~nnatlunal "JniOns and C:lnli' fron1 

r.ine =ulhern staLes and Mnw<:· 

(b) Spee:al Sesslou: J'-lni0! 

L'n1on Camp !or thte childr~u oi 

Nashville Union members, 13 

memb2rs; southern Writer~ WorkBENEFITS 

!Continued From Page Onel 1 Community News Jr .. Mr and Mrs. Eliot Pmtt, Mr [ 

and Mrs. Bernard P.£is, Mr. PBu! Hlghltmd~r has Jcng wanted a 

Robeson, Miss Barbara Wertheim traveling hbrary as part at its 

n-,," Nashnl.~e oommlttet• spon- wunty service La.~t month the 

sor~<~ u. 'PUblic meet1.ns for High- project took to t.he road with 

land c1, No'iembrr 15th, in the Mary Lawrance as chauffeur e.ncl 

d.·;,pel ol lh~ Methodist Board of librarian. Twic~ 9 week the car 

I·orcign Missions. Jim Dornbrow- t.ours the count)', and people litski de:><:ribed the work or the erally watt in thr road for it. In school, and Mrs C. R Star.-, January 83 books were withdrl\wn 

President of the Summerfield once, 10 books twice, and 2 bOoluo ~hop fOr co\le~e stuctent.s rmd Parent-Teachers Association. ga\'c 3 umes. 

workers, 18 students: Wc>rk C:c1:;: I her reason!> tor endorc-ing It 

tor America iu1 c.JJ~ege studt'!J!..' ~----------- ----·--- A Sacred Harp singing c'ass 

und workPro, 26 mrmb~r.'. EDUCATION January 1940. (21 I directed by ZUphia Horton, _has 

(c) hlstltutes: _ Tn-St.aw Con- "It Takes CO~age and 'Ingen~Jty··. been meeting once a week smce 

fcrence for H0s1e;y Workers, 40 by Claudia Lewis, PROGRESSlVE December 29th. 'fh~ average _atatt~:nc\lJJr;: JniotmaJ .conference on E-~·-,·~~r.· "'~·----- '""n· 11 , tendance 1s 15, and 1t is growmg 

worker,<; educatwn fur Bu!>mb.> ... ~~~~~~~~;;-:. ~Fo~'"~~h~t'M J~~ I Some of the singers r-;;;call how 

Profession:~] ami Jndustnal Sec- formal Hist.ory", by Leon Wilson, their parents and grandpar<!nts 

rttariPs ol thf' y W C A., ll in MOUNTAIN LIFE AND WORK used to sing the stirring old Saattenrbnce Irom f1ve somhPrn Fall, 1940, , 41 "Highlander Fol:: cred Harp "splrltllals." Old man 

st«.teE; Labor's Non - Purtlsan School", part of an article on Summers, grandson of the Original 

Lr2rt:r Hl' at•cnrlmr: from south- Folk Schools. by James Dombrow- settler Of Summerfield, walked a 

' ski, Journal of Adult Education mile plus to be with US a fe~ cnnsunH'r:> Cooprrativc-;. 11 at- October, 1940 ; (51 "A Good SctJooi Sundays ago an_d said he ha::lnt 

t.Pndin;· fn~ tr!-st:J.tr arl'l' Total Under Attack". by Bruce Bliven, heard such Singmg in fifty years 

att.<en~n.lH'e, 272. editorial in THE NEW REPUB- The pottery kiln, built for the 

PANl·:~ DISCUSSIONS DUR- LIC, De-cember, 1940. Summuiield Cooperative and the 

~:'G -~F.E:IDENT TER:C.1S Staff EXTENSION: Mary Lawrnnc:" school by last summer's Work 

Work•·J '''n~~~~;-~~~r. fl~,:~l·.'il::;~~ &pent three months in Loutsville Camp for America. was fired ex-

''TJ~tc ~-~ c,·)~t'fll Sc~~',t~.·- ').l,':••d·.·r. ~;~t~tl a P:;;:::~~lof~~l t:uncf ~~~~~~ ~;~~~o~.lly ~~dC~~e~:e~~!i~ A C w A . "Orga!ll/lll~ M"tll- "IHl kxt1le workers, and. twJ ~h week to work tup ~t..s clayb anc: 

,,;~ ,1,. I lei! (;,!J\'" 0 ,_ I ~:~;~t~~:. 1~ y~~~o:n~-~~~l;~~~lll~~~l~ tlf~~e p~;~eirospt>c so some eaur_..-. •" l'r 1 .Ad: .<··:. S]J· lll t"o weeks lt>ading dib- Maria Stenzel, handcraft teach-

\_.;,i•.r h·.,r'tr_:a~;;.,n L:\\; /,.L~t;L~ C"lJ~oion and singing In camps !o: er, Is beginning o. children's c1as~ 

1 cl: ,, :,;,,-,_ lJh:ustr;al and prof~S-'iional girls, in pupJ:)('try. Tl1e fu-st production 

I Y W. C. A. Zllphla Horton wa~ Hansel and GrPtel v.-Jtll overtone 'J.abur LC!'l'ola- In charge of the office and organ- of the local labor~Crusader ba: 

iJ· Ad.'.'g-;~ ' C-~~·;hT, lZing for thl' Amalgamated Cloth- tle, wM a smas/~ succf'ss 

''·', J 

s. C<>li.~~;•.-·•n, ~;m::.~.~kp~a~e N:;:hq~~~~t ~;~;~ ·'·•r A:'wJ ;,.,-, 11 1-• thro:Jghout the southeast VisitingF ., anl 

I lL..L' 

'-'j 

'': H· 1'·<'fY. Wor;-;,·Is: "Cu ah1mni, spPaking tQ ullion grour:, 

· •·adu, R~v. Ellswonll attendmg con'erences, local and ~ : l 1 ,. d Pre·.byl,-~i..:, 

Cl.,\t!a:;oo~;. "Na\l<ILal 

Ye:,c;·Vl;l Co·.;, 

hr·_td. z: 1- r_na~ Dlrf'Ctor, l; L 0 

"f>:nr.:J -·' c,;-r, 

co:,lMI NJTI' (11 Hr·l]•l'd (U1lrrnmJlf nrganit.e qui!tln~ roopt·> 

' 1 r)~cr--, t;;J:. 

(!j{_.i" ILO 

national. 

VISITORS: 690 visiU:Jrs sigm j 

tllf' school gul'st book during 194:1. 

Highlander gave two Chrbtma: 

parties. one fo1· children of t.llc 

Nursery School, [I.Jlother for ol•k 

children. Banta. Claus, actlr.~ 

~omethlng lli>c Dad Horton, dispelled the magnificent treasureo 

~! clothing. books, and toys ,CO!l· 

t~;buted by fr!C'nds of the schOfl; 

CRUSADERS 

(ConUuned From P..,-e One) 

lockout, that the mines were 

manned wlth strikebreakers, that 

the companY locked oui the inlnc-n; in 1924 and broke the union, 

and that for twenty years :he asse-ts of the company have 1llclm1~ 

ed five machine guns. SomebOdy 

Is going down in his pocket ior 

KJlby's traveling and agitating ex- penses {a lot of which are occurring on the company's timel ancl 

it 1s not, we vmture, Mr. Kllby 

who 1s about the biggest deadreat 

the mountain has ever known 

The coal company has some mteresting connections with Joseph 

P. Kamp, the out and out Fascl.st 

propagandiSt whose scurrilous 

pubiitatiOfi ''The F'.ft.'l Cclunm. !n 

The South" we described in :he 

November FLING. Alvin Henderson, a leading Crusader and cashier of the company controlled 

First National Bank o! Tracy City 

gave out the photograph of Mrs 

Roosevelt's nrst hundred dollar 

check for Highlander which appears in &-amp's "Fifth Column_·· 

Hundreds of these pamphlets were 

distributed in the county just bt>-

fore the projected vlgUante march 

and convenient take-one piles 

were kept on the company store 

counters. 

Thanks to this "crusade" High- lander has now more friends tluul 

ever. "Yollr fight ls our fight,'· 

writes the Goodwill FurnaCfWorkers Union of Wrigley, Tennessee, sending a ten dollar con~ 

tribution. It is one oi many. A 

county local of the United Mint' 

Vl.'orkers of America has passed a 

resolution endorsing the school 

sununer!ield resldent.s have ordered Kilby out of their houses 

when he has come to peddle hi~ 

.. absolute fact.s." 

The fight 1s by no means finIshed. The NEW REPUBLIC 

which carried an excellent account of the affair in its Decemb~r 9th issue, says: "There are 

pl<onty of people in Tennessee who 

don't want a school that prepares 

efficient spokesmen for labor, and 

:l' '-_•\\' 

('(J,, 

i will stoop to almost anything to 

destroy lt." 

sLc ' d '(l)' 

'.; -o: 

I< ll",' 

JL•J:• ~ll ·~ , .. f; ')u,-,~ 

'·o\T!ON.'-' "' OUR 

'! "" ,, 

.'. '·.>>J JT .\'IE.'\~<." ~tq­

·~' .':'Oll'rt-1 OF 'llW 

1 ...... ()]> lht· :,(,:i ::.-.. I OF f'l£1.-D AND T"AL> 

• :, ' Rrport~ of st'idt·nt ,-,n U:-110:-1 ProLlcl"'· 

Ynntb (1- '" ! 

'!_lNG. 

F.2 Plln!.ISHED 

Conference On 

Democracy 

Tlle second State Con!erenc(' Or . 

. 

1 

Democracy In Tennessee w1ll b(· 

held ln Nashville, F~bruary 2:.!-::.>:l 

v. ith WV". 0. Lowe as chairman and 

, Hullis R6d, legislaVIvt: n-:pre~\"ni­

, atlve of the Railroad Brotherhoods, RS executive vice-chairman 

Poll Tax repeal, protc'ctiorl oJ 

cJvil llbert1es. and the right~ oi 

!:;_bor will bP the main suojer·t 

or discussion. 

Highlander urges everyone• in· 

tere'>ted in the preservation o 
;... --

THE HIGHLANDER 

Published by the H\gh.Ulnder Folk Bchool 

~~LING \'OL 3, NO. MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

Former Siudenis Tennessee 1 Pirtle Case Goes to 

Organizing Commonwealth Supreme Court 

Here are the current organiz- Federation The Henry Pirtle poll tax case 

mg and negotiating acth"lt1es or Organized will be taken to the u. s suB ;::,Jandoor students· preme Court this spring by the 

Cecil Pegues, member or t11e Acceptmg Llw challenge of John So-uthern Conference For Human 

Mme, Mill and Smelter Workers, B Thompson, chairman of the Welfare and the Unl.ted Mme 

recently orgawzed the D1xle Metal Southern Confl'rence l''or Human Workers of America. The case 

Produrts Company or Bf'ssenwr. Welfare, that "all men are to be has been In the courts since SepAlc.bama, a LOUf!h JOb to Judge b; JUdgf'd in their devotion to real tember. 1939. Pirtle, a resident of 

prrvious attempts at unlomzat!on democracy by their willingness to Grundy County, Tennessee, obtJ,·re Currentlv he Is negotmt- defend and extend It In times of jected to paying for the right to 

ing a contract rOr the new union emergency," the Tennessel' Con- vote and sued three election 

Cf'c~l lS also busmf'ss agent for ff'rence on Democracy meeting In judges and the Attorney General 

t;,. WJ.u:c~n:., LuLJ.l ot thr Blr- Nash\'illf' on Wash!r!.gtDn's D!rth- of Tennessee_ On March 6th, 1941. 

minp-h:1m Retatl Clerks day ornanized the Tennessee the Sixth U. S. Circuit Court of 

Au t•lertion was recently held Commonwealth Federation. _ Appeals gave a deci.~lnn in favor 

a:·,ri \I.Oil by the TWUA at the The purpose of this orgamza- of the poll tax. '" 

Lou:u-.villl' Sal!itary Wipen Com- t1on Is "to Jom ln common cause With the poll tax fight taking 

~-:r_" L!? Y~rio:-' .. H:ghbnder Jp40 all men and women. lncludmg on national lnteflst, there hav,"O 

..... ~ , ....... ~wen< .. m the tw~ I those Who labor on the !ann, In I oome many requests !~.r copies of 

WP<"k orgamzmp- that brought on I offlce, mine, rnUl, or els~where, "South of the Ba\lot, the a_ntlili(- ,- 1

,--wn- L\1 Yador1 b fi butird for ooncerte(l_ mdependent pol!tl- poll tax pl&y written by Hlghnwmber of Uw TWUA, Local 2 cal action." lander students. 

Ed Blair, who att€nded High- H. V. Reid, legislative repre- ----------

lr-,1\do:or m-, t.hr· Eleanor Roosevelt senl.attve of the Railroad Broth- BEREA CONFERENCE 

'->1· -~h·J· h or:;anilJng for the erhoods, was made chainnan and Staff members and alumni took 

-~· '· _,--,,: tT·rl At the successful an executive board was elected part In a Labor-Student ConferCII·· · "''" 1n Atlanta he was In from the C. I. 0., A. F. of L., thc ence, held last month at Berea. :.l"r:~in--,:rnt Oll four Railroad Brotherhoods, and Kentucky, and sponsored by the 

t~le Plcl-:H lm~ ~nM in th~ d.rli-.'P [liberal groups who had JOintly Y. W. C. A. -··- ... -·-- --·--·-~ sponsor<'d th<' conference_ Mrs. Myles Horton oi Highlander and 

1 . Ruth Ct!tlE'r. 1018 Cotton States Dr. Arthur Raper of the Farm ~m "' 11 'f Bldg., NashVllle, Is the Fedcra- Security Administration were the 

.--·,_~·:~~~~~;n~orke~~e~~ · tion's Secr2tan·. r::~;,~lllp~a~e::ton~ingnt!rta~~ ;: .,,xy:_iie By resolution the Federation J 

:: 'n•r sr.d Pres1dent 

· ilPr AJnmni Associ-

!.: 2 <_Jl I· L>ttek in Tencondemned the ''Grundy County ment hlghspot was the play put 

Crusaders," pointing au that the on by Bernie Schmidt, fanner stuCrusaders' attacks on Jaber people dent, wlth a cast from the Steel 

and labor institutlun.:; cunstitute Workers Union of Cleveland, 

.;: ~·na! munths of ac- a threat to democracy and na- Ohio. Other Highlander alumni .!pp! tional unity. present were Jackye Kwallek and 

~~--. t:•?•~. TW1J'A, wa~ one of 

~'· g:ot.uttor~ at the 

;,:._.. ~:. Jc .~1,:,, Lumbert.on, N.C., 

'·.-r.·,,-1-.r wa~f' increases 

:ar~·iug from ~ pt'f cent to 15~ 

P"l" c·--r.t Jolm's Uruon has ace;~ !red a new hall. 

Other Alumni Attlvtty 

Bernie Schmidt (summer '39l Is 

t.he new secretary or the Highlander Alumni Association, and 

editor-publisher of the "Alumnews," official organ of the Alumni Association. Mary Lawrance 

has replaced Bill Buttrick as 

Alumni Corresponding Secretary 

Lillian Sargent, o! Lexington. 

RECENT ENDORSEMENTS 

The United Mine Workers, lOC&l 

7708 in Grundy County, and the 

International Mine, Mill and 

Smelter Workers Union are among 

the organizations which have re- cently endorsed Highlander. 

APRIL, 1941 

11Vational Ll'--/PL 

Director To Speak 

John T. Jones, NationalA 

rector of Labor's Non-Pai!l!:l 

League and President of Dist:rict 

16, U. M. W of A., has accepted 

Highlander's invitation to speak 

to the spring tenn student.s. A£, 

legislative representative of the 

C. I. 0., Mr. Jones has been carrying on the fight for passage 

of the Federal Coal Mine Safety 

Bill 

A large number of labor peapie irom Tennessee ii.fiU a.d.jOining states are planning to b~ 

present Sunday, May 18, when 

Mr. Jones will speak. 

Robert pru~en,_t"R~A..:-..!o Teach 

Robert Cruden, publicity di.ri'Ctor of the United Rubber Workers. will .ioin the teaching staff 

for. the sPring tenn. Mr. Cruden 

was here last spring. We are 

happy to have him come ba-ck. 

THE HIGHLANDER STAFF 

On the way back from the 

Berea Student-Labor Conference, 

Myies and Ziiphia Horton stopped at Lexington to visit the many 

alumni there. Jackyc Kwa.llck. 

arrang-ed Lhe meeting. Present 

were Mrs Adams and Pauline Adams, L1l Sargent, Zola Spiegel, 

Elizabeth and Bob Hall. Pauline 

Adams and her Junior Union put 

on an original play. 

Mary Lawrance spoke to the Atlanta Workers Education Conference in December on "Education 

In Local Unions." She returned 

in January to attend the Southern Conference of the Textile 

Workers. During the Christmas 

season she addressed the executive 

board o! Branch 10, American 

Federation of Hosiery Workers, 

Reading. Penn., who contributed 

B.;. to the 5chool; and on February J;,,.,,_.:, 'b loca: ILG\\'t::, ln 

!.' D:~.!~:o.:.ahall Blllyels 

·,- .r•' ••··· •;nlon's educational 

I'·., ""' ,·n<b the- following , las.,es fer 1

3rd she outlined the school'.!. pro-

,-;;o;;;;;"'-.;:yoi"i'WI gram for the Goodwill Furnace Workers Union of Wrigley, Tennessee, another contributor. 

,, 

ll. 

'- · ·n<J for negro 

11, "' pwcedurf', _par- ··JJi.ar;_,• lav. and public speakH-tr,~·: of trade unions and 

\'.I' , n:l st,Jdy of g-ar-

'"·'f >,fa• tun; In the recre- 9.1'<' b;n~o games, 

.. "":; :>ll I. Q.'s. 

white ~~~;;.,ocr~ a~d ~~~I ,,,._ l'-1b<-'ro Plans an' b-eing 

to r>xttnd the clRM,(!li to 

· n, G·•-,Jf'!~l, where there are 

<.i:;.mnl. 

... a~ aletted rc· 

,.·c·;,_t:.ry of her Nashville 

1 ,.,.,d )net her iob. ~nd Is Mary Lau;rm!ce, HFS teucher, ahows Pearl Allen a point 

,-,h""f !m!m! 1m1J1iritu nrher!! in thr arot!!! arr Llo?td D{H;itJ. 

S(.'HEDULE FOR 1941 

May 12-24 Two week term for union workers 

June 7 and 8 Inst1tute for 

American Federation of Hosiery Workers 

June 9-21 Junior UnJOn 

Camp. 

June 30-July 28 Work Camp 

for Amenca. 

July 28-August Writers 

Workshop. 

August 18-Sept€mber 27 Six 

. _ n·=l! t"""" 1',--,,- uni!'!n workers 
SPRING TERM FOR SOUTHERN WORKERS 

• 

2 Weeks' 

Short 

Cow·se 

WHAT FORMER STUDENTS SAY, 

"My term at Highiander helped by teaching me ihP T-'rin~iplcs underlying unionism and by giving me contact \.,·ith the labor leaders throughout the entire 

southern region."--C. M., University of Virginia. 

"Stud~ ing at Highlander aided me in my work 

a:- grieYance cdmmitteeman and precinct worker in 

l'nlitlc.'-.''-J. P., a North Carolina Textile Worker. 

"I learned to conduct union meetings, lay out 

poster;; and pamphlets, and got a clearer view of 

ho·w and why unions are formed.''-N. H., a Hosiery 

Worker, :!\'orth C2rolina. 

RECREATION 

• Stud~nts should bring old clothes and shoes, for 

tht •·p-;-;!iollo: are not all studywork. There will be l!ikm~; lhruugh the Spring woods and along the 

bluff.-;, night campfires for a supper in som~ far 

)!;urge. \'ollf'yball, ba~-;cball, and horseshoe pitching 

are fanJrite after-class sports. Singing and square 

dalll:ing are indoor activities. High}ander has its own 

mountain band; students who can play anythir,g port-

;l:,il: are urgul to bring it with them. 

May 12 

to 

May24 

THE COURSES 

e Among the courses are public speaking, parliamentary law, union publicity, mimeographing and poster 

making, labor economics and history, union problems, dramatics, and singing. The men and women 

who teach these subjects have had organizational 

and educational experience with unions. In addition 

to t~e regular classe~, there are always timely dis- cusswns led by promment labor officials and representatives of the Federal Government. 

STUDENTS 

e Training at Highlander is given to industrial. pro-.. 

-iAes~i_o_~~~.-~~n_d_,!~~:~l .. ~_ork~~s, b,ot~ ~;n. and. warne~ . .i1.. n::l:uuuueuuauuu 1rom tne sruaent·s JOcaJ organi- zation is required. 

COST 

S Full cost of the two week course is $15. A .few 

scholarships, covering all or part of the expense while 

at the school, are available. 

E~rollment for the Spr_ing term is now going onthose mterested should write at once for application 

blanks. 
THE HIGHLANDER FLING VOL. 3, No. 3 

PLANS LAID FOR' 

WRITERS SCHOOL! 

Highlander will hold lts third ! 

annual workshop for student.! 

wri!Rrs July 28 through August 9 

The ses.swn "nn be under the direction of the school and is being 

~;ponsored by Paul Green. Wl..lharn 

S. Knickerbocker, Julia Collier 

llarrls, M1llen Brand. Babette 

Deutsch and Genevieve Taggard 

The Tt>achers 

Teachers Will be specially n.sserr:bled for this se5sion. In cha.-gP 

of sho-ct ~tory and pot'"tr:,· w1ll b>: · 

Mary Lapsley. novel.Jq. mag~~mP 

writer, and fanner teacher of 

Charle~ y,.-_ F'ergus.on. an Bssociate editor of "The ReadN's Dig"'st" and author of "Fl:ftv Million Brot.hers" and "The Confusion of Tongues." will teach nonfiction wrtting, Including thr spedai sub.ircts of rad10 JOumallsm 

and t.ht· Picturl" story. 

r_.-~•n-· "'< .Temp•, f(lfTnf>f]V of the 

Carolma Playmaker5 !llld ·a playPublished by the Highlander Folk School 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

·-.- .. : 

AT THE TENNESSEE ClO CONVENTION. Ldt •- ::i&ht: Zilph;a Honon; Wilham Tumbluer, presidmt. D••tnct )9, UMWA. IU!d fivo HFS •lumni: Edna Latnb, put pro•>dent. Loc•l 95. ACWA. LaFoU<tto; Dillard King. frater- nal dd~ga!c from the Summerfield Cooperauve: Paul Winn. vjco_pr .. >dent, Lo- cal 314. lUMMSW. WriGley; Ed Blair. ACWA orGanizer, N.ahville; Billie Cav- ineu. financial aecreta<y. UCAPAWA local. Memphis 

JULY. 19U 

ALUMNI ARE 

CIO DELEGATES Miss Billie caviness, a member 

of UCAPAWA from Memphis, and 

a student in Highlander's Sprtng 

tenn 1941, was elected a vicepresident of the sta.te ClO body 

at its second annual convention 

held in Chattanooga May 31, June 

1. Other fanner students of Highlander attending the convention 

as delegates were Ed Blair, Amalgamated Clothing Workers organizer and holder of the Eleanor 

Roosevelt scholarship 1n 1940; 

Paul Winn, Mine, Mill and Smel-

: ter Workers Union, Wngley, Tenn., 

I Edna Lamb, ACW A. La..Follette 

Tenn.; Zilph.ia Horton and Dil~ 

! lard King were vi.sik!rs. 

'I HFS Endorsement 

-·---w;i-t;;;,; ~t:.odrr.t of p.,nl Grcrn 

;;;:;H~ mcbee ;; .;:,~~;~nn~';,,: Twenty-Eight Workers Tt>::u-!·l'~:c ('/lllege when• llf' directs 

A resolution reiterating the endorsement of Highlander was 

passed. The resolutJon took notice 

or the fact that Hl.ghlander had 

been attacked recently by organlzatiorus not Identified With the labor movement and soJ.d that "any 

attack on the Hlghlander Folk 

School by u.n'lndivldua.l or organization will be regarded as an attack on the organized labor movement, and such individuals and 

organizations will brand themselves as enemies of organized la.-th~ JJ~IJLoCil !>1ltlwe~\.€n1 Folk Attend Sprt·ng Term D<~"" F'Co"><d. wCII tcul> ployv.-rittng 

Gu~st Speakers 

/>. m;·~JC!C'r of well-kr.o>;lffi SOuthu·~~ v.T.:..t-rs. Harry Harrison Kroll, 

J«n~~~ Sti;:. Ida L' Moore, H. C. 

i'ilxDr, ,n: .. ·.;l~ othc~. han: writtf>n that t)J{'y Wlll visit the school 

duJJJ!.; .. ;,, Woikslwp, the1r plans 

pennittmg- at that time. 

Tho.'><' hwrt"St{'d ln I'Ilrolling 

should apply at once to the Workshop D~rector. Leon Wilson. Total 

cost o: [!';!" ~£S.SlCJ11. tu1t:on and 

hoard •cludt>d. is $30; one week, 

$15. 

CAl\IP 

A1 

Twf'nt.y-three boys IUld girls be1w...,·r-. 'b ~>:<>> of t"lght and fn-

\1'('11 hav<• complel.l'd th.o se('ond 

rnn:t:J.l J:l!ll(ll" UniDn Camp for 

Workc,~· ciuldren at H1gi1iander, 

which v:R.<, held during the two 

weeks fo!l0wmg Jun(' 9 

Z1lphia Horton and Margaret 

Y'"""Y"'T' ~~-,.,~ J!l eh•r·10f' nf Tlw r·.'lmp 

Z;J>.-1"-.: 1:' ~ht folk dar.cing and 

siJJging: Maria St.enzel hf'ld classes in arts and cra.ft.s. Thr boys 

Twenty-eight organized workers, equally divided 1 bor In Tennessee and the_ South." 

f d rt t

. d t tt d d th h rt I The report of Paul Chnstopher between ull an pa - 1me stu en s, a en e e s o executive secretary and tr ' 

Spring course at Highlander, May 12 to 24. showed remarkable pro~:ur-e~ 

Among the representatives of 15 

AFL, CIO and unaffiliated national organizations were sugar and 

construction workers from New 

Orleans, boatmen and packing 

house workers from Memphis. and 

teachers. office workers and min· 

ers from eight states. With few 

exceptloDs. the students were officials of newly-formed organizations. 

The ~"~'"lt"Ular starr was assisted by John T. Jones, CIO legIslative representative, and Labor's Non-Partisan League dlrt'ctor; \\'llllam Eaves. regional 

\\'a~e and Hour dire<'tor; Hollis 

\-\'. Rrirl, lr~<l"lative rl'presentath-e of the Rallroad Brotherhood 

and chalnnan of the Tennesse" 

Commonwealth Federation; 

Paul R. (:hrhtopher, state CIO 

se<'rel..ar}·; IA'"·Is .Jonl'!l. Amerkan Fedrration or Teachers, Fisk 

University; 

chalnnan 

\-\'illiam Denton, 

Atlanta JndustrlaJ 

llnlon Council and member of 

the UnJt!'d Automobile Work- a~·· M••rv,. .... t l ~...,.,.,f u-riU-o-• 

ment, Columbia Unlvers.lty; and 

Alton La"-rence, Southern 

L11r.TL representative. 

The two weeks' session provided 

an opportunity for various groups 

kl get together. Eighty-one representatives of 23 national unions 

from all branches of orgu.nlzed labor met for a week-end conference on Southern problems. Officials of the Tennessee Commonwealth Federation, the Southern 

Conference for Human Welfare 

and LNPL discussed a concerted 

attack on the poll tax and antisocial legislation. 

People from the OOillffiUJ.ity 

joined the students 1n evening 

cla5ses, square danCi's, singing, ball 

~arne~ and picnics. 

The regular six weeks' summer 

term will br held from Aug. 18 

to Sept. 27 for men and women 

or office, faeWry, fteld and mine. 

A limited number of scholarships 

covering all expenses are available. The second scholarship n»·wi.v.d hv M.-... R..-.n..,.vPit. l\ill 

expanding the organization. William Turnbla.zer, of the UMWA, 

was reelected president. 

Sacred Singers 

Have Meet Here 

An all day singing With "dinner 

on the grounds" was held at the 

school Jn April. The songs were 

UIOse of the "Original Sacred 

Harp," a choral co-llection contmuously in use 1n the rural South 

for 97 years. 

Thirty members of the summerfield Sacred Harp Class participat-:-d !!..!ld we!"'? joiner'! hv SPVPTJ 

wteran Sacrt>d Har-pers fro~ La~·­ rt>ncl:" County, the Tt'nnessee 

stronghold of thls kind of music. 

M.r. L. P. OCem, speaking for th(" 

visitors. urged the Summerfield 

Class to attend one of the Lawrence County conventions, and 

the summerfield group asked the 

visitors to return. 

The Summerfield Sacred Harp 

Class, directed by Zilpha Horton nf th .. Riahl<>THiP.- .Rt.ltff ha.~ met 
________________ TH~ EHIGHLANDERCFLlc==N~Gc_ ____________________________ J~u=!y~,~1=94c=l 

A Day at the Nursery School J WORK CAMP IS IN SESSION 

By JOAN PAYNE, DirectoT Works Camps for America, now a division of the 

Highlander Folk School rt>opened on May 12 its nursery school International Student Service, is sponsoring a work 

for the Summerfield community, a program which now enters its camp at Highlander again this Summer. third year. The director is being assisted by Dorothy Thomas of The reneral PDI"IKIW of Work 

SumnH·rfJelU_ Twelve children, ranging in age from 21-2 to 6 years., HOSIERY UNION Camps for America. b: "To pro- are enrolled in the school with five more planning to start within vide young men and womeo 

the next fpw weeks. HAS INSTITUTE with an opportunity to do 1tSt:-

By 8:45 each weekday morning then• are seven or eight chil- ful work and to riudy social lsdrt'n playinj:: around the &choo\ building. One ch\.ld is a spil"ited The i'ourth l\lll'l\lal Hosiery In- sues from personal experieuce, 

horse pullmg a red wagon. Another child is the SPrious d1·ivc-r. The st.itute at Highlander was held to encourage a deeper lndivJdual 

porch i~ a hou~l· with the preparation of food for the dolls an im- June 7-8 under the direction of eoncern for the reoeral 'llfelfare 

portan•_ ta~k. Around the corner of the hom;p there is a group of Travis K Hedrick, editor of TilE ul the naUoo, to en&t their 

children each waiting his turn on the swing. Th£> child alr£>ady on HOSIERY WORKER. Leaders wholehearted support for a det!Jco swin~ is rwrforming acrobatic tricks to thf' delight of the wait- from AFHW branches in U1e tri- mocNley responsive to the needs 

ing onlookers. state ELrea enjoyed a week-end of of u.s cltb.ens, to promote muThP c~Jiltircn, racing around w1th the other red wagon to which recreation and ~Uscussion. The tual understandlnt amona- dlthP trailer is attached, have a collision with the "horse and wagon." convention declswns and organ- verse eoonomlc, rell(ious, and 

The diffwultie~ .,,-hich arise are settled. At 10 the children get ready izmg problems were considered. IIOCial croups, and to a.td youth 

f,,_- r.-;1l\.: 'In·: c-r·ackPrs After this there is a quiet time of reading I . Edwar~ F. c::anagh~n. vice pres!- Ill the dlscoven-- of a Personal 

and then a gruup activity such as a hiding game, music or hiking. I aent ana soutnern director of _the philosophy and ·a social idealism 

E_1 1(1 '!5 the chll,i:·•cn have returned to the individual or smaller American Federation of Hos1ery which will help to eary them gn,ur ;u t11'J: i-~~ vf !heir own choosing. After putting the toys and i Workers, and members of the through the atormy period 

materials away, th!." group comes together for a game, to listen to' ~~hlander starr assisted with th£' ahead.'' 

1t;c. vlnrola. or 1or a story. At noon the children are on their way P ~S da min . The campers, aged 18 to 24, are 

' "~Y. wh1ch 1s not without its variatiOns, has was ~ev u:;d ~ 0 dis g sesswn drawn from ail religious, economic arbPL ou: ul 1l1e acuvity. patterns of the children in the group. 1 : lncus~on_;f and social groups, the majority 

Pl3r., arp Lcir;g considered, with the hope that they may soon :rg~n z J leworr:;n ~ - coming from the ranks of college 

b,: c"r 1 h'li out, 101 the extension of the school day until two o'clock sl~~ rr~e~, ':ar~g~r:· bull~; students __ .______________ __ 

~·1U1 a hot lunch bemg served at noon of Ladles' Auxiliaries and Jon- -

·--- 0 - lor Unions lor the families of NEWS NOTES 

The N'ew Orleans Program ""'•• m.m .. ~ ~· •m•""""" the necessity for tiring women ZUphia Horton is teaching mu- sic agam this year at the YWCA 

industrial girls' summ-er session, 

t:eld at Camp Merrie Wood. Sapmember.; more responslbUity In 

the unJon. Miss Gregory, a rep- :'\l:l ·y Lawr;mc', l--l1ghlander extension director, is back in New 1 ~nta.Uve of the Te:rtlle Work-

,_ ~-- t!:c r:-:i~st a! e::-:-::'\Jc~::-.& ~r: ::;:;;..;;::o.ti.::.;-;:1! I ·~ l.'!'!':'~ !.!: £;. :::::=!::er c~ the 

. --·1'/SE CONKLING 

p!Ure, N. C. -·· -- ------

_ ;~c-L~Qrshlp of the lndl.istrial Union Council. 1 A.FHW. 

,, •, r ,, :,J._. l•e•:r: •n r\c-w Or if' an;; since about April 1, except for' Plan~ were rna.de 00 ha.ve a. 

· 1 r·•turned to Highlander to teach at the two summary of the discussion mimt.:fJcials of local unions were selected by the eographed and distrlhuted by Mr. 

,..,..,,. I!•· term, and already they are making use of Callaghan's of!ice. 

Jim Dombrowski made a speaking trip through New England 

during April. He appeared before 

the Greenfield, Mass., Central La--

bor Union at Jts annual banquet, 

a.nd spoke to students at Mount 

Holyoke, Smith, and Amherst College. 

1, 1omng by assisting with the educational pro- J.,m ric recently wrote "Tonight I meet a gen-

"' millee with the four HFS k1ds (apologies to 

hckac>, and Alvin--Lawrie didn't know this 1-etr \' .. ~,,, • l• .l,'J,~:lin•Jl as thr backbone Thry have already gh·en 

·rn~dves, and I think they are going to be a (I c ~l! "/<f I' I'J~ i!,•ip (() llll'." 

' 1 Pxtension program began with an Officers' 

Tr<!•n:ng Sclwul, w1th 120 attending the openi"ng meeting. Classes 

in pd;l:;· -;Jw:Jk:ng ~nd par!iamentar"J law, union publicity, labor td~·or\ ;11lri ;,nwn prnblems were set up, and were scheduled sevP~ill tin•·> ;1 '"'<'P\.;. :c.n a" to give all who desired a chance to attend. 

\•'' · ~l•'·aking and parliamentary law has made 

o•1\J ,.: 111 til,· Jutun· to separate the two, and run them both 

.r th0 Officers' Training School ended May 

:lw National Labor Relations Act; a panC'l 

up Grievances" with five CIO represente~­

' "Labor's Information, Please" contest. _. 1 : j';' ,,., 1 'I .. ' .o'w OrlPans program is concentrating on an 

t:l,•rl, :n h jl' !l•''li~· urganin•d locals understand and owrcome 

Cl · "'-~ in parliamrntary law, public speaking, 

:{tion have been ~.tartt.'d fo!' all unio!l mPm-

. ' f 1lw River. A spPciai course for shop stewards 

· "···n on "Taking up GrievanC'es" opened June 

en> 1 n' is conduct in~ educational program•, for in-

·-· Inland Boatmen Division of the NMU se- > .. .,,1;• who desire to lpaffi how to give the membcr- iH·tl;•r understanding of their organization. The 

•1:-~i~ of th•,.ir C'ontraC't. Classl's in public 

:ry lcnv arc being held for the Transport 

· •I' r ;n:ions have requf'sted special classes. 

!_,\\JJ•' ,,·JJ: n·rurn to Highlander for the six weeks tenn, and 

L-,, , .. • :n:rlther New Orleans delt'gation with her. 

(Continued from P. 1) 

show~ for all to enjoy. Harry Lasker "taught" the campers by telling them a serial story every night 

around a camp fire. Myles Horton wa.s one of the 

The Junior Camp, like every- cpeakers at the conference of 

thing else at the school, was run Southern Mountain Workers whlch 

on a cooperative basis. The chi!- met in Knoxville this Spring. tln>n hall th.. r<>~nn .. .,ii-.IHh- ~• - _ -

k~;pl~g-tJie-i;~ cab;;"~j;~~·~ash~ ! A 70-acre f~rr::_ a~joining Highing dishes, setting tables, keeping lander has been added to the 

thlr clothes in good order, and so school's property. It was pur. 

on. Large amounts of sleep and chased for the use of the school 

good food allowed them to carry by Dr. Lillian w. Johnson, donor a full program and at the sam£> of the original site. tim£> build good health and gain , 

weight · 

Tabulation of the unJon affiliations of the campers parents 

sliD wed the following: 13 with the 

AFL; Sf'ven w:ith the CIO; three 

unclas~ified. 

These workers' children, who 

tame from communities In Tennessee, Kentucky, Georria and 

Arktwsa.~. returned to their homes 

with a rich experience in cooperative living. They understand some 

of the fundamentals ()f unionism, 

know how to produce short, simple skits, and have learn£>d to sin gthe la.bor songs familiar to union pt'ople. 

The Highlander personnel has 

been expanded by the addition of 

two people. Joan Payne, who was 

trained in nursery school work at 

Sarah Lawrence College, has taken 

charge of the Summerfield Nurs- ~ry School. Har.ry Lasker came to Highlander after his recent graduation from the University of 

North Carolina. 

"Democracy's Drnma. in the 

Hills," by BPe Rich, is the sto:-y 

which appeared in the February 

l~sue of Social Work Today, describing recent reactionary attacks upon Highlander. 
THE HIGHLANDER FLING 

Published by the Highlander Folk School 

Vol 3. No. 4 ----~----~--~~=--=~----------~====~ 9 ~ MONTEAG!..E, TENNESSEE NOVEMBER, 194 

FIELD PROGRAM 

BROADENS 

V.'itt. the exception of th(' l:'ll':ht 

v.•foeh shto Sjx·nt !>•aching at Higillander. M~ry L<nnance has been 

In Nt''l'.' O<lf'c.ns slntt' Aplil first 

Her program of wo~krl"s' E'ducatioll. s•)()r.."orrd by the New Orleans lnductrml Un1on COuncil, 

w1ll contir.uP until thr f'nd of the 

~f..~ 

Specrnl cla!<.<;f'~ have be-en ht>ld 

for t!Jl"f-'' u~do:1s thf' FUrniture 

wL~rkE'rS, the Tnlanrl Boatmen, 

thf' '1',-ar.:.rort Worl.ers. In admtwn tlwn· )1;ne be!·n classes for ,ff,~n··• ~l'<i rnmmlt-

!Pf.'Inlll o: !J>l' '"l"''' toc:a)s Thi.'' 

particular pu.rl of the progTa'11 

l1lh :·L . .l:,eG In Uoe starting of 

departm<"ntai mN<tlngs In the 

unions. an lncrea.,cd attendance 

at rrrwm: mrc-ting~. in-cr!"ase In 

r.·fmhrr.,]~i)' f•.Jeil t!L..l' t<lllectiOn, 

·~ '"'1'.-.,··~~. ,·f a r:~.ill{'<')rraplwd 

P~~n<" \ .. l''"•' cf t)",; \ll>inns BP.., 

··-"··, _.. );., ,H,,I "' J.;.:n1 dred mPrnb• rs :1ttPnd c.las~ each 

United Auto Workers At Highlander 

~·-·o;.- I Members of Ford local 90S, Memphis, took part itt classes, 

.. , "'"'", ,.,,,,ging, square dancing, September 5, 6, 1, and fn(lde Plans for 

1'1< pr->!T•'m the Memphis conference descrabed on this page. In the group are 

.• 1,- .,."!,; ~':n- Richard Det•erall, U. A. W. educatio-nal director; Bethel Judd, 

, 1: 1 \J;lJp to It International Repr('.sentatn·.e; Ben McCu1lough, tocal president; 

T. G. Vanlandingham, financial secreta1·y. The latter attended 

·.,;]. 

),-, 

a ·:-· ''" ::f'"' , 

t'·· 

1. .. .-•<:>n car-

' P' trr6. news 

·' ~' ,;, tn·e bu!-

.. re&ding 

• :"fief', and 

T ..:\hn P:n· parade-, 

l'' NEw OrTO BIDLD 

on the 

fJ~n:J,r.~' ,,f '~w cUITf·nl program 

l"bs \}<'' '1 tnJ""'i ;,n,i ;s avrHlabl!" 

.:rom tlH· C 0 o:~ke 

the summer term on th{o scfwlarship given by Mr.s. R(!?sevelt. 

Summer Tenn Features 

Labor Conferences 

I 

AUTO WORKERS 

CONFER ON 

EDUCATION 

1 Carrying out platui !onnulaf.e1 

i at Highlander by Richard Dever 

I all, U. A. W. Educa.tiona.l Directo1 

Bethel Judd, International Rep 

resentatlve, and members of Mem 

phJs Ford Local 903, The UNITEI 

AUTO WORKERs, C. I. 0., bel( 

a three day educational confer 

enoe at the Hotel Chisca, Mem 

phis, the 24th, 25th and 26th o 

October. A large number of dele 

gate.s were present !rom Detroit 

Baltimore, I,.outsville, Atlanta 

Da-Uas, Memphis 

''The union " S&ld Deverall "il 

more than ~ply a slot maciur11 

for wages and hours. We car 

make it the cultural, democra.tl( 

means of We for the Amer:lcar 

worker." Special study wa.s give:r: 

the Ford grievance proce~u!'t.' 

setting up or loca.l union educa· tianaJ .a.nd recre.ational programc; publicity and journal.tsm, and 

housing, rents, and prices. 

PrlncJpaJ speakers were T . .J . 

Starling, U A. W. southern board 

member; Richard Deverall; Frant: 

Marquart, educational director of 

Ford Local 600, Detroit; John 

Edelman, Office of Price Administratlcn, WasJ·,i.ngt.on. 

B.Jght To Strike 

"When management waives the 

right to profit," Deverall said, "unions will waive the right to 

strike." Brother .Marquart spoke 

forcefully for adoption of the 

Murray Industrial Council Plan as 

the one means In sight for putting the National Defense Program on a sound basis. ('1':·1·:·n•,' P...r.' l'•P)l(•r 

One- hundred and fifty-six representatives of A. F. of L. and 

C. I. 0. unions attended the five week-end C'onferences held at the 

school during the regular six week's summer tenn, August 18 to September 27. ~---- " ----- " - . • ~:,- Tile conference dealt with prob- Paul Christopher, Tennessee HFS Sta.tf Members 

11 ~,. ~ tL" rro- !ems of organizing, education for' State c. I. 0. Secretary; Flem- Myles Horton, Harry Le.sker, :J~.-1 : IC ' 

·u~ ' 

il··4 

li .'> 

H 

t~b 

j 

: nri 

:'><)old I'," 

d ,. 

'" '>' . 

L;, k•" ,, 

::..m'. '1 

a;,M ..,r arP de- union rn'-'mbt>rs. polltical act/on/ ing James Dean of the Theolog- Maria Stenzel, Leon Wllson were 

('on- for unions. e.nd labor's part in the' 1 1 8 -~ary University of the delegates from Highlander and National Defense Program. Reg- , ca em, · took active parts in the program. t:!ar students and visitors alike· South. Sewa~ee; George Stoney, The Highlander film "PEOPLE 

'·'I''"' Wok part in the discussions. Lead- ~rm Sec~nty SAd_m:nlstratJ~~; OF THE CUMBERLAND" llill." 

~ .J•~ , en, of ille oo~ff'rences were Rich- i ank Co ee, OC!a Secu Y shown with u. A. w. moVies and 

,n;,~ ,..;,nfe-renC'f.'. I ani Dnrrall, Intenwtional Edu- '&a_rd; Joe Dobbs, Chairman Or- drew a line response. Plans were 

t!w !·lJghland£r : catioo,{] DirT!ctor of the United gamzmg Committee Chattanooga announced for a week's school at 

' !>•<al pr,o- I Auto Workers, YPh·rrton Cow- Central La-bor Unlo!"; 0 · A. Bax- Highlander for l'lOUthpm Auto 

"' . of t.1r j herd. regional C. I. 0. director. ter, sull-><'gJonal_ amector St.cel Workers, to be held early In 1942 .~;nrJl Pro- .Birmingham; Alton Lawrence Workers Organizing Committee, 

!! ' r 0 lo- I southf'rn repre-sentative Labor's, Chattanooga; Rosanne. Walker, A number or Hlghlandt>r Alum-

'T!u,;('. nre ten! Non-Parllsan League; Fred Pie- He tali a_nd Wholesale c,~rks rep- nl attended the conference, ln-

,,.,J.,>rr, there,, per, r~;;gKmal C. I. O. director. I re1>cntat1Ve, Philadelphia, M .. C. eluding T. G. Vanlandingham, fi1' o:rmthlllinl!, Nell' Orleans: Allen M('N:€'1!, south- Andt•rson a.nd Frank Allen. Mine. nancial .secretary of Ford Local 

·.· <n·J.·f•r' w("Jfl· 'em rPpr~tot\ve Mine. Mill & Mill ~ Smelter Workers repre- 903, who was awarded the second 

, .. ,,.;V-:r Wol'kers sentatJves; Edward Woods, Amer- scholarship provided by Ekanor 

· lean NewspaPf'r Guild represent~ Roosevelt 

Speakers ative; Mike Smith, Tennessee dl~ The oonference concluded wl•..h 

t'.:-,:on Other speakers and dlscusslon n"Ctor Ama.lgam.a~ Clothing /a mas.:; meetLig for Memphjs C. 

'ieadf'rs were Wi!llam Eaves, re- W<mters; Bethel J'udd, United I. 0. workers. held in F.iiv.>n.•nnrt I-'· 
Pa~e Two ___ ---· .. __ --·-- ~-~----_HIGF.l...o\NDER :F'~=:IN:::'~:u~-------------cN-=.ov_•_m::::bc•c'c· c1c94.:.1 

On September 25th two C. I. 0. 

organlzel'S were extended the gra1 

clous hospJtalJty ot Roane County, 

TenneSsee, company thugs a.nd 

pollee. Climax to the brutal torI

; ~~~Ln:'~ of ':'~,.ri;;,;'~~ :uth~ 

Despite the nationwide publlclity given the aff~r and t..l"'!f c. I. O.'s posted offer of a thousand 

dollars, county of &a.ne and state 

at Tennessee have so far. suc- eeedecl in failing to ·ma.ke any 

arrests. OOmmetnoratlng the 

county employers' careers of antiunion outlawry (the present case Js part of a rich tradition J Paul 

ChrtstoJ>her, state C. I. 0. secretary, is getting out a po.mphlet 

entitled "TERROR IN ROANE 

COUNTY," Text Is the work of 

Hornce Bryan, writer and former 

Highlander student; the oover 1s by Maria Stenzel. 

HFS ALUMNI 

TO CONVENE A Thanksgiving ba.n(luet will 

clltnax tJJ.e t.hlrd annual reunion 

of the Highlander Alwnnl, November 28th, 29th and 30th. Maria 

-~~::}·le~:fr':~re=Y h~~~!; students plannlng to be here tor 

the big week-end. The schedule 

says discussions, volley ball, dancing. 

In response to our caJ.l, activity 

rePQrt.s are no woomlng in from 

all alumni. These will be used in 

working up a detailed survey of 

Highlander'.s first ten years 1n 

labor education. The tenth year, 

1942, is coming- at u.s head on. 

Handle Workers of Sequatchie, 

Tennessee. 

"WE'VE GOT WORK 'rO DO," 

.. square dandnq alone. The 19l,J 

"\-\-'ork Cump, JOmtly coJiducred by HighlwndeJ: and the International Student Serricc, had for its 77!{1)?1 pTojer.l the clearing Of a trart for rcforeslatio>L Other projects included repairs to the Continued) 

a. play wrJtten by the student..~ 

to show labor's role tn the defense emergency, and calling for 

acceptance of the Murray De- fense Plan, was performed twice 

for enthu.sJast.Je audJenoes. Nurscr11 School, rons:lructwn of a potter'R wheel. Observation representative, Among the full-time students 

were hosiery workers, inland boatmen, construction workers, a 

new~paper employee, an auto 

worker, a postal worker, a federal employee, a student of labor 

Jaw. Students came from Oklahoma., Louisiana, Texas, Tennessee, Washington, D. C. For the 

second tlme the Pan-American 

Union sent a Latin Atnerican 

worker who came th1s year from 

COlombia, SOuth America. 

trips to T_ V. A. areas. the Cherokee National Forest, and an ;;;~;-;;<;,,;;;::· Bouche, c. I. o. Alo!!llma tr:rtile center Wf're important features of th-e program. New Orleans; ----~-- --------------

c.-0--I\1 ~JU~HTY AND rtarl!amentar.r law, public speak- , l .i _ llhg-, puO!Jdty. 

C.QL~l\TY :f.;E"\'VS I . In Clinton Mana StenzPI, Highlander c:omw1·~ .-,,"l"_mPr prnf!•f!m of mumty worker. spent the week or 

rc .;u~r,c• .,,,, ,..__,.r.;rltu·._., d"'-'"''" G.,.;ob<.·r 27th In Clmton, Tennes1:.rt.· ra'l< 11,- p!ogr€.\!, for the Sum-1 ~Pe, w:-,ere she organized a rec-

·'r' -- · r'i, 1t.' n:ational program for the Hosiery 

Tw 1, 1 In •Jd dav ha. been I Workers_ The violently anti-union 

Y. w. c. A. secChlna, 

Student Actl'ritle:o; 

During the fifth and !>lxth 

, on request of the students, a special study was made of state 

and fe<leral labor JegJsla!Jon. Students made two field trips tc take 

In union meetings: one to 

Retail Clerks of Whitwell, '.::.'!' ~: A t.Cc.l:n.~l:Wl:s; I Magnet_ M. ".''.recently defeated :,'ll•' .,,.- \Vnr\: C;·nn-. ln:lit the um_on in their efforts_ to ~-1---------·---- tiH- 11 , ": >i. jl(l\trrv wh,"·!. ll•e 

1

, C<Jlfl[• ofl.rgamng agent tor t.h_e 

"''~~ fJrrct t'XJl'f'rirnH·r!i· !-fa.gnet workers. The Unl_on spint 

,

1Jl_, ,:-,lr_· ·' of tile S~_;mn.n-, 1: undaunted: organizatiOn con-

!ldo:i rA~'r··· ''iii we' are working tmr"" 1 f th ;v makm~ and :-; 0 Pf" mpe m; Or e program camt> 

t · th p·t·, wtth out of the post-ele-ctJOb rallr, at fc com" ~u lr: e s ' lg which Myles Horton and Mari.a 

~.r r,: );Juc: Stenzel had charge of recreation 

DIUa. '~ King and Maria SU'nzcl Program Included drcorating at 2.:-(' .:v· ':r.,_~::-.,; the whittling cia.~~ the union hall, poster making, 

of 1asL winter, when thl' ~OU!lg: group sirlglng, oommlttee ~~rork, 

p<>,Jpi<' r>f tr.f' CO'Tlmunlt~· lf'~med ' start of e. Square dancwg group 

,- • •'<~P J!"'· !lor~•·- '""'~ 1

, ar1d 0rga.nlr.atlon (}fa st.Mng band. a::ll dnc:~ .. ,-Jih their pock<·t kmve~-~ A Hallowe'en party was the 

.~ '" d:":~1:;r: l'> a,;alr. tllf' , hlgl1 spot of Sls«'r Mana's week 

';- nw}JI~ Grundr-iUarlon Conference 

'T"'r• ' "'",' rb" , J·J' rrt 1 Off1cer~· and members of two 

<'1•J of c,;·dnd~ 1 Gtundy county UNITED MINE 

JORKER locals met with Hugh lr:;c,(!n to her Clth\'r ac1 

Rankin. UMWA district repret:'.\';.Je~ J•Jan Pa;n-1c Js 11-Dll-' hand" sentatke, at HIP school, Oc-tober 

' • ·.,- '·i:loJ; librar~·- Tlw the 18th, and workf'd out plans 

1' .r ,\ f\ " 

'ldi\i\ ~::'1'1":,· .d for an org~_ni?.a!lon campaign 

or-:--.iC•' In rL,'tilflt- 1 t:"nong the truckers and sawmill ~'~;1:L a:-:.d cu:rlll'n ~>.·orkers of Grundy and Marion 

"'~· :!, t1 ,. county. countl"s. 

,r0:,!: J>~~~~;er;.la~~h:l k<'t'r: the\ ;;~du-~tti~~ ~hn~~~,;-~b;ts~~~ ll''''t'-· School going until partr at wh1ch forty or fifty Sum-

. ,~0\'Jde-rl thn "'-'<•thrr rm "fiel•l children will say 

"·' ~"" :"w,·dy" to a guaranteed ge-nuJne 

I'·'·::K!Y m(-'. un~~ wr j Santa Claus and carry off pres-

:0.[:1' g1rl~ of thfo rom- 1 ents sent by friends of the cum-

. '·I!'; m~ they \\'ill help her mllnity and o! the ~hooJ. 

'],(• 

CHARLES W. FERGUf')ON, an associate editor 0/ the READER'S 

DIGEST, dtsC"usses the 'think-piece' with Kate Bradford Stockton. onetime candidate for go1;ernor of Tennessee. Highlander hdd 

its third annual WRITERS WORKSHOP this summer. OthPJ' teachers were Novelist Mary Lapsley, Playwright Loolon Jo,ws of 

Missouri State Teachers College. Guest speakers included H. C . Nixon of Vanderbilt University; Henry Zcm, Wa&hillgtoJi Bureau of the Federated P.,.ess; Willium R. McDQJ!iel, director Temwssee 

Federal Writers Program. Studen~s were writers, school teachers, college studenta, trade tn-tiorlista. 
4-750 (2-7-791 ( 

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material available for release to you. 

------------ with no segregable 

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Information pertained only to a third party witl1 no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

1/ocumenUs) originating with the following govcrumc>nt agency(ies) 

-----------···----·· _ , was/were forwarde'd to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thP following govPrnment agency(ies); 

·-- _ as the information originated with them. You will 

~-. «d,·ised of availability upon retum of thl' mall-rial to the FBL 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

PormNo.J 

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THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT 

llD"OW( MADI: AT 

0 

E!GHLANDE.ft FOLK f!CEOC!L 

..___._ --· ---------- SYNOPSIS OF,, .. ,,...,., 

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. DOMBRcr.tsKI, according to-while attending lllo17 tJninrsity, organized a choir and took"'""i""'ii" tour c:L Europe. ···~ stated that DOOBR<MSKI was a1tstanding at Emo:ey Univerait;r and atter . 

graduation from Emory he was placed in charge of the alWIIni association, 

and placed it on a sound organizational baaia. recalled that 

DOJ.IBR<lfSKI then went to Nn York City to continue his ministerial studies 

at the Union Theological Semin&17. 11hile attendiDB B1lCE! Un1Yerait7 , DOJalRaJSKI belonged to the Sigma Chi fraternity. · · 

stated that DOI!BROWSKI was the onl;r aon of a '!'ampa, 

Florida jeweler and apparently C&llle fran wealthy parents. - . 

- stated that DOI.:BRa;'ISKI wrote a doctors thesis in h1a 

senior ;year at the Union Theological Saina17 on the industrial conditions in the South. The ato17, as related to by DQ)IBRCftSKI, 

was that DOMBROWSKI decided that in order to write such a thesis it 

wculd be necessa17 for hilll to travel in the south md study industrial 

conditions. Accordingly DOMBRO:liSKI started on a tour in the South e.Dd 

stopped at the city of Gastonia, North Carolina. At thia particular 

time there was a strike of the laborers at some mill in Gastonia. 

-was unable to. recall the date when this happened but stated that 

it was several ;years B&O• 

Continuing with DOMBROWSKI'S sto17 as told to- on 

arriving in Gastonia, North Carolina, DCI.!BROIISKI decided to study the 

cause of the strike. .ApproxiJIIately two ~s after arri'Ying in Ge.stalia 

a Eeting of the town citizens was held, DOJ.lBRC1.'fSKI attending thia meeting. The people at thia meeting were condemning the strikers and DOlil' 

BRO'RSKI arose and lllade a speech in which he stated that before condemning 

these strikers and their demands it should be ascertained whether or 

not their demands were· legitimate. The people immediately hurled ever,rth!P.g 1 '! the buildi 'lg at DOMBRCWSJa; ac co:rd_ing to the !!tory; u told b7 

DOMBRa\'SKI to - DO!.IBROiiSKI was placed under arrest and indicted 

for the filling at a police chief of Gastonia. DOUBR~KI contacted 

- by telephone and - went to Gastonia to defend DCi.!BRa'iSKI. 

stated that the police chief' 1n Gastonia had been 

murdered sometime prior to the time of the above related incident and 

DOllBR(l."iSKI was charged tor the murder onl;y as a means to hold him in 

jail. stated he he was successful in obtaining DOWBROVI'SKI 1s 

release • 

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.Atlanta, loo-804 

was or the opinion that. the above _:Incident made DCIIBRCWSKI Yer,y bitter against anti-union !oreal. 

·-·. 

he rec:&L.LI 

on one oc he asked DOJ.!BR(IISKI 1n aocialiUI and. lha ... _· ~;; 

theory or sharing the wealth and. that OCIIBRCI'ISKI'S rep}J' waa"rrom wbat. 

I have seen alXi experienced, I doubt it ever the lllilleniwa can be reached under the eocialiatic systUI•. 

- stated that 1n hie own op~on he believes DOMBROWSKI . is a at heart Jlho has gone •nute11 on the brotherhood ot man. 

He advised that. he has •t eeversl of DOIIBROIISKI1S aesociatee at the 

Highlander Folk School but 1e unable to recall their na.mes. He atated 

that in his opinion these associatee or DCI!BRCJISKI are a conglcmerate 

group ot eccentric imividu&la. · 

- advieed that he believed DCIIBROISKI was a thorough}J' 

loyal American who believed in the social welfare or hiiiii!ID •ankind. 

was reluctant to uprese hie opinion ae to whether or not he 

believed DOliBRCMSKI was a Conmmniet. 

- etated he knew little about the Highlander Folk School 

but advised that D<i!BR<l'ISKI claimed that it wae a labor ecbool. He 

stated that those who lived at the Chautauqua Camp generell.y despiaed 

the Highlander Folk School. ioiicated that be did not have a 

high opinion of the Highlander Folk School and ite principals which 

were beil!g taught. 

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4-750 (2,-7-79) ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thP fill'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) _w/_?_c.. ; __ A~ _ __c7___ccDc__ ______ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no rd('r<'nce to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third part). Your name is listed in the title only. 

~~·:.__·~" .. H::.t:uih;) originating with the following govemmP!It agency(ies) 

___ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you, 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the fo\lmnng government agency(ies); 

_______________ "''the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon retum of th(_' nwtC'rial to the FBl. 

:_)~ig..._·(:~:· withheld for the following reason(s): 

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Atlanta, 100-804 

. Both BERNARD BClWI and LUCY RANDCLPH KASOO are active labor 

leaders in Atlanta, Georgia. Both B(llj!l and KASOO were members o! the 

Georgia Divillion o! the Southern Conference !or Human Welfare during 

its existence. The Georgia Division o! the Southern Ccn!erence !or 

.c-'Ull<>n iielfare was abandoned 1n the !all o! 1940. There has been no 

indication that BORAH or WISOO have been active or have been connected 

with the Communist Party in Atlanta. No active innatigaticn or the 

above two individuals is being cooteJnplated by the AUenta Office at 

the present time. 

REFERRED UPOO COW'LETIOO TO 'lHE OFFICE OF QUGIN 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form. No.I 

THis CASE oRIGINATED AT KNOXVILLE, mmEssm: P'JU: NO. lOQ-58()1 

Rli70RT MADE AT DATI! WHDI MAOIE 

LOS ANGELES 2/28/42 ' ,: ~-. ~ 

Tm.E , .. ' ... :: 

INTERNAL SECURI !I!Y .;. · C 

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SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

Los~ re_x~l no record 

of 111111111111~'-

REF'ERENCE: 

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I DETAILS: 

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Report of Special Agent 

Knoxville, 12/30/41. . . . . 

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• A review of the Los Angeles files fails to reflect. ~- any information concerning . . ·- -

'I , ._,.. - Hollywood, California, a B 

I8'iieer Folk School. . · 

It ie not felt that investigation COl1Ce•rninl!':t~ 

individual is warranted at the present time, and unless 

re_quested by the Bureau, same will not be conducted. 

COP'IIE& OF THIS ltli70RT ' 

. ()" (~ureau ' 

~ Knoxville a, ';)j 

2 Los Angel\'\-t\'1\\~ 

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M:cro.. . \ 

J;ebnal 5unau of lnuntigation 

•nibb •tatn Department of Julftiu 

•••flington, '!"· C. 

• 

February - 23, 1942 

MEMORANDUM FOR UR. ~ 

Res qiGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

On page 8 of the January 26, 1942, issue of "The 

CIO News" there appeared an article announcing that the 

~ , Hi$hlander Folk School had offered its facilities to the 

~fice of Civilian Defense to be used as a southern training 

'center for civilian defense. The school stated that its 

program could be adjusted at any time for defense needs, 

The 1941 annual report for the school shows that 

475 students had attended classes, half at the Monteagle and 

half at extension classes in Memphis and New Orleans, 

ALL rtJFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI4ii~LASSIFIED ~ DATE BYcSP- ~ 6-:. 

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ffGEllAL Bll~f ·• · . 0 I'.~ ~.-!3~: -g• 

2 MAR 3 19 2 

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Mr. •lft-111 __ 

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Director 

r .. () · • ralllurrau of lnurstigation' · · • • 

111nitl'll lrtail's ilrpartmrnt of Justirr 

lnoxvills, Tennessee 

February 28, 1942 

Federal 3ureau of Investieation 

'\'lashington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: 

0 

RE: HIGHLAHDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTirtlil.L t:ECURITY - C 

.. Ths Bureau's attention is directed to the 

attached newspaper clipping appearing in the Chattanooga NewsFree Press, Chattanooga, Tennessee, FebruarJ 22, 1942, reflecting 

that a check in the amount of tlOO ~ received by the Highlander 

Folk ~chool from ~ rs. FranHin jY."l:oosevel t• as the first contribution to ths school's tenth ruLniversary scholastic fund. It 

should b'> noted further that the publicity indicates a proposal 

that the school be considered as a southern training center for 

civilian defense is under consideration by the director, Office 

of Civilian Defense. 

WAL/js 

61-12 

Enclosure 

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Very truly yours, 

~:~~~ Special Agent in Charge 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~w~CLASSIFIE~~ DATE ?4 8YsSP~ r:J-4 C.·-.·1 

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~ - .. 'MBUOOSEYW' 

'PRESENTS S 1·0 0 

TO FOLK SCHOOL 

Tenth Anniversary Ob-.. 

served; Plant, Pro:· ' 

' gram Expanded : 

MONTEAGLE, Feb. 2.-Mn.l 

Franklin D. Rooaevelt'a check for j 

$100, received tb.i1 week, waa: the 

!lnt contribution to Highlander 

Folk School'• · te~~~- a_nnlveru.ry 

scholarship fund. ~.*who rec:eived the Roosevelt oc:holar<ip ID I . 

1940, iJ represenUng tb~malca­ mated ClothJn1 Worker; 1\-=xm,., : ston,-~. C., and Thed'.Yanlandingham, •warded the 1941 \cholara:hJp, . 

is !!airman of the Memphi~IO '. 

Co cil and financial aecretaty of', 

the UJUted Automobile Workers' 

1, Union. ! 

Highlandor enter. ito tenth :reor i 

with an expanded plant and pro- ! 

gram. The 1941 report lhowl the , 

best record of ach1~vement 1r. the'' 

hiltory of the 1chool, with a total ' 

enrollment for the residence, com- I' 

munity and extension cla.sses of 475. i proposal that the lcllool be 1 

us u a Southern tratntna ter 

to vilian defense iJ bei!l2 eo Jid-

~~,1. ~~~'~ u".e.~~~~ lt::,l tor, Office cf Civilian Defense.i' · 

() 

THEfrHATTANOOGA NEWS FREE PRESS 

CHA TTANOOnA, TEl·Hr'l!.SSEE 

February 2, 1942 

HIG!flANDER FOLK SCHOOL; 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

( /· 7 .:> I I- F </ ALL INFORMATION CONTAltlED 

HEREIN IS UN~LASS!FIED /'\ 

DATE cPja?5/?s4-BY,P8'151Jf? r ;JL!.So 

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: FEDE~~ BUREAU OF INVE~~7c;~ TIOJ 

i l 

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ORI<>INA>TEC AT K!{)IVILIE P'ILE NO. 

J,,· '}' ·.:._;-, 't!{T- -~- . 

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INTE6J.L SECUfrTY: .:. .c' ·' , ', ' ' 

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'NOieSIS OF FACTS: • 

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Hn,,,.,t·.nn Office have 110 

. -~ . 

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..,_ ___ --~ co 

~'lv Separate case otlielllld 

-• •l'I&F"'.r::REUCE: -

j 

DE'!' ilLS: 

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Report of Special .lgent 

.lT HOUSTON 1 TEI.lS: 

1 

~')e-- . ,.,.J : 

Knoxville_, _.12/J0/41• 

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:J. 

The reference report set out a lead tor the 

Houston Office to check the indices and report a~ Communist 

activities on the part of o wrote an article in 

• ..r_' i·- the school paper or the subject school and drew either a 

~-

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$5.00 check or $50.00 check. in favor of the subject school 

-mich check was deposited August 281 1941. 

The indices of the Houston orri~e reflect aD 

I' r information concerning However, a separate case' ~-· JC....- is being opened in the concerning ~a~ 

all information regarding him will be set forth in tllati<tas~ 

(Houston File 100-3737) • 0: ~ ~ ' • c :t::i; I .. ,_.:., ,_, 

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REFERRED UFON COKi'LETION TO OFFICE OF ORIGIN l;,~ 1::2 

~.'l~m~ l'll!:'oo'7Ro~ . . ALLINFORMATION CONTAINEg t - ;" ... 

. HEREI~JJaWSSIFIED ·I .. ' 

o - n> II "'~ 19iil DATE BY .. , 

; 

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4-750 (2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in lhP fi!P. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~ 7 ~ . ___________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no ref<-rcnce to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

·, riginating with the following gun•nJmPnt agcmcy(ies) 

, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

--·--·-- as the information originated with them. You will 

be advi'<•d of availability upon return of the matprial to the FBI. 

----- ._ .. ----- ·------- - -·· ---------------

For your iiif:;rmation: 

,...-,/ 

Lloll Tb following number is to ~.!!)led for reference regarding these pages: 

- ! - 751 /- 'IS(o -- ----------

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TilE YEAR 1941, NlliTii A!!iruAL .U:PORT OF TilE HIGHLA1lDER FOLK SCHOOL 

COllTEHTS 

TO TilE FRn:i;nS OF HIGI!LII.NDER 

····-·························· 

.I. RESIDE.:T TER;.S 

Page 

1 

1. SpriL& Term•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 2. Su~~r Term.......................................... S 

3. Uri ters' Workshop.............................. • • • • • • 6 4. Work Camp............................................ 6 

5, Junior Union Camp•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 

II. COJ.U,:tJliiTY AND COUNTY PROGRAl4 

9. Nursery School ProGram............................... 9 

10. Girls• Club, ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~. 10 

11. Summerfield Co-o~erative ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11. 

12. Crafts ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 

13. Travelling Library ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 

14. Sacred Harp Class•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 

15. Square Dancing and String Band••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 

16. Discussion Group in County••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 

17. Christmas Par~··•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 

III .EXTEtlSIOIJ PROGRAJJ 

lB. N~~ Orleans •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -••••••••• 16 

19. l!emphis •••••••••••••• ••. •••• •••••••• •••••• ., •••• •• ••• 17 

20. Clinton ••••••••••••••• ,................................ 19 

21. Southern UA;;-cro Educational Conference.............. 19 

22. Other Union Visitation and Extension \iorlc •• ••••. •• ••• 20 

23. Publications ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 

24. Plant Improvements••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 

25. Person'lel ••••• •• •• •. •·., •• , •• •• , , • , • , • ••, •• , ••••• •• •• 22 

~b. Exhibft¥on of Weston Photographs ••••••••••••••••••••• 22 

27. Alwnni""llotes •••••• •••• •••••••••••••••••• , •• , ,, • • ••• •• 23 

V, FIUAI\CIAL REPORT ...... ,,., ••• •, ••• , ••• , •••••••• •• •., ••• •,.. 2.5 

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TO TEE FITIE;rr.s OF BIGHIANIER 

IU:hlander enters its tenth a1miversary year with the Ilation 

at war. In 1042 all of the resources of labor and of the country 

\dll be directed to the de!'eat of the Axis and the destruction of 

Fascism. The ener:;ies of Hi~:;hlanJer will l>e :;eared into that ~:reat 

effort. 

A proposal that the resources of lli.::;h1e.nder be usod as a der~nsc traininG Center for Union leaders received th& ttlldorsE .. nent 

of tho Tennessee State Industrial Union Council's exoc:utive board 

on January 4, 1942. It is cxpoetod to be approved by A.FofL and 

Railroad Broth<:>rhuod u:Uons. If ap~rovud by Washin~:ton, this pro-

::ra::~ \Jill rvccivo a ;~jor cmr>h:.siD in 1942. 

Hi:;hlander stands ready to be of service with an expanded 

plant and _>rog;ram. The report for 1941 \lhich \le iJ"uScnt hurowi th 

is the bust rucorJ of e.chii3vc".cnt in our history. It shoo1s that 

from April to Octobur thvru was a continuous succession of resid<cnt terms and eonfurcnc~s, with an enrollment as follows: Sprin& 

: crm, 2 v~~ks, 28; Sum;ilur T~rm, 6 weeks, 16; \iac.kond Confc.rvncos, 

lSC; lfritcrst Viorkshop, 2 wucks, 12; Work CG.IIl£> 1 4 wuuks, 17; 

! .::ior Union Clllll£> 1 2 uc~ks, 23; total 252. 

A notable aecomp1ishmunt was thu uxtonsion wor~ dono by rlss 

Jiary Le.wranco in N~~• Orl~nns, nnd by l!r. llt.rry IAsk<;.r in !.lumphis. 

Lwss int~nsiv~ work v1c.s ~onu in nr.ny othur parts of th~ south and 

onablcd us to CE.rry tho :oo~sagu of unionialn to maey thousands of 

workers. 

Undur tho cnpablv diro.;ction of lliso i~ric. Ste;nze;l tho ert.ft 

work in th~, co= unity was oxpc.nd..;d in miUJI,' narl fh1ds. Thu 

Sumrncrfiu1d Co-orvrt>tivo contir.uvs to thri vc. I.:iss Joan P::yno, 

dir~ ctor of tllu ;:urs~r.r S clloo1, 11£1<1 t. most succussful yuc:r. 

Our :.lum:"li now occu;>y pl,.c<..:: of lvc.d~rship c.nd rosponsibility 

in unions ti1rou:;hout th~ south. It is their r.:.cor.; or s<..rvi co to 

tho CllUC~ of l'-4bor Hhich is thto ultir""-t" tust of iii;:;hl'-<lld'-'r's 

V<llU<..o ;;'-' i:1clUdu <. f~\1 t.luzmi hi;;:·,U;:;htG Of th.;. yc:.r 1941, 

Our ox_;;:>c.rt'd~d prot;r.::I:> r~sultud in :m i:;cruc.su or o.bout ~2,500 

in our bud:;ct. Your h<..1}' in buildin~:; t1 T<..nth J.nnivvrsc.ry Yuar 

Fund to ho.;lp us m~ut th<.. r<.>sponsibiliU~s th:.t taco us in this 

criti~1 yonr of 1942 1s ~~rmly so1icit~d. 

• 

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1. S.PR I!lG TERM 

The Spring 1'er1n for ri'or:O.:ers, .i-y 12-:4, was atte •• ded by 

fourteen full time ar.d an "o,;uo.l number of part time students, 

from five southern states, reprosentin.,; ei,:;ht international 

uni<>ns, l;eekend conferences on southern problems brous;ht eight~·­

one additional rersons to tlw school representin& twenty-three 

national unions from all branches of labor. 

States r0presented by th~ fourteen full time students were 

Tennesse.e, iive; Lcuisian!l, four; J..labarrA, three; Georgia lnd 

Virginia, one each, The Unit<.d Su.>;ar iiorkers, V.ine, llill and 

Sr.1elter Worl:ers, and Brotherhood of Carp.-nters sent two students, 

and the f'ollowint; organiz .. tions E~nt on~ stud.mt: United Furniture Vlork~rs, Uni t0d Construction Viorkers, Inland Boatmen's 

:~vision of th<- ;J&tionel M<tritimc Union, agricultural and Pack• 

i~ House Worl.;:Ers (UCAPJ..W.), Screen Office \1or:.ers Guild, Textile Workt;rS Union of i.roorica, .hlnericnn Student Union, and the 

League of Youn~ Southerners, 

The number of union officials amonc the full time studants 

was unusually high, includint; on~ president, one vice-pr~sident, 

cne trust~~, one financial sccr.>tary, four re eordin& se cretar~ 

ics. and bm co:r.ni tteenen. · 

Coursws included lfor<ccrs Problems taue;ht by l-t'lcs Horton; 

f~b li c Sp~nl:ing by l.la.ry Lawrance; l'crliam;,ntr.ry LaH by Harry 

las"'er; Dre-~.nti cs by Zilphia 1!1ly Horton; Union Publicity by 

~lo-ry Lawrruoce; and Labor History by Jrunes Dolilbrowsld. 

As in pr~vious yunrs th~ rc~ulnr stuff wns su?plo~ntad 

bJ' sp~cial lecturers that ineludtdi John T. Jon~s, CIO lct;isla.-

tivc representative and director of Labor's Non-Pnrtisan Lenguo; 

fiilliem E .. v.,s, rc&ionnl dirt>ctor, \iE4~o and Hour J.dr.linistration; 

Eollis V. Reid, l";;is lati vc rcprcscr.tnti v~ of the i:\ailrov.d Br('l• 

H.erl-.oods nnd Chc.ir=n of th.o Tunn"sscu Cm::monwealth F<;deration; 

P::.ul R. Christopil~r, cx~cutivc S<-cr"t!!-r;r of the CIO in T&nncssee; 

LcwlS Jones, i..mJricnn Fed~ration of ·Teachers, Fisk University; 

iil.Lliru1 Denton, cheirlll!'n J.tlr.nta lndustrinl iJnicn Council and 

"- ::.:0~, of th~ United .i.utomobil" 'i•orkcrs; L:aq;cr.:.t tf'Jilont 1 wri· 

· .. i, Dr. "tfr,lt<.J; Rnutenstrnuch, Professor of Industrial Engi-

.. :e.g, Cclur.-.bin University; nnd .. lton Lawrence, so;~thurn rtp• 

rcsenthti vi:r-of lAbor's Non-Partis&n Lucsue. 

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2. STJJ!;ER TERJ.! 

The six wewks' sunmwr •~ssion, Au~ust l8th-S~ptoruber 26th, 

was attended by sixtovn studunts from aevJn states and one ford(;n coe.ntry. Louisiana led tho list wi~ nvo stud"nts, l'enness<3e four, District of Colu::lbia two, and ·one ua ch from Oklahoma, Texas, Illinois tilld N<i>w York. 

Two studGnts 1/~ru m~mbors of tho j.merican Federation or 

Hosiery ¥/orkcrs, the ;~a.tionnl il<ritilli.o Union, Unitod Automobil& Workurs, and thu Unit"d Construction Ylork~rs; onu student 

rcpr~scr.t~d tb.J following: UnitLd Su;;ar \lorkcrs, Amvrican !lcws-

,::ap<>r Guild, United Fcdcrc.l i1or:.ors, liorl<e,rs ./,.lliancu, Tolegr~phors, ~~vriuui Stud~nt Lnion. TrJuc stud~nts woro \b!atta~~­

cd. Suvcn students h-.;ld thv following officus: prosidont, 

---- ::-~- siduat, corrt:.spo:>dinj; s~crvtary, rocordin~ secretary, 

trousurc..r, sccrt.. tar:,'·trbasurc;r, bus in~.:ss r...g· .. mt.. Another atudvnt >ms u cor..rnittccm&n. Since le .. vin,;; school one student has 

been elected financial secretury of his loCQl union and president of the Industrial Union Council, and another student has 

be co:oe e. full time orgc.ni zero 

Five weekend conferer:ces were attended by r. tot"l of onehundred-fO.ft~'-six represer.tutivcs, with six l.F of L, three inder--·"c . .'.:, <.r.d seventeen CIO ur.ious represented. Conference leaders were Ricllt.rd Devert.ll, cdu()l.tionc.l director, United J..uto 

Hor::ers; Allen ,,c.~~il, southern director, ;.;ine, ;.;ill c.nd Smelter 

Hor::ers Union; Fred Peiper, re.;ioual director of the CIO, New 

Orloucc,· Joe Dobbs, cht.ir=n of the org;ur,izi~ comrni ttee, Chc.tt<.noo.:;c. Central L-bor Union; Yelverton Cc>V!hcrd, re&ionc.l CIO 

director, Birl:lin&h::ur.; i.lton Lc.urence, south.:rn representative, 

Lt.-bor' s llon-Po.rtisc.n Lec.::;ue; c.nd Bethel Judd, of the United 

r.uto:nobile \lorkcrs. 

Spccic.l conferen""!' ,-rero conducted for the recentlJ' or@;e.nizod Ford l0cr.l ut Hemphis, textile wor?.crs, and o.n i.:x.e Handle 

\iorhrs Indctstrial Union in the neighborint; county. 

Fred Peipcr, r~gionul CIO dirbctor, New Orlcnns, and Allen 

;~cl\c il, . sou therr. r~ pro scuta ti vo;; of I Ul!l.:.::sl'i 1 conducted o. weekcr.~ c0l·f·orenco on \tor!<ers' uducn ti on. For the fi vc New Orleans 

, .... , •• ·-. the 1;c.rm W'-'S "n ext<:nsion of tl:e oducatioD'Il pro,;rc.m 

stt .. rt~d th~I'Ilo four n:<:mths ot.rli~r by Hi~lundor. 

I. 

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i.. dnily schedule of classes and discussions wt:.s led by the 

staff, visitin;o offi cir.ls, r.nd the stud<>nts, Labor hi stocy, union 

problums, pnrlicruentcry l<,w, and public sptakinc ~rou.i?s wore en• 

thusiastie~lly attondod. Dr~aties, unio~ publicity, and th~ ain&-

in& of lr.bor nnd folk sc~gs 1 off~r<>d nr. oj>portuni ty for studonts 

to express th.-,msclvcs ere.,tiv<..ly, Under the direction of Zilphia 

Horton thu drr.m!>.tics elc.ss wrote c.~cl produccu r. plu.y, "Ylo Got 

Work to Do," llas~d on the Jlurrr.y Dvfe~H Plr.n, The students 

wroh and published thuir life stori<s under the title, "Wo 

Know the Score," 

Dunocro.tie li vir:;:; c.nd coop"rr.tion wcru str.;,ss"d OJld ::>ro.oticc.l CX?<..ri~ncc wcs ~ivcn throu.;h stud._~i. cor.anittc~s for hous<:l 

nnnu::;om~nt, rccr"Cltion, Cl!!d class wor!::, i;c.ch studc~t had an 

ovportunity to s .... rvl,.; oa t.ll corr:ni ttvc.s. 

Discussion ;:rou::s war, l~d by: Dr, l'lalin.:; Jo.mcs, D~nn of 

Th~olo_;icul So~o.ry, UrJ.v.rsit:r of th~ South,. s~wanc.o; Goor~;c 

Sto~10y, Farm ~~curity AJmiuist.rL..i..ivlU · .. illic.;a ~~vc.s, rcc;io~l 

•i:.,;t. c.nd Hour Director! ?c.ul Christuphur, Sccr~tcry-Tru~sur"r• 

Tcnn<..SS<;<:. Industrial Unica Cour.cil; <.nd FzDnl: Coff.-c., Social 

Sveurity Bocrd. 

t;~udcnts o.nd str..ff WHlc t\tO fi<..;ld trips: one to R"nit-vwll 1 

Tunncssco, >~n•oro they w<..rc ,;u~sts of tho Rctr.il Cl<.>rks c.t their 

r~;:;ulc.r locr.l mo;;tin;o, R1sr.:m~ :i::.L:~r, form~r ill;:;hlt.nde;r stnt'!' 

m..mbcr, na.< orcc.::i zint; for tho; t ur.i o:: in Philc.dul.?hl::.. c.ddrusscd 

the mccti!l£;• J.t s .. 'lll«tchic 1 T~nr.uss ... e; 1 studJnts wore ~;u•.sts of 

tho i..xu Ho.ndlu Vl<>rkurs 1 It:cl~>strid Union iu th~ir r .. .:;ul::.r movtinc. 

Ono of the studur.ts, John Gc.rcic., l.'t:.S s~:1t to Hi.;;hlc.!idcr by 

the ::inist~r of lltbor·.l>t' Colwnl'ir., Scutr, J.!'!:.:ri~. on D. scholt::rship 

fur:oish~d by the Pc.n·i.m~ricr.n l'nion. The :>ur. esc of th0 scholnrshl;:> is to fost<..r f'ri ... :Jdly roh.tiuns b~tw<.cn lc.bur in the .f.mcriccs. 

Br~th ... r Gc.rci:., pr~sid..,~:t of his univn ot' :'ostc.l clvr 1ts ::.nd t<..luc• 

rr;:•hcrs, w .• s " most su~c ... ssful ':nbr..sso.dor of :.cod will r.nd h.;l?"d 

us to ::. b~tt~r undcrstrJ d11:,; <-f South Na.ric::.r. problems. This is 

the st:cond schol:.rshir of tllis cllrrcct"r• tc.st y·~o.r we hcd .io!r. 

FrcJ S"lt.u.r, of th..: El •. ctri""l lJtilit~cs \:or::.rs, of Ji._Jdcno City, 

Th~rc w~s en i.•tcr:·. tiu:Hcl •,t,-.;:;s_-!l,r. t·:> th,.; sussicn this 

suJ;-o;:L:r. for i~ c.di.litioi to.j.r. G~.rci~" \lt. llt.d visitors frorli CuJ.adc. 

'.•od T'ndlc:·.d •• t!o..,;; Li, rur . .l y •. c. ..• ,_,r::"r fruJD Chi.:r., -..::.s ct tJ-,e; 

sehoul for 'll<'l'- w~ ... !: t .. !:ill~ ;o::.rt il: el::.S~I.>S ,,;Jd uisenssions. Students 

\l.,r<.: :r.,.tl:' l:t~r"stv<! in .. ~r stcr:· ~r th. Cl.i, ... s.., industri,.l co-o::>-

<.:r•.tiv<..s o· .• w t:.uir 1101;:: tc 'L»ild :. 01•>1 ChL1c., 
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Oth~r Bj,J<..<..l:ors Wvrc.a )li~~c Smith, Tcnl'losscc dirc.ctor of the. 

.t.m:>.l":=.t~J O.:lothin- ll,.,r:;urs of J..m•Jricr.; i.i. C, JIX.dursun, llh.a.li..S\; 

r<>pr:s~ntr ti Vv 1 r:u.:;h R::.n'cinl Uni tu:l iii no ';lorkc.rs of ~rice., dis• 

triot r~pr~sc:;,t·.\.iv"'; 0, s. l3o.xt..,r, S<.~b-ru_i,mal dir-:ctor of th<; 

St"'ul lior 1cc.rs 0r.,r.•1i zi nO> CCimmi ttcc., Chr ttt.noo;n; ;~.tt J...V!lch, ~ricr.n F.;d~r.,ti\lr. of Hosi~r~' :ror!.:crs rcpr..;svlltr.tivc; Fr .. d Schmidt, 

• 

Uni t.c d Texti lo.: l.or:C<.r s of •-'"l"ri C1. l Ros:.l1.'!C 1i:l !:~r, Rut'.i 1 end ~iholuscl. Clcr!:s, l'hilr.dc.l11hi::.; John tuucho, cro r"prc.svr.t;.ti ""'• NowOrlc!.m; Fr::.n!: .t>.lhm, Im_;;;.._s-.. , Bcssum-:rJ Edwr,·.rd T:oods, Int<.r!l:.tion<ll 

,.m.;ri cc.r. H-"s:,>c.;,c.r Gui lC. ru:>r~s.;nt:.ti vo, Biri,Jin,:hcln; ::.nd Vir.::;i'lio. 

Fustc.r Durr, c.xucuti vc vi c"-chr.1rm::.:1 ·:>f the li::. ti<-:lC.l Comr.Ji tt~,;c to 

;.bo1is:1 the; Poll To.x, •l..,xc.niric., Vir~inio.. 

3. 1iiU :JE:W I :iOi'GSl!OP 

The third r.::muc.l su=r \;crl:shop for wri t .. rs, July ~8-l.ugust 

9, broL:ht to:;c th~r t\tcl vc ctudcnts from six southc.r'> nt:::tcs t.nd 

from Illi.:uis, !ivw Yvr::, 'JuJ th ... JJistrict .:.f C~l=~ic., 

This yc::.r the. ;;or~sho_:> \t .. s or.tir ... ly in the, h.:::nds of tho Hit;hlu::dcr st:.ff, Le-e,.,_ \,"ilson \ILS tho director, Fictio:; ur.s tc.uS}lt by 

;,;~.ry 14' slcy, ,,-rit~r c.Jod for.n~r t.or.c:1~r of cr<-r.tiv ... writi:;g r:.t 

iioud Coll~~'-', uc.rvl::.11d; Th~ m'-i<>rity of tho stud.onts wrot<- r:.nd 

fL.ishod r'.t l.o::st" two st•)rioc :::.ch, 

Ch:.rl-s Fcr:;,.son, rn associ:.t~ <;ditor of thw R~c.dwrl< Di;;;est, 

o:cc·Jurr.;:;<-J the us<; of :r!i.:;hl;cndor for S•ourcc mr.tcriu-rnth:<- :>rop-

::r::ti on cf d1 ff -.;r<mt ki1:ds vf t.rti cl os .. :1 J rwws s tvrL:s, For .,rr.cticc-1 o;q>.oriunccs, :-u-. Fer .;usc.n too!; his cl'-'ss (by ilb::.zinctioil) 

i.:to c.d.i tor's offi C·:.-5. into hom~s of 'por::o:·~r.li tics' for ir:tcrv!(.:Ws, 

r.nd' intu cr•JSS c-,untr~· buses for thv 'cr.suc.l <-Cflunioltnnco • story. 

Ono of his Svssi v'!S w:o.s c .1: du ct..Jd in the.; mr.~: 1.1r c-f 'Informr.ti on 

Pl£.:u;e', t:.ncthcr in th<- .u:..r.nc.r uf c C.:>untry church rcvi vo.l, Text in 

th~ l::.tt<.r cr.sc w:..s Ev~rybody tr.l!~s r.bout li<-r.v;.:n r.in •t .;oin 1 th<;ro', 

'-'!!d the stud<.;:-.ts \tv!"'-' ilit1r<.ssivuly cr.ution~d t~.t t.ll -..·h.., tc.lk c.bout 

writinz r.r<- IOc•t _:oin<; to b" l-il"it<;rs if tlwy simply tell: cbout it. 

Lc<.hn J•oncs, fr.cult:• m.mbvr of 1:issnuri Stt. <- Tc!'eh ... rs Collo.;o, 

i:u~truct .... d th" studcrttS in ~ho crt ~.nd cr:.ft of !ll~m ... .ki!"l~~ Indivi!l-

,., ~,,.~, >IC.S t .. II .. C!<-d in <.nd cr1ticizvd by thv zr·:>.l!'o Tho second 

.teo!: cf th·c -.,..._ssiun th; ~r.tir~,; clr.ss vur!:ud out cJ!d :.>•rf•orL•cd" plr.y 

on lii .;hlc.~.<Lr. 

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I 
-sGuest spc~.l .. crs durir1c tho svssi ..... n \tvr~.. H .... r.r~' Zon. ·•:c..shln:ton 

burucu m:-.:1r.:;~r of th~ Fc<lc.r::.t;..d Prt.ss, spc,,J.: in;; 0:1 lc.bor j"url~lism; Il. c. :axon of Vc.r.d~rbilt tr.li vorsi ty, :r.c,shvillo, discusaiJIG 

thu SvUth c~ D. r.~\1 crou:1d for l1J'it.:.rs to pl(,o{l ::.nd 1."1llicuu R. 

i!cDa·,icl. ru;;io::c.l tochnico.l cvnsult:nt of' the. \,J>.~ ~;·ritcrs Pro(>r::.m. 

J.Jo. i.lcDc.niul dvscribu..l thu \furl.;: l>vL,.:. ..:~ilv by th;; ~.ritcrs Pr.:.o;r::.m 

::.nd pointvd c.ut thu wuc.lth uf ;.nt<..ri::.l th<:.t ht.s boun coll..,ctvd for 

writc;rs' us~, c.:1d the iqport~occ of th~-Pro;r~ in mckin~ c. record 

of our n:..ticar.l culture. 

11<-nry Thompson, n Grund~' C ~u.~tir.n, go.vv thu ;;;roup v. mcmorcblo 

c.vcnin;; of "t::ll Tdus". Othc.r <.v~nir.;;s th~ro w::.s ll.ll much volley 

bc:ll, si:>:;in:;, c.nd squ::.r.:; duncin:; ns th~ studunts would !,JCrmi t--

most of thu stuclo:1ts com.'lrJ. r.<. d thc.t r. Jr ;'•Strot chvr 1r.:.s noodcd 

nnd bc;;rud;:;od ::.ny timu c.wr..~· frum tl.uir typouri tors. 

Tho fcll-,wi:1;; p0oplc l::indly sc.rvod r.s sp:msors1 1:1lliun s. 

Kr.l ckcrbocl::ur, <..eli tor of thu Sv>rr.J;~u Rcvi 0\ll Julin Collic.r }!rrris, 

of Chatt.:.n.o.:;v., Pc.ul Grc._J;, ;h.llc.L Brc.nd, Brll~ttc Dvutsch, r.nd 

Gene. vi eve Tq;.:;crc:. 

4 ... 0RK c . .;.:P 

Tho fourth sur.rn>or \jorl:: Cr.,.p thc.t took •JV"r th<., Hi::;hlc:ndcr 

pl:.nt duric.:; th. •hmth or July w;;.c s;:-v:1sorcu jointly by tho Intorn:ctiono.l Stud~nt Servico rJld :ai:;hlr.n.:ur. Thv str.ff cor.sist~;d of 

Lrr, r.nu ilrs. ;,sc. Stcr:cw~r.thur, of th" Fi"llsto:l~ Schoc.;l, Harry 

I;:.s!,c.r, Di llrru lCil;;:;, Emil :.1llim~tz c.nd J .. I!IOS "• Donbrowski. Pc.rt 

timw stnf'f ~lumbers Wur.;; Zilphi:: liurto:;, Lrri:>. st • .m.tul, c.nu Luon 

1:ilsor... 

SG·vc:1tucn eollc-;<- stu.knto spunt thv m~nth of July in h.:.r!l 

rnnnuc.l 1::-.bor C.:lt: into:.sivt. otu~ .;f tllu socir.l c.:::.cl economic probl<..ms 

of th" sout)l. Thu mc.'or \for!' ·,1,.6 c. r~forvctr.tiQn ':lro•oct, with scco:1dr.ry projucts th~; ;c.;p.:.1r1n::; of the nursery sc:ho;l ~.:.bin, w.J:in.:; r. 

pott"ry whool, rr.d eo1.1plt.ti:-:; r. or..t~r systou... Four hcurs in tho 

mornin~ Ylt.s spr.;.nt il:. tt.nuc.l \tork. 

i'.ft<.r::10ons n~ru Uc.;voto~ tc the ctu.1y ;>ro.;rrJU. Our orm molmtr.i:::. 

cummuni ty pr;;vi,<.l.:.J tht. ·'" t,jric.l fvr c. C!'.rvi'ul stu·iy of tho mc.jor 

<'' '"ul~ms of tau s .,uth • .i.dditivc.r.l fc.ctuc.l i::forLJ..otiun w·-s obtr.L1od 

fro1n <oxti..nli!.ow fi.,l<J trips ir.clu:lL.; ' visit tc '' TV;. d::.m, c. lic.tion-

::.1 For<.,st, c. textile cunt._r i:-: •• lcbm:.., c: Fvoiuro.l !:ru.,cstc::.<l projc.ct 
-7-

and a blast furnace in middle Tennessee, EveninQS were given 

over to folk dancir'l> !Ill d ain;;in&• 

A number of speal:ers representing labor and government agencies contributed to an understandinc of the southern reGion. 

The administration of the oe.lli' was almost entirely in the 

hands of the cam;:ers as an experiment in the techniques of democratic and cooperative liVin::;. 

An illustrated book deecribing the camp, "Cumberland ,Campers," 

was written and published by the cam;:ers. A movie scenario was 

written and the colored movies made with new equipment preaentecl 

to the school by 1iargaret Lamont. Records of ~vorite folk llorl@iS 

and dances were recorded, 

Tlliat the Ca~ers Thought About It All 

"I'll try to sumnarize what I feel have been the main values 

of this ca;1p: · 

"1, The exporience of doin;;; rw.nual labor for four hours or 

more every day. It ;:;ot pretty hot and tiresome at timos, but it 

.. ~., lots of fun, and we ~ot an idea of what it miz;ht be like to 

earn a li vin; cleari ll£ lend for :,i2 or ;j3 per a ere. 

"2, I've had a lot of fun- folk ·dancin:.; is on~ of nv favor-

.te thincs, and the rest of the rt;creational proi;ra.m has been 

~r1ually .;ood. 

"3. Our methods of studJing Grundy Count;)', Termesseo, and 

the South can be applied to many situations, ..i.side from what wo 

lvarned about this r<:gion, w., hav" r. bE>tter idou of ho\1 to ev&luate r. community and Ythat facts are ess..,ntial to have if its prob-

:crr.s arb to be sol vod. This brin[s up thu wholb cduc&tionL.l systum. Until this is .:.n t;Stablisht.d thine;, work C£-m)S will probably 

b0 a very ir.(Clort!lllt agency in liupplcmentins; thooreticc.l studios 

with practi ""1 expurie:nc<:. 

"4. S~;oi~ conditions hurc for oursclv~&, and hu11ring from 

'''c labor ltador& and comnunity pc.oplu, wr.s a vivid ~xpcricnce. 

l''ven for th oso of us who had rc.ad and lcn01m c. bout these fccts, 

<+ wt.s prett.y imprcssivo; L.nd for nt lo<st one of us, tvho never < .·unliz~d S.ICft,,Ponditions existed,·, it uc.s down rizht world-sh&king. This sounds as if I'm sanctioning ~motionnl nppcc.ls; it's 

only with th~ nssumptiol) tlDt this ~motional rc.:1ction will stimul!l.tc 

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more and bett~r mer.tr.l activity which will help solve these problerr.LS." 

:F"RAli S&.RS, Swarthmore Colle&e• 

"This coo~erntive ser·{ed to shaw me t.h.at the Ttcrk Ce..'!lp meth~ 

od of cooperative living as practi eed at Highlander has r;reat 

possibilities for the world. It is difficult to be specific about "V' im,,ression of the experienoe. In general, it hes greatly changed r,y o?inion about certain econo~~c frobleffiS- ha~ made 

me re•lize that wi.atcver they are, my first impressions of people 

are not to be trusted, and even m:>re zenerally, has confirmed 

rr." fni th in real de:~oeraC'.f• I 1m aware of the tremenduous probl~ns we face,· 'but thin:< that with cor.si derr.cle cllan:;e democracy 

cun be ac~uired. 

''The en "tire wor i.:: cc.m_t> lti.OVu~·lt::il t is a vi tal ~nd ir....;ortc.r..t one,. 

I think it Jefir.i te ly ov.cht to be peorpetuatcd- apd made known 

to more pe o:;lo." 

"I have, in :~ thinkin~;, ri~£n to a new understandine; of the 

;;;·cot ::-=.zs of i.Jll<'rica, I huve t;ained an i;JIIlt>l!Se satisfaction fro1:1 

manual wor':: wl•ich for,er ly h-.s been alien, I hnvc had an unequal 

:.·.· :- ~·roo'ci!l;:; o.wcy frorr. a stiff routine of evcrydo.y living, I 

hs.vc rr.aJe .;ood corr.rc.Llships with the finest pcopl~ I have met in 

o~c :;roup, I have gs.incd Ylhs.t quit<; sudd~nly has become an insatid:le urc<> to lcc.rn, broucht about by contact Idth oldt:r &.nd fr.r 

:OC;'C n.at;.;re r~opl~ ti.an mysolf, c.nd I havw liv&d in a S!Dll.ll soc i e t;' which hns butn tht; finest in de cvnt li vinl;. This is a most 

;' c.blc ctt~m2t to dcseribo e. gii:;IJJtic t.Xp~.;ri~nce by SOlcCOne Whose 

t>.ror:.t is too choked U.;' to tc.lk nbout it." 

~IClin.RD S~1ELY, Cornell University 

s. Jt:rro.< t:.:ro:1 c.-.J> 

1Wc,ty-thruc bo.·s ..nd ;:irls bctw~~n tho "l>S of ~i;:ht lind 

f .f~~cn attended Hi::;hlander's second cr.:np for t:te children of 

·rj 'Jn ~enbers ~ The two WfH .. ks fro..l!l June 9 to June 23 we.s t.he first 

vae&tion away,ffor.. home for the majority of the children, lllllllY 

Of \ihOlll had never been in ti.e CO\.H,try or SLCn a l..Otmt&ino 
-9-

Zilphia Horton 1111 d i.Iart;aret Bryan were the directors. Zilphia 

tnu,:ht ~olk dnncin,: and sil,_in.:. Uo.ria SteloZel held ch.sses in 

arts anJ crafts, T:,e cru:.,oers r . .aae their m.n pup;1ets under the 

supervision of Leon '\li lson and entertained the entire calllJ? on Saturday ni:;hts with puppet siwws, liarry .Las~er "tt-u.-;J-•t" the c&Upers by tellin:; t<H:lD E. Stlric.l Gtvry abo1.1t a union boy every night 

around tl.e CBI'l;> fire. 

Tho junior union car•?• li!:c the other sessions at highl&nder, 

was run on a coo;erati vo basis, The children had the responsibility of h:eepi'1& tJwir oabino cleu.n, washinol; dishea • set tine te.bies • 

keep in:;; their clot:1.,s in ~;;cod order, Le.r;:;e E.mounts of sle£p &nd 

good food allowed them to carry e. full pro.::;ro..m and at the a rune. 

time to build g:oocl ho&l th &. nd g'li n W£ i,;ht, 

Thirt~Gn of th~ cr.m_,~rs cE.mu from LF of L homes, sev~.;n had 

p~.r bnts V'lw w.;,re I"LJJb~r s of t.'l~.; CIO, hnd thr<>c cwnc from un~ll!'loy" d 

noi:1cs. Tll0s~ childr~,..n. who c:...l!1...: from com:1unitics in 7\:r..n(JSSu<:, 

ilDntucky, G~.;or(;ill, ru:d •• rl::Lnso.s, r~turn~d to th.1r hOJn~s \lith a 

rcr.l CX['~ri~nCG of COO.>~rativ~ livin:;; Which should hvlp th<Jm in 

th<Jir hom" lif~, lii th o.n und~rstt.I'.dm;; of so'"" of the; fundL>r.cnt,ls 

of unionism, >ti th t:'" bo\ll<..d;;c of now to }·roJuoc sL.r;>le skits 

t.nd s l.n(; thv labor s oogs f~.mi lihr to their pHr~nts, 

u.ost of the children ~'·rm;d pr.rt of tho .-10 fc.;e for the 

h:o weeks by sdlin: cc.ndy end cookiGs r.nd by doinz odd jobs, 

Scholcr:hi.'S "cr. provid<..d for fuc children <rhose pcrwnts wur~.; 

w;c.blc to pcy, 

9, ;nJR.SERY SCHOOl.. 

The nursery school opened on uay 12th under the direction of 

i>:iss Joan Payne, of Pl~e.santville, :lew York, a s£nior e.t Sarah 

Le:'t'll'ence Coll'=';;e, •·1here Ehe reeei ved traininb in nursery s ehool 

o10rk under Jo:iss Evelyn Beyer, 

•·"o •• the :;..chool closed for '.;he \linter in Christmas, 1940, 

the enr<:>llmetrt "''" el<:v<.n. It o~>en~d in >!ay with nineteen, reFr.;scr;ting fift.,tn ftUll.ilit: in Sun:r.orficld COmr.Junity. In fue seo-

--..! ... ,,"-'-+...-__ ._~,.:;*" ,_., ...... .!;,...,.._, .. Dr--AI 4-n +,__,...-,,.,+ .. --,...,.,~ ,..D;r-..;n.,. i·l"'n +:n+:.A1 \.11.0\J. '1\ACII.,I. 1,..11;1,1 '-Jl.&.'-1 UQ.-.l ~'"".1 ....... ~ .... U. "''-' ..... "".6"'.1 -'-~'-""".# "' ... ._W4.••Q .......... ..,;.., -· 

• 
(i 

0 

-10-

number o1· rnmllles r£prese.uteJ to seventeen, the larGest in the 

histor.)' of t;1e scl.ool. Six of t..ese fe.rr.ilies he.·~ n6ver b&en repr~sented before, 

The d&ily attenrle.nee ran from ei~;ht to fifteen, with an avern;;t: of tuelve, Absences \lerc C:uc to illr.ess, &olrit; e.we.y, sleepin~; too late, no cleP.n cr >ih:rll cloth.,s, e.ud intcr-f•ru:ily difficulties, 

' The s chocl is o~c11 o!'llJ in thc. rn.ornir.;:. :.li lk t.nd crac~ers 

art served in nid-morning. Families tJ·.at he."" om.-s, !'urnish 

mil~~. /,dditional mil'<: e.nd tile c>ac~.er~ &rc furnished by the 

sciwol, Fro:~ tim~ to ti;oe par~nts s.md e.p,'l~s, raisins and plur..s, 

Fercnts 1:1ad~ a iwus~-to-hol.iso canvas to rW.s~ r.wnoy for fuel, 

Coll<.cction of the chilcL·~n bot;ins at d;ht, and scl1ool actually starts at £.i;,),t-thirt/-r;.vd. ..-~t ... lc.v-...n-.Li.fty th(,; cc: 

starts on th'" ho11C trip, and tr.~ childr<-n ar" '-11 dclivurud by 

tw<.cl vc-twunt;,·. 

Dorothy ThoJ:lB.S, a rv~id;..nt or th-.; comunity, is th;:~- e.ssistant end rt.eciv...:s J2.50 e. wu0k. 1a.ss Fe.yn0 st.rvcd without rvmunvration, &nd in addition providud her <'wn cur for the collcction a.nd d"'li very of thv c:1ildron. For tr...n ~a.ys in 

/,J j ce Lcd,n of Phils.dJlp:lia assisted in tho scl1ool. 

vised pe.intinc; <.nd pas tin.:; work <.nd hclpod with th0 

July, Hiss Sh~ sup~rroutin(.; j cbs. 

The nursery school was closed from July 28 to hu~ust 4, 

while the director cheeked with the county health officer concernin:; t;,e infantile paralysis in surronndinc counties. On 

!.is advice the school reo:-ened. AS the sitl.le.tion became worse, 

'the scl,ool we.s closed on the seventh and remained closed until the 22nd cf Septerrher wh:..:n the alDme .. ,tary :chocla of ths 

vo'-lnty wer~ ;:><;rmi tttd to r<>op<on. · 

!liss Payne we.s p<Jrr.:itted to spc.nd th~ last two months 

of [,er colle.:;e ;tear at l.ii:;l.lar.dor to direct th~ nurs:ry school, 

rce ed vir.& credit for Sl.lch wor~ on her d".:;r<N e.t Sarah Lawre-nce 

Ccllq;e, ccnf,rrcd in absc.ntia. Too nuc;, cannot be. said for 

!!iss Payne for tJ.c ~xc~.Tlcnt'Job siw did in th~ coM!Ilunity. 

It was difficult to follow in the. sto.,s of such e. brilliant 

tce.ch{...r e.s Uiss Clhuditt L~Jwis, but ~iss Pnynv did so in tho 

most aoe~ptabl<;..fashion &.'ld cnd .. ar~.;d herself in thu hcartsof 

all th" conmuni.ty. Sh~ not onll directed t:w nursvr-1 school, 

•md start~d a nc.\1 :rou_.o o_f the. ;roun::; .;irls of the. eo.;11:1Uni t;r • 
-11-

but durin; the sum..er term, she asoisted materially in the work 

of the school, es~ecially in the matter of the editin& and publication of the students• notebook, After Harr,y Lasker left for 

:len;,;his, she had chare;e of the traveli~ library for two months, 

The nursery school closod i'or the !'ear with a Christmas party. Sweaters for the children were sent by i:ra. K, u. Pnync of' 

Pleasantville, ii,Y,, mittens a::d fruit by Hay Justus, and candy 

by Claudia Lrcvtise 

10, CiiRLS CLUb 

1.ne nur::>ery school ee.bin l'tt.s t:Sed Ollee a week as a Ili.EH;tin& 

place for the youn:; girls in the cNu:n:nity, j!iss Payne polled 

tr.c corr.r..uni ty and found seventeen ~irls who expressed a desire 

to attend a class, !line r;irls ca:oe to the first mc~>tinz on July 

first, and five more earn" later; only thre~ of the scventuun uho 

first indi catcd an inter<.ost fr.ilood to Ce>11o, Nino fe.r.1ilivs wcru 

roprcscntt.d, fot:r of them not npns"ntud b;.• nursery school ehildrc:n, This brin;:s the total nunbcr of fan;ili"s survud b;;• the nursery school stnff to tw.:nty-onu, 

The ::ur:;>osc of th" cirls 1 group is to brins; to:;uthcr tho 

yo~<q; t;ir ls of the cor.muni ty, J.dpin.:; them to learn to work and 

ple~· to;;c tr.cr, and brin:;in::; th.m into a clos~r rclati onship to 

the eor:.:runi ty and the Fol 1: School, 

11. sua:z:u·rEID coor:::ru-.TIVE 

IIi th the exception of a few wc..-ks wh"'n bad wcath-:r mndc 1 t 

too difficult, the Summ~rfivl.l Coop~rati v~ h-.;ld no~tino;s cv .. ry 

w"~k throu~hout the year, in the h0r1~:s of the seven morJbors, 

Educational rro:;rans w..-r~ a ~'art of r.ll rr;..wti:1::;s. Runmn::;c 

sc.lcs continued to b~ held in Sur;ll:lcri'hld, ]Aa~-.;r, and tho vall.:;:y, Old clothes sent by frir..nds of t:1c co-or "nd of Hit:;hland-

-:r were sold for a f~w cents a. t;c.rm"nt, clll1blinz l!llny l•undrcds 

- ~ !'c:c:: !Ls to .::«t' ;::ood cloti1in.; tho.t thvy othund.s~ could not 

c.ffor d, c.nd a t:,thc s amo tiMe c. ccumuln tin~ cc.::?i tal for tho coopere. ti vc., 

---·----~---~--.,.------·· 
-12-

·Tomato pl~nts wore planted in the sprin~ and all of the 

crop given to the public school of Summerfield for the hot 

lunch~WPA pro.;rm. A coopero.ti ve berry project <lid only r.oderately well Jue to the bad droucht. A nunber of patchwork 

quilts, pot-holders, r&:!; dolls, etc., were sold. Tt.e pottery 

cle.ss cor.tiued to Lwet and to ::;~1n experience. 1.. craft cabin 

nas projected E<nd el 1 arrar:genents lllBde to build, but the increase in lumber prices has disrupted the plL'1• 

12. C.AAFTS 

Under tiw dirccti ·on of :.Jiss J.Jlrio. Stcnzol.o the pro::;ram of 

of crafts has been cxpo.ndcd, The .first six months wer" especially full; then J:iss 3tcna~l's Nsponslbilitic-s durinl': the 

s=oer sessions, and her field worl: in Clinton forced a-curtailment, 

a, ~~a_rvir.~;: l,;ountaine~rs tni::c nr.turally to n knife, 

T!-.. .: c:lc.~ s ~in 1;lli ttl in£: \fi tli. '4'1 o.voragc a tt.o:Idaneo tl'".-.; first 

six months of nine, and an e1u-ollm~nt of twunty, created the 

&rea tc st enthusiasm, Thru<•·fo:lrths of the e;roup were either 

draftel! or have jobs in Jcfonso ind"strics auny from home, 

Ro>mver, the class has contil!ucd thr01·:;;hout tho yoar and still 

has an e nrollmcnt of "i.;;1t, Somo unusual tv.lullt is includoci 

in the group. Dillard Kir.;, one of our ncichbors, has been 

an associate tct.cher of tl.e class, Two dogs recently col:lplut"d 

were ~rcatly a~irod by several or~anizcrs. On~ of them lc:t 

'instructions for the tluss to pro~2co a hundr~d dc:s nnd elophc.nts to sull for about a dollr.r, and he would bu~· c.ll thut 

could not bo sold "lsmrhere, Thor<: is aomo discussion of '~'~"Y" 

and m~c.ns of acqdring a l:!Otor driv~n jig 8~\7 to rough out tho 

anirrAlB, •lhich would greatly incro"s" tho producti vo capacity. 

b. .!:£~c_z:<::' This cl&zs, spons::>rod by the S=vrfiold 

Coopcrati vo, naJ an unrollm~nt of thirtuvn "nd .:.n avcra::;o attcndQncc of sii. It remained in tho bc~inncrs' sta~c, Aftur 

scvcrt.l months of work producinG snJlll bo\lls, cups, Lnd wses, 

+" -. ld 1,., \ro.z fir.:: :i~ Ur.fort '-UlC t~ lv nn '"' era eked due to insuf- • • ·v 

ficicnt hc-o.t Clll)trol in tho no" kiln. 17ith thu o.ssisto.ncu of 

th~ cc.:rc.mic d~~c.rtz:ont of t:•~ TVA, it is hor~d t:;e.t th~ diffic.ultios of bo.J:inc t.nd glo.~ir.c; ct.n be ovuroono. Tho kiln \IUS 

built by our 19~0 \;ork ctJ.:p. tlnd th'"' \;orl: cc.mp of 19·11 built 

I 

I 
a pottor 1 s wheel under the direction of' Asa Star~~oathor. 

c. Dra~n-'.:. Desi&lud uspocially for the whittlin& class, 

tho p-oup hol<l oi!;ht mootillGG durinG J&rch and April with an enrollment of sixteen and an avern10c attendance of' six. 

d. ~"~~.:;• Throe JnOI:'.bers attended the tow meetings 

of tnis clas~ rua~~ng patterns and remodelling old clothoa. 

c. Childrcns' Cles~css About ten ~~ildren were enrpllod 

in each or"'"'tlU·eo clas"s'Wi in !'Uppctmaki~, Cle.ymodellin~, and 

';lhitt{in€• with an averaz;o attendance-from fivu to eis; t. The 

pupp~ oers produoud the pupputs and pa intod the drops £or uso 

in a play which they wrotu and prvsuntud for the Parent Teachers 

Association of' S~rf'ield in a progrnm to save thu hot lunch 

:program. 

f • Claymodcllin!ij Clas!...._in t.lne,cr: Laager is an isolated 

mountain oomnunity in tho north und of the County nbout fifteen 

miles from Highlandur. A clasc in Claymod~llinz; met in the. homo 

of Dolph Vaughn with an enrollmunt of ~Ncnty-f'ivo and an average 

attondnnc~ of twelve;. The class was started tho bcc;inning of' 

J:ovcmbcr. Cla;• ti.:;urcs for tho nativity scuno woru l:llldo and W<.Jrc 

" feature of' the Christmas part;,· gi von for tho children of' 

Lc.a•;or. A rough wooden shultor was l:lll.do by iliss Stenzel and Ur • 

.., . ., "Shn• Tho minor' o laz:1.p furnished the spotlit:;l.t for tho finichcd production. Gifts wore distributed to all tho children. 

g. ~<!.~'rap_h_: ~~nr.s Pnrt.J.=. Five young girls mot ••i th L;iss Sto;:zc for seven woOl:s before Christ~s. They rondo a 

~iniaturo stage and s~ll e~rdbonru figures to illustrnto tho 

. enrols sun& by tho ch.ildrcn nt the Christl!ll.s p&.rty nt HiGhlander 

~ur tho Surnmcrf'iold children. A short Christl!ll.s skit wns >ll'itton 

and heavy paper hcad-dro.sses simulc.ting nni;;al char:>.ctors wore 

rrDdc. Colorful \trc.ppin!; papur for tho children's Christmns gifts 

vrore mndc ~r.i th potatoo blocks. Sixty-two children c.ttcndcd tho 

pc.rty nnd rocoi vad an c.ppropriato gift from Sontn Clnus imporaonr.':cd by l~lcs Horton. 

13. THJ.VELLH!G UBRJ.RY 

A travelling librnry in the county vr-s stnrtod in the bo-

<;inning of tho yonr by 'JIAry L::ntrc.ncc. Shu stnrtod ui th " ht:ndf'ul 
-14-

of bool<s. On co a wee I< she mde a trip into the north end of the 

county stoppin; at homes alon~ the road in Laacer, Palmer, 

Altamont, Coali'lont and Greui.li. Later Tracy City waa i11oluded. rro.a,.,.. +- .. .;<ne • _,..,...+-l-1 urft .. .,. ,.A"rr,..+aA +_,.... +t,a ,.1J; a+_.--t '"'n+4 1'\'1"1 ,...,. a Wl4 ma.n- .i."V \ooolo ""!"'~ - .IUVJ.•"'"" """" V ....... .,...,..,..,Y. ..,.., ""'""""' ...... - .. .., .... ..,.._..,..., ..... - -·-... -

g;raphed news bulletin oontainin~ an orieinal cartoon and labor 

serial "Johnnie 1ior'.::man", ar.d discc.~ssinc issues of special interest to the minors. Tj1c ctju:.r t\vo trips wore spent in the 

circulation or books. Total circulation for the year was 1,11~ 

representing; scv<:nty-four :!'ami lies. ' 

Since almost evvryor.e loal'ed their books to friends and 

"l:infolks", the actual eircula'::ior. "Ytas at lea at a third lc.rgor 

t:u1n thl.l e ctual TL; cord ~Ltri!S ~ Abol.~t thr'-e hundrod books wcro in 

circulation, a till.rd of which tier<- cJ,i ldrcns' books, Very few 

-·-.fiction or labor books were in dcr;:ar,d. Following; is an 

analysis of tho t"-pu of bock in circulntion in CI'Ch cor.rr.unity 

visited durinG th~ first six lllC'lths of thJ :Jr.;ar. Tracy City is 

not included buoausv it was adduJ to the library route later in 

the year. 

TicAVELLI!IG LIBw .. tY CIACU!J;TlON JAJ:.-JUNt: 1941 

.:t:.Y_po_c.£_E_ool: Laa~c_r~lmer Al~.:m~. p~_l!'ont _Grv_::.tli Tc:_tal 

Children 170 70 60 39 4 343 ------·--- f----f- ·--

Ao'olosoont 27 17 14 148 

---------· 

~:::: 11 8 __ 40 -- --2: . _ _1:- -· _ _2;:~ 

·;c• "l -= \;:· ~~~6- I -1~2_~~= =-~~~~~~3~~~-~2-; ! 

Books out ~'"'':'j'. City ~ 

74 j 

Dco, 19 79 88 

F:..~:i :!.ic.s 

~-- .... -D-:.: c. 36 

In Aprii'"thc trnvo llinf: librrry was te.kcn ovc.r by Miss 

r,.,~J.oo Con::lin£, by Harry L&.sk~r from July to Oct.obc;r, and the 

lcct two !f.onths it \IllS fn eho.r;;o of J.:iss Joan l'aJ'Dilo 

I 

I 
d 

. 14. Sr.Cilll:D lWU' C:U.SS 

lhe Sacred Harp son.:;s, sometimes oolled l,hi te Spirituals, 

a ne~le~ted field of i.meriecn folk music of t;,e southern hill 

re;;ioh, have been enthuGiasti cally revived at Highlander. A 

11 class" of forty under the direction •of Zilphia licrtcn, held a 

session once a week for sixteen weeks from December 29 to April 

5 with an averas;e a ttendence of t:..-enty. The final session •was 

an all day sin;; "with dLmer on the ~;.rounds." Tl•e son;:;s were 

those of the "Original Sacre:i i:ie.rp," a choral collection continuously in use in the .•rural sol.ith for ninety-seven years. 

Thirty members of the Summerfield S~>cred Harp Class parti cipateU an1 were joined by seven veteran Sacred ilarpers from Lawrence County, the Tennessee stron;:;hold for this kind of music. 

Dr. George Pullen Jackson, of Peabody College for Teachers, authority on Sacred Harp Songs, has invite1 Zilphia Horton, :Jaria Stenzel, end Leon Wilson to be charter merr.bers of 

the Ttnnessce State Harp ;,ssociation. 

15 • s;. UtJlE DA!!C ING .r,ND S T.i\ING BiJID 

A Saturday ni;;ht square dance group composed of ti:e young 

people of Sum.-,erfie ld had an averac;e attendcnce of sixteen 

the beginnin6 of the year until the start of the SU!!.IIler sessions. 

A strin:; band class was started to pla;,· for the dancing and had 

·an avera;:;e of fo:.u- or five, with about eie;ht listen.,rs who C61lle 

in the hope of dar:cin~;. 

16. DISCUSSION GROUP IIi CO:JilTY 

DC<rin~ the sum.,.;r harry Lasker organized a study group at 

lAager which met on Thursiay nights for two months at the homes 

of Lolf>l: Vaw;;hn al)d George Bone. Attendance grew steadily with 

" !-'~~~ "• t.wenty<. Discussion subjects on current social and 

legisle.ti ve pr-etbl<'rns sue;gested by tl•e class included the poll 

tax, 'ifagner Act, Social Sec.u-ity, Wage and Hour Law, and the 

proposer! tax bill. 
-16-

17. CHRIST;;AS PARTY 

All cf the children ot' the ccmmunity, young and old, trere 

invited to a Christma~ party at the school. Sixty-two receive~ 

gifts fro~ Santa Claus,- in the person of ~les Eorton. An 

original play l'tas presente:i, with shadowgraphs made by the 

children illustra tint; the choral sint:ill£:• Friends of the a chool 

contributed toys, dolls, and girts. 

III. EXTEJ:SIO:I P •• OGRAJ.: 

18. JlEW ORU:A~ 

One of the most successful organizin;; drives in the south 

is that in ;Jew Orleans, where ten thousand workers have been 

brought into tl.e union. Early in t;le year .!.ir. Fred Peiper, 

regional directcr of the CIO, called on Highlander to assist 

him in scttin;:; u;> e..."l educational pro~::r= to ir,struct these 

new union .w.ember s in the te ~·lni ques of oolle cti ve; biirge.ining 

and in sound union principles and practices. }~ry Lawrance, 

who had done extension ;tor:: in Louisville, Ky., and Alcoa, 

Tenn., w .. s assic;n~d to new Orlenns. She arrived there April 

10. 

The progra~ began with a class for union officials with 

one hundred and trrenty attending the first session, The Offi-

. eers• Training School ended J!J;.l-.9 vrith a pencl discussion participated in by five C!O rtprc~ .. :·sentatives on the handline 

of grievances, a speaker from th~ NLr~, and a "Labor's Information< Please" contest. 

Classes were thon startej for the rank and file in parliamentary law, taking up ~;ricvances with tha employers, and 

a study of the union co10traets, Commenting i>n this latter 

subjc ct, ltiss J:A·.rrance \Trote, "The discussion of contra eta 

sc.;cres to lead to r. study of cv~ry union probltm under the sun." 

Spe cia 1 departmcnt.al clr.sses for the officers and eonmi ttoeILcen of fiv~ local unions w~re establishe:d, !Jiss Lnwranoo has 

tr.ught sixtccri•-diffcrent &roupa; th~ avurt.~~ attendance each 

week has bL~n between seventy-five IUld on~-hundrcd. 
(~ 

Four l~cal ~fficials were sele~ted by thP- Industrial Union 

Council to atte~i th~ Ei~hlend~r Fclk Schocl Sprin; Term, May 

12-24. · Miss Lawrance was released to teach in the sprinr; session, and a~ain in the late su~er to participate in the Summer Tern. 

Of considerable assistance to ~ss Lawrance are the seven 

New Orleans students who were sent to Hibhlander for inter.sive 

trainillb• Tno of tr.e students have been e~ployed for full 

time union work in !lew C·rleans and one is tl,e assistant eduea ti onal dire ct~r, 

The actual classes taught are cnly one part of the educational probram which includes a variety of other activities 

equally, if not ~ore, i~pcrtant. TheGe in:l~d~ speaking tc 

union meetings, rreparin~ spe~ial publicity, writing educational articles each week for the rrens, helpinito organi~e 

o. lab~r dav Pare.d~>. startir.-' a labor librerv. r:rePBrinl! model repcrt"bianks for shop ~o~~tteemen to ~;e·i~· d~;~~c~llecticn, conductin~ forur.~, assisting eaor. loeal union to set 

up legislative corrnittPes, writi~ and publishing o. pa~phlet 

on "Eow to Build. Yc\J" Union," etc, 

The procram ho.s been in continu~us operation from April 

t~ the present tirr.e, The exreriment resulted. in in~eo.sed 

attendance at union me~tir.~s, ir.creesed dues ecllecticns, 

better reccrds kept, publication of a shop bulletin, better 

understanding of the union, end increased loyalty to th~ cause 

of labor. It has been sc succ~ssful that tr. Peiper wishes 

to ~ake it a rerrAnent part of th~ Industrial Union Council 

pr ot;re.r .• 

1!?, U:l.J'HIS 

lJeJ"?his, Tennessee, long a black pe.,;e in labor's bcoic, 

is another E outhftTn city w~·,ere the wor<:ers are flockin~ into 

unions, af"ter ;rears of coure,scous stru.:;:;le a;;ainst a corrupt 

citv e.d;ninistre.tion dodneted bv boss Ed ~run:r. For veers 

:l.t ;;..es alrr.ost !\ .c~rtainty that ;r.y CIO or&cni~er ~nte~in:; the 

city would be··rbMten unr.ereifully if net killed, The rigr.t 

to or~;enize has not beer. ccn.rletely established o.s y~t, but 

labor has made gr~at strides, an~ ther~ is th~ b~ginninb of 

& vigoro~s and stron11: move.-::ent, i'ii th tho., sands cf new workers 
; 

--------- -------~{( --....:.-----------... -(( 

Q 0 

-18-

coming into the ~nions; almost all of them with no previous 

experience in the labor movement, the need for an educational 

program was obvious. The organizers had talked with Highlander 

for sometime about an extension program; plans were a de with 

the assistance of Paul Christopher, Executive Secretary of the 

Tennessee Industrial Lnion Council and ~ember of Higtlander 

executive council. With the enthusiastic su~port of Richard 

DPvernll, edueationel d!rector of the United Auto Workers Lnion4 

the !'ro:;ram was launchej at t:1e southwide Ut..W-CIO educational 

conference in 1lemphis in October. Harry ~sker, of the Highlander steff', was- placed in charge • 

The Industrial Union Council, reorganized with a former 

Highlander student as cheirmn, vte.s given re3pon'Bibility for 

the progr~~. By the =iddle of November seven classes had been 

organized with an· avera:;;e attendance for the week of sixty. 

The director attended the meetin:;;s of l~cal unions where the 

most ef'f'ecti ve Ytork was d:>ne, In this wey hundre1s of workers 

were reached. For the class-shy workers, "educational clubs" 

were organized alon:;; inforral lines, meeting in the homes of 

meJr.bers. Considerable time wc.s spent \lith tl1e uewly orga.ni-

>;eti. Ford local, where classes were conducted for the officials 

snd cor.!l!li tteemen on the hand lin:;; of r;rievances and other pressing probler.s that confront !l. ne01 local. 

With the assistance of Righlsnder slumni, the educational 

director started a mirr.eot;;rr.phed parer i'or the Industrial Union 

Council; wrote and mimecgraphc1 a ten page paonphlet, "This Union 

Business," for the construction workers, and a. fourteen page 

perr.phlet, "The CIO- Yours and l:ine" for the lloodworkers locslJ 

and co:r.piled a bulletin on unemployment eorr.pensation for mass 

distributicn; and started a lendill€; library. Services of a. 

varied and educational nature were rendered eight intcrnationsl ur.ions. 

In the January first issue of the "Tirr~er Wcrker," official or:;;an of the United ~ioodworkers of America, there is !ill 

exten'ied story C'f the l.:cmp!:.ie educational progrrun and an e.p-

•·• co~ ... Live acco,mt of the cducation&.l clubs arr.on~;; its locals 

there, with n,.prophcey that the success of the clubs in L!empt.is will prob&.bly stinulate the startin.:; of other clubs in 

other ci tics • 

• 
-19-

~~ria Stenzel started a rvcroational and ed~cational prosram 

at Clinton, Tennozse~, at the request o.f tl1e re::>rcs.,ntative o.f the 

k1ori can FeJer<:ti on of :Josler.;r \ior,:crs, Fo e weel' corr.d ttec meetin:;s and class us were held pri•'£.ril~r vii til th~ wo.ntin .oembers of the 

union. D~monstre.tions W\lr£, ~;ivcn of the possibilities or group 

sinltinc, squ,ru dancing, and dra,,.-.tics, Posters ~ter" l!lll.do and the 

hall d<.>coratC,d :for a party. Th-. work was done by co •. r..ittc~s of 

union members. As a r<.>sult of tho work done, the :roup that participat3d r.-co .. vao:1dod t:1&t tto work of th;, union be onlt>rgcd to include educational and rucr.:.nti onal conai tto~s. 

21. South~rn U.cW-CIO Edu011tional Conference 

Carr-·in.:; out plr,ns !'W<C:o at .cli ;;:1l,,n n"r by id cl.ar d D;.;vorall, 

UA\i-CIO oC:uct.tio~e.l director, \..nd l.io::lbors of 1:\...::l:?hi.s Ford Locul 

903, thv uutor \;or:;:·..;r~ ~h .. ld a th.r.:..~.; U.&~r educational co:lf\.:roncu 

at the ;btc~ c:us01., ..:~n:Jhis, October 24-2G. A l!lr(:;" nul.1b~r of 

ciclc:;atus >:~rc ::>r~scnt frc:n D~troit, Eultil:;orc, Loui~villw, Atlanta, 

ru llau' ~=-·•t."lphi~. 

l~luz .dorton, ~1nrr~~ Lt..s1:(.;r, :~rie:. Stwnzc.l,. Luon 1".-ilsor.. ucro 

the d~lc:;c.t._:; fro.n hit;hlundc.r c.nd tooc: Rcti vc )arts in th.; pro~ram. 

Thu Eig••lc.nd0r fih1, "Ihw Pvo;_.ll<.> of thv Cuubvrl,.nd" 1 vras shmm with 

UA~1 ~ovi..;s or. d dr{.;W t1. fine. r~spons(.... Plu.ns \-rur...: tlnnounct:d for a 

wo.k 1 s school "t ;:il);hhcnd~r for soCith~rn !lUto \/orl:~rs in 1942. 

Princip•-1 spu.:.kors c.t the co'1fcr.:.ncc:: worL T. J. St!'rlin~, UAi/ 

south~rr. bo~rd hlvmb~r; Ric~rd Dovwr≪ Frnnl: tArqu!lrt, education-

"1 dir~ctor of r'or<l Loc<.cl 600, D~troi t; John Ed~l:.JC.n, :-inshin~::ton. 

"Th~ uc1ion, said J.:r. Dov~rt-11, "is mor~ thl!.n si,pl;;r a slot ~chine 

.for WU[;<.S t,nd ho!.rSo W~ Ct.n J-..b .. it thu l.lOUnS to t-chiC.V".; a cultural, 

d<.mocrctic wr:..-3; of lifv for the A.11urict>.n workur." 

S.!l-.:CiL.l Lttcntion C~1d stud~' \t:>.S &ivwn to the: Ford criov::nc..J 

rrAclli'1ury, suttin~ up of locc.l union oduc<ctioc,t.l c.nd T<;cr.:;ntionnl 

.oro:;runs, publicity and jourr.:l ism, c:.r.d housin::; r;;nts, and pric"s• 

A nu:ob~r o.f Hi ghl:.nd"r c.lw.!lli r.ttvnd~d th<.> confurcncc, includine; T. G. Yc:1l:.n di•. ::;.'1-m, fir.c.r.ci c.l s, cr "tc.ry 01' th~ Ford loc!!l 903, 

~:h., wc.s r.\IC.:"Mlcd thu Eluo.nor );oosLv;...lt scholr.rshop ir. 1941. Tho cor.f~ 

er--ne. co:.clud.d >tith :. lJr.s• !L .. tir.o; !'or j.;,l:'.phis CIO ;;cr}:crs, held 

ir. Ed;:; .... wood Pc.rk. 

' 

• 
( 

0 

-zoa, Several staff members attended the st&te CIO convention 

in Chattanooga, M!.y ~1-June 1; Iqles HQrton 'llll.s che.irllllll of the 

educational conuriittee, 

B. lii:;hlnnder was re:_>resented at the stP.te conrerence on 

decJocra OJ', ;;as:1vi lle, !'ehr::.ary Z2; the .Berea Student Leber Conference in lP.r ch; Conference of Southern L!ountain \iorkers, Knoxville in the Spring; nashville bonrd meetings of the Southern 

Conference on Humar. \ielfare and the T<mnessee Commonwealth Federat-

·~•·• JJoulriers and i.lountcrs natlon&.l convention, Chattanooga, July; 

United T~xti le ;;orkcrs of • .lllt:ri ca national convention, New York; 

CIO national conv~ntion, Detroit, 17ovcmber; Zilphia Horton led the 

sing,ing for ten days at the :liiCA industrial girls' CLmp in liorth 

Carolina in ,7une, and has been in vi ted to join the j:lational music 

calTIJCli t teo of the Y';1C.A. 

c. Visits were :.ado to a c;rcat Jmny local unions and services 

of too varied and extended a nature to be itemized within the conf'incs 

01 un s r01>ort were llllld" for intorno.tiocr.l end local unions. l;'" can 

do no no1·c tl.an i:ldi. cc.tc thu kind of services rcndor<:d: 1. In tho 

~tscncc of the r~~ular or~anizcr, a starr mvmb0r substituted for him 

in a conf"ronco with tho cmploJ"c-r eoneurning a soniori t;y griovancCJ 

Z. Assi5tancc: \IRS :;i v~n Paul Christoph .. r in thv Roanu County ease 

""volvi<l..; t."lc J(.;<.tin;;s to CIO or.;&.r.izvrs, and bi<c'::;round lllnturial 

on thv no... no county viol c. ti or.s or ~i vi 1 li bcrtics ..-e.s supplied for 

J. pcmpr.J.(.;"t;; 5. llt.ny trips \lure W.kt:n with or~t.~.r.ir.orsJ 4. Several 

ir.torm.tionnl unions held confc:ronccs at tho school; 6. Assistance 

m.s rc:~dcrcd in thL fi;:ht agE<.iust tho poll t&x, L.nd thu t-.st e&se 

b,,for(,; th<o Supremo Court was tt.kvn from Grundy County; 6, ).j;,ny lottcrs 

written for minors end oth"r union orfi ci!.ls in thv rc.gion; 7, Some 

hlp wos rcnd<Jrvd in findint: ncM ort;c.niz~rs for tr.c- south.:>rn dri vo; 

5. Frun July throu~ s~ptcmbc-r ono staff !!lt;mb~r spoke at twunty-

~;tr .... ~ union tL)VtinLS, co~furrvd lli. th tuvnt~·-four or~ani t:c.;rs, and con-

· .. :... :;--.. ... d tW~:Jnty-s~...v"'n intcrnc.tio'1nl unio"'ls in fourt(,..~!l cc!ltcrs. 

23. PIBLICLTIO;:S 

TYio collvctions of lifv-stori>-s wvrc J?Ublishud by thu students, 

"Tl:o South To-morron" 1 t\t~nty-six fC.f>oS, mim~o~rc.phcd by the students 

of thv Spring T..:rm; "VIc Know th~ Score", tw~nty-ninc pt::.gcs, mimoo-

~, 't:y thu studunt& of th~ Sum.rrh:~r :I\ .. rmJ Work et..m.[><.;f'& miml..C,raphcd 

.. 
e (} 

a twonty-sav~n pasc illustratod book, "Cumberland Cacpers". 

Four num'bLrs of thv "liizhladd~r Fling" wore printed. Our Now 

York Cornmittt-c, throu~;h the chairmen, !!r. Lion~l c. Perera, 

published e. sirt~...;cn pe.~o; profusoly illu&trt.tcd pamphlot on 

the &chool, Y.i;ieh is the most attractiv" and best pi~e·J of 

publicity recoiv~d ~ th~ school in all the yoars of ita 

history. J!rs. Guor'"" >lol.f, who pr.-parud the matc:rial for this 

pamphlet, also pu~lished an article about llighland~r in tho 

February issuv of Social ~;~r'; Today, "Domocra c•·• s Drama in 

the uills". Tho Du'lT;i'tTii Ol'tho \iorld Association tor Adult 

Education, Len don, En:; land, CO"!tal ned an arti clCi on Highlandvr 

in the ,<ugust nwnb~r. The LittcratCJu!', ::lll~;azi"c of the Chi 

De-lta Phi honorary li tcrE."ry-sororTt,Y.' publish;.,d ".t Eit About 

Hig;hle.ndur", by Ruth Burke, in l~ovcmbur. 

;.:iss Claudie. Lv,;is he.d an article, "Cocoa Beans at Five", 

in tho Doc<.mbcr isouc of Pr0;:r.ossi vc Education, and Joan 

Payno Yrrotc.:: e. story nbout-·~rr~.ut.ilj;,.;·;-for tn:-s-arah Laurence 

alumne.c !lll.gazinu. Zilphia Horton eo.ctributcd so;,;c rr.at~rial on 

drCJ:lllti cs for workers to th·. book on ;{orkcrs Eduer·.tion, publisht.d vy t;lc Jo;:.n ..;~·.:e;; .>ecict;·. Ptlblishcd by liar,;;crs, this is the 

:cJ.O~t. co~ .. pr ..... ~lr...n.si v~.. ·~;or1;: on th .... ~ubjuct the.t hD.t buc.:n don<;. 

Professor Thvodorc nru.JtUld, of thro.Univ~rsity of :anncsota, was 

'tl·._ ..:.c..i. ~cr. 

Hcrry I..nskur >II'otc tuo pc....;:.hl~ts for locc..l unions in 

!!v.ophJ. s, "Th<: CIO-Yours and IJinc", a ten F£.:;u mimcoii:r&Phod 

bcok fo~ th<: Timbor 'liorkvrSI c.nci "Thic lmioll Busir•css", r. .fourte~n P"G" mimcogr,_ph<Od bulletin for the construction work .. rs. 

U>.ry 1;:.\II'UlCc wrote 11 bo.sic v1ork for new unionists, "Hon to 

Build Your Union" 1 published b7 the ~!c~' Orlcms Industrial Union 

Council. 

An out side sho>lcr ;n.s built by Alf J:ilg;oro in timu to bo 

"". d b;; the sUilV!:~r sessions. A no-.; ninety foot ;;ell ;·ro.s dug, only 

r'- > • :cct t~u· wet er ¥/!lS too fi llcd With :iron rust to b" usvful. 

Thcr.oaftcr a·_,,l'oncrcte ros<OrVoir With fiftv~n hundrd t;nllon CD.pt.ei ty wcs bq:un to c<.tcl, the ovvrflo;r fror.1 tho oxccllunt spring beleo~ tlL biG house. Thw y.'Ork 'ros done by Dillr.rd King c.nd Eldridgu 

Kil~orc. Finitl1ir..:; <.nd ;·rotvr;oroofing thu r~svrvoir c.nd instv.llinr; 

t~ pum_o, hot ;;,.t~r h<.r.t.r, ~,;tc., vros acco:.1plished tllrcuth thu 
( 

~chanical in~enuity and unflaw~ine onergy of Asa Starkweather. 

Doubtful property linus wuro survuyad and staked. Tho work campers cleared a tract of about four acres which is being sot out 

in yellow poplars nnd loblolly pinus und~r the supervision ot 

th<.. state forest s~rvico. 'J\Yo thouse.nd trees were !'lmtc.d in the 

Fall of 1940. 

25, P.i!.;lSO:liiEL 

Miss Claudia Lewis, dir<;otor e.nd founder of' the nursory 

school e.t Highlt.ndor, 1-.ft in l.):>combvr of' 1940 to assW!lo tho 

direction of the nursury l"iPA schools in lluw Haven, Hur place 

was tnhn by !.:iss Joan Pcynw, of Sc.rah !Awrc.nc .. Collugc, Miss 

Payne r.rrivwd in 1J>.y ond rcr.~:.inud until Christnu-.s, Hur succ<.saor has not b ...... n n::..... d. Uro lir.rry Lnskur, or Duku Univ..-rsity, 

join"d th~ str.ff il1 ~y. !:iss Louis;.; Dichmc.n·, of Vcssc.r c.!'t.;;r 

n y<.oer ns officu s"crutc.ry ld't in April. i.!iss Louisu Conkling, 

e.lso l .. ft r.rt .. r €. y<-r.r' s s<:rvic .. in thu officu, in Oetob<:r. 

Shu mllrried Durwo.rd 1lcDonicl, stuclunt of th.- l.ri turs \iorkshop 

t.nd J\4U-r Term, 1941, c.nu lcw utudent c.t th<. University of' 

Oklcho:.m. J.:r, IIcDcniol hr.e bu"n nr.m..d c.s Exoeutivo S'-'crvtcry 

llt liighlcndur r.nd will c.ssUtiU his duti<.s in Februc.ry, lliss 

J"n~ ..Ul•cn and i.Iiss Dr:.li co Prob<:rt of' Flint, IJi ehigcn, h<.olpud 

in thJ effi c" for if..rt of the. ycc.r, St~ff members who eon:tinU<.;d their sorvi cc thour;h th .. ~·ow- c.rc. lzy"lc.s c.nd Zilp:lill Horton, 

I.iilry Lo.wro.nco, }.lt.ri~. Stunzc.l, Loon l/il.son, Jcmus ..ti.·D ombrO\Yski. 

Willie:• Buttriel: spent thu 'J<:<.r c.t tht- Univursity of Florid;., 

comj?l.;:tinc his und~rsrr:.d~.~Ctc. work bc~n r:.t Vuko, 

26, E..C!lBinOJ< OF \iES1'0rl PHOTOGiv-.PllS. 

Among the. ,,,c.ny visitors to th" school from l!IC.l\}' stctcs end 

fordgn countrius were Edvtcrd :.nd Chc.ris li"ston. !Jr. lrc.ston, 

t.l1c first Am .. ri c: n photo;:;rqh;;r tc hold :.. Gu~:;g~nhoilh fellowship, 

wc.s on c. tour of' th" Unitvd Stc.tcs mtlcint; r.s<:ric.s of photogrr.phs 

for .:..n cdi tion of \ir.lt lihi 1:J:l:.n 1 s "tu:.vcs of Grtccs", He dclightud our stu <1<-uts in the surrn-.r tc,rm with en cAhi bit ion of his 

photo;;r .. ph-6 whi eh w ... rc. shewn ::.r;rin on his r·oturn visit during 

th" c;u-iiftlllC.S holidc¥S• 

• 

• 
( 

_., 

Tho ultimate t~st of tho value of any school , and especially 

a labor school, is the record of its alWi1J11, Highlander is proud 

of the record of its forillCr students now acat~rad threu~hout tho 

southurn labor movum.;;nt, Their most effective work for tho causo 

of labor is is to bo found in thu uns2uatacular day to day work of 

tho union in coaaittw ~1ork, and SC;rvilll!: as organi zors and offi_cora. 

Space permits us to mention only c: taw of tho nom; itams that hb-vo 

come to us froJn our alumni in 1941. 

Ed Blair is now ro~rcscntativo of tho Amal~~tcd Clothing 

;;orhrs of Ar.l<..rioe. in North Carolina. 

J, D, Bradford was e-lected Int<ornctional Vicc-pruGid<..nt of 

the Limo, GY?sum rnd Com<..nt i/ork<..rs of thu A, F, of Lo -

Uaxton c .• unpion was put in chc.rg.;, of \7ork \lith Tr&d~ Unions 

in Atlr.ntt. for 1-or.tho liPA \iorl:crs' Service PrOj7!illlo 

liillicm Gillis h<..lp<..d nocotic:ta a contract for to:·.tilo mill 

work<..rsmiur71il:"Ts .:;mploy<..d at Ligh PoL1t, N.c. 

~t.l._o_ p_o}_~stc_i__:; hd;,oc.d in orc;anizntional campdgn of mc.intcne!lcc \/orl:~rs t.t !;::lith Coll"t>"'• 

Alvin Grown tr.u ·ht \lork<..rs 1 cduc.:~tion clnss~s durin(; s strike 

of hosi~ry ,iQ!-Eci-s, iicM Orleans, c:nd is nov; n CIO orzaniJ:or. 

C~l_.::;:_ -~nndy is activo in t'hc lf11ohington committee of 

Hi~:;hland<-r, and ht.s com;htcd his l'-w studios • 

.£_1.!}-ard ;an_g was work sup~rvisor for too SUI:Ill<>r work camp. 

~ .!:l_r:_ch is in c~rgc of orbnnizntion for the; .Amcricnn 

Fcdcr ... tiln of Hosi~r;• ·.;ork,rs, Tri-Stnt<> J.ror.. 

Dur.nr<l i:cDu:oi.:>l O<t.S vluct.:.d to the Highlandur atnff m d 

>till ·s~rv~ &S-J::Y.oCUtl V~ S~cr~tt.ry for th~ school, 

Don lie!:~·'- rvpr~sont<..d the Indus -tri&l Lo<.dur nt thu national 

CIO c-Oriii'~nti on .. 

J.lnrti:i''Y.nowl ton rc cGi vcd t.h,; Croix do Gucrrc for brn vc.ry 

under fin, ::s un c.:nbulnnc~ drivur iii'SyrTa· end Africno 

• • 

• -· 
-24-

Fr~t~c.;.;s ~:os ... r ~rc:.s <Jluctud c:lBirman of h.Jr hosi~...r;~ worb ... rs 

l oce.l~-c:~r-lo.tt..i .-~.;. \~. 

:larn~;r ;.;or~l i3 a .ac::>b~r of th~ CIO stai'i' e.::td ;;i VLS half 

r.ls t"ii:::-to t"':~"-c.duo< tior.o.l .>ro.;re.:.J in i{o'! Orla.J;s, !'6-rt of 

J.~ichlandur•c ..:.:~t ..... r-·.Sir:-n Sl...l"vio.... 

L-rr..il: ScL.'il~t has :J·,.. ... n!¥.!1-l.v"'" in ~...duct.tlo;:.nl -.,or~ e.aonc::; th ..... 

stc~i>ic-r"T:··o··"-r ~-l:lci"ll•"tl• -'- is scc;·~t..ri · .. f his s· .. oc loccl. 

a:-~d ...;di ~;,S r. li v ... ly l_t-4.:1L sh:)~; ,?f.i·.;r. !'Lrr.L· .. orl.;ir,e.tr..;d th{.. id.;..ll 

or t:.~ ?rLndo of ;ar_;h:n:.d~r .•• i:l'J~rs:,ip card3 to b~ sold by thv 

&.lu::mi for ~·1.00 r..s r .. l~r.~ oi' rai ~i ~£ ~c:lOlt.rs~:ijJ .f'u.nls. 

'l'ih .. O ·~·t... •• ;.~-.,t~...L: ..... ;!~!:::. ·.r.::-.::; _l ..... c:.o~.-~cl ~;.;cr .... i..:..r; of his }''ord locc.l 

in ~.~,..~ .. .t);:is .. ,-c:,c~C; ... :.fr:.U.~ c[ tlJ'-- Industricl Uaiou Coi.Hlcil. 

J. 1~. ·.-.~.~ .... t:...rs :,=..s ; ........ !~ ~lc.ct ... d r ... ctrdi:1; 5c.;cr ... tt..r~,. of his 

loc~.l-of-.C·l--~lll .... -; ~.ill !::.~d Sl'L .... lt~..r ;·.or:~· .. rs# iG::;s~mur. Alc.b:::.::.ll. 

P~ul lii.m i~ no.t pr .sid.~nt of .. is . .J.l!·c, ;,ill c.nd J;il.lt~r 

·~lor~ ... rs-io .. C:~r:--~,1·-s, T~,.:~ll,;s s...: ..... 

Emil ,;illir.c.tz is on the; CIO st,_ff ""u~r Paul c:J.ristoph~r, 

o1' th'.'"'""'l'Zn:~,:-8tc.t<.. In<11stri'l Unior. Cou::;oil, r.nd r.citor of 

the T~:m,ss~- CIO :_:>c.p~r • 

. ,. 

• 

• 

I 
-zsFilJ...liCII.L r.EPORT 

A. su:. ... ;.:r, 

On hand January 1, 1941 ....... $3, 742.58 

Income 1941•••••••••••••••••••12 6~7.52 

.• ---·--;;16,410.!.!£ . 

Ca~h on hand and in barJc,Dec.:n ~2,4G1.32 

Expenses, 1941••••••••••••••••• 13,948.76 

---l"l~_4.!_0_~. 

,, E!"mxT -=-~~}·94_1_=-._ _______ JL_l9~ Contributions . · li . I 

348 Indiviruals ••• "4,295,00 I . 461 Indivicrusls... w\ ! $6,930,23 1 

Funds, Foundations, 4,900,0~ : 1,500,00 1 

CoJ,J:Di ttees, •• , .. ,, ~i; 440.161 ! 353,00 'I 

Unions, churches, ; · 

schools,....... 646,671 I 758,08 

/Special, nursery ---i , I school.......... I /.128.50 

1 10,161.831 S9,669.81 

Board t.; tuition.... · 1,722,951 2,293,73 

Eon or aria.......... 150.0 -f, 

Film•••••••••••••• 

Rent ••••••••••••• ~. 

Accts. Rec ••••••••• 

RefUnds •••••••••••• 

Sale of literature /11 scella.lf! ous aale 

!Special ~eal •• ~··· I Use of tel & tele& 

Interest •••••••••• 

fBaJ chec': rede<r.~ed 

53,61 .,·,· 90.25 

143,91 I· 

66,09 I 

19.89 1 

74,18 

9G.7G 

44.42 

10.63 

10,0 

! 1,00 

Bank error •••••••• 

I!iscellaneou~~··•• 

,..~~. __ -·- m;'74 ---· .Jrz-·GJ7.52; 

231.39 

142.06 

46,07 

19.55 

98,04 

36,0 

9.67 

39,00 

6.63 

Note: 149 of the 1940 individual cor.tributions earn~ as theresult of an appeal J;_or 1\:nds with whl. ch to fi;)lt the threatened 

vip lante drive, In addition there was one ~1,000.00 individual 

contribution not available in 1941 0 

• 

• ' 
. .. 

t 

. -- ~ ----------.,.._ ( 

Q 

-2cC, EXPENSES 1 

~'t",..T"''I"''T:"' ,-,'t"~TftW:'I'"T!o..,Y'I'C"• 

.UVl..U.C. icon..l.~i .U:.4-U'\.h\IJ:I • 

~ood•••••••••••••••• ~2,1143,22 ,1,976,74 

Equipment ;;. repair a, 

Supplies •••••••••••• 

Light~ Heat •••••••• 

Labor••••••••••••••• 

lB. u n dry" • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

Lredical supplies. ••• 

ADlnJ;IS7Jl..'l'IVE t 

Postace••••••••••••• 

Tel & teleg••••••••• 

Add ~ uameo••••••••• 

Express, freight •••• 

Printing, atati onerJ 

Office supplies •••••• 

Equipment ••••••••••• 

l1V~•EL: 

Rec~u:rFing Students. 

Fund raisiug •••••••• 

Car ~ Uainten&.nce ••• 

Extension, Conferences 

1.Ii.s ce • travel ••••••• 

STAFF, persoMl expense 

lo pe~le ••...•••• 

:.!IS CE UJ.. :E OUS : 

Accts. Rec •••• -••• ••• 

Community~ ed supplies 

Nursery school su{Tulies 

Farm •••••••••••••••• 

An...n:uity, ~!"@R~~ e! ~~!e. 

Legal ~~es ......... . Taxa~···•••••••••••• 

~scellaneous ••••••• 

. Chl'IThL I1fr'n0vEJU:TS. 

Total e"i"pilnse::~ 

794,63 616.01 

:507,26 206~14 

479,67 :570.19 

387.16 212.1,.6 

2~6.64 162.86 

26.56 2,69 ~4,573.14 --~-~~.447.~8 

820,98 

2.62.~1 

135.61 

65.69 

~55,68 

250.12 

111.44 --------~1.991.63 

188.70 

673.10 

946,46 

369.89 

605,Z3 

·-·------

{)2,i73,48 

1~7.:;5 

26~.2~ 

62.42 

:595.78 

164.00 

179,00 

63,70 

. 2,291.~1 

:508.21 

;i1,01~.69 

~0.6.61 

~'J.r,94~ 

706,69 

278.61 

183.57 

36.43 

262.62 

99.30 

19~.42 

~1,760.64 

421.08 

965,47 

789.93 

407.87 

134.19 

--------~2,718.54 

1~3.42 

70.98 

67.68 

218.72 

95.00 

2,118.54 

193.95 

----c7es.75 

444.56 

~rr;41l"r."25 

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\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Jl'orm. No. 1 ' THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT KNOXVTILE, TENNESSEE PIU: NO. 61-28 

lti:PORT MADI: AT 

NORFOLK VIRGINIA 

/.1 Tn'U 

DATI: WHDI a.L\DK ""IOD P'OR WHICH MAliK 

. ' '.J 0 ·" HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL INTERNAL SECURITY ~ ll . 

\ 

SYNOf"'SIS OF FACTS: 

• 

Copy or Labor Journal being 

the office or origin; No 

definite indication that either or 

the above individuals is 

: ;•. 

-···-- -- _ .. ------ -·----·----__....__ '-------------·-- -----
4-75ll (2-7-79) ( 

\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in tiH· file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated. explain this deletion. 

, A / - -

~~:~~~ ~v~~;aeb~=~~:i: ~~sc~u.7 L)--d-~_?_J) _______ with no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third part-"' with no rpference to you or the subject of your request. 

[] lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

,., \_\\ 

tiginating with th0 following guvcmmcnt agency(ies) 

_______ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be ad\'i~Pd of availability upon return of thP material to the FBI. 

. -----·--------------

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 0 DELETED PAGE(S) X 

X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
..... ~- . . •., *"'•• ! 

··~·~ .,.,.~...... ..; 

~/::·;:); .1. 

J 

--- ___._ ... -

,--......--~ 

( 

61-28 

... ...._. _____ _ 

( ' .. 

.. \. ) 

Reporting Agent secured copies of the Labor Journal 

for Ncvember 27, 1941, December 4, 1941, January 221 1942, 

January 29, 1942, and February 51 19421 all o! which copies are 

being sent by this office to the office of origin. 

., .. =- . 

It is to be noted from a review of these copies that 

the newspaper is a weekly paper and is the official organ of the NorfoJL~ Central Labor Union; that the editor and publisher ia 

E. L. PICKLER, and that JOSEPH MORRIS is the advertising managerf 

that the paper is published every Thursday from the office of the 

Labor Journal, 209 West Tazewell Street, Norfolk, telephone 2-599lf 

that it was entered as second class matter on March 3, 1938, at 

the !'ost office in Norfolk, Virginia, under the Act of March 3, 1879; 

that communications are solicited by the paper on all subjects, and 

the reo.uest is made that the full name of any individual submitting 

a corr~unication should be signed as evidence of good faith. It is · f ..u"thf;;:r noted that the newspaper also reserves the right t-o re!uee 

""'-> v.:>Jcctionable news item or advertising copy, and that the Labor 

Journal does not endorse the sentiments of all communications that 

appear in the newspaper, and that it is at liberty to take issue 

;>.hen it sees fitf that the subscription price of the paper per year 

is $1.00, and for six months, 50¢. 

-7-

-~- .. ..-- -- ~- -· .......... --------- --··-· --~-

. ' 
..• 

.t 

t 

' - ~- --. 

r _,;.:.-, 

• i ' ., '' . <_, . " ~ 

... v, .A 

' 

~ ·-.. - • 

' I ·.~ 

- . ( / 

61-28 

It is also to be noted that in the copy of February s, 

1942, there 1& an item to the effect that WilLIAM GRml calls for · ' 

public support or Russian war relief needs, and also a comment that 

Fascism is 20th Century cannibali1111, and tbat Nazi power IIIUllt be ' : 

smashed. In t.h• issue of January 29, 19421 there is an item to the. 

effect that the Russian war aelief had been given a girt of 100,000 

dresses by the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, of New 

York City. In the issue of January 22, 1942, there ia an item to· 

the effect that ALLEN WARDWELL, of New York City, had been elected 

secretary ot the Board of Directors of the Russian War Relief, Inc.,. 

in New York City. In the issue of December 4, 1942, there is a 

considerable amount of space given to the editorial of the Hatters' 

Union, in Phi:j.adelphia, violating the Anti-Trust Law, and also to the 

conviction of eighteen of DENNY LEWIS'S associates, "The Socialist 

Workers' Party•, in ltinneapolis, llinnesota. In the issue of 

November 2:7, 1941, there is an item indicating that the Actors Union .... has initiated ouster of Communists in New YorK City, New York. 

ENCI.OOURES 

TO THE KNOXVIu.E OFFICE: The following issues of the 

Labor Journal: 

February 5, 1942 

Janwry 29, 1942 

January 22, 1942 

December 4, 1941 

November 27, 1941 

-PENDING-

-s-

. ' 

I' 

! 

'.a::' 

.... -
. • 

• 

' .. : 

. ··;:~.·~·~'! . ' 

~~----'. ~ 

. '' '4 

·-'~-· ""'·.-...~ ~--.-' 

( 

( 0 ' 

··- • 

UNDEVELOPED LEAOO 

THE NORFOLK FlELD DIVISION · · ·. 

-PENDING-

-~-

- . ·- ·-- ·--·---· ~-~ .... --------··-

( L 

) 

., . ) \. 

,. 

·'' 

·. 

. 

,I 

' 
( " 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

--: .. ~ •. PonD No.1 

. THIS~EORIGINATD)AT KNOX'liU.E, TENNESSEE 

1

-IODI'OO 

WHICHMADI 

OKLAHOMA CITY 2-17-42 . 

TtrU: f G. . 

11!? _ __. HIGHL-~NDER FOLK SCHOOL ~ .... . . ' ' 

Jll'mUJAL SECURITY - C · 

\ 

l r 

. '(71------------L--, -~ ---'"-. ·'-'-·: '.:__'·'."- .. c·_ ,-._.,-'-· (_:__. -J 

SYNOP1US OF FACT&: '· ~ · • 

j The irrlices oy-the Oklahoma City J;~Me DivisioJl . > 

.i , ' failed to slj.Ow the name of 1 - T~' .. .A___ · 

! 

I ; 

t~-~ 

REFERENC:!!:: 

Di,1AI1S: 

- ""•· .. 

_r_evin a{ fo Internal security !il'e of . 

~fails to he has 

a sister by the name of , It aleo 

fails to show -whether ever stayed 

at the Highlander Folk w"'''""·L• ·. - RUC-. 

Report of Special Agent ••••• Knoxville, 

dated 12-30-Ll •. 

A review of the card index .files of the Oklahoma 

~·ield Division fails to shew the name of 

~!i~~T~h~e~I~n~t~~ernal Security File listing a Subject, (Oklahoma City 

arrl various other files in which IIi•••••• 

18 listed fails to shaw whether be has a sister by the 

name of ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

i' 

., 

. HEREIN ~Z u~gzASSIFIED . : ~\ . · DATE c9 ~8- BY!SP'8'/)7)\.f~ 

REFiRRED UPON C01'.PLETION TO THE OFFICE OF ORIGIN t!JmJ 

g ~:14 \~~ "'\? .. · 

··---------------------~Y-----'----':...l..------' 

............... ---~~ 
. . ~.,. •. . : ... -~ 

~· 

~~ ~ f 

* J 

~ 

:"...: 

·~~. ' ·' 

""li :i 

' ; 

I -: 

l-' 

'• 

... 

.. 

. ,, 

Director 

• 0 

• 

J!Fill'ral 5urFau of lnuFdigation 

Jlnitl'b itaba lbpartml'nt of Juatirl' 

Boston, llassachuaetts 

llarch 12, 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C, 

Dear Sir: 

0 

Re: HIGH!.AN!l":R FOLK SCHOOL 

INrr.RNAL SECURITY - C 

/) ....... Reference is made to the report of Special Agent ( 7l..--- • , Knoxville, Tennessee, dated DeceMber 30, 1941, in 

instant case, and particularly to the lead the Boston Office 

to check its indices for the name of ~7~ 

These indices reflect no information on this 

party and it is not believed r'esirable to conduct further investigation concerning her, Therefore, instant case is being referred upon completion to the Office of origin. 

1/r;" . -- ~ g 

1-185 

cc-KnoX\'ille 

Very truly yours 

hl~ 

Special 

V. W. PETERSON 

Agent in Charge 

~ -

. -_,4· • J .• 

.. 

" 

~ :' ·,: C'E,I>'fROYED 

• .:. nrri ::;;::. 1961 

• 

'.I 

~ . ~- .-~ ........... ----~--.---- .r--o---.. -~-·------- ........ --~~---- ~-------~----· 
••· fl'lclt&" 

..... c ........ 

tb ...... __ _ 

"'. "f., . . 

~-' ,; '·· ' "' . - ' 

., '": .. - . 

r, 

.·. i 

', . Dear Kr. 

'1'be publ1cat1oll8 wbiob 1011 110 klndlT ronrant.d 

under cover poetlllarked. Febru1117 16, 1942, to llr. L. a. 

Pennincton or th11 Bureau have been rererr..s t.o ••· · 

lCNr cooperatic:m 1D th1e utter a 11101t. appreciated. 

In order that 10IU" tuture cooperat.ic:m 1a t.bil ••t. ter •ilbt lie 

obtAined, I a inet.ruct.i:n£ Kr. 11. A. llurpb;y1 Special A&lllt. 1D ' 

Cbarp, Federal Bureau ot Inveet1~~:at.ic:m, '0. S. Depa.rt.llllllt. ot 

J.:.at.ice, 407 Hcdltoa Jat.ional Bank Bllildin&, IDoxv1lle, 

-,..,. - ~ 

·.-.. .. 

' '' 

TennealfMI, t.o have a Special A&ent. or t.bat. orrice call aa 101&• '-. · . 

. ' ' 

··---.. ' . -. 

~.·. 

~~~~~----.· U.S. DEPARTME~ COMMUNICATIONS SECTION '• . ' '' 

'? Cf 

M A I L E D 6 '- ~~-:=;;·:?tfr~--.....;.......,._~ f' wv·! t~ 

*"fEB 281S4? P.M 6Etl: '·' . 

• . -~~~-,·:·~ n~w:~S P~\\).~~~ fEDERAl BUREAU or IHVESTIG~~A ~~ 1: f.t' /;;lr#'z/ 

l, U.s. DEPARTME'ijE(~cD!t~j~~ae .. O ,_/!/ .. ( "' ~l , 

J ·

1 L~R 2118-,(Ll£8 n g1e .~~ 

, 

t " 

• 
• 

.- --·-

( 

• 

( ) 

, l.) 

Jlnitrb itateellrpartment of Ju&tire 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

!.!arch l~, 1942 

' . 

Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

\iashington, D. C. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN~LASSIFIED ~ DATE~ BY~Zf~ 

Dear Sir: 

I • 

0 

HIGHlANDER POLK SCHOOL 

Internal Securi-ty 

" Reference is made to Bureau letter dated 

February 24, 1942, Bureau letter dated February 'Z7 1 1942, 

Bureau file number 61-7511. 

•uu ... u was sent 

care Mr. L. R. PENNINGTON. The 

Knoxville Field Division has a copy of this report in ite 

files and a summary was furnished the Bureau by letter 

dated January 28, 1942. 

~'II 

was very cooperative and agreed 

v .. ,, .. .,.,., with any other publication 

he might receive. 

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with leads to endeavor to obtain back copies of this publication. 

.:hem 

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Very truly yours, 

W.A.-MURPHY 

Special Agent in Charge • 
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FEDERAL tjUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

ORIGINATED AT 

_,.AT NIIIIODP'Ofl 

WHICH..._ 

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---o . IUGHLIJJIIR :lOU: SCHOOL .. IJ'tCBRAL UCOlU'fi • 0 

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SYNOPSIS OF P'A.CT'B: 

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I the\Inhm!¥bnal Stu4ede Serrloe,.P'It, fB:I 

lEY ~IIJ SOVI:J'l' J!USSU TODU u4 th .lmericu 

luaei Inet1tute .. , fer\h. Indicee eeke4 tor 

.T.I:SSI SKUll. lafomatien .. t fer\h. . . . 

.. .uc .. ,. ../5/(./ 

Report of Special .Agent clate4 

Decuber 30, 1941 at Jrnoxrtlle 1 !elllle• .. •• • 

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lHO iadicatee ~t the Inte~iJ~~~~ ~· -~~ C? 

Serrlce vae er1&11Lal17 foun4e i"e- r._1 th.S i 

Amer1C1111 Stu4enh t1u1en1 aa !- Ce t ;, e; i:; 

front er~saUea. / · ; f .:::; ~ , ·= g I 

In the caee enti tle4 TBE~~IME 1JlliOlll; 

Ii'BlllUJ. UCUlliTY - c. Jiew York tile f05 16320 

It h Indicated that the PILO'r h 1m official 
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.Aa reflected b. tho indicoa of \ho J:ew To!k J'iold 1)1:ria1oll 

nSSICA SMITB 11 .ponoor of tho .berlcaa Co11Dc11 011 Bortot BdaUoaa 

1941. 

? 

!rho filea of the Jlew Yo!k Jiold Dirtdon indicate tba\ . the DW I.lUTlD 11 a p-g.bl1catio11 of \he 8o;ial DoaocraUc J.Uratloa .. 

of .Aaerlca. which 11 oppoeod t;o CoiUIUAi-. . . _ 57410 

sonu BOSSIJ. '!'ODAY h p-g.bl18he4 at 114 laot 224 Btro•'• 

J:ew York Cit70 !hie publication contain• a&a7 article• oxto111ac 

ail1tar,, oconoaic amd political condition• 111 tho v. B. 1 ... 

SOVUT RUSSIA !ODJ.T 11 the aubJoet of an Intemal So=rlt7 ease, 

lev Turk file flOC-6393.. · · .• ' 

!he .Aaerlcan Rul81u IaatUuto for C'll.lt'IU'8l BolaUo111 wUh 

the Sonot t7nitn according to tho quart.erl7 RJ11U.r7 report for 

!f~ve!!lber 1941, page 1400 11 preeent17 at1'111ate4 with tho b11iaa 

War !el1of1 an alleged Co.-uniat front org~miaatioa. 

Yith rupeet to the load h refore:~~co report te aecortah 

the peraon to vho111 :low York telephone J:o. a-.2566 h lhtod. .JOV 

&ttenUt!:! h 41nch4 h ~~ f.Ct that 110 n.ch 11\lllbor exhh 1a 

J:ow Yorll: Ci t70 .All telephone 11\lllbera 111 J:ow Tork Cl t7 &H 

preceded b7 an lxchan«e prefi~ .AnT further 1DYoat1gat1oa 1a th~l 

oaae ltJ tho ll:ew York Jiel4 ~rlliu voul4 appear \o be 11Dpro4110tln 

and aecordinglJ th11 -tter h being cou1do:r.4 :r.ferrod -.poa 

cPploUoa to tho oft1co or orlgia. 

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l!EnRREll OPO!l COMPLETIOI TO THE OFFICJ: OR ORIGU 

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Jtnitrb ltatr• IJrpartmrnt of Juatirr 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

March 18, 1942 

• ' 

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Director 

Federal Bureau o! Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI# ~)~ASSlfiE!>~--: D ATE !l ~ BY,__,IP::...:.._§"""....2.__....'7"!'t"~ ..... 

,Pt./ 

0 

HIGHLA.NDER FOlK SCHOOL 

Internal Security- C 

Dear Sirs 

We are in receipt o! a letter !rom Jonathan Daniels, Assistant · 

Director in Charge o! Civilian :C:obilization tar the OCD, 

stating that our proposal to use Highlander as a defense j£. , training center !or southern workers will be given consider&- .-... ' . tion as the general progra:n !ar civilian defense training is .</ 

developed. ~ · . . ,: 

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If, after reading the material, you are prompted to 

ask questions, do not hesitate to lll"ite. We shall be 

glad to hear from you any time. • 

This letter served as a cover letter for 

enclosed literature, 'Which is being submitted to tha 

Bureau for your information. 

The Knoxville Field Division is already in 

receipt of duplicates of all literatura v:hich is baing 

submitted at the present time. 

6J-12 

,.shcm 

Enc. 

Very truly yours, 

W. A. MURPHY 

Special Agent in Charge. 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

.. ;'-"""'" .-·- . ;... . . '· -·. 

Tbe StorJ 

of 11 

Edacatioul 

Center 

for 

Working 

People 
MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

The Highlander Folk School urgently need• the •upport o£ 

forward looking and progressive organizations and individuals. 

Tho•e who believe with the School that a vital £actor lD mak· 

ing democracy work in America is the provision of enlightened 

and responsible labor leaden~hip, are urged to lend both their 

moral and fi~ancial eupport. 

Inquiries for further information are welcomed at all times 

and, should you be in the vicinity of the School, a vi8il to it 

wiH prove to be a thrilling: and exciting experience . 

• 

Plcai'>C make checks or contributionl'l payable to the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennes&ee. 
MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

The Setting. The Highlander Folio. School is located on the tip 

of the Cumberland Mountains in the Tennessee Valley Autboriry 

region. The Schoo] i!l centrally aituated in the aoutbern induetrial area. 

The Need. The people of the South lack experience in industrial 

organization. They want to learn how to adjust to the change 

from rural to industrial life, and how to face the problem 

of improving their economic and aocial co~ditions. 

In these times, when aU the enlightened force! of capital 

and labor are needed to ·~make democracy work,., the building 

of rci~-ponsible labor leadership is imperative. Southern workers 

in particular have lacked opportunities for education. By becoming infonned and trained union members they can help achieve 

in the South the industrial democracy ao vital to the progreae 

of the whole country. 

founding of the School. In 1932, Myleo Horton, a native 

Tennessean educated at Cumber]and University and the University of Chica~o. returned to Tenne88ee to help provide 

Southern worker!'! with an oportunity for an education fitted 

to their practical need~. 

Hi~hJander Folk School was therefore founded w.to provide 

an educational center in the South for the training of rural 

and indu"trial leadcrM, and for the conservation and enrichment 

of the indigenou" cultural values of the mountain." 

Throughout the eight yean of the Khool"s existence, it 

has functioned along these broad lines: it is a local rural settlement house sen·ing the community and county; and it i1 a 

center for the education and development of intelligent labor 

Mountaintcr student flOW 

leadership throughout the entire 

South. Through this program, the 

school hopes to a~ist in bringing 

about tht economic and political de· 

mocracy that is the heritage of the 

finest American tradition. 
FOLK 

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: "·· . Discussio11 Group in Fro11t of Main School Building. 

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Early Years. \Vhen Doctor Lillian Johnson, pioneer southern 

edu<·ator, gave her frame hou~c and farm land to the new 

School, the founders re~oh .. ed not to create anotht!r formal 

intStitution, but to dc\·elop an educational and cuhural center to 

meet thr nt•eds of the p;tudcnts themliclves, and of the communi tv. 

Hence, during the first few week~'>, the house uned chiefly 

as a communily centcr, where nei~hhnr10. dropped in for a &Ocial 

C\-'ening of son~~ anrl frietHlly di"ru~l'ion with the teachers. 

Larer, a few of the m·iglthors a ... kcd for a di8cussion class, 

and durin~ the firtot wiuter, evening cJasselolo dealing with pa~y· 

cholo,zy, econotuics, aJHI current ev£"nts, grew naturally out of 

the intcre"ts of the rommunity folk. 

A few reeident studeni~ began io live ai ihe Khooj and to 

he gin·n itu.liYidual in~trurtion in writing and epeaking. In 

addition, each ec1cctcd a ('otnmunity activity ranging from 

music classes and a dramatics club to educational meetinga 

amon~ the minen and relit'( worker~~ in nei~hboring communiti~s. Thu"', the three a"'pcctM of inll'rrdatl'd aC'livity which the 

school now carries on, grew out of the rlemands of the 6rttl 

year: 

1--thc re"idcncc pro~ram of short cour!lf'S and weekend 

conf erenccs for workers. 

11-the work in the community. 

HI--the t'Xf('nsion pro~ram, in wl1ich students and staff 

Carry tlw ('fhu·atiunal work to other rural and industrial areas. 
MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

PRESENT PROGRAM 

I. Resident Courses. Resident Terms for Workers are the 

backbone of the year-round program. In the oummer and in the 

spring, the six weeks tenn of intensive reaident courses is conducted for trade·union studen\.8. Students are drawn £rom Southern labor unions, with an occasion sf student from outt~ide of the 

South. The qua1ifications for admission are: the ability to read 

and write and dt-votion to the labor movement. No student is accepted without the recommendation pf his or her 'Union. 

The purpooe of all the couroes io to provide factual infor· 

mation bearing on the practical problems faced by the student& 

in their unions. Sharing of experiences and discuat~ions enables 

students to meet their local situations more constructively. 

Classes are always informal, and draw from and relate 

back to, the student!'~ experiences. In addition to dif'cussions led 

bv the regular RtafT members, leading experts from the field 

of organizf"d labor and 

from Federal and State 

agencies frequently 

contribute to the 

classes as \'isiting lecturers. The School's library of six thousand CWs in union 

hooks and pamphletl', post~r-ma~ing. 

built up by the gifts of 

friends, is eagerly 

drawn on by the student!! to supplement 

their class work. 

T II e cou r.!es 

include the 

following 

subjects: 

Union Problems: discussion of definite 

problems of the 

students as -~~--:.lilroliot 

laLor;unionists. 

Methods or or~anizin~, dues {',OllC'cting, and making the meet .. 

ing" intcreflting: furulamentals of collective bargaining, negotiating contracts, and Labor Board procedure. 
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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Am•rlcan History: the otory of the vowth of the labor 

movemeni in America irom Coioniai daye to the pretent. with 

an es.amination of labor'• rigbte under New Deal le~lation. 

Economics: an introductory coune dealing with the way people 

make a living; the development of tbe industrial era aJ>d ita 

efl"ect upon the welfare o( working people; and the economic 

background or the union movement. 

Union Pvblici,y: practice in the haoic element. of a news 

story, related to reporting for labor papen. The mechanica of 

editing a paper or pamphlet; mimeographing 'methods; and 

the creating ol cham and poetere for publicity u.eee. Students 

write their own lite otories and publish them in mimeographed 

form, 

Parliamentary Law and Public Speaking: deeigned to ehow 

etudcnts how to run• huaineu~lik.e meeting•, and how to get 

arros~ ideas in an effective manner. Claes ie c-onducted aa a 

regular union meeting, giving atudents practice in •peaking 

and in parliamentary law. 

Dramatics: training in the improvisation of playa baaed on 

actual situation~ su[!.gested, acted out and produced by the 

studenia. Finished product U oiten taken on tour to union locals. 

Music and Recre-ation: learning labor and folk aong~; practice 

in leading group si-nging, and methods of aetting up a recreational program in a union. 

Equally 8!!1 important as the course of studies is the experience 

of cooperative living. The students contribute two hour!! !! day 

to the running of the hou ... ehold, and have the opportunity of 

flharing work and play with other students and the &taff. 

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MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

Institutes and Extra Sessions. In addition to ito regular reoi· 

dent tenus, Highlander holds frequent weekend inotituteo 

throughout the year, for union11, teacbe~ and aocial work.en. 

For example, during 

1940, inuitutea were 

held at the echool for 

the American Feder&· 

tion of Hooiery W orken, 

for the International 

Ladies' Garment Work· •ong.s. 

en Union, and for Labor's Non· Part i 1an 

League. Informal week· 

end gatherings were 

held for leaders of cooperatives, and for 

80Uthern business and 

professional, And indus· 

tciil Y. W. C. A. 

secretaries, 

Other 1pecial .eessions 

have included auch 

varied pro jecl.8 as: a 

week's Summer camp (or 

the children of union 

members; a writer11' workBhop at which prominent writers and 

young studento from all porto of the country diecU88ed together 

the problenJsof writing: and two work compsforcollege atudente. 

2. The Community Program. The problem of earning a living in 

Grundy County is acute. Since the soil is not BUitable for 

productjve farming, the natural resources 

of the land--coal mining and lumberinghave been exploited until the timber ie 

gone and only a few mines are in 

operation. 

The American Public WeH are A .. odation hag made : study of the oouniy :· 

it is one of the poorest in the South, 

with over eighty percent of the reoidente 

certified for relief. 

An important part of Highlanders' 

SqWJr~ dancing 4 t the alJ.year·round activities is the School'e 

camp }or JUnwT uniOT&ists. work with community organizations in 
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

joint efforts to eolve community and county problema. Leaderahip hao been furnished for Cooperativea in gardening, canning, 

pottery and quilt-making, and in auch organizations aa a Community Council, local unione, and a Parent-Teacher Auociation. 

In the community work, the School alao aaaiota in developing 

local leaderahip by providing for Young People. Club• and 

Study Groupo for Adults. The cultural and recreational life ol 

the community hao been otimulated by the School'• free muaic 

lessons, and by the encouragement of the traditional 10np 

and fine old oquare dancea of the tegion. 

Perhaps the moot outatanding recent example of the 

School's community projects ia a progreeaive nunery achool, 

taught by a member of the Highlander ataff, who ia a graduate 

of the Bank Street Cooperative School for Teachera, and who 

acts as director, jaqitor, parent-worker, and echool-bua driver. 

The parenll of the fifteen children make their contribution by 

helping oupply bot lunches and fuel for the nuraery building. 

--··n~ --~~ ': ~~-~~--~}1-~F-~~;~;~f.t~t~-~5~1tt:Jt!§t---#*!ft--r: .. ~ .. ~* Narsery School bnngs Nevi OpportwififieJ .J9.CommllnJJy CbilJ,n~' :···' . - - . ! -~ . . . . . . .. _..._ ...... 
MONTEAGLE •• TENNESSEE 

s.Extenslon Work. The third aspect of Highlander'• program ia 

iu field work. Staff membere aerve aa a re10urce which uniona 

and cooperatives all over the South can call upon for guidance 

or assistance in worker'• location. At the requeet of the local 

unions for example, memhe~a of the ataff' go out between resident 

eessions to conduct educational programe. lnatruction ia given in 

aetting up mimeographed newspapers, and in the organization of 

dramatics clubs, singing and study groupo. 

Finally, the stair is alwayo available by correspondence or 

visit, to assist graduates of the School in their educational and 

cultural activitieo. There are 180 alumni from 24 otateo and from 

30 different Unions. Some of the typical progreSsive positions 

held by former studenl8 are: union educational director, manager I 

of cooperative store, organizers for the C.I.O. and for the A.F. of 

L., recreational director for unio~ Y.M.C.A. adminiatrator, labor 

new• service editor, member of county echool board, publicity 

director for union, editor of Ja~or song book, teachers and directon for workers' service projech, W.P.A.; and officers of local 

uniona. 
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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

ADMINISTRATION, MAINTENANCE 

AND SUPPORT 

Administration: The Executive Council of the Highlander 

Folk Schooi oomists or ieading repreeentativee oi both the 

A.F. of L. and the C.I.O., and the teaching otaff. The teaching, 

. direction, and control of the ocbool are in the baudo of the 

staff and of labor representative• committed to the idea that 

democracy can best be achieve~ through a atrong, intelligent 

labor movement. The School is not, and never haA been, affiliated 

with any political organization or party. 

Members of the Executive Council are: Albert Barnett, 

Professor of Old Testament Literature, Scarritt College; Mi88 

Lucy Randolph Mason, Southern Puh]idty Repreeentath·e for 

the C.I.O.; Edward F. Callaghan, Vice-Preoident of the American 

Federation Hosiery Workeu; George Titler, Secretary, District 

19, United Mine Workers of America;Matt Lynch, Representative 

of the American Federation of Hosiery Workers; Roy Reynolds, 

Preeide1*it Chattanooga Printing PreNmen and As;ietants Union; 

Alton Lawrence, Southern Representative of Labor's NonPartisan League; Paul R. Christopher, Executive Secretary of 

the Tennes~ee State Industrial Union Council; BPrnard Borah, 

Southern Repre11entative of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers 

of America. 

StaH: The otaff bring to their teaching, in addition to college 

and profe8sional training, their experience in the field of South· 

em labor as members of the American Federation of Teachers. 

and as organizers, writers and speakers. They receive no salaries, 

other than maintenance. The 8taff i11 cooperatively organized and 

share11 equally in the control of the school. 

The staff includes: Teacher.; William Buttrick, College of 

the City of Nashville, Duke Univenity; James Dombrowski, 

Emory University, Columbia University, Union Theological 

Seminary; Myles Horton, Cumberland University, University of 

Chico go; Zilphia Horton, College of the Ozarks; Librarian, Leon 

W"Hson; Nur~ry School Director, Claudia Lewis, Reed College, 

Bank Street Coopcrath·e Schooi for Teachers; Community 

Worker, Mary Lawrence, Duke Univenity; Office Secretaries, 

Louise Dichman, Vassar CoUege; Louise Conkling, Oberlin 

College. 
MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

Support: The School ia run on a cooperativ~ buia. Studenta aad 

otatf 1hare in the houoehold work; hence, every ~nny oC the 

yearly cotJtributiona ia devoted to the actual maintenance of the 

School and ito year-round program of reoidence terma, and community and exte111ion work. 

Contributon are unions, religiouo groupo, otudent bodiea, 

educational foundationa, and over nine hundred liberal men and 

women throughout the oountry. Scl-olanhipo are maintained 

by &everal international uniona; and by individual contrihuton, 

including Mro. Franklin D. Roooevelt. 

The ochool work would be impouible without the moral and 

financial eupport of progreteive citizens. They believe with the 

School that 1f democracy ia to ourvive the onolaughto of the 

anti-democratic forcee epreading in the world today, the great 

majority of our people must learn bow to exerci~e their righta 

moot capably and wioely through the dem'!Cratic proceu. 

Endor•ements. The School io proud of the rooter of illuotriouo 

leaden, both Nationa) and Southern, who endone it.B work. 

Amongst the prominent repreaentativee of organized labor - "' 

Dr. George S. Counto; President, American Federation oC 

Teachero, A.F. of L.: 

"I have every confidence in the Highlander Folk School u 

an institution thoroughly devoted to the intereel8 of working 

people and the cause of American democracy." 

John L. Lewio: Preoident, United Mine Workero of America, 

C.l.O.: 

'"I think that the School io performing a noteworthy taok in 

the field of liberal and uoeful education, and that real recognition is due for the generous and effective aupport which it givea 

to the otruggle of labor in the South." 

Amongst the well-known educators -

Dr. John Dewey: 

"When the Highlander Folk School wao founded, I wrote 

that I re~arded it as one of the most important aoeial·educational 

projects in America. The achievementa of the &hool in the 

past eight yean i!On6rm my original judgment." 

Dr. William S. Knickerbocker, Professor at the University or 

the Sou1h, and editor of the SEWANEE REVIEW: 

'" ... the Hi~hlander Folk School io rendering an important 

and iudir;pt>n"able service in it8 nursery school, its relief assist· 

ancc, its intt•Jii~enl 8crutiny of political and 8ocia] conditions, 

and in mo.,t of its proposals for the elimination of removable 

abu~e" and the introduction of more tolerable conditions or lhing.~' 
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MONTEAGLE • TENNESSEE 

In the Church -

Reverend Reinhold l'iiebuhr: 

""One of the most interesting experiments in labor education 

in America.'" 

Reverend Marshall Wingfield, Memphis Pastor, Moderator of 

the Tennessee Conference of Congregational Churches and Hi .. 

torian in Chief of the Sons of Confederate Veteram: 

" . . . ] know the School is doing an excellent and much 

needed work in this area." 

Amongst our neighbors -

Mi•• May Justus, public school teacher, author, and holder of 

a Rol'lenwald Fellowship: 

"lam glad to say that I know of much good the Highlander 

Folk School has done in our community, both in an educational 

and altruistic way. They have proved their friendship, especially 

to the poor and needy, rendering materia] aesiatance in many ca~es when none else was available.n 

Jllro. C. R. Starr, President of the P.T.A.: 

•• ... the)· are an asset to this community." 

1 n JJ~' orkcr5 Education -

Mark Starr, Educational Director, International Ladies Gar· 

mcnt \\:' orkers Union: 

'"'The trade unions of the South need workers' education to 

increase ,their power and use it wisely. Highlander Folk School 

de~encs support because it providee that workers' education." 

Hilda Smith, Director \Vorkere Service Program, Worb 

Progre!'s ~t.imini11tration. 

••The Highlander Folk School js maldng an unusual contribution to workers' education. It h·ae &et a pattern in community 

relation~ throogh a workers' school and is doing much to 1ive 

courage to imluto<trial and rural workers who are concerned with 

raising standard" of living and developing educational programs 

among workers' groups." 

In Labor Organizations1940 Annual Convention of the C.l.O.: 

"

4 ••• resolved that this organization endorse the ideas and 

program of the Highlander Folk School." 

RESOLUTION, I'IASHVILLE TRADES AND 

LABOR COlJI'ICIL, (A. F. of L.) 

" •.. the Council expresses confidence in the fundamental 

soundnes8 of the objecth·es of this labor school.'" 
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IT IS FOR THEM WE GIVE •• 
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• REPRINTED FROH THE ..( rl' \ ~-- ·~--------- . · ) fember 9, 1940 

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A Good School Under Fire 

ONE OF our favorite educational institutions in the 

whole United States is the Highlander Folk 

School at Monteagle, Tennessee. Highlander is a labor 

school; its chief purpose is to take promising tradeunion members and equip them better to help their 

organizations light for improved conditions for the 

working man. No student is taken unless he is endorsed 

by a local union. No distinction is made between AFL 

and CIO, both of which co6perate with the school. 

In addition to this primary purpose, the school has 

two others. It attempts to aid the people of the little 

community where it is located; it conducts a nunery 

>,c,.:.ol fo:: people nearby and has sponsored several cooperative undertakings for them. It also has an extension division which does field work of several kinds in 

cities near and far. 

The direct support of labor is indicated by representation on its executive council. This body includes a 

~·ice-10re~ident and another reoresentative of the Ameri· 

can Federation of Hosiery' Workers; the Southern 

,Ji•eft,,r of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers; the 

president of the Chattanooga Printing Pressmen, and 

a local aocretary from the United Mine W or ken. 

Among many labor groups supporting the school is the 

Nashville Trades and Labor Council, AFL. 

The schools has friends in other quarters than the 

organized labor movement. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt 

is keenly interested and maintains a echoiarshlp there. 

The benefit this month in the national capital is sponsored by a Justice of the Supreme Court, members of 

the Cabinet and of Congress, a fonner governor, 

administrators of leading federal agencies, two members of the National Defense Advisory Commission 

and other prominent persons. Mr. J. W. Studebaker, 

United States Commissioner of Education, wrote the 

ccm:n~ttee on arrangements: " .. 

4

Jt.hough ! LT. asked 

_. _, J ... ,:, :;, lend my name for the sponsorship of 

many undertakings and naturally find it necessary to 

decline, I am willing to be one of the sponsors of your 

benefit.'' 

______ .... _.~ 

Why do we go into sueh detail about the support the 

Highlander Folk School receives? Because there has 

been a long continued, vicious campaign in T cnnessee 

to destroy this institution. Most of the newspapers of 

the entire surrounding territory have repeatedly lied 

about the school, on sueh a scale that the falsification 

cannot be attributed to an innocent misunderstanding. 

The charges have been that the school was "communistic," that it was misleading the young people, and 

10 on. Dr. James Dombrowski, director of the school, 

has denied all these charges and has indicated his willingness, if it could be proved that the school is unAmerican or is detrimental to the community and to 

the people it serves, to put an end to its work. Nobody 

has ever brought forward even a fragment of evidence 

that the charges are true. 

Who is behind the attempt to destroy the Highlander Folk School? First of all, it is reactionary employers throUJ1:hout the entire South, men who object 

io the school-because it trains peopie to become ~uccessful leaders of strong trade unions. Locally, there 

is reason to believe that the Tennessee Consolidated 

Coal Company has had a good deal to do with the 

attaek. This company has for years dominated Grundy 

County. In 1938, for the first time, a group of county 

officials were elected who were not subservient to the 

coal company, and the school fac'.!!!)• was active during 

the campaign in support of these candidates. 

A few weeks ago, feeling was stirred up to such a 

pitch that a vigilante group calling themselves the 

Grundy County Crusaders planned to march against 

the school. If this had been done, blood would certainly have been shed. At the last minute, the vigilante 

leaders were persuaded instead to confer with the 

school officials. As a result of this five-hour conference, 

the tension was relieved somewhat. But there is danger 

that it will rise again; there are plenty of people in 

Tennessee who don't want a school that prepares eflicient spokesmen for labor, and will stoop to almost 

anything to destroy it. c, 

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HIGHLANDER ENDO!~SfD· :J3Y C/.0 J>, _, ••• 

li1SOL1JTI0ll 

~REAS the Tennessee State Industrial Union Counoil.in 6onat1tutlo~l convention 

&asembled, in Knoxville, Ter.r.., on May 25, 1940, un~~iaously adopted the tollowint 

resolution1 ··.' .... . ;--~~-. 

•WHEREAS the aim c! the Hish~llllde:r Felk Sobocl at Monteagle, Tennessee, is to aid !n the fight fo:r complete political &nd economic 

democracy in the South, Qnd 

:mEREAS the school conduots a )'9!l.r round educational, recreational 

o.nd orgo.nizntional program unde up of six weeks residence terms 1 institutes nnd conferences,· ~d field work with unions, Qnd 

WHEREAS teachers and ~ numter of former students nre orgnnitera and 

officials of CIO unions, and 

WHEREAS such l~bor activities hnvo mnde the school a target tor attacks from nnti-lnbor foroes, 

THEREFORE be it resolved thut this or~izntion 'endorse the aims and 

program of the Highlander Folk School and thnt the efforts to discredit 

and defame the achool be condemned o.s e..n attack. on the progresa1vo la-· 

bor movement of the South. 1 

':"~'!:?:-:~~mE bo it resolved thnt the third u.n.nuo.l convention of the Congress of Indue-

';\-•-:Jlf'-SSfle State lndustrio.l Union Council. 

-~IHl inm Turnbla.zer, 

Willio.m lti tch, 

EdwQrd F. Ccll~gho.n, 

I' c. u1 R. Christopher, 

R.C. Thomo.s. 

N.A. Zonaricb,. 

I L'. ul Rn.gon, 

loJ• Smith, 

~1. H. Crn.wford, 

Jc hn Green, 

:;'=<;rge Bo..ldo.nt1 1 

Herbert W. Pa.yno, 

Franz Ihniels, 

Philip Van Gelder, 

rnnk Rosenblum, 

F. C. P 1 eper 1 

John J. Schulter, 

SUBlUTTED BY 1 

Cbairm~ 1 Tennessee Industrial Union Council; President 

of District 19, United Mine Workers. 

Cha.irm:m, Alo.b~m Industrial Union Council: Southern Director, Steel Workers Orguniz1ng Committe~. 

Soutt)Grn Director, Amerierlll Federn.tion of Hosier)' Workers. 

Secretc.ry1 Tennessee Industria.! Union Council. • 

International President, United Automobile Wcrkers. 

Interno.tionnl President, Aluminum 1'fork.:~rs o:l' America.. 

Ch:lirmant Chattanooga. IndUstrin.l Ur.ion Council; Representative 1 S'.VOC. 

Tennessee era Representdtive, 

Ch.o.irJJU'.n, Birmingh~·-m Industrio.l Union Collltcll. 

Nationul Presidont, Industrial Union of Mo.rtne & ShipbiJ_ilfiing Workers of .i..merica. 

Executive Vice-President, Textile Workers Union t>_f ~ica. 

Director Rc.yon Division, Textile Workors Union of -Amer'ico.. 

Na.tiono.l Or@;~her, Amn.lg::uJL.."lted Clothin~ Workers. . .... 

Secretnry, Industr!nl Union of llc.rino & Shi)>Milding Workers. 

Vice-President, CID; Orgnnit:J.tional Director, AC1-TA. 

Regionnl CIO Dire~tor, Ne~ Orleans. 

Southam Diroctor, .United Ret::til & Wholesale Employees. 
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1-1 I r.. 1-1 I A t\.1 l"t t D 

I I I'-' I I L." 1-.,. V L 1'-

FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

OPEN TO SOUTHERN MEN AND WOMEN 

RECOMMENDED BY 

RURAL OR INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS 

HIGHLANDER IS --- ENDORSED BY LEADING 

LABOR UNIONS 

Summer Term-Six Weeks 

AUGUST 18 to SEPTEMBER 27 

1941 

• •• ' ... ":,!"'~ 

~ 

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. ' .. 

~ ~o..~ '~ 

:-.;~~!~~~ -,.:r-~- .: -"" 

' - "" :_ 

'~- -·- ~ 
Eagle Bluff 

,_,- ,coc), Foster 

...... ,_,; ~. and :;;a}tp~­

terCaveare 

amr;ng the scenic 

Studenta receive practical 

training in conducting the af. 

fairs of the union. 

Courses include: 

Union Problems 

Labor History 

Economics 

Journalism 

Public Speaking 

Parliamentary Law 

Mimeographing and 

Posters 

Dramatics 

Music and Recreation 

Study 

Highlander 

Offers 
··. 

EXPENSES 

A NUMBER OF SCHOLARSHIPS COVERING ALL OR PART OF THE STUDENT'S EXPENSES ARE AY AILABLE. 

WHEN POSSIBLE, _ HOWEVER, THE 

STUDENT OR HIS OR HER LOCAL ORGANIZATION IS ASKED TO PAY $50. 

THIS IS ONLY HALF OF THE ACTUAL 

' 

COST PER STUDENT. 

• • 

WRITE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 

AND. APPLICATION BLANKS. 
100H)5 )110.:1 

~Y~ Jo :j!Jau~ ~ 

33rnOOWVf 

3f.JNVG 3INVfl'bs 

~s 

i td/) 

•• r . 

'.: 

•DATE ••••••• WEDNESDAY EVENING,MAY 4tlo 

•PLACE ..••.. ALMAS TEMPLE, 1315 K ST. N.W. 

•TIME ••.••• EIGHT THIRTY 

• ADMISSION •.••.• 75 + PER PERSON 

')~. JOHN T. 8E~NA~D 

Miss MAllY AN!>EP..SON 

JOHN COFFEE: 

Mn EUGENE MEYER. 

Mr~. ELEA~ PA'TTERSOtt 

Mn. HOWELL MOOMW 

Mn. HAf.lAN FISK€ STONE 

M ... COil~IN STilONG 

Mn. CAII..OLINE O'DAY 

Mi« HI L DA 5 M I T H 

W~HT MAP.SH,.,LL 
T H E 

A place where children may come to 

play with other children whom they ordinarily do not see. Here they lea•n the 

ways of getting along together. 

With their teacher they go on walks 

and rides to see the things they like 

to see--the big bus in Monteagle, the 

grocery store, the well-digger in Buddy's 

yard. 

At school they have orange crates and 

boards to build yheir own "well diggers". They have hammers and nails, C'ayone, paints 

(mostly made from poke-berries and roots) 

and clay (which they themselves can dig), 

r HOWlS THE 

; SCHOOL SUPPLIED 

• 

: Highlander 

Folk School 

: Provides maintenance 

; :tor the teacher, and 

t a oar for collecting 

; the children each da;v. 

J 

, Public 

Welfare Dept. 

: supplies surplus 

' commodities, which go j into the hot soup. 

' National Youth 

The teacher singe with the children, ·Administration 

and tells them stories. For some of the . paays for two aaeischildren, it is the first time that anyone ~as tante, mountain girls, 

ever told them stories. who are receiving 

There 

ropes to 

stronger 

are trees to 

jump. These 

bodies, 

~."!_rector and Teacher: 

climb, swings to push, things help to build 

Mies Claudia Lewis, formerly with the Bank 

Street Schools, New York City. 

The Program: 

Mid-morning lunch of crackers and fruit 

,juice; noon lunch of hot soup and milk; 

cod liver oil during the winter. 

Pla:r outdoors all day durin!' the warm months. 

An hour's rest after lunch has just been 

made possible by t.he donation of cote. 

Ro~§J~g-~nd Equipment:_ 

The nursery school is temporarily located 

in one of the two rooms of tre public elementary school building. The room is la•~>e 

and light, heated by a coal stove. Viater 

comes fTom a well in the school ya•d. 

When this well is dry, the water must be 

ca:ried from a spring a quarter o~ a mile 

away. 

PlaY equipment consists chiefly of what 

can be secured at no cost--acorns, sticks and stones; cornstalks and orang~ 

era tea. 

. nursery school training j, from IIi ee Lewi a. 

' The Community , People 

. donate all they oan , in the way of milk, ooal . labor. It is their 

interest and cooperation , which have made the ~school a real commun-

•1tr.Y nurser;v school. 

I WE BEED 

'J.!•dical care, cots 

and blankets, play equipment, 

stove, supplies, an adequate salary for the teacher, 

a permanent building :tor 

the school. · 

Please help us meet 

our budget and needs . by sending your oon- , tribution to the chairman of our Finance Committee: 

Mr. Lionel c. Perera 

912 Fifth Avenue 

New York City 

or directly to the 

Highlander Folk School, 

Monteagle Tennessee • . 

, Checks should ba made . payable to the Highlander 

~ Fol~ School •. _. ,_, '"'-
The Summerfield Nursery School, on t>c. 

Cumberland Plateau, Monteagle, Tenneese~. 

iB doing it's beet 

BUT WE STILL NEED YOUR HELP 

The Summe?fild Nursery School, which 

has operated with the help of the HighlruJQer 

Folk School since June, 1938, cares for 

about 20 children, aged 3-5. The ~chool 

is open the year round, and welcomes all 

children free of charge, 

The parents of these children once 

worked in coal and timber. But now th~t 

the coal is used up and the timber is 

stripped, WPA road work is all there is to 

turn to. Summerfield's 60 families live 

on barren land, housed in the ehac~e their 

grandfathers built--still without electricity, without plumbing. 

In this community, children are the only 

riches. These Bonnie Caro~s and Johnnie 

Maee are indeed well loved. Their 

isolated life has made them excessively 

shy, but they are happy and bright. 
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THE HIGHLANDER FLING 

Published by the Bighlaflder Folk School 

Vol 3, --------------------~~~~~======----------------==~~--- :-Ia. 4 9 Cfoo MONTEAG1..E, TENNESSEE NOVEMBER, 1941 

FIELD PROGRAM 

BROADENS 

United Auto Workers At Highlander lfAUTO WORKERS ~-------------------'[CONFER ON 

\Vith ~h£ ex::eptior. of the eight 

...,-e:-ks shf' spent teaching at Highlander. Marv Lawrance has been 

in New Orl~ans since April first. 

Her p:-ogram of workers' education. ~.pon,orcd b.v the: New Orletm.s Indu':'trial Union Council, 

wiE continue until the end of the 

yeer. 

s,:<€::-ial ciasses ha\'e bf:>.f>n held 

for three umons: li'w Furniture 

Workers. the In1and Boatmen, 

thE' Transport Workers. In additlOr. tnere han been classes for 

officer~, !>tPwards. and committPPr>.<rn 0~ fi,·• hrr;>:e locals This 

t'-· -·~--·~ t-·-- __ ,._ program 

has resulted in the starting of 

c'!~:->1.:tm~ntal mf'etings 1n the 

unions. a.n in~rPa.sed attendance at ger:t>ral meetif1go., increase 1n 

rP~mbershio and dues collection, p-'Jb1ica~io:-J of a mimeographed 

pr-.per by one of the unions. Be- l.-.'l,~:l St>Vf:'r::.l-f;··e and a hun- ~r,.-; .<'~'~(·-r r ·.·<·nG clr~s f'ach v .• •t-i-;; I Members of Ford local 903, Memphis, took part in claasea, 

A m!m~,. ... nf :HigllhnciPr alumni singing, square dancing, September 5, 6, 7, and made plans for 

··~~·-,-- 1' __ ,, 1 !~"' --:of:'r)'<m the Memphis conference described on this page. In the group are .... Jtei ": ,.~ ,., u- }.'.,hard Deverall, U. A. W. educational director; Bethel Judd, 

.::nlt, i:: t.L ,_-r1ti::Jf:: ::u1l tim<> to 1t. International Representat-ive; Ben McCullough, local president; . , bP.·n c>:1.-:-- T. G. Vanlandingham, financial secretary. The latter attended 

!'1"'~ ~ostn.:,, news the summer term on the scholarship given by Mrs. Roosevelt. 

'•'-· 

,_,.,_ 

. ,-·,:::::Jal, :f' buten".'~ ,-,f :~ reading 

·~) o.Jice, and 

r;,,~ ;>arade, 

.:. !'i€'W Or-

"Pn''' TO BUILD 

, ..:c_·d on the 

':r,;ir'" , . .f L' :-p rt PrD!:rram. 

h.iS iJ.I. dl ;:;"WLr·d 2fH1 lS 8\'aiJable 

!rom thf' C' I 0 uffir.:e. 

Con.r,.,-nl~n£ F'lH.i Pieper. reg;::::naJ C. 1. 0 cit~C'ctc:-. say.s, "We 

i ,,-, 

::.taff 

?.tc.:J: 

("'] :.~-

• ~·:1 i~ 

;,,,<>]. 

COllnf the 

.,,,, ~ u!,iCft'TICe. 

..... ~o<::I' 

: uc..:::.: ;0:-~al pro-

;,•.~.~pJce~ of the 

Cc:~ncil. Pro-

\' ]. 0. lo-

'T1Jr rc are ten 

l: ·n,Jns th€'re. 

· f-'ar 7?-.l<Jr.. L contmuing 

n.;).t2l,:,.· ?:.J_ .: ·.-..o:-kers. woodv,-:,rk£;·~. dw:, ir_ ,; 'o\·or:...t-rs, steel 

\t':Jr!.-~r.s n··'l;::im~ ·~·-'OrkPrs_ and 

Summer Term Features 

Labor Conferences 

One hundr£>d and fifty~six representatives of A. F. of L. and 

C. I. 0. unions a ;:tended the five we~k-end conferences held at the 

school during the regular six week's summer tenn, August 18 to 

September 27. · The conference dealt with problems of organizing, education for 

:1nion members, political action 

for unions, and labor's part in the 

National Defense Program. Regular students and visitors alike 

took part in the discussions. Leaders of the conferences were Richard Deverall, International Educational Director of the United 

Auto Workers; Yelverton Cowherd, regional C. I. 0. director, 

Birmingham; Alton Lawrence 

southern representative Labor's 

Non-Partisan League; Fred Pieper, regional C. I. 0. director, 

Ne'ft.' Orleans; Allen McNeil, southem reprseentative Mine, Mill & 

Smelter Workers. 

Speaken 

Other speakers and discussion 

·r•t".·8 n('A";-S,, ieaders were William Eaves, re· 

i gtonal Wage and Hour director; i:l"· ,i on P 2. l'ol 21 

Paul Christopher, Tennessee 

State c. I. 0. Becret.azy; Flem· 

ing James, Dean of the Theological Seminary, University of the 

South, Sewanee; George Stoney, 

Farm Security Administration; 

Frank Coffee, Social Security 

Board; Joe Dobbs, Chairman Organizing Committee Chattanooga 

Central Labor Union; 0. A. Baxter, sub-regional director Steel 

Workers Organizing Committee, 

Chattanooga; Rosanne Walker, 

Retail and Wholesale Clerks representative, Philadelphia; M. C. 

Anderson and Frank Allen, Mine, 

Mill & Smelter Workers representatives; Edward Woods, Amer· 

tcan Newspaper Guild representative; Mike Smith, Tennessee di· 

rector Amalgamated Clothing 

Workers; Bethel Judd, United 

rConUnued on P.!, Col. I) 

• II- f 3 

,EDUCATION 

! atc~~~~d:~tb:~:~;n~~:~ I all, U. A. W. Educa,tional Director, 1 Bethel Judd, International Representative, and members of Memphis Ford Local 903, The UNITED 

AUTO WORKERS, C. I. 0., held 

a three day educational confer· 

ence at the Hotel Chisca, Memphis, the 24th, 25th and 26th of 

1 October. A large number of delegates were present from Detroit. 

Baltimore, Louisville, Atlanta, 

Dallas, Memphis. 

.. The union " said Deverall "is 

more than ~ply a slot machine 

for wages and hours. We can make it the cultural, democratic 

means of life for the American 

worker." Special study was given 

the Ford grievance procedure, 

setting up of local union educational a.nd recreational programs, 

publ1cJty and journalism, and 

hou.stng, rent.s, and pricea. 

Prlnctpa.l speakers were T. J. 

Starling, U. A. W. southern board 

member; Richard Deverall; Frank 

Marquart, educational director of 

Ford Local 600, Detroit; John 

Edelman, Office of Price Administration, Washington . 

B.lrht To Strike 

"When management waives the 

right to profit," Deverall said, 

"unions will waive the right to 

str1ke." Brother Marquart spoke 

forcefully for adoption of the 

Murray Industrial Council Plan as 

the one means 1n sight for putting the National Defense Program on a sound basis. 

HFS Staff Members 

Myles Horton, Harry Lasker. 

Maria Stenzel, Leon Wilson were 

delegates from Highlander and 

took active parts in the program. 

The Highlander film "PEOPLE 

OF THE CUMBERLAND" was 

shown with U. A. W. movies and 

drew a fine response. Plans Wt"Tf' 

announced for a week's school at 

Highlander for southern Auto 

Workers, to be held early in 1942. 

A number of Highlander Alum· 

nl attended the conference, including T. G. Vanlandingham, financial secretary of Ford Local 

903, who was awarded the second 

scholarship provided by Eleanor 

Roosevelt. 

The conference concluded with 

a mass meeting for Memphis C. 

I. 0. workers, held in Edgewood 

Part. 
( I 

Pal;(e Two THE HIGHLANDER~FLIN-=::.:.:G~--------.;__-_:N_:_o~v.:._em=be_:_r:.:.,.:..l:.:.94_1 

wuo; uwltJ.I'I..-16 t-u«t.ill, ,u 3quare dancing alone. The 19~1 

l-\'ork Camp, jointly conducted by Highlander and the Internati·:mal Stwlcnt Service, had for its main project the clearing of 

a tract for reforestation. Other projecta included. repairs to the 

Nt.userJp· School, constr'Uction of a potter•s wheel. Observation 

trips to T. V. A. a?-eas, the Cherokee National Forest, and an A.?.1-b~'''·'·' tf':r~ile center were important features of the program. 

(

-·;()]\-, 1\-~T--LTl\JITY AN-D' parliamentary la.w, public speak- , · .. 1.. -· __ 1 ing, publicity. 

cuU~'\: ll: Nl<~\YS I In CUnton 

1 Maria Stenzel, Highlander oom-

't~.···~)-- -•-,.. ~ -:-1nwr progr2..m of I munity worker, spent the week of 

res 1dPL>J' l..t': :-:;s cQmp~eted, c.a.,::.e::. Vt.:tober 27th in Clinton, Tenn~­

ere now ir, progress for the Sum- see, wh.:·re she organized a rec-

·-:'_\· reational program for the Hoslery 

T~" Jr· ·-u'Y fo1md day has been Workers. The violently anti-union 

aL~~· 7,..c ~·. T. v A. technicia:1s; Magnet Mills recently defeated 

t;.; -, r·, '\1.",j'r'"k G&.Jilp bu1:t 

.. ~..," ~",-"""'""'' ,~ r-o~tPry wheel; the 

)'"·, ·,... ·-, firt'd expo:riem~nt11.1l;,r. rnerr.Ot>!"t- of, the SurnJ.nHP 

fJPl:i Coor.Pr:J.tive are working 

,1:::..:·· • .. ·· ,.. •.•. ,. !i!akinq and }10]".)€ 

tc. f'vrr. ·. cut in thf:'" sPring wlth 

:... 1r,a1·r..f .. ~.~;; ,_~:o . .:.,lct. 

the union 1n their efforts to become barganing agent for the 

Magnet workers. The union spirit 

is unda.unted; organization continues. 

Impetus for the program came out of the post-election rally, at 

which Myles Horton and Maria 

Stenzel had charge of recreation. Dil~e.r~: Kir;g ar.d Maria Stenzel Program Included decorating of ,~tt' co; ~ •. 1u1r.g the ?.:hltthr.g class the umon hall, poster making, 

of la~t '\\'Jnter, when the young ""'""'".... ..~ ..... +...... ,..,...,rnn"H ..... UJnr1.-

D~ "!nit nf thf C'ommunltv Jea.:··ned :t;r't,_. 0:"' .. ;e~;;"~ar~ d;;~;i;g ir";;~p I ,, .· ~..,c,· hcrEe~ '".:t I and organi?.atlOn of a string band. 

and dot ~ 1:.1 theJr }X)Cket kmves I A HA.llowe'en party was the I 

.Sq .JR.J .:o.ulc'ng Is agam the high spot of SistEr Maria's week 

' '" t ~ts I Grundy~Marlon Conference -.-.c ,_ -•-r, m Pl"'tt<Pn at I Off1cers and members of two 1 

~d.<H> r .. '"" (·na of Grunas Grundy County UNITED MINE 

• >.. . • . . ••• • ...... wORKER locals met with Hugh 

In addition to htt othe.- nc-1 Rankin, UMWA district repre~ 

til·ities. Jc.ar. Payne is now hand- senta.ttve, at the school October 

,~.- tl.' • C~\·-·l:nl!, "library The! the 18th, and worked Out plans 

. - ".. · nortly C'l:lrlij.•lf'tl .a l for an organi?.ation campaign; 

On September 25th two C. I. 0. 

organizers were extended the gracious hospitality oi Roane Count-y, 

Tennessee, company thucs and 

pollee. Cllmax to the brutal torturing was the application to 

naked nesh of free-flowing &luthern tar. 

Despite the nationwide publicity given the B.lfa.ir and the C. 

I. O.'s posted offer of a thousand 

dollars, county of Roane and state 

ot Tennessee have so far succeeded in falling to make any 

arrests. OJnunemoratLTig t..he 

county employers' careers of antiunion ouUawry <the present case is part of a rich tradition> Paul 

Christopher, state C. I. 0. secre- tary, is getting out a pamphlet 

entitled "TERROR IN !WANE 

COUNTY." Text is the work of 

Horace Bryan, writer and former 

Highlander student; the cover 1s 

by Maria Stenzel. 

(Summer Term ConUnued) 

Auto Workers representative, 

Memphis; John Bouche, C. I. 0. 

representative, New OrleaM; 

Keng L1, rural Y. W. C. A. sec- retary from China. 

Student Activities 

During the fifth and sixth 

week, on request of the students, 

a special study was made of state 

and federal labor legislation. Student.s rnade two field trips to take 

part 1n union meetings:· one to 

the Retail Clerks of Whitwell, 

HFS ALUMNI 

TO CONVENE 

A Thanksgiving banquet will 

climax the third annual reunion 

oi the Highlinder Alumni, November 28th, 29th and 30th. Marla 

Stenzel, ILiumnl secretary, has re- ceived letters from many former 

student£ planning to be here for 

the big week-end. The lchedule 

says discussions, volley 'ball, dancIng. 

In response to our call, activity 

reports are no wcoming 1n from 

all alumni. These will be used In 

working up a detailed survey of 

P...ighlander·~ tL.'"St ten years in 

labor education. The tenth year, 

1942, is coming at us head on. 

Handle Workers of Sequatchie, 

Tennessee. 

"WE'VE GOT WORK TO DO," 

a play wtitten by the students 

to show labor's role in the de· 

tense emergency, and calling for 

acceptance of the Murray De· 

fense Plan, wa.s performed twice 

for enth"USlMtic audiences, 

Among the full-time students 

were hosiery workers, inland boatmen, construction -workers, a newspaper employee, an auto 

worker, a postal worker, a fed~ 

£ral employee, a student of labor 

law. Students came from Okla.-

homa., Louisiana, Texas, Tennessee, !Washington, D. C. For the 

second time the Pan-America.n 

tlnlon sent a Latin American 

worker who came this year from 

Colombia, South America. 

;t;): ;·<:-.-; •·f ."-f'rYH'P 1n circulat-) among the truckers and sawmill ""-"-~'-= 

"~ Y.i,;1ts and child1~n I workers of Grundy and Marion CHARLES W. FERGUSON, an associate editor of the READER'S 

nut m n .. ~ co'.mty. counties. DIGEST, discusses the 'think-piece' with Kate Bradford Stockton, 

::\·ur1oery SdJooJ onetime candidate for governor of Tennessee. Highlander held 

._!oar. Payn(c plans to keep the conduct the children's Christmas its third annual WRITERS WORKSHOP this summer. Other 

Nler . ...f-ry St·hool going until party at which forty or fifty Sum- teachers were Novelist Mary Lapsley, Playwright Lealon Jones of 

':,~ ~};' ~·· '~ .. -: p~r:rflelti children will say Missouri State Teachers College. Guest speakers included H. C. 

, _t -.:; 'howdy·· to a guaranteed genuine Nixon of Vanderbilt University; Henry Zon, Washington Bureau 

;.~ wc.,-kly m. eeungs for 18ant.a Claus and carry off pres- of the Federated Press; William R. McDaniel, director Tennessee ~h.·~ t.f'rr c.r""IP girls o-f thP. cm:-J- ents sent by friends of the com- Federal Writers Program. Students were writers, school teach-

. thf'y wll1 :-w1p f.f'r rnunity and of the school. ers, college atudenta, trade unioniata. 

-~ ...... --~- lA CUP» WC u, 4 
( ( 

THE HIGHLANDER FLING 

Published by The Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee 

Vol. 4, No. 1 ~9 MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE March. 1942 

Executive Council 

Meets 

Statement of Purpose, Program and I Alumni Notes 

Policy ... • • . cecil Pegues represented the 

The first Executive Council 

meeting of the new year took 

place at the school January 11. 

Prir.cipal disr::ussion was on bow 

Highlander can most eHectively 

con~muc with its services to workers during the war. 

1·ne purpose or tne Hlghlanaer J<'olk :SChool is to Mine Mill & smelter Workers in 

assist in the defense and expansion of political and the Rockwood labor board eleoeconomic democracy. tion at _the Tennessee Products 

Since unions are basic to the achievement of de- Corporation. The IUMM&SWA . . won 323 to 1, Matt Lynch, Trlmocracy, the strengthenmg of umons through edUCll- state AFHW director and Alumni 

tion is the school's primary task. Chairman, w .. kidnapped in RockThe program is determined by the needs and pol- WOO<! in IB36. 

icies of the unions from which the students are sent 

ocn PROPOSAL and with which the school works. These needs are BUiye Batley Is educational diOIJ1.co,,Je of the deliberation was served through resident classes, conferences, extension rector for the n.awu ln Atlanta. 

the pr?poss.l s?bmitteC to, Rnd work, and recreational activities.--- ·--- ------ now bemg con>~dcred by the Of- I th · • h · h •t · 1 t d h h 1 n.c of Civilian Defense in Wash- n e community ln w lC 1 IS oca e t e sc oo · " ·-· · ·-"""! Indicates, functions as a rural settlement house, providing social, 

how t.he fa.ciHties of the school educational, and recreational services. 

could be used by the OCD in a The school's influence is south wide; its program prc.gn:~.m of traininE. union mem- trains southern rural and industrial leaders for a dembe1·s for responsibilities 1n their 

Jocal situations. It is suggested ocratic society. that ocD officials would provide The school is coo1peratively owned and managed 

"·'" uc<icn i·c (1) the prevention of by the teaching staff. It is affiliated with no group or .. - iL .. ~-" t-2 rJ 1

"'n+ and mlne equip- organization. Its policies are wholly determined by an n-:< nt ;nc dPf•·nse materials; (2) d ts d' th . . .- ;r·J:.:"' >T.i{'thods; executive council compose of ou tan Ing sou ern • · ) In h...,..., J..,.,.A.,,..., ,...J,,.a+n .... .,. oro~ ....... a._.. h ... .-.. ,.( th.a Rta.,., ::11 air raid C.efense; ~4) improve-~ Ja.uv ... '"'a .... "" .. ;,• o;;u ...... ~..--.. .. o ,.., ...... u•._u .... '-.. ;3 ......... "" ~ .. - ..... 

mE·:-::- an,. wajntu1anc(! of morale. F~r.an.cial supp~rt of the school comes from small _ ,, .. ,_,,>t'iJ much 1 contribuhcns by fnends and members of the labor 

1r;. -:"-~-.J·: ~c:.,rr.enJ from labor rep- I movement throughout the country. ·t;-,,-c, Tr wa.s first endorsed I · 

w· i "- · · ,_., ,- ::3~te Industrial 

Emil WUUmetz 1s on the Ten ._ 

nessee CIO staff under Pa111 

Christopher. He Is editor of th• 

monthly Tennessee CIO News. 

Bernie Schmidt, SWOC, Covington, Kentucky, originated the 

FRIENDS OF HIGHLANDER 

idea: cards to be sold by the 

alumni at a dollar as a meaN; ot 

raising scholarship funds for 1942. 

cn~rle6 ~dy i6 .ctlve ln. the 

Washington Committee of High~ 

lander. He is completing his law 

studies. Handy 1s research director for the Amal]:amated Meat 

cutters and Butcher Workmen, A. 

F. of L. 

-: .. ~· C<..r .. :.:-, : stt thiO' weekend of 

~.t--p> mJr:- :2·13 :or the Tenth 

h..:... . "' ,_·(·_·_·Qraticn to bel 

hrlci a: ttl::- sthooi. This weekc-_l ·.:· .. ~ t' f· h1..c;t one of Ule 

regu:a r six we£ks summer term, I 

aml w1l1 hf' a climax of a drive 

for pew cOntributors to the school I 

to be dlrE'rtE'd by two members 1 

r-.• 1 , r'' . Mis;; Lucy R.an- j 

.;.__,, .t. ~.!,. , .. .o.!tU Paul R. Chris- 1 

J. D. Bradford wai;· elected International Vice-President of the 

Lime, Gypsum and Cement Work-

: '• I ers~::· ::~wlwn ~lved Loe 

j Crob: de Guerre :tor bra very under 

fire, as an ambulance driver in 

Syria and A!r!ca. 

-"~·nro;·ed revision ryr "'f <J•h(•'·' ~ q;:qpment of pur-

~-"',. ~ _ .~- . ~-, ~- .... \ n .:;ion appears 

C--·uncil merr.bers at the m~tiN· :.-l ~,'!, itinn t.o Miss Mason 

·, -~.· o;lfwr and the 

PL · w··upr staff, were Matt L . l( i ,, "lt·•· ,·,.r, Federation of 

_,,: ~,·, ._ .. -;....._.-" vrg<t.niz.er; Joe 

D·)'~"~- 1 :1flirman Organizing COm-

:-n~•r-t~:-. Ch:.~ttanooga Central La-

~J" L r.;"" Benard Borah, Southf' j' • :-1 '""' 1·•· i:Ji~trict 50. UMWA. 

. 1 ~ v>t.r(' elected: 1 · 

... . . ;-- ~.!: University, ' 

A"" :-:· u • f·,._:;~r:Jtion of Teachens, I A '\ F r 1 ;1,nd :p_ C. Pieper, ret•·-'·"""' ,_ .v L;od: .... ;,u:, New Q;l:'!&ll.S. 

PICNIC DISCUSSION at Sunset 

Not Ft~r From The School 

Thelma Hunter, Lynchburg, Virgina, represented her Boot and 

Shoe Workers local at the state 

A. F. of L. convention and Central 

I 

Labor Union. - · 

Bob Hall is an official of the 

A, F, of L. Bu.Udlng Tr!!Ldes Council of Lexington, Kentucky. 

Paul W1nn 1s now president of 

hts Mine, Mill and Smelter Work- ers local, Lyles, Tennessee. 

Thee Vanlandingh:!m was elected 

financial secretary of his Ford local 1n Memphis, and Chairman o~ 

':.he Industrial Union ·Council. 

Mr. Anthony Hunt, 91, died Jan1 

uary i9. He was the oidest student on Highlander's rolls. Mr. Point Hunt attended nlght classes held '

1

_for tile community people the 

school's firRt winter, 1932-!3. 

-I 

1 

!. ·---~ 
THE YEAR AT A GLANCE: 

252 students took part in the school's 6 resident 

terms and 7 week-end conferences. 

223 students were served by community and extension classes in Grundy County, Memphis. and New 

Orleans. 

CLINTON. Maria Stenzel condcuted a week's program at Clinton, Tenn., for member or the 

Hosiery Workers local. Demonstrations were rtven 1n group sing-· 

tng, square dancing, dramatics, 

posters, decoration Of the local 

hall. 

AUTO WOHXERS' OONFERTRAVELING LIBRARY. Every 

week the school's car carried aasorted books-ehlldren's to adults' 

-to one or more of the six major 

communities of t.he county, Circulation !or t.he year: 1.113 books 

to seventy-four families. 

• • • 

SACRED HARP SINGING 

ENCE. Pour ata.!f members were CLASS. A community chorus, 

to Industry centers and various discussion leaders In the 3-day alnglng the traditional "white" 

Federal projects. The campers ran UAW·CIO Educational Conference sp1r1tual.s of the south, met once 

a consumers' co-op and cleared held tn Memphis in C?ctober. a week for sixteen weeks. The fienough to produce a oolored mo- "P~PLE OF THE c~~ER 

Carrying a bigger program than ever before, the 

school ended the year with a deficit of expenditure over 

income of $1,281.24. 

The Resident 

Terms ~~ u-D - na1 oess!on was a day-long sing The SPRING TERM, held May 

12-24, was attended by fourteen 

full time and fourteen part tJme 

t1on picture of the camp. LAND," the Highlander fUm, was with "dinner on the grounds." 

shown with the UA W tUrns and • • • - ,sh·d"'~ !rcm-ih•e southern states, 

repre5'enting eight international 

unions. Numerous labor and gov-

:.-~:.::.:.:::~ :...~:~:.~a~s ~>>::lped with the 

discussions and classes. . . . The SUMMER TERM, held August 18 to September 24, wa!l attended by sixteen students from srven states and one from Colombia, South America. Ten unions were represented. 

"":"!- ~- !:·.-:: ;.;cek-end cc:.:-.~nences 

held during th1s te!lTl. were attended by 156 peopl~. representi:-" s:;-· .~ •. 7" (}~ ;_, · -~·dt\'\S_ tnr~ 

indeJ>Pndent unions, and seven- teen CIO. 

Daily sched'.lle included classes 

snd rlio;r·u!'c:tons led by the Hig1llandtr staff, the students, and 

vi.sitir.g union and r;overnment 

officialo:; Democrn.tic living and 

cooperatiOn were- stres:;ed and 

practjcaJ experience , was atrorded 

1n studtnt-staff committees on 

classes, reC't-E'!ltion, and house 

maintenance. . . . The WRITERS WORKSHOP 

was held July 28 to August 9 !for 

twe!ve student writers from siX 

15011thern ~tates, New York, Tiline!~. ar.ct th€ DiStrict of Columbia. Classes in fiction, journalism, and playwriting were taught 

by :Murv lap::Jey. novelist and 

maeazine writer: Charles Fergu-

~:-vr;~ a.o.1 W:>:::.oc,a.l..e editor of the ,,,; ...... ... ,J __ .i\JJlt:l:o 

of Missouri. State Tzachers College. 

VL<;iting authorities held special 

~W":''SJGl:s on labor journalism, regional fiction, the Federal writers' 

p::-u iect, s.nd mountain "tall 

stories."' 

. . 

The JUNIOR UNION CAMP, 

June 9-23, enrolled 13 children o! 

A. F. o! L. famllles, 7 o! C. I. 0. 

and 3 of unemployed. For the majority, this was the first experience with mountain life, the first 

real trip a way from home. Classes 

were held 1n unlonslm, singing, 

dancing, handcrafts, puppetry. 

Maintenance of the camp was co 

OJ'PrattvPJy in thP hanck Of tht' 

children a.nd the staff. 

The Extension 

Program 

NEW ORLEANS. Staff member 

Mary Lawrance began her program 1n Aprll with an OFFICERS' 

TRAINING SCHOOL, 120 offic.er8 

o! CIO locals attended t.he !!rst 

meeting. Sixteen different groups 

were taught during the year. Average weekly attendance' was close 

to a hundred. The program has 

increased attendance at union 

meetings, payment o! dues, and 

measurably heightened loyalty to 

the cause of labor. One striking 

result was a gigantic Labor Day 

parade, New Orleans' first In 

many years. 

• •• 

MEMPHIS. The Industrial 

Union Council, chaiN'd by the 

winner of the 1941 Roosevelt a:tudent scholarship, inaugurated an 

WORK CAMP: The Intema- educational program for its aftlltional student service sponsored l&ted _locals. By mid-November 

~-!~r- f.J:...:rth rurr:;tnl'r Wotk Camp seven cla.s.ses were going under the 

R.t Higi~htr1der Sf'\·Pnt..P~·n coli'!ge- 1teadership of Harry Lasker, HFS 

.c:tudents sp2nt July in hard man- staff member. Average attendanet. 

ual labor and intensive study of 

the socl')-ee-cnomic problems of per week: 60. Services rendered to 

th; south. Field trips were made l international unions. 

drew a fine response. 

• • • 

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES 

rendered by staff members included participation In many important pol1tical and' educational con-

• • • 

SQUARE DANCING was t.he 

recreation of a large group of 

Summerfield young folk every Saturday night, January to May, and 

periodically from then on. 

•!erences; visits to local unions, At the CHRISTMAS PARTY 62 

conferences With organizers; re- children of all ages took part in 

search in local labor history. the program worked up by Joan 

Many labor representatives made Payne and her girls' club, and reuse or infonnatlon collected by the eeived gifts contributed by friends 

scbool and used the school as a.n of the school. 

impromptu conference center. 

Community And 

County Program 

The NURSERY SCHOOL was 

thiS year under the direction of 

Joon Payne, of Sarah Lawrence 

college. Seventeen Summerfield 

famutes had children at the school 

at some _time during the season. 

Da.Uy attendance: eight tc fifteen. 

Miss Payne also conducted a number of weekly meetings {or the 

older girls of the community. Total number of families served 1n 

the two programs: twenty-two. 

• • • 

The SUMMERFIELD COOPERATIVE met we~kly throughout the 

year in the homes of U.s memb~r.::. 

Rummage sales were held in Sum· 

merfield, Laager, and Pelham 

Valley; old clothes were contributed by friends of the co-op and 

of Highlander. 

• • • 

HANDCRAFTS. Maria Stenzel 

held classes in wood carving, clay 

modi:!ling, pottery, drawing, dresst!!aking. puppetry. The classes 

were mcstly during the first atx 

months. Average atttndanc:? fo.r 

all clasres: !!fty per w~ek. 

Financial Report' 

Cost or t.hls program, lncJudlng 

maintenance ot plant and teachers, was $13,948.76. INOOME, contrJbuted by a few funds and foundations, local and international 

unions, and may indtviduaJ. contributions was $12,667.52. Deficit: 

$1,281.24. 

••• 

NOTE: This page ts a condensation of the 26-page report which 

the school prepared for its con- tributors. A few copies of the full 

report remain. They may be had 

by addressing a request to the 

OFFICE. 

1942 Schedule 

Special Terms: 

DISTRICT 50, UMWA-Mar. 

30 to AprU 12. 

UAW-CIO school for southem members( date not set). 

ltegular Sessl.:.DJ: 

WRITERS WORKSHOP -

June 15·June 27. 

WORK CAMP or JUNIOR 

UNION CAMP In July. 

BUMMER TERM August 3 

September 13. 

TENTH ANNIVERSARY 

CELEBRATION September 12 

and 13. 
' ' 

. 

l~; --1 ~- I 

( -------- ( ---------- ;o 

( .' '.() . 

·• . . ~. :.: J 

' -

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIO'N 35151 

ORIGINATEDAT KNOXVIIJ.E, TENNESSEE P'ILJ[ NO. l.00-1.876 

MADI: AT 

.3-21-42 

I'U 

HIGHLUIDER FOL.T{ SCHOOL Th'TEP.NAL SECURI'l'I - C 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: Bal tilnore Indices negative ae 

to reported names in Baltimore 

- / 

I REFEP.ENCE: Report of Special Agent 

I

' F.eport of Special Agent 

Report of Special Agent 

-P- ~'iC---

..,f;"Jv 

.. 

'"' f"X- ' . DETAILS: . The reference report of Special Agent.~,· • 

request.ed that the na:nes of persons in the Baltimore ter~c: c 

in the report, be checked against the indices. A search at 't.H~ indice~ · was made wit.!} neo;ative results. · :' :'::. ..,- '""' .S 

."1 r' Lll 
··'" 

Ef~ -

-:~ 

;:..~~--. , (LA, 

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35155 ,, 

100-1678 

Port of Embarkatio~rancisco, Cal.U'onda. InB.8!11UCh as the -

address indicat~s -would not be available tor interview br the 

San Francisco Field Dirlsion, a lead l.o interview 1a not 

being ~et forth in this report. 

- 2-

L 
~-~ 

J' 

-~ ••• ~>:· 

- . -·· 

:·~~:.~~ 

' ~ " 

:.....,;.,s;._ ;_. 

' .. '-'"!"!.. -..: :il '. ~... -

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... 35156 

lOJ-1878 ' 

THE BALTn!ORE FIEID DIVISIC!h 

AT BALTI:.!ORE, ~!LAND 

Till conduct investi£ation to 

ascertain it Mrs• -mN?t.uqEL,' 

'If! th .,Uases :ELIZA~';\ 

Z~.VES, who residee at~· 

the Uadison, 817 to 825 St. 

Paul Street, Baltimore, Kaey'l.and, 

is engaged in any un-American 

activities. 

- 3 ~ 
·-. y .. 

. ~ 

. 

• . ' 

~~~~.-~.; 

c~ 

"'.· ~.-.·.· ',J. 

r-~- :.l 

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(1. 

GINATU> AT KNOXVILLE, TI!NNI!:SSD P'lut NO. 100-705 

"""AT 

;HARlDTTE, II. C • 

' 

HIGHI.&NDER l'OU: SCHOOL 

PERIOD I"'Ot WMICH~ 

INTERNAL ~URITI - C 

~ ~~NOJOSIS OF FACTSo 

-f!'l:_.. 

. -ROO] r< 

Report of Special a,ent~dated December 

30, 1941 at ~~ !dessee. · 

·-·: 

11Il:LcD te:le.P•hoJle nllllll:ier 

Spartanburg, South Carolilla -~~ ed. _, ::..:: 

ed that arter conducting an investigation ~!, 

was determined that the above number was listed ill the 

name or ~ch:j 

is a 8lll&ll mill Tillage on the outskirts or lpart-ilnbiii'a', 

South Carolilla. 

J.s no further investigation remains to be conducted b;r 

the Charlotte Field DiYision the case is being re!err<· 

upon completion to the Office or Origin. 

. .. _ _,_,.__ ,__... 

-.. ------ - -- ---- --- - - . ·- - -. -

-. ... 

• • 

. : 

1 

.. 

: 
4-750 12-7-79) ( ( 

J 

D 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

. FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thP file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated~ explain this deletion. 

Deleted under exemption(s) JJ-7_;}2 __ _ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third part,· with no rdcrcnce to you or the subject of your request. 

0 information pertained only to a thiid paitv. Youi namr is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following govemment agcncy(ies) •~-----------~ 

, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following gt~\\•rnment agency(ies); 

_______ a~, Hw infonnation originated with them. You will 

~>l' athl::;eJ of availabilit_;. upon retum of tl-tl' nJatl•rial to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following r<'aStlT\1,): 

~ 'For your information: ·-~------

~ T~ following number is to bcZuseci for rf'ferencP regarding these pages: 

1:. I - 1} c- J I - Q J\ A ~ I - f _. ' r . f 5L7----"'(---'------L_L___ ------------------------

\\\\ \.'~ 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X x-xxxxxxxxX~x-xxxxX~x 

FBI/DOJ 
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p, 

4 

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H .• - . C; .... . _.,' 

~-.- -~ 

__ ;;~ .. ,. ·; 

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ForLJ No. 1 

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-... .. .. --- .. - __ ..,..... -- -- ------· ----·---------- f I 

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YJJOXVIll£, TEr~IESSEE I_ .. l.r\ LI.-.L.-.Q£ 

Title 

SYNOPSIS OF F;.CTS: 

I 

f 

I 

I 

I 

\ 

REFEiLEI!CE: 

Character of Case 

INTEPJQ SECURITY - C 

Chances in executive coiJJ'.ri. ttcc noted. HORTON 

intorvievmd conrornin;; forr.w.tion of Workors 

:J.liance in Grw1c~· County and or::;:mization of 

.....__ 'Younc Coununists Lc::;;ue in llontcac::t.e, Tennessee. 

~ • ·r ......__ states Cor.JLunist Party in Chatt:moor;a. 

onucrsos HiGhlander Folk School anu counts 

1_.· ~ p on 25% of alurmi b3int: orr;:mizcrs for Coununist 

, ~19 Current ..-G to have 

school usee! as defense trainins center by OCD. 

llo :>vi·~:lnc~ that r.;.~TT LYnCH, ;,oy :L"Y!IOL:JS an::! n 

P .\L'l ~l. CH ... ~ISTOPill:t, :.;O!.lb:::r~ ~f tho Exueutivc V 

Boar:l of Hichlan·!or Fulk School,· ar-. t:anbors 

of the Co=unist Party. 

- p -· /P"''/" 

..-(;' ,_._ 

f Special ;,gent ..... 

. at Knoxville, Tennessee. 

TENN.SSSEE 

school of labor eJucation that the school 

I' , 

elated 

r;;sr.:.ED 

---"-

I -· 

• • 

. ···----··-·----~----~_....---~-~----- . '------------·--

.. 

... 
' 

., 

~ .. . I 

! 

F .. ;. 1 

o:" ~ I • 

' - ~ 

\ 

( • • 

contacts Tiith the heads of all types or labor organizations, Consequently, the nunb~rs of the local labor unions around Grundy Coun~ were cncoura::;ed by hir.l to seck his advice in the or;;anization of :my typ~ of 

union, HOHTON stated that in 1936 his advice about orcanizin;; tllr3 uncnploycd and ':o'P., worbrs of Grundy County was souGht by DOLF v;.uGHN. 

HORTON stated that he ac!Yiscd v;,UGHN that only two unions would be availilblll for the vmrkers, nanely, the Hoc! C=ricrs Union affiliated with tha 

.:.r.1crican Fedarati o:o of Labor, and the llorkers ;.J.liance. HORTON stated 

that in his opinim th·J 1'/crk;rs Alliance would be run autonor.~ously, receivL""lC v~r; little 211.pport fron national headquarters, ~"'ld tl"& o.cti\-'ities 

in T3nnesSGG could t.J diNctcd by the Tenmsscw Council of the CIO frw 

Chattanooca, Tcnnesse-.1, HORTON further advised that at this ti1:1e the 

Hod.Caticrs .Union in th~ Chattanooca area uas under the direct influence 

of TED ::zr.LJ~J_L__stata secret:liy and org.miz.er for the CoLll!lunist Party, 

HORTOll urther advised that the '::orkcrs ;\,lliancc in Grundy County 

flourished until the latter part of 1939, at which tir.le HElUlE!lT BENJ:.LIN 

and D .• VID Li.SSER disclosed to the Dies Co=ittee that the 1forkers Alliance \'Tas doninat~c! by the Conuunist Party, HORTON advised that he 

had a ~rent de~l of explaLninG to Uo, b0th to tho F.xecutive Board of 

th.J Hiclli.'ttnd::>r Folk School and to the local mo:mbCJrs of the r:orkcrs Alliance when this fact was disclosed, HOil.TOil stated that he did not know 

~f the existence of a chapt.Jr of the Younc CoiJ!Junists Leacue in LlonteacleJ 

that he had heard throuGh various persons in the neif1!borhood that C. H. 

KILBY, secreta~J to the :wmac,cr of the Consolidated Coal Ccnpariy at 

Tr:1cy City, Tennessee uas showinr; a n<mbcrship card for the Younc Conr.unists Lea:cue around L:ontcaclc and Tr:1cy City in an effort to connect 

t.'lis orc;anization Tt.i. th the Hi,:hlanC:cr Folk School. HOHTON state:!, hooevor, that at no tine had any r.Jenbcr of the faculty or Executive Board 

of tiu school eithar orcaniwrl or obtained nonberships in the Younc Coonunists Lcacuo, It was HORTON 1 s belief that if such a l8a:cue vrcre start3d =d vr::Jre in existence, it nust·have b:lcn th~ work of TED ,.:ELLJ,;;,N, who 

visitec.l tl13 com1unity frequently fron 1936 until 1939. 

HORTON 11lso l'las asked whether he harl any infornation as to who hall be:m rcsponsible for the placinc of the name 

of OiiLLLJ: LJU.or,-r; as a prGsi:lential elGctor for the Co=.unist Party 

in 1936. It will be noted in reference report that \7ILLI:J.: wJ'..LOViE 

st.atacl that he believed he was rwminc on the Socialist ticket and that 

it v1:>s his recollection that lTIES HORTON had first sugcested puttinG 

his nanc on this ticket as a presid;mtial elector, HORTON, however, 

cl3nied any knowleu£e of th2 fact that l:I,RLOHE 1 s mne had appearccl on 

the tickat and could cive no explanation concerning this fact. 

Throuc;hout the interview ;,G3nt expressed his 

interest in th~ work of the HichlandGr Folk School and l:'YLBS HORTON explaine~ the progran of the school, sho\'Tinc the school plant, civinc a 

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gr~~t dcal of literature which th~ school had printcd, and voluntcared 

to ansner all,)' qu.Jstions l..c:mt J;~ieht c~e tc ask. 

HORTON stated thD.t th3 Ex3cutivc Board of the 

school vro.s to LJeet on January 12, 1942, at which~!<> the following . 

chances woulc! probo.bly b~ made in tha board: ROY .tEYNOLjlS, Ch~ttanooca, · 

:mel GEOnG::!:IrrTLER, forLlcr sacretary of tho Uni )3 J.::ine licrk.Jrs, would be 

C.:ropp3rl ancl poss'ib:..,•JC.::itions would be GlWRGfiL .. W!fE'}, -of- Vanderbilt 

• 

University, HOLLIS i' ;:zrp, l<'lgisl<:.tive chairr.fln of the FY'nen ~nd . 

FRZJ PIEPER, CIO clinctor of New Orleans, . -1------ ~--

En;:,. ocrs of tha Hailrcad Brotherhoods of T.:mnessoo, ROBER HODGE and . 

, 

The i:aTch edition of th~ "HiGhlander Fling" 

t:nJ.ic::ttcs that the ne"ll mobors who were elGctad to th3 board were LE\'iiS 

J;lo:I~.S, Fisk Univcrsity-, ~;crican Federation of T~achers, iUJerican F;reral c j ~n 'of Labor, and F. C. Piill'ER, ilccional CIO l.Jir.:Jetor 1 New Orleans. . . ' . 

;,t this tiDe HORTOll volunteerecl infon:mtion 

concarninc th~ ~ual Thinkscivin: alunni reunion hclcl at the Eichlander 

Folk School, J.:onteaG].e, Tennessee, NovoLlber 27 1941, Y:hich infon;ation 

"':lS raported in raport of Spacic.l ;,cent cnti tbd "Cour~unist 

;.ctiviti;;s in the State of Tcnnosi3oe Folk School)" dated 

,;,.;,~cuJ' 23, 1942 at Knoxville, Tennessee, J.t this tiDe HORTON further 

st1tc:d that the HiGhlander Folk School 'liaS very much interested in the 

· .. <.:.:..:.[ cf union officials and oenbers for responsibilities in local 

situations involvinG the prevention of sabotaee of plant and nine equipc.,~c.t and defense naterials, in production and efficiency nethods, air 

raid defense, and ir.lprovement and t1aintenance of norale. 

EYLL:S HORTOII also shovred the writer a quest 

list of the Hichlander Folk __ _scl~l, at which tiDe it vras noted that the 

nams of TED 1<ZLLJ:All :md Ji~BER tL'll._L~ orcanizers for the Connunist Party 

ut Chattanooga and Birninch~ spcctively, appeared quite frequently •. 

'."":Jn asked about the purpose of their visits HORTON stated that, althout:h 

he kner. these oen to be Connunists, they were well versed in labor probl.Jns and were invited. to give lectures at the Hi&~andcr Folk School 

as long as they nade no nention of Connunisn or tri~d to influence any 

. cc ... ::·" cf the student body to becomC! ueobcrs of the Conuunist Party. 

AT CHATTR.NOOGA, TEil!lESSEE 

ROY c. fu.l!IOLDS, president of the Local Pressr;en•s Union, th~ Ccmtral Labor Union, and ua:ny other labor, liberal, and 

front organizations, advised that he had been a tenporary nenber of the 

SY1cutive Board of tha Highlander Folk School for the year 1940 and part 

cf 1941; that durinc this tine he represented the Hichlander Folk School 

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in a debate bat~een the Grundy County Crusaders and faculty ~e~bers of 

the HiGhl~nder Folk School, vmich was h~ld at Se~ee, Tennessee, 

RZYHOLDS st~tcd th~t at this debate nany accusations 'I'IOre hurled by 

the GrunUy County Crusaders at the Highlander Folk School charging it 

vrith disrupting the uorals of the cel:lDunity rmd being affili.:1ted with 

th~ Coonunist Party, but that none of these charges ~ere specific .:1nd 

that th.,y treN all .:ll'S\7:Jrcd and expl~incd by the faculty wambers, 

REYliOLDS stated tho.·.:. ::.n all his association tri th thu school he could 

find no indic.:1tion of' cith:Jr the policy or the prograo of the school 

bJinG douinatccl b;r ~.n Cor.::1unists. RE"lliOLDS stated, hrn·rever, that h<:l 

believed that the Conr"<Wlists >rould nake ev;:,ry effort to use this school 

tc their adv~ntage, RZl1lOLDS stat~d thnt he had r~signed frOD the Board 

of the Highlander Folk School because h~ ~cs running for the C1~ Council 

in Chatt.:lnooga ancl thnt the Highland.Jr Folk School had received so nuch 

adverse publicity in Ch~tt.:1nooga thnt :my e.ffiliation he night have at 

that s would be detr:i.J.Jental in .:1n election cruopai(;l1. 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file>. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ._t- 1 __})-:_ __ ~----------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

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Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no rpference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agcnc.v(ies) .-------------

---------------~ . wa>./werc forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following gnYPrnment agency(ies); 

__________ as th<" information originated with them. You will 

hr> llrlviserl of availability upon return of till' materinl to th(' FBI. 

PagPis) withheld for the following reasonlsl: 

For your infonnation: 

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AT LONTE.'.GLE, TEJ:!ESSEE 

tlllst~ted that a larce nuubcr of snall uenonina.tion noncy orclc;rs vrcre r::.ccived by thCJ Highlander Folk School, 

J:.l::!:S DOL:B:tO'.:-SKI, unJ LYLES HORTON; that these noney orders =re or<):Cltltly cashed, It is b:Jli~ved that since the HiGhlander Folk School 

•••• r.,vc:lls th~t the vast uajori ty of 

thJ cash obtained fron these ooney orders is 

b.Y :.YLES HORTON am! JlJZS DOI:Br:OCTSKI, 

On January 5, 1942 • ms advised that nuuerous 

post office uonay orders for various atlounts w;,rc received by secretaries 

of the Cor..LJunist Party fror1 ;,, L:JIDY and ZLIZABET.H GUHLZY FLYN1/ CoLJnunist 

Party functionaries, post office box 87, the 

kncvm address of the COJc.nunist 

.la'""e'r part of February, 

n_c,~n.Larl'l>=· r Folk School distribute!d appNXirlately 1,200 copies of thii! 

rarch issue of thc"Hichlander Flin[;", two copies of Vlhich were furnished 

to ;,cent, -stated that these publications cana fret! tha DuBoise Pub1 i f>hinc Con~.Printers & Publishers, 1620 Third ;,.venue, North Bi.min;:;-

h"~. t,labu:Cla. also furnishad AG3nt with a nincor:;raphed she<rl sent 

to about 400 persons entitl3d 11Fror.: letters to officials and Labor AJ.-

vise>ry Cor.mittee of Office of Civilian Dcfanse supportinc the proposal 

th::~t HIGHLJDZH BE USED ;,s i-. SOUTHZHN DEFENSE TH.',INI!IG CBNTER FOR UNIOII 

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LEJ.JlEllS." Sine~ the Knoxville Field Division has only one copy of 

this publication, it is bcinc incorporated in this rcport in fullt 

"Th~ exccutivG board of tho TcnnGSSGc State Industrial Union 

Council endorsed the proposal of the HirJilandcr Folk School 

to the Office of Civilian !lGfcnse." -

Paul H. Christopher, Executive Secretary-Treasurer 

Tonn"lSSoc· Ir··,ustrial Union Council. 

"The organize:: r.osiary wcrbrs of th3 South, affiliated Tlith 

thCJ Tcxtil::; ~·;o:::-kars Union of ;,u::lric:J. anc' the CIO, earnestly 

urg:J the OfficJ of Civilia:J Defense to utilize tho facilities 

of th= Hichlancler Jo'olk School as a ucf~ns~ trainin,; canter for 

svuth3m unior. L,ar.LbJrs." 

EC.:vrard F 1 Calhchan, 2nu Vice Prr;sj_dent and Southern 

Director, iJJGrican Federation of Hosiery \"/orbrs. 

11 1 have been v"ry nuch intar:::sted in the proposal that the OCD 

nake USG of the Hichlandcr Folk School as a traininc center." 

J=-cs B. Caray, SecrGt~.r 

CIO. 

"Pornit no siiJply to urce that OCD establish a defense traininc 

center for southern labor at the HiGhlander Folk School, wontecalc, T:::nn:::ssoo. I an nuch ir.prossed with the sincerity and 

the! intc,;rity of tho p~opb in charCtl of the school and l'lith 

the fina pro::;rar.: which th8y have worked out for labor's participation in the South." 

S. H. ~al~la, Pr~sident, 

Uni tee! IU1bbcr ;"[orkars of /.mQrica. 

•r:re w:>uld like to ~ndorsc this pro(,TaTJ since it uoulC. help <Jarshal labor's support for tho ;rcrk of civilian clef;mse, ancl would 

b.:J of valuo in cnlistinc th·3 physical and !.;ental an~r;:y of workers in thJ d~fonsc effort." 

Uoyd H. :Javis and Lillian Yac:on (fornor stud<!nts), T:iOC 

loc:ll #2, Louisville, K3ntucky. 

l.cmt on ncorC Feb. 6th, 1941 npprovin.: lli;:hlam!or o.s o. southern 

cantor for tr:1inin~ 11 leacbrs in the labor union r.;ovcr..ont into 

tho rij"lt sort :;,f cooperative attitu:.!J tm10.rds th-3 war procrau. 

~;a o.r~ wri tine to ask tha.t you use your power to Give this 

school an opportunity to c!o this service." 

Lrs. Gracz Dincu_id, H3cordinc Secretary 

Bo~t and Shoe ::orkCJrs locul union #441 LYnchbur~, Vircinia. 

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"Or;::::tnizcd hosiery workers of Hit;h Point, N.C. and vicinity ••• 

approve and endorse the proposal that Hichlancler Folk School 

be used for th~ purpose of establishinc a defcnsa traininG 

contBr for southGrn Q~ion n~nbors and union l~ad~rse" 

Francis B. Ertel, Repres~ntative, 

:.nGric:m Fed-:;rc.tion of llosbry Tlorkcrs 

Hich Point, ;1.c. 

"I think it ncu2.d ba fine if the Hichlander Folk School could 

b:; utilized in tln way you succcst." 

Ralph Hetzel, Dir:;ctor Econonic Division 

CIO. 

11Hichlancler Fvlk School has applied tc your board for an opportW1ity to ai~ in th:; c!:;f.msc procrar:L.. I have attended 

this sehoul and wish h~r()by to ~x;or.;ss 1.;y cor..;.,ondation of thCJir 

ucthods; .mel r;y c~nfidznce that any part you Vloulrl give Hichln.n~~r lookir1c towarD!=: OP~isti..11C th3 full coopern:tion of 

orc:J.nizeu l:J.bor in these tines of p.;ril vrill w faithfully and 

ably carried out." 

Thcll;a HW1tcr (fOITJ·Jr Hichlancl-Jr stud<Jnt) 

Boot and Shoe :iorkcrs, Local t¥441 

Lynchburc, Vu.. 

"~ t.nink thct this constitut~s o. nest sourul and constructive 

;olan ant! that its success should contribut-:.l IJuch towards our 

n.1.tion' s cl-Jf3nsc efforts." 

John L. L.;vris, Prosidont 

Uni tee! LinJ ~torkcrs of ;u..~ric~. 

'".;" take pla:~surc in endorsinG the Hichland"r Folk School of 

L.ontuacL;, Tcnn.JSS:Je, as a cl~f.JnS3 trainin: c.Jnt3r for southern 

union r!~ub.Jrs. n 

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1iillim !.itch, Suuth0rn Director, S'JOC, Pres. Dist. 23, Ul."llA 

YelvJrtun Cowher<.:, Hocion.:~l CIO Diroctor 

111 or. rof.;rrinc your l:ltt~r to l:r. John Brophy ••• a rJoob-Jr of 

<.l,.o Labor ;~clvisory CorJT.litt~o of tho Office of Civilian :.ofonsc, 

f0r his uttention and consi'lorc.tion." 

Philip Lurrcy, Presirbnt 

CIO 

nit has bcGn broucht to th~ :~ttantion of tho !leVI Orloans Industrinl Union Council, cc;npos;,c! of soc;, 38 loc:ll unions, roprosJntin::; a r.:Jr.lb3rship of son.a 25,000 that tho Hi;::hlan<lc.r Folk 

Schcol has Li5cl3 a proposJ.l to off:.Jr its faciliti.;s as a train:L."'lC 

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c~nt~r for trade union people in Civilian Defense work, •• lie 

f;,el that it Tmuld be to the advantacc of the Office of Civilian 

D~fans~ to avail itself of this opportmity offered by HiGhlander," 

New Orleans Industrial Union Council 

T. A. Russell, Chai=n 

"·' civilian d!lf~n~o cJnter at Hichlandcr would be of creat value, 

not only for ~1~ union n~nbers but for the workinc people in 

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Tolesforo Oviedo, Secretary 

Spinach \"iorkJrs Union, Local #87, UC.J'i.lfA, CIO 

1 .• e< this, TJxas. 

"The local union express.xl wholel-hcart->·l approval of the procrn.r: outlinct!.i• o..nc2 rcquJstct!. iithat a. d:-:fcnse tr.:J.ininc ccn~r 

for southern union uor.lbcrs be cst.:blishccl e<t Hit;hlander" by 

-·- OCD. 

!:clissa PoarcG, Recordinc Sccr:!tary .. 

T3xtila '\'fcrbrs Union of i>D.Jrica, Local #452 

Janville, Vircinia. 

"I have discussed this plan vJi th various representative {;I'oups 

e<n~ it is our opinion that this plan providas an unusual opp.crt.unity to utilize leaders in the trade union novenant to 

th3 fullC>st extent, in the inportant work of Civilian D::fensc,·" 

F. c. Pioper, Racional Director CIO 

N::ow Orleans, ~. 

"I shall discuss this oatter Tiith l:r. fiatt and Lr. Brophy at 

1.'-:c first opportunity, n 

J. a. Stcclr~, Director· 

U.S. Conciliation Service. 

"I think your succestion nade to l".r. JaiJes Landis for the trainin:; of union r.1sr.:bcrs in the prevention of sabotac:e, inproveuent 

of noral-J, and r.ethocls of incraasin~ production, is a very constructiv-J one and I hope it can be carried out." 

Jorry Voorhis, Concressuan. 

Other publications obtained were a report o! 

tL c::etinc; of thG ZXccutiv::J CcJ:lT.littec of the Hichland::Jr Folk School 

c~ ,T·nn:J.ry 11, 1942 and an announcen:mt of the t::lnth anniversary to 

"' "·'·' 'lt J:ontca:;le on Scptcubar 12 and 13, 1942. This announcene.nt 

sbt8d that individuals can help by enrollin::; "friends of Hichlanuor" 

:m,l raisinc uonC)y for tha alur.mi fum!; for nanbership cards writc 

E;~.iC:IC: SCHLDT, alurmi secNtary, s~lurmi :,ssociation, 429 Russell 

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The report of th~ Executive Caccittee has been 

sur.=riz;Jd and furnished to the Bureau in letter dated January 28, 1942 

at Knoxville, Tennessee. Copies of the Carch issue of the 11Hichlander 

Flir•G" have alrea<ly b-;en furnished to the Bureau. Howsver, for the 

benefit of the other Field Divisions, the stateocnt of the purpose, 

proc;ran, anr! poli-::y •1f the school is bcinc set forth, as well as the 

1942 schedule of the ~c~ocl: 

11Statenrmt of Purpose, Procrau, and Policy" 

The purpose of the Hichlander Folk School is to assist 

in the defense and expansion of poli ti.c:ol and ccononic democracy. 

Since unions are basic to the achicvanent of denocracy, 

th3 strencthening of unions throuGh education is the school's 

pr:in:lry task. 

The proc;ram is deternined qy the n3eds and policies of 

the unions from which the studbnts arc sont and with which the 

school works. These needs arc servoG throujh resident classes, 

ccnf~rcnc8s, ~xtl3nsion work, and rccr3ational activities. 

In tho cotltlunity in which it is located thu school functions as a rural settlement bouse, providinG social, educational, and recreational servicJs. 

The school: s influoneo is scuthwii.le; its procrau trai.i1s 

southern rural anr! in•:ustrial leaders for a rlenocratic society. 

Th·J school is cooperatively owne•l and. nanace<! by the teachinc staff. It is affiliater! with no croup or orcanization. Its 

policies are wholly ~etcrninu~ qy an executive council conposcd 

of outstan·..!inc southern labor leadt!rs, euucators an<! ~aenbcrs of 

the staff. 

FLnancial support of ~he school cones fron en~11 contributions by frien•!s an·! ncnbers of the labor noveoent throuGhout 

the country." 

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"1942 Schedule 

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Special Terns: 

:Jistrict 5o, m:r;;, - Jar, 30 to ;.pril 12. 

u,:·i-CIO school for southern ucobers (date not set), 

H3c,'Ular Sessions 1 

',iribrs 1u·kshop - Juno 15 - Jun;, 27. 

•.:crk CD.:c.n r-r .'unior Union Ca:.1p in July. 

Su;.u.1~r T.:r: .. , ,,u_:ust 3 - s_,ptcnb~r 13. 

Tenth .~,n~v·,rsary Cclsbration - S:Jpt::•·lb:Jr 12 and 13." 

It Yras also not<:l'l that i."l thJ alur:mi not"e is a stateJ:Jsnt "Bob Hall 

... 

is an official of 'Lho .~. F, of L, Builc!i.-1~ l'l·a.C:"s Council of Lexin;:;ton, 

K2ntucey , 11 It is b"licn·.' that th·J BOb :L.L:. I:l<:mtioned is possibly 

id.:mtical with lWB,;ia R~U, sccr3t.:~r.r of th.:> Ccnnunist Party at Birninchau, i>lab:Jea 

It Tlill b~ note<! froo Knoxvilb httJr datec.l 

iJcc8r..b"r 30, 1941 that the Bureau was advisorl that- was usinc the 

nauc uf the FoC.eral Bureau of Innstication in speeches as vwrkinC vlith 

hin as corroboratinc ths evidenc:: obtained by the Grundy County Crusaders. 

the Folk was Coni·7illi'1istic a.ncl that iJ1 viow of 

it was felt that any further asscciaanc! that, thor:3forc, no furthar 

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contact woulc.! be .cad~ -with hin in the investic;ati<>n of the Hi~er 

Folk School, 

In vi~w of the fact ~f the extensive invcstication conclucb<l 'J" Sv cial :.cent - in th.) vi~onteacle concernin::; t~.: c;hi:-ty-two ai'fidrvl·~s cbt.::inod by- and 

in vi~vr of the fa~'<· that it is i.c;_:lossitlc t0 conduct an investication 

in t:onteac;lc and I':rac;r City, Temussee ·:-:i_thout th·J knowleclce of this 

inv~stication bc:!.n::; brouj1t to th; atten'~i 'J'' lf both and 

the Ui.c.!evclopeC. l.3ads set 01.1.t ~r~ r:1fcr.;nce report for the 

Kn?xville Field :Jivis::.on at I:ontcacJ.~ a;,c' ·;':'.:-."'- City are not wine 

covered at this tine. 

It was noted in tha annual r-3port oi tm Richlander Folk School for the year o:f 1941 that llss LOUISE CONKLING had 

t~rriocl a:fter a year's service at the Hicnlandcr Folk School and had 

bft th~ school in October, 1941; that sh~ narriecl DUR\Yi..RD licDANIEL, 

a student cf tha Iiriters To'oz·kshop and SUI:ll:ler tcrl:l, 15141, and a law student of the University of Oklaho=; that l.r. licDA!IIEL has been na.ced as 

s~cr~tary at Hichland2r and will assu.cc his duties in Februar,y, 1942, 

station 1'/i:J,;::J, at Chattanooca, 

that station contain no infcruation concerninc; the thirty-ninute radio 

broadcast to En::;land .caclc by the Hichlandcr Folk School in the vlinter 

of 1941, but that sha rotJenbers this broadcast as boinc a thirty-.cinutc 

sustaininc procrar.1 broadcast under the direction of the Colunbia Broad. 

castine Syst~n throujb Colu.cbia station TIBT at Charlotte, North Carolina; 

• ': :: sh·o reDoT.Jbcrs this broadcast as cons is tine of folk son;:s and talks 

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b,y mountaineers in th~ vicini~ of ~ontcacle, 

stated that she is certain that the br~dcast 

an un-Anerican or subversivCl nature; that 

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bill Broatlcastinc Systen at 485 J.:adison ..\venue, New York Ci ~, 

furnish fuller infornation about the sponsors of this pro~ac. 

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;;..ur. n.J CJiitiST0FHZil~ :.:xccutiv::> secretary or 

thCl TClnnessec Im~c;~i c-'-~-1 Un:O.~n clouncil :md f~i:i~cr. of the Executive 

Conr.Jittec of tm ~iichl.~mler Fcl~ School, has nev.lr been rcportccl by 

any of the confJ.d:m'.;J al Jnfomants of tr ..l Knorlillc FiCJlcl Division to 

be affiliated with cr ll :~ )j:lbc:- of the Conr.\L"list Party • The files o! 

~·~ C8nCG!'ni.nf3 his invcstlcation o.:: V1c HiGhlander Folk School 

have been photo(.;r,.phed, ;,s L"lf'ornn.tion coTJta~.n:?cl therein will be retainCld as an aY.hib:!.t in this case, it is !x>:~.i~·:ed tL"lllccessary to set 

out this infornation in a report, ;..s t;.' f> ::-cv-rt is not boinc turnishClcl to all Field Offices, tho uncov -'r.Jd ;.J:..l.:.-vd'>ped leads set out 

in reference report arc not bc4T'c res tau·'. 

-PENDING-

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-. - UNJEV"uOPED LEJWS: 

THE BIRHWGH/J; FIEI.D DIVISION: 

At Biminj1D.D1 .Uabru:J.a, vlill at the DuBoiJia · 

Publishinc Cm:tpa'lY, Pr-int<.Jrs & Pu;:,ii shu:-s 7"1<::215 North 3rc! j,vcnue, 

obto.in all nvc.Ea:11" pu':::l1 cations print,,;, for ·~h.:J llichlandcr Folk 

School nakinc a :'aiti·~ul::.r effort to o't:t.ain back issues of th3 publication. knm·.71 a~ 1-hc ··uij11andcr Flir.: 1. :.ny copies obtained should 

be forwarck<l to th•; K"\c.xvillc Field Div:.sion, llhGrc the infonaation 

nJil be noted, bcfo:-~ bdnc sc.nt to the> Burcau. 

THE LOUISVILLE F:J.ELJ :JIV!SION: 

:..t Lcxir~ton, ;;.,nt.··c<• .• will ascertain whctber 

BOB n;>.LL, 1.:entioncd in t':lc G.rch ISSU.F ~,;r ':1,'(. C'ni.;:hlandcr Flinc" as an 

official of the it., F. of L. BuL.dinc ::Ta·lcz CJuncil at Lcxincton, is 

identical with ROBERT Hi•LL, sccretar-~ of the Cowmunist Party at B~~ghan, 

THE KNOXVILLE FIEIJ; DIVISION: 

• 

, 

J,t I.:ontcacle, Tennessee, will rccontactconccrnin:; future activiti3SOI' th·3 Hichlandcr Folk .School and obtain 

any furthcr publications of th<J Hichlandar Folk School which he cay ha.v·~ in his possession, 

~?P 

,·, t Sewanell, Te:me ssee, will rccontact 

concernin:::; fururc activitics of thG fllcn.lanc'.er Folk School., 

At Ch~tt~~cor~ TorJ13ssco, nill racontact 

concGrninc any future activities of tl'ii31lichlandi3r Folk School. 

.. 14-

..#'!}) 

j 

I 
--(. ------------

1 ~· • 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

l'brmlfo.l 

THIS CASE OftiGINATKD AT 

Rm"OR't III.Aa. AT 

Springriel~ Illinois 

Kno:nUle, Texmeuee 

'-28-42 ---

WHICHMADK 

S-18-42 

' · .. ~' 

. ..., ..... . -~:. 

UITERIW.' SECuBift • C • · •· . , 

SYNOPSISOI' I'ACTW• A check or the indices or the I>Dlnn•-rt 

reflect any information regarding 

R U C 

... ' . 

REFERENCEs 

..f!.., c.---- . ' 

Report of Special Agent--· L Knoxville, Tennenee, dated 

DETAILSt 

December 30, 1941. • . .. !!_ SPRINGFIELD, ILLIBOISt 

A check of the indicea of the SpJ·in1~ield 

reveal any information relative to 

Illinois. 

~- .. 

or Peoria. 

. ::.- ·. . .'·· .,. --~ .. 

. •

2 Springfield 

.... ---- ~ .... ____ ----· 

•·" ~ ... ----- -· - --~·· ... ~-·-- .... --.--.. --.. ~-F·--..-.--~-_,_ ____ 0--

... - --· - ----~- --· ....... ' 

' j 

'' 

I· 
.... ".-~ ~ f_·_;.·; --·· 

~ I 

'· ,, ' -.. : 

. 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form. No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATKD AT 

BIRMING!WL, ALA. 

Tm..o· 

DATIEWHIEN MA- Pmi:IODP'Oft • 

WHICH~.~...,_· 

5/4/42. 4/?,14,17/42 

l OmGHLANDEa . FOLK SCH~ ·\ -,. : .. 

SYNOr.IS OF FACTS: 

-<; 7C-

'--'.· 7 p 

~ ' ·' 

tnat. 

that some activitiu ot the prob&bl7 been aieconetrued ae COJIIIIIWiietic and that poellibl7 some ~$ ite leaders M7 

have gone too far. .U110 advised that JliCHARD~,' former German 

Youth leader, ceme to the United StAtee after -Hitler hie 

cooperative in and at 

' .- f, 

- Report of Special Agent 

Report of Special Agent 

The following investigation was C?PJild~lct,sd 

it being noted that an..eaa 

MAY 6 

....... ~ ....... - - -----·---- -..-----~--- -.--- ---~----- ---~--------- -.. - --

. ' -·--· --- ··.·-· --·- ·--~ ' -.. 

.,. ' 
4--750 \2-7-79! (' 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~ 7 c ·, A-1 12 

material available for release to you. 7 

with no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

~ 0'-": .. ent(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagfds) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

---------------as the information originated with them. You will 

l,r advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

·u..l!,_ ·.\.~LiJd:.! for the following reason(s): 

r _)] ) uur infonnation: 

[~The.· following n\lll!ber is to ~used for reference re~ing these pages: 

.LJ -1 !> u- Yy f' ~ J 3 

vv'\·•.· ... :·~ 

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jt NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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Refex:ence 18 .ae to the lead eet out. 1n the rePo.t t Ot Spild.al. ·ljiat · 

•••••dated April l, 1942, Knax:rllle, Tenn., eettiDg out a: lea4 tD attsapt. -~ ~ 

eecuril literature printed for .the Highlander Folk School, eepilc1all1' . . · copie~ ·.,, '

5

· 

of tbe Hi8hlander ning •... '>" ' .:. ·-- _,i<' .. ' ··· ... ~; .. 1-K< ......... ~ ·;.i. . , '';-'• ' ' '.r. ; " ~.;_- .<-..., ' 

who bae bean contacted 1n thie •'t.te1r Pl~ft101li8l.'lr • 

.er1rie1•ed on 17, 1942, at which tm be again adrleed he bad llO. ·~,:!''· 

copies of the Highlander Flin& or other Highland Folk ::ichool literature anilable'•: > 

at his printing establishment. added that be still prints the Highlander·: ''~ 

Fling, which is a l!lll8ll four page paper similar to yarioua high echool papers. · "· 

which he prints !or ec:hools in Bil!llingh&a~, Ala. stated, ~eve,v that the .· · 

Highlander Fling is not publlahed regularq;' · i • , ' , . ·' • ; · ~-· ~ . 

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\ i . ~ 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF IN GATION 

Porm.No.l 

THIS CASE OftiGINA'I'WD AT 

-VIRGINIA 

. OHIGHLANDER POU.: sal OOL lli'l'ERNAL SBCURIT! 

SYNOPSIS OP' FACTS: 

/ 

- aro- tzv 

Report o! Special .agent. • at 

Nor!olk, Virginia, dated FebruarJ 28, 1942. / 

t;;;,..,..l \ · RET~NCE: 

'":"; '· ."":'' -_ "· : ~ -, -.I 

f~~~·~ 

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c.:> "' 

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= 
4-750 (2-7-7~! C' (' 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

,./,,,,..., wmm •••• ,,00,,, .J /; J-7 Cj J. 713 .J. 7 E ... 00 ........ material available for release to yo 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

!l Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

!...........J I.Jl)l..:ument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

,_, 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagp(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

______________ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

;.'age\~-~ wiLitheiO for the following reason(s): 

,1- ur ) our infonnation: 

r£ Tr fyllowi~ number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

()_f_:-:u'611 - r Cj J f, ~:) ~ 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE(Sl ~ 

)t NO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

1"'81/DOJ 
--"- -------~ "-~-----~--· ~ffi" __ ........ ....;..;--l·('l~·-·"'-' -~--.-~ ....... -

• Director 

cf: o ~. 

Jl.rbrral 8ur.rau of lno.r•tigation 

Jlnit.rb lJtat.r• B.rpartm.rnt of Ju•tir.r 

914 Jolmston Building 

Charlotte, North Carolina 

Uay 26, 1942 -

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: 

0 " 

Re: HIG!!LAliD;o:R R>LK SCHOOL 

INTE'i!IAL S:&:URITY - C 

- " 

. " 

., " 

"•' 

. It is noted that this case was referred upon completion 

to the office of origin by the report of .Special Agent- " 

..... dated at Charlotte, North Carolina, March 25, 1942. 

It ap/ears that an undeveloped'lead at Chapel Hill, North 

Carolina, at that time had not been covered and consequently " 

this case is being reopened for investigative attention. 

~cl 

~705 

cc Knoxville 

Very "truly yours 1 

c~~ E:J.1ARD SCHEIDT /JSpecial Agent in Charge 

' . 

'•' 

I' 

"' 
• ----- 1 .. . 

'# 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

.wm.!l'o.l 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT DOXVILLE. !Biilil!SSBB 

SA. T.&JIN.&H0 GEORGU 

SYNO~IS OF P'AC'n: 

rJ"./ 

REFERENCE a 

DET.UIBa · 

e 

< . . 

'' 

AT COLOUBIA. SOUTH CAROLIU 

I'IU:-

. -... -.. ~ . ·., " ' - . - -

rifmnw. Sllmllift ~ . 

... -

\ 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted ~nder exemption(s) .i? t j -t 7 J/; ~ 'J C 

material available for release to you. 

with no segregable 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

=:J lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L..J L'ocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

;_] 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

-----------------as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be- arlvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

1-'age\sl withheld for the following reason(s): 

.For your infonnation: 

T)e following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

C£·1 -'JSJJ- I 0 I ~. ~;J ..3 

) ' 

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~ DELETED PAGE(S) I 

jtNO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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P'BI/OOJ 
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q I ·:-:-y.;..::_: J ~ \ 

1.{f:A~,~~ 

f'p 8f#! v~ 

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-- ,· 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

....wn-...-AT .. ''-· . ~· ... .. :..-.. ~. · . ..: 

--

'1'1R.&./. -~- ·~ . ,. . : -· ·~~~?;·,.-;. 

IJ BIGHi.ANDE:R FOLK SCHOOL . ; ... ~~-;: . • .. 

SYNOPSIS OP P'AC'J'S: 

REl'ERENCEr - Report of Special .Agent 

December 30, l94l. 

- ,__ 

•' 

!' 

I' 
4-750 (2-7-79) (' (' 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted ~nder exemption(s) ~"'"Jo..."---2?~C-=~~,___..:.,!=._'--'?._.J?~------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

i....J Vocurnent<sJ originating with the following government agency(ies) 

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

X XXX XX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

----------------as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

l"age(b) v.ithheld tor the following reason(s): 

for your infonnation: 

xxxxxxxxx:xxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE<Sl I 

j{ NO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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P'Bl/DO.J 
.. ('' -- ' -·- t "-l . . .. -- ' )-- ( f 0 \ 

/ 1 _OJ ..... U'\L BUREAU oF INVE_,~ .... , 'noN 

No. 1 rut\...,.,. T ,. mJiiNBSSBB CASEOJIItiGINA'TEDAT AR\I.A..-~, 

-. . ·-: .. -t • 

-.,.: :' .·~_s; DORT"-"ADCAT DATRWH&NIIIADE NltiODP'OR rf't.!f / DE'l'ROI'I', KICHIG.&ll 6/17/42 ,ji7.,..28/42 

-------

• 

' 

-- -

' ' 

1(:) HIGHLANDER FOL1t SCHOOL 

• .. - _,. ~ _· .. - .. · .1'· ·-_ ~ -·~ : 

CHA~IfT~aF--. ~-;~-~~? :~~~< -~:-T; .:_~~ _· ·:. ~ 

IRTEIUW. SBCUJI.I'I'I ..;, ~ - • : t • -. -

' ' 

~ 

:·:. 

~ .. -i -· 1 

"""'_:_· -_-_,. -_--

~, . 

~:-~ . 

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SYNOPSIS OF FACT'S: 

~"' APil 25 1961 

; - • 

. ·:"- ..... - ...... ---i ---'-'--··-· .. 

. _ .. _____ ,__, 

. ~ .:. .... 

- ~'}-I" ;,. ~- ~­

·-·-~ ~: 

•J 

• 
.. ,•" 

(Detroit tile lQ0-2573) 

-· .... 

. " .-·. -· .. _·._, 

·s . ~,. 

DOt ~ eD01Igh 

10noora was DO llltiU'e in the 111:lrk. · 

eel. to 

her to etq at the 

- -

· ---belined the school was wooierlul alld ll.Jted it 

t.h,.n v~ry IIWCh ~ opin1011 that the school wu -rerr rare.· According 

toet•llliliiithe teachers at the school wre nry well educated but the students 

wne the cbild.ren of union ~ers from the factories in the south who were. 

ta~t courses on how to train factory workers in unionism, the courses taught 

being Labor StudT, Labor Economics, and Uni011 Orga.niziag. The echoal 1e . - supported largel.T b7 contributions trCIII illdirlduale rather than bT contributi011s 

from labor organiH.t:tons; one at tbe contributors being FBUTt.Iii D. it.CXiJ.B:VELf 

who each nar COlltributad $1.00.00. . _. ...... _, -,·. _-··: : '.,-~.··.+-, ·.·-~,._· " • . - -- - . ----~ -,: -., . 

•••• teele that Bbe wu DOt weli aCiapted to the tn- " 

of work which ehe had to do at the school although ehe felt that she had l'eceiTed considerable experience trora the poeiti011. According to a 

group ot Gl"Ulldy County crusaders haYe athmpted to 'brand the school u 

Con!ncrrl.stie, the President ot this group 'beiD8 the President ot the bank at 

Tracy Cit;r, '!'cnneesee. lTo colored etudente are allowed in the schoQl aa the . · 

~ .... - . 

communit7 :-'..J..l not permit thea 'tto attend._., · --~ .. ~~- . .. _:::-~- ·-r 

· . ~ Acco:rdiD8 to the schoQl wu original.lJ" loUDded 

b;r a .llrei:""JOHNSON, a to:naer school teacher whose home was 1n Tennessee. 

stated Jfre • .JOHNSON founded the school for the purpose ot promoti11g conditiou 

favorable to farm people; that lor 111011t ot the ;rear the achool cSirecte ita 

activities towards assisting the community folk; and that in addition to this the 

echc-ol has two eeesioll8 of about one month each, one in the spring and one ill 

the fall. .lt these eessione there are approximatel.T 30 students who are taught 

- 2-

- ., ,~,, ·-.-~------·---·----·---- .. "" . -~-~,--,.,._. ~- ~ "'_'" 
• ,;._. ·' --! 

• ~~- .f 

.::..~~"'-c.,,""'~ 

.. , __ ;_- I 

(', 

 . C· .... 

(Detroit file lQ0-2573) 

Unionism along the liDee prnloul7 aenti01111d, there be1Dg both llal.e aDd f'Male 

etudente. The male atudente eta,r in one cabin aDd the feuale etudente llt.q 

1_ 

in another cabin. The school ord1mr117 refuses northern students p it was 

organized for the purpose of usuting the people ia the 80uth. ; ~ ··t ... >''' .-: ,..f'" " . . .- . . .. • ·__ - ~· ~' ~..-.· -·-~-~ .. --~.-~-•1"''-- _. 

. . !he 80CiellUe of ~he echool, accordiDg to~. 

consiete largel7 of Saturdq night square dances which are attea!~s ·- of the student body aDd persons ill the comnnu,.. adrlaes that ... 

ie not union-minded herself but that the acbool. 1a progresdn 1n the labor 

IIOTement bu.t certaiul7 not (!ammnn1st1c. She adTised that the recorda of tbe 

acbool. are open for inepection to &nJODI at •DT time. 'ftde lnhnln wu DODducted Wider a pretext eo that woW.d not be adTised of the JlllJ.pOie . of its inTestlgation. - - · 

. - • . . i . -· .. ~. 

- REFERRED UPON COYPLE'l'ION TO mE OFFICE OF ORIGDI .,. > -: ( ' ' . ~-- "•'' . ~ 

... _--...--_.:·;,_. ,_ 

------~' _:_ .• _i- .... _ •• 

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CQJ '· 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

PonD. No.1 

THISCASEORIGINATEDAT I.NCJIV'DZE, .. mNNESSIZ 

R.oM'..,._AT DAftWHIEN ....._ PattoDPOit 

H!Jf HAVEN, COWECTICUT 6f'J0/42 -SA'6f42 · --~C-- CHAJtAeTI1I CJIP CA.a ' . ... . ' . TnUEO . _..._. 

HIGHlANDER FClLJ SCBOCI. .•.·- . . . .... • ..... -_, 

SYNOPSIS OF F'AC'I"B: ·. ~- .__• .. , '. . --

Il!!erence: 

Details a 

-------

-JWCReport of' Special i.gent ---· dated Knanill.e, t-nnassee, December .301 l94lo , . 

This case 18 being CCII!lBidered ref'erred upon canpletion to the orn.ce 

of' origin. 

JliFl!:RR!CD UFON CCia'LE'l'ION TO CFFICE (B <JUGDT 

··--..,.-- ,___. - --- ---.. ...... ___ ~ ..... - ~- ~ --- ... -~-- -- --~- -

. ·--·.-- -----" 
·-.. c~v,U. "- -- - ,_ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Jl'brm.No.l 

THIS CARORIQINA"I"'EDAT KNOXVILLE, TE!-.1/!::SSEE ....... NO. 100...,3318 . 

· • ~ R.OftTMADI:A'f DAftWHe\1 MAte NRIODP'OII 

WHICHMAa. 

GRAND RAPIDS, l!ICHIGAN. · 6/ll,2D,25/4J. 

INTERNAL SECURITf - R 

~- .. ~ -~~ .• - ~· €:-~ 

- ~, : ·.. .. . ~ : .. · 

Ys c :.. . . ~. - SYNOPSISOP'FACTS:Subject. ' 1 ,. •1!1 resided at -: 

. . ... :c:;~~~:cf!!•,ll9l40 .. o~F•ell!b~ru.l!lar:r~il'., .. ,,,, <· ~ .. :'., .. Persons interviewed advised .A~·,, C, 

•.. 

that subject is a la,yal American citizen. -v 

No Communist tendencies. Uembership in . 

Highlander Folk School unknown. Subject 

presently residing at ....... .. 

: . .- ·.' 

- RUC-

.. ·cti ~1Jt,\ ... , J 

Report of Special Agent / {?~ - · · .... 

December 30, 1941 at Knoxville, Tennessee. 

... 

_ .. _. ·-· -~ . All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IFIED DATr.,..o!J~~ 

:942 t2 l111942 

............... -- f-IDI4 

___ ,'i.S Ai'R_ ~~ l~~----· ----···-·--·~~-...,..,--.~ ----·- __ _ 
4-750 (2-7-79) (' 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxx:xxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~~eleted ~nder exemption(s) ___,fi"--''--'-?_C_-;j __ ..t. __ ,.._?-'--.. P=-------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

D 

CJ 

Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

uucument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

---------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

he advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

, "'"") withheld for the following reason(s): 

.Fur your infonnation: 

ro1' 1''1 following number is to be used for reference ';liarding ~es: n I - 'JS"II -1 o s:= . .,o . Ql.. -.!:! . . / v 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

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55 AUG 51942. 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

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DETAILS: This report refleets information received tram 

-n'h1 -1: -a+.;--~ _..,.._..,...; ~,...,..1: ""-- 4-\...- U.C ..\.."' ... -~-- '1:'1_,1. )-J~\oi ... '-'Go"".LV.l.lQ .a. CVt:>.LV~U. .L"- VW W.lU n.&.e:;,.a.l.LCLl.l.U.C:.A I:V~ 

School; and information obtained tram MYLES HORTON, 

Di:r:>~tor of the School. The following topics will be covered: Activities 

of the rrashington Committee of the Highlander Folk School; Highlander Folk 

Scb.Jl and the Southern Conference for Human Welfare; f:j ghlander Folk School 

pa::-t ,_cipation in the Tennessee State CIO Convention; Report of t.he New . 

0!'!. ms Extension Program made by Jli\RY~WRANCE, Exte::sion Director for the Hi~~landcr Folk School; New staff membe s of the Highlander Folk School; 

Xcrr."crs of the School's Executive Cou:1ci ; Past and con~emplated school 

activities. There is also included a brief statement concerning RICILUID 

GOTHE, former member of the Highlander Folk School staff who has been reported as a possible German sympathizer. 

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ACTIVITIES OF THE WASHINGTON COl!I.:ITTEE OF THE HIG!lk'JIDER FOLK SCHOOL: . 

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The following information was obtained fran a publication put out b,y the Highlander Folk School·quoting neW¥paper articles 

appearing in the Washington Times Herald, the Washington News, and the 

\"J'n!=:'hinai-1"'12"1 ~+ . .!::11,... nn~o,.. Aa+~ ,...,. u"' .. ,. 11 1t'll.').. '\,. .. ,...-.......... c ... -• ............ -. ............. ~"""' v.a. Jlr.l~ ._., ~7'-'"~ 

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··The first big eve11t in the celebration of Highlander's 

'.l'cnth Anniversary was a concert by p;,UL ROBESON given at Riverside Stadium 

on !~ay 10, 1942 sponsored by P.ighlander•s Washington Committee for benefit 

of the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee. · The concert had an 

Wlderlying note of patriotism and contained such songs as 0 The Bill of · 

Rights," a song of the Soviet Red ,"trmy and another from workers in a German 

concentration camp. ROBESON sang in Russian, German, and Hebrew, as well -

a. s English. Tfa~, ington. spo.nsor. s for the~O. BE. S .. ·ON conce.rt included: ' . , Urs-. F'Rf.NKLIN D. OOSEVELT,. l!rs. ~~~;- STONE, JustiC? .and l'rs. ST,l.NLEY F.>\ 

\l.EED, Mrs. {WGO L. L\CK, llrs. -~~C~\('l ·' Scna.tor.i!.BE\W.!RnobK, Mr. and - .:.!rs.~;\RD \lffii•TP!~, J!r. -4l7~S B. Cn.I!ET.; , ~ -. .aJid¥z-s-.-. QI~~~CHOT, J.ti-. 

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CL..RENC..;\frCKETT, ltr, FRED__5#._ W. , Dr. FfWlK P.\GR:JL'~I!,"l!r. ·arid Mrs. V 

GERf.RD D.-'REILLY, Uz:, -~::-w-V.ERIC~, ltr1. WALTER BRUCE !Hbri:E, Hon. THOL!AS H. ,I' - I \ 'OLIOT, l!r. and Mrs. J. R. FILLI!.''-lh. l!rs. l!HlW l!cLEob-_ BE'nim.:!; l!rs. Gi,NSON v-

\::.', , · .PWlCELL, Mrs. CL.RK\FORE1!, <, ·lfrs.-C-~ miJJnJ 'AAETTs_,-i.;.r, and l!rs, CLIFFORD\ 1 

',. J/'DUR.l't, :ur...__~ng__l!r.J;.. D.Wm R~ "iiTLLLtl!S, lion. J. ·rtml:.dJJDEN, ¥I'· TELFORD _.-·. I ' '" .. -firm .·nr-.. + ,,,t;;;ii\oT''"''-'''')"}._ ".,,:>,...,"' \TTT-n"""'"·' 1L-- nTTn,·.~,.T..,.. - .. -"'"' .... ""'"'.u.' .. ~+ ........ "': :,eu•.n.L .. . Y-'·'-'.'vp,.l)">' .pw. • ~av.J.~~ '"-'~_.J....Cd,. _ _.u1~-~J AUL.:iO n.L.L&Lh\. ~AU.in1 .: 

.:rs. DZCC~' ~on;ILY, tli'. ana llrs._MICHAEL~TIUJGHT."' )/_ • · 

MYLES HORTON, of the' Highlander Folk School, advised 

that M..LCOU! ROSS, farner menber of the Highlander Folk School, who is now 

c. Publicity Director for the National Labor Relations Board, and C&\RLIE 

• !L,NDY, fho is engnged in the Research Department of the Butchers 1 Union, ..:. 

liLIC&',EL ,TR .. IGHT, who is in the \lashing ton Bureau of the New Republic, and /, 

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Rev. l~IU.J<I, an Episcopalian minister residiilg at .i.lexandria, Virginia, 

were the most active mei!Ibers of the 'Jashington Committee of the Highlander 

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Folk School and should be given the most credit for the success of the concert. 

:.:YI.zs l!ORTOI; further advised that, since this is Highlander• s tenth anniversary) 

an effort is being oade by the school to obtain national sponsors, and in 

this co:mection letters have been written to cany prord.7lent political figures 

in ~·inshington and throughout tho country; that so far F.ri-.NK Gfu.H.'.U, llrs, 

FIL.lE\Lil: D. ROOSZVELT, and Ji.lffiS CJ.REY have given oral consent to have their 

nUI:l~S used as sponsors for the schoo.l; that written consent has ~n obtaine. d 

from ROGER B.U.DTiiN, President .i.NDERSOr of :.ntioch College, GEORGE '..!HEr.' 

of Vanderbilt University, Dr. LILLLJI JOIDISO!i and c;.R.'UE l!cT:JLL!l • UILES 

HORTON expected to have an inposing 1 st of celebrities~ sponsor the school 

in the near future. · · 

HORTON further advised that oany of the sponsors of 

, ·'- :ochool were not personally faciliar with the school .or cembers of the 

faculty, but gave their support to the school bceause they believed in the 

program as outlined by publications issued by the school, 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL IJID THE SOU'l'HERN CONFERENCE FOR HU!.!AN TiELFARE: 

The Highlander Fling published by the Highlander Folk 

bchool at l.lonteagle, Tennessee for June, 1942 contains an article which 

states that at the third Conference f~HU!lan Welfare held in Nashville, "'"u'~s:o.:;e 011 April 19-21, 1942, JAUES UBROWSKI served as executive secretary 

ru1d has been given a leave of absence d will continue with the conference 

tr~oughout the year. The article further states that all of the school staff 

cook part in the conference as panel leaders, office workers or delegates; 

:::at a large mm.ber of fomer students who were present at the conference as 

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4cJ.egates cet with the staff for dinner •. Following the conference, SOJ:le 

, . fvr ty friends vi~ Highlander Folk School, am~g whom were ~H ·. ~::FFmTELLER, CLI: FOREllAN of Washington, ETHEL LYDE and ED! FIELD of 

:Ic-11 York, and sever carloads of Black llountain d University Oklah01:1a 

s'Cudents. The present address of JAJJES DOJ.!BROI'ISKI as obtained frot~ ••IIi 

Postmaster at Monteagle, Tennessee, is Rooc 202, Prcsb~-teri~ Building, 

Nas1willc, Tennessee. It is believed that this is the present headquarter:~ 

for tho Southern Conference for HUDan Welfare, 

FTl~riLA::DER FOLK SCHOOL P)..RTICIPATION IN THE TE?JNESSEE STATE t:IO CONVENTION: 

The following publication indicates that the 

·:' w'' c.:;;:r Folk School was act~vc at the Tennessee State CIO Convcmtion held 

in L:er.~phis, Tennessee June 12, 13, 1942: 

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"STATE CIO COUVENTION URGES ALL TENNESSEE UNIONS SEND STUDENTS TO HIG!lLUIDEil 

HIG!!Li.NDER STUDENTS ARE CONVENTION LEADERS 

School's Help Requested in Publicity Work and Education in the Field 

The labor oovenent can derive b='oat advantage from a 

school of its oun. This was amp~ shown at the Tennes~oc State CIO Convention 

by the participation of Highlander 'students and by demands upon the school 

for help. Locals 'll'ere urged to Illlke full use of the school. 

Thee Van ~andingham, UAW 1/903 ( 31llill!ler •41) presided 

over the opening session of the convention in his capacity as President of 

~, ' ;:._ -/..ls Industrial Union Council and had the rare privilege of introducing tho ~or of Menphis, a city which has lortg resisted the caaing of 

the CIO. l!att\Lynch, JJ'H':/ Director of tho Tri-State ilrca, (s=cr ':35 and( 

President of t~ HFS ,tluoni Association) responded to the ~or•s address. 

Matt and Van Troro also on tho arrangcnents c=ittee. Er.rl.l\\lillioetz, CIO 

Reproscmtativo and Ch:Urraan of the Y.noxvillo IUC (Fall •40) and Ed\Blair, 

i.CUA orga:1i:~:or (Fall 1 40) were Cha.inaen of c=ittoes. Ed and l!att\ 'll'ere 

clc~t.ed hcc Presidents of the State Council for .the ca:ti.ng year. 

IICI:Ibers of tho school's Executive Council were very 

nuch in evidence - d\P~cpor, Regi~al Director froc Louisiana, .representing 

n.llan\Hoy\7ood, Alto Law\ence, Hollis eid, W.ss Lucy\!.!ason, Ed\Callaghaz:l, . 

liatt [lynch, :md Paul~hristopher who w s elected the n\w Prosident of the 

State CC'uncil. The pl'ogram of tho school -rrns discussed llith Jaoes Carey, 

Secretary, CIO. 

'.Fne rouowing excerpt frot:J the report of the Education 

Connittee illustrates the gro\71ng realization of the use which the labor 

novcr..Gnt in Tennessee -can ~:~ake of tho resident workers school right in the 

heart. of the state: 

'"In addition to giving organized labor its rightful 

pl.lcEO :111 public education, unions should promote their own educationol. prograos. 

Su~h educ~tional prograos are bec~ing increasingly important to hold our 

t:J.ins c·""d to organize during 11 war situation. The labor movement in Tennessee 

~;-,~,_,i.d !"::?.kc fuil use of iho resideni workers school in Tennessee, ihe H;igh-

, "~~"- "-": School, and Southern School for Workers, sending meobers to attend 

the two and six weeks tems for intensive training, using the schools for 

insti tutcs and conferences, and calling on the staff for extension programs 

in v;:ious cities. n t -

The report of the publicity c~ttee also called on 

locals to usc Highlander's help in getting out circulars and pamphlets, and 

labor pl:~Ys. 

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Highl:mder is ready to a.ssuce its increasing res~ 

pc.nsibilities and urges every local in Tennessee to follow out the policy 

laid by the convention, and send students to our SUJ:l!Der term, August 3 -

Septc:;lx:r 12, which ha.s been especially planned to meet the new problems 

::a used by the war. 11 

Rt"'J'uRT OF THE NEVI ORLEANS EXTENSION PROGRI\11: 

The f'olloning report was receivdd f'rcm a confidential 

"TilE NE\7 GRLE:iliS EXTENSION PROGRI.J.l ~ary Laurance, Exte~sion Directo: 

for Highlander Folk School 

(For the inf'o~ation of' Highlander's contributo~s :md friends, we have asked 

~ary Lawrance to prepare the f'olloning brief' report of the educational progr3Ill conducted by her for the past year in New Orleans, working in conjunction 

with the New Orleans Industrial Union Council.) 

The objective of' the educational program in New 

Orleans was to take over the newly organi7ed locals and help the organizers 

ln servicing and educating the membership. The most successful results were 

had with tho Reserve Sugar Local, because this approach was used. Several 

~onths intervened between the time of' organization, and negotiation of' a contract, which provided time to train officers and stewards to run their ov.n 

ur.ion, :md tho rank and file to speak in meetings and follow tho rules of 

r.:edings, and enabled the local to discuss and write its own contract. 'l'his 

:i.oc:ll knew what it was fighting for; it is ready to swing behind its new contra~;t and nake it work. 

The educational program was divided into four logical 

periods--although not in~entionally. The first three months were spent mainly in the training of' officers and col:ll:litteemen to do their jobs properly 

!:!ld to build their organization. The second period was devoted l:l&inly to 

the stewards--training thei:l to take up grievances and to build the union in 

their dcpartr:Jent. During the third session, emphasis was put on picking the 

=i:ms in the greatest need of' help, and running a progrlll:l individually for 

each of them, with the assistance of the officers and stewards who had at-

+~nded the earlier classes. The final session was an effort to train as 

nan;,r as possible of' the rank and file in the fundamentals of unioni8c at 

genJral neetings, dcpa.rtoental neetings, stewards' meetings, executive beard 

meetings, and so forth. It was felt important to activate more and mere 

people as leadership was rapidly being drained off. Special CI:!phasis was 

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given the l7ork of the stermrd, whose job hns increased because of added 

responsibilities brought on b,y the wnr. 

The work at New Orleans proved to ce that an edu-oc1.;.- •' 

cational prcgrar.1 with southern locals I:IUSt be sicple and practical. In other 

\70rds, Union Problens and not Labor History; panphlets and charts, not books 

nnd speochcs. Because I could find no book on union prcblems sicple and 

practical enough for ey purpose, I wrote one, with advi.cc frotl the CIO 

Regional Director entitled, 11How to ):luild Your Union", which we at first 

ciceographed and later printed. 

What was accomplished b,y the educational program? 

Presidents learned to conduct neetings speedily and interestingly according 

to the rules oi parliancntary law; more mer:bers were taking the floor in 

meetings and expressing thenselves intelligently; more cambers had nn idea 

of what their contracts covered; stewards and c~tteecen learned haw to 

streanline this business of taking up grievanceg and getting results; stewards 

cm::e to realize the icportance of their job of building the union in their 

departncnt; an educational colucn (to be continued b,y Highlander Folk School) 

appeared in the new labor paper, NEW oRLE.·,Ns NE\"{S DIGEST; s01:1e few of the 

better nenbcrs began to vision the inportance and possibilities of the 

labor novcnent beyond their own local union. 

lluch of the success of the program was the result of 

the working relationship with Highlander Folk School. I returned to the 

school for each terc bringing four or five of the likeliest candidates far 

leadership up for intensive training. Two of these students who attended 

Hir;hlandcr; s sun::10r tern are now back in New Orleans working as organizers. 

Durinc the s=er terc, the CIO Regional Director from Ne\7 Orleans and 

several of the organizers helped lead a week-end conference en Negotiating 

and other union problens at the school." 

NUl STi,FF liE1!BERS OF THE HIGHLiJIDER FOLK SCHOOL: 

On !!arch ll, 1942 a letter was received from the 

Highlander Folk School sho\T.ing the followin~ persons as members of the staff 

Qw -!':IC!! ,...,.(' +.l'l.,+ ""''""+""'- 1fiTTT. T, Do..._n1Tff'II'1')TI"V' ,.. 't~~ ~1i:tT\~"u"\r~rrr •~'t"!!:-' ""'"''""!'I'!""""'" VoL 1;1UU.1;1 u.Q.1;11;0j0 U..L..l.£LI.UUICI. ~U.L.lll..LlJJ\.J U'J.U.&IAJ oCie LAJL..Jlll.U\Jo;)l\J..I JliUl.ILL) nUl'LlUr.IJ . 

ZILPI!f.'. 1~"£210RTON, M.~Y I;,t.R,.\NCE, DURI'IiJID K UciWIIEL, LOUISE \J.!cD:I.NIEL, ~-LJUi. ~TENZta,, LEON~.'ILSON. The Highlander · g of June, 1942 indicates 

that the follO\v-lng cfumges have been ~:~ade: '· · L'JJ BUTTRICK and JiJ.!ES 

IiOJ.:BRQ\;SKI should be deleted !ron the staff, Btnl'RICK having died at 

·:-.. ~""·tilt Hospital in nashville, Tennessee on .~pril 15, n.nd JAllES DO!.!BRCT.iSKI 

having been given a leave of absen~or the croinc year. The following 

additions should be nade: C.<ROLDiE INKELSTEIH, -graduate of Smithf"llege, 

1941, joined the staff as office se tary in April, 1942. DOROTHY ~.i.SIS, 

:.ntiooh Colleee student, is working at the Hig.h~a.'lder Folk SChool as bffi.ce 

secretary as a part of her college tr8ining. 

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ME!!BERS OF THE SCHOOL'S EXECUTIVE COUNCIL: 

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·The present ceJ:Ibers of the school's executive 

council are: E. s.\ CALL:•GHJJI, Southern Director of AI:Ieriean Federation of 

Hosiery \'iorkers; BERN;JID BOR.iH, Southern Director of District So, 'lllmA; 

p,.UL CHRISTOPHER, President of the Tennessee St~te Ind~:st.rial Union Council; 

F. c. PIEPER, Louisiana CIO Regional Director; JOE\ooBici Chattanooga 

Central Labor Union; ~TT LYliCH, Tri-State Director\ Al~:Vi; JILTON L...liRENCE, 

Regional Director, !J:ine, :uill and &!elters ~orkers; LUCY JW>ON, Public 

i:clati·,ns repre~entative of ~he C ; HOLLIS_ ID, J,e_gi~lative representative 

of the Railroad Brotherhood; ONES, Fi · Univers:rty; GEORGE K..YHP.1l', 

Vanderbilt University~ It will be . ted thatc·:P'•"":<:·· Pll':'ER, HOLLIS REID, 

LE'.,'IS JONES, and GEORGE Mr.YHEi: are new oel!lbcrs, 1'1hile the former r:tel!lbers, 

i•LBEnT BARNETT, Professor of Old Testanent Liter-ature, ~Scarritt Cop.ege, GEORG~TITLER, Secretary cf District 19, W.lil., and ROY · OLDS, President 

of the ~ttanooga Printinc ProsSr:tcn•s ·and ;,ss:!;stants• nion, have been 

dropped fr= _the council. · : · · .·. . : · · ·· · . . . 

?,:.ST :um CONTEI.!Pu,TEb SCHOOL ACTIVITIES: . 

. · The Highlander Folk SJ:hool. ba.'s .carried on cO!!lparativelt 

few actiVities dliring the spring and early s~er _of 1942. ·il. .Junior Cacp was 

held at the school fraia June 1 to June 7., 1942- which w;~s ,attended by workers• 

children, ago eight to fifteen, cost ~the caoper three dollars. The CBI!Ip 

. was under the supervision of MARGA.i'lET ~~IN . and ZILPH!k HORTON, wh~ re 

assisted by lLlRIA STENZEL, LEON WILSON, CAROL FINKElSTEIN, and B ELKUSS. 

The prograc included indoor and outdoor recreation, hiking, folk d cing, 

sincing, dranatics, art and craf'ts. The camp was_ designed to encour ge the 

physical, personal and group developoent of workers• children and to help 

DBke unioniSr:t a core effective part of family and cancunity life. The 

cajority of the cacpers were frcm Grundy County, Tennessee. Representatitm 

was about equally diVided between AF of L, CIO, and fam faci.lies. 

The Uritcr•s \7orkshop was held at the school fran 

June 15 to June 27, 19u2. at the present tme, no information is available 

~~~~~.....,.i!IG the activity carried on at this period. Previous ll'riter Workshops 

have been under the direction o~ LEON WILSON, at which time various writers, 

editors, college professors have instructed a scall nunber of students fran 

Southern states in the technique o~ ~iting ~iction and discussing the South 

as source tmterial for conte!ilporary articles. Future actiVities as outlined 

in the schedule published in the Hiehlander Fling indicate that a second 

Junior Union C!!r.ip ldll be held at the school froc July 5 to July 12; that 

a su,~~nar tern for workers will be held friD August ) to September l); that 

a special t11o-wceks tern will be Given fr= Septecber 1 to Septecber l), and 

that the tenth anniversary celebration ~d student reunion will be held at 

the school on Scptecber 12 and Septw.ber l). The Hiehlander Fling states 

that the courses are planned to help the students carry out the daily Job 

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of running their organizations and to ~et the new problems caused b,y the -.r. 

Special courses in labor probleos in war time, ne\t labor locislation and 

techniques of setting up educational prograns have been added to the usual 

courses in public spcaki..'1C, parlia.ocnta.-ry law, union publicity, labor f'iat-ory• 

economcs, current events, dra.::~atics and singing. The Hi!:hJ.andor Fling furt~cr· states that tho course should stress labor's part i;1 winnine the war 

as the theo.o for special eo.phasis. This should be tau;;tt under the variol!B 

hzQc:in;:s and sub-headings: 

"1. Increasing Production 

m'B - '11artioo Planning 

CIO In:lustry Plnn 

Conversion Pl~;s 

Labcr-llanag~•e~t C~ttee 

~FL-CIO Victory Cacnittee 

Labor Supply 

2. Labor's Sacrifices 

The RiGht to Strike 

Double tiDe 

lli•" 11Equali ty of Sacrifice" 

Function of 1fLB 

3. Labor's Econacic Probleo.s 

OP:•-Infl~tion 

Consu::ter Procrans 

T=tion 

Priority Uneoployoent 

Housin~; 

4. l!cu Union Problens 

Crcanizing in i.7ar TiDe 

Training New Leadership 

Fi;::htinc Mti-Union Propaganda 

Training Skilled lrorkers 

5. 'Jinning the Tiar 

Being Inforned 

Buildin~ tho Peace 

No Discrinination 

Civilian Defence 

6. Planning for J,ction at Hooc 

Educational Procrams 

Plant Ca:uuttees 

Publicity Program" 

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J.:YLES HORTOtl, in a general conversation wi~ the."., 1 

repo:-tinr; J•gent, stated that tho lli&hlander Fol~School has obtained J:1M;1 

of :.ts ideas and procressive proGrans fro;:~ l!.iliK STARR, Educat~onal Directar4 

of tho International Labor Ga:nJcnt iTorkers Unio .f:roc GEORGE C~UN , Nati 

President of the l.nerican Federation of Teachers, and from JO .IE!. · 

nlthouc-'1 it is noted in previous reports that a ~:Teat ·'r·a,_ of t e funds ' 

furnished to the Hif:hlander Folk School ewe f:rCIIJ i.nalJ.c •Jated Bank of Hew 

Yu2·k, n;uch is controlled by the !LG'.m, IJYLES HORTOll ci•,,•ied that 'there was 

a.:y .:;t.rong connoc~ion between tho Hiehlander Folk School and the ILG!iU, ar.d 

stated that, althouf:h tho IIff.iU backed the school as d.i.d Iliii1Y other affiliates 

of tho CIO and :.:F of L, the school was not controlled '"'Y aey one group. 

HORTO!l further stated that at tbe ·present til:le the pojc'. cy of t~e school and 

fer labor orcanization activity in ccncral was to cot uaxinuc production to 

a~d the war effort. H~ further sta~od that in con!1ect:!.on with this program, 

tho school was advocating that all labor unions as a ~atter of right and duty 

·:·,c·,ild organize production cCXlT.litteos and to neet with managel:lent a.nd demand 

that all possible action should be taken in order to secure l:laxil:lul:l production. HORTOU stated that to a certain extent this was a reversal of the 

previous procrao in nh!ch workers had been urged to orcanize for the protection of their ann riehts to secure hi&her wages, shorter working hours, , better workinG conditions, and avoid unnecessary speed-up or stretch-out 

pro<erans on the part of the l:lanacencnt in cmmection with which the right 

Lc str~ko was vieorous~ advocated. HORTJN advised that, although the 

Hicr~~~der Folk School had been constant~ referred to as controlled by 

v.:-.~:.-...;,:!.;;ts and to have followed the Corummist Party line, every effort h:1.d 

been nade to conduct tho school strict~ alone lines advocated by organized 

~~b0r, and that ar.y correspondence betuuen the policies advocated by the 

~o:-".1unist Party and those advocated by the Hichlander Folk School were pure~ 

c :·L'1cidental. • 

HORTON stated that, if the present pclicy of the 

:1chool were carried out to a laree extent that he expected to receive canplaints in the future to the effect that the Highl<mder Folk School was ad-

'ivc~tinc the control of industrial plants by production c=ittees cocposed 

of labor which would in fact appear that the Folk School was advocating the 

cs':.ablishncnt of Dllnufacturine Soviets. HORTOU further stated that he had 

t::-:.ed unsuccessfully to have the Hichlander Folk School accepted as a 

',., <t.i..nin.; crounc! for labor under the direction of the OCD; that recent~ he 

'1:.~ 'occn to ::ashinc;ton and spent one whole day speakina ldth Hr. DI.NIEIS and 

-''•:c-:- T.ler.lbers of the OCD in an effort to pronulgate his plan, but that he had 

>c~·~·red the ansncr that if labor were civen representation in the OCD that 

"""-~ :;roups such as Chanber of Co::merce, iir.lerican Lccion, Kiwanis Club, 

wm,lfacturers• associatioos, etc. would doctand the sa:te right and equal 

representation. I!OUTO!I further stated that in his trip to l;ashin;;ton he had 

taE:od \'lith a ncobcr of tho Departr.tcnt of Justice who was in the Civil 

Lib-erties Division, and had asked this person when the investication of the 

:1ichlander F<>lk School would be conpleted. llr~ HORTON stated that the 

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Dcpar~~ent of Justice official had stated that. the FBI, having received complaints thnt the Highlander Folk School was engaeed in subversive activities, 

h~d of neceasity conducted an investigation; that this investigation would 

probably continue as long as long as cocplaints concerning the school ware 

received. The official further stated that no stattment. would be made concerninc the Highlander Folk School that it had been il,,.,_,Jtigated and i"ound 

not to be cnc:accd in subversive activities. HORTON the:~. stated that,since 

the 'li.::;hlandcr Folk School is beinG investigated, he r.,r.J.d make every effort 

to cooperate with the FBI or any other investir.ative bodv who was seekinr. 

inforn~tion. H0\7cver, it was thoucht that a cross-exru:rlitntion of HORTOliTTould not be appropriate at this tii:Ie. 

The reporting Agent noted that a sreat Oa!zy magazines 

and recent publications, as well as posters which dc-:.c~-ated the walls o£ 

the school, contained slogans that were extrenely anti-Fascist and anti-

.. ~~:., .,;,at everywhere denocracy and war effort was stressed. HORTON further 

stated that in his conversation \"lith the Departoental official, he ndvised 

that if the school continued to be investigated by the FBI, certain local 

groups, prioarily the Grundy County Crusaders, would use this point to stir 

up activity and criticisn of the school pointing to the £act that it oust be 

subversive if it were investigated by the FBI. L'r. HORTON' was advised by 

the nenber of the Department of Justice that, if any action were taken by 

such a group lfhich infringed upon the civil rights and liberties of the 

HiGhlander Folk School or any neobers o£ its star£, he should i=ediatel;y 

telephonE> 1iashincton and a speedy investigation of such infringeoent o£ their 

ricnts and liberties would be speedil;y and thoroughly investigated. 

It will be noted that, although the Grundy County 

CrusaC:ers 1\Ere very active in Montea[;le at the time the school was being 

inv~sticated by C. ~KILBY of the Consolidated Coal Cocpany, since investication has been t n over b,y the FBI, no conplaints have been received 

that any nob nction i contenplated ac:ainst the school. 

ll!YLES HORTON -s questioned concerning RIC!L'JID ~THE, uhc vras forr.erly a ocmbel" o£ the sta££ o£ the Hiehlander Folk Schooi.uRfuN 

stated that he 11as not positive as to dates and circumstances, but that to 

the bust of his k::noTiledee, OOTHE trn.S a German, was educated in Oerna.ny, came 

over to this country for a short tine, returned to Gcrnany, was active in 

the p!'c-Hitlcr Geruan ~'iork Canp progran, that he returned to ;.nerica in 1938, 

2.:-.d v.-..?.s ;:;.ffiliated with the Aocrican Youth Connissicn, the International 

:::t.c: ·:cr, t 3c::rvice at 6 :fest Fortieth Street, New York City, with the NYA and 

.:.::. ·,: __ ·.:vrk Canp of ..:.norica. HORTON stated that GOTHE had written a thesis 

cnti tlccl "Introduction to ~lork Caops" l'lhile he Ttas workine for the 11T.lerican 

Ynuth Ccnnission; that as a result of this he had ewe t•:> the Hielllander 

Fol~ School hiehly rcccr.mended by the i.nerican Youth Connission and the 

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' - j. t~ 

C' 

International Student Service. !iORTOll stated -that ClOTHE had been affiliated 

With the Hic;hlander Folk School in 19h0; that durinc this t:il!le, he was very 

r:ruch opposed to FasciSJ:l and NaziSil and at all tiDes had leaned over backwares to express ~s disapprov:ll of JIITLER and lnTLER pro(;I'!IT.I; that he had 

~"pressed hie as boinc very deoocratic. HORTON stated, however, that OOTHE 

did not beJr the sentiments out in his daily life and :·.r 'i at tines been -.ery 

dictatorial in the setting up of his various work caDpo;, HORTON stated that 

he hac exaoincd GOTHE's papers fron the State Departo~i., the Bureau ot 

Irmi;;ration and the various c:;:oeaentials he had carried, indicating his 

activities fron 1938 to l9h0; that all of these had be~n in perfect order. 

HORTON stntcd that GOT".dE, after leaving the Hiehlander Folk School, had 

taught socioloc;y one year at 13lack l.!ountain Collece in North Carolina in 

19hl; that the last he had hec.rd of GIJTHE TillS that he ..-as somewhere on the 

t;est Coast. HORTON i'ur';her advised that GOTHE had been a cachinist in Gemany; 

that he believed his wife was still livinG in Gen:any. 

&'!CLOSUP.ES: 'IV'\ 'I"Ul;" t::ITllHi' '· Tf • ...... """~ £JV .. w.MioVe 

1 Publication, Highlander Fling, for June, ·l9h2. 

1 l!co.o 'l'To All the Friends and Supporters of Highlander" 

concerning p;.ur. ROBESON concert given at Riverside Stadi~~~:~, 

1iashincton, D. C., 5-lo-42. 

1 Report of the activity of the Hichlancter Folk School at 

the Tennessee State CIO Convention. 

1 !JiD.Oo(;I'aphed sheet entitled "Junior Unicn Ca1.1p, Highlander 

Folk School." 

O:Je copy 11The Nfl'IT Orleans Extension Prot;r!IT.I11 

1 l:ineocraphed letter dated 1iay 30, l9h2 frcn l.!YLES HORTOli. 

- P E N D I N G -

-11-

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' 

' . ' 

. . 

• 

TJr.'DEVELOPED LEiJ>S: 

THE ;CNOXVILLE FIELD DIVISION: 

. At Knoxville and Uonteagle.;._Tennessee, will 

oaintain contact vdth confidentiaOl irifomants and sour:·"~' of iilfomation in 

order to report present and future activities of the Highlander Folk School. 

toill furnish copies of the Highlander Fling and 

other publications obtained through Box 1545, Knoxville, Tennessee, to the 

Bureau. 

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• c·~ • ·-·~·••• ••••• .. •••,.,.'"~•-' •.-·••,•.'- ""•'"::'•' , ... .,. ,., -·-· 

.. -

I 
.... 

-~' .. ae:ao t · 'I"o All the Friei!Ch ot Ei~lallder -

'!'he firet big e"nnt in the oelebration ot 

Highla.nder' • Tenth ADDinreary h eomething to 

brag about and is reason enough wey you ehoul4 

reoeive the olippinge below. Sponsored bJ · Highlander' • Washington CCIIIIll1ttee the affa1J' b 

a o~llenge to all the fr1ende af Highlander 

everywhere to go out and do likewise or at leaet 

as near liksvriee as possible. 

• ~· 

Waehington Times-Herald 

May ,11, 1942 

j ~,0~0 ftH~ar 1 

ll'aul Kooeson 

· In Folk ~ongs 

Program lncluaes 

Foreign Compositions 

- GLENN DIUABD Qt!JIIN 

Pl-.e thot1Sfllnd mush~ foYPY'I!I pth-

.,..d In the Riverside 8todlum Jut 

, fi:~1\~ t-o ~wtt.r :rs.u1 Robeson 1D a 

I Pror.&m or folk IOilP. 

Por many yeara lt hao been the 

praetlce or thla &Teat artlat to 

llmlt hta uc!lals to the IIDCCB or 

hla <rwn raee. Havlnr t.he ~TRtest, 

?Oiee or the preaent Ill polllt of 

a<>rl<ll'IIJ and a lift for ih" b'rle 

&dc!reu• that l.a notablr elOCillent, 

R<>beoon haa done hl.a ahara to 

mate thla almple an~ morinl art 

}C>Ved b7 all thl peoplea of the 

wmd. 

Waahington 1poneon for the 

P..tOhescn concert included: Mrs. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. Mrs. Agnes 

R. Stone, Justice and Mn. Stanley 

f'. Reed, Mn, Hugo L. Black, Mra. 

I'rsncis Biddle, Senator Abe Mur- , .:~,.,-:-h, 'Mr 'l!nd Mn. Edward Keat1 inJ?, Mr. James B. Carey, Mr. and .u .... .::.. v ....... u .t .r".i'"'i., Mr. aarence Pickett. Mr. Fred S. 'Walk~r.· Dr. 

Frank 'p, Graham, Mr. and Mrs. Ger~rd D. Reill)·, Mr. Maury Maverick, Mn. Walter Bruce Howe, 

Honorable 'MI(Im&fl H. Eliot, Mr. 

and Mrs. J. R. Fillman, Mra. Mary 

McLfood Bethune, Mn. Ganson Purcell, Mrs. Clark Fort>man, Mn. 

Charles Edward Rhetta, Mr. and 

Mrs. Clifford J. Durr, Mr. and Mrs. 

Da\•id R.. 'Yr'illiam~;, Honorable J. 

Warren .Madden, Mr. Telford Tay-

• !or, Lieut. BaHY Bin~~am. ~r1 David E. Lilienthal, y,.~ H1lda 

Smith, M n. Decca Rom mil)', Kr 

and ll!n. Michael StrairhL 

We.ahington Ina 

Ma:r 11, 1942 

J ~o~~son. ~reat 1 

rn K1vers1de 

Benefit Show 

That was more than .a recital 

at Riverside Stadium last nla'ht. 

It was a revival meetill&', a COWltry hOfHiown and a Basin-at bluea -~on. all rolled up In one 

bundlf>. 

...... - .. - Dl1l:T ..... -- lll!laontiJ "' bla Ulenta, but oiiD -u-aroeremoo~e~rara 

trio or Herro folk &{ltlta. .Tile wbole 

th1nl wu a benefit for Ule R'lf'da,.,_. 

Polk SChool, Kon~~~&rle, 'l'WDII. 

J!DbeaoD aanr rently and ..,_lllltulb' 

&be foil-• ltf bla own - - people, J>ut It wu when .be aUpped 

IIllo tile I'Dit he lloris tn:-ebe .,_ 

et· tilt - aecl, &bat be noted wild 

.,tbual.alm. Plereety, aavacelr·be-

!

...,.. of Cbe aoutbem Herro, .. Cblneae aoldler, tile leci<Jon&lre of -.pd 

l Madrid. ibe German ai ibe ClliiOIID· 

; t.ral!on camp, tbe Red Anny....-11 Ill 

I Dllllsb first, - Ill Ita Dllt.lft IOIIpe. 

I Jneseapably. "' """'""· be _.a ODte Wltb "C)1d Mao RIYOJ',• opln Wltb 

• 'Taint 1!1'--ntJ 8o" - Pol1:r 

- -· Aocompanl.at L&WffDCe B"""' added bla oolce Ill bla """ unnrements of ... Bieklel Saw de Wheel" 

&M • Joabua Plt cit BattJe of Jericho.• 

Por tilt . three • lesser art.iSta - ah&recl the •taco wltb him. It wu a 

nl&ht of nJ&hla. ADd weD lber bold 

1111 tbelr end Of the allow. 

Roudle 'Uadbellrl Le&clbetler. wilD 

-IDI lo haft DO ........ periiCinAI fol• 

lt1Winr or his own, drew ~ IDOit ..,_ 

tbiiii .. Uc reaponae, lbcludlna a lilt tJI. 

oommuniQ< a~Dflll~. wlt:ll bla '!'ft 

aongs. ballacl.a and bl..,.., A 12-slrinll 

,Wia< Wltb YOice to matcb wen bll 

tustrumenta. BUnd Saunders Terq' lnAde .. 50-cent barmolllca do lncrod1-

IH thlnp and wu lbi7 &lllll&ted b7 

Brownie McGee from 'J?n"·'ee aDd · bla ,Wtar. All tbree lailied up Ill an 

~-~ Jam aession before 11>e7 

n .,... a bla ntcht 1or a 1>11 DWI aa4·~ for tbe pecp1e l>e'o proud to fllht rr.. < < < -oa.o. < -

a Robeson 

Concert Has 

HomeyTouc&.._,. .... · Concert RepertoireJt:;= 

Is Laid Aside for 

Old Folk Tunes 

8J ALICE EVDIILUI. 

PaUl Robelon, famDIII Nope llarllona, packed R!nl'lide Stadium Jut 

Dllbt Ill tbe beoeflt ooocort be .,. .. for jba Jfllhllnd.,. ~ 8cbool o1 

llonteaaio. Teml. Mr.-- IIIII audlene. alwara ba .. a frlendb' 

rl'.at.loasblp imd tbe - talll:ed to 

- Jut qht Ill tbe - be -"!IIIli u u ltallwato a~ 

ptberllls. Alllltllll ... lbe - '+--.. 

!

.....,. were Roudle IAaclbetter Wltb " 

hla ,Wtar, 8aundera Ten:r, tbe bllad 

barmoalca plqer, &M BrowDie 

~ . ·~--~ . -AI erlalnallr &muiUDaod, Mr. II .... ~,. Jl.obeooD'I prorram WU to haft 000-

lalned arl"' and aonra from bla _, •• .,:;-• 

.. rt repertoire In addll!on lo rroupa '! 

of aplrltuall. AI It turned out. bow-

•• .... It wu purely a folk prorram ,io-'f"'" 

llotb b7 Mr. llobesoo and tbe otber i 

perlormera. Yet his numb<n bad t;:::::: more llanlftcant'lt since they npreaented tile oppreaed ~ ot 1110 . 

world aa "ell aa tbe principal na- · Uona now •trunllnc for llbertr Ill 5-.,.., lbt wv. 

Batalaar .. ._, JJ1 the llrlt lll'OUP he plaoM the 

JtUIIlan folk ICIDio "'!!'llbt" &rrallled 

folk 

b7 Alu&Ddrolf 

1C1G1 .. Oh. No, 

and 

John,• 

tbe 

tocetber 

~ 

with the Burlelch an-anpment Ill 

"'o Down Koaea" and Roblnaon'l 

"Wat« Boy." Later he aanc Kencleluohn '1 -xad God of Abraham," Parry'~ .. Jerusalem," wfth the warda 

=~-i"~~;slj llnal numben were-· -rennVIIloy ," "m.etlel Saw de Wbeel" &M 1 •Joabua Plt do llattle et Jerk:bo"j arn.Jlled bJ bla accDIIlpanl.at, LawI'Ol>CO Brown, and Burleleb'l U• 

ranc-ent or "B&llll Ill OlleaiL • , • A note or potrlot.llm IIDderlQ Mr. I 

Robelon'a talk tbout tbeae - and waa carried out rurtber Ill Ida 

.,........ which oolllllled of a lt.lr· 

1'111& oettiJir of "'ibe BW of Rl&bta, • a IODI or the 8o'rlet Red Alm1 

10ldJen. and another from worten 

In a thrlnf.ll ooncentraUon camp. With bla ~U~>t dramat.le llbWQ<, Kr. 

Jtobeson arouaec1 bla awllenot to 

cbeera and wU4 .applaUI&. 

Voloe rw.-

JUs JDICQilleent t'Oico wUh Ill 

orpnllll:e quality and - depth :lmed. the l&r1e arena u- llaled little 111 tbe ampWicatloD 

111tftn whJcb. wu not dear or powerful. the pnutne feellnC 'Which 

he puta lllto hl.a lllnP>r Is doubly 

eft'ecUve becaUR of ita n&turalntM 

and the atronr peraonallQ< or the 

arttat. Hla veroaUUty u a llllcul.at wu demonatrated when be I&DI 

tn R.uaslan, Oerman and Hebrew. 

•• < 

\ 

-.-~1--ry-.-·.=; :~·-~('-.--;:~-· -. -.--:~-:. • < 
(( 

STATE C 10 CONVtNT!ON URGES AU. TENNESSEE UNIONS SEND STUDENTS TO Hl~DER 

HIGliLANDER STuDENTS AP.E COh'VENT!OU LEADERs 

School's Help Requested in Publicity Work and Eduoetion in the Field 

The la.bor move:nent can derive great -.dvante.ge from e. school of its own. Thls ... 

amply shown at the Tennessee State c:o Convention by the partici}'at1on of Highlander · 

students and by demands llJlOn the school for help. Loco.ls were u:·ged to make full use 

of the school. 

1beo Van Landingham,. UAW t/903 ( aUI!!mer 1 41) presided over ·tho opening session or 

the convention in his co.pacity as President of t!le llen::?his Indus·~rial Union Council and 

had the rare privilege of introduci:tt thG !.iayor of Uempt.is, a ci !;y which has lo~ resisted the coming of the CIO. l.!att Lynch, AF.JI~ Director of tbe Tri-state Area, (summer '35 and President or the ITFS Alumni As3ociation) responded to the mayor' a ~i~ress. 

Me:t;t and v .. n were also on the arrP.r.gements committee. Emil Willimet~, CIO Repres'l!ntative and Chairman of the Knoxville !tiC {Fall 140) and Ed Blair, ACWA orgauher (~'all 

-.-: ··-·. c:,uirmen of committees. Ed and lls.tt wore elected Vice Presidents of the 

St .. te Counoil for the coming year. 

Members of the school's Exe~utive Council were very much in evidence • Fred Pieper, 

Regional Director from Louisiana, re:.>re~enting Allan He:'19ood, Alton Lawrence, Bollia 

Retd, J.:iss Luiy llason, Ed Co.lle.gh,>.n, ldatt Lynch, o.nd Pa~;.l Christopher who was elected 

th" n0w President of the State Council. The program of the school wns discussed 1f1th 

Jt\I:,es Carey, Seeretary, C IO. 

,ne i ullowing eXGerpt from the report or the Education COilllllittee illustrates the 

~~owin~ re~lizo.tion of tt.e use which ths lauor movement in Tennessee can make of the 

rcsiJ.0!1t workers echool right in the henrt of the statez 

•In addition to giving orga~i~ed labor its rigpttul 

place in public education, unions should promote their 

own eduontional programs. Such educational prog~ams 

are beeoming ·incroasi~gly impo~tant to uold our gains 

and to organhe during a war situation. The labor 

movement in Tennessee should make full use of the resident workers schoc:l in Tennessee, the Highlander Folk 

School, and South~rn School for Workers, sending members to attend the two and six weeks terms for intensive training, using the schools for institutes and 

conferences, and calling on the staff for extension 

programs in various cities.• 

,_urt of tho publicity committee also called on locals to use Bighlandsr' a 

help in getting out circulars and pamphlets, and labor plays. 

UiG'<lo.nder is ready to assumo its increo.sing risponsibilities and ur~es every 

loo:·, 1 in Tennessee to toll ow out the policy laid by the. convention, and aond students 

tc ~'.' r slln1sr term, August 3 - September 12, which has be on espec inlly ple.nned to meet 

the ue·.< problems. caused by the war. 

.. Eli CLOSURE 

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1 9 4 :z: 

JUNIOR UNIOW C.AIIP 

Highlander Folk School 

Monteagle, Tenn. 

;ne camp will be under the •~pervision of Margaret Bryan and 

Zilphia Horton. They will be assisted by Maria Stenzel, Leon 

Wilson, Carolyn Finkelstein and Bill E~~ss of the Highlander 

starr. All have had experience in working with children. 'l'he 

different activities of the program have been caref~lly worked o~t to provide the maximum of healthy outdoor activity with 

nourishing rood and ample rest. There will be a trained nurse 

available at all times. 

• 

WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO ATTEND? Children ot wcrkers< - children 8 to 15, 

COST OF THE CAMP. The entire cost to the camper will be $3. 

Xii\T TO BRING. Campers sho~ld bring comfortable clothing, 

heavy shoes, swimming 1uits. Those who have 

whittling knives are urged to bri~ them tor 

use in the craft classes. • 

Betty Jean Sargent nnd Claudera Williams, two of last summer'• 

r-ompers, sa.y1 

•This .co.mp h n. nico,plaee, but the do.y1 ars juet zip, zip, dppin' 

by. I thought they'd go slow, but they just whizz by. I like 

to folk dance best, nnd then swimming and baseball,• ·•I like the· c~mpfires and hikes. And I like the singing. I like what they o~y~--the words.• 
VOL. ~. NO. 2 ..g.. 9 MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

FLING I ' I 

P. C. Pieper, CIO Regional 

rector in Louisiana, under wboae 

rection the program was cond.uc 

have written lntoductlons. 

"UNDERSTANDING UNION! 

the pamphlet 18 full or timely 

useful ideas for local unions 

to launch educational P·I"OI~msi 

added a.ttraetion b a foutoutline, witb charts, for a clut 

taking up grievances and unk· 

building. 

The poamphlet was written 

Mary Lawrance, Hlchlander Ezt, . 

sian Director, and Wustrated 1 

Marta Stenzel or the school sta · I£ can be purchas.d for 15 by wr; 

lng the school. Aclclltlonal cop. 

of the outline for class discussio on grievances and union-bUildi 

can be had for Sc. 
I "'(' ~ 

' • 

' SIX ·wEEKS .: 

UMMER TERM FOR SOUTHERN WORKERS 

• August 3 

r .. 

to 

September 13 

JOJ? 

Educatio:n 

1~er ' ;, not F•ke other schools. 

li:r's job at ·a labor school is to 

""'ons b1 which everyone takes 

to ,..equailjt students with facts 

13 be Jr movement which will help , ~u1 ,·t: their union problems. You 

<' ·J rcuch regular schooling or 

M•·y clothes to attend-just a good sound 

lief in organization. 

Courses 

.... c~~''- _;,;>term are planned to . ,. . . . · ,,_- "<>.i!y job of running 

1ur organizations and to meet tht new 

·oblems caused by the war. Special ·u~ ~~-:.:: ,; laf1or problems in war time, new 

brr !eg',!aUon, and techniques of teach-

" ""'~ "' ttilo;; up educational programs >Ve beer. add~d to the usual courses in 

1blir spNtking, parliamentary law, union 

oblieity, labor history, economies, cur-

--• · .. ,.etc. -lcamatfcs and singing. 

"LABOR'S PART IN WINNING 

THE WAlt" 

Theme lor Special Empbula 

1. Inc~ ProducUon 

WPB-WarUme Planning 

CIO Industry Plan 

COnversion Pla.ns Labor~Mana.gement COmmittee 

APL-CIO VIctory Committee 

Labor Supply 

!. Labor's Sacrifice. 

The Right lo Strike 

DoubleUme 

UAW "Equality or Sacrifice" 

P'un<:Uon Of WLB 

1 Labor's Ecollomlc robJems 

OPA-Innauoo 

Consumer Programa 

TaxaUon 

PrJor1ty Unemployment 

Housing 

4. Newr UnJon Problems _ 

Organizing in War Time 

Tralnlng New Leadership 

Fighting Anti-Unlon Propaganda 

TraJnlng SkUled. Work.en 

5. Wlnnln~ the War · Being Informed 

Bulldlng the Peace 

No DlscrlminaUon 

Clvlllan Defence 

6. PlannJnr for AeUon at Home 

Educational Program~ 

Plant Committees 

Publicity Proiram 

Special 

2-Weeks Term 

September 

1-13 

Backing of Labor 

• Highlander is endorsed by leading labor unions. Many union leaders and 

government officials are scheduled to help 

lead discussions on the special theme of 

the term. Special assistance is given by 

the members of the school's Executive 

Council: 

E. S. Callaghan, Southern Director, American Federation of Hosiery Workeril; 

Bernard Borah, Southern Director, District 

60, UMWA; 

Paul Cristopher, President Tennessee State 

Industrial Union Council; 

F. C. Pieper, Louisiana CIO Regional Director; 

Joe Dobbs, Chattanooga Central Labor 

Union; 

Matt Lynch, TriState Director, AFHW; 

Alton Lawrence, Regional Director, Mme, 

Mill and Smelter Workers; 

Lucy Mason, Public Relations Representative, CIO; 

' Hollis Reid, Legislative Representative, 

Railroad Brotlierhoods; 

Lewis Jones. Fisk u~iversity; 

George Mayhew, Varderbilt University. 

Highlander F o I k S c b o o I, Monteagle, Tennessee 

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-·- f. .1 

HIGHLANDER 

f) 

FOLK S~.iOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

·~ 

7.137 

Dee.r Friend; 

Highle.nder is celebrating its tenth anniverse.ry with an enlarged program geared to tha new problems growing out .of the 

war. The demands for our services are greater than at any other 

time in our history. The effectiveness with which we meet these 

urgent demands depends upon you. 

The school ho.a an exporioncod ste.ff o.nd the active cooperation 

of an executive council composed of representatives of all 

branches of organi~ed labor. We have a plant and 200 acres of 

land free from indebtedness. Tho expenditures for running the 

school have never exceeded _our income, alti>ough last year it 

was necessary to use up our small reaerve to balance the budget. 

This means that we must find now contributors in 1942 even to 

raise the eq_uivo.lent of lost year' a in~ome •. Jot we need to 

er.large our budget to meet the increue4 d_ema.nds for our service .. 

The future of the school h bright. Friend~ro .of Highlander are 

rallying to our support, as can be seen by the enclosed press 

clippings on the Robeson concert in Washington, There is a 

special reason for urging you to help us at tbia time. Jim 

Dombrowski, who has been in charge of fund raising fqr the last 

eight years, has been given a year's leave of absence to serve 

as secretary for tho Southorn Conference for Bumnn Welfare,· 

which is doing a very important job in the South. 

We know that you would rather have the Highlander stnff spending 

1 ts time in ca!"rying out tho school 1 s program than in rairing 

tho budget. Accordingly, there are two ways in which you Can be 

of groat help: first, by making a spoci~l contribution immediately of at least $1.00; second, by sending us a list of names· 

of people who might contribute, and telling_ us if wo mny use 

;·-co:- n=o in asking f'or r.ontributionlf. 

Sincorolyyoura, 

-,· . ~ ·~ . ,.. .. HIGF<~~ND~~ FOLK SCHOOL 

mh/llit ~Hb~ uopwn m-c.-1 Chairman . 

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• . . . -' 

-2'HE JIZ1r OI!LSAlfS UTEWSIOJI PROGIWI 

llu-y Lawrance, Extenalon Director 

tor JU&blander Polk School 

(For the tatoraation at Hl5hl&D4er'• oontrib~tora and trien48, 

WO ha..,. &aked liar)' Lawr&Jaee to pNpe.J'O the follcftrill& 'brief ftpol't 

of the educational prop-.. conducted b7 ber for the p&Bt ,.ar a 

Jaw Orle;u~•. working !r. oonjW'.ct1on w!tb tbe In Orloane ln!lu- . trial 1Jn1on CoWIC 11.) 

the objective·ot the educational pro5ram ln Hew Orleans wae 

to take over the newl7 organiaed locale and help.tbe organl&er• 

in eervioing and educating the memberah1p. The ... t eucceeeful , 

ruulte were had with the Reserve Supr Looal, because thh appra.oh 

wae ueed, Several montbe interven3d between the time of or~­

&ation, and negotiation or a contract, which provided time to 

train officers ii.&"'id stawarda to run their own union, t.'ld the ~"~~""" 

and file to apeak in meetings and follow the rulee ot meetinge, 

and enabled the local to dhcu .. and write lta own contract. 'lhi• 

local knew what it was t'ighti~~& for; it ia ready to swln5 behind 

it8 new contract and make it wort. 

The educational program was divided into tour logical periode--

althougt not intentionally. The first three aontha were epent aalnly in the training or oft'icera and committeemen to do their joba 

properly and to build their orgnnization. Tbe second period waa 

devoted mainly to the atewarde--training them to take up grievancea 

And to build the union in their department. Durill& tbe third 

session, emphasis was put on picking the unione in the greatelt 

need of help, and running a program individually for eACh of them. 

with the aaailt.:.nce of the officer a and ste"_.rda who had attended 

the earlier classes. The final aession w~• an effort to train ~• 

~y ae possible of tho rank ~nd tile 1n the tun4~ontnls or unionism at ~enoral aeetin~a, departmental .aeetill&•• atow~rda' aeetinge, · ·--- ........ ~~ .... ""' .... ~•~== !"l:;'h.!'f =r'! l'.o,.t.b.. It =:.: felt !.mpor+.n."'t to 

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MONTEAGlE I TENN.~ ··. i'. ~\" --· ~- · .• :·. ~./ ;.._ ri' . 

. . : ")' .. • ?" "· ·:~: ~ ~- ?- ~-- ~ ; {~.-:r~-: /- -~ .,/ ...., .. ·, . . ' .- . 't;, ~-" 

It seems a_s though New Deal off1c1als'·: ~ · ;.. . ,,{_· . . · _ . . : ; '- - . \. 

have the hap~ habit-or selecting radical spots ae. tLj ·--.... ' . . .... 

place to create a soundtng board to expouse their 

theories. This time _th~~ are cooperating w1th this ,_ ' 

well known radical school for a .6 weeks course from .. August 3 to Septf.lllber 12. The pw:pose 1s to decide 

, 

on Labor's part in wtnn1ng the war against Fascism. ·~-". 

This short course will have as instructors .·.- - . --. --·.- . . i . ·.-. 

government and union off ic 1ale. 

The OPA will be represented b~ Prof." R.R.R. · 

~rook~ arxl EdithiChrtstenscn. T.FJBurns Will ''re~res~nt 

the WPB. Edwin sYSmtth, mtional dtrector or thef~ 

W~_rkers Organizing Campaign (CIO), Editor Lenliecaux of 

fb:·c~;~ews and Robert L.icruden or the{United __ Rp.p"Q."r 

Workers (CIO) will be among labor's lecturers. l/ /. 

Applications ma~ be made to l•!ylesJ1I'orton, .,.1 ~ .• • . 

director of the school, Monteagle, Te · Gl ~ 75""1/ !' '; ftOfR~l BURUU Of INVES11G~1101 

-I\Rct>iw'1.ll g JUI 21 1942 All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~LASSIFIED ~ !XDEXED 

U. S. Dti'Ar\1 Nid~1 l.if JUS liCE 

DATE BY c'V?lrr4t . c:P4u. t~,·'----~.;--- . A.... '~ '--., ~ 

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You aro nquested to ulce a oollpr'eheta1Ye renew ot tho 

Ale 1D t.ho upUODed utter and eu"tai t. to · tho IM'oau 1D Ule Dell' . , 

tuturo a .-q repcn't re0ect1zl& all into~ t.SDn contained iD . tho f'Ut>a wbertdn there art> indie&ticM ot Oo-.uniat ooat.rol or ·. iDlllllllOO SJl tho adldniatraUOD Of tlto lli&hlandlr Jlblk 8choolo · · 

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'fou are lllao requested to r1p0rt. thoeo s.ndi;,.tiona of.,.. ,,..;,,:.--

Oomlln1at att111ati.ons or oonnect!Dr.a 011 the pet. o.t U.ia School 

and t.hoae 1nd1ndlals roeponBit.l.e .ror 1h ,_,nsat.raUoa. · , .. . . --~"' .. . ... - ~ ... --- .. /'-.. J' 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF I 

1'\:)rJD No. 1. ' . 

THIS CASE 0"1GINATa> AT KNOXVILLE. fENNESSEB 

ftiiPOitT MA- AT NRIOD POit IIQPOitT ~ 11Y 

WH1CHM4~ .. 

Birmingham. Alabama 8-18-4.2 J 8/f/4.2. 

eiii.iiAenii: UP' GAiii . . ... 

... , ,4_ ., _- -~·?:-.·;_.-~ . -:--

. ~i!BR1w. SECURITY ~ Co .' . _;·f.' ·.: 1_,: ;;_ 

· . ..:p ~ .... :-.. ..-----.-,. ..... -~-

HIGHLIJiDER FOLK SCHOOL • < • 

.• . . .I 

REFE.'l.ENCE a 

DEIAILSa AT BIRliiNGIWl, .&IABAll&a 

telephone call to 

ascertained that 

and that he res1des.at the 

;;_ -~ i 

I·_·~-~ ~~m ~· .. ~I ~:.--- '1 ~"'<. ~ . I 

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,f2~-~ i "!:1;- ,_. ,-; • '• :: o I ;::: , ... 

A check of the indices of the Birmingham Fielci ll,iinnon .· 

ns -de 'With negative results. Confiden~a~ '· ,_:, 1 whose identities are known to the ~,e_e.u, · , . to communist or subversive activit~es~ the 

ne,ga1~~re result•·· ·, .. : -,_ ,,.,,,;· · ~: · .. <: 

: .. ~ .. -f 

.r.·- - --1 

'J-1:0 ,· . .i ' ~·\'. 

..,. ____ ...,. ---- -···-... ,.. ___ --·~--..--~---~-·--------

, .

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4-750 12-7-79) (! 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

/dicated, explain this deletion. 

r£ Deleted under exemption(s) 4? L ', .J-7 p with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

D lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

------------------ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

?agc\8! withheld for the following reason(s): 

~ .For your infonnation: 

~he following number is to be useq for reference regarding these pages: 

t, 1-1$"1/- J(}tj ~ -p· 

'. ·: ' . ._ " 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE(Sl ~ 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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1"111/00.J 
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Director 

p p 

J:.rberal 8ur.rau of lnuntigatiou , •nibil •tat.ra ll.rpartm.rnt of JWitiU 

63S Federal Building 

Louisville, Kentucky 

August 22, 1942 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

·.,ashington, D.C. 

Dear Sirt 

On AuGUst 20, 1942, Special Agent41111111111Jof the Knoxville 

Field Div~ion telephonically advised that a review of the file 

captioned \sllr:ighlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenneuee," 

r~Vl'als the Knoxville Field Office b in need c£ additional 

coverage at the next session of this school, to be held commencing September 1, 1942. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE a/~ejr;<l- BYo)"~BTwJ~ 

Very truly youra, 

Ll/(~ 

d'u-s- '.:""" K. l!OSS 

HXl.!ted 

S~cial Agent in Charge 

'·i~CORDE.IJ 

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. COl'rElS DEiTRO~ -

r,l'; AP>1 2!1 1961 

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AUG 25 1942 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~eleted ~nder exemption(s) _.J="--~?-~12""--------------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 

0 

/ 

lnfoml8tion pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

lnfom1ation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

uu..curuwt(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forwarderl to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

--------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

~c adYised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

·age\~' wJUdH;:iU for the following reason(s): 

,i vr :• our infonnation: 

[ >j ·rhkfoyo;n?"s/J i~ I r~ reference regarding these pages: 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

I DELETED PAGElS) X 

NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/DOJ 

·- ~ ---.. , ... -~----
f . 

z:ooo!Ja·~ ~~m rou ,,'.'_&::tf~1:~ . · .. · . • - • ·-' < ;.• ' :-: '. ~' ,, . 'lbe Jl1abl.an48r Folk ScboO'l 1daiola • 

. betlreen. JlODt;;Ji~_, 'l'~~me•-• Uld 'l'l'eq C:LtT I 'lC'!·A~• tMDded eiD .. ·._ ... 

1.and donated br LWJU J~. ~ :0. 1A 1!11)2. lb-. ~~ caae to Jl011t· oe11de 

the earl,T 1920ra at 'llh1oh t.iM abe 8bmre4 a ereat ·deal' et ~;"1Jl the ·~-illdti':'·if 

of Suaertield, · Tcmuaee~ 11hich S.. looated. TW7 111&1' llonteagle, upeo1alJT . acbool .,-.t• and the publio health ot the c~v. She Rll elected to the Cotiitr''l 

Board or Bduoaticm ad a0011 lHio ... eha1rua ot. \lad~ . .._- wu Yez'T'~ -.4>~f .. ,. 

1

. ~ .... ·&sted 1n the lfOMn'a Cbriat.ian 'l'aperanoe lJDiaa Uld att.e.pt.ed t.o the 

prirlleged elua of people_ 1lbo resided in~ Co11111;7e · . · ... ··•. ·· .. 

fi ~~,r~'·''i"' .)(A;.L 1 
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Socialist Party of national prominence, such 1181 IICIIJWI THCIIAS, lll!:tlB.OOU> · 1 

RUBUHR, STEiUIRT CHASE, and KIRBY PAGE. It was &leo backed by the Amalgamated 

Clothing Workers of America_, and the school baa aJ:ways drawn approldlli&.te~ ··•· -

on-third of its funds trom the Amalgamated Bank of lew York, Wbich 1a Olin~!!.- '' ·· and controlled lly the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of .A.IIIerica._':' ~".<-~:-:_ · -_,:,';:.t!l~"·; 

,-,.; -·- ' .... '.' -~~X- ~. ~;~-"'<: .. : ,._.~-:· ~ _'.'· ~-'-'._,. 

AD!S AND PURFQSES OF THE SCHOOL · ' :.• . ,. . ' - '" .. · ; --_. . -. ·-'( • .:·_. ·· ..... ~:··.- -/~:.::· ::·: .. _i'<:~~~;-·- .<:'"' 

-In a pamphlet published b:r the Highl&nder Folk School 1 t " · ·· . is stated that the school was fOUDded •to provide an educational center 1n :-- - · the South for the training of rural and industrial lea4ers and_ tar th:e C()Doo -;, 

servation and enrichment o! the indigenoua cultural values or 'the mountsins.• 

Activities o! the school have been primarily iri the education of labor organizers~ 

The school conducts two six weeks• courses per ysar, !mown 118 the spring and 

.fall terms. At these sessions, workers who have been selected by their various 

wrl.ons are given courses in history, economics, union publicity, parliamentary 

law and public speaking, dramatics, and are taught. how to organize a union., . conduct union meetings, present grievances, how to call and organize strikes, " 

and to effectively bargain with employers. .; · "'· --- · r,•~,.;; 

The school also conducts a nursery Cor !arm and workers• 

children and sponsors a lending libl'&ry, conducts what is known aa a writer• a_, 

workshop, gives square dances, _and endeavors to help and gain the confidence 

or the community surrounding the school. In this connection it has on occaaions 

held rummage sales, aided in obtaining liPA sewing projects, and encouraged 

handicraft work in the ccmnuni ty. · '' · · · " -' ··- · , · · --

- . ~-. 

-· The Highlander Folk School also conducts an extension pro-o 

grem by sending various members ot ita faculty to any .union who asks for their 

services to help them put on a drive for nsw membership or to more effectively 

. bargain for wage increases and better working conditions• ·. . _, _ .' 

ATTACKS )lADE a; THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL .. ', -~- :_._ 

When the Highlander Folk School first moved to Monteagle,·: 

Tennessee, JllLES HORTON aiJd the rest ot the Highlander Folk School starr were 

introduced to members of the community b;r nr. ·LILLIAN JOHNSON, who asked that' 

they help them in their endeavors. The Highlander Folic School star.f tor tbe_ · 

most part are well educated individuals who seem to have a sincere desire to 

help the people of the South. In this co!J!lection they strongly followed th(j · 

Soc1alist,..Collllllll1list United Front Program ot the early 1930's• Most -or the , <+ ?~Qture passed out by the school at that time was or a Socialistic nature. 

In connection ll'ith their program, however, they soon developed a theory or . . - .. ~;~_ ~ ~ ... --..-..:---~-

' • 

2 

' 
' 

:::--~: - t .... 

<if~- ~~ '• 

(', 

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I 

using Jllilitant labor strikes 1D an ettort to sol1dif)r the 1Rirbrs h a _ ....... .,..- -

cODDRoli ca.use and to impress upon them the neoesli'tf of or&a.nising 1D or.S.I' ~~[~c~ 

to gain the powr!! ot -~r!!e h thit oonneot1on the aobool 1aeued pap~,_; 

entitled• "Why 'We Weed the Union.• 'lbeee pu.phl.ete .tAte that there l• · ·;_ >· < 

al-:r• a oontliot between labor and capital and th&t what ie cOod .tor·w ._, __ ;::~-: 

-gem!lnt and capital auat of ueoeeai~ ~'bad t'o~- U,bo~·-~. ;._·,)i- /:.~(~ .. : (~.;,.~-,~~-

)lau;y ot the striDe that were either called by or sup-_ : ~- . ported by members of the faculty or the Ei&blander Folk School in 'the 19S0'• 

-re oalled on lnduetrie•• which beoau•• ot the depre111ion wre not 1D a -~, 

position to a.ooede to the labor•• dema.nd. and sinoe the wgrkera ...,re in II() - · ·• · _,.._,...,.,.A ... ..,.--" 1 ,... ... +""•" .. ,.. ,. •• duP1.,,. a nPn-b-a'eb!td aUllre i:.Mir efforia WBN . .t"".,,_..,..,vu - •-•- ....__ --c.-• --~- c--~---~-- ----- ---- ------- ·--

in many oaaee unauooe .. tule fhua the Highlander Folk School &ai!led the e!lllity 

oi beth the local oaamunity and the o!IIJIP&Ilies wbioh they oppoaed. · . • , ,· .: ~ .·J! ' -·_ . t:. I ' •' , ..... t;..,_-: .. ~ '' ··-- .. ' , .. --~'""1:·- .. ·:,- :· __, ,. 

the Highlander Folk School was al1o 'lnltrumental iii organistBc 

the Workers Alliance 1D Grundy County• which wae later declared by its Presi• · · dent and Seorete.ey. DAVID LASSER and BERBER1' BENJAJlDI• to be controlled by the 

CQmlllunbt Pa.rty. In connection with the Workers .Uliano•• lttiES llOR1'0H, .t.UIBS 

DOMBROIISII• and the Highlander Polk School faculty encouraged the _lit-4oa 

strike at lfontcagle, renne:see. in Febr'..l!-'7 ot 1939. t'hie etrike •• O!!.f! ot 

the factors wbioh brought the growing resentment of the OOI:IIIUllity to a head 

and which brought into prCIIIIinenoe an or&anbation lal011:t1 aa the Grundy County 

Cruae.dera who bitterly oppoaed the aohool and -de enry et'.f'ort ·to drift 4.i; ••· ~ , 

tram the community. -, · ,, ·· d -•/:· ·: ~ ~-. E ~--~~: :·_ £:_::·~ .z._ _.. : ~~ _·, · .. ~-cv-: ~- ... ~ .... :"'~'~:·': # 

- ' ., · · !he Gnmcl.y County Cruaadera wre hea~d by c. IL. 1tlLBT . 1 -·. __ . 

who acted in the capacity ot secretary.· The Bighlander Polk Soh09l had alre&q-, 

. been under tire from the American Legion in Chattanooga and -• oppoeed by \.:.,.·,,-' -"-"-"'-~- 5.J..U.LD""'4A "-......... 4o.\.- WMII' W"'&&IM""""•"I --•• ......... ... ·- 'l...a.ll_,. loP'IIII' ........ • A .,.., •A"'I"'oA, ...... ..,..,., _.., ..--.. ... 

...... - aft,..l'lttl"-,-" __ ...,..., __ gv- _.,....,.,_i .+.-....-4-

d.runkennen. and imaorality. llre KILBY• oapitali&ing on this lll feel inc#-~ 

eeoured YILrioue att'idavita and resolutions .from indhiduala and orga.nir.ations 

who were williDg to put 1;hemael ves on record ae denouncing the Highlander .. · 

Folk School and ua .. ed a great deal of material 1D an effort to eecure · · · 

legialati't-e action in the atate oourta which would oauee a· revooation o.f' tbe 

school oh&rter and drift it from the community. fo this end• resolutions . 

were pa.esed b;y the Se-• Lodge Number 405 o.f' the Froe and .Accepted llaeone~ 

by tho Grundy County Eduoational Auooiation. by the BILkers and Cocl'eotionary 

liorkera Local iumb•r 20., Zraey City, by various Amariea.n Legi._ Po&tl, and 

u1 a ~ocal branch o.t the United ~ Workere located at P&lmer• Tennessee. - . . . 

Atf'ida.vita wore obtained from twenty odd persona liviJIC · ·• 

in and near lo!onteagle who stated that they had attended the Highlander Folk 

School or been &ffected by the school 1D some -:r· These affidavits were tor 

t j 

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the aoat part o~noerned with atatementa aade b7 BORTCII or J)(I(Blla!Bn ... ·· ....;.i._ . the ottoot that thef ftre either Ccwmmhta or tawred the Bnniu fora .ot ~,:., ., 

goni'ZIUnt or adTOoated rewlution. Joue of theae atateaenti, bnllwr •. ·:'-.t'rt'~·> 

oould ct.tinitalf be placed to •peoil'io tS..• DOr oorroboratad b7 a4dit10Jial " . teatiao~. The ata.tementa &lao oontai.Ded reterenou to peraona h&Ti.nt ob-' ' •. · aemd either the ba=Mr or dokle or a. nd .flat at the aollool Q4 be!D& . , . , ~· 

forced to ghe a :auuian aalute and dnt Ru .. ian •Ont•• An enmdnation' ",:: .. ~, · .. these affidavits indioate that they were in all probabil11;)' diotated b7 c. · :.· 

K. ULBY and that the peraona mak1ng them were irreaponaibloe !he affidavit& 

do» h011ever, contain statements that BILL JIAl!LOft' and Jl!LES HCS!l'OJr adwoated , 

and attempted to organise a local chapter of the YoU!!& COIIIIIIUI1bt ~. ;_. ·• ·~ ~ . " ... .,.- ' ·1'· ,,_ 

In the early tall ot 19&9 JOBI JI:DOUGAL BURNS, a reporter,. 

~"r the Jfashville Te1111ea1eal!. newspaper, visited the Highlander Folk School :. . . 

tor approximately 01111 week at whioh time he alao .lked with reai,dento 111 ~ .·z,., . oOI!IIIIuni ty in an ef'tort to determine Whether the aohool •• COIIIIIUI1iltio or · I ' • • 

C011111unht controlled. BURNS reported that a !he Higllander Folk 8ohool · ii ·.··~ ... 

the center tor apreading Communist dootriuea iD thirteen 1outheutern atateaa · • · 

that oonneoted with its leaderahip are peraona 1lho ban either been ohar&ed '. ·: 

with being COIIIIJI\Ulhte or who ban been linked definitely with lloaovq ito.;,\· ,. 

f&c\01 ty apreada Communi111111 approna this Red doctrine, and aenda ita alllllllli 

into labor organbationa where they maintaili oontact with their al.Jn& a&ter 

and spread ita teaohiliga over a wide are&f holds oonterenoea at the aohool 

between regular aeuiona where it teacbea COI:IIIUI1ilt theoriea to labor leaden. . 

and otherBJ it haa uaed G~ County u a laboratory and organised t1» .. ; . · · .. ' 

<>orkera Alliance, staged etrikes» elected the oount)' aberitt, and intendl :~ .. · · 

to pin control of the oount)' aohool •Y••• it b recognized by State~;. · 

:r.uniat Headquarter• in Jl&shville and among ita guesta are !llaiiT Latthto ·or c.'t. c }' . 

·national reputation, inoluding CUFFORD ODE'l'S, the playwright, and Am.· · ·~ '· 

LOUISE S1'RClliG1 editor of the Koaccnr Da.ily Una. in Soviet Rueda tor aneral · 

yo&riJ it has kept iii olose touoh with C0111111omrea.lth College, Jlena., Arkanlaaf · 

it distributee Communiat literature, inoluding the Daily WorkerJ it ia the . 

aource of epJ.&Ja~ tor use. by •progreasin labor groupe•, the playa ilioludinC 

Communht propaganda; the •chool with ita controlled County ot GZ'UIIdy ael"fttl :. 

u a olinio for labor problema, giving inatructiona on strike methods, ot · 

cetera, but not overlooking these turther opportunitiea to spread the Leftist 

dootriuea · • . ·-~·· '">·· ... ·· ; f" t.S:· . 

• · A complete review of the articles writeen by BURNS in- · ~ · 

, ... cates the.t be has no basis on whioh to base these conclusions unlesa ho · · ~ considera that the pressure brought by union leaders, Llftist intelleotuala, 

s.nd various r&dioal labor factions who were organizing labor in the South : 

and participating in the United Front Movement were all affiliated with the 

membera of the CoiiDlluniat Party and that the entire United Front and labor i 

programs were Communist doctrines. 

~ I 

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Ji:~ 

1 

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(·( ) 

(\., 

v 

-'!" ·. ,. ·.:-._ ~ : -~ : • . 

• ·• :• ., ~··· ',. • ' · ., · · The Highlander Folk School also applied tOr a .. t7 ,ooo ;, ( :,!', : . , 

subsid;y i'l"CIII the Federal governmant which had bean granted b,- the. gov~ ·.: •: :. ·: 

ment but was held up b,- Gove:mor COOPER of Tennessee pending in _investigatioD · by JACK SCANDLIN, Inspector of the Tennessee Hi~ Patrol.. · Inspector . ·. • ·,·.: 

SCA,.'IDLIN also reportsd that the Highlander Folic School waa controlled b,- CCIII- . : 

munists and spreading CCilllll1lilist doctrine·s, however, he had no e'ridence tO.·_,,: )c. 

back his findings. . SCANDLYN in his report placed a great ·deal of stress on 

:1Jm.orality surrounding the school, stating that the students believed~ , ···c 

free love and drank to excess. : . . • . . . · . , · _ .: . ' .. · . . , _- .. :~~- -~ --~ > r~-~-- .. ~ ..... The file of the Highlander Folk School alao ~tains 

numerous newspaper clippings flocm the Chattanooga and NashVille papers 1lhich · 

.:.:: • ..u..:<>te that the school waa to be investigated b,- the Dies COI!IDittee, however, there is no information in the file which ~uld indicate the r~sults 

of the Dies Camnittee's inves_tigation it, in f~t, one was made. ·· · 

'· ' :, r .. 

,ls a result of the caii.solldating or all these reports 

into the hands of the Grund,y County Crusaders, together with material which .. 

was collected by them, there was a proposed march on the Highlander Folk 

6chool by the Crusaders at llhich time it was planned that the members of' ..... · 

the faculty be forcibly ... ejected trcm the county. On November 131 1940, a 

lll.U·.,i, or. the Highlander Folk School was avertsd by holding a meeting of the 

representatives of the Grund;y County Crusaders and members. of the facul.'V · ··· 

in a session held at Sewanee University. At this time the Grund;y County 

Crusaders hurled accusations at the Highlander Folk School, stating that it:·. 

""'" a "hot bed of COI!IIIunism.• JAl!ES DOl!BROWSKI, Highlander Folk ScbDol '\·: ,: .... faculty 1 answered !or the school and explained that the aichool waa pur~ ; ' . 

. a labor school and stated that in the event that the Crusad!!rs could prOYe. 

t.~e school was CCIIIIIIIunistic that it 110ul.d immediately move i'l"CIII the county. 

The GI'UilCly County Crusaders, however, were unable to produce &117 evidence 

wilicil would indicate that the school wa11 controlled b,- the CCIIIIIIIunist Party. 

Th'DICATIONS OF COlAIUNIST CONTROL OR INFLUENCE IN rHE AmliNISTRATION OF 1'BZ 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL · .·' 

~-·-'" _,_,.._ ·~' ' .' .. ' ( ~ ·• ~-·. 

··.· . -"" - " .. 
•• ~ ~-: ·.'ll 

~7~- ~ .~ 

,. ,..,.._. • ... . JI. ' I 

______ -.f'' --- -----~---"~---

(_: (J 

w_~'J' , .;~~-- _.~;.~~~~~~anrl:~n ~- ~~:..ti.; ~:- ~~-;-:·-i~~:?:·:~. _J - .... -. -- ------ ·-·------ -~---~. -_ ----- .,..··: ... '["'-""'" r 

• :. J_ • ~ 

scholarship to study abroad lind iB reported to have extensi~ in Europe;_ ': · In 19.31, WEST was active in the COIIIIIIUJlist Party in Atlanta in connection • ·.:. -•'· J 

with the Angelo Herndon cue. WEST later founded 8Dd 11J.8 _& director in the . ·. :. · Southern Folk School at Iennesau,- Georgia. WEST was reported by JIICBUL·· ~' ~.- .··;. >,_ 

GOLD in an article which appeared in the Da1l.;y Worker to be a J'OUDi mounta:Uieer 

poet who became revolutio01117 and studied l4arx and Lenin tor the purpose ot 

organizing negroes and white farmers in Georgia. 'lEST was also active in .. the .Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Kentuck;T. •. - · · , .· • '--· · - - • .. -. . -.- "• ' 

'lEST returned to Georgia in November, 1940, where he 

snent a vear as a congre~Jdj~Dn•l minister in Ja:eansvill.e, Georgia, resign- _ 

_ ing in September, l9U. · C'~"- • J-" . , ,;:f''tIU.LCOU! CHISHOIJI:, a charter member of the school, was 

kill.ed fighting for the Spanish Loyalists. (Report o! Special Agent -

--~~ 12-.30-41 at Knoxville 1 Tennessee). 

ZILLA. HAwEs· 8iias Eliz&betll Hmnis; ·also· a: charter Jllelllber -/ · 

of the Highlander Folk School, was !mown to be an org&nizer !or the Amalgamated ~- Cl.otr1'1f \Vo:rkers of America and a member of the Socialist Party at the time i 

she jo:Uled the staf! of the school. She later married FRANZ DANIEL, also an 

organi:er for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers o! America, and ,... a leader j :Ul ma.•v militant both in and in North Carolina. 

. no other evidence or corrcQorated by ."h -'~ ~ . -'' . ... . -

. JAl!ES DOIIBROWSKI was also a charter member or the High- .·'.i · .. 

lander Folk School and a faculty member ot the school until the Spring ot --

1942 when he resigned his position to become secretary tor the Southern Conference 

tor Human Welfare 1l'i th headquarters at 202 Presbyterian Building, :Nashville, · 

Tennessee. Ja:~ of the affidavits which are on tile in the Knoxville P:l.eld · 

Uiviaion contain statements that ~ROWSKI had expressed himselt as being in 

sympathy with the Russian !Dl'fll. o! government, that he thought that revolution· 

was :inevitable and that the - · 

reported to be a 

sa·m"' mankind and has been particularl;v interested in helpin& 

southern labor and attempting to improve working and living conditions in the 

South. There is no indication that he would bllndl;v !ol101r the Communist Party 

linP.s or that he is influenced by any foreign power. 

l!YLF.S HORTON, a founder and present director of the Highlander Folk School. has stated that he was a Socialist. but he later forsook 

t''"' Succlalist Party to devote his interest to labor and has on man;r occasions 

6 

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. -,, · .. 

professed an intense dislike for the COIIIIIIUlists, stating that they JD-. ~-:•--> ,.,_ filtrate into labor unions and choke and strangle them by neglecting the·-~ ,,_._H_ 

primarJ' interest ot labor to further the eDda or the Communist ~arv. ~~:.:.~_l.j•. c 

that the Communists also incur the wrath of politicians and law enforc ... ~'.'' ·, ?· ::,o"· . ment agencies and proVide excuses for attacks on 1abor organisaticma~ -· · ' '· ' 

¥YLES HORTON has been veq careful during his ~stration at the Higbl•nder · 

Folk School to keep CCIIIIIIUiliat. propaganda and Ccanmist clmtrol-- trail ~ .: ;:r. ·- ··_· 

1ng in the sc:oo_ol program. _, ~: 'i ;:: •· _ . __ .. . .. ·. ·:. _ -: -~· ~-~;~ <~~:1·~~\'1;: ._ >S::\ __ . Kost of the labor leaders 1n Tennessee endorse the High- · 

lander Folk School and etate that .it is through HORTCII•s infiuence that the . ;;>,<-

COIDIIIUiliat.s have been unsuccessful in their attempts to obtain control of \be- · · 

school. . 

The files of the Inoxville Field DiVision contain verr .• ·_ ,_ little information concerning RUPERT HAKPTON, the >remaining charter member-· · ··•.r;-

of the school. ·The information that is available indicate that he was a "-\ · radical labor leader, and was active in the school tor only a short period-,. 

of time,. • • · .:_. 

OTHER FACULTY lr!EUBERS 

lriLLI.UI BUTTRICK attended the College or the City or 

Nashville and Duke University, where he was known to be an extreme J.iberal --:.· ... 

and very sympathetic toward the working claas or people and the southern 

farmer. BUTTRICK was at one time a teacher in the Camnomrealth College at . Mena1 .Arkansas. There is DO indication that he was a member or the Cammunist. _ 

Part;v. BUTTRICK died at the Highlander Folk School in the earl:;v part of 1942. ·--_ ! •, • '¥ • ~~~\ ,' ",' 0 0 0 • • ~.,:,.v.. • '""'·.: 

LIDN WILSON, librarian at the Highlander Folk School, - _ ....... ~.--'L _.._ ____ .. _ '---·~-- .&.\...-~., .. _.._ ... __ ..~ __ 'Ill-.. ,_ t::~-'"'--"'·- ----- '"'-- ---- a.L linougn ISW"Ollg.LT gacJa.ng "Wle nJ.gn.~.euu .. u:sr .ru.&.A ~u.Qu.a.· D .P"-uts.eam1 "~ ua-w~DAbeen known to be a member of the Communist Party. WILSON recentl:;v e:zpressed 

himaalt as being a conscientious objector to the present war. 

l!ARY LA11RENCE1 LOUISE PIC!Do!AN and LOUISE CONKLING,· ~trice secretaries from Duke University, Passer College and Overland College, respectively, have never been known to be members of the. Communist Party. Of these ·· · three llARY LAWRENCE was b:y far the most militant and has been actively engaged 

in ma.cy strikes in East Tennessee during one of lihich she -was shot in the leg. 

She was also an active participant in the sit-down strike which was held b:y the 

"''" workers who were members of the Workers llliance at Tracy City in February 

of 1939• 

ZILPHIA HORTON, wife of J.!YLES HORTON, spends most of her 

time in nursing schools and working -with the women and children in Konteagle 

7 

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• \--_"-< •• ·-· : •••• • • • • : ,.,,., •• ~ ~'~ -·-"~~ •• •• •• - '7'" ~- -_.· . ,. ' 
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~~~ !..· "7:-...--::~-' 

C'( _. 

and the surrounding community in helping them 1n handicraft and do:lng _ .. , - \'. 

research in folklore, Her beliefs 11ost.JJr parallel those other_~~. --,•!..{ .. ,.~ 

lo!YLES BORTON. _ _ ' - • __ _ __ -;.. ·· < __ . -: .. . _ ·.:- : .-}~.>~:!_~·.l:':,;::t;_~< . CLlUDI.l LEWIS, director ot the Nursery School• -hae· :":~."':~ ' _ never been known to be a 1118111ber of the Ccmmunist Party. -JANE .AI.Llf8, t~ ~- _ ·.. · secretary, Flint, llichigan, took a very emal.l active part in the activities--_ · >: 

G!:the school. and was not belJ,eved to be ·Gonnected with ·_the· CCIIIIIND1et ~.art.r•:- 'P' ._ 

One o! the most active members of the faculty in the 1930's was RALP!t· · • -- ·- • · · · TAFFERTELLER who was reported to be a m11i tant strike agitator md leader;.-- ·.:;,~ _ . Other members of the faculty served at the echool tor brief periods of -tille; -. '-/ 

consequently nothing was known about their activities, however, reports ~ 

other Field Divisions indicate that they are Liberals but not known to be_ 

COIIDDunists. 

:. " . 

:.:EMBERS OF EXECUTIVE BOARD ===::....:;:_===c:=:..::::.=:; -·.· -- '7" __ -o~ ,. . •. :;,.. ,~-- --_,_.~ ~,-.~--:;:?-·>:~;(-~\ 

The Executive Board of the Highlander Folk School for ·-

the years 19.39 and 1940 was composed of AlBERT BARNETT, Professor of Old~ : 

Testament literature at Scarritt College; )(iss LUCY RANDOLPH KASON, Southern 

Publicity Representative of the CIO; EDWARD F. CALIJ.GHAN, Vice President of 

the American Federation of Hosiery Workers; GEORGE TITLER, Secretary, District 

1.91 United Jtlne Workers; W.T LYNCH, Representative of the American Federation 

of Hosiery Workers; ROY REYNOLDS, President ot Chattanooga Printing Pressman 

and Assistants Union; _ALTON LAlllmJCE, Southern Representative of Labore NanPartisan League; PAUL CHRISTOPHER, Executive Secretary of the Tennessee State -· 

Industrial Union Council; BERNARD BORAH, Southern Representative of the_ ~: . 

Amalgamated Clothing .Workers of America. . , •· · - _- -.- · -'- __ ~; ,-~·· _, 

_ ':·:< . Of thea-:; members oriJ:i • ·ALTON LAWRli11CE an~ B~ BORAH · f . .were considered to be affiliated with Communist activities. -BOR!H left the 

Amalgamated clothing Workers of America i&nd became an organizer for the United 

W.Oe 'l'orkersa In the recent break between JOHN L. LEWIS and the CIO, BOR!B 

forsook the United Mine Workers of America and is presently receiving iDstructions for a cOIIIIDissian in the u. s. Artq. 

' J, ~ 

: ALTON LAWRENCE is n~ ·an organizer for the International 

Union of l[ll1 Kine and Smelter Workers. LAWRENCE is a close associate of 

ROBERT HALL, Secretary of the_ Cam:rnmist Party tor the State of Alabama, and . . .. , _ 

recently introduced Communist resolutions and tried to exert Coiiiii1Inistic · _ · 

influence at the Stete Convention of the Tennessee State IndUetrial Council 

8 

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\' ~· · ·· · · . :··;_.::: ~:.;: ~~;~::t::~~;~'1~tY:~.:, Recent additions to the Executive CouneU are· 80B '~"-!·\ ·. ·. ·. 

DOBBS of the Chattanooga Central. Labor Union, HOLLIS REIQ, LegislatiTB . -•.• • -:": '. · Representative of the Railroad Brotherhood, LEiriS JONES ~ Fis)c Univarsit.,';·' ·,:·:-·;" 

GEORGE IIAYHEW, Vanderbilt Universit7, and F. C~ PIEPER, Loui11laDa CIO '-~~;..,,..,;;..? 

Regional Director. Of these additions JOE DOBBS has been reported:to'be ·•. ·:~ . . · 

active in the Camnunist Pa.rt,- at Chattanooga for the past four or tiw ·• '.•: :·~==.-.·· 

years while the others are known to be Liberals but not knmm to be connected :. 

with the Camnunist Party. · 

SOURCE OF FUNDS 

- _.,.. ····- . .- ' .-~--~-. :::..,. . 

The school operates on a budget cit appro:dmat~ :::;; \ 

$12,000 per 7ear of which one-third comes from the bank account maintained 

.in the Amalgamated Bank or New York, the source or which is unknown but 

believed to be from various benefits and concerts sponsored by the High-; ·. 

lander Folk Sehool in Washington and New Yorlc Cit,.. Another one-third is 

derived . fran various foundations and prominent educators and poll tical 

leader§.] among llhich are the w. c. Whitney Foundation, Robert )(arshal_ ;__ 1 

Founaition, Jolm Hammond, lL\LTER FRANK, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT and :uARY C~ 

The balance or the contributions comes from various Liberals, labor Jmions, :·. ,. 

front organizations, and persons interested in labor. )(ost of t.heee : -~ < ··: 

latter donations are or $10 or less. The total number of contributors 

iB ap~roximately five hundr~ed_ persons•:,<: ·;: ', . ". ,:- '::,_"~· ,;· ·}"',:· ··--:·.;,.~, 

INDICATIONS OF Cow.ruNIST INFLUENCE m THE PROGRAll OF THE SCHXli. :·- ";:;:).'' · 

· .1 stucl,y of the program or the Highlander Folk School >. "·.,. 

indicates that the school followed the COIIIIIIun1.st Part7 line to a certain ' · 

degree. The school was organized at a time llhen the COIIIIIU!lists and Socialists 

had a program for united front organizations tor persons llho were die- . ·'' :L · 

l!latis!ied with the countcy's political and economic condition!!!. J.t the <.,,,: 

time that the Co11111unist Part7 advocated the policy of the United Front .' '" · 

Program, it is impossible to determine how much infiuence the Part7 exerted· · over the school. · · · .. ,.,r· · ; -. :., 

l'he members of the Highlander Folk School starr 

~ ~- vu.,:;.; backed front organizations such as the Southern Conference lor 

Human Welfare and the Tennessee Conference for Democracy, and individual : ..... 

members were active in Labor's Non-Partisan Leasue, Southern Negro Youth 

Congress, and many other organizations. At this time the school was a 

meeting place for various persons who were emplcyed by the Tennessee Valle,r 

Authority at Knoxville, Tennessee, and was frequently visited by such 

well-lmown Communists as ROBERT HALL or Binllingham, Alabama, and TED WET.Ill&N 

of Chattanooga, Tennessee. In Monteagle during this period there was farmed 

a Young CoiiDUfiist League ehapter. 

9 
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._ ........ ,, -· ,,.:;.~;. 

v, J 

' :.." 

., """'-" 

,-:- .. ·' ~ 

--

t-:.. 

t ''t 

...... ,:tj 

c··----~~ --~· ~-~----· .. · 

(: 

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. ,. :. ._ ... 

. . . - . ' .-. .. ·-. .;. :_ ~,....:. 

c -. • wn.LIAU KAR.WW1 an uneducated farmer in )(Qotei&le,·.: , '•·:.C., 

Tennessee, was an elector for EARL IIIIOWDER in the Presidential campai&n ~-t't~-~' fd 19,36. 1'he Workers Alliance was formed in llonteagle by the Higblant!G',;.., eS:_, 

Folk School and the mlli tant atrike policy advocated by the CCIIIIIINI11sta .-. > · ~·~ < . for 'the purpose of organizing labor was adopted by the school. It -. · ·• ... ,.\' 

during this period that JAliES DOliBROWSKI and liiLES HORTON were repoi-ted -:- _;"<!: . -. have been seen with Young COIIIIIIUiliat Leilgue earda in their poa_seslliCil and ·!"".;·: ·' . -· 

to have made statements 'llhich woul.d indicate their sympatb,T for the Ruesian _ • · fOl'lllofgovernment. - · .. -. __ :·.-- ---- _:~- :· ::_ .-:~_- ·_ ··';· 

With the signing of the German-Russian Bon-AcPest~ ~:_,­ Pact when the cOIIIIIUiliat Party line shifted tram collective preparedneas to . - denouncing the war as iJIIperialiatic, there was little change in the progrua - --

c~ the Highlander Folk School. JUlES DOJ.!BROWSKI, however, was reported to <- ·_. . 

have affiliated with the American League tor Peace and Democracy, whlle ,· ,-, ·_ ,:7'"• 

MYLES HORTON denounced the war as iJIIperialiatic• The school at the present . _ .,_. time ia atrongly backing the illl-out war effort, but was not strontL,- ~ · ' ... 

·•ocating aid to Britian and Russia atter the entr,- ot Rusaia into the war 

but before war was declared by the United Statea. 

Literature received by and distributed by the !U.ghla.'lder Folk School is a conglaneration or labor pamphlets and magazines, · -

~.:-c,;,alistic literature, and to sane extent Communistic literature •. The _ . Highlander Folk School has at no time passed out pamphlets ot the COmmunist· . 

, arty such as literature to tree _the Scottsboro llegroes1 protested t.be · -· ..;_ ---~-· "' 

deportation of Bridges1 tree EARL BROWDER, etc1 but has contented itself: .. ·: .• --

,._i th providing publications auch as Soviet Power, CCIIIIIJUilist Kanif'esto, arid_-".- ·"· < 

J i terature 'llhich presents the broad picture of COIIIDUilism rather than the-~ _ '·;. .. ·' 

.smaller turnings or the CCIIIIIJUilist Party line •. :. · : . . . , _. -;•: _.· .·· 

_!i2IDORSERS OF THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL - . · .. -· .. '' ; - '. \ 

·. . . . -· . -· ~;,"~ .. ::. ~ -; 

The Highlander Folk School bas been endorsed b7 Dr •. -- -- ':· :''· ,,_ ·, 

GEORGE s. cLUNTS, President ot the Alllerican Federation ot Teachers. JOHN J,~ :•.: .:y ~- '\ :-

Lf!.'WIS, President of the United l!ine Workers of America, JOHN DEWEY, JlARK ·_ . •. · • 

.STARR, Educational Director of the International Ladies• Garment Workers :·" <·f· .· U;-;ion, WILLIAM TURNBLAZER, Chairman1 Tennessee Industrial Union CouncilJ . . . '··--·. r.-~sident of District 191 United l!ine Workers, WILLIAl! lo!ITCH, Chairman, '.::-

1' '~ama Industrial Union Council; Southern Director1 Steel Workers Organir;ing 

"---:-.~ttee, EDWARD F. CALLAGHAN, Southern Director, American Federation ot 

Hosiery Workers, PAUL R. CHRISTOPHER, Secretar,y1 Tennessee Industrial Union _ _ _ 

Council, R. C. THOI4AS1 International President1 United Automobile Workers.··:· '• 

1;. A. ZONARICH, International President, Aluminum Workers of America, 

PAUL RAGON, Chairman, Chattanooga Industrial Union Council; Representative• ... ~71rJC 1 T. J. SlliTH, Tennessee CIO Representative, w. H. CRAWFORD, Chairman1 

10 

·-····--· ~--- "'>- ·--~ •• ,,..~-·-···-.,- •• -·• :-~---- ... _.,. ····- .. •••• 

. . 
('- '- _, -~ 

J.. 

·-~ -r'!'- '"! 

~~~ ' ",, ""A 

~r ! -~ 11 

• 

Birmingham Industrial Union Council, JOHN G~, llational President, In-.. _.,.,,~ ... - · - • 

dustrial Union of Karine & Shipbuil.ding Workers ot .berica, GEORGE BAill&I!Zl,:,. :., •.• 

Executive Vice-President, Textile Workers Union ot America, HERBERT w. PADJJ.' 

Director ~on Division, Textile Workers Union ot .America, PRlHZ DANIELS,· 

National OrglL'lizer, Amalgamated Clothing Workers, PHILIP VAN GELDER, Secretaey1 ' 

Industrial Union of Karine & Shipbuil.ding Workers, mlNK ROSENBLUII, Vic~ : ;: ·_.·. 

President, CIO; Organizational Director., .&.en, 'f. C. PIBPBR, Regional ~.JXL~'r·''.f- ~ · 

Director,· New Orleans, JOHN J. SCHULTER, Southern Director., United Retall It · .. 

'll'holesale Employees, REID ROBINSON, President, Kine, 11111 & Smelter Workers, :, ,· · 

E. L. SANDEFUR, No Co & So C. Director, CIO, !fORilAN Go TWIST, International' '· 

Representative, United Retail & Wholesale Employees, SHERKAN JlAT.RTVpLB, · '· 

National President, United Rubber Workers ot America. .. ,. 

At a Highlander Folk School benefit given on December. 

', ~:'!..0, the following-prcxninent persons were listed as sponsors: Jliss IWlY 

ANDERSON, Secretary and lfrso HAROLD ICKES, Hon. and lfrs. BENHAll BAllliiii, ,. 

Dro :U:ORDECAI JOHNSON, Justice end l!rso HWO BUCK, Jliss KATHRIN LEWIS, lfr. 

and Mrs. JOHN CARMODY, llrs. HOWELL l!OOREHEAD, Hon. and lfrs. JOHN COFFEE, ·lfr. 

and :Mrs. DUNCAN PHILLIPS, Hon. and llrs. JOHN COLLIER, Kr. and lfrs. GIFFORD 

{: 

FlliCHOT, Kiss HARRm ELLIOTT, llrso FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, Hon. and Jlrso LEE -, f \~~~ Kiss HILDA SMITH, Hone and llrso LEON HENDERSON, lfro and Jlrs. L. CORRlN ~ .. I '(HtL!M.;1 Mr. SIDNEY HTIU!AN, Dr. and llrso JOHN STUDEBAKER, Secretary and Krs. 

! C'QRDELL HULL, Hon. and llrse JERRY VOORHIS. ' · · · · ·· · _ . 

• ,._ ;_ •· •. - .• -·; .. , .. "' .... \' ·-••. · ...... -:: • .,.j.~__,_,.. _.·;-.-. '• 

At a concert by I'AOL ROBESON presented at Riverside 

c-,.adi1.llll1 Washington, D. c. an 1!q 101 1942, the following were listed as ;._-_.-. 

sponsors for the concerta Krs. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, Krs. AGNES H. STONE;·,,. 

; cs:ice and llrs. STANLEY F. REED, llrs. HWO L. BUCK, Jlrs0 FRANCIS BIDDLE, ~ 

Sc>1,a~or ABE lt.1JRDOCK1 lire and llrso ED'NAliD KEATING, lire J.AllES Be CAREY, Jlr•.: <.:r.t· 

,and Mrs0 GIFFORD PINCHOT, lire CLARENCE PICKETT, lfro FRED s. WALKER, Dre FRAN!:. 

P. GRAHAM, Jr!ro and llrso GERARD D. REILLY, llro l!AIJRY IIAVERICK, llro WALTER 

L'hJCE HOWE, Hon. THOl!AS H. EU.IOT, llro and Jlrs 0 J. R. FILIJ!AN, .l!rso KARl . 

;.;,::..;_;a;; BETHUNE, Jirsa GANSON PURCEll., llrs. CLARK FOR»WW1 llrs 0 CHARLES EDwARD . IlHLTTS1 llro and Jlrse CLIFFPRD J. DURR, llro and llrse DAVID Re WILL!Al451 Bono _ J. WARREN ~. llr. TELFORD TAn.oR, Lieuto BARRY Bm:l~, llro DAVID B. ;~ 

LILIEJJTHAL, lliss HILDA Sl!ITH, l!rs. DECCA ROiollo!ILY, and l4ro and llrs 0 KICHAEL , . :~~~:i...4.IUl:iT • 

'. 

.. ~. , . _;_· 

• A review of the Highlander Folk School IDe iD.dicatea 

that the school has deviated little fran its main program to educate and .... -.. 

tra~ labor representatives for labor organizing positions and to aid labor 

· .. ~an:zations in an educational program lihenever the school has been called 

u;,0n to do so, the main front organization backed by the school being the 

0o;;.th.;rn Coni'erence for Human Welfare. 

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. -~ .. ·--- ,,. ... ~_~ ... ,. 

:ro raise tunds tor the School JAl!ES OOYBROISKI ..ud .. ~ _,_;..,.,, 

J.!YL&S HORTON have spent a great deal ot time in the north trying to eDliat:··.·_;-:._:: · the aid or praninent educators and political figures. The school has ~- ~-,;; presented camnunity- programs and benefits 1n Monteagle in an -e!!ort to· .:.:.,, · 

gain the aupport ot the local citizens as well as to educate the perBCIIlll . -. -:, 

in .the surrounding camnunityo Although the school has been branded liiJ' -;;:-:;'" ~:~~.~. many as Communistic, there is very little indication o! Camnunistic 1D- _· ~- ': 

nuence while there is abundant indications that the schoo~ is liberal•···, -_- _: 

and radical and, therefore, opposed by Conservatives. . . 

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THIS CAst: OftiQINATm AT IIIOXVILLI. mNBSSBI 

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SYNOPSIS OF FACT'S: 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

- R 1J c -HEREIN 

~1~A Report or Bpec1al .&&ent 

elated July 9 0 19il2 0 at Oral~ 

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At Salt Lake Cltlo Utah . 

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FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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with no segregahle 

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D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L.....J Uocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

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Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

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indicated, explain this deletion.~ • 

~leted under exemption(s) ____ 7c__l-_-+/ __ ~-=:. __ 7 _ _.P"----- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Infomtation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

~ .lJocumenUb/ originating with the following government agency(ies) 

----------------, was/were forwarde'tl to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

·------ __ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

:----1 

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be advi"ed of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

i-'agels! withheld for the following reason(s): 

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CnraHLANDER FOLK scHOOL / ·6:11/ 

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INTEIUlAL SECmtiTY - C 

Synopsis: SUIIII!ler Session of Highlander Folk S9!:16o:L, 

,0~ DlSJ C1f' 

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Monteagle, Tennessee, held from to 

9-13-42, under direction of • 

Attended by 15' students, tobacco, 

sugar 1 textile and industries, 

Program of school consisted principa.l)J>' of 

discussions of union organization, racial 

problems in south, and labor problems. Names . of attending students, vieitors and faculty : 

set out. JAMEs"l~MBROVISKI, President, presentlY 

under leave of "~~ence to ser'le as executive 

secretary of the Southern ConferP.nee for Human 

Welfare, ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

• 

_ P _HEREI;~LASSIFIED J. ~ ]AJL BYSIJ!lJ.~ REFE!lEi'1CE:_ Report of Special· Agent ~dated December 301 

1941 at Knoxville, Tenne~C..... . 

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<.m•re were sellieJ~al BDUUJ. 

u well as It, camnunit7 lodge, 

'llhich a dining room for the students and faculty of the school. 

During the first week, there was ver,y little activitt at the school, due to 

the disappointing attend.ance, and late arrival of several of the students, as 

well as late arrival of several of the faculty members, who were allegedly 

attending a CIO Union Convention held in Chicago, Illinois; 

Each student attending Highlander was assigned certain duties 

various entertainm.ents were held durine the week, such as 

theater parties, folk dances, etc., held in the community house each night, 

with Russian music being playod almost exclusively. bserve~ that 

the policy of free love was a fully accepted doctrine at Highlander • . Prior to enrollment at Highlander Folk School, 

··~·11!!1•• through circulars and literature furnished by the school, that 

regular classes would be held at the school, dealing with union problems, 

economics, parliamentar,y law, and labor·. However, no regularly scheduled ~'lasses were htf, and only a few lectures were given by MARY LA::'RENCE, :l:."YYSS 

''O'l'I'ON and LEO 'III.SON, at irregular intervals. The few invited speakers t.hat visited tli school also contributed three or four lectures. 

4llllllllllllllhat not more than six lectures were held during the entire 

school session by the regular faculty at Highlander, these beinc hold in the ~venings and were in the form of a general as~cmbly. Tho lectures that were 

delivered covered general discussion of union organizations, the racial problem in the South, labor problems in strikes. In conn ction with the racial 

problom, it is int·eresting to note that L!l's. VIilG!rl , sister-in-law of 

Associate Justice BLACK of the United States Su~rem ourt, spent two weeks 

at the school, in the interest or' furthering and prOIII'Oting the school's interest in the racial problem throughout the South. 

Several round table discussions were held from time to time .. 

dealing with union problems, in which each student was callod ~lpon~o ·,. 

cuss tho labor situation in his or her particular locality or lant, · ~. 

strike tactics were dealt with. . HORTON mentioned the fact that the CIO had finally licked "BOSS" C mel 

the l!emphis situation, and now tho Hemphis Police Department"""was)t!'r'aid to . interfere; that CIO organizers in temphis now have a free rein71 In this ease, 

it was also noted in the Ninth A!1!'1Ual Report of the Hi!:;hlande;r Folk SchOQ!, 

for the year 1941~ an excerpt read as follO'II'S: ( . // 

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11 l.ID.!PHIS 

Memphis, Tennessee, long a black page in labor•s book, 

is another southern city where the workers are flocking into 

unions, after years of courageous strug~le against a corrupt 

city administration dominated by boss Ed Crump. For years 

it was almost a certainty that ~ CIO organizer entering the 

city would be beaten unmercifully if not killed, The right 

to orgnnize has not been completely established as yet, but 

lo.bor has made great strides, and there is the beginning of a · · 

vigorous and strong movement, 71th thousands of new workers 

coming into the unions, almost all of them with no previous 

experience in the labor movement, tho need for an educational 

program was obvious. Tho organizers had talked ;dth Highlander 

for sometime about nn ~ension progrlllll; plans were made with 

the assistance of Paul Christopher, Executive Secretar,y of the 

Tennessee Industrial U on Council and member of Highlander 

executive council. ',7ith the enthusiastic support of Richard 

Dev0rall, educational director of the United Auto 7forkers Union, 

the program tvas launched at the southwi~ u.tr-CIO educational 

conference in Mer.tP"tis in October, Rar Lasker, of the Highlander staff, was placed in charge," · 

Tho aforemantioncd Ninth Annual Report is being retained in 

fil<>s of this office, 

The follo-.-:ing invij:.cd o;:><3akers delivering lectures during the 

session were: 

TILFO.~UDlEY, "Jar Labor Board, 'Jashington, D. C., who de vcred one lecture of unio~and functions 

of War . bor Board. According to- he appeared 

'to be ver,y pro-CIO in his attitude. 

A. J.inOODRICK, Federal Conciliator, ~ashington, D, c •• 

'Nho d~livcred one lecture on the Fed·3ral Conciliation 

Service, 

"fiLLIA!.J~VES, Regional Director of ;1age and Hour Division 

of the fnited Sta.tes Deportment of I.<lbor, Nashville, TennGssee, delivered a lecture on the ~age and Hour Act, 3aid 

lecture being confined strictly to the oct, <dth no exhibition of partiality ree-'ll'ding unions. 

Although there was never any audible mention made of c~~unism, 

tho discussions held by the faculty were 100 per cent in accord with the 11 all 

cot dd" to Russin, strongly favorine the establishment of a Second Front, and 

1''·r,·lrding l:.bor unions, were in nccord with the CIO; however, upon the arrival. 

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of roprcscntativGs of the AF of L, from Lo~isville, the discussions thereafter 

WGrc confined to l'lbor union in general, the J)aizy '\iorker 

is e publicEttion rugularly received in i:onteagle, at tha Highlander Folk School. . . lllll!lll!ll'll!LES HORTON exhibited much 'interest in the 

aircraft industry ::md stated that he was workers i.'l the n.:>m:r 

Durine discussion of racial problems, was given 

the a.ssigro;1ent, upon the com;:>letion of the Sumner Session , to 

co to Bessemer, Alaba.=, and interview the negro victims of alleged race 

riot at Bessemer, obtai~ing signed st~tements and affidavits, which VIOuld 

then be fo:marded to the ".7hi te House by the Highlander Folk School, 

VIRGTIUA DURR, upon her visit to Highlander, 

seemed to be greatly interested in the poll tax bill which uas pending in 

Congress at that time, and, as a matter of fa~t, stated that she had prior 

·to her visit been in '.7ashington lobbying for this particular bill. A further 

entification of VIRGD!H DURR is the fact that she is the wife of ,l;LIFFQ)W. 

, ~;;, F<:d.eral Com.':lunications Connission, -:Jashington, D. c. VIRGDTIA DilllR 

ok no part in the assenblies or classGs at the school, but attended the 

. <O~·:+i .. ve c::.tilmeetings at the school, which. was not open to the student 

body, JA::ES •l::BRO'TS I, Executive Secr.etar;JL o·: the __$anthern-Cnnference tor 

Eur.oan ''elfare · • , Prldf'l§§Or at Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, 

HOLLI~1EID, egisla ive Chairman of'"the Firemen and Engineers ·or Railroad 

Broth ;;ood of Tennessee, Mer.tphis, Tennessee, were among those attending the 

execut·ve council meeting. In thio connection, it might be noted that HOLLIS 

!tEID was re;:Jorted to l:ie the n-owzy elected member of the executive board at 

Highlander. 

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::<\.RT ,"ATKINS, fonner United Uine 17orkers oreanizer, an alleged Cor.L";tunist no;r s tioned at Camp Forrest, Tullahoma, Tennessee, spends a great many of his weekend furloushs at Highlander, and on 

r.wny occasions brings another soldier with him. It was understood that "JATKD'S ],~·: engaeed in an argument with an officer at Camp Forrest, regarding 

the u~e of tear gas in labor strikes, stating that "he felt it Tlas unfair to 

permit the use of tear gas in labor strikes", and as a result of argun8nt, was detailed to KP duty, · 

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~ev. 0\1ENfiHITFIEI.JJ, alleged CO!llr.lunist and negro preacher, from 

Kirksville, i4issouri, wa1 scheduled to lecture at the ~-chool, but tor :cme 

reason was unable to kee1 the engaganent, Dr. FLE1ffi:O AllES, Dean of Theology at Sewanee University, was a dinner guest on one o casion at Highlander, 

and!£ at one time acted as arbitrator llemr- Highlander Folk 

Schoo and the Grundy CoWlty Crusaders in stopping an altercation in which 

the GrWlcly CoWlty Crusaders were reported to be planning a march against 

Highlander, 

~the library material at Highlander, which is 

made available ~oup, sponsors the doctrine of Communism, and 

a large portion of the material is extremely liberal in substance, 

·~·· the school is apparently very short of fWlds 

at the present time, as reflected by MCLLES HORTON's constant attempts to reduce the operating expenses, and by the iact that the iood rations were cut 

short during the last week of the school, 

The following is a list of students \lho 

Session at Highlander in~luding their 

union or induStry uhii!h they represented: \. 

attended the s~er 

home addresses and the 

NAl!E HO!IS ADDRESS 

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UNION OR INDUSTRY 

United Auto ~orkers 

Sugar iiorker 

Su~ar ".7orker 

AF of L Tobacco '.7orker, 

Bro\m a11d 'Villia'llSon. 

Tobacco 

TobaccoTobacco 

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41 

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N.lliE HOME ADDRESS UNION OR DIDUSTRY. 

Teaches, Negro Grammar SQbool 

Textile uorkers Union 

Drown & ~illiamson, AF of L, 

Tobacco worker, 

Sugar ?.orker Union Organizer 

Professor from Black 

Mountain College, Black 

Xountain, North Carolina~ 

AF of L / 

/ 

Axton Fischer Tobacco Co. 

AF of L. 

The followin:; io a list of some of the alumni of the Highlander Folk School, including a report on their present emplo~ent and activity in Ui'lion work,; thi~ boinr; taken from the NiJ'lth A.tL"lUal Report of the Highlander iolk School for the year 1941: 

,;Jlair is now representative or the .iJ:;lalgamatod Clothing 

Horkcrs America in North Carolina, 

J. radford was elP.cted International Vice~president of 

the L:une, sum and Cenent ~7orkers of the .l.. F. of L • 

in 

• ha'!lpion was put in charge or work with Trade; Uni0ns 

o CPA ilorkers' Service Program. 

Dcttyc Soldstoin helped in organizational c~1paign of maintenance ·,vor ors at sr.,ith College. 

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Al~~n~Qreen taught workerst education classes d~~ng a strike 

or hosJ.ery wor ers, New Orleans, and is DOlT a CIO organizer. 

Handy is active in the Washington canmittee of ~~~~~~~as com~leted his law studies. 

Dillari.King was work supervisor for the summer work camp. 

i)'Ilch is in ch>1rge of organization for the Aloerican -~~ .. ~~osiery ~orkers, Tri-State Area. 

Durwar~;'c;)a.>tiel was elected to tho Highlander staff and 

·rlill serve a:; becu"tTve Secretary for the school. 

CIO c~dt~~t~~-rspr~sontod the Indus-trial Leader at the national 

KnoVtlton received the Croix de Guerre for brav~' D.S an alnL ulanCC dri verin sYTJ.a and Africa. 

chairman of her hosiery workers 

e ;-Il. C. 

fM_,.,_P.Yi,.,,...'rf"!,-. i ~ :t mnrrh(l:T' _"')f' t.h~ r.T.""t ~t-.:Jff ,:mn aivP-!=:: 

his t~--t~ th~ -~d;;ati~~;l-~~-r~;r~l- i;-N~. Orle~, "p~rl 

Highl~'lder•s extcna16n service. 

hal!' 

of 

__ Eerni~Schmidt has been active in educutionnl_nork among the 

steel workfi'S of Cincinnati. !ICJ is secretary of his S:VOC local 

and edits ~ lively little shop paper. Bernie originated the idea 

of thCJ Friends of Highlan~cr mambCJrship cards to be sold by the 

alumn~ for ~1.00 as a means of rGising scholarship funds • 

..-:::-- Thee V<mlandingham was elected secret::ry of his Ford local 

--'' in !{e;Ol[l!J. , anoCi'iaiiii.ln of the Industrial Union Council. 

local J;/J:~a[rt~: ~:~1 b=~~ :~~~~~ ~~~~~~g D=~~~:~:;_1;b~~. 

P<:>. is now ;:>resident of his Mine, Hill and Sw.CJlter 

~corkers ca , ~les, Tennessee. 

1 \ 

:&.1il ·:illimetz is on the CIO st::ff under Paul Christo;.Jher, 

of the T · nc;i:See ~at~ Industrial Union Council, and editor of 

the Tennes8CJe CIO p:!per.n 

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had consented to lecture on one occasion 

at the Bighlander Folk School during the S\ll!l:ler Session, on the Wage and !lour 

Act; that it was the policy of the Departnent of Labor to interpret the ~age 

and !!our Act to a labor group l>'hcnever possible, and he knew that refusal 

on his part. to ad-'.ress the croup at Highlander would be "played upu by the 

school, ~stated thnt he v1as acquainted with J.m.ES HORl'ON, present president of the school, anc'. J.\l:ES OOL!BRO',VSKI, fonner presidcnt, and presently 

~erving as executive seci·etll!'y for the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, 

/YQth headquartcrs at R~om 506 and 507, Presbyterian Building, Nashville, TonI nessee, He believes both of them to be extreme liberals and entirely in sym-

~athy with ComQunism; hmvcver, he doubts whether either of them are card bear-

, mg t.Jembcrs of the Communist Party, inasr.n1ch as both HORTON and DO!.IDRaJSKI 

\probably feel they have more to gain in thoir r<Ospective fields by remaining \:s fellow travelers instead of maintaining card bearing relationship with the 

e_om:nunist Party, 

JA!IES DO:rnRO'ISKI pref<•ntly r.~a'\nt.'J.ins residence at the I<oel 

11otel, NashVille, Tennessee, and has !'eecntly gone ,;c ;7ashineton, D. c. a.."ld 

llcw !ork in an ath:J,Jpt to raise llllditional f~"1cls fo!' tho Southern Conference 

f,r EUl'lan '·'ielfar.;;, No further :iufoma.:.:!.o:1 is b<:Jing set forth in this report 

rcg,rding 001-I:JRO'.";SKI inasmuch as his activities are being covered in a sapcrate case entitled I! Southern Conference for Human "!elfare", File 100-92, and 

''" indiv:idual file on JA!3S DOHBROJSKI, Internal Security - c, l!Gmphis File 

100-129,3. . 

Reference report contains a lead to contact Rev. JOllli c,Ll!SOR 

!.'ethodist Hinistor, 1203 JJirds:!!.l Street, Old Hickory, Tennessee, concer'~ng the signed statemenwhe is reported to have concerninc; the Highlander Fcilk 

S~hool. Rev, Et~SOR was contacted by Special Agent--in an effort to obtain these 36 affidavits, and it was lcarn~re prcGently 

in the posseesion o£ the.chief attorney for the leadil\g coal nine conpany in 

Tracy City, Tennessee, Rev. ENSOR was unable to furnish either the n:Jmc of 

''1~ con;o.my or the name of the attorney; however, it is bdievcd th~t they 

can be obbincd fron this inforlil<ltion, He indicated that these affl.davits 

:':>eluded photoc;raphic copies of cancelled checks mailed to Highlander Folk 

:,chool fro:ol Russia, and one check from ADOLF HITLER in Ger::vmy. 

JAJIES P~\..'lDIN, SecNtary to Governor PliBNfiCB COOPER, was contacted regarding the file co:npilcd by the committee of AJnerican Lce;ion for 

'i;c State of Tennessee, allogcd to have bcon placed in the custody of tht> Govcmor. !L!IS;DIN stated that this file was not presently in the custod;l' of the 

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covernor•s office, but that he would make an attempt to locate it and wouid 

immediately advise the writer upon locating tho same. He further advised 

that the file had not been kept up to date, and probably contained very lit--

tle information sUbsequent to 1938. 

Tho following list 

faculty of the Hichlander Folk "'"''uu_ .. , 

l!YLES HORTON, President 

DDrr~\RD McDANIEL, Executive Secretary 

UJUISE,~cNHIE:i.., Secretary 

lt~'l.Y L.o\.f:(i:!:~nE 

!!ARUt'TDIZill. 

LIDN ··aLSON, Propaganda 

ELIZ/:J3ETHtUID!ER, LibNrian _ --

• •• sots forth the -

'('J. ' -----r---

OLrJEICL.~E. Assi(;ta'"\t. I,jb·.·."lrlan, 2323. Fcrtioth :::'l:lce, Brt1 

'.1a11hmgton1 D. c.-

CA.'l.OLYli'HH\LESTSII-: 

:':ILLI.A! .. ELKUS, Research 

Visitors at the Highla~der Folk School, 0

• ,~~ SOt O".lt below: 

VIRGINIA DURR, Alc:::a.ndria, Virginia (visitor for two weeks) 

AIEDJID+m, River Road, RUIJJ$on, N. J. (p-.·ofessor at · Black Uountain College, BlRck t:ountain, '!. c.) ' '---

G. B !ARW:!E, Jr. Route 1 1 Box 142. , Tracy City_. Tenn. 

·:All' lffiTDr1, Louisville, ~entUCkY 

LEO!'ARD~RING, CIO Organizer 1 Chicago,. Illinois. . 

DILLL\.~J'icrnG, Monteagle, Tennessee 

ER:!Otl F 1,JOH!ISOU, Carondolet Branch, YMCA, St. Louis, 1!isoo·~·i. 

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Dr. FLEiSING JAMES, Dean fra:ll Sewanee University, 

Sewannee, Tennessee 

HOLLIS REID, Memphis, Tennesse& 

LUCJ~'-i!.SON, Yi!CA, Atlantal Georgia {Public ?.elations Director l for CIOJ 

IS.7IS JOUES (Negro), Fisk University, .Nashville, Tenn. 

Executive Secretary, Southern Conference 

for Human ·.;elfare, So6, 7 Presbyterian 

Duildine, Nashville, Tennessee 

11\RTY 7.·.~·rars, Private, Car.Ip Forrest Tullahoma, Tennessee,· 

(Forillsr CIO organizer~ 

•• effect that 

the National Sponsoring Committee, headed by J.!rs. ET.'<!U10 • OOSEI!EL~,is joining the Executive Council and Staff of the Highlander Fol School :HI issuing 

invitations to the loth Anniversary Ce~ebratlon, to be he d Sunday, October 

25, 19L2. *'t the Hi~:;hlander Folk School, :•onteagle, Tennessee. This, celebra...: 

t.ivl! \t~lllilclude an address, 11Un:tfy.;_rg tn~ Hrm1e Fr-'Jr.t for Victory~ as wf(.Ll 

as lJ1USic, ga.1nes and a barbecue, aeco~±inz Lo the invi~a.tion, B.'1.d \7ill be an 

;_:J_ :l_J· af.fc.ir. 

The Nation::tl Sponaorin§; Co;:ni tt e\3 is listed as follows, as set 

out on t.he reverse side of the invitatlon to this "elebration: 

!Jrs. ELEAJJO:"t ROOS:NSLT 

l!rs. P.uaofnLACK 

-. 

J:rs. }!;'..~Y T .~J;om:J•:, Cor.nittee on Labor, f!ous<" of ' f' . rrepresentatives 

:!iss P.ILDll.S:mH, Consultant in Labor Zduc;:;.tLon, 

\' . iederal 'Yorks Agency 

Senator ELB->l1T n#r:aHAS 

CLll'?ORD DtJil'!, Federal Com::tunications Commission 

VIRGHITA DU1?., national Co=ittec to Abolish the Poll 'J'a·oe 

::wa::.fo.~I.JJ:! r

1 A:.1erican Civil Liberties Union 

J.\;!ES B C '\.HEY 1 Secretary 1 CIO . "~ 

- .1.V -
. ' r1 0 

Mrs. ETHEL ~YDE 

WILLL\l! F. ~OCHRAN 

G:&JRGE~ARDS, Detroit City Council 

l!rs. EDI~IELD / 

·Dr. GEORG~UESI', Past Pres. Society for Pediatric Research 

l!rs. HAhllY Ll.~'klSHO~ 

_.---FRANK P f GRA II 'Ill . 

A. D.~Hc:rw:zqscri, Pres. Antioch College 

Dr. LILIAN ~-; ·1:.0i:!USm! 

~ ~U Fisk University 

om 

Gl!XJRGF'~•:A.JtSH.UL, rratio.'la.l Tsdcr atio;, f..>r ':<m"tit.utJ.onal 

"'{' Lib8r~ies 

Mrs. GEORGE~ ''.P.S!tW, 

GEORGE N/:..hlYH~, Vanderbilt Univcr:;ity 

·:iru!Ai!cFA.iLAND, Editor, Child Life 

CA1lEYf1c 'IILLIALIS 

LUCY SPRAG~:ITCHF:LL, :lank Street School 

t

f 

RED-ffiO IEBlTHR, Union Theological Seminary 

J.~ S . A:I'TON, Pres. Hational FarmPrs Union 

....-·· 

/ 

!ITC!D TRAIGHT 

ALVA 'ii J,?AYIIJR 

Mrs, HELEN ''Trl'/ILSON 

-ll-

_________ ___, ------·------
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on th~ 

( r\ .. 

0 0 

The Executive Council of the Hil:hlander Folk School. as llsted 

af~rementioned invitation is as follows! -

BERNARD~OR.'IH, l!at. Council Gas, Coke & Chemical ilorkers (*) 

~"T•nn ~ .,..,_ ....... ,..,,~._, n.r-- _ _...._.... •- ~ ..... +lo • ."..-.:rn n.c-.6 ............ a~ l4J ~.!U'W .i=J •1\'~Ulld.HI V.L\.iC-J:I.L-v~. at ~VU.V.LI'I;;l .ll ~.L g"'vv ... Al'O.i"l 

P.l.UL R. ~RISTOPHER, Pres, Tennessee State IUC-ciO 

m:LI,LJI H~?~i'iFCRD~ Dist,_Dir. Unite~ Steelworke:r~s of .'llne~ica 

JoE'toBDS, GhRi:n!an Organizing Committee, Chattanooga 

~ Central Labor Union 

1·i -·>tat(, Director .';.FH\V 

·' ENCE, E•-g~on:ll ;:>irector Tir.1!!'cS\'I-ciO 

LUCY i·.NIXJLPl~L.SOll, Public :tPlat.ions Rep, 0IO. 

GEXJRG1)f~•YHE'!{, Vand·~:biJ.t Univc:r·:;ity 

FRZD cJPEIPEr., ilee::.cn~ c.::G Directcr, lizw Orl3ans 

HOLLIS b:m, Le:;:c~J:::tt we, 'lP.p. Ra:.lroad Brotherhoods 

A copy of this invitation is being retained in the file of the 

l!lemphis Field Division, 

p E N D I N ~ 

" 

-12-

-- -- ------------- ------~ 
.. 

.. f~~.::- ~· # 

.-· 

~·~- Yi-

. 

;;;,~ I) '7 j) 

. 

. 

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.l,7'-

Report of Special .'lgent-- ~emphis, Tennessee, 10-2~ 

UNDEVELOPED lEADS 

THE lm.!PHIS FIELD DIVISION 

Re l HIGHLANDER FOlK SCHOOL 

INTERKU. SECUR!:TY - C 

J;T N.".SHVILLE, TENNESSEE \ 

* Will couduct mvestigation to ascertain if~, 1\,LBERfojiRNETT, Professor of Theology, Scarritt College, and nr. G;EORG ·''illiD1• ofes- ' 

sor of Religion, Vanderbilt c~,i·~ersity, who are members of th Executi e Committee of th~ H:tghlander F<·l:; s~hool are engaged in any Commuziistic activities, 

~ill re"' .,. the~ ..'.'J.~'.RDD1, Secretary to the Governor relative to the file regardine: H5.ghl<mde olk School, compiled by the c;;;dttee 

of the .'Jnerican Legion for· the Jt.at,(, f Tennessee. 

he may have coneerninc the Highla•dr:r Folk '5c:hoc>l, 

ship with the school • 

J) ·~ 

P E N D I N G -

----------·---------

• 
4-750 12-7-79) 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, e><plain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

/Deleted under e><emption(s) ....:~:_-,___?:....4P~:.._ ____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

[J Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

U Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

-----------------as the information originated with them. You will 

"" orlvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

··J ·F'or your information: 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE(Sl ~ 

jt NO DUPLICATION FEE S{ 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

F'BI/DOJ 
 ---~ _ _:._ _________ ,.~ ___ .o__ ___ ,___ .:~ ,. . .  

. - ___ , __ ... -- . .. --- ---- . . -~~·~··· : ; ··-~~.:.:~or;&~~:; ; · ,:~_: ,;:;.~:.:.·.• ... ·.·: :·:f:7.·;.~';L:.;g,,.~·~,_::,:.:=~·:E;~~~~;}j~;fKtL~: 

\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART 4 OF 7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 

~. 
• 

I 

0 

Se-e-r;ol'l .!I- 0 ( II Sec.fi'onS 

{,/-- 7 51/ 
·- _:; 

.-;~ 

, - -.. - :· -·~:-_ -~:..: -.~..;·!.....-:.' . 

'' 

. ' 

CC·287 Mr. Toloon~ 

,AR HOOVER • J.· -'•lllr. E.A·. Tamm_ lECTOR 

I • 

srbrrnl i!iurrau of llnurstigation 

Unitrll it ail's Drpartmrnt of iJustirr 

masllington, it. Qt. 

Date: October 27, 1942 

n K.,-771 

MEMORANDUM FOR llR. J.lui&olio / '-". 

0 u 

HE: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

------. 

fir. Cion~--= 

Mr. Glavli. ·• ~'="' 

llr. LaddFIIr. Nicbo • 

llr. Ro•en._ __ 

llr. TracY'-!---

Mr. Carood __ _ 

llr. Coff•~---- Mr. Head oil ___ _ 

Mr. Kramet.~. __ 

Mr. McGuire __ _ 

Mr. Harbo•..:.l __ _ 

Mr. Quinn ramm_ 

Tole. Rooui __ _ 

Mr. Nease..;,l __ _ 

Miu B~abui, __ _ 

Min Gaudy;...: __ 

Attached hereto is photostatic material concerning the captioned matter obtained by the washington_Field 

Office from the files of rvalte~eele of the'National 

Hepublic Magazine, This material was made available gratuitously by Mr. 3teele and was forwarded to the ~ureau by 

letter from the Washington r'ield Office dated August 271 

1942. 

'--

l!:nclosures 

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K. R. Mcintire 

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r:ot•t!:! l~ool lfSib11tht4 Ou lovember l, 1~3 , The 8,1g~1ng4cr ... ---------- g -- • •• • . tol& School lp~\ d at Konto~le, 

.enn!l••ce, ca:r.e '. ~to e~1ate."lco, A 

hUtr so \ht ChrleUu CeM\lJ'J' a1gned by kyhe 'Horton a.nd Don,~at ttatet;•;~r olaa• and rettrtnot work we eapecl&lly need booka deal- 1~ wltb tht probl ... ot labor, toc1al1a=, co~~.1a:, and books t~rowlng l1lb\ upon the 1•naral eoono~1c and aoc1al protlec. of tht 

day. T~t p~rpoaa of tht tchool 11 to educate rural and 1ndu.tr1al 

lea4er• for a o .. aoo1al order.• 

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. / The ~ory Couwlttee ot the aohool 

oont1t\a of Re1Dbol4~1ebuhr, lorman'Thomaai Alva W~ Taylor, Ooor~• 

8./0oWltaL lherwoo4-ld4y, Arthur ·Sw1!t, Car C.- Tayln,., :;;.ep.c ~. 

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ntE PEOPLE OF TilE SOUTII 

WILL IIEET TilE CIIALLENGE 

Ill G IIL ~ X D E R F 0 L K S C II0 0 L • C 0 Jl E 0 F 

1\ G E I ~ T Ul E 0 F U 0 R L D t R I S I ~ , 

UILL IIELP WITH I~CREASIIG EFFEC~ 

• :-!31 •• 

These Friends Join with the School in Calling Your Attention to a Program for 

Democracy Which is Hastening the Winning of the War and Making Greater 

the Likelihood of a Just and Lasting Peace 

MRs. ELEANOR RoosEvELT 

MRs. HuGo BLACK 

MRs. MARY T. NoRTON 

Ch;:mman, Committee on Lahar, 

House of Rcrres.cntd.tivcs 

M".s Hn.DA SMITH 

Consultant 0n Lahar EJucation, 

F~JLral Works .'\~cncy 

ELHHT D. THOM.•S 

Chairman, Cnmmitt.:t' on Education and Labor, 

lJ. S. S..·nate 

CurFORD ·6uRR 

F\·J..:rai Cummuruc..;trons Commtsston 

VmGINI.' DuRR 

National Cnmmi[tL(' to Aholish the Poll Tax 

RoGER BALDWIN 

Am(rlcan Ci\·il Lih.:rties Union 

)AMES B:' CAREY 

Secretary, C. I. 0. 

MRs. ETHEL CLYDE, Huntington, New 

WILLIAM F. CocHRAN, Baltimore 

GEORGE EDWARDS 

Memher Ctty Council, Detroit 

MRs. EmTH FIELD, New York City 

York 

MRs. fuRRY M. GERSHON, Atlanta 

FRANK P. GRAHAM 

President, University of North Carolina 

A. D. HENDERSON 

Prcs1dent, Antioch College 

DR. LILIAN \V. JoHJ,SON, Memphis 

CHARLES S. JoHNSON, Fisk Uni,·crsity 

MARGARET LAMONT, New York City 

GEORGE MARSHALL 

National Federation for Constitutional L~berties 

MRs. GEORGE MARSHALL 

\VILMA. McFARLAND 

Edl!or, CHILD LIFE 

CAREY' McWILLIAMs 

Chief, Division of Immigration and Housing, 

California 

LucY SPRAGUE MITCHELL . 

Bmk Syeet School 

REINHOLIV'l'hiBUHR 

Union Theological Seminary 

G. PATTON 

~ ent, National Farmers Union 

MICHAEL RAIGHT, \Vashington 

ALvA W. AYLOR, Nashville 

DR. GEoRGE GuEST 

Past President, Society for Pediatric Research MRs. HELEN W. WILSON, Bethesda, M:.l . 

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MARY DuBLIN ~E~E~G, Washington, D.C. GEORGE N. ~AYHEW~,...anderbilt University 

~ ~(J~l. ~. I/ J..,iJTJT:-j/r7'; LLINnmMATJONCONTAINED 

u\. . & INDEX 11{)~/:f#.:-r-.rr'.fr .. . H~~~IN l,S~~~l.ASS!fl£1) Ol~J{.l,:l 
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' lilf;llljHiiiTS OF TE~ \'E:\US U TilE XE\\' IXDI!STRUL SOUTH 

19 3 2 :"chool opens its doors in November on 40-acre mountain farm. • Classes are held for 

pcopk o{ Summerfield community. • Beginning of ten-year program in home area. 

1 g 3 3 Fir't series of annual residence terms for union leaders. e Field program begins with 

dFSi<tancc to striking coal miners at Wilder, Tennessee. 

~ -~ .) ~ 34 Library begim sending packages of books to union halls, • Field program in Knoxville. 

b . I Founding meeting of FELLOWSHIP OF SOUTHERN CHURCHMEN held at school. 

19 3 5 Staff anu students tour southern cities with program of labor plays, puppets, songs, • 

/\.LL-SOUTHERN CONFERENCE FOR CIVIL AND TRADE UNION RIGHTS held at 

school: first conference of the kind in the south, • Cooperative farm garden and cannery begun in 

~v:..: .... ::cc) e <;rudy groups in Chattanooga for hosiery and textile workers, 

19 3 6 TV A outlines reforestation plan for school. • School broadcasts to England, via BBC, 

program of ballads, workers" songs, stories, dances. 

19 3 7 l\!aking of "PEOPLE OF THE CUMBERLANDS," film on the work of the school. 

• ::itdli mcmbc1; lmned for textile and shirt-workers organizing drive. 

J9 3 B Fir't d>mu<tl work camp for colkge students, conducted jointly with Friends Service Commncc: com~t\l!lity imprmemcnt work combined with study of the south. e School organi:z.es 

Gn:nJy County Political Confaence, which succeeds in decting labor candidates. • School assists 

1n '"-"tting up the SOUTHERN CONFERENCE FOR HUMAN WELFARE1 g 3 9 ·Fir;t of yc;uly worhhops for student writers, to focus crcatiw talent on southern problems. 

0 }v!u,,, director ~dits ''LABOR SONGS"' for Textile Workers and !~ads mass singing at union's 

r,auonal com·cr.tion. 0 Anti·poll tox case started in name of Henry Pirtle of Grundy County. 

l 940 Mr;. Roos.:wlt meets with staff· and students at Chattanooga and gives annual scholarshi_p at 

sehoul {ll: W<Hlcr otudcnt. e Summer work camp builds pottery kiln for Summerfield Cooperative. 

• \Vorkers' education confercn.:c hdd for Business and Professional, and Industrial Y. W. C. i\ . 

j ~41 t'lciu pr"grams in New Orkans, Memphis, Clinton, Tennessee. • Staff teachers are discus· 

sion leaders in United Auto \Vorkers· first southern educational conference. • Traveling hbrary 

ctrculatcs a thousand books in Grundy County. 

1942 Third and fourth Junior Union Camps for children of rural and industrial workers. • Pubhcation of "UNDERSTANDING UNIONISM," an analysis of year long field program in New 

Orleans. • Founding of research department to service organizers, unions, Highlander alumni. 

e Compktion of 18th regular residence term for union students. 

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e AN UP ANU COMING DEMOCRACY is not pos~ibte with only supine, uncritical carrying out 

uf orders fron1 above; a democracy demands full awareness from all people concerned and full exercise, by all, of the rights of citizenship. Willingness for sacrifice will be common only if there is 

common confidence that the benefits of the future will not be restricted. Realistic education of 

group leaders will produce intelligent, responsible group action. Therein is assured democracy•s 

preservation and growth. 

e For ten years HIGHLANDER fOLK SCHOOL at Monteagle, Tennessee, has been carrying on a 

training program for leaders that has tangibly extended economic and political democracy in the 

"0uth. Today that program is increasing the yield of the south's production lines, clarifying the war 

reamns and objecti\'Cs, making more certain the creation of a better future for the common man. 

• FROM THE VERY BEGINNING the <ehonr• tmhing wa~ limited to the irnmPdiatp nppn• •n" 

interests of the students. 

" , j1scussion class in child psychology grew out of problems facing community parents. 

i\ class in cultural geography came from informal 'inspection of some European snapshots: the 

Tennessee mountain folk, many of them rare travelers even to so near a city as Chattanooga, found 

their .:l\\'n customs and conditions full of meaning when contrasted with those of foreign peoples. 

"· :'cion of the Presidential election paved the way for a class in political analysis, with study 

of dec P' ,J1 tax "it affected class members. the south, the nation. 

T ochers and students trawled to ubserve first hand a bitter strike in the coal fields. 

Tic- handcr.1fts native to the region were revived and stimulated: cha'r making, whittling, pot· 

;, ::-, _,.!llt m::king. A cooperative farm garden was started. Unions were formed among the timber 

:•.;tt-c·, anJ 10ad workers. The workers studied the principles and techniques of unionism, learned 

uf th,·;r opportun;tics and rights restored by the New Deal. Education for u<e, for action. 

c THE SCHOOL HAD A HARD BEGINNING. Gradually, through the effort, of Reinhold Neihuhr, .:\ln Taylor, Sherwood Eddy, Frank Graham, people hegan to hear of it. Fin,nci~l <iT;'0!" 

!n-:·Tcd:-.~..:J until contributions were • 

: :: .. ;·,c Lom all over the country. 

~-c·m.: were large; most small- a 

, '

1 ;~\·e) ten, twenty. The school 

then, <tnd has continued to be, 

i.!l\. <11 ll\T cxrres~JOO of its contrib, 

utors' creati\'C ideals. 

'"One of the most important so· 

Clai·cJucational projects in America," 

wr<>te John Dewey. 

'·.'.',,;:cr Rautenstrauch, noted in· 

.J•Jc·lll•i ~ngincer: '"I have found two 
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factors working for advancement in 

the Tennessee Valley area . . . 

through the T\/ A this section ·s phys~ 

ical capital is being developed; the 

Highlander Folk School is building up 

the social capital. The educational 

movements of the Government and of 

the Highlander Folk School are laying 

the foundation for a higher type of 

civilization and a greater culture than 

· this nation has ever seen." 

e THE SCHOOl'S WORK in its home community gave it a lasting relationship with the people. 

The rapid expansion of the southern labor movement took staff members into the field as teachers 

"CJc1 or~;,nizcrs. Students continued to come for training periods of two, four, six weeks. But now, 

bctwc.:n these sessions, the school sent its teachers, books, and chart.s to Knoxville, Louisville, Mem· 

phio, 1\lcoa, New Orleans. 

Th,·,c field programs meant a tremendous increase in students. Last year, for example, 475 

'> ·•:•:g men and women were enrolled in Highlander classes. Ninety·three per cent were active union 

·· ~."·• · ,,.,,;c~nts, stewards, committeemen, secretaries, business agents, organizers. Today High· 

l•:o h ;•h:mni arc to be found everywhere in the south's industrial ;ar effort~key fighters ~at o~ly 

" ...... :. '"r i'rodu~tion now, but in the long term movement toward a more perfect industrial 

'-:.:ril1 •crrt:y . 

': · ~IGKL~~iDER FOlK SCHOOL and its NATIONAL SPONSORING COMMITTEE fee! that 

· · · '·'" c o:hicwment of age is n0t important. There is constantly increasing demand for the serv· 

'' :o~ch the school is uniqucf>; equipped to render.· Ten years of experiment ha,·e proved the 

" " nf ,: ·- ~·,·thud<, the certainty of results. Ten years of acti\'ity have brought wide endorse· . 

·:c: .or.' ··";-ron m ;H ::,carc!:~s of labor. Highlander faces today and tomorrow hopefully, confident 

· •n[!,·;.:·.l is m0re than'•·~• •· ..:-ntial. At present it cannot meet the growing demands of the 

.·c··:.c•. more iunds. Will you help the school with your moral and financial support? 

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Ut li~m:R l'(IUI: SCBOOL; 

tlf:'~Al. SB:llii.Ifr • 0. 

J:tullJ retw \o ~ letter of Octobsr aa. 

llln, rond adYiee ~ rdun~ ... u whl:t action ;r.u h&Ye 

\.-.ken 111 compllan:e with a,y re~eah oonbl!lfl'4 t.her._ · 

lll, 

Your• t1'11.17, 

John ~car noc•er. 

DLr t>..,tor 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form No.1 

THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT TECiNESSEE F'ILE NO. 

REPORT MADE AT DATE WHEN MA.Dit 

12-3-42 

Trn.E 

GnGELA.I!DER FOLK scHooL INTE'.:NAL SECUP.ITY - C 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

Leport of Special A~ '!nt 

Oct:J":er :<:<, 19!;2, at · 

Letter from the Y.no;:ville field Division to Jlemp!ci s 

Field Division, dated Novemxr 261 1942 

COI"ID OF THIS Jl~!fr 

~ :>FI, 

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• 

5. Pureau COP!Es Dl!fnR<WED 

2 - Kno:.,:v.i.lle 

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US COOVlii~ME!HPIIIIMTINCO OHICE-0- T--21'"• 

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l.rLV 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

_j_ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or mofl' of thP following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

[!'{/Deleted under exemptionls) ~2_(.. / 

material available for release to vou. 

/'!,...... . d.: .... _/-" ______ With no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained onl.v to a third part~' with no refPrPnce to .vou or thl' subject of your request 

~ Infonnation pertained only to a third part~. Yuur natHl' is listl•rl in Ui(' title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following gm·PrnnH'nt ag(·ncy(ies) 

__________ , wa:-:.lwt•n• fonvardc'd to ttwm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to th(' following gon~rnment ag(•ncy(ie.s); 

_ as till' information originated with them. You will 

hP adviser! of availabilit:v· upon rf'fum of tht• rnatl'ri<ll to Uw FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following r<"asonls): 

------~- --

0 .For your infonnation: 

~ TlJ> following nu7 r is tD be used for rPft>rf'nl'C rPgarding these pages: br_ 7=5"~_--"--'1 d--.-=- Q _ _ . _ ·---· -~--~~~-

XXX XXX xxxx~x 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/DOJ 
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viced 

the cor.ni t tee 

b.:rned over 

Amc~rican Letj.on-:: or t'ne .:>l.a7-e 

of "ennes:cee, ..-;as con aforementioned file, and-

.?ci\i.scd that t;Jis lile had been rusplaced, and altJ10u::;h he had J:Jade~ 

attenrts to locate it, he had met with necative results; hm1ever, he indic2.ted tl1at the i'ile ,-.-as 012tmoded and contained V2.ry little ini'or;aation suOc.·.:ocorcnt to 1939. 

On October 26 19!?- cc,ntacted 

cy (A)~ and at tha , a fc.misred 

:.o Acent t11o.se pcr.so!1S vrho had at:.cnded the ~enth Anniversary 

~eleora Hi::;lllander Folk School, l1eld at :.:ontear:;le, Tennessee, on 

Sunday, OctoJer 25, 1942. 7:-is list is oeing retained in the files of this 

of~ice. ~·eported that there was very little activity of interest during 

the celebration, and that no speeches or adclresses Ylere made, except one 

by Dr. ALVA ;·;~..AYLO?. of Nashville, Tennessee, this adcross beinc very little 

::'.ere than a sermon • 

-further i!'li'ormed that he had learned that the E:::tension 

School, sr,onsored by the Higb~ander Folk .SChool, is presently in A tle.nta, 

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Georgia, and expected to remain there for a period of five or BiX months. 

Reference letter of 'IT. A. l!UT'..PHY1 Special Agent in Charge, 

!C.'1o::ville1 Tennessee Field Division, dated Ilovember 261 19421 advises 

t,.oat after reviewinG the file of instant organization, the Bureau bas 

sC;2."ced tho:t further active investigation of this school is not warranted, 

a.rrl that outstanding leads should be cov-ered imrnediately, in order that 

this matter may be brought to a logical conclusion • 

In view of the abov,e facts, no further investipation is 

co,1templated in this case, and it is being refer:'ed upon completion to the 

orace of origin; however, the Bureau will be kept currently advised of 

any change in the con';.rol or policy of this school which might indicate 

jts cormection ;-lith subversive activities. 

l1E?E~:-BD liP8ii C01 I?LETIOI! TO THE OF?IPE OF O~IGIJ; 

- 4-

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4-750 (2-7-79) I 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thl' filt·. Ont> or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

C?J'/ Deleted under exemption(s) ~~7_c:__; __ f __ 22_ 

material available for releasC' to _vou. 

_____ with no segregable 

D 

0 

L_j 

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x~'\A\XX 

Information pertained only to a third party with no refprenee to :-,:ou or the subject of your request. 

Infonnation pertained onJ.v to a third party. Your namf' is hsl(_-'d jn the title only. 

DocumenHs) originating with the following ~ovemml'nt agl·ncv<ies) -· 

_____ _ ______ , was/wcrP forwarde"d to them for direct response to you. 

Pagels) refc!Ted for consultation to Uw folJoy, ing go\'<·rnrnent agPncy(iesl; 

_________ _______________ _______ as thL· infnnnation originated with them. You will 

h~" Ad\'i"''r r•f av;:Jilahility upon rPtum of thl' mah'rial to thC' FBI. 

.For your infomtation: 

~ . 

., fol1o'.vir.g number is to be usf'd for refpr('lll'E' _7arding tlwse pages: 

---' I-'; 5 j I- I c2 0 r. 5 ----- - ---- ---------;- --- - -- ------ -------·~--

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FB1 /OOJ 
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{TI 

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Jirector 

<...···· 

.Jrllrral liurl'nu of fhunti, 

ltnifl'll ftnfl'elll'parfml'nf of Juetir.r 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

Decee1bar 11;, 1942 

Fed'3r0l Bureau of Invastication 

::ashinbton, D. C. 7:1185 

• 

Dear Sir: 

(1 

HIGHLAllDE:R FOU. SCHOOL 

I!IT:;;RW.L SECU.RITY - C 

rieference is rr.ade to the Bureau letters 

of Octob?r 23, 1S42 and of December 7, 1942, 61-7511. 

This is to advise that in ~.cc::>rdance m.th 

aureau i~struct1ons, the file of this case ~ds reviewed, Pt which 

time it was "scartoined that there were outstanding leads for the 

B<.ltimcre, Boston, CUc:e.,;o and !lew Orleans Field Divis1ons. On 

r:ovenber 26, 1S4<:' e letter was directed to these offices requesting 

th;t t'1is cese receive irr.c:ediate attention in order' that it n:ight 

be brou:ht to 2 lo,;ical con~lusion. Arran:ements have also be3n made 

.. ,>.:o:-sbJ current literature of the Highlmder Folk School will be 

rocehed o;,· the Y.:10xville Held ;:;i vision. 

It is antici~?ted that upon receipt of 

rerorts coverinc thq outstend1ng leads in this case, the file will 

be ::arried in a cloced stetus, end inforr..ation furnished to the 

J·Jreeu re;;P...rd:inr; curr~nt activit:.es from time to ti..JLe. 

'J:'~3ra i:5 being enclofed here1\1. th a minieoirr~ph'3d sheet :-::ntitl~d 11 .. izs-3arch Derart:nant, Hichl?.nder :r·alk 3chool,• 

·:.-:1ich is s2lf-e;.~l~na t')ry. 

; I ~ 'iours truly, 

W. A. J~URPC!Y 

~lJecial J.t;ent in c:.ar::;e 

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RESEARCH D£Pi\RTMENT· 

71186 ,, 

To meet the responsibilities plaoed upon 1t by the _r, 

Highlan~er Folk School recently set up a Research department 

for its alumni, organizers and union membera in the South. 

The purpose of this Research Department is to put out material 

with interpretative information on labor legislation and 

gover~~ent agencies in pamphlet an~ outline form; to serve as 

a news exchange ·•enter between different locals; and to contact 

union officials end union mambera individually about same ot 

their &wn 'problems as affected by the war. · 

We have just published a short pamphht on labor-management 

committees, Its real value is demonstrated by the enthusiastic 

response we are receiving from both government officials an~ 

union rr.embers. Mr, Reginald Raymond, l'lar Production Boar~, 

wrote us, •Your pamphlet on production committees is deeply 

appr&ciated. It is frank and cogent.• 

A distriot.dircctor gf the United Stoel Workor$, ordering 

·a nu~ber of copies, wrote, •(Your booklet) contains excellent 

material and I believe it will be of great value to us.• 

Upon genoro.l request, we are now sending out simplified 

charts ::.nd outlines on governmcmt agencies of importance to lo.bor, 

on which unions o.re or co.n be represented---outlining the stops 

thut should be' tukon to obtain labor representation, To these 

activities we plc.n to udd the m:::iling of up-to-the-minute 

newslutters to those who request our services, c~ well ~ to 

our extension workers and educ::.tors in the field, 
.,·, 

.;l 

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- ~.elleral ilunau of llnu.esi,!Plnon 

1llnit.ell §tat.es il.epartm.ent of Justir.e 

Knoxville, TEnnessee 

January 29, 194' 

Director, FBI 

Q 

HIGHIJ.l:DER FOIJC SCHOOL 

I~'TERNAL SECURITY - C 

Dear Sir: 

In compliance ~~th the Bureau•s desires as 

eA~ressed by letter of December 7, 1942, 61-7511, the 

auxiliary offices receiving copies of.this letter are requested to complete pending investigation and submit P.UC 

report~ in the imrr1ediate future in order that this case 

may be brought to a logical conclusion. 

tA:.c :AT 

61-1<' 

CC - Louisville 

Baltimore 

Bosto:1 

C.hicaco 

?Jew Crlea'ns 

Very truly yours, 

• 

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J!rllnulllurruu of llnur11tigation 

Jlnitrll ~tuh11 ilrpurtmrnt of Julltirr 

633 Federal Building 

Louisville, Kentucky 

February 12, 1943 

Director, F.B.I. 

5 

RE: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

I,ITZR::AL SZCURITY - C 

:Jear Sir: 

In co~~ection with an invsstication of the above captimced institutior., Y.noxville, origin, it was ascertained as a 

r.csult of irltervie·ss with two individuals who attended the HighJ.an~sr Folk School, in September, 1942, th'l.t re-

: .. er]cs h?.d be.en made instructors at this school to 

t.ic ctfect tha 

the Echool. 

c.civised it v;o.s 

to the echool.and would be in attendance on the lest day of session 

P ;:•ril 13, 1942. 

r~r .::::v, 

ing su>. ject organhation that Mrs, Roosevelt 

shi? for subject organization each ;rear. 

-~ JJ 

61-42 

~-U!JS DESTROYED 

~ 8 APR 25 1961 

~!)-~ r:.. 7: " 

,., .. 

Vary truly yours, 

Us-k~ P..ERB:S;{T K. !.:aSS ..Jir1.c.. S;:>eci~l Agent in Charge 

;-ro "\ 2 .~_. ·-

i - -'",.'·f·:·-<_.·-. 
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j . 

711.?9 

\ FEDEAAL BUREAU OF IliVESTIGaTIO.~ 

ORIGr;;: ICOXVILLE, TE;;~CESS:E3 

Louisville, f.y • 2-13-43 10-14-42-1-22, 

// ,23,25,2b,27-43 

~'l EIGHLA;;rJER FOLK SCHOOL 

LVLE. FILE bl-42 

·-·------- HTE!U&L f'ECl'RITY - C 

1 ~ - SY~~Oi'SIS: Group of Louisville labor union ~embers attended.sassion 

of Highhnder Folk School Septer:.ber, 1942 at 1Ion~eagle, 

Tennecsee. iilLES EORTO.; recruited tt.ese students on his 

visit to Louisville in slllnr.'.er of 1942. Interviens vJith 

these union ~~~bers reflected the general opinion thRt 

the Sllb,iect oro;a.1ization it dorc1L1at<;!d by CIO inf:i.uence }{ 

and te~cl:es radic3lism cimil"l' if not identical with 

AGENcY .. QS! · orsr OFF 4 

REG RFC'D U\.l.~ 

HLr_t. \UI\W ... .,.,,~..:;..L. 

BY· -

;Jr.nes of teac~wrs End labor or_fanizJrs "lho 

fort:1. 

5(: 

Resic'tnt~ Lo:ltta~le, 

subj(;ct orbc,nizflt.::.c~-.. Local CiO FinP.!1CiF:l 5·:-.cr;:;ter.r at 

LcJi[ ville fAvorablJr i:~1pr-3c0ud by subjbct orgc::':izt.tion. 

R U C 

~~;_:,~~-~.Ct.:: P~~J~or-t cf S~JC;ClC-l ··~·ent 

1142 at KnoYvill•J, 

IL r-:f~rcD.cc-d rGpcrt the nsi:1C2 of SGVt~rel lcc2l union :I:&e.7tb·~rs \\ere s.;.;,t forth i!-~d~cBti:c:~ t:v:lt the? hrd ;:tt~3nd'""d the 

S'J.tJ::-~~r SG.ssion of t~L !-iir,hl~nder Folk School Pt l:ontc~t;le, 

'I.:.r.;1cssGs fro.r:t S;:;ptt-Li.b~r l to .Septs::-~ber 13, 1942. 

'· 

-·-·----·---. ---- ·- ---------- . ;:,/{ _,....., / -----·--~ 

r ~·:,C!U ....,...-/ 

Knozvillc 
4-750 !2-7-791 ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in tlw fill-. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

/ . _l7t· 12·?1-l cff Deleted under exemptwn(s) _____ -/· __ ...r;----~------- with no segregable 

material available for release to _vou. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third part.v with no n'fe>rence to ~·ou or the subject of your request 

0 !nfonnation pert...ained only to a third party. Your name is !ist{·d in the title only. 

LJ Document(s) originating with the following government agency(jp~). ____________ _ 

_____ , was/wt•n• forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the> following gm'E_•mment agency(ies): 

···---------------- as th(• information· originated with them. You will 

be s::h·iscd of availability upon rPturn of thP mah·rial tn the• FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the follm\'ing rt•ason{s): 

0 -F'or your infonnation: ~-~----------- ---------

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~ Tle following number is to bl.• used for n•ferL•nce t<'!(ardin~ these pages: 

-_ i -:2 ·i__LI__-j_:;~_ _r . ---~~c:? -. ~ _ _ _ . 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF I~STIGATION >Wm No, l CONf'l NTfAl THIS CASE ORIGINATED AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE FILE NO, loo-l878 

REPORT MADE AT DATW: WHEN MADI: 

Jlaltim:)re, Yaryland 

TITLE 

HIGHLA.N!lER FOU: SCHOOL 

PERIOD FOR WHICH MADE 

2-10,16-43 

,- '- '' _, >' . . ' TV...,., •• SECURrrt - c '\. .,..· lo ~ s.- . .., . .. 4P.&..IOMU1Aiol . .- •- • •.c ;':0:- :_-.;;· ~ ·.,., ~. 

- -----------------------------"--------------1 

SYNOPSIS OF FACTS: 

- - FFERENCE 1 Re-port of Special .A«en~:::a:;ted December 30, l9411 a~ Knoxville, Tennessee. ~ -

Report of Special Ag!nt dated Kareh 21, 1942, a~ 

Baltimore, Yary"land. 

D2l~ULSa 

A cheek of the indices of this office, of tbe Baltimore City 

Directory, the telephone direeto:ey, and a review of the known members of the 

Co:""unist Party, Yiere nega.tive in result. 

I A revi6'N of the records of the Baltimore Pollee Department reflected 

I no inforrotion. 

i -· 1:-~ Dl:liTRClYFil,. • 

REl"ER"cED UPON COJ.!PLETION TO THE: OFFICE OF ORIGIN - • .o Krn :25 Iii~) 

1- --------

1 ~·~_c~~~~~-".,"----~~l~:9il:o~~;r< 

I 

I 

-•(1_ COPIES OF" THIS REJ>ORT 

: 5- Bureau (- ''i - Knordlle •• 0. ) 

2 - Baltimore ·~ 

, r: 'I 

• -- t~thh ~ 

·- ... --- 7-~ 

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i . 

Director, FBI 

Dear Sir: 

-alllurrau of lfnut>stigc.' ,,.\ 

Nnitl'il trtatl's ilt>partmt>nf of lJustirl' 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

March 15, 1943 

Re: CfucHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY- C 

• 

Reference is made to Knoxville letter to the 

Bureau d~ted January 29, 1943,, indicating that a closing report in 

the above-captioned matter would be submitted as soon as all outstanding leads are covered. 

This is to advise that the offices receiving 

copies of this letter still have undeveloped leads in this case 

outsta'1ding. As soon as these leads are covered, a closing report 

.rill be submit ted. 

cc - Boston 

Chicago 

New Orleans 

Very truly yours, 

1'1. A. MURPHY, SAC 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN S UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE CJct '?4 BY ,:P?nfiiij 

c)L/SS I L/'j 

'RECORDED ~r_ / ~z~ .~!.! ::1~ to 

.... , fi' ~1 ~ ~ . ~ ' . ' ,', ' ' ' '' ' ' ? 0 i '1.(1 J'j ., ,y l.;t 1fl ._, , .rr..., .. •( 

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,--

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4-750 12-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in th<· file. On<' or morl' of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0 Deleted under exemption(s) ____ _ -------·· ____ with no segregable 

material available for releasP to you. 

D Infonnation pertained onl~' to a third party with no rPfC'rPnce to you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your namp is listed in the title only. 

[] 

Document(sj,o~ginatin~th thC' f~)llowing_govenmJc•nt agency·( ips).--~----.-------

( ___!__~-~-- ~ f_ t-"·-./ ~ n.LL, 6 f. AI C t:: _ , was/wen• forwarded to them for d1rect response to you. 

"' I 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thP follnwing gov(~rnnwnt agpncy(ies); 

___ as thp infonnation originated with them. You will 

hp qrl\·i.,f'rl nf availability upon retum of the matPri<ll to the FBI. 

Pagr,ls) withheld for the following reasnnlsl: 

-----··------ --··-·--------

.For your information: 

,.{ T0't•?' 5i/' :!-'' 'titJ '"' " ''": """'' '"' '''"" ""'"_s' _____________ _ 

xxxxxx 

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X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OOJ 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Form. No.1 

THISCASEORIGINAT'D)AT KNOXVILLE, TE'lJ!SSEE 

REPORT MAD& AT P'P 100 P'Oft WHICHMADI: 

n:n ORLFANS, IA. 5-6-43 

Tnut 

INTl!RUAI. SEJtJRITY - C 

SYNOPSISOFFACTB' Names checked against New Orleans Field 

Te resuJL l'S 

engaged in Communist or 

suhver si ve actiVities. :H!ghlander Folk 

School extension courses last conductt~l INFORMATION CONTAI in New Orleans in the Fall ot 1942. RL 

_ RUe _ HEREIN _I? U~C~ASSIFIEO 

DATE~ BY~"""cr:'"tJ:Mhlf"' 

··_:· ILS: 

Report of Special Agent 

1941 at KnoxVille, 

Report of Special Agent 

13, 1943 at Louisville, 

of .Agent 

ed J . .UJn:u 

AT HE.T ORLE'\!18, LOUISIANA: 

ted Deca.'llber 30, /J 

KJ ?C--

dated February 

.!?c.--

entitled 

Louisian':t·?c_ 

The following names were checked ag:alilSl' 

!:c·:< 01··1eans Field Division with tive results: 

5 - Bureau 

S - Xllelntlle 

l - Atlanta (Int) 

-,2 I" .l'l~w vr JLBj!lO!" 
4-750 12-7-791 ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0". Deleted under excmption(s) $ 'Z C ·. ~- '7_pc_________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 7 

[] Infowabon pertained onlv to a third party with no reference to vou or thE• subject of your request. 

D Information pertained only to a third partv. Your name is liswd in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following govemnwnt ag('nc~·(jps) • 

.\._\ \_\.A 

X'\X\XX 

. -· . ________ , wa:-;/w('rf' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pageis.l 1cfcn-ed for consultation to thP following gon'rnmC'nt ag(•ncy(ies); 

----~· _ ____ _____________ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

h J.d.i_-.( ,; ,,f ;;yaila.b;!it:-- upon rdum of thP matl'rial to thl· FBI. 

Pagp(s' withheld for t!IL' following reason1s): 

------ ---·---------

For your information: 

-----------------------

fe following number is to hE' used for fl'ference n·garding these pages: 

: r- · 1 <;.1L~ _L--2._K./--T_._ _ _d--____ _ --~~---------

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<S> X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 'lT'U"'U"'VVV,T'l"-"'U'VV'V~'lTV~ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 

F81/DOJ 
4-750 (2,-7-791 

3 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX: XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the' file. One' or more of the following statements, where 

indicated; explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) .../J· __ Z_j2 

material available for release to you. 

____ with no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no refcrC'nce to .vou or the subject of your request. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is list(_•d in the title only. 

LJ Document<s) originating with thP following go\'crnmPnt ag(•JH.'\(jps) --------------

-- , was/w(•rp forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to tht· following go\·(•fOtn(•nt agf'ncy(ies); 

____ a~ thP infonnation originated with them. You will 

ht? o~vi~ed of availahilit~· upon return of tbc material tn th(' FR!. 

Page{s) withheld for the following r{:'asnn(s): 

. ------ ------------

C.\ .For your infonnation: ------· -- -------- --------

[!'(/Thl following number is to be used fur referem·p re~arding these page's: 

_wj -7 $) I - I J..i---- __ ___ _ ~---~~-

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FBI/DOJ 
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Jl'ol":D:::.No.l 

THIS CASE 0"1GJNATED AT KNO~VILLE, TE..\lJ~ESSEE 

ft.OftT MADIE AT DATI: WHEN MADC 

7-4-43 

~IOD !"Oft 

YIHICI-I MADIE 

7-3-43 

,., .... NO. 61-12 

WilLIAM A. MURPHY (SAC) AT i 

~~1---------~-----------~----------~------------~-----------------------------~ 

T~ 

' 

. -~· 

\'',_~"-~\-:;~: 

. . 

j 

II>HIGHk.NDER FOLK SCHOOL INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

I 

As leads outstanding in Charlotte and 

Chicago Field Divisions relate more to 

• individual activities on the part of persons previously listed as lecturers and 

on mailing list of Highlander Folk School, 

and do not relate to the activities of the 

school itself, investigation being closed, 

since there is no proof of Communist control or danination in the conduct of the 

school, although there are many indications 

of liberal if not radical interests in it. 

- cI ;c~;;::;~;;JiCEo 

I 

Bureau letter dated 10-23-42, Bureau file 

61-7511. 

I 

l 

A review of the outstanding leads in this case 

reflects that th~y relate more to determd.~ing 

the :rcresent activities of persons who at one 

t:i.::B cr another may hava been either lect;1rers or recipients of corres= 

pcn"2''ce fran: the Hi::;hlcndar Folk School, rather thc.n to any activit-y on 

ths part cf the school itself. It is ccP~idered that further investigation 

of tLas3 leads is not warranted at this time • 

... } ...... 
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The Bureau by letter l~ , ~?C.... in reviewing the s=ary report of Special Agent KnoXVille, 

Tamassee, dated September 12, lst;2, advised that that 

the investigation failed to reflect Communist control or domination 

in the conduct of the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee, 

although there are many indicatione of liberal if not radical interests 

in it. 

The Knoxville Field Division will maintain 

cootact with infonnants in the vicinity of Monteagle in order to be 

kept advised of any change in the control or policy of the school, as well 

as its activities, officers and sponsors. 

At a meeting of }he Executive Council of the 

Highlander Folk School held at Monteagle March 26, 1\43, the council 

recognized that the present struggle to defeat the Axis required the school 

to intensify its activities •in behalf of democracy.• The meeting of the 

council was rather fully 11ritten up in tl)e Highlander Fling, official 

publication of the school in the following editorial• _ 

•1'e1r.bers discussed the work done in the SUIIl!'lerfield Cormnunity by the school-v,ork which continues to have ·widespread 

l'esul ts aven though rcany of our neighl:.ors have left for the armed services 

arxl some have temporarily left the comnur.i ty to work in defense plants. 

The school functions as a rural settlement house ~ere in this Cumberland 

c OT.muni ty and as a training school for labor leaders in its extension 

activities. 

Consideration v,as ci van to proposed recreation 

prccrams for Tennessee trade unions. Other subjects discussed included 

revival of the research and publications department when a suitable penon 

can be found to replace Bil~kuss, drafted; establishment of a nursery 

school demonstration project, and the setting up of a n~tion-vdde Highlander 

Association to provide support for the school's activities. 

~/ Eva'Zhitlowsky reported that more than $70 of 

th3 necesse1ry ~200 had S,~:n realized for the Bill Buttrick !Lemorial Cabin 

throogh the sale of Bill 'futtrick• s picture. l)hen sufficie11t money is 

raised, a cabin for boys will be built in memory of this young HFS teacher, 

who was one of the pioneers in Southern labor education. 

1 Uss Zhitlowsky also reported that Maria_ ~tenzel had made a trip to Y~oxville When CIO unionists held the dedication 

- 2-

-.... " '·.':. '-I'. ·._.' ~ '.-. _,, .. ·····. 
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· .. ,-:· ;, 

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for the rem~ining two of Karia's murals. These murals, commemorating 

the rise of the labor movement, now hang in regional CIO headquarters 

at Knoxville. 

· .. · __ ·' 

~ . . 

Carolyn ~inklestein reported that the great 

need of HFS is direct and substantial union support to implement the work 

of the office force in raising funds to carry on the school program, 

ht its highest efficiency, the office force can only raise ~oney to equal 

one large grant. A committee was appoi ed to consider this matter. 

'~· "'- Council '~ ers were Bi¥rawford1 l'aul R. · Christopher, Jam. est\. Dombrowski, l!,yl orton, ZUphi&4!.?rtqn, ~ton 

. vrrence, 1:ar~wrance, Eva ZhJ.tlows , and Caroly¥J.nkelstel.n.• 

~ 

This n:atter is being closed. on the authority 

of the Special Agent in Charge. 

CLOSED-

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4-750 (z-7-79) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more of the following statements. where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) _£_ _ _.1__]2_ __ ____________ with no segregable 

0 

n 

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0 

material available for release to you. 

Information pertained only to a third party with no rC'fl'r('ncc to )'OU or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third ~arty. 'lour narnC' is lii:'kd in the title only, 

Document(s) originating with the following govenm1ent ag(_•IJCv(ie~) 

-----· ·---- __ ---------------~, was/wt•n• forwardCd to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl· following gon•rnmPnt agency(ies); 

___________________________ a~ fhe inf'ornmtion originated with them. You will 

hr> 1.rh·io::;;0d of availabilit~- upon rPtum of the material tn the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following fl•asonl,): 

··-··--·- ----------

··-·---··------

.For your infonnation: 

/,"?:t'"w;,,, """"" ;e W 00 """ ;,., "'''" ""' "'""""' '""~ ~'"' _-'IS II- I3L---------------· ____ _ 

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FebruaJ7 14, 1947 

Dear Ed: 

I am enclosing herewith all the 

material I have received in connection with 

Highlander Folk School at Monteagle. Tenn. 

I mentioned thie matter to you in the " 

dining room the other d~ and you were good 

enough to offer to look into it for me, 

I 110uld be grateful for any information you could give me. Will you kindly 

return the enclosed material at your convenience. 

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r.bruU7 n, 19LT 

Dhector, FBI 

!/ '!'!'" H!IJ!'LAKD'!'l FOLK 5CIIOOL ... tl t RECORDE"Dd/-/j)//-;?2- . 

. P.eference il u~e to 7c-Jr request of tlr. ldward A• T- under 7 d~t.Eo or rebrccrylL, 19L7, at "hich tiw 7ou requeswa an7 inforuUCID 

neils.ble ccncernin& tbe l!igHander folk School at 1t011teagle, Tenriea!MI•• 

The 11 terat~;re t.tic-h 7cu forwarded w1 th JODr re~eat. twas rn1 .. ed Ul4 

plotol!btic COpieS "'.ade for the COII(Iletion Of Olll' f1U.. 

'for yo'll' !\lrther contldential infonaatiCID, I as: encloaiJI& 

herewith a roe~or~~du~ which eu~rizea 1nfor3at1on contained in our 

flles ccnc<"rninJ the Bizhlander Folk School as or Sep~~r, 19L2 • 

. There hi!.~ bstsn r o &ul>se1uant infor.an tion r.scei v&d 11 inco 19"2 which 

livuld c>:an.,e ~&a t.er1al.l,y the ir.forlll8tion conta.lned in that. -.eoorand:lll. 

I e"l returning herew1 th the 11 tcrature •hich y;aa forwarded 

to you by the T~shin~ton Co~ittee for the Highlander Folk school~t 

~et o:lt ccnsidernble 1nfor~~:;ltioo conc:arnlng the back.;rcund and a,~:Uvt.,Uet;: 

cf this echool. o . ,.., ,......, 0 ~ 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~ U?CLASSIFIED ~ DATE 4' ff'-1 BY &P<rA~ . . r:!). t./ ..J a. 

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February 21, 1947 

T~ IU&}!lander Folk 8cbool which i1 located 011 the bi&hwll between 

ll'onteagle, Tennnaet, and TraC7 Ci\.7, Tellll4lllll, .... toundecl 011. • plot or 1azl4 

donated b1 Lillian Johnaoo, Ph.J). in 19)2. :Dr. Jobnaan cue to lr<latea&le in tbl 

earq 1920•• at which tillll ebe ahowed a creat. deal ot intereat in the c0111111Ull1t7 

cr Su=-.arrielc!, T;nnea:eo, Y!'J.ch 1: located vr.; n::r •=toaJl=, :spet1ell7 tbt 

echool eyate• and tbl public health or \he c01111111.1ll1t7. She •u veq 1111ch inWreeted 

ill and attempted to belp t.be tmdlrpr1rllepd clan ot people who rea1de in 0~ 

Count.,. to thia end. aha donateJ tbl t.rac\ or 1anc1 which 1a ncnr uaed b.7 tbt 

1 Jlit)llander Pollt School. the UIO people abe choee \0 a1t&blilb thil •cbool were 

I )(flee Horton end Don W'eet. Horton bad been t.bo State Chair:.an or t.he Soc1aUat 

l'

COilllll1ttee in Tenneuee !or u.e campa1£11 of 19)2, while Don "feat. wae reported t.o 

openl.;y et.ate t.bat he ••• a (.QDl!Pmht.. 

On v'u.ly 31, 1934, t..'la Hi&hlandar roll School took out, & charter ot 

1ncorporat.!on under tMI Code o! Tenneuee of 19.)2. Thil charter etatoe that the 

particular purpoae !or which tbia charter 111 eou~:ht. is the support or tMI Jlighlnnder Folk School adult education, the tra1n1ng of rural and industriel leaderl, 

r,nd general academe educaUon. The 1ncorporat.ore nre tzyles Rorton, Elizabeth 

Hawes, J&Jtca DOitbrowsl<1, RUpert lfampton, and J.lalcolm Chishoa. -

Early Sponsora 

The school at 1ti 1n~~ption was sup~otted by memb9ri ot the Soeialis~ 

Part7 of national prominence,, including Nor3an Thomas. 

Aims ar.d Purposaa of the School 

In a pa:ophlet published by the Highlander Folk School 1t 1a aut.ed 

t.hat the school -.ao founded •to provido an educational centor 1n the South tor 

the training of rural and industrial leadera and tor the con<ervation end 

I e~c?~ra.;e~en: ~~ th~ 1nd1g?nou~. cu~tu:~ v~lue!. or ~•.m;>unt~ina.~- A~t1~;~!• 1 01 t.r.e 11cnooJ. nave oeen prJ.uoar1J.J 111 "tone eaucawon 01 uoor or.;an1aera. 1·m• 

~-•·vvl hal conducted a1x woeka couraea knolfll as the spring and fall terms. At 

these eeaaiona .. orkera who have been selected b7 their v~rioue unione are &1ven 

c:oureee in Hiat.or.r, econo::!lo11 union publ1cH7, parllmentlrtlaw, publio 

tpealcins, dr8.11.4t.10I; ~cl ar• tau~ht. how to orGanil• 1 \!!\10!l; conduct, ur•ion .. ,.tinp, present cr1evenoea, bcnr t.o call and or&anbt 1t.r1b1 and \0 ertect.be~ 

bar&a1n w1tb •plOJ'Ir"ao fht Hichlander lolt 8chool aleo omductll an txt.en11CIIl lr. Tolw _-1!r~ .. b)' aelldiD& ftriOUI .. berl of 1te !atult,y to an7 vUOI'l WhO Ukl fOr 

;;.: ~;,;; b-:::ttmir 18rdce1 to help tJlea put. en a dr1ve tor ne'lf -barah1p or to 110re r ~,:::~=---:vnct1vel7 bar&ain tor ••&e incnu•• and better wor~ oonciit1oaa. 

_;: 1~iEAU-1-fJFORMATION CONTAINED 

tf: !~';}lfREJN lS UNCLASSifieD 6 /- 7 S I I - I 3 ~ :.:: ?:'.:'''nK"t c '11 ~nlr>.J nH s-n~Yrrf\ 1/\~ ''· '''" u~ o-tcrq a'~" o T or-u '~ 1 :~~:··~~~y- ' ..... - _'){/. ~ r-~··- ~.· 

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Attacks llade on the Highlander Folk School 

When the B1ihlander Folk School fira\. aoved \.0 lfonteaale, 'l'annellee, ., ... _ .. -- .. __ ...___ .A.- •• -.&.L-.- -l:&t.. .&.t..- -a.L-- -· &t..- nl -\.., ,._ .. ____ ,._ ·-'-a-~ --- If¥.&.•• ,agr{,gqJ ltoQ~DWlllllr W.,l.'w:l Wlltf UWJ ... W'l. WI. ~5fl.I...Uiol ... ., ......... IIWV ... J ••• 

introduced to aembere of the ccllllmunity by Dr. tllllan .rotm.oa who aaltect that. 

they help the~~: in ~eir endeavor~. The Hi•hlander Folk School atarf includee 

individuala who are well educate4 and eeem to ba.e a e1noere deSire to help , 

the people ot the South. In tbie connecUcm the7. etroaN followed the 

Sodallat-communbt united froct procraa of the ear1Jl9JO•a. Jroat of tbl 

ll tarature paned out b7 \.be achool at that tiM waa of a SocialiiUc nature. 

In connection with their P'ObJ'aa1 howllver 1 the7 eoon developecl a tbeOf'7 of 

udl16 11111 tant labor atriklll 1n an eftort. to eol1d1f7. the worker• in a c-oa 

cau•• and to iaprue upon thea the Deceeei v of oraan1•1n& 1n order t.o cain 

the power or ndberl. In thia connection the eohool isaned paaphletl anUtled 

~--cy We Jeed the OniCD. • 'l'beae p1111phleta I tate that there 1e alw171 a contlict. 

between labor and capital and t.hat what. 1e &<'od tQr the aanagement and capital 

muat or nece~d q be bad for labor. -

The Highlander Folk Schoo~ •ae also inltrUIIISntll 1n or,anidag the 

l

l'iorkens Alliance in Qrund,y Count7 whioh waa later declsre4' by i til president 

ar.d secretary, David Lasser and Herbert BenjaldD, t.o be controlled b7 the COI!IIIIWliat 

1 ~ ~• Ly. In connection w1 th tbe Worken .llllance 1 WJ"lea Rorton, Jemes Dolllbronkl, 

'Md the f!ieHander Folk School faculty encoura~d the si tdown strike at l!onteegle 1 

·::. :,ctowe, in Februaey, 1939. 'l'hie strike wae ana or the teeters which brcught. 

the t;rm<lne re~<entmeat or the c0111nunity \.0 a head and it brought into prominence 

--" or.;adza tion knam a a the Grundy County Cl'Uaadera who b1 t terly opposed the 

sc:::ool u..r1d m11de every effort to dr1va it: !rom thtt commu..n.!t7~ 

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In the early !all or 1939 John UcDougal Burns, a reporter tor the !ias~.ville Tennaesean1 newspaper 1 visited the l!ighl1nder Folk School tor 

·a,,prox1n:ately cne weok at which time he abo talked 111. th residents in the 

co:'"'UU."li ty ir an etfort to determine whether the school na Communistic or · 

l C c:rc•uniet controlled. Burna reported in newspaper articles that a the . I P.ighlander Folk School 1a the center for spr81dins C=unist doctrines in 

I t':irtcen outstandin& &tate&~ that- ccnmtcted with it.e leadership ere perscna 

\'iho have been ch&rged with being COIIIIIII1lliat•J Hs faculty spreads Co:nmuniaa 

; . c,:;. sor.ds its alu=i to labor organisations •here the;y a:sintain cont11ct with 

! th"' r alma lttitoor &nd apread ita teachings over a Yide area1 holds conforcncee 1 r t ~he a chool l et-r;e&n regular sessions where 1 t teaches CO!:\IIluriist theories \.0 

•~' ~\ccr leaders and other&J it is a source of playa tor use by "progreeaive" 

~l ~ror grcupa, wl·.ich playa includ; C~urJ.at propaganda. 

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,?r!fi> J . r' Oo ·~Mr lJ, "LO, a -~· = "'' 11-,.,. Sohool - aMrW .,,~':± b,y bol.ding a se•tJns o! the re})Teeentath'es ot the aruncq- CountT crusader~~ aDd -.; l:lembera of the !acult7 in a aesaion held at Se"i.l:lea 11n1vers1to7. 1\ thu t.1M 

-, · ;~,;.; t.he Orund,y Count,y Cruudara hurled accueatiOilll at the Hi&bl.ander Folk School, 

X--~--~ atatin& thai. 1\ ...-aa a •hotbed of Comunin." Jsmea DOI!browski ot thtl !lighlander 

J,::5~t rolk School faculty annered tar tbl achool and eapldned that the school waa 

purely a labor acbool and etatad that 1n the evsnt that tha crusader• c:ould. Pf'O'N 

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tl-.e acbool was COIIIIIIU%l1Jitio 1 1 t 10ould 1Jimedia teq •ova t'loa the count,". '1"be I 

Grundy County Crua&dere were ~mable to pro4uea euft1o1ent evidence which wolll.4 

indicate that the achool was controlled by the Communist Partf• 

Charter Mellbera 

Aa indicated predoual.71 the H1'hlander Folk Schvol at 1 til 1ncapUon 

!l waa founded by lif¥lea Horton no was known to be a -Socialiat at that U::le and bT 

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Don West wbc bad openl,y at.ated that. he 1f8S a Coiiii!IUniat. Don '1\'ut was dcacribecl 

in an article which appearae in the Dd'-7 Worker as a youn& mountaineer poet . 

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,.ho became re•olution&rJ' and etudted Uarx and Lenin tor the purpcwe ot 

I <'r'.;anizing lfe~s and .t-.ite tarmera 1n Oeor&S.a. . 

\ Yalcoll:l Chishol.lll, a c:hartcr member or thia echool1 was ldileci fightiD& I \:l t~ the S?c:nish to;yaliets during the sreniah Civil l;'ar, 

J<Jnes Dombrowski 'lrllB a charter llember of the Bi&hlU!der Folk School ~:.nj a facul t)' m.::;m.ber of the echool until the spring of 1942 llten he resigned 

1 ~s position to becon;e eecrotary tor the Southern ConfE-rence for IJU.mlln Vieli'are • 

. ; It h,,e been IS ported that Doc•bronki t:as e.xpreGsed hiii!Selt as be in& in S¥l!ipat.h7 

. ' •.! n~ the R1lsstan form or government, that he tho1lght. that l'eT011ltion "a• 

: l 1 n'vltable. ard that the Clifit.'i.list.ic system should oo c-verthrOlfll. l!e is also 

; . ; 8:-ted t.o hl"·e been a mc:tter of t.l;e Co=nist Party in Chattanoc-ga, Ter.n~ssee, 

cd tc h.lVe attended JDsny meetings in that city in tt:~ years 1938 to 1940. 

]j:o:nurcwski i e nported to be i.J:bued 111 th a phHosophy or saving mankind and 

~ns be..n particularlf interested in helping e0uthern labor tmd attert?ting to 

in;, rove lator condi t.ions in the South. 

J,,ji :a ~L>w• of Co=uniet Influence 

:1-.:_. __ ~h~. f'ro.;ram or the School 

A bt.udy or the pro~ram or tho Hi~Jhlllndor Folk School indicates that __ ..... .;ol followed the COI!lw-uni;:t Party line to a cort.&in dc~)'()e, The sd.ool 

'11'3~ OJ.·;;anbed at a time when the Cor.J<iiunists ;..nd Soch.liats rn•d a pro,;ram !or . 

·.1r.i <:.cd front or,;sn!zations tor psrs0115 •ho -.·ere dhsat.is!ied with the couritr.)''B 

. y:cll tical end econcxdc go!J4i.t1cca. Well-kr.o= Co=nist.li auch as Robert Hall of 

\Hr-•llngham, llabua, aDd Ted i'al.lJian of Chatt.anoo£81 Tenneuee, treq,uenU)' "ri.lited 

ltbie school. fbi fiorkera lllimce waa to~d 1n Jontaa&].e b7 the Hii)llan<iar Folk 

School and tha lld.lltant. strike polic;r adYoc:atad ey \.be COI'mun1ata tar the purpoaa 

I cf or,rarJ.zin& labor ••• adopt.ali b7 the 1cbool. It wa& durina this per~od thai Jaua 

' :. · ·.: : ... c ':i iL!ld Jft;Aaa Horton were reported to have been eeen 1Ji th Young COIIIiiUIIilt. 

1 i.~< b'-" " ... -..:. in t.bair poseanion and to ban udc ata~nt.e which would indicate 

! thf:i.r SYJ'lpatey tor t.he au.saiea tara ot &OYarnunt.. 

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_ ttter~tilre received by and dist.rlbu\ed by the Bl.&)llander Folk School. 

eoneiste or labor paaphlete and uga~inee, Soeialie'IJ.c llterat.ure, and t.o sa. 

extent. Co=unist. llteratQra. 1'ba B1~er Folll School.ill not belinc4 to ba.,. 

passed out pamphlets ~r tbe Comlll110bt Par\7 eueb as literature prot.oat.in& t.bl · deport.at.ion or Brid..:eil, freeing ot Earl arowJar, etc., but ball contente4 1teelt 

with provid.ine publicat.iona such as •Soviet. power,• •Coaunillt lan1teato,• and 

literature which preaente t.be broad picture ol "oc::nmiaa r&thar t.han that 

rs?resenting the Yarioua t.urnill&l ot the CosanL~at Partt l1De • . ' ' Endorearl or the Bighlan4er Folic Scbool 

lfanT 1ndiv1duall ot bit;h &OTern•nt~ labor, and social etamlin& haft 

"""""•"ad t.hia school lroa t.1Jie to Umo, includin& Ire. Franklin D. aooaeYSlt, 

lira. Buso L. Black, John L· Lewis, lire. Harold L. Ickes, Sidne;r BiU..n, and. 

others. 

To raise tunct. for thia echOol, )(flea Bort.oo and other• haft spent a 

&roat deal ot time in tho north tryl.og to enlist. the aid ot prominent oduca.t.ora 

and political !ie;ure•• Thia acboolma also p~sent.ed COI!i!ii1Ul1ty progra• an4 

Oeneri t.a in Yon t'il>~ele in an error\ to 1;1-in t.hll aup;>crt. or the local c:1 Uaene . u •oil u to educate tbl pereona in the 1urrouodin& co=nit.iea. .llthou&h t.M 

/1

1 school h<lll boon branded by many as Co=niet, there ia no substantial eT1dence indic~t.1ng that it 1a controlled by the .Comr::unist Part)". Ho11ever, there are 

nc:lil~·rcus indicat1ona that the school 1a liberal and radical and, tharerore. 

oppos'O'd by cor.11ervati Til B. 

(61-7511) 

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• UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

DATB:l·larch 18, 1948 

:C:efe1·ence is r.ade to section A of SAC letter~ 

i>:t_e::. l'"rch 2, 1;!1>8. There nre no recognized "CoJmnuniEt Front" 

or-:c.n:!z::.t:"ons active vithin the territory of the F'Jlorville 

D::visicn. The onl.y t:r.xee croups, suspected of CoD!l'!unist affiliat:'on, 1rl:ich hme I"enbers in this district, are set out herewith. 

\.A oo 

.t 0 --- The So1•thern Conference for HU!'laJl l<elfare, cited in the 

r :S2nc-e 1Jn-,'.r.:erlc·.n Activitie:; Committee P=!'hlet, han its he9.dqu:lrterc for this area at tiaohville. '~'wmesnee, vi thin the !l;en:phis 

dictr:!.ct, c.nil therefore no atter.:pt ;rill be'lnde by this office to 

C'\.1r.1l'l:l.r:l~e its 11"-tUl'e. There is no local croup of Southern Cor.;ference 

for !Lur.:.n ,,·:el.fo.re orGc.nized and active in the Knoxv·ille .:.re~, ulthotlOh 

there are ::.· ;fcv Y.nmm ne:nberc residing in 'this district. 

I 

f<tr'~ 

&-""' -......The Southern ITe3!"o Youth Conc~"ess has. nome menbers in --

C:1-:'.t"t:-1:-:;o.:.:;::o. -uut iE: f!r")t listen. ::...nd h:;:,s no orJc.r.izod 01-~0tl:p or 

::.c-tlv~~ "ty :i..,.1 t1:is r:.re3.. On the ros8lbil:i ty th~"t. thiG tp"OU:P L:B.Y 

1:-c ::fi':..l:::~,ted ·.r:•.th the J.;c.tio!"!o.l ITe_:ro Conc;rezc ['J'ld :?.S this cro1.1r 

:::-.c ::.t:.' }.c~~G.qn:~j"tcrs for thio are~ in Birr.J~~n_:;·)-p~·-, .\l.~.b~J.::., :f_t is 

i:,ei:12 :.:.ssrc-:-.or1 th:·~t tJ-1e TI::.l"''.li!:G11c-n office \.·ill fltrnish a s}::et~h i.f 

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CONF~HIAL 

• 

Loy,'.l ty of GovernL<mt En:ployees 

::noxv Hle - I !c1rch 131 1948 

liiG!IL 'Jill"'P. FOLIC SCEOOL 

JlontEJc{;le, Ten.TJ.essee 

1. :Jo·~ cl ~-eU i:r;l the IIoEse Un-~"'.::ler5..c:.n ~·~ctl v.i ties Coml'P~ ttee 

t-J 

C!assifl~e~)r~ Decla~s· n: OJUlR cJ-(}TJci['?-J 

c91+S53.?.-

{o/_ 151/-133 

e-JCLOSURE 
4-750 (2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more, of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) J _7 ~---~ ·-------- with no segregable 

material available for releasP to ~:ou. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only' to a third part:o-·. Your namP is list(.'d in the title only. 

LJ Document<s) originating with the following go,TmmPnt agcnn(iPsl ~~-~ 

_________ _ ______________________ , was/wprc· forwardL;d to thPrn for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to Ow following gm·prnment agt>ncy(iesl; 

______ _ ________ a~ t.hP information originat{'d with them. You will 

hP -'lrl,·i.;;ed nf availability upon rdum of thl' rnatcrHtl tn ttw FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for thC' following n.•ason(s): 

Q('~F'or your information U 'TfE..K _E_c c Ill ~ _Tl/~i_E~ __ _j;.] [< T~'---------

~-~,~following number is to be used for n_•f(•renc·e regarding thc>sc pagc>s: 

12L~_'l5 II - I 3-'f- _____ _ .. __ ~-

Xl:XX\X 

Y.XXXXX 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

F"81/DOJ 
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September 221 1948 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN fr~Cl!!SS!fli:D . _ ·.· ~ DATE c? "&:LBYSP?r;;lj . D.-1-.J 

' 

IJear 

!our letter of September 91 1948, bas been received and t.he .!' 

contents carefully noted. !our courtesy and interest in mald.ng t.his 

information available are indeed appreciated. .,. 

I regret, however 1 tba t I am unable to comply with your 

req,wst <OS this llureau is precluded from furnishing information to 

other than authorized sources through a long-standing policy pro-

''"l..;ated by the Attorney General. I am sure that you will realize 

the necessity for such a procedure. 

Sincere~ yours, 

- ~ - ,-. -, 

_-:-~l-75'//-')3f • 

John Edgar Hoover 

Director 

100-33049-4 

cc 

Memphis 

'·. ,J Led_.:=. 

·•cr:_ ~------

COMMUNICATIONS SECTIOI'i 

-/.MAILED 4 

'-tc SEP 2 2 1948 P.M. 

ftDOAt IUIIUU Of INVfiTifiATIOII 

U.S. D"Atll.fU Of JIIITK:f 

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ST--NO.O< Q:· 

Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

SUBJECT: 

Director, FBI 

SAC, Birmingham 

~oiG. LANDE FOLl~ SCHOOL 

I\ ERl:AL SECURITY - C 

(BureDu Fil.ll.J~-"4) 

6 copy 

letter appears 

of origin in this matter, 

DATE: November 8, 1548 

A copy of~letter is, therefore, being sent Knoxville 

:"cr in:"or!'.aticn. The fil~s of this office are ne.,ative as to 

c•· r~cx~ille (encl) 

.· .. ,. • -~- ''- ~_f· 

'r,. ~. '. 

'·--~ -"-
4-750 (!/,-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

X XXX XX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in th<' file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

[J("' Deleted under exemption(s) __J-__7 (_ ' A.. _22_ _______ with no segregable 

material available for releasP to you. 7 

D 

0 

u 

Infonnation pertained only to a third part~' with no reft•rPnce to you or the subject of your request. 

Infonnatjon pertained onl~· to a third part~. Your IHimC' is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with thP following gt,vt•rnmt•Jtt ag(~nt·v(iPsJ __ _ 

____________ _ , y,.as/wPrc' forward~d to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl' following govPrnmPnt agt:>ncy(ies); ------------

------- __ as Hw infonnation originated with them. You will 

bP edvi~eri of availability upon rPtum of the matt>rial to th(' FBI. 

Page(s) withh(+i for the following rt:.'ason(~): 

··-------~~ 

0 -For your information: 

~~~ T~o nrrr: is /

3bc i;'cd :)~~cfcrence regarding thes_e_p_a_g_e_s_: ___________ _ 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X xxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI(OOJ 
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HIG!i!J,.l:D!i.R f'JLK SCHOOL 

r:n·U>Jlii.L SE.CU!liTT - C 

Buroau rUe ff6l-7$U 

• 

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toe au-u ia 1n receipt ot a· lett.ar !rom t.be IPu1.8v1ll.G · · ~·!fico dated 1larch ) 1 1949, nt.t~ forth in!onaUon with re&&rd · t.o the Gubject. orga."lizaticn. the LouisvU.l.e l"tter1 a copy o! 

l<hich ill attached hereto, adviDes that 1tll letter 1a 1n l"eflpOir!M 

t.o a J'O<tUCat received 

to haft 

Tho Bureau ia not in pooseaaion of an7 Wormat.ioa 

re;;untin& t.'le 1\Ubjoct ortani~tion reficctirJ& 1lll,y 1.hi.s 0%'&£1Xliat1on 1zs of intercat at tM.s Ume. Therefore, 1\ is requested 

t.hat ycu advise the Iluri!au as to rva.sorus why that ~u1.ry W&l 

~~-~~uisville Or!ioe cones~ the eubject gl'Otlp •• 

"-v f;fo."lt 

cc: Louisville 

Yo'lr file P,61-42 

. ; 1:i iJ 

l'j • I 

. _,-·,·· 
.' 

.; TO 

-a.~M : 

~~JECT: 

rJ A .- '--

--- ' ' 

DmECTOR, Flli 

SAC I KNOXVILIE 

HIGHUNDER FOIK SCHOOL 

llm:miAL SECUEM - C 

' . . '.,]_;: ................... , ···~···..!......"' ._ ... ::.'..:... .. ..:::......:-·.:..... L.--~ -~--

....... 

"' -.' I::' r 

UNITED STAfES GOVERNMENT 

DATI!: 3-9-49 

Reference is made to Louisville letter to the 

Director dated March 31 1949. 

Considerable investigation has been conducted by 

the Knoxville Office in the case entitled "Highlander Folk 

School; Internal~curity - C" (Bureau file number 61-7511). This investigati disclosed no proof of Communist control 

or domination the conduct of the school, althoush there 

were lllBlJ3 indf~ons ot l:!.bera11 if' not radical, interests 

in it. MYIE9:l10RTON1 Director of the school, is reputedly 

a Socialist lind runs the school primaril,y as a training school 

for labor leaders. The school is ostensibl.y supported by the 

CIO. 

During the period in 1941 in which ~ states 

that he had conversation with an unknown 1nd1vid~­

lender Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, DO investigation 

conducted by this office at that time developed any information 

that the Highlander Folk School was utilizing wire-tappine 

equipment 1 or that they were in any manner engased in such 

activities. 

As the incident referred to in referenced letter 

took place a nuriber of years ago and, as before stated, investigation at that time does not substantiate information 

fm·nished by him now, the case is not being reopened. at this t~~ and no fur-ther action will ba takan by this office ur~esa 

advised to the contrary by the Bureau. 

Should call at the Knoxville Office, 

as is indicated by 1 he will, of course, be 

received, and. any fUrther information which he cares to offer 

>rill be dul,y recorded. The indices of the Knoxville Office 

;rere checked with negative results for any previous references 

to 

. ;·.-~r· .•... ~ -, ._., . ,~-::-·· .. •.· 

. . 

/. 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in tht' filL'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) ,L _ _7 _c__-/ __ d-_~Z]? __ . ____ with no segregable 

material available for releasl' to ~·ou. 

0 Infonnation pertained on!~· to a third part~· with no rekrf'nce to .\·ou or the subject of your request. 

~ lnfonnation pertained only to a third lJart\. Your narnP il-' ii~tPd in the title only. 

~ Document(s) originating with thP following g\)\'t'mnwnt ag~._·nt::v!iv~l __ 

_ _ , wa~/wt>rc forwarde-d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to t.lw following goyprnmcnt agPncv(ies); _ 

_______ _ ________ a~ ~h(' infixmotion originated with them. You will 

h~~ advised of avail~hilitv upon retum of th~, nwtl'rial to the FBI. 

Page(sJ withheld for the following rPasnn(s): 

-··---------- -----··--- ---------

U .For your infonnation: 

'\AXXX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE<Sl ~ 

X NO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

F8t/DOJ 
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~· "'JJI,.;FICE 01= DIRECTOR 

~ll Mr. T!Jton 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Mr. Ladd __ _ 

l 

Mr. Clegg 

Mr. Gla~i RuwdiP,f-n:fl;e!lhOlmC:aN,i~:.'ti•l~~l:cl!f. Mr. Nic · n.LL r-tru~, ... , 1 I vi~\..!...., •• , \ hC.U ... R n .r. 01en ____ __ 

HEt<EI~~~1ASSIFIED. 1 Mr. Traey DATE BY /W[bD/Q!f.r. Harbo_ 

CJCrS"S<Jd.... "(71 Mr. Joneo __ _ 

Itt!: Secretaru to Ju4~e Davia Z::. Mr. Mohr __ _ 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

.:za:tbi:!I··Phoned. ~azelon Te!e. Room __ ( Mr. Nease __ _ 

Phone No·-----~-- Mia a Holmes 

Hour12:50pmDaleFebruary 10 19~ 

~ , r 

REMARKS 

The secretary stated that J/tdge Bazelon has ~eccived a request for a donation to the 

.-iir;hlar:der Follr: School, lfon·teagle, Tennessee, 

and he, Judge Ba2c1on, would like to kr.ow 

if the Bureau ccn furnish him any information 

co;:cerning this Echool. After cloecl;ing, the 

secretary was referred to J:r. Laughlin, in J:r. 

1<"letcher 1 s office. 

J:r. Laughlin advises that Jiles are 

clzecl;ed and appropriate action will 

I ' 

-- .· .o· •. 

~!'''"~". )11 r..t;r~' .__ .. 

\\1 

'~ ·. ·." 

being 

be tcl;en. 
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STANDA~t., .A ,._ 

Office Memo~~ndum · UNITED sTAY4s ~~MENT 

l5c. H. B. F~"'l:CHER): ioNF~NTJAI... DATE: February l01 vl950 

-~-· • • "'' """' . ·- - !. ' .. ,.,_"_ ·~· 

TO 

FROM !"' 1 L IA""HL~ ··!·t :r!rr'C.'l\lil•....,.,. ,, ,.,_ __ .. :~,~ .. ,~. .,/, ~ .. ~ -·--- SUBJECT: dJ HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL n,;;;~ ;;;;~,~~~~~·rzn- ='"--

IIIT L;?..':AL SECURITY - C O.'nu:tWISE._ ,_., """'"'--

By reference from the Director 1 s 

+.ele)hone call at 12:50 P.M. today from 

sa:Ld she is secretary to 

Circuit Court of Appeals. 

i~d received a letter from Folk School in ~ 

l.iontea~le, Termessee, requesting a donation, and the Judge wa~ 

to kno·.v whether the Bureau had any inforn:ation in its files 

"co barding this institution ~t.1ich might be made available to him • . I told that I muld look into this matter 

and call 

Tne Bureau files show that we have conducted an extensive 

L::esti;ation of the Hichlander Folk School. On February 21 1 19471 

c:-.u·suant to a request made by J.:r. Bazelon of Assistant to the 

·:' ·.·<>c-'.:or E. A. Ta!:nn on February 141 1947, we forwarded to }':r. Bazelon 

& .. ''C'v:-anriun su:mc.arizing inforuation con"uained in our .files as o:f 

~ ~_,t .• ,:,cr, 1942, pointinc out that no subsequent in.forr:Jation had 

·G00il rcce5.vod since that. time which Y10uld materially chance tile 

r

1." t.a contained in that rer.!orandlli!l. 

The Hi::;hlander Folk School of J,:onteaclc, Tennessee, is 

_, ntin11ed in several places in the Dies Committee P.eport (Volumes l 

a:1a 10- 61-7582). HC'vlever,the School has not been cited as being 

._, __ _ ,,.,"'----

_ .. '--_ 

...... __ _ 'hll. Roc._ 

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\' 

• 

::; ur.T-nunistic. _,-

RErnrn1rr) _ m !.I) 1- rJ-.!:> II 

In a statement made by Mr. Walter S. Stee e be.fore'fl:.i~ __.L. - , 

.. ,ecial Co!ll'tittee on Un-Anerican Activities on December 291 l934,Ft.b : · ' 

(<... muc.l\:.cl · '· · • · - I "'"rvr:cn 117 1. ~ 

0 )Syr-} r-ci<~ssme<~ ~~~-l?f.r .· ~/ CON~NTIAL Occlassi¥n\.O,q) -;J:J.. c,; 
,. '. 

,_. 

ao:>:-;ears the followin;;: "Of the other separate Commurti.stic and 

radical •theatrical' branches in the U.S. we shall mention: 

•••• (e) Hit;hlander Folk School Dramatics Club, its purposes, 

lao or plays •" 

It is reconnended that I be permitted to call 

and tell her that the Bureau previously had submitted a memorandum 

re:;ardir.c the Highlander Folk School to J.:r. Bazelon when he was 

·:,"~ th tll<J De;Jartc:ent on February 21, 1947, and also to tell her for 

the Jucge 1s i.nformati on that while there are several references to 

t!1is group in the Dies Cot:1Illittee orts, it has not been cited 

by that body. If you a::;ree nill be so advised. 

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RECORDED • 87 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~l~~~CLASS!FIED o0 DATE . ±-BY SPRt:>IQ-I c?-1-~ :::> (jc:l._ 

tl 

~) 
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RECORDEDINDEXED- 67 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN l~r~CLASSIFIED· 

DATE ~ ~ BYbP'ir~if

'ci'+~-~ ' 

r 

/~ 

I 

;· 

L 

• c 

i 

Your letter dated september 2 1 1950 

has been received. 

I am 

Your courtesy in forwarding this information is appreciated 

grateful for the interest which prompted your communication. 

a

~:1 In the event you receive additional data which you 

'· ·' ·or interest to the FBI, it is suggested that you communicate 

the Special Agent in Charge of our New Orle~s Offico 

believe to 

directly w

L.. 

L located at :\300 :zasonic Te:;<ple 'Builditlg~ N<n>· Orleans 121 Louisiana. 

,,,..,_. · · · · ~; · ; · J ~.- r · o 

Glutn__ 

~:~ cc: SAC, 'Knbxville .(Y!ith copi, . · f t.inco~g)i. ' -. ) •t ~ "''"'"'-- SAC' New Orlean!! (Tiith co!il ot 1ft¢<?nnng ' I 

:··- .. , . . .. - o 1 . · rv 

,.,.;:_ Bureau f:Uefi reflec.~ ,no identifiabllf; ~ C'1· r; ~mcerely yours, 1

, f 

"""''"'-- informction concerning correspondent. J [A.. ~~-"" li ., 

;,:. ,.~-- !\ This is being Jurnished for your • ;I it 

'·""-- t";. information and possible future ./ 1 _,

""''F--7T r .-,... 7 refe.re.nce. John Edgar Hoover · ' 

h~LJ' ti}.':~~\\r/ Director ;yi)

~~~~8!.i~'Jr~~lifaJJ~1l111~~0fTi~T · ...... ,·.,.. . ,. '..-- \::·:· .. 

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( ·_ 

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·~ 

' 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

...... 

December 10, 1950 

Mr. Hugh H. Clegg 

Assistant Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Clegg: 

I was pleased to read from the International Labor 

llews Service that you feel tret the "success or 

communism" can be measured by tre weaknesses or 

democracy. I am lead to believe by your analysis 

of the situation that you wculd approve tlie enclosed 

stat.Pment of policy of the Highlander Folk School. 

In the South people are often criticized who believe 

as ~ do here at Highlander that discfimination is 

incompatible with democracy. In fact I was told 

recently by one of your agents that the contents of 

the enclosed news release would be considered commu_rU.stic by a majority of Southern :;:eople. 

I sincerely trust that till position taken by you in 

the New York Herald Tribune forum is the official 

position of the F.B.I., and not the position implied 

by the activities of your representatives who have 

questioned our neighbors regarding visits of Negroes 

to the School. 

Would you clear this matter up for me? 

i 

,-... 

... 

< 

I 

·.J . ;; of 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED t/ 1-1 V 

HEREIN IS U

1

NCLASSIFIED 1/ ,'). ~ / 

DATE ,Jiactt8'4 BY ('VP!~~ RECORDED · 21l 

·-·· -. ·, • ,...f"''. l"'<t I "''~1" ~ 

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OF.\ J & IS5r / 4,~-7 34 • I. . \"'l \ • . 
• 

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{: 

\ 

:;- ~.:.;;~ 

Hig)'llander Folk School 

"-lon te agle , Tenne sse e 

tor immediate releaee 

iJonteagle, Tennessee •• , Nove!Jlber 20, 1950 •• ,"Our Christmas bells could 

be freedom bella if we dared include all minorities in our circlE' ot brotherFolk School, 

"Freedom bP.lls ringing in the cabins of Negro sharecroppers, ringing 

tor eager minded students with opportunities limited by accident of b!.rth, 

and :freedom bells echoing in d!.stant lands could .fill the troubled world with 

+h"ne:hts o:f' peace on earth and good will toward man," he said, 

''Hig)'llander's democratic program is based on the brotherhood or 

man. De1110cracy to us JDPans that memt:ership in the hUIIlBn famil,y entitles all. to 

the :freedom o:f' thought and J:Elligi.on, to equal ~hts to a liVPlihood, education 

;!.n<:l health; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural li:f'e or th8 

cor:1"!unity and to equal access to public services," the religious leaders were 

told. 

"Vle hold that derJOcracy is inactive unless workers are given a :f'ull 

voice in industry throug)'l unions; or :f'arrrers are given a voice in Ule market 

plc.~-e through coorere.tives; or wrere freedom or thought and discussion is 

limited; and the.t democracy is outlawed by leogally E'ntrenched dis crimination 

a;,c segregation, 

"The ti!Ms call tor an af:f'irmative program, based on a positive goal," 

""' ~ Horton. "An army of democracy deeply rooted ,in the lives, struggles and 

traditions of the Americsn people must bE' created, By broadening the scope 

of democracy to include everyone, and deepening the concept to include every 

:relationship, the a:nny of democracy would be so vast and so deterlllined that 

nothing undemocmtic could stand in its path.• 

tf ;- 75"'11- /L),;;.. ~j"· ......... , •... 

• 
/ 

' ' 

..... .. .... c; • 

HIGHLANIER FOil{ SCHOCL 

STA 'JE,JFNT OF PIJRPO~, PROORIJ,i AND POLICY 

We reaffirm our faith in democrRcy as a goal that will brlng dignity and 

freedom to all; in democracy as an expanding concept encompassing h~unsn 

reletions from the smallest comr.Junity organ!.zetion to int.E-metional structure; and j)E'nneating all economic, social., and political activities. 

Democracy to us means th«t membership in the human family l"!Jtitles all to 

freedom of thought and reJ ig:!.on, to equal rights to a livelihood, education 

and h~alth; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of 

th~ comr.-.unity and to equal access to pub::..ic services. 

Vie hold thPt de:nocracy is inactive unless workers rre given a full voice 

in industry through unions; or faim'ra are given ~ voice in the market 

ol'ce through cooperatives; or whl!re :freedCIIll of thought end discussion is 1~-r.ited; thPt dei'locracy is outlawed by l<'gally entrencood discrbdnation 

and s<"gregation; that there must tx> div .. raity of approach but each step . 

J".<.~st b<" in conformity with the goal, which is dishonored by each undemocratic act. 

·.:it!-: " democratic goal, we are in a position to fight anything that gets in 

·~- ··.~~-, ···1-)nt!)er it tx> totalitarian communism, or fascism or monopoly 

dol'linate d capitalism. 

T"e ;·urpace of the Highlander Folk School is to as~ist in creating leader-

. '. ;,,r deor,ocracy. Our services are available to l~bor, farm coqmunity, 

T(':.:,sious and civic organizations wotking toward a democractic goal, 

· "F ~ ·ture of a specific educational program will be detE'l'l:Jined by the needs 

'":-_.- ~ 1:.-1.1dents. 

. e · r tlw services of the School by indiVidual organiz-"tions vdll be in 

· ··.· ": "-~" with th<>ir own policiPs so long as th>?se policit>s do not conflict 

•.'ith th<> purpose!: Q,f the School. J:. staff menber will assist in planning 

~.c:d ~.:;,;rciinating all progra·15. · 

.. · ).: ~:.•_\"r I"olk School is a ch8rtR:t'ld institution, COO!J"ratively owned 

'"-' t,!,P t~ cching staff. It has ho affiliations. The policies and program 

"·!' '·' o 5chool arE' wholly det,nnined by an Executi ·o~e Council composed of the 

' ,_.,., ,-,- "" .1 recognized South~>rn leaders. 

' ·l 

'Cit:':l2"d"r Folk School is supported by contributions from individuals, organiza'ciC>ns SE'rved by the School, foundations and tuition. 

7':~ t,',y,..,s call for an affirmative program, based on a positive goal, An ~r:u:; cf ecmocracy deeply rooted in the liVf's, strur.rles and traditioll5 of t~,e Ar::wrican people must be cX"'et.E-d. By broadening thE' scope of democracy 

t.:> inc:udc f'v..ryone, and deepening thP ccncPpt to include every relation-

•.)•' n th" •r:\v of de!llOcracy would be 110 vast and so cletR:rml.ned thrt nothing 

,·· ·: "-, ~ :>uld stand iii its path, 

c •· · l"'vcd t>y the Executive Council~ april )rd, 1950 

t 1- 7.S /j- 1'1- :z_ 

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Inasmuch as it was felt that it would be more desirable for this 

letter to be answered by Mr. Clegg over hie ~ signature rather than to 

have an answer over the Director's signature, 1a(memorand'Wil was routed to 

Mr. Clegg on the afternoon of December 22, 1950, in order that he might 

prepare the letter. Mr. Clegg returned the memorandlllll for preparation of 

a reply by the Security Division. It was received on the afternoon of 

December 26, 1950, (after the Christmas holidays) by the Security Division 

for this purpose. lml:tediately another reply to Horton was prepared dated 

the followj_ng day, December 27. 

On January 3, 1951, the letter was returned to the Security Division, 

requesting that another reply be prepared for ~las Horton, this time deleting 

a sentence that was in the previous letter. This was done immediately and 

the revised letter was approved and mailed on January 3, 1951 • 

I - t 

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STN-'b.'ID .-OM.!:-Na.-14 u - -. 

Office Memolandum • . lf":,f " ~-'\--~ 

UNITED STJl'fES GOVERNMENT 

TO THE DIRECTOR 

FROM • D. M~dd , 

SUBJECT: lY HIGHL ER FOLK SCHOOL r/ ~~ •:::" 

MYLE HORTON, DIRECTOR ALLINFOR~t1ATION CON~ I ~:== INTf<.:R AL SECURITY (C) HEREI~S NCLASSIFIEO " ~:"'-

PURPOSE DATE a:LBY 0p[6~~.,:,; '"~ ri JOL To .explain~_J>.ur~u~nt _to yoUF. ;-eques~, __ the _del~y in 

answering the letter of Myles Horton~ director or the Highlander · Folk School._ -- · - - - ----- . 

DETAILS 

Under date of December 10, 1950, Myles Hort~n, who is the 

subject of a closed security investigation, wrote a letter to 

Assistant Director Hugh H. Clegg (letter and enclosures attached), 

asking Mr. Clegg to comment on a news release which set forth the 

aims and purposes of the Highlander Folk School. He further made 

reference to an alleged statement made by an Agent of the FBI concerning the news release. 

According to the various time stamps, the letter was ~aceived at the Bureau on December 15, 1950 (Friday). It was 

received in Mr. Tolson's office at 4:06 PM, December 18 (Monday). Mr. Clegg's office received it at 5:10PM, December 19. It was 

received back in Mr. Tolson's office at 5:56 PM, December 20. 

It was received in Mr. Ladd 1 s office ~t 6:15 PM, December 20 and 

WB.s received by the Security Investigative Division (Mr. Belmont's 

office) on December 21, 1950, for handling. 

It was noted in Myles Horton's letter that he accused an 

Agent of making an improper statement and in order to clear up this 

item, SAC Robey of Knoxville was telephonically contacted at 11:00 AM, 

December 21, 1950, and instructed to make inquiry among the Agents or 

his office to determine if any Agent had made the alleged statement. 

On the same day, while awaiting a reply from the Knoxville Office• 

a file review concerning the Highlander Folk School and Myles Horton 

WflS made. 

A teletype reply was received from the Knoxville Office 

at 5:21 PM, December 21, 1950, wherein the alleged statement referred 

to in Horton's letter was emphatically denied. On the morning or 

December 22, 1950 (Friday), a memorandum was prepared, setting forth 

background data concerning t~e Highlander,fo}k se)~l;~d Myl's 

Hor·ton (attached), to which was attached ibf~po£eg;;nf3fJlr-'oo;/fJ Myles Horton over your signature. . · J-- ~\) ~ AN 20 1951 () 

Attachment ·. x_cf':<~ · , .. 1 .Ytv ,. l"7_(---

~· 

61-7511 · t,. •!-\" 

· · · 

• lf...,.:;~ED ~ ~ • ~~"'r /_,; IJft •t/ 1 r-;) ./ 

v ~ ' l........- ~ 

!~JAN 2~f19511 ~ 7 
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,.,.Gt .... --

Mt. Jlicbo~ -

. ' 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR H.H. CLEGG, BUREAU. RE TELEPHONE CALL INSPECTOR -'-

LAUGHLIN TODAY. MYLES HORTON CONTACTED DECEMBER SEVEN, FIFTY BY SAS t 

'C) 

AND IN CONNECTION WITH THE ' 

WILLIAM WALTER REMINGTON PERJURY CASE. 

) 

BOTH AGENTS STATE 

----------- :·,S~y;~'-~ \ i :~·~PHA2_IC~~LY THAT HO~T~N_DID NOT SHOW THEM NEWS REl.E~SF;_ REFERRED TO ~ 

:>', .. . ;,'.:;, ···:IN HIS. LETn:R TO l'lR. CLEGG DATED DECEMBER TEN LAST AND NO STATEt·lENT z 

() •. • • -• :~:; G~; I:~ :HE: I ::::TS~:;:H::~~D ,:;:: :::~:;;~: :?::~:~: ::: T::;: G § 

. -) ~~~~_::i FOR\;ARD.ED TO BUREAU • . . . ,".-": 

. ;.j ROBEY ·--~. 

-... · .. 

EtJD '. ·_- .f 

ACK AND HOLD PLS 

5-25 PM OK FBI 

60APR2519m 

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~-'H~D FORM ..0. 64 cr ;;.. <r ~ 

Office Memora~d~~ · uNITED sTATVs GovERNMENT 

TO 

FROM 

JJR. A. H. BELMON~ ((tP.. L. L. LAUGHLd_-

DATI!: December 21, 1950 

1'olaon __ 

..... __ ,,...___ 

, , SUBJECT: 

~ ·_,'1GHL' 'fDER FOLK r;;t;;OL 

MYLES HORTON, DIRECTOR 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

Ol.e.Yln __ 

111eh01.a_ 

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(Bureau File 61-7511) 

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---- tele. 110011_ I called SAC Robey of Knoxville at 11:00 A.M. today ...., __ and read to him the letter addressed to Jlr, Clegg by Myles Q ...., __ Horton, Director of the Highlander Fol'lr School, Monteagle, kjr.«..n .. Tennessee. I also dictated to Jlr, Robey the press release <"~1v' 

attached to Mr. Horton's letter to Jlr.. Clegg. V' \'· 

Mr. Robey was instructed to ma~e the necessary _ i~>q,.iry among the .Agents of his Office for the purpose of 

identifying the .Agent who, according to JJ~. Horton's letter, told 

him that the contents of the news release which he enclosed with 

his letter would be considered Communistic by a majority of the 

Southern people. 

I requested Mr. Robey to loo'lr into this matter 

immediately and to furnish the Bureau very promptly with the 

results of his inquiry • 

LLL:mer 

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RfCO.on · / 

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1JAN 191951 

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

DATE: December 22, 1950 Tolson __ 

FROM : Er. Belmtlo 

C) 

SUBJECT: iiiGillt.:..,ND' FOlK SCHOOL 

lfYI.:·: JQRTON, illRECTOR 

Im'ERNAL SECURITY - C 

Bureau file # 61-7511 

!.&":--- Clegg __ 

Glavin __ 

Nlehole __ 

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' k.oasn __ 

Tracy __ 

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Purpose: 

?1L INFORMATION COfHAINtD 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED f' . , 

DATE t2(01-9l'ii BYSP£$ 

To recon~,;end that the attached letter be approved for 

transmittal to Myles Horton, Rirector of the Highlander Folk School • 

This letter is in reply to a let •~r ·;•i;ich Horton directed to A.ssistant 

Director H. H. Clegg at the Bureau. 

Details: 

Under date of December 10, 1950, Horton wrote the attached 

letter to Assistant Director H. H. Clegg. He attached a statement of 1 

purpose, program, and policy of the Highlander Folk School which was 

approved by the Executive Council on April 3, 1950, and a press release 

of the school dated November 20, 1950. In his letter Horton indicated 

that a Special Agent of the Bureau had commented that the news release 

would be considered Communistic by a majority of Southern people. He 

contrasted the alleged statement of the Agent with the recent position 

taken by Assistant Director Clegg at the "New York Herald Tribune" I~ ; l'OrulUe . . 

l!s.r~o __ 

Selm:mt __ 

llohr __ 

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On December 21, 1950, the Knoxville Office was telephonically 

contacted and advised of the alleged statement made by a Special Agent 

of the Knoxville Office. Under the s~~e date the Knoxville Office 

replied by the attached teletype that xyles Horton had been contacted 

on December.}., 1950, l?Y Special Agents and - · in connection with the William Walter Remington perjury 

case. D:>th AGents have stated emphatically that Horton did not show 

them the news release referred to in Horton's letter to Assistant 

Director Clegg and no statement 1ras made by either Atient that would 

even re:notely approach Horton 1s allegations. 

For your information the Highlander Folk School is the 

subject of an eight section Bureau investigation. This school was '· \,, 

founded in Monteagle, Tennessee and a charter of incorporation, under 

the Code of Tennessee, was taken out on July 31, 1934. The school 

at __ its inception liaS auppo:r-ted by_ ~ambar~ __ 9! t~! SocialiSt ~t"t:t 

Jii.losure 

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o:!' national_Erominl!!!C~in~luding Norman Thomas. The school was founded 

nto provide an educational center in the South for the training of' 

ruraL and industrial leaders and for the conservation and encouragement 

of the indigenous cultural values of the mountains." Myles Horton, the 

present Director was one of the original incorporators. A. st~o.t' 

the program of the Highlander Folk_School indicates that the school 

followed the_ Communist Par_ty __ !~ to a .certai~ degree! Literature 

received by and distributed by the school consists or labor pamphlets, 

maeazines, Socialist literature, and to some extent Communist literature. 

The school is not believed to have passed out pamphlets of the Communist 

Party as such but has contented itself with providing publications such 

as "Soviet Power," "Communist Manifesto," and literature which presents 

the broad picture of Colllllluni&m rather than that representing the nrious 

turnings of the Communist Party line. llany individuals of high Govern-

/ ment 1 labor and social standing have endorsed this school from time to 

,,'time, including Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, lolrs. Hugo L. Black, John L • 

I• T.P-wis, N.rs. Harold L. Ickes, and others. (61-7511-132) 

Horton was born July 9, !905, at Savannah, Tennessee. The 

investigation revealed that no definite proof of membership in the 

Co;-,munist Party has been developed concerning Horton; however, there is 

considet-able in!or::ation reflecting hi& close association with Communists 

and having Collllll1.L'li.st sympathies. 

Reco mendation: 

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trans1Jlitted 

H. Clegg. 
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M~. Uylea Ho~toa· 

Dt~ecttr 

Highlonde~ Tolk School 

!:onteogle 1 Tenneeue 

Deo~ 8i~1 7:1177 

Thta will actnowledge ~ou~ letter _, December 101 1950. 

It hae long been the eetabliahed 

procedure o/ thie Bureau to ~~~~otn /~oa oomment1ng o~ the statement o/ oima and purpose• o/ anr 

Ol'G'antcatton and1 thereto~e, we cannot comme11t 

on the paUc1ea of your school. 

Ftth regard to the etate~ent that you 

attrtbuted to a Special Agent o/ thte Bureau, th£1 

will a~utse that I haue ~hecked with the two 

Epectal A~enta who contacted you on December 71 1950. Tiley em.phatfcally den11 that you ehooed them 

the news release o~ that they made any etatew.ente · to you re~otely approach1ng your allegat,on. 

Hugh e. Clegg'-·. .. Auhtant Dt rector i 

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AU INFORMATION CQNJAIN.Eii.il -~ . 

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STNI'"'-ARD POft~ .. 

• ~Office Memofindum . . • GOVERN;MENT' 

TO 

llR. D. Jl. LA~~ ~ DATB: February 26# 19.51 

FROM 

SUBJECT: 

~· A. H. B 0 .--

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HIGHLANDER FOLI SCHOOL 

Int erntlJ. Sicurit ll - ·r:-

PURPOSE 

.. To recommend that the attached letter• to 

Roger 'Baldwin oj the/American Civil Libert tea l!nton and 

to Peyton Fora be approved. These letters as they no~ 

read conjorm to the tnstructfons oj the Dtrector whtch 

appear on the attached communications to these indtvtduala 

previously prepared. 

ACTION 

The· attached letters are being submttted joJ> 

your approval. 

, ' The , /,memorandum to 

•' being studied , immediately. 

Attachments 

questions raised by the Director on your . nim dated February 23, 1951, are presently 

and the answers will be furnished to you 

Tol!Jon Wid.-== 

Clegg __ 

Glavln __ 

Nlcholtl __ 

Roeen __ 

Tracy __ 

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Belr:.:~r.t __ 

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Tele. koom_ 

Nease __ 

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DATE JSt yq BY Sp K~~ ·- . ;!)..t-s ~ 1,1V 

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orflc.( Or THE DIRECTOR -... ':.--

tfnib~ itntre i!Jrpnrtmrnt of ilndirr 

ttlaeflington 2S. it~ CIT. 

February ~3J 195 

_'!r. Roger X. Baldwin 

:Jear ::r • 

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L"r. Pcuton Ford 

Deputy.Attorney General 

Director1 FBI 

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Te have, cf course, had occasion. to contact repreaentattves 

of this school on indtvi~ual caaes such as ap;>li.cant and security 

jnvestirattons. The purpose of the a;JpHcant tnquirtes has been to 

secure inforc:ation at tts source for gutclance o.f govern!lentcl . · a:enctes in considering a?plicants for a~potntment~ In fulfilltng ~ur responsibility to protect the Internal secu~i~y c.f the cour.try, 

the Federal Bureau of Investtgatton is charged to investigate any 

tndiv idual u_?on receipt of substantial t n]orma tt on reflecting 

that individual to be engaged in subversive acttvtty. We have tn 

the ?OSt conducted a lintted nu!lber of security tnvesttgattons qf 

ir.ciuiduals requiring inquiries at the Highlander Folk School. 

Houeuer, such i.nuesttgationa toere not inititJted on the basis that 

the tnciuidual toas engaged tn interractnl·educattonal acttvttte• 

nor was thts question considered tn any aanner during the cours• 

of the tnuestlgattoa. 

ifith reference to the letter you recetved fro• r~. "arne-tt, I can only sta~e that he has .. been ltltshlforl&ed .-' 

b1• Jf'!les !Iorton, director of the Highlander Folio; i:ichool. 

For uour further 'nformati on, in adciti on to the corrco:,~;c?Hience between Mr. Mules Horton and J!r. Cle[]g of thtB 

_!)urecu es reflected by the //later-tal enclosed ut th your me;:; or an dum 

of Fcb,.iwry 19, 1951, we have received a cormuntcatton j'roa 

l'r. Ro,-cr 11'. Ealdwin of the Anertcan Ctvtl Li bcrties Union on ~:.':e r:c:i-:? subject r:at~er. Copies of J:r. Balci;Di,n 's letter and my 

're,'Jl') t':ereto ere attached for vour information. 

Encl CD ure 
-,F DIR•<'foRf' 

Angeli ~ 

on. K•+rin• McCormick Bernel onoJif'l.ul 8. Bingham 

~n Dorr.thy Dunber lromlev 

:-' •rl Carmer 

: 1." \. -:hard S. Childs -:~ , :" rmen Cousins 

\.~" ;-.:,. .; ••rd J. En nil ~,.: -ris l. Ern$t --~·· ~-.:. F. Finerty 

· '':"·~ . w'illiam Fitelson 

.·amu lawre11ce Ftv 

':· !il O~mond K. Fraenkel 

W•lter FrMk V.1rian Fry 

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11rof. W•iter Gellhorn 

t.,_~ Arth>~r G•rfield Hey1 

. --~ AuQusl Hed~c.her 

~ ~n. John H&ynl!l Holm•s B. W. Huebsch 

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.:~ R~ '·John Peut Jones 

Dorothy Kenyon __ Corliu Lemont 

P- ~f. Edu,ud C. llndernu, D~:-.iaT>:n F. Maclii.Hin 

Merle Miller 

Herbert R. Northrup 

Me;,,n S. Pihelt 

e:~ntr ll.ite 

WliilfiCY NorTh S•ymcuf NorM.!II'I Thomu 

- ~ • William L White r~ ~"~!~•~--~~- w:rr;,.,.n 

NATIONAL COMMITTEE 

Thurman Arnold 

l!i$hop Jtt~T~u Ch.1mberl•in 81k1r 

Ro9er N. Baldwin 

h.r1ch Bidril• 

c,ef Ed""'" M. lorc~ard 

V<trt Wyci Brooh '.:.;.1 :i. ilud 

r·~. f-if"'t)' s,;d"l Canby ~ ; C' ;.,:m~r~ 

w;:,,,.,,, r-<~n"l' Chamberlin Ga•~¥ii·~ Clark Pr,:< f.'~, .. _. <;!~<·II' CoMmag•r 

Frr.~ Gl-~·g~ S_ Cout~h 

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' L{.>•,, fr-~t~f>IJ F'tlldic.k 

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~'l"'' c:-,.r•~s W Gilioey 

• r. l ~> G•<~ham 

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.•. ~C. H<J•tiH)II 

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,-. __ £,! ~ ..... Hulchin5 

2r C~.a,fc~ S. J,;hnson 

Pr Hero<.,,.,; W. Jdmum 

~cfdo li:•Oo 

F<'~;~cr.:r·, H. t::ar 

Cc_ Js!-.~ A. LiirJ.-p 

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.: t.~.;,n~ lov•!1 R~t<:>•r $_ lynd 

., V.nd.~i.t. 

I' "-1 o q~,;nd 

:. J. 1--i'-'!le 

Or, J. Robert Cpp~nheim.et 

~- ;~~., G eromley 01n111n 

F~·- ~~ .... d L. Par~ooni 

.)~ • G r .. : "'· .1- Pnilip R~nOolph 

'.1 ·.I :\oQotr>, J;, 

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Jo~r. Nevi~ Satr• 

!'~ 'I.e~. William Sc•li•tt Ar*kur M. Schiulnqu, Jt. 

J•-:~r;h :ir.hlo•~L>erg 

n r.l;.hepoHd 

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, ~ "•.ier S•l•er 

tC .. f·::.l.) 5).,oJr!ing 

Par.,:ond 5""inq 

~/ 1. P~r~•hv Tilly 

i--u<.-:r~ 'Wiii••rn• 

L t-!olli~qtw~rth Wood 

D; Wrl:i .. m Undsay Young 

MFII.JATEO COMMITTU$ 

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170 F11!TB AvENuE, NEw YoBII: 10, N.Y. 

ORegon 5-5990 

Ern•d AnQ•II Arthur &•rfl•ld H., 

fi.-.IC..-1 

Morrla L Ernst 

Gen.,-ot CouM.t 

Jon•than. I. linoha~n 

Chlrmfltl, loard ol DirKffH'I 

Rot•r N. llld•l• 

Cltolrman, Notloltel CotntnltiH 

Clifford Forster 

Patrick Murphy Molin 

fncuti¥1 Oiredor 

Georg. (. lundquist 

Al;ailfonf Di~ 

Herbert Mont• Levy Georg~~ $oil 

Mr. J, Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C, 

Dear Mr. Hoovert 

itJIC..,.-1 

!t has come to my attention as 

s 

Fblk Sch~~l at Monteagle, Tennessee, that agents of your office 

!\recently been conducting an inquiry into th~-~~1, apparently 

the ground that inter-racial education is somehow nsubversive•, 

on 

I cannot quite believe that any such attitude correctly reflects 

your rolicies. and therefore venture to SU£g,est the.t you n:.ay be 

interested to check up on the inquiry. 

Vie wodd aprreciate being advised of the facts as t'?. why any 

investigation of the school has been made, 

Ll H!FORrMTION CONTAINED 

EREIN IS UNCLASSlfltll 

ATE ctj&s ~~ BY--'>....U-J~dJ~<t ~~ aldwin , I 
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J..:r. Ror:er ll. Baldi!itii 

Chafrr.~n. Uattcnal Conntttee 

/"-ertcan ctvfl Ltberttea Untoa 

17[) FiJi?: Avenue 

JOe;; Tork J..~~ '!f.C~ ibrk a '-J 

Lear l'r. Bcli!wta: 

7:t1?5 

Recetpt ta ackno~ledged of your letter cated 

1'cbr1iary l.C, 1:;;51, concern tng the Highlander Folk t;chool 1 

in ~vhich you referred ~o the FBI's conductfn;;r an tnqutru 

into this scl:ool because of tts tnterro.ctal educate on • 

.A careful tnvesttcatton tnto thts •attcr 1laB estc.~ltshed t.hat;"JO investfratton by the FBI has been 

concucted of Ue ]it,r;hlcncler Fol,'!. School 011 the :round 

U.at tl.at ecl:ool or an:•one connected bith tt has IO,?or.~ored in-t£r.·acial ecl~attcr.al acttvtttes. Repre- Bcn~cttves of this Bureau l;aue had occasion to contact 

rcprc..Jcr.tettiu:s of tl;is school on inc'iutdual cnses such 

as n~plica~t and uecertty tnvcstt!~ttons. 

fir ":;er, since our contncts at tlie scho'>l 

~ t·e either been ~!svndcrstood or have hecc~e a sot·~ce of irrtta~ton to l'r • .l"1les !lorton, C:.trccior 

of ·I he scl:ool. I have tes:•ed a:,proprtate tnstructi ons ~ 

~o c'L:con-: tnue an!J C:.ircct contacts i..''lth represerl'aitues , '• c.-: a.f' t?zc :::chool. 

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(b .... 

Honorable J. Howard J.!cG.~~!IU.-"' 

United States Attorney Ge 

~lashington, D. c. 

The Highlander Folk School endeavors to put racial democracy into practice; consequently we can expect a measure of opposition. 

:le hardly expected, however, to have Negro students ne.de 

the subject of investigations by the Federal Bureau of Inwstigation. 

On October 11th I wrote Senator Estes Kefauver that FBI agents were 

asking our neighbors about the attenc'ance of Negroes and i'!lpl.ying 

t.loJc.t our- non-discrimination policy was co.-2:nru:·1istic and iounoral. 

Tr.is line of questioning has created confusion in tre minds of our 

m ighbors regarding the rights of Negroes to be at the School. 

On Dece:ober lOth I re.ised this cpestion Vlith !.:r. Hueh H. 

Cl<>[g, Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Inwstigation, 

a!ld quoted one of the FBI agents who had told n-.. that 00 thought 

our enclosed news release condemning discrirr.in::.tion would be. considered co:.n~;.'listic by a majority of Southern reople • 

The apparent confusion of racial. democracy with com'llunism 

by the FBI agents and the implication of this kind of thinking 

alarrred the Highlander Executive Council. members mo met January 22 

and 23 • 

.; :rP 111 F. B. ~- nLES 

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l:ic•:wra:Ole J, Howard McGrath page 2 January 31, 1951 

7:1163 

Cocmcil :re:r.bers were also disturbed by the exchange of 

ce>rn' :o.po;,:\:mce 'IVith J.\r, Clee,g. If agents can deny what they have 

so-.id, ti-t~;; can like•:rise rep:Jrt things they ha'·"" not been told, 5ince 

th.-,:; o;o in p;,lrs, the re rson int.erviev.ed is at a disadvantage, 

\'hth thi.r. problem in mind, a motion was made by Miss Lucy 

P..;,;;~·.:::.p~. l.icson ''that, be cause of previous mi.s·cl!,derstandings in intervi<'»~ ·,.•th Fi:il agents, tre Higblr.ndtor Director shall SpE'ak for the 

staff "-''-' :o.',a.ll ask that all qHestil>ns posed by any F".ai agents be 

p•Jt i:: ·;;nti.-:t£.• an:l shall make his replies inwiiting- provided 

l"ga2. co•.r.ccl &dvi:oes this action," 

The Cv.:ncil is not Nising the qu= stion af giving informcti::n, b..it of giv:ing it in such a 1~ay that the ,Ferson intf'rviev.<ed has 

the rrc·,c.ctio:. of a written rE'COrd. Could you advise us as to the 

kc,lity of the Co'-lncil propoeal that interviews be carried on in 

vrriting, 

He shal:!. gl"£"atly appreciate your advice on this matter. 
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mcpartmtnt of Jusnitt 

;ffirt of tht •tpulij AttorntM ltntral 

R!ai!Jin!lton 

February 19, 1951 

llr. !lyles Horton 

Director, Highlander Folk School 

llon teagle, Tennessee 

lly dear Mr. Horton& 

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This will acknowledge your letter of January Sl, 1951, addressed to the Attorney General, requesting advice about a problem growing out of the attendance of negroes at the Highlander 

Folk Scbool. You advise that the Highlander Executive Council 

tnembers are disturbed by the exchange of correspondence with Mr~ 

Hugh H. Clegg, Assistant Director of the F~deral Bureau of Investigation, and comment that if agents can deny what they have 

said, they can likewise report things they have not been told. 

You qvote a motion which was made by Miss Lu~ Randolph Mason, 

which provides that the Highlander Director shall speak for the\\ 

staff and shall ask that all questions posed by any F1li agents 

be put in writing and shall make his replies in wri tint: provided legal counsel advises this action. You then request the /I 

Attorney General's advice as to the legality of the council's · proposal that interviews be carried on in writing. 

I should first poin~&ut to you that the Attorney General 

is authorized by law to give~~aJice only to the President of the 

United States and to the various Department heads, in view of 

ll"hich I regret that the Department cannot advise you re;>arding 

the legal situation involved. It occurs to me, holl"ever, that 

there Ehould norrr,ally be no serious objection to having Special 

Agents contact the Highlander Director Tihen desiring inforroation 

from the st3ff of .the school as contemplated by the motion quoted 

in your letter. Furthermore, I would suppose that written replies to questions, either in the form of stenographic recording 

of the questions and answers, or in the form of affidavits, would 

be quite satisfactory. I believe trAt you will find the agents 

quite willing to acc~de to your desires in this r<:!spect. 

Yours sincerely, 

P~lL-1~1FO.RMATtON COtrrAiNED 

H ER8fHS-uNCl.ASSI£3,. , , 

DAf£=5-~~~n~/~ Pey-Wn Ford _0 ; Deputy Attorney General if~ & I- tJSII- I 

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Yebruacy 19, 19Sl 

llr. !!yles Hort.on 

Director, HiGhlander Folk School 

~ontea~le, Te~nessee 

l:y dear l.\ r, Bortosu 

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nda ll'ill acknoded,.e ,our letter ot Jan11.&17 31, 1951, addressed to the Attorney General, re~aestinG advice abo11.t a preble::~ &rowing out. ot tt.e attendance or ne&roee at the Highlander 

folk School. Yo-.1 'dvbe tLat the Ri~;blander Er..ecut1ve Council 

members are disturbed by the excbanbe ot correspondence with Mr. 

Hugh H. Cle.:;.;, Al!sistant Director of the Federal Bureau of In- veetig~tion, r.nd coar:,ent. t.ro&t if at;enta car. deny •hat t.hey haft 

said, ttey can lik'·•iae report thtr.cs tr.ey have not been told. 

You quote a motion ,.hicb 11BS Jlade by l!iss Lucy Randolph ~ason, 

wi•i ch provides that tl.e lli&hlander Di.rec tor shall speak !or the 

staff emd eooll a!!k tt,EJt all questions posed ty an;r FB! agents 

be put in llriting and shall ~ake his replies in -.;Ti tinL provided le.,&l ccunsel advises this action. lou then re~uest the 

Attcrr.{'y Goneral'a advice as to tl.~ let;ality or the c~-.mcil's 

fropos~l that in tc.n·ie'llo be c;,rr:!.ed on in ...,,.1 tbg. 

I sbould fir~t point o-..t to you tbat the Attc.r:::ey Oe:1eral 

i~ euthcrhed by la>< t~ t;1ve a·!vice only to tr.e Presid<"~t of U1e 

rnited ~.tetes ar;d to tbe "arlous Depurt.:nent r.eads, in >ie'~> o! 

•id_ch I 1 e~r-et t!1a.t tLe r-e~rt.~ent cannot a~vi£oa j'U"W rc~~llrdirlg 

tho lcc.al situiltivn i:lvolved. It oc.::ur~ to r.:e, ho¥<ever, ~hat 

tl':ere '![,o:J.ld P-crrwlly be no serious objection :Oo h£ivii1B Special 

Acents contact the iiitohl&nder Director .,;:en desirin& inforn:ation 

fro;::' tr.e staff of t:.e ~ck•ol ~:e conte-,:pl<.tcd b;r the 111ctiuu quoted 

1.:-> ~-uur letter. ~\lrtller,•ore, 1 wuld Cuf'I'Ose thet m-itten replies to qu~stior.~, eit.h~r in t.l.e fom of eLGnot;rat>hic recording 

of tLe questions E>r.d answE"rs, or in t.l.e forn of affloaYit.a, would 

b::. q11it<l s~tisfaclory. I helieve that yea l'lill find t.t.e &t;enta 

qnite ltilline: to ac~ede to ;rour dos1r£'t ir1 th!.a raspe=t. 

.. . , : 

Your£ e1ncerely, 

Peyton Ford 

Deputy Attorney General 

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Higtllander Folk School ~ionteagle, Tennessee 

:Jonteagle 1 Tennessee 

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for itmlediate releaee 

.. November 20, 1950 • • ."Our Christmas belle could 

be freedom bells if we dared include all minorities in our circlE> or brother-. 

hood," ~lyles Horton told a conference of church leaders at the Hit>Plander 

Folk ~chool. 7:116-3 

for eager minded students with opportunities limited by accident of birth, 

and freedom bells echoing in distant lands could fill the troubled world with 

thoughts of peace on earth and good will taward man," he eaid. 

''Highlander's democratic program is based on the brotherhood or 

man. Democracy to us lllE'&n-' that membership in the hwnan family entitles all to 

the freedom of thought and xeligion, to equal rights to a livt>llhood1 educat.ion 

t.ncl health; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of tb! 

.. ,oc;c.uro. ty and to equal access to public sPrvices," the religious lPaders were 

"We hold that democracy is inactive unless workers are giVPn a full 

•.·nis(C in industry throu(;h unions; or f&I'!lYi'rS are given a voice in the market 

r~ c.~~ througt-. cooperatives; or w!Yc re freedom or thought and discussion is 

l;.~.iwcl; and that democracy i.s outlawed by l~gally Pntrenched d:l.scriminat.ion 

"The tirues call for an affirmative program, based on a positive goal," 

.. _,non. "An ai1Uy of democracy deeply rooted in the lives, struggles and 

'..rc.:liti.ons or too American people must bE> crf'ated 0 By broadening till scope 

·",- ·,, mocracy to :include everyone 1 and dee paning the concept to include eVPcy 

:r<"lationship, the arm,y of democracy woul.d be so vaet and so determined that 

~·~·thing undemocntic coul.d stand in its path.• 

tUBtiUliUUl 

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Rt. 1 

Tracy City, ~Tfni Jan.31, 1951. c · 

Dear liyles: 

T!1is, to ·my mind, is a thorouehly honest end perfedtly concise expression 

nf t'Y· p'C'cle:o you prPsent. I cannot SPP how i.Ir. llcGrath can fail to undexst'ltld it~ significance, and und<>rstandine, fail to take steps toward the preventico of future troubJe. 

Please feel freA to use 100 as a referenc<' if you have such need, I am 

a.1.w3.ys wiLLing to sreak or write my eonvictioos regarding your p<'rs:nal bt.<sgrity and tho high purpose of Highlander, 

I aas here so,.,., years before you carre. The newness of your prngram arousAd 

'.<ondEr and even suspicion in til:! com:nunity. Vlf' hPard wild tales of communistic 

!ntent, .~ 1ioJ1C<· with Russia, machine guns in the ~ttic and varous forms of 

i .. :•>crc.Ety. FPorle ce;re to rre with thPse Axtrabaeant rumors, beeging me to 

"do so:.1ething about it." I did do sorrethi!lg. I visited thA school when you 

c .. d DoC~ .;,.,, rovP n ";:ol:?.y-po.rty" for the children of our conmunity. I went 

<·gain v:JJP.e1 Jiro Do;c.bro·.·:ski started a Bible study cl,,ss. ·;;p learned a eood neal 

···~J' .. so~io.1 ~ondj tions in the days of J.nos ancl l:ic:?.h. I v:ent to a meetine 

CFld aft.cr a n•'iE,h1,or 1R house ho.d bun1ed down end you started plar.s -and 

Ccc'lds - fc•r hcilding a new ho:ne for him. I vRnt to a Christf\lan pcrty where I 

rce l ;:e c ·::ith u·,c children 1 s games and saw you play oanta Claus vrl th a hag of 

i!'?3P'1ts. Once I we:1t to 2. scwin;: bee, another neiehhorhood bem•fit.I was 

.<,ck r~t the ti;,,e the P, T. t .• was or;;;eniz<>d in your living room, but 1 hE'ard 

u. 'l.tout i r .• I he:o:rd, too, of other "good deeds" --by this tirY! the n<>iehl.ors 

:.-,.:; so,.cthinc f'}se to talk about tl)an the f£•arful fantasies of the early nays. 

One dark ni~h·o, Ji'!l ~nt a ,;cod rc~y to bring a rloctor for • ne of ny school 

[irls :i.n ti"l~ to save her and her laby. ''ldidn 1t hnow th<"re •..ere such good 

folY.s, 11 p:1e n.ci.shb:lr wone..n said. rl'hPn I heard about the timf' the..t Clz.udia Lev-1.s, 

··''" r::.:rccr;: ~c!.r:>ol teach~r, and anothrr onE' fron Highlan<lf>r, Pl:"'pared all that 

v:c.s needful ts· bury !\ little child in a ver,, poor far.lily, 

.-.J.l t'P-se Lhings r::nd ma.'ly more convinced me that your purpo3e and plnn for 

cc .. i,, .. 'oc' 2i·,re Jn our community was Pssentially cood and hacl no ulterior mot:i\'e, 

""' ~hJ'C .:c,,rs 1 h<iVf' lPRrned ffiOI"' of your pr?.ctical prograe1, your concept Of 

true detr.ocracy in your policy of non-cliscrjc;d.nation, non-segrecation, and your 

J.c~na} Exe.:::ple in living what you bf'lieve. I !r.now a njnisvr who said, "I v:iah 

I could fe~l t.he.t I cGMe as nPar as j,iyl<'s Horton to r<'al consecration to the 

Cril_t::oe of rPal Christianity. 11 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN_jS Uf~CLASS!FIEO 

OATE.JI~~ BY sSP<rnW 

c94 .lS 
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;.\yles Hortn1 page 2 Jan • .ill~ ],.951 

71_168 

"lio you think HieJ1lander is radical ? 11 The last time I was asked this 

question, I eave this answe,.- wtdch I would give today. "Yes, ti:Ey are :re~calas radi C3.1 as the Declaration of Inde.[l"ndence - or the 5f':rr'l0n on the llount.n 

It is because you dz.re to b<'J.iev<' the.t not only "all nPn are ci'f'ated free and 

equal", but that t'lere should bE> "liberty and justice for all" that you are radical • .;;nd the onP who bade all men to act like brothers, made no difference between his white childr<'n and the black. 

J deplore thP recent "investigation" of the F B I agPnts, implying as it did, 

that your non-discri:r.ination polic~· toward llt>gro students constituted proof of 

:•nur cunc.unistic n1l':.t<rl', pun>ose, plan add intent. 'rihE'n racial dPmocracy can be 

con.:used with comnunism in the minds ofF & I agt>nts, trere is cause for alPnn1 

it ~eens to me. Ot:r cor:J.-:1unity has comf' a ,long way in appreciating and unders"Cac.r:j_"g the policy of Highlanner, its principlPs, its .rrectice of real democracy. 

But this faith though fostered for so l'l:lnY y<'ars by living proof e.nd example, 

cannot fe.il to suffer from the shock of a visit from the F B I in ··t-.ich the 

school's policy of non-<liscri1"ination is [;iven a red tag and la.!Jel. 

'i t"l 1'.11 this is r.rlnd, I a'll glad you havP writ.ten this letter to 1:r.hlcGrath. 

T >y,., it J.<>ads t.o a dE-finite Cl!lclPrstanding Vlhich will affect all future 

inter~:jer'IS • 

.. ;t,r, best wi5!.es for 0•ou and thP rest of the l-!ighlnnoor etaff, I rem:Un 

Your friend, 

La;, ...-Just us 
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y Highlander Folk School 

l!onteaglf!, Tennessee 

Dec<"mber 10, 1950 

Mr. Hueh H. Clegg 

Assistant Director 

Fe de re.l Bureau of lnvestigatictl 

Washington, D.C. 

Dcc.r l.lr. Cleggc 

I was ,J.F~SP.d to rea.d from the lrlt.Pl"nat:icrlal Labor News 

SErvice that you feel that the 11 succe!ls of communisn" 

can be measured b:· the WFaknesees or democracy. I am led 

to belie,ve by your analysis of the situation tret you 

would approve the enclosed statement of policy of the 

Hit:hlanclPr Folk School. 

71.169 

ln the South, people aX"' often critici711'd who believe as 

vP do h<>J"El ~.t Hi£hlcnder thr.t discrimination is inco":lpatiLlr, with c'"'rcocrecy. In fact I was told recently by one of 

yn':.r agents that the cuntents of tlll en~"osed nev:s release 

o;o~.-ld be consi(kred co:tllUJlistic by a rr.ojority of Southern 

jYople. 

I E!.nc'' rc ly ttust tlls t the position t:cken bJ' you b the 

lie;. Yo!k P.er"".ld Trlbune foruni is the ofi:ide.l position of 

t.hs ?.B.I., and r.ot the position i.mrJ.ied by the &ctivities 

of ;:our representP-tives who hc.ve c.uestioned our reighl:>ors 

ret;c r~in[ \'i~its of :~ecroes to the School• 

,;otD.d you c:!.~ar thls matter U? for rre? 

Since rely yours 1 

Myles Horton 

Director 

Alli~~FORMATION CONTAINED 

HERElf~;s ~LASStrtED ~ OATEQ.;o~ BY rSPQ~ 

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Ualtod atatoG ~LJ=.rb:&lnt r£ "'-t1oe J>Wem Dloll'CIClu ot Imcntl(]l.tl'* 

lia:shii\;W a, J) • Oe 

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71170 

Jl'. !l·lea licrtoa 

IHrootcar 

ltl{;l;lAn.'\or FQU: Sib oa'L 

ll:lntc&!).•, litmiiUfiii 

fb!:l td 11 aobl(1;J1cdQCI 7~ Jetter ~ 

VC Cf.ldJII r lOa 19&>e 

It hil.:. lo!tt. b;)>-n t.'o" osts.bl11hod ,..o~t'"' 

or th!.a r,~l'\1~:! to ~rn~.1n !I-r;rt ~1".;ttt;tnc on t!-.e v~w.v~;,;.t or dr.& cn:1 i;'-Z'pt:<;lOO of er~ Gr.1lu1an~cu. 

c::rl 1 tl¢N!'CI'01 'I!;'O CPW.t Qtn:J.-~nt em 'ttl~ poliW.~ 

rot ;;r>u:r e du:olt 

t;H;~, l'i,flN tc t!:c iti:\W;t-'llt tlx'.t J'tJ.l 

L\t•H•:.~~ to u ;;.;.;,c~!>l A~11t at -tM.Il 1\U're\:• t.d.a 

ril1 (c.<\vill'll t:.u-.t I ha~"$ ohoc.:w t.1~ tlc t.ro s~.:cicl 

-'l,."':.to 1rt1o oor:t.<O".nd ~D.:< ot:_ li<>oc~-t.or '1• ln.o. 'Al~A:U 

Ot't':o;. tl Q..llY dow tbc.1o ~-"''' .U W'-X\ U'.P.::t ~ n't>l 

:'<lkc~r c.r Lf, t ·1huy ~:1(! t-~ lil.o. tiLX\~9 to fOU 

ru-.. .tolr a<·r~~X-.e:d.n;:; :-o-.o:: e\l'tc.:J-tlone 

ALL INFORMATtON CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS U,NCLASSIFIED '""' 

DATE Dl/c?q(?4 8\' S'to'G k~~ J'Ls-
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from Highlander Ixecutiw Councilllinutaa 

( pa£'0 ') Jstl 22-23, l9.5l. 

.: •, ! ·. ~- • - . 

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7L171. 

Morton gaw a full repoJ'I; on &olllll reoent. act.i-.1 t.iea of ~ B. I a&ente who ~ 

qur st.ion1ng people in the. coliiiii'Jrd.t.J'• The apnt.l haw bestl as~ ne1.t;hbore ab0\1\ 

&lgrou att<!nding or vta1t.1ng Highlander• Bozot.co zead a let.wr be lll'Ot.e Senator 

le!auver which saidip 1n Partl •n.7 (the F B 1 &&Onte) be.w been part.1cul.arl.7 ' . . 

ins:!.atent 111 t.he1r qUP.nicna about the attendance of legroea at Highlander 

112:ssior.s and co!lfe:renaea. '-11e7 wacwd t.o know 'llbllre people sleep 1.114 what. goea . . ' 

-·· ':~<~r t.m conferenou ue owr • • • I bo,pe 7011. em find tilDe t.o look into 

this si tuatica. and do IIOI!lething t.o atop inUaddatJ.on Of Our neighbors and t.bl 

ir..fc zenae that the non~iscri:nination pollc7 of the school, llhioh is that. of t.bl 

CW snd m., ie comnrJ!lietiC and iar.morB1.8 

llorto:t contih'Dt4 that. the Q{.'~'~n~ are goSng around the coll1llll/llity tJ7in!: to 11tir 

:i: cr U.t pAople ~1 asld."lg londod q~&t.iorus about tbe llegro stud!ont.e at Ri.ghlc.nder8 

• 

'-· ,,..,, lrlll', Horton read a newspa.rar n:;ort that the aeui.;tsnt Director of thG> 1 B I 

c' :. e. s~ech e.t the New York He:rsJ.i1l Trlbune f'oru.'ll 111 _wbioh be sud discrl....mination 

··" ~· ~.n-:.<J,.;.at.ible with dfme:craoy. l!ort.11'\ cu..~r,i-u.t.ulated tho F B I epokesman and 

1q :::. ;;.· d a comment. l!laOO to. h1Jn ~ an F .B I agent ..mo said t.h~t a H.ighlsnoor :>ewe 

r:J"c'"" 11hieh eondelllilll diserird.nnt.ica., 110\.ild be coneiclf':red coll:ll1Uilist1o bJ a majorltr 

of ,:,c,,',.l>•m IK'"Ple• 'l'he FBI !ssist.ant Director ensWt'recl that be had personnll.1 

c· ,. ··· d the mr.ttrr and that boUl !l.~r.t.B 'llho ta.ll<ed with Horton, c!e11:Led en;,phat.icnllf 

· · · '·: ntJ such st.st.o.-O!!nt• 

A:f'V<r proloa~d diacu&flion, 1t 'lf&!l r.o\'ed b7 Luc7 Rc.ncblph l!acon that# teoau.oe 

of previous lllisundeJ:Btandinga 1n 1nt.ervie1fll wiloh '· B I agents, tbe Highlander 

Direclior shall apeak tor the start and aball aalt tJat aU (lWI&t.iana posed bJ ~ 

ll' 1'1 r ~nt11 be put in writ.!Ag, and aball .aka ld.• sepl.»a in writing - pro-dded 

foJ-1511-;l/l 
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ra e 2 \ . !' 1'tl!ll h1.c;hlhn& r e "'" utJ:ve council lllinu t .. 

7:l17~ 

legil._ oo;naal &.tMJICe tbie act.~.on • .llotirll wlld\dld ~ tQU 11l1S•t.a 

' It .-.is a.lllO lllliW'DV.d b7 W!,aa Maltm that. t.bt Director shall 111'itll 

u.wJ>.t.\.Ol'QIIIJ O.J"lf'ralllorlolard ~rat.h and rev.t.ow W• .S.t.u.at.ian Md •xP'dA ,:. ' 

to M.m wbf wr· hnw bb«l forced t.o ~ tbU 10t.ioQa lind t.h&t. a toP1 ot 

thin let.l:.ttr eMU bl> •nt t.o Se.Mtor J.etauwr end RiQ.l.andr!r lpm~~ors. 

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HlGHLANIER FOLK SCHOCL 

s~rA ~.l~NC OF FuTtFO$, FROORiJ.i AND PC!,ICY ?:11?3 

lie reaffirm our faith :!..n dernocrl\cy as a goal that 'Will bring digm.ty and 

free Com to all; in demnc racy as an expandin3 concept encompa.esir!z l:,,'.'l.Dn 

rel?tions from the emallest comr.tunity organ!.zetion to intem~t:l.o~,al structure; and perll!El'l.ting ~11 economic, socia:L, end political acti v:l ties. 

Democracy to us l!lE'ans th<>t ;1Je,r.bership in thf' hwnan family "l•titles all to 

freedom of thought and reJigl.on, to equal rights to a livelihood, education 

and hl"alth; to equal oppo::-tunity to partici;:>atP. in t!le cultural life o! 

the community and to <!'qual access to pub::..ic services. 

We hold th~t de;,.ocrncy i~ inactive 1mless >Vor!,ers rre given a full voice 

in industry throu.g:, ur.ions; or fa~rs are giv"'n ,. voice in the !!loS.ricet 

r-1oep t.h"'w"h coopel"tives; or ••Ihf'::-e fxeedom of thought enr-1 ~isc•1seion is 

li::tited; th"t derJocracy is outl1:.wed by l.nga~~y en':.renched discri:nination 

and segregation; thtt th<3re must be di.v.,rsity of app:.o'ach but each step 

r.ust be in cor..fornity with the goal, which i.e dishonored by ea~.h undemocratic act. · 

;,Jth " deD,ocratic goal, ue are in a position to fi.~;ht anyt':rl.ng that gets in 

\,~i, :;1-.::th-: r it be totalitaria.'l cor.t"T.lu..nisr:l; or fascism or monopoly 

rlo:"Jnatf'd capitalism. 

The purpose of the Hi6hlander Folk School is to asr;ist in creating leaderc:·ij:• for c<S,;;vcrc.cy. Uur sP.rvices arB a.vailable to l:Jbor1 farm CO'"''unity1 

x<'-igious and civic organizations wol'Y.ing tov;e rd a demo~ractic eoai, 

Ti1c ::~ture of a specific educational progra:l w-.:.11 be detl'r;.tined by the needs 

cf t~,e ~tJ.de~:1ts • 

1Jee of the s,• rvice s of t1H' 3chool by ~.ndi vidual ore,aniz"ticns will be in 

: 

nith 

e.::c,rdar.ce 

th<" purposes 

·.·,ith t~,Pj ~ r 

ti:l' 

own 

School, 

po:'.icies 

A 

so 

stc.ff 

long 

wnber 

as th€'se 

will 

poHcif's 

assist in 

do 

pl:>nning 

:tot conflict ~ 

::!. ~nd coorclina',ing all progra·1s ~ S · ' ~ '" ';-· 

1i:c :ligh;_c.n-:kr ?olk School is a c:1ntf'red institution, cool)Prc.tively owned CC ~S­ by th<• tf'3ching staff, It has ho af.filiatians, The JCOliciC's and p::-ogram 1-o C · '0 z!:::! ,,, t.!P SGhcol are 1'11-.ol~y det,rm:ned by an E;:..,'eCC~ti·;e Cou.'lcil comrosed of the u.. 

:~··c.~i ~r~ d rt' cc orl.zed South~rn lf~ade rs. 8 Zi5 .;. . :z:;<n~ 

Highla.ncJer Folk School is supported by contributions from individuvls, organfa :5 ~~ 

iz~-tions SE'rved by the School, foundations and tuition. . !;;: ~~ 

The times c:~ll for an affirmative program, based on a po~itive go~. An ~ ~~ n-. 

army of een;ocracy deeply rooted in the lives, strul!r~es and traditions or e :-

the Am<'rican J:eople must be cTPeto>d. lly broadening the> scope of democracy :;;:: ~ 

to include PV!'r~'one, and del'peaing the conc,.pt to include every relation- ~ ~ ~:"-! 

~hip, t,h.,. ~r,ty of d<'!llOcracy woU::..d be so vast encl so det<>rmined th£t notldng .-1 !._:J < 

!r.CC'r.,oc:'eotic could ntand in its path. <-'- C:...l 

App!'O'Ied· by the Executive Council, April 3rd, '1950 _ I , ;.Jl'f l/- 'i S' I /.., 1 v ~~ 
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~·- ... - :,. ·"_:;.~':'-'- ·'! ·:1;·;;:~;;£z~+J~>r ·~'-"". 

.umC iDER FOLK' sc~ciL sroNSORt - F),~· . ~-, ~ cl ~~ l' ·:/ 

-. 7 • 

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-.. 

Krs. S:LmonTuhn , . c. . .·• ~· ~;. \ 

lo!r. & llrs • Corliss -tamont -., 

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llr. & llrs. JoseJ:b'fiarnes · -

~""' Dr. A. D ;-Bait tel- ;· ... Mrs~ E~l'IE1st ~; Li~4!e7 ' 

A • .A.;-Liveright 

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~- Mary McLeod-llathune ' 

Algernon ·-neck 

Dr. B. R.~ra~al. 

Mrs • E thll""tiyde . 

Rev. Viithcrspoon.,Podge 

Clifford Jf'urr : -

Kerm!Mby .. Mrs. Gladys Talbot~dwards. 

Gortrude'Ely , 

. "'--·~ 

Rev. W. -- ' J. Faulkner 

Ur. & Mrs • J. R. "Flllman. 

' ' Mrs. Harry''Gershon 

Clinton S;-t:ol<J6·n 

Mrs • Grace T. Hamil ~..on 

Lcon·Henderson 

J. Lewis-Henderson 

Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg · ~ 

n;-:iiC;;d~' JaJre ~~ 

Dr. ~le·;-;:Sohnson 

Dr. Lilian VfNohn~nLcwis'Jones 

May \JQ.l!ltus 

l'Tedli"'.irchwoy 

, _ __._ r '-~ - -·. 

71.1?4 

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I 

,. ,.., - .. - ··~. - .. _ .... -- JIIrs. l.UC)' o:>pra.gtll Jll.t.CII!'I.U.-

·, ,-----.. 

Rev. Walter G~ ~l~r 

Dr. ReinholdA'iebuhr 

Je~s Perry 

Clarence B .-.Pickett 

·Dr. Walter.Rautcns-trauch 

Malco~s-~ 

P • A • Stephens.; M.D. 

Jordan Stokes Ul 

'-· 

- ' '......-'-

_Dr. Alva. w._,11or_.-·-

Dr. John BlTho:npson · 

• . - I . ._ . 

J • Raymond "':a.lah 

Hon. U!3'• J. Watie"S--w~ 

Aubro;t.WU11ams . · 

Thomas Williston, li.D~ 

Dr. LwiSWirth · 

/ 

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'• 

rr. /'cyton Ford 

Deputy fitiorney General 

l'ICL'LJ.1f!JJ:.? }'OLI SCEOOL 

Ir.Jornat~_on Conct'rn.ing 

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Refercncll 18 r..ade to uour two ne:'loranc!a ~cfted Ft~'bru.a:ru 

1:, l '151, z:.heretn you referred to correspondence froTII. Jlylea Horton, 

director of the L'Jr;hlander Folk School., Jtonteagl111 'J'em'leBaee, CJnd 

fro~ /ltcrt E.~crnett of the Candler 8chool of Theology, ~orv 

T:n i ve,.s tty, Gecrgta. 

ll ith reuard to the correBponc!ence ·you recet ved jroa 

J'ylea Horton and your propo~ed. drcft reply~ I ~ returntn~ the!! 

to you. In connection to your propoBed l11tter to Mr. llorton., 1 

car.not accede to the proposal OJ' havtng our .As;ents conlfuct tntervte:::s at the IUgl:lanc!er Folk .School ll!htch 10ould ,.equtre our A;entB 

-tc IJ!.>1,,ft rurittcn interrogatories at all time<~ in all 111atter~ upon 

z:J:icl. tl!e FRI mar1 be seeldng tnforliWtion frorz the Eighlanc!er Tolle 

sc•"ol. Furfhcrrore, I cannot accede to any restffction which ~O!tlc' prol:f.;Jtt tJ.,e FBI fror. tntervtetcing any uerson tt acuo ftt. 

In ·t.':is pcr~icular n.a:;tcr t t ts Sll{l'["f'St«i'd tl'.at only the I·i.-~·J·]c:.n(cr D1-:--cci or could or would ~c cont.a.cted: Rot1un· than 

ccccdc to ar.~ such ,.eetrictions, I would .:Jrefer to tnstruct our 

;;. ··u;ts to rcfrc tn fron anlf con·tact tdth any r:e;"./;er of the !.'!~ l.lrnc'cr Fclf: ::cf:ool sta.ff. .s 

I h{..;uc cl~ccl;ed into tJ;is cJ..le.-;ation r·.c.<::c b'! l!; \0~'tcn n-:~(~ I r..·::n-t -to c:~:;u.re 'f!OV. tha~ L4:e hc.t'e r.Cucr inlJesti·.,Z:·tccZ i.he 

J:trJd::nccr Folk ~:cl;ooi., any reprcsentattue- o'l t1:e,-sc1iocl;;' or . c:-:y o;htr ir:ci.dc~ual on the rround that the i!i:;hlanC:cr nlk 

[':c!.ool cr t.'.c in<Ciuicual partict?atcd in intc,.rcdc.l edrienl.tor.al 

c,c·: i:•ittc:: ,;or h~'ue our A rente inquired relc~tue ~'to U;e lntcrrcdal o$;wcis of that achool. ;;: '- -t:;,. 

~- ~ ...... ., 2 ... ('oo" , ....: • 

J'tfr tl!!_ur f.:o:~'p"'tl!fUOt,J·e~~ !Ughlander Fa_lk Scl.qsJ ~:~as 

'~ru:rcotf.~r;t.ec!'{'Zir)ni,h~.h.rl e.:,YljJl'&d,s. T'.!e tnu~;;tt~!l!f~?n was 

'~" ;>rcc'ica~ed o'ft clle;.r..';f.if?flf' 30 1~':1~o~r.nunist activhtes 'lilel"~ being 

''" -ca-riec on at -~he; sit_t~.'O~r cFqr your f!P'ther injormaHon there IB ott,:c-lc. 

;_._::"_-,;.-/;rrc!Cit'• a pl:o vpa·}:hc. cbpy ~~ a four-pa[Je BUI1HWT'!! dated February -.-~- -.,.,.~.., ----.J.:-.... ~-Hn•iL""I."-Hf~ .. Al.QA~¥~.!\: •1':'1"-'-11~ .J. ~" r 1 

f.c..-n__ 

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We have, of course, had occas,on to contact representatives 

of thts school on individual cases such as applicant and security 

investigation, The purpose of the applicant inquiries has been to 

secure information at its source for guidance of governmental 

agencies in considering applicants for appo,ntment. In fulfilling 

our res.::>ons tbility to protect the internal security of the country, 

the Federal Bureau of Investigation is chargefl, to inuesHgate any 

individual upon receipt O/ substantial information reflecting 

that individual to be engaged in subversive activity, We have in 

the past conducted a limited number of security investigations of 

individuals requiring inquiries at the Highlander Folk School. 

However, such investigations were not initiated on the basis that 

the individual was engaged in interracial educational activities 

::or ;.;as thts question considered in any manner during the course 

of the investigation. 7:116:1 

With reference to the letter you received from 

Hr. Barnett, I can only state that he has been misinformed 

by Myles Horton, director of the Highlander Folk School. 

For your further information, in addition to the 

corres ortdence between Ur, llyles Horton and 1/r, Clegg of this 

Bureau as reflected by the material enclosed with your mel'!orandum 

of February 191 1951, we have received a communication from 

l!r. Roger N. Baldwin of the American Civil Liberties Union on 

the sa;~e subject matter. Copies of llr. Baldwi11 's letter and my 

re;yly thereto are attached for your-information, 

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• 

FEBRUARY 27, 19$l 

SAC, KNOXVILLE 

.~, . . . · ... 

.-;~-~--.-~>:;:·:.-,.---:~;;~.;.-~-

URGENf 

6)HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, IS DASH C. AS.YOU WERE TELEPHONICALLY . .. ~. .. . 

ADVISED ON FEBRUARY TWENTY TWO, HINETISEB FIFTY ONE, JlO . CONTACTS · 

WHATSOEV"lt SHOULD BE MADE A'!' 'lHE HIGHLAti'D~ FOLK SCHOOL •. YOU .. 

SHOULD FURTHtl! INSTRUCT ALL THE AGENTS IN YOUR OFFICE THAT JTO 

DISCUSSION PRO OR CON SHOULD BE HADE WITH ANY INDIVIDUAL CON-

~~NING THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. 

-~ "'' 

HOOV!'.R 

(Per instruct ions of the Director set forth in the ·' f ,. L ~ nenoran .. um 

rom •J:', a~d to tl:e Director dated Fecruury 23, 1951) 

TION Co •• ~ •t•''"O r.LLINFORMA !' i ;;:;-.;:. 

I IEREI.N I UNCLliSS!FIED j~ DATE, c?q ~ BY cSPif~ d'-1.) 

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F~l WASHINGTON DC 2-27-51 2-18 PM HK 

SAC.KNOXVILLE U R G E N T 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, IS DASH C. AS YOU WERE TELEPHONICALLY 

ADVISED ON FEBRUARY TWENTY TIW, NINE'fEEN FIFTY ONE, NO CONTACTS 

,,r,,\ fSOr.ViR SHOULD BE MADE AT THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. YOU 

:.:.:JULD FURTHER INSTRUCT ALL THE AGENTS IN YOUR OFFICE THAT NO 

-- ~~USSION PRO OR CONS HOULD BE MADE WITH ANY INDIVIDUAL CONc::: c~'l'~G THE HIGHLAtWER FOLK SCHOOL • 

HOOVER 

CCR!~ - NEXT TO LAST LINE WORDS FIVE AND SIX SHOULD READ"CON SHOULD" 

c,;: Pl! KX MJY 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

fiEREIN I U'lCLASSIFIED _;~ DATE q ~ BY c'PRE: 

c)~~ 

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.· ......,...,!..... c : t.t_··~ , I u~ Office Memorandum · ~ITEn sTATEs 

.· 

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' 

CON ENTIAL 

TO : The Director DATE: February 

FROM 

SUBJECT: 

'· 

D. Jl. Ladd 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY • C 

Bufil e 61-7511 

PURPOSE 

To recommend that the attached letters directed 

~~t!~·a~~g~;CNRo~~td~;"t~{ ;~~7~~!c~~f~~~~ieL!;;~!~:~. .~ese letters are concerned with the unfounded allegation 

;tha.t the FBiyas "re.~..ntl..JL_Q.Qnducting an 'lnqui!:Jl into the_, 

Highlander Folk School apparently on the v,rouna that inter-

·,.-crc.al educatlon lS somehow 'subversive. 1 ' , 

pETAILS ... 

Under date of February l4J 1951 1 Roger N~~ldwtn, 

.former Director but presently Chairman, National Committee of 

the American Civil Liberties Union, wrote to you as follows: 

11Dear Mr. Hoover: 

11It has come to my attention as a contributor 

to the Highlander Fvlk School at ¥onteagle 1 Tennessee, 

that agents of your office have recently been conducting an inquiry into the school: apparently on the 

ground that inter-racial education is somehow 'subversive. 1 ' 

"I cannot quite believe that any such attitude 

correctly reflects your policies, and therefore 

venture to suggest that you may be interested to ~ 

check up on the tnquiryf-EC~RDED • H46/-75lf- /.:;J / 

"We would apprecibf'll'lJS~{npt,dvised of the facts 

as to why any investigation of lh.~tl'oJi~. has been made ,lt~/ik~l~ -~~~ 1 

. "-~~ l 'iol"' Sincerely yours, 

/s/ Roger N. Baldwin 

Roger N. Baldwin" 

,/ ~~·_\ __ 

CONFiiJrNTJAC' 0 
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CONF~NTIAL 

Mr. Baldwin's letter is attached. A reply to Mr. Baldwin 

is also attached Jor your approval. 

For your tnjormation, the Highlander FolK School 

')~at Monteagle, Tennessee, is the subject oJ an eight-section 

Bureau case file and considerable investigation was conaucted concerning this school during the early 1940s. The 

first report was submitted under date of January 29, 1940, 

and a closing report was submitted on July 41 1943, by the 

Knoxville Office. For our additional in ormation there 

l is attached hereto a our-oa e summar whic was prepare 

concerning the igh an er Fol c oo ated February 21, 

1947. This memorandum is up to date inasmuch as no addi.~o~al-inV8Bttgatton has been conducted since 1943. • ; f - #"' -- -- • , • ___ ,...-· ••• '1. - •• ~-

In order to definitely ascertain as to whether 

there was any basts in the allegation m~de by Mr. Baldwin1 

mentioned above, SAC Robey of the Knoxville OJJice was 

telephonically contacted on February 19 and 20, 1951, 

in order to develop full information in this regard. 

Investigation of -was 

oeriod from A rtl to October 1950. 

over the 

revealed tha 

the Highla 

is case. 

, , se y t lldiscusston oJ the interracial character 

ool during the investigation of 

- 2 -

CONr*NTJAQ 
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( 

initiated an investigation 

information was received 

You will recall under date of December 101 19501 

rton, Director oJ the Highlander Fol~ Sch~l, wrote 

a le to Assistant Director H. H. Clegg to which he attached 

a statement oJ the purpose, program and policy uj the /{{ighlander Fol~ School which was approved by the Executive Council 

oj that school on April 3, 1950, and a press release ~j the 

school dated November 20, 1950. In his letter to Mr. Clegg, 

I)~ Hor. ton indicated that a S ectal. A ent oj the Bureau had 

cor.mente . hat the ld e considered Communistic 

ll..u. t;z __ J1!9 iod:t.IJ JJ/ s.n.u.tb.sr.n • .pup...l.e.._ He contrasted the Op~nion ·- of the Agent with the position taken by Mr. Clegg at the 
-.. :, .. ~ ' -. 

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• • - ' 

' I 

~ 

'~ Tribune" Forum. Prior to answering Horton~ ~ 

ntacted and Special Agents ~ 

who interviewed ~ 

, n con with the Remington 

perjury investigation, were asked concerning the Horton 

allegation. These· two Agents furnished a signed statement 

to SAC Robey on December 221 1950, in which they stated 

}}

emphatically that the news release referred to in Horton's 

letter was never displayed to them by Horton nor the contents 

discussed with them by Horton, and that neither of the two 

Agents made any comment that even remotely approached the 

statement allegedly made to Horton.· At the conclusion of t 

the interview Horton was insistent that the .Agents accept 

the copy of the 1949 Program of the Highlander Folk School, 

and a mimeographed release entitled, "Highlander Folk School, 

Statement of Purpose, Program and Policy," The signed , !statement also carried the statement that at no time had -.._Zl jtl:e Agents questioned neighbors of Horton regarding visits J-:'i 

oj Negroes T:: ;::x:::::a:~~:c: ~:ds;:::~:r advised that f -~ Horton had been interviewed on the following cases since --:;'~ June, 1950: June 27, 1950, }n connection wtth the Reminoton .;. ~ case; October 61 19501 in connection with the_.._,..·-"' 

~Atomic Energy Ac~- A licant case; Nov~--(..;. 1n connection with the Presidential Appointee, _ ..,-:: 

Department of State, Z.oya ty o overnment Employees case; ~ : 

and December 71 1950, mentioned above. '-~x 

SAC Robey in a teletype dated February 21, 1951, S ___ ; 

has advised that the following Agents of the Knoxville ~ ' 

Office have either interviewed L:yles Horton .at the Highlander { 

Folk School r t ·· , . 1 s { 

ca y stated t 

Horton on any matter pertaining to the ~ 

character of the Highlander Folk School nor has any inquiry~ : 

been made of Horton or any person in Monteagle or vicinity \1 ~ 

to the~int::;acial character of. the school. r-

...j(~~~ II ' 

CONp¢ENTIAL 

~ ~ ~ () (100-11615-16) ·~,1~ 

VV"<A.,-,A 

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• '>, •• ·._ -: 

;.-_._.:; 

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• - -" 

• 

£. : . 

Myles Horton is the sub;'ect of Bureau ftle 

100-11615 which is now closed. He at one time was carried 

on the Knoxville Key Figure List. , 

It was noted in Mr. Baldwin's letter that the 

!allegation against the FBI had come to his attention as a 

contributor to the Highlander Folt School. It is possible, 

therefore, that Mr. Baldwin had received his erroneous 

information from Myles Horton, the Direc~or of the Highlander Folk School. 

ACTION 

-\ 

In view of the above information, it is recommende4/ .• r 

that the attached letter to Jir. Baldwin be approved. ~·/:~· 

, (,.,\"' There is also attached hereto a letter to the 'I"' 

Knoxville Office instructing that any future investigationJ of the Highlander Fol'lr: School should be so conducted that _,/' 

no individual w'£11 obtain the erroneous impression that th 1','51 

Bureau's interest therein is based on the fact that its .J;I,.\'' 

facilities are used for interracial education. r N 

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r 

fJ 

f 

' t9'~XVli.I.E 

tiiECTOR 

2-21-51 

VERY URGENT 

• 

10-59 Al'l 

AT{~ RR. 'F • 

• ~Cf!LANDER TOJ..K SCI{OOL, IS DASH ~. HE TEL CALL 'FEB~TT~ <;;l.OWI~AGENTS TillS OFFICE HA~ INTERVIEWED ~U ON/ 

;f; 

"'· I 

'. WlCHJ..ANDER FOLK SCHOOL OR CONDUCTED INVESTIGATIONS AT IIOIIITEAGI.F.£ 

.1EIN. AND VICINITY DURING PAST,YEAR, 

. ~ ' 

" .... ><0 DISCUSSION VAS RAD VITI! HORTON ON ANY MATTER PERTAINING 

TO INTERRACIAL CHARACTER OF HIGHLANDER 'FOLK SCHOOL NOR HAS ANY, INQUIRY 

BEEN MADE OF HORTON OR ANY PERSON IN MONTEAG~ OR VICINITY WITH REGARD 

\ 

• ~ 

TO INTERRACIAL CHARACTER OF THIS SCHOOL, 'FORMER SA. OII~UJ ~ ACCOMPAtJIEO SA ON NOV. SECOND, NINETEEN 'FIFTY, - :;: 

HOP.TON INTERIIIEWED IN CONNECTION VITI! CASE ENTITl.ED---- LGE, § 

BUFil.f. ONE TWENTYONE DASK TWO TIIREE FOUR NAUGKT TOURo - b~ 

~ ili'S["TLY RESIDING ~ 

Iii[~· . . SA -ADVISES NO. MENTION OF INTERRACIAL CKARACTE' 

Of HFS MENTIONED BY EITKER AGENT DURING THIS INTERIIIEV. IN 

. • . II THE~E VAS 80 DISCUSSION OF INTERRACIAL CBARACTEI 

IS CONSIDERED A SOURCE OT.INTOR-

/! -·~-· 

:~· hJ.<.ilON, 

Dl:~CtJS~ION OF .INTERRACI!rL--.:t~IIM<>n:R OF SCHOOL DURING THESE INTERVIEWS, 

ALL INFORMATION COf'iT AINED . HWEm S U'·!!;~fi~'FIEI>" .,_ DATE c):j BY:I.A->"-lll,~::.J 

ROBEY 

SOR?.ECTION 
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.JL 

• 

FBI INOIVILU 2-22-Sl 

C> 

IUGIII.ANDI:R [OJ K SrBOOL, IS-c. · RE TEL. CALL Tnron' \ 

DIRECTOR DATED OCTOBER SIXTH.THIRTYNINE CONTAINS FIRST RFPORTED IBFOR- - -- "-.. 

. ' . MATION lH &X FlUS. FlRST JEPORT REF.UCTING INVESTIGATION VAS SUB-,. . "· ,._ .... . . -~ : ,,.., ._. ~ 

MlTTED BY KX DATED APRil. TENTHJ FORTYONE. THIS r iJA 

RFPORT CONTAINS INFO ON HISTORY OF SCHOOL AND PEOPU CONNECTED ~IJHP ,(_A; ~ <:> IT • UTTER ANP REPORT REFUCT INVESTIGATION INSTITUTED ONLY AFTER , _ . >1 . ' ' ' . .. - . -,. ~·· ·j; .... 

NUMEROU~ ALLEGATIONS RECEIVED RF COMMUNIST ACTIVITY AT KFS. IEPOIT bf ~- 1! 

SA KX, fDA TED DEC. THIRTYTH, FORTYONE AND SUMMARY !!IPORT ! 

KX DATED SEPT. TWELFTH, fORTYTWO CONTAIN INFORMATION ~ 

i 

OF SA 

• CONCERNING BACKGROUND, PURPOSES AND ACTIVITIES Of HFS AS V£1.L AS 

.:{" . . . 

PERSON~ CONNECTED THERE~ITH. NO ACTIVE INVESTIGATION MAD£ SINCE CLOS-

' •.•. ING RFPORT OF SAC liM. A. MURPHY, JOC, DATED JULY FOURTH, FORTYTIIREE. -· 

FILE FAILS TO REFLECT ANY PERTINENT INFORMATION RECEIVED SINCE REGARP- - • . . -,.~--;,:.)$;;_, 

lNG ANY RECOGNIZABU COMMUNIST ACTIVITY ON THE PART OF THE SCHOOL ...:__ ·.d 

ITSELF • HOWEVER ALUGATIONS OF CP SYMPATHY OR ACTIVITY HAVE BEEN • ·-~,'ii> '· 

IU:CEIVED ON PERSONS WHO WERE OR HAD BEEN CONNECTED VI11! HFS BUT THESE ,1/\- .. ___ _,_ _________ ..,.._..._.. 

i~VESTIGATIONS DIRECTED SOLELY TOWARD THE INDIVIDUALS AND NOT THE BF~. 

'.,; 

JOME AEA-A . . • - -'' ' ' ·-. '?v.,.'~;>--~-

SM-c, BUFIU: ONE SIXTEEN DASH ON£ SEVEN S~I FOUR TIIO SIX • -~ , • ~A 

LGE. ~H-C • ....._. QIV 

i:· .LC.E_;_ ~~ffi:·ii:~l~-0:~ .· 

t,· s)'oMEi:IGHT,NIN£ FIVE. ~l!f.f~ f#fflm- , _.ro 
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PAGE TWO 

CP ~ATTERS, AFTER BUREAU AUTHORIZATION. 

FILE. NO COmlENT WAS MADE RDING THE 

INTER-RACIAL CHARACTER OF. SCHOOL. WA., SM-C, ,_ 

~... . . ~ ........ -... AS INTERVIEWED 

AFTER BU AUTHORITY IN EFFORT TO DEVELOP AS INFORMANT IN CP MATTERS 

.. ::"':. .' .. ..:-. .:~:.;..·.' . . . . NO l·1ENTION BY- OR AGENTS REGARDING HFS. -

SINCE HFS IS NOT A SCHOOL IN THE .... _ .. , -~----- --~--'--'- ~ -----. ,....__ 

NOR~lAL SENSE BUT MERELY HAS SHORT SESSION LABOR AND SOCIAl. STUDY ......._ - --

CLASSES USUALLY OF J.WO WEEKS. DURATIO[II, __ NO CURRICULUM IS Orl'ERED ----~ -- -- ------- - ' ~-------------.......... ·------ -·---- •" 

IIIC WHICH WOULD~ESSIJAJ~- CHECKS WITH THIS SCHOOL ON APPLICANT CASE~ 

, END PAGE TWO 
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PAGE THREE 

NO CASES RECALLED WHERE APPLICANT INVESTIGATION MADE ON EMPLOYEES, 

STUDENTS, OR PERSONS ASSOCIATED WITH ~XCEPT THOSE-MATTERS 

PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO. DUE TO VOLUME OF APPLICANT CASES THIS 

OFFICE PARTICULARLY AEA-A CASES, PEOPLE LIVING AT MONTEAGLE 

HAVE BEEN CONTACTED BUT AGENTS WORKING IN THAT SECTION ARE AWARE OF 

JHE GENERAL NATURE OF THE HFS AND THEY HAVE ADVISED THAT NO INQUIRIES __ ___, 

HAVE BEEN MADE CONCERNING.THE SCHOOL OF MATTER OF INTER-RACIAL ---------? 

CHARACTER OF SAME. I HAVE PERSONALLY CONTACTED ALL AGENTS 

' 

THTS OFFICE WHO HAVE WORKED IN MONTEAGLE AND VICINITY DURING PAST 

j ~EAR AND ALL HAVE CATEGORICALLY DENIED THAT THEY HAVE DISCUSSED I /THE INTER-RACIAL CHARACTER OF THE HFS WITH ANYONE AND ADVISED THEY 

t \HAVE EXERTED UTMOST CAUTION TO PREVENT ANYONE FRON GAINING THE 

!~PRESSION THAT THE SCHOOL WAS BEING INVESTIGATED BY THE FBI. 

ROBEY 

END 

10-44 PN OK FBI WA LRP 

BZDISC PLS 

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Office Memorandum 

DATI!: Jlaroh 51 

MI.,.----

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. Mr. Jleasti ---

__Q _f'- '-M::. 

ibis will refer to your memorandum ot Febl"1l&cy' 26, l~S~~~~.Q~-:;:~F~-? 

repl:y to my m __ emoranda or_ . Feb .. ruar:y. .19_, 1951, regar-ding correspon~ce "\ f~.-~r ._MJ~.e~ ~rton_. __ J;!iJ'_{I_C~!'_9.Cthe . .Jllgbl_an.d!!.r..l:9.lk...%Qpol, ltw 

Monteagle, 

School of lbeolou._ 

Tennessee, 

.mnoqJIP.;I,ye;o~!L-fl!!?!lia• 

and from Mr. Alb~..__.Barnatlo.D! 

With the 

t.he 

letter 

.Can 

from 

er ~ 

. l4r. Kyles Horton I, transmitted a draft of a proposed reply for your 1 

comment. In your memorandum under aclmowledgnent rou stAte in con- r1 

nection with thi.!_jl!"~l!-~d lett,k_to_~;' ... Jio_rton _"'. cann.:~~ a,cce~de_ 1;.o 

the proposal of having our Agents_oonduct.irij.ery:iir'!.s f.t th~ Hi.ghlander 'Folk ·sChool whicll-iOuld requ:i.re- olir Agents to -submit--writ~ 

~terrogatories at all times in.alllllatters upon which the FBI aq 

J:te_ se~ldit_g informa_tion_ frO!II_.t_~ ~ighl~ge;' f9Jk SChool.• You add, 

furthermore, "U!li!D.Qi~s~~c!ll_~_!flY res trictio~bi-~~-~':l_!Urohibit the. FBI from interviewing anj' persoiiUsaw !it• and add 

!i:rt!le{tiiat-iirather than accede to ari:y SU:cli)·_e_s~rlctions,·r 110uld 

prefer_ to. in_s,truct OtU" Agents. to refrain f'r9D1 any_ contact •.itll'. &I17 

member of the Highlander Folk School staff • • I note further traa a 

letter which :you addressed to Mr. Roger N. Baldwin, Chairman, National Committee, American Civil Liberties Union, under date of' 

February 26, 1951, you advised him that since your contacts at 

the schoo! have either been misunderstood or have become a source 

of irritation to Mr. l.!yles Ho;:ton, director of the school, you ve 

issued instructions to discontinue any direct contacts wit~~nl r 

resentatives of the school. UtFtflfif[l 

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. "-'In this connection I want to draw careful attention to R l.----ms1 :- c!_r~f_!!l!!_proj>O_~~JLr._eply..-J:-9J!r.._}lort.on._'!/N.._ch..:JJo;-JI_~<!ed_!'ith -rq ,rt memorandum of February 19 and to _ _poi!!_t o)lt that .J: did_not-:-sugges\ < 

tlia:ryo1nicceae·T.O·tneriiquest:of llr •. Horton. My first point was · • 

l

tna'TT.nere should-normaUYbe no setioU:il objection to. having agents [ 

of the Bureau make their contacts at one central point; that is, the ' 

director of the school. This would not mean that further contacts C 

may not be necessary or desirable. l!y second assumption in pre- · 

p~ring this draft was that-if during the interviews it was desired 

to make stenographic recordings of the Questions and answers, or to 

answer questions propounded by the preparation of affadavits, I 

could see no objection to that course of' action. In fact, it would 

seem that there might be considerable advantage to tile Bureau. 117 

letter did not contemplate that you accede to the request that ~ 

submit written questions in advance with regard to the seeking of 

information. 

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Office Memorandum · UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

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TO MR.. A. H. BELM~ 

llll. L. L. LAUGH~ 

HIGHLANDER FOLK ~HOOL INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

DATB: Jlarch 12, l9.U...,_· _ 

FllOM ...:.. CAM-m -~-__ 

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-~ --- SUBJECT: 

---·-- -·-- ftle.a-:_ 

Reference i made to the material forwarded by 

Congressman Adam Cla on Powell, Jr. to the Attorney General 

on February 20, 1951 Included in this material was a form letter dated Febru y, 1951, .captioned "Dear Friend" over th'c;r.WI.tAl!' 

signature of Myle . rton, Highlander Director of the Highlander Ar•~~ 

Folk School. In this communication. the statement appears, ' 

11 1ihat strategy prompted the FBI Agents to watch the school by~ ,. ,ght and to harass neighbors with questions linking Negroes , zdth Communism is not clear." • })1' 

At 11:50 A.M. today I called SAC Robey and advised \..._! 

him of the reference of this material to the Bureau. I particularly 

read the above statement and other excerpts from Horton's letter. 

I inquired of Mr. Robey whether ~gents of the Knoxville Office 

had conducted any surveillances at nighttime at or in the vicinity 

of the Highlander Folk School; also whether any informants 

neue been contacted at or in the vicinity of the Highlander 

Pnlk School at night; and, further, whether the Knoxville Office 

;,cd conducted any ne,ghborhood investigations at or in the 

t:i cinity of the Highlander Folk School at night. 

I requested Mr. Robey to look into this matter immediately 

and advise the Bureau promptly of the results of his check • 

Immediately upon the receipt of this information from 

t.J-; e Knoxville Office an appropriate memorandum will be prepared. 

__ _,. __ _ 

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f..LL !~:FORMATION CONTAINED 

~EREi41-~LASS~~~- r:.TE ' BYcJm I W -tl . c}-4-. . 

• 

FEDI:RAL SUIItAU Of INVESTI\0\TION 

U. S. DEPARTMENT Of J\JST1CE 

COMMUNICATIONS SECTION 

MAR 12~t 

TEL~P:E 

0 

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6-05 PM 

IlL QkPtiL --

*· MI.--- 1(ldrMlll -

FBI KNOXVILLE 

/,IRECTOR1 FBI ATTN- INSPECTOR L. L. LAUGHLINTHIS 

l:"m TOiliNG INFORMATION FURNISHED---

1. KNOXVILLE OFFICE HAS NOT CONDUCTED ANY SURVEILLANCES AT NIGHT 

AT OR IN VICINITY HiS. 

2. KNOXVILLE OFFICE HAS NOT CONTACTED ANY INFORMANTS AT OR IN 

VICINITY HFS AT NIGHT. 

3. KNOXVILLE OFFICE HAS NOT CONDUCTED ANY NEIGHBORHOOD INVESTIGATIONS 

\\AT OR IN VICINITY HFS AT NIGH:• HOWEVER, 

ri \ WAS CONTACTED FROM I ' 

i A!l I ,. IN CONNECTION ,. .... .,.., Wl.lM CASE - . !• 

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BY SAS 

NOT AVAILABLE FOR INTERVIEW UNTIL THIS TIME. 

filAR, 14-i951· ROBEY 

AcK AND HOLD PLs EX-1~1~ . a 

/6-02> PM OK FBI WA NRJ fl,Y ... OJ1V ~ /J /.. F' c'T'/JJ;. f:K~~'?;~ yi'!JJ1

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Tel~.~---

"My long time and trusted friend, Dr. Myles Borton, Mr.•~---

1 

Director o~__gh_!~llCi!lr_Folk ~. School at lfon~!l,gl~nnessee -~-

baa been in recent correspondence with :you about ·the-ac- ..:.::=~===1 tiVities of agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 

in that mountain community. Apparently, s0111e agents han 

surmised that the free admission of negroes as students l 

at Highlander constituted eVidence of ,communist point of 

view. :Ihese agents are said to hava stated that such 

would be the natural interpretation on the part of man:r 

people in the region. 'l'bis is, or course, a totall:r inaccurate interpretation, ·both of the school and of the 

best sentiment in the southeast. Under supreme court> 

authority many public institutions of higher learning .. "' ·r: 

have opened their registration to qualified negro stu~enti:l. I ~ At the present time between 1100 and 1200 negro students 

are studying in such institutions. Southern people are 

'-...' 

? ' . '< 

more generally happy than unhappy over this outcome. r, 

Students here in my O'WD institution recently voted as =::-:-::-"::-=~-

overwhelmingly favorable to the admission of qualifiectJEFEflR:D .~.t! negro students. 

"I have known Dr. Horton and the Highlander Folk School 

since the foundation of that institution. I am a regular 

contributor to its budget and I am in deep sympathy with 

its programs and objectives. F. B. I. agents should be 

investing their time and the government's money in detecting the real enemies of America, rather than harassing 

those who so competently and intelligently support and 

extend democracy as the l!igh?.and'ilr .Folk School,. I am 

sending a copy of this letter to Senator Este~auver, who is porsonally acqua~ted with Highlander Folk School 

-'lnd its staff and, to Dr. Horton .... · '".· "" 

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Before 

your comments 

di15patcbing this repl;r, 

re~arding it. 

I would appreciate receiving ... , •. r,,.,. ---

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Vr. lf1lea HortoD 

Director, Higblauder Polk Sobool 

Monteagle, "nnea ... 

V;y dear Jlr. Hortoal 

Yours ·•rincereJ.T, 

' 

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HIGHLI.NIEJt FO!Jt &;;lllCI. c 

STA'.J!:.l:'R'r OF I'URF03, ~ .itJI) K3.IC'l 

~le !e&1'f1.rm wr faith 1n del.locl'l\c). as a goal t.hat. w1 U bring d1ero.t.3' and 

; tree~ to all; in de;nr:cn.cy as an expant11n3 concept. encClll!,a~a'..r.,"' ~:"·.wn 

· ~l~tior.s 1'roz:. the !!:!1\::.lett cocoun1ty or~an!.zetion to int..mrtJ.o:·IBl etnaotlll't'; and ~r"'2~ti~ ~:a eca.or.U.c, socia:.., end ~itical activ:! t.if'l. 

De:mocracy to .US ."'!Ps.nl thl't .:lf',~.~rship in thP hu.-:-.An f&JJUJ I'Jatitles all to 

rrecdold o!: t.hrught. and re~i~on, to eo;ual ~·.a to a livelihood, education 

ar.d h~alth; to e<;'.al oppo:turJ.t; to partici;:et.A i:l t.'le cultural. life of · 

the eomr..unity and tc. t'c;uS:. accese to .,l,b:..ic !'ervi~e. 

Yle hold th•t. de:-.ocr:~c; il: i.'lPctiV'! u:llus ".for'~era •re gi\·en a full 'll)ifiP 

in indWitcy t.hroug:. ur.io:JS; or fr.~ rs a~ siv"n • voice in thP .lllf.Mt 

pl•ce throl!gh coopel'!.t.ive-F; Clr ·:he:1! ~zef.ct.f". o! t>tou3ht l!ntl M.sc•Jssion 1e 

lbi~d; thl"t de::ocrac~ is outLr . ..,Pcl b; l ~ga'!l.y ert..rt'xhPd dl.scri::lin&tion 

and S!"fl'!!getion; thtt tho!~-e Jilust bf> ~v•reity of app:.-oach Out f'&eh lltep 

'·'"" '-.. 0.. in cor.fol!:lity with tbt> gog,l, ldlich u disilonort'd by eaeh undPmocratic act. 

:\ith ll der~ocratic goal, Wf' l!.rt> in a position to 1'Ir;ht. anyt!'ling thet gets in 

th~ way, whPth!!r it b4' totalitarian CDI't"lUUli!!r:.6 or fl!scism or :;wnopoly 

dominatF d capital1am • 

. The purpo~e or the Highl.antlcr Folk School 1a to aeciat in creating lndt'~ 

ship for democracy. ~ur aP.rvi.Ct'S a1e avillablf' to ll'lt.or, farm co·.:nunity, 

•~i.igious aad civic organizations wolt..in& toto.e:'d a democra::tic goal. 

The nrture or a speci!ic educational progra;~ will be detPr..lined by the needa 

o1' thl' ~ t'-lde nts • 

Uee ot: tl\<' services or tilf' School by :!.ndividual or&aniz•tions will be in acco~an~ ~t..'t t!l,.ir O'Wtl po:!.iciPs so long as tht'se poltcit's do not con1'lict 

with thf' ,purpose~ ~ tiP School. .k staff rner.tber will assist in planning 

l'nd coord!na•,ing all progzalb • 

. ThP High~::.nder rolk School iS a _c:1Prt.Pred inetit.ut.ion, coo,.-rat.ivPly owl\t'd 

by t.lw vaching starr. It has hO af!iliatioll8. The J.>OliciPs and program 

ot th" School arP wt.ol1.y det.,zmi.ned by an Execati·~e CoiL'lcil composed' or the 

s\-a.ft end recogni.Zf!d South,.rn l<'adP re. 

nighlandP r Folk &chool is supported by contributions from indi vidunls, organizations scrvPd by the School, foundations and tuition. 

TM t:U:w-s call tor an affi:rm~tiw program, based on a positive goal. An 

· · al'!lly or cll-::~ocrec;y <!ee!Jly root..d in the livPs 1 strur:rlf's and trel:!itions or 

the AlllPrican people muat be CJ:'PI'tf'd. B;y broadening t.hP scope or c1e.:10crac:r 

to include rwr;one • and det>pPning- thP c~Ct'pt to include every relationship, t.hf' 11r.~ of dF:::ocracy would be so ftllt anc1 so det.P.;rmined thrt notld.nc 

wdfomocrat.ic could stend in its Pith• 

·. 

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HIGHLANIER FOLK SCIDOL SPONSORS 

/. ,.t-Dr• John Dcwoy 

....Lso.ul D. Alinllky . 4 llr. & Yrs, JoscP, Bames 

:/- ~.A. i)', Bc1ttol 

· -:£ llaey 1lcLc od Be thunJ 

:....···' 

;x(. 

/ 

x 

/ 

Algernon Bledc 

Dr. B, R. Brazeal 

U.s • Etllll Clyde 

Jlcv • Vlithcrspoon Dodgo 

Cllrrord J o Durr 

Kermit Eb,y 

l.!rs. Gladya Talbott Eclwnrds 

Gertrude Ely 

Rev, W, J, Faulkner 

Mr, & l.lrs, J. R. Flllman 

Llrs. H11rry Gershon 

Clinton S, Golden 

Gcorgo 11, Guest, ll,D, 

Mrs' Grnc(' T. HnmUton 

Leon Henderson 

,!, LL•wis ~ndcroon 

R~bbi Arthur HcrtzbQrg 

Dr. Flco.il'l€ Jaals 

l)r, ChBrlca S. Johnson 

,. 

Dr. Lilian W. Johnson 

Lcwia Joncs 

Yax Juat.ua · 

.· ' 

7 s- I I -I s-1 

. 

/ura. SiJDonKuhn 

I . 

~ U.r. It l!re. Corlias Lamont 

.J( U.re. :!rnost K • Lindley 

·')(A. A. Liveri.ght ! . . . 

"\. Lucy Randolph Uaaon 

I X Dr. Benjamin :! • Ua)'ll . 

' 

)(' /U07 JicW1llia118 

Y Dr. George Uit.chcll 

X J.rrs. Lucy Sprngul Jlitchell 

Yaev. Walter G. l.lueldcr 

/nr. ROinhold Niebuhr 

'X;'Jenni~B Porey 

\>("Clarence :! • Pickott 

v 

_ ·") Dr. Walter Reutcnetl'lluoh 

V Malcolm Rou '?5 Rev. 'Eugt·ro Smathers 

~ HUdn W, Smith 

X P, A, Stcpoons, l!,D. 

'< Jordan Stokoe lll ', 

·, X Dr. Alva w. Taylor __ ~-

/ \ "!.-· Dr. John B. Thompson ' 

~ tlrs. M. B. TUly 

")( Dr. Willard Upholis 

'7' ~rha~ Arkel 

-./_ J o Raymond Walsh 

~ Hon. It lire. J • Waties Wariftl 

Y~ubroy WUl1ams 

....J' /' Thomas 'W:Ullston, iiJ). 

~ Dr. Louis Wirth 

\· 
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Honorable J. Howard llcG._,~,, •. 

:.::::::::-, ~ ~}11·~-===~~~IMQB'lW-.. - • . . ,..,..,...., -rnvn. 'B1 v 

• l.liss Lucy ia.ndolph Mason. Soutbl m CIO'!'!t!ru.o"lie-latiollll 

Representative, has suu,ested that I aak 70\1!' ad'doe about a 

problem growing out or t.h! attendaDO" of llrgrou at the ~laDder 

Folk School. Becauae of your OWil peracnal. feeling in regard to 

. d1ser'.J!rl.!"...at.ion, l8.3a lW!Ion telt that :ou !!Ould underete.'ld tbe . problem here and be in a poaitioo to giw ad~oe • . . 

The Highlander Polk School endeavora t.o pu.t. racial derne:r into practice; consequentJ.:y .. can expect. a measure or opposi- &.•--

"t,~n. 

We hardly expected• howewr, to haw Negro st.udenta aada 

the subject of invest.igat.ions b:y the Federe,l.Bureau of Invest.igation. 

On October 11th I wrote Senat.or Estes Kerauwr that FBI agents 1111re ' 

asking our neighbora about the attendance of Negroe a and implyins 

that our non-discrimination policy was co!llllllllrl.st.ic and imn!o~. 

This llne or questioning has created confusion in tbl minds of our 

reighbors regarding the J'lghts or Negroes to bl!l at the School • 

On December lOth I raised this cpeat.ion with Yr. Hugh H. 

Clegg, Assistant Director of the Federal. Bureau or Investigation• 

and cpoted one of the FBI agents who had told .me that hll thought. 

our enclosed news releaaa condemning diecrl.mination would be conAide red eonmurlistie by a ma.jorit.J or Southem p&opl&. · 

The apparent contusion of racial democrec:r with cOllllluniaa 

by tbe FBI agents and the implication of this kind of thi:nldn& 

alal'!md the Highlander ~cutive Couna!.l members ltlo met January 22 

..nd 23. 

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Hono111ble J. Howard KcGrat.b Januarr ll., 19Sl 

Council me!lbers were also disturbed bJ the exchange of 

correspondence with Mr. Clegg. It agente can den, what tbe7 haw 

said, they can likewise report th1ng11 t181 haw not been told. Sinoe 

they go in pair11, the J:enon intervie•d ill at a disad'VBilt&fll• 

With this problem in mind, a mtion -~~ made bJ K1aa Luc1 

Randol!il Jiaeon •that, because or previous nd.sunderstandinge in inte~ 

views with FBI agents, the Highlander Director ahall 11peak tor t.he e~-.,~1: and shall ask that all queation11 posed bJ an,. PBI agent11 be 

put 1n wrl ting, and stall make hie rep U.s in. w:d. t1ng - provided 

legal counsel adviaes this action.• · 

. The Council ill not raising the q~ ation r:L giving intol'IDntion, but or giving it in a~.ch a wq that the J:erson interviewed hall 

the protection ot a written record. Could ,.ou advise us as to the 

le bality or the CouncU proposal that 1nj;e rviews be carried on in 

writing. 

We shall greatly appreciate ;your advice on thill matter. 

Vecy 11incerely ,.ours, 

llyle s Horton, Director 

Highlander Folk School 

F. s. I want to rnss on e. COr:l<U!nt on this letter made by a neighbor. 

cc: SE-nator Estes Kefauver 

enclosures 
i 

Higtllander Folk School 

..ionteagle, Teme•ee 

' 

for imediate rele .. 

:Jonteagl.e, Temepee ••• HoveM~ber 20, 1950 ••• "'ur Christmas belle could 

be !ret~dom bella it we dared include all minorit~s in our circl.P ot brotht!J'o 

hood," :.iylfls Horton told a conference or church leaders at the Hilf!t!lander 

Folk School. 

"Freedom tlE'lle ringing in the cabins or Ntogro eharecroppers, ringin& 

tor eager lldnded etudente with opportunities lilldted by accident or b1rth, 

and freedom bi-lls echoing in distant lands oould till the troubled world with 

thoughts of peace on earth an<l good wil.l toward roan," he eaid. 

"Higtllander'e deJlX)cratic program ill baaed on. the broU.rhood or 

man. Del!l)c:racy t.o us mPans that membership in the hwnan tlllllil,:v l'nUtles all to 

the freedom or thought and zeligion, to equal ~ht.e to a liwlihood, educaUon 

and health' to equal opportunity to participate in tM cultural l1!e ot ttJI 

c~rr;r,unity and to equal acc:E~ss to public llf'rvices," ti-e religious lf'adere were 

told. 

"'lie hold that del!l)c:racy is inactive unless workers are giwn a full 

voice in industry throUgh unions; or !arm:'rS are given a voice in the marlcet 

• 

place througtl cooperati'lres; or w~re frPedom or thought and discussion 1e 

limited; and that del!l)cr&cy is outlawed by legally f'ntrenched discr1.minat101l 

and segregation. 

''The t~s call tor an a!firma.ti"''l program, based on a positive goal,• 

said Horton. "An &I!JW or del!l)cr&cy deeply rooted in the lives, struggles and 

traditions or the Alli!rican people must Ill' created. By broadening the scope · 

of democracy to include everyone, and deepening ti-e concept to include eve17 

J'E'lationahip, the anD~ or democracy 'WOIIld be eo vast end ao deterlldned that 

nothing undemocratic ooul.d stand in its path .• 

......... 
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De e.r Myles 1 

•-· ., .. r ,~ 

·: ·- . ·:J:~t.t 

lt. 1 

'lrac7 C1t7, !anne••• 

Jan.3l, 19SL 

·This, to ·my mind, is a thorouehly hDneet end perfedtl.)' conciee expres11ion 

of"th" problem :ou pr<'sent. l cannot SPP how Kr. lt~~t.h can tail to ~mde~ 

st~d it:; si~n1fieanee • and \ii~rsta.nding, fail to ta.ke stt-ps tOward thl pse- . ~ntiiZl or future trouble. 

Plea!le reel tree to use me as a rerPrence it JOU ba'VIe such need. 1 aa 

always wUling to spsak or write 1111 con"dcticzu' :regarding 7ou:r .,-..r.~:~:W. bte-

&rit.y and the high pll:rpose of Highlander. 

I IIS.S I'M! re so;:tf'! ~ars bProre JOU came. The ne1111ess or :our progr11111 aroused 

wonder end even suspicion in t ~ com:nW\1 ty. We hPard wiid talf's or cOIIIIIIUilistic 

intent, alliance lrlth Russis, ·machine guns in the attic 1nd varous forms of 

i=orality. Peopl.f' calli! to me with thPse extrabagant J"UJOOrs, bE-gging 11111 to 

"do so::lf'thing about it." 1 did do something. 1 visited thP. school when ;pou 

and Don ~lest gave a "pla7-part7" !or thP child!'f'n of our cOIIWU!lit.7• 1 went 

aeain wi'M!n Jim Dombrowski started a Bibl.f' 11tudy clase. riP learned a good deal. 

about social cooditions 1n the days of Amos and Kieah. 1 went to a meeting 

hPld arvr a neighbor's house h:1d bumed down and ;pou started plans -and 

funds - !or building a new home for him. 1 went to a Christman part.7 where 1 

helped with the children's gat!llls and saw ;you pla7 Santa Claus with a bag of 

pr<'sents. Once I went to a sewing bee, anott.Pr neighborhood benPtit. I wa.s 

sick at the time the P. T. A. was organizP.d in :our liv,l.ng room, but 1 heard 

all about it. I hf'ard, too, or othf'r "good deeds" -by this tine the neighbore 

had soroething else to talk about than the fearful fantasies of the early .days. 

One dQ-rk night, Jim: went a good way to bring a doctor for _rne of my school 

girls in time to save her and her l·aby. "ld1dn1 t know there l«'lre such good 

folks," pne neighbor wor.ISJl said. Then I heard about the time that Claudia Lewis, 

the llurse ry :;chool t.Pach,.r, and anothl'r one from Highlander, prepared al.l that 

·was needful to bury a 11 ttle child in a very poor family. · · 

All t!V!se things nnd many more convinced me that :our pull'Dse and plan lor 

cor.J.ng to Uva in our colllllunit'l was !'ssentially good and had no ulterior motiw. 

Ir1 later ;:reare I hav .. le:lrned morP or :our practical program, :our eonoept ot 

true democracy 1n your policy or non-discrjmination, non-segregation, and JOur 

act•1al "lOl.'"pJe in living what yo~ bE-lie 'lit'. I know a minist.Pr who eaid, "I wish 

T ~M, .-1 l' .. .,, t.hP.t I cal'le as n"ar as llyles Hort.on to rP&l consecration to the 

Cau:>e of rPal Christianity.• 

--.-, ... ,-~ .. _· ·-- ... : . . -· ~:!-··. _·-~:;\~~~y-,_:r;_'·;~_,:_"'_-;_._:, ___ ~--~.ti.C_•.·_-_-_-_'.~::--::; ... !;:t_:·.;:~· .. ::.:~:-:.:·~--).:~ ~-.~.::~_~. ~ _;·~:.\~:- :- ______ .•• , • - -·,;·,:·_ . .f.-."· .. ;~ •. ~:~.,:.· __ :.:··_1_·· 

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>lyles Hort.on 

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"'Jo you think Highlander is radical?• The last time I was asked thie 

question, I eave thie answer which I would give today. •tea, t.J:ay are te.dicU.-

as radical as the Declaration or IndepPndenoe - or the Semon on the Yount.• 

It is because you dare to bf'lieve that not only •all IIIPn aft' created tl"H and 

equal•, but that. theft' 8hould be "llbert7 and justice tor an• that you are ~dical. And the om• who bade all men to act like brothers 1 made no dltterenoe between his white chlldft'n and thP black. 

I deplore the recent •investigation" or the F B I ~nte, impl.Jing as it did, 

that your non-discrimi.nAtion polic;r toward Neogro atudente conatituted proot 4t 

ynur com::nnintic .natureo, puJ1>ose, plan add intent. When te.cial df'mocr&e)' 0111\ be 

~u:l:use1 with COIIII:Iunil!lll in the m1nds or P' a I >"nts, thrlre ill cause tor alam,. 

it sellr.ls to me. Our com:nunity has CDIIIP a .long w&J SA appreciating and undel'-

etan<ling the pollc;r or Highlander, its principll"e, its practioe or real demoerac7• 

But t.hb faith though fostered tor so l'l:my )"'&I'll by living proot and elCJUIIple 1 

cannot rail to su!fP r frau the sliock or a villi t trom tl:a P' B I 1n llhich t.ha 

school 1s policy of non-discri.Jolination .is &1,ven a red tag and 1 .. 1. 

,,it.h all this is.mind, I an elad you haw written this letter to lir.Mo:irath. 

I hopP it lPads to a definite \J'ld<>ratan<ling which will a!f'ect all future 

i.r. ve r,_- iews • 

• lith b<>st wishes for yo•• and thP rest or the Highlnnt!Ar Rta!f, I 11!main 

Your friend, 

lray JustW!I 

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Lr. Hueh H. Clegs 

Assist'1.'1t !Ji!"'ctor 

. ~edP~:;. ::J\Iftau or lnwstigatian 

':lashington, D.C. 

De- r .llr, Clegg a 

.. 

H4 17h1 an A. .. 11'A1!,. ~ ....... _, •--o•--•,_"' • ..,..._A - ... a_,. 

Liontf' agl,., Te me seee ~CPr.lber 101 195() 

l wa~ ;>ll'a<oed to read !:rom the lntf'mational Labor Ne-

~ rviCf' that you f4!el t.hat the •aucCPIIII Of COIIr.luniD• 

can ·,.e measurt'd b;· the Wf'aknessea or de'llOcracy. I am led 

to \>ell.-ve by Y"'.lr anal:ysia of the situation Uat :you 

would a.wrove the encJ.osed at.atemant or polle1 of thO 

liichlando>r Folk School. 

In the $outh, pE'ople :>It' often criticil!ll!d who belle-w aa ,... do h<' Je Pt Highlc.ndt- r that diecri'nination is incoc.~patible with der.lOc~c:y. In fact 1 was tciid recentl:y by one of 

yr>ur eg<'nts that the cuntenu or tte enclosed ney:s release 

,;ould be consi&red ccm'UUrlistic b:y a majorit:y of Southem 

people. 

1 sinCE'"'ly ti!Ut that thP position taken by you in the 

·!lew Yorl< P.e :rs.ld Trib~ forum 1s the official position ot 

the F.B.I., and not the position iJ!lplied by the activit~a 

of your rt'prt'9enVtivea who h!l.w questioned our neighhors 

~£r._rding visite or !kgroee to the Schoole 

·:.ould you cl.foar this matter u:;> for 112? 

Sine<' rel:y yours, 

Myles Horton 

Director 

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JD1 ted ti1a tea .IOpr. rUm at. rt£ J\lltl-

;lJdeAl r~u or I!lWetl~tlae 

~-~.u1~UI~ .IJe 0• 

!... -\'lite ·111' WD 

;.treo1.41' 

'l.\Q ,)a ra1oJ' Folk :.ell oa1 ~ :;J.• •. , .11111 ... 

z--.r ::tr• 

T b1• wUl DO l.o1Mod.:_-e 7DUP Jetter r/1 

·.-ooottl•r 10• 1960e 

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It taa lone, 'boen tl1.o .. t..blllbed ~Daodure 

a! thJ.a i :.r-u to Nfl't.1D t'ro!l o~trtl~ 011 the 

aU.tonont. of aL .a a.nd l"C'pOOQe aC AI\'( ar ,1'n111lt10M 

a:.%1, tie re1'tro0 wo G' ru;ot oCIJl:IDat 011 ~ polla1 .. 

ot' yrJU:I' • ct.oole 

l',lt;a r9.Jll'l to tl.., atata..lllrt. tl .. t fOil 

c.\1Z'lbu1lod toll '-?aoU.l <lcc»nt or U\la l'~U. ~18 

.-ill &<hi• tl»-t l :ave ollDo!ald witt. thl wo Speoi&l A~-ontll who O->t.1aoted yo- ort heoedxlr 70 lOfiO• ~llllff 

onrc1AtlaL.ll7 doqr ~>at 7ou ••-.t u- tbe .... 

ro lot.•• or ta. t fho y • de a~ .W. ~ nta t" )'IN 

N• toly a;.rrCQot.l~ ;;~ aU..ptlall• 

:;tVl Ue Cle:;,: 

.NIIieUurt oilro~ 

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!rom Highland<' r 1 ucut.iw Co~~ncil lllinu~• 

(page 3) Jllll 22-2), 19,1 

Horton gaw a full r..port on IICIDr rt'oent. &cti'f1Ue1 ofF B 1 ~nt.8 wbo aae 

Reg~• att.endLng or visiting H1&hJ.mde_r. Horl.cn zead a let.t.Pr be wrot8 Senator 

Kefauver which s.'li .. ill Part. I •n.7 { t.t. 1 B I agents) haw been part.icular'lJ 

inaiet.ent in their qWtatians about the at.tendanoe of ll•grou at. lli&hlander 

rsdon.e and oonterenoe•. 'fbr>7 wanted to kDow where people sleep ~Ad what. Jlll8 

an a!t.llr the contPrenoes are owr • •• I hoJa J'OU can rind t~ t.o look into 

thia situation and do l!lom.thing to •top intimidation o.t our na.t,;hbora and thl 

interenoe that the non-diacrirlinatiOil pollc7 of the school, which is that of t.bl 

CIO and AFL, is communistic and immoral.• 

Hcr".o:! c~n':.inaell that. the ~nte ar• go1ng around tbe co•anamit7 t17i!IB to atir 

'"' th<' pP!:'J"~ ... by asking loaded q1.111stions about tlvt llegro studPnts at ltighlander• 

lL~ anti,.., Horton :read a ne1111paper :report. that the assietant Director or the 1 B 1 

ll'.ade a ~P"'ech at the Jl.,,.. York H.orallt Trlb~~ne roN~~~ in which be said d1scr1m1m•t.ion 

was 1ncompntible with dPmoere.o;y. Horton congratulated thll F B I spoktoaman and. 

r-epof't,ed a con>r.>ent madP to him~ an F B 1 &gf'nt who said that a Highlander Ne'd 

rel.,allll which condelllllll d1scrlminatioo1 would be conaidPred oolMllniat.io b7 a majorlt.J 

ot soutlr.rn pPople • The 1 B I Assistant Director ans11Pred that. be had p<'rson&ll,y 

checkw'd th" rnatt.Pr and that both aeente who talked wit.b Horton, denied emphat.ieall,y 

,.;,Mi.L•g ru1y such statement.. 

···~..,, ~''v~.-.. r;ed d111CUIIIIion, it wall 1110ved b7 Luc7 Rantblph Macon that, beo&uM 

or previous misund<orst.and1ngs 1n 1ntarv1en with F. B I agents, the Highlander ' 

Director shall •P"ak tor the starr and •ball &Ilk that. all quntiona poNd b:r aJII 

F B I agent11 be put in writing, and •ball. ..- ld.• replie• in writ.illc - pro'ddacl 

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:..et;al co~n•l r.t'lviftc-e t.h111 act. on. ~t.la\ M'ccnded bJ ladl. l'lil~t& 

and Jlll~"•d• 

lt. •!' nlMI '"IU"a~d bJ W1•11 Wa/!Cft that t.ht l'irPctor 11Mll writ. 

u.·.I.At.tci'DI'1 r~llf'l'lll Howard ~rw.Ul and "'"View t.bU nt.uatJ..on.Md explain. 

tc tw1 1lfv' • hAw \11'«\ to~d to ..... thla ect.ir>DJ and that. a •P1 .r . ' 

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Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

..t:?c--. 

DmE~, FBI A'l'T,: II'ISPJ!!C'l'OR L. L. IA'!XlELII DATB: 3/14/~ 

SAC, XNC!lCVILLI 

4mHIJJmER !'OIK SCHOOL . 

INTERNAL SECURI'l'f - C 

(Bufile 61-7511) 

Enclosed herewith is article •by BICKl'IE~ entit1~choo1 Spurs Racial Am1ty 1n Southland" Which · 

appeared 1n the 3/8/51 issue ot the Christian Science M:>nitor. 

-at 

-"61-12 

Enclosure 

f.LL INFORMATION ~I)NTAINED 

liEREINt ~~LASSIHED DATE~ G BYSP~ I 

c}</J!,-0 

RECORDEI • 2.5 

\tJDEXEO · Z 

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srho~I ~Spu~? 1\acial Amity 

Faiotlie''Stor'y' ~ ·;.' :' . '{l min.;;.. wl16.~.;,ntacl ..,) the tten by. the Seore 

One ot.'lti ~.·' ~orttohh_'i t1•;:~'il. dbatde' .... ~IUnited, can ci~. btroeJ;te- ft .edortob n -~~~o~~o?:o:~ stories is.".·-~ ~ou ~o e fttl they ·h ..•ve 1alned . m nanc . Y con 1 d' l\'1 

union lOcal bead·~who c~e to~_! Hi~hlandei' .. ~ . -~ many ind1~idu~ls, inC.~ ~~ -~~· 

achool to attend a -~mmar ·on~~-The ___ lchoQl hu an JmposinciFranklln D., JlQoMVelt. ne eAIn Southland 

The Southern 

Succe~s. St(lr)-IX 

This ia: the ninth in a series of 

One oj ,the natjon'a o:utsianding 

economic developments, ·the 

comeback in the scuthern atates. 

In gdtheriHg ··material for thes-e 

stones, .Mr. Eubanka travelt-d 

into Ct:ertf sectiOn of the South.; 

labor. que.stions.· He : .. had b~en-.. list of .sponsorf lncl.udinc ·Dr .. plai.ns. that moat of the eon:;t. ~u­ spo.nsored b7 his loCal.- Mr. H~ ·John Pt_wey clifford J, Durr, Lions come in arnaD amthoun • n- learnj!d that the oil worker W~. Mar ·· Mt:Lei>d . J!ethune, · ·.Ledn dicatine to blm that ey .come a leader . ot the Ku ·Klux !Olin Hen~erson, Aubrey Williams, Dr. I Jrom people prett)I'Soolthe to the 

in his home !Dwn. Reinhold Niebuhr and Federal 'pass roots of ·the u · "1 d·idn~t say anythin• ~hi~·~ .Jnrill'f" .J w3 ties viarinj:. _ I He has let~ b7 ~e !CO'f! 

I 

first," Mf. Horton explains. ,"'JSUt --Tb; ~SchOOl was fourided In from people an over the. ~utn 

you can imagine his surprise when 19 .. 2 when Mr. Horton and a who have attended sesston at 

he. fou. n.d his bunk _JDa. te. was a.. fri~nct cold the ijca to Dr. Lilian Highlander. He is fle~ with 

Negro. He was _1:aui'et for .two &r- w. Johnson · ot Memphis: pr. ~hem aU. for to ~ m,is ey ~~ three days, b_ut you co~ld sei;, be. JohnEon c:1ve· them .a bulldmg ~ 6YJ11bols sbowlnC e on £ 

w<'s getting ready to boll over. and 8 • ... out 2(10 acres of land-all right road. Perhaps, hthough,_ h 

FinalJy, MI'. Horton _s~ys, th~ .,,~ n~\·-n, ·The friend -&oon leit, is proudest of a lett~. e recel~·ec 

oil worker came to_ _him .~na b~t"i M:~ :·H-orton kept on. · ·, from- a: Ne~ fertruzer ~ontei 

claimed he had been "~nckecl. From t~c first the school has· in M;l!islssippl, who vrr:~ Is th 

"I pointed out to .htm th9:t he been under attack. Even labor "I can say for rnyse c had had our folder explaming unions·eyed the school with some ftrst time that I ha~ had u: 

what the school was''i.nd that. he Eus ic:ion But when Mr. Horton chabee to dwell to.ae . er w had had plenty of . opPortunity hel~ the· ftrst CIO school in the white an4, colored friends h 

to find out what the school wu South the workinc men be&an to unity. if the whole wor~ hac 

By Bicknell Eubanks before he came . ., l change their. '?Pinio~. . _. _ thi! unity, It would :;,otth ..... •w ."'~trc:irr('~pcrnilnt-o! Q. Kl ·:- ~ll ,.-,,;, troubleforusto&O e.,o nc c;,.,.isti.an Science Mor.:tor Leader Ult an . Farlil.er.s··W"eleomeo. . ·~~··· · .. and vote. Neither w~:ml~ t~er~ b· 

~.!o:oi<'--.Jle, Tenn.. He shouted that .he still It he .· ''Tbe··_~hoo.·l \Vtlcom~-:f. &nne~.- ~y prejUdice or d1scnm1~0~ Pract'ical methods of solvin& had been tricked, and that w_u In bet ·Mr~ 'H-orton hal tu.med u Klux Klan, or hate eampa ?-· 

racial problems are being sought going home. Mr. Horton tol. b1m muCh ·of -the ~on of .the • ~We would have pea~ m at lh.e Highlander Folk School hffwould have a job of e.xplamin& ! ....... ....,., Uc:•lf'.~w.,.. to an ,a!listan~ ead of hate, tolerance-~~ a 

here high atop the beautitull ~do, because Pictures of him !"~"'~iha·r .. t~.~"-\virt;io.·· n, •.nd !~con-i·"'. discrimination and prt!judfe. Cumberland Plateau. ting with Negroes already had :e 1

-ratin.,. hif: -efforts to bri in· . Southern whites and Neiroes en senJ; tO his local. 1 d trial ;.,oTkera ·and farm s of I 

8!'e being brought together in The oil worker stormed out of t - So\lth e'O:;er tozether. . 

reR.Iist·i·c fashi.on ... And. th. ese whites the buildirig. For several days he ut -Mr. Hortt'ltt.-)s not bein~ and NegrQes' are going back out thought hard. All this ~~e he overoptimistJ;c. tt:e-- real~zes that j0~n fh'O" r~r;inn tt:~ preach that continued to •ttend th~ discus- tht southern· trall!ti"::_n$ o~ separa~ 

racial harmony is- pOssible. F¥ elorls, ate with the reSt -ot the -~·on or rac:s. are .tl:rc stron1 ~ 'thev have 1ried to learn fro~a gro\lp, and. continued _to room 1

--m.ove o\·em~1ht. l;e still ts ~~iiy e-.:p~rience that the ditrer wi+h the Negro. . . ci~A~·~nt <'f t'·e l•l'.im~·e r~l_"lOVF.~ 

l

ilces v.-·mch now seem insu{ He began· to see that h1:5 be- of h:.~e {H"'"crenccs, m. s:"'t; o , wuntabje can be overcome. liefs had been based on miscon- c:onrt:nt ?!.;.ac'-s on h1s f.~·~oo1 l 

T!·-e ,-i~itor to Highlander s s ce·,t: 0115, Mr. Horton says. 'rom man~ s_quthern po11t1cal 

iHic in the physical plant of the ·•J:Ie dictn•t know what to ex- 1,.a·1t"rs' ··.~ -'d: ·- .. _ , _ 

,:-,l·l,:iui i.iliH iGoi;s especiaiiy ex- peel when he got back home, butl·-y;i~-afls, .. ;~~ t:, 'Chai';:es th_at he If. 

pc.-iJHental. H<" notices buildings ".'e had shown him t~ro_ugh t!'te is,,tt.ring t~ ··s?..T up trouble 1.n the~~.~ .. r< ,.-imple, bcc.utirul dcsi1m (they ' snnpJe method of bnngmg htm South .. this. . young southerner ;..· ·c dcsig:ned by Carl Koch, into contact with Negroes that he '·points' to h;s Echool's statement:· _. c ·•ni:-rid:;e •. 1'11:tss .. archi1cct). -A 1 had been wrong," Mr. Horton or·j,UrpCJse: · ~· .- ~ c:- sc!1oo\ f1•~· mo.:mtRin;:r chil- says. .- ·_. · ·: ·. ~ · ."We -rcaCium our fait~ in ~e- fi c .:'1_ ai~d _a h'w~ry ~rc t~c only "There is a sequel to this story. niMr:!.cv as a 2oal that \Vlll bnng !"" 

t c, hull::lit~:;:s which sugg.::s:JJ· it is This oil worker ·went home, aiJd digO.-itY"'. ;;:md freedom to a. II. : in.· a ::.':hool. · shortly after ht got back a rival democracy ai; an expanding con~ 

.. ,. ·c·J·cd h)· Hill roi'- union tried to raid his local. c t encompassing human reta- Ll.~~ • t • A l'ied to persuade this man to tio:il!!J froiD the smallest com- ~ut ~~yles ~or_~on: who f<:_~unded !_ join them a.nd carried 0!1 the a_t- i m:un\fy o_r,Zanizati:m to i~_ter~a­ thls umquc m;:;tJtutwn, pomts to 1 tempted ra1d .on a ractal basts •. ~toua1'-Dtr\TC:{,~_;_·and. 9ern~_\JOI 

t;1.: school:s 1·ecord .o~ seeking tot Byt the. oil worker defied them, ill_ ~l~t~ic}~-~~1. _.t;d -~\1$:-" llft the \'ell of susptcton and fear p1!chcd m, and defeated the rival cal actJVlhes. · - · _., - · · ib:·o~;ghout the South. Mr. Horton, union. He is now one of the town's "Democracy to us means that hi1ns~lf a native of Tennessee, ex- Ot1\standing leaders and a s'trong membership in the human . p:ti.ius.,t.h1'1~ }:le has ha4 _to_ ov~r-: adq•catc of-equal ri~hts." family entitles al~ .• ~o treedoll) of ~ 

o. c-1~.·.- suspto:to .. _n and t.hreats to get. And. he has quit the Klan Mr._ ~ou'!ht. •.nd rcht. 1on., to equal· .. , i.he .s,cho~l- wl~e .. ·e it is today •. N~, Hot·ton adds. · ' <'hfs-to a Jiv~lih9Qd, educat~~ · :: ~-··:::;be:::; 3rccp!::-d by the moun-. - · - d health': to.ecn-tat.o·~·)orturi~Y 

t;;il,{"f'. r~ . .a.nd man·y·,s:aut_herners'l · · ,..-;-:nnulcd in 1 ..____ ~:-'? t!Partici)13te · i~ · thc.-Ct · 1t~;rs.l t ~e.'. · j 

'"..,: ..,._.;u.H•ui. w fi-UtlU1. 1ts s.uc-. Hi_:hlando:r still hFs its ·foes. 0 the commttnity: and to eQ al : cesr·· . . . ··.- - Although it is chartered by the a ess to public Sf'!rvices .••• " l 

'lt_really 1s -hard .to. describe State of Ten·~::ssee &s an .. .ed.uca~ - · ---- --------·---···· · just _\\~hat ,the school is." Mr. Hor· tional instHutiou, -,there are 'those 

ton-says .. eYau just ~an't $YP• it. who clajm •it is not truly a CHRIS T/AH SCI E.NCii 

It's neither one ihlng ncr;- ,noth'l!r,. scllooL. ·But the neiihborin2 1 

bu_t . a, eombiaat\oq oi many ' meup!•ine!rs point tO the '!,aY I -a o s To /IJ ~ j' 8 I¢/, 

tn•u-:s. -· . .. . · I aclRio , which has beell a lsacwto . I' 

Tbe . .operaUng ·, po11cy of tl~c their children. Arid ··nearby eoa.l J · 1c~09J is .quite o£lm ,lc. lt .P..o::cc:p.s ~.:.:-=:...:::::.:;;:.::::_::;::_:::::~:_=::..­

adult &tudents -s:nt .b;• v:n·.o:u;.c;;r,:.,, 

ganizations to en~·~· in t· .. o-··r • • L '.'r·,·,~u· 'jMATIO~.·I en. ~·IHtrJ.:. ;;cr,L11tHo _c~_ sor.1t, current pr~9-- ~·~- . 1\ l 'il • ··we want . unlY leade-rs,"~ •· l'ERFI·· i 1u If\ •••. ~ ort.on exphups.- "We dotl't caie '--~ __ . -~--· .. -1 "': 

' hat they are lc;_~ers ~,___.- ~ ' _ ~ __ :. ·.- -!..''.'-~'t·~-~~~ .. :t,-. ;:0:. .f: .. -~- ~; -r_· .... ·-· -· :. 

nt the Jype o l.r -· , .. --... · -.r-.--"~i--.":' ,,.,_'"".··. ·-:., . ___ ._ •.• ,~ ... •. ,,,:·_:: _ ~ _ ,-

~~;·w·~·· .. :~-~ ,._-. . .. -,·~-~t~·.· "~·-:._ ~-. ·.- ,•>·',' '-,:,;·.-.' ·.-.:_~·_;::'--:',~--:,_<:-.-- ·- '; .. ~:5 ':_. . -.. ·' .. :: -.::_ ··i- ,._.; __ :;·. 

,_-, 
; •.- ..... ( ..... ·-·' . 

• ' 

,,: 

•,' 

... - Talking Things Over 

'''''''''''::·:·!·!<'> 

• ndtroUI. Sauntlln 

Participant Gives His Views at Highlander Folk School 

/ -.; 

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,..........,.._· ...... · (· 

Office Memorandum • 

' ~) 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

TO : D. )1. Ladd DATB: )farch 1.3, 19Sl 

FB.OM 

J.. H. Bel&- t< 

suBJECT: HIDHLANDER FOLK scH . ~ L ·~rcoR .. ATION CQMT~-Ir'c" ~ INT'l:RNAL SECURITY- : .L !»o m 11 n. tl-o.l 

Buf'ile 61-7511 i iEREIN ~~~~~ASSIFIED~ DATE~ BY~SP§---"¥4-~s.r- PURPoss · cJrJ 

....,. __ 

Mr. Peyton 

To 

Ford 

submit 

which 

for 

is 

your 

1n answer 

approval 

to additional 

the attached 

1118ter1al 

memorandum 

which 

to 

the ~ 

Department forwarded to the Bureau relating to the captioned matter. 

DETAILS 

March 9, 1951, the Department furnished the Bureau 

certain mat rial which had been sent to the Attorne.y General by 

Congressman Adam Clayto~owell, Jr., of the 22nd Congressional District, 

New York, w ich material had been received either .directly or indirectlf 

fr.om ~les orton, Director of the Highlander Folk School. 

A review of this material reveals that it is very similar to 

t.loe :uaterial previously forwarded to the Bureau by Mr. Peyton Ford and 

which was anSllered in our memorandum to him dated February 26, 1951. 

Photostatic copies of this material have been made and it is 

suggested that the originals be returned to J.!r. Peyton Ford together 

with our reply to him. 

A review of this material reveals that in the letter addressed 

to "Dear Friend" dated February, 1951, signed by ~lee Horton, the 

second paragraph contains a statement, WWbat strategy prompted the FBI 

Agents to watch the school by night and to harass neighbors with questions 

!linking Negroes with Communism is not clear." This statement can be , construed as a new allegation on the part of Horton that the FBI has 

1

: teen conducting physical surveillanoes at night on the Highlander Folk 

School. 

In View of this new allegation, SAC Robey of the KnoXVille 

Office was telephonically contacted on J.IQrch 12 and requested to 

furnish any facts relating to the allegation. On the same date SAC 

Robey advised the Bureau by teletype as follows: 

Attachment 
.•·:· ::;- __ 

' .· .•.·. -·J ' . --........ ; '· '·. 

~.:,; 

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-----·7 

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.• ... _· ___ •. " ..... c ,.: .~.;j~::i -~~:::L<jrz:~::5::;~;,~ '-:.;:;;:;~;> __ : .:i_L~ / 

• 

"1. I Knoxville Office bas not conducted any surveillances 

at night at or in vicinity HFS. 

"2• )Knoxville Office bas not contacted any informants at 

or in vicinity HFS at night. · 

"3. Knoxville Office bas not 

ons at or in 

The results of this interview of 

report of al A~lm; 
-I 

( 

Under date of Februacy Z7, 1951, the Jrno:nille Of!ioa wu 

instructed to make no contacts whateoaver at the Highlander Folk 

School aDd that all tbe •Agents in t.be Knoxville Office should be 

1'.1rtJ.,er :!.netr-.:cted that no di:C'~:ion pro or con ahu.Ud bi iiiida 

W1 tb azv indiVidual conceruing the Highlander Folk School. 

ACTION 

Inasmuch u this allegation of Horton that the FBI cooduct.ad _ a pcysical surveillance of the Highlander Follc School at night is 

erroneoue, there is attached hereto for your approval a memorar:uinm to 

Kr. Peyton Ford eo adVising him. The 11\&ter:tal which Kr. Ford forwarded 

tO tbiB BUteau 111 il8o tl·~ to him, photostatic copies bavinc 

been lll&de for our files. -

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I 

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Office Memo'landum • UN~TED ST~ES GOVERNMENT 

. I 

TO 

FILOM : 

The lJtrector 

'IJ,. }/, Ladd ~ CON~ENTIA[ DATB: February 27~~ 

Ola ln 

SUBJECT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

m ~·;_n'" "~AT t ~ ·-- rm::szrn I~, .. ·- t··--,..... · rracy __ . '.A."'- • .MD 

O.Tf4ERIVIU. : . - "' 

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To answer the questions you asked with 

information set out in my mem,orandum of February 

is attached, 

DETAILS 

re pect t;o t;he 

2, 1951 ~ch 

• UADR 1r<l-

(1) 

Ciassffied 

Declassify ~<tn>JdYou wanted to lrnow the identitiea o,( the individuals 

who hand 7 ed v!l:r inJJ.S -!'h.a.s.titA_-41' -this situation wh ~ch 

arose in connection with_!~ighlanaero-Fo11r School. 

The ori~n:t.J~garcii.n,g_.:tll:i.L.e.crt.irJ!,JILa,tter. .. was 

received in> a letter dated December 10, 1950~ from Mr. Jlyles Horton, 

Director of the Highlander Folk School, addressed to Mr. H.H.Cl 

Mr. Clegg referred this communication to the Security Inuesti. 

Diutsion for handling. 1he r~~~~~~~~e~~~~~ 

1\IPafter the ma,tter had been d 

1 1 " _JL Int e r:n al __ Sec u rJ"UJ_,S_ec t i.()II, *'!-..;..,~~~~~ '"' ~·~ ~~,.,..!~~;'.!!.~A to preparing the reply, Mr. Lau 

and SAC Robey, after question£ng the Agents who £ntervi Horton 

on December 7, 1950, advised that the Agents had categorically denied they had made the statement attributed to them by Horton. 

The reply originally was prepared for the Director's signature. Mr. Belmont recommended it would be more appropriate to 

reply over Mr. Clegg 1s.si natur This was done. This letter was 

in itialecl bu Messrs. Lau::Jhl in. Belmont and lflnterro!Dd 

and sign~d ~y Mr. Cl - -

The second phasf!_~j'_ th !:_~-"!a t'f;!r.... q.r.pse__!:l!h~n_)lr. [loger 

Baldwin of the Amencan--"Civil Lilu~rtie.s .. Ullion directed a-letter 

to you dated Febru:J.ry 14, 1951. The cover memorandum dated 

l'euru.v.ry 21, 1951, and the sed letter_ to llr. Bqldroi'!,W~£ch 

; v" 

was attached were r discussion with ---- ~---·- ---· , _________ - ··-····. ···-- -~---

F. J. Baumgardner.J They were ~n~t~o.:~lcil bu llessrs. • H. Belmont, 

Jlr. Nichols and Jlr. 

The third phase of :t/J.i11 ait!1atjon u>~ni~ia:Wd..btf·-~e receipt of_ two_ me~noranda .from Jlr. Peyton Ford, _lJeputl( Attorn~11 Genera ;-.. 

both dated February 19, 1951. 'Iri" Jlr. ·rora's communications, he .tor V; 

~r.cortDEt . 2.s 1 r f f_ ~: 'L':: 11-.jJ fa.; 3 "lc 

pO~F~Nf!D;~~PH 7 195f -·:r- ~ .... ,. . '.,~ 
. ·.·.'.··. 

.; .· .. . '.: 

... ,. 

_:· •.>.'. - --

• 

• 

warded a letter dated January CONF~lTIAL 31, 1951, addressed to the Attorney 

General from Myles Horton, Director of the Highlander Folk School, 

together with certain other material which Horton had forwarded 

with his letter. Mr. Ford also forwarded the contents of a letter 

dated February 13, 1951, adaressed to the Attorney General by 

Albert E. Barnett of the Candler School of Theology, Emory University, Georgia. Jhese memoranda .from Mr. Ford raised additional questions which were set orth in my~e r~~al-riOruary 23, 

1 • To that_ __ memor.C!T:LJLm, prepared b.JL and !.:. J. 

Baumgardner, were attached proposed let ers o r. oger Baldwin 

and to M~eyton Ford. This memorandum was initialed by A. H. 

Belmont, F. J. Baumgardner and 

(2) You inquired when 

uiewed and who is 

need memoran um, 

cussed during this interview. 

was interIn addition to the aboue questions, you instructed 

that the Knoxville Office be advised not to discuss the High-

_1ander Folk School pro or c.o·n /h any. one •. 

Cml~ENT'"'.· 

- 2 -
.-.-·. 

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' 

CONF~TIAL The Knoxville Office has been so instructed. 

You further instructed that the proposed letters to 

/

Mr. Roger Baldwin and to Mr. Peyton Ford~ wh~ch were attached · to my memorandum of February 23~ 1951, both be changed. 

Both of these letters were changed pursuant to your 

instructions. 

ACTION 

. . ~ . 

· The Security Investigative ~iviaion sincerely regrets 

!that a situation such as this did arise and you may be assured 

\that every endeavor will be made to prof~t from th~s experience. 

- 3 - .·r·,·- -~' _•_.-_.. •',• ·-.• .. 
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~ GREENI!!IAUM, WOLF'F' 

() & ERNST LJo.WRENCE S OREEN ..... UM 

!:~W.Ioi'IO S GREENBAUM 

HEFIBERT .lo WOI..P'P' 

MORR'S '- ERNST 

SAMUEL J. 5CHUI"' 

ALE)(A"'DEI"' LINDII!:Y 

..;EFIOME HANDL.J:I"' 

THEODOFIE 5- .,IAP',..IN 

Lf:O ROSEN 

HAPR!I"T f', P!L.PEL. 

WILLIAM P'. WOL.,.P', ,Jill. 

28 !I MADISON AVENUE 

NEW YORK 17, N.Y. 

TEL.I!:~HONE MU""AY HIL.L ·-188.1: 

March 14, 1951. 

~~. Louis B.Nichols 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

DeJ;Rrtment of justice 

·washingtc>n, D.C. 

Dear Lou: 

I received a letter from 

whom I do not know, with respect to alleged 

improprieties 

0 practiced by the FBI agents in relation to the High-____ _ 

l;tnder ~'ol~~c~~-ol, of :·lonteagle, Termessce. 

herewith copy of a letter I have lfritten to 

I am sending you 

Enc 

'} ' i 

' )"\ 

Best, 

ALL INFORMATION C HAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ·. ~ DATE cJf,q/'rf BY s·rKm J~ 

1 I 

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at.CORDL,.. ~ i G/- 7~ll- I h ~ 

INDEXED· 2.5 

Cr. 7.?.] 

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March 14, 11151. 

Hy dear 

I have fgrwarded your colliiiWII1catlon down to the Aal!rican Cbi1 

. . Liberties Union. It is the kind of a situatiOD ln which tlle Union lli&bt 

vell be interested. 

Has anybody frORI your orr;anbation thought of coin& down to 

see I:dgar Hoover, or one of his associates? I have great respect for 

hh integrity, me! above all, kno\f that if any of his employees have 

acted izapl1:lperly, he alw"¥• welcomes an opportunity to be informed of 

the charges. \iithout such info~tion no official can ever correct iaprorr·icties in his staff • 

I I J 

1

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. ,, •. .. _.- -... ·. :" Jlarc1t 20. 1951 .. ., 

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;_·_'--~ ;: .. _.,:, . . . . ' .·• ·' 

..• -: ->-.' ... _ -"; .' 

Jlr. Jlorr'• L. Ernat 

GrurabaUII, ..-olf/ ud &rnot ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

::; Jf~:~=o~ :u;::•.rork HEREI41N;}ASSlFIED · .. ~~ 

j .. ,. ~'[''"':,-, 1-' I~,_. DATE. ,· BY&~ r(• .~ - 7hant rou verp •wch /or 11riU~g to Lou 

' . ~~~~ Nichola on Jlarch 14, 1951 1 and furn~p ~~t\J ~ letter of the oaaa date to __. )7--r_ _.regardhlg the Jiighlarader Tollr School. 

I maa pleased to note uou ouggeated that 

coratact one of •u associates or •• 

regarding s allegat,on. I aoat certatnlu 11ould 

like to know the basis of his compla,nt ao that anr 

aiauraderstarading might be clar,fied. 

In this same connection, I ~rote to 

Jlr. Boger II. Baldw'n on l'ebruaru :us, 1951 1 and 'n 

view of your i~terest I am enclosing a copu of mu 

letter. 

Si racerelu, 

<J. r:::_c.::- i:co·J<.r 

I CC: 

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~ . . . 

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,· . . . : .... . . . .., ·. :·. 

.·~· ~ . 

·. - ' . .. :. ~ _ __:.....,., . 

,\ 

,.~ 

llr. Peyton TonJ 

Deputy Attorney General 

Dtreotor. TBZ 

r:. . ··' -

, )fziJJiu.NDF:R. FOU SCHOOL· 

, J,VFOB'!ATION COJICERXIIIO 

' 

- ., . 

"'. Reference fa aade to the letter tiat•d Ilare'li. l4- 1951. 6 eh'tch the .Attor1a.v General received fro• Luoy Randolph Jlaao11" 

Southern Publ •a Relatione Bepreaent;a·Uue o,/ the Congreaa •J' . nduatri~l Orpant•atlon•• Atlanta, Oeorgla., relating to the 

aptioned ~atter. Ye·have sade a typewritten copy o,f this letter 

or our /Ilea and are returning the or'g'nal herew£th to you. 

I The encloaed letter b very eiaUar to previoue letter• 

• ·l. 

received by the Attorney General ,fro• Hylee Borton• Director o,/ 

the Hi~hlander Folk 3chool, and Albert E. Barn~tt qi th~ Ca~dlBr 

Sc'hool oJ Theology, Er11.orv l!nlueralty, Georgia., tahloh 111ere dhcuasecl 

In aoneld6rable detail 'n =11 aemorandu~ to you o/ February 26• 1951. 

The letter Jrom )fha .'laso11 '• alao ahdlar to the letter Jroa ~c":.;r·c""'"''"' A<ta.,. C'layt<m Po11Jel1 6 Jr., addreaaed to tile Attorney 

.;eneral, wh tch was d tscua:sed tra lltl/ ~~telllorandulll to you oJ llaroh .13 

1951. • 

.,..,. __ lA,., __ 

ClAog __ 

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----

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• • . • 

TRUE COPY 

Cot!GRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS 

Lucy Randolph ~ason 

Southern Public Relations 

Representative 

JJarch 1.4, 1951 

79f Poplar St. llo W. 

75 Ivy Street, N.E. ~tlanta 3, Georgia 

Hon. J. Howard J6cGrath 

Attorney General 

Washington, D. c. 

Dear :Mr. :U::Grath: 

40 Pryor Street, So w. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

. HEREIN %~LASSlFI,=D DATEd BY Sf ... c;9(J 

As a member of the Executive Council of the Highlandtll' 

Folk School, I was pleased to kuow from )lyle a, Horton, the 

director, that a number of people had written to you concerning 

the recent visit to the School of FBI agents. 

It is very disturbing that when the FBI visits the school 

the question of Negro attendance there seems to be a contributing factor iil confusing the School 111. th Communism. This iw very 

dangerous, as I am sure you will agree. 

In fact this whole manifestation of confUsion in the minds 

of reactionary people betTeeQ unions, Negroes and Communists 

comes up often enough to deserve thought and care - and some 

basic instruction to FBI investigators, especially those who are 

southern and have deep prejudices - against Negroes, and often 

against CIO union people. 

I have been on the Highlander Council for some twelve 

years and have knofln the School for a longer time. I rarelymiss a meeting. Also I have taught in the School almost every 

season and have spent 'days there. So I can testify- from personal 

knaflledge that the School is a sound, healt~ institution, 

doir.g a good job in hel~ing train union leaders (AFofL as well 

as CIO). 

If high character, devotion to the workers• cause, and 

belief that union members Will be better leaders and citizens 

for having had some "workers• education• spells Communism, it 

can only do so With very ignorant and prejudiced persons. 

Even though a sever case of nu prevented my writing nearer 

the time of the incident that caused the letters, I am writing now 

as I sm sure ;you will want to know what reactions followed the 

FBI visit to Highlander. 

' , _j 

/ Cordially- ;yours, 

/a/ Lucy Hason 

....... -~ ,,._. -·· 
.. 

. ; ' ' : -~ .... 

,. -

'' 

-~--

(' 

r· ': 

Jfr. Peyton Ford 

Deputu Attorneu General 

Dt rector, rBI 

(giGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

I!fFOT.!!.ATION COHCElilii60 

. 

. '•. 

Jle~rch 231 l951 

eeBIBEllfiAL 

', '_ •. --t • -~- '< ~- ~ 

' 

·-. 

. . :.....· 

Pursaant to 1/0UT revunt# the attaahed ·. · letter dated )lc~roh 20, 1951, cddrusftd to Congruaura Adam clayt~well, Jr., and prepared Jor 11our · stgnotl.lre, has been r•v~emed. _ · 

Th's IZifll adutse that we have no objecttona 

or chang•• to aake ,,. oonnectton mtth uour r•Plll to 

congresBnan ~owell ,,. fta presentJora. I am, ther~ore, 

re~Jrntng the letter together wtth liOUr other attachment•• 

COMM· F•l 

MAR 2 61951 

MAILlD jO 

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TRUE COPY __ ... .. . .. , . '·:.~~---'> ·tt 

'. ·,.. .. lt!arcn 2o, 19sl ·, ' 

Honorable Ada.'ll Clayton Powilll, Jr. 

House of Representatives 

WashingtOn, D. c. 

My dear 1:r. Congressman: 

·r 

'-.. , .. ,_- .. 

,. 

c 7his will refer to your transmittal: memorandUIII. of Feb'-

ruary 20, 1951, addressed to the Attorn91 General, forwarding 

a co!llJllUllication, with e!lclosures, from .l.!r. ~les Horton, Director of the lliehl~nder Folk School, Uonteagle, Tennessee. 

This.rnaterial is very similar to material that was pi-evious}J' forwarded to the Department by :r.:r. Horton, at r.hich 

. :--

', 

tiJ,,e the Director af the Federal Bur"au of Investit;ation advised that he had checked into the alleeation made by lEr. Horton, 

<>.nd he l;ished to assure the Departn:ent that the Bureau had never · 

investigated the Highlander Folk School, any representative of 

the sci1ool, or any other individual on the ground that the 

Highlander Fold School or the individual participated in interracial educational activities nor have the Bureau Agents inqUired relative to the interracial aspects of that school. 

It is noted that Hr. Horton, in his letter dated Feb'-

ruary, 1951, addressed to "Dear Friend", makes a new allegation in the following llords: 11\That strategy prooq:>ted the FBI 

Agents to ,watch the school by nigj:lt •• •" 

7h.Y'Federal Bureau of Investigation, through its Knoxville 

office, made a most careful check concerning this allegation that 

a physical surveillance or ''viatch" was conducted on the Highlander 

Foll: School at night by Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of 

:::nvestigation. The Special Agent in Charge of the Knoxville office has assured the Director that no surveillance or "watch" has 

been conducted either at or in the vicinity of the Highlander 

Folk School. 

Yours sincere4', 

Peyton Ford 

Deputy Attorne,r General Lt. 

' - '? -<,-;I - I~ 7 . I . _.., . 

TRUE COPY 

~· 
.: ,'>! 

'·: ..... :.:; 

._.·., 

: •'-

('!J¥~r~~fll ' 

.. 

. . . . 

The encloaed ~cteriol ~• ue~~ eiatlar ~o ~hat 

pr,vlaua1y !o~rded bV you to the Bureau and ~tch aca 

c 'Lcc;.•.ss cd in sane ceto.H in r.:v iiHi::toral'ldur: to• uou •I '·· _ :.::.J ciJru.~riJ :161 1951. · · · ... · '· .· ·· ' · 

. ' 

I -'+- It tc noted, hot:,euer., tlia't lf'ulce Horton, Director 1' :of the Jlluhlc.ndcr Folk Sc1,ool, in Me letter dated Febr~cry, :.·l::>::il, cdc:Zrcsscd 'to "Dear J'ricntJ" r.ade a netD allegation r.ot 

r. ~incorpora:ted fn his prwious corret;pondenc;e t' Hh the 

.Attor"lClf Genero.l, rw.,;;e1y1 "l:hat stratcglf prompted the FIJI 

/.gents to tt<atch the school b'!l ni:;ht •••• " · · 

I 
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.· . . , .. 

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-

TO • The Director t ~ 

now • D· Jl. IAdd r-aV '} y 

SUBJECT: 'HIGBLAKDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITr - C 

PURPOSE 

(' 

0 

• UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

P.LLINFORMATION Cm.JTAINED 

'~EREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~· 

JATE J{a/N BYOPr~ <:9'1 

To answer your inquiries raised by ay aeaoranduaa----- - oJ February 21, and to subait for your approval replies it 

Jlr. Roger Baldwin and Jlr. Peyton Ford of the Departaent. 

DETAILS 

Scope ot the Investigation ot the Highlander loll School 

In order to clarify just what investigation ihe 

Ino~utlle Office haa conducted concerntng the Htghlonder Tolt I 

School either directly or incidental to developing full 'nforaation on the activities oJ various individuals, I wish to 

advise you as follows: 

Under date oJ October 6, 1939, the Cnozville OJJice 

furnished the Bureau the first reported inJoraotion concerning 

the Eighlander Folk School. The first report reflecting · I ~~;s;;g~;!o;,~ajo~~~·;:;•~nf:~!~t~~!'o: t~~r:~,!~~u :;z;he school and the people connected with it. The letter and the 

·report reflected that the investigation was instituted onlJ 

after numerous allegations'were received regarding Coaauniat 

/

activity at the school. No active investigation has b~en . aode of the school since the closing report dated July 4, 

1943. The file Jails .to reflect an11 p.ertinent in/oriiOtha 

received since that date regarding any recognizable Coaaunisi 

Party activity on··1ihe part of the schoel itselJ; l&o11e11er., ,... .. / 

allegations of Coaaunist Part11 •11•pathy or activity have ·;nr been received concerning persons who were or had been 

connected with the school. These investigations 11ere direct•• 

solely toward the hdividuals and not the Highlander lollt ' \, 

School. Some ezamples of these inves 1 ~ 

a .. !LJ. 

Atoaic Energy Act - Appl i 

FilHaa J'alter Remington, Per jur I 

....... \ ;) 1 \ --~ ---·-

.Attachaents 

('--r_ --:knib 

)1,• 

"hi 1 G 1~. 

"" ....... -.,.~ ·- --·· "'' '-.· , ___ . .,._ .. -.-·--··-···· .... , ... ' ·:--
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. ,. . 

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II 

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ii 

(-

ot Government Eaployeee; 

Security Matter - c. 

No 

or Agen~ 

indicated 

lkBchool. 

'" 

~ 

~ne JDUF-pogc 

ched to ay aeaorandua o/ Februaru 81• 

l95l 1 the Highlander Folk School is not a school in the 

normal sense but aerelu has short seeeion labor anq soptal tud~ clasaes usualLu o~antwo ~ete 1 duration~ J ~) ~ w-..L~ ~ ~~ tJ......;..., bVL .;.._ -~~ ...._ 

""'~.(lth'O~~ov't no irlveatigathn has ben 

made the Highlander Folk School since 4 

t to op 

Due to the volume ot applicant cases in the Cnozville Office 1 particularly Ato111ic Energy Act - Applicant 

casee, people liv:rng at Jionteagle 1 Tennessee 1 have been cor.~acted; however, the Agents working in that grea Grt 

aware oJ the general nature oJ the Highlander Folk School 

)land the Agents have aduised that no inquiries have been aade 

concerning the interracial character ot the school. SiC 

Robey has advised that he has personally contacted all oJ 

the Agents in the Knoruille Office who had worked in Monteagle and vicinity in the past year and all have categoricallu I 

l}

deni8d that they have discussed the interracial character ·ot 

the school with anyone and that they have ererted utmost 

J\~~~t!~~o!~ ~=u~::n=n~~~:,{~~=t~~i~~n~h=h~Bi~preeeton that 

----· ---~------------~~------
j 

,. 

··'1 

I 

( -- -·-·-·----.... c·--·---------

( 

Answer to Tour In9~iries Raised in My Meaorandva 

of Februaru 21, 1951. Which is Attached. 

1. Why was Horton carried on the Cnozuille Cey 

Figure List and ~hy W3B the case closed out? 

• 

In June 1 19401 Myles Horton, Director O/ ihe 

Highlander Folk School 1 ~s reported as taking an active 

part in or attending aeetings held by the various Co~uniat 

Party units in Chattanooga, Tennessee 1 and vicinity and 

that he Jormulated the policies and directed the activities 

oJ all the local units 1 as well as the 

ished 

On the 

card was ~ecommended and 

approved on Uyles Horton. He was later listed as a Cey 

Figure by the Knoxville OJJice. Investigation conducted 

O/ Horton between 1942 and 1944 Jailed to substantiate the 

original allegation that Horton ~as engaged in Coaauniat 

activity; thereJore 1 by closing report dated January 251 

19441 the Kno:::vi.lle Office rei11oved Horton from the Cnozville 

•• :~y Fi[;Ure List and the Security Inde:r Card on Horton 111<18 

cancelled by letter dated January 71 1946. 

2. Tou instructed that the Knoxville 0/Jice be 

advised to make no further contact with the Highlander Folk 

School on any aatter. 

Pursuant to your instructions the Bureau on 

February 221 1951 1 telephonically instructed SAC Robey •I 

the Knoxville OfJice to aake no Jurther contacts at ihe 

Highlander Folk School on any aatter. 

3. Tou inquired1 "Why did ~~ utilize such cuabersome procedure to get to the bottom o/ charges aade by Horton 

in December, 1950?" 

. ·--··-·--" -· _ .. , ...... ,, ...... , -- ., ._,-.. --.. -~ .. --- ··-··- ~·-·· ... ,..,~--··· 

I 

I 

f 

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0 

00 "to him 'faa.~tfin.-1;-711 ,_,.,{ nlll+-n"-"" •"'•"'" ,..,.,... ~-- .,,. ___ .,. .,- __ ----- -------•-• -··- --•-••• v,yvv•J •v• Jl v• ,..,. ~~ 

coapel hia ~o ei~her prove or re~rac~ his etoteaent. 

4. In connection ~ith using 

as a source of inforaot,on1 uou advised 

being contacted for i~oraation on the act ~Highlander Fol~ School. Tou as~ed ~hu. 

Pursuant to uour suggestions 1 there is attached 

hereto for uour approval a proposed reply ~o Roger Baldwin 

of the .American C-{vH Liberties Union -in-which it is pointed ou~ to him that the interracial character of the Highlander Folk School has never been considered as the basis for anu 

investigation conducted bu this Bureau. 

-4-

1 

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~-------lfi]T'~-
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(' 

J(emorandum ,(roa Peyton Ford dated Februaru 19, 

1951, Dealing IDith Corrupondence /roa .Jlylea Horton, 

Director of the Highlander Folt School 

There ta attached hereto a aeaorandua Jrom Peyton 

Ford dated February 191 19511 IDith photostatic copies oJ 

Horton's letter and attachaents to Peyton Ford1 together 

with Mr. Ford's draJt oJ a reply to Horton. This corrsapondence regards the aame uaJounded allegation that Agents 

oJ the Knoxville OJJice have construed the interracial 

nature oJ the Highlander Folt School as being Comauntatio. 

It Ia noi belleued that ihe Bureau can agree ~lth Peyton 

Ford's draJt reply to .Jlr. Horton, Our Knoxville OJJice 

obuiously should not conduct interviews in the Highlander 

Folt School with stenographic or other persons recording 

the interuiew. The attached reply for your approual to 

Peyton Ford points out the reason why this procedure should 

not be followed. There is also attached for Peyton Ford's 

information a copy of the sumaary aeaorandua pr1pared concerning the Highlander Folt School. 

Ue~orandu! (rom Peyton Ford dated February 19, 

Concerning Correspondence from Dr. Albert E. 

Barnett of the Candler School of Theology 

Emery University, Georgia 

There is attached hereto a aemorandum from Peyton 

Ford dated February 191 1951, which sets forth the contents 

of a letter directed to the Attorney General Jrom Albert E. 

Barnett which also regards the unfounded allegation that 

Agents of the Knoxville OfJice were investigating the 

Highlander Tollr School because they suraised "that the 

free admission ojNegroes as students at Highlander constituted euidence oJ ComlWnist potnt oJ vierD, 11 Obviouslu, 

Vyles Horton has persuaded Dr. Barnett to wrtte Attornsp 

General .JlcGrath in order to atrengthen Horton'• ooaplaint 

against the FBI. For your information, Dr. Barnett ia 

mentioned in the Bureau Jiles. These reJerences reJlect 

that Barnett has been connected in one way or another with :~e Jollowing organtzations IDhich have been aubject to 

considerable Communist inJiltration. 
• 

I 

Southern Conference for Human Welfare - At a 

dinner held on May 6, 1947, for the benefit of the Bouthera 

Conference jar Human Welfare at Chicago, Illinois, Dr. 

Albert E. Barnett was listed as a sponsor and speaker. 

(100-10355-337) 

The files also reflect that Dr. Barnett .was one 

of the members- of the Ad Hoc Committee which IDelcoaed the 

Reverend Hewlett Johnson's arrival at La Guardia Airport in 

November, 1948. Unusual.publicity resulted from ~he fact 

thc:t the so-called 11Red Dean's" first application for a visa 

was turned down due to the jnct that he !Das sponsored by · the National Council of American Soviet Friendship. (This ~rr~~tzation has been declared to be within the purview of 

Executive Order 9835.) (100-146964-1~77) · 

The 11Daily Worker" of llay 20, 1949, reflects that 

275 proainent individuals had signed an open letter urging 

that Congress reject the Atlantic Pact and called upon 

President Truman to settle issues now outstanding through 

Qirec" negotiations with the Soviet Union. Dr. Barnett 

was one of the signers. {100-3-81-A) 

Committee jar PeacefUl Alternative to the 

Atlantic Pact - On Auaust 21. 1949. Dr. Barnett was listed 

as an individual from-Illinois who-had signed an open 

letter to Senators and Congressmen urQing defeat of President 

TruBcn 1 s arms program. (100-364437-7) 

Mid-Century Conference for Peace - In Chicago, 

Jlay 29-30, 1950, Dr. Barnett was carried as a sponsor of 

this organization J~Om the Chicago area. (100-364437-36 p.22) 

Methodist Federation .for Social Action - He was a 

delegate to a meeting o~ the organization held in Ohio, 

July 18 to 21, 1950. (61-3615-41) 

No investigation has ever peen conducted concerning 

Dr. Earnett; however, as indicated above, there is evidence ~- .. ~-'~ :~ing that he has been connected with organizations 

which have been subject to Communist infiltration. In the 

attached memorandum to Peyton i~rd, he is advised that Dr. 

Ean;ett has been misin:ormed bu Jlules Horton with resoect 

to nature of our interest in the Highlander Folk School. 

" 6 -

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• • • 

\ 

'( 

(> 

~­

ACTION ~ ~ )I. 

There is attached hereto propos1d l1tt1rs to 

Roger Baldwin and to Peyton Ford Jor your approval. 

ADDE::rDUJJ - 2-23-51 

• • 

The Director Jurther inquired as to ~hy aor• 

complete details ~er1 not Jurnish•d in thl Jirst instance 

concerning th• extent o/ our investigation at th1 Highlander 

Follr School. 

Inasmuch as th1 issue raised by Horton and Baldwin 

was to the eJJect that Special Agents oJ the Federal Bur•au 

com~unism, the background in/ormation Jurnished in our 

original aemorandum was designed to cover that issue. 

re now realize that we did not giv1 the Director 

sufficient background to enable him to properly evaluate 

this Bituation. 

Fe will aa/re every eJJort to avoid this in the 

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.: -~ - ._;.· .... _. .. _.. . ( ' -_.- --'~- ; .. __ _. ~ ·-;·;_:, /.>·:· _;' :::-;;; ··<.· ...•.... ~-:. ;_;···~.:·_.~-· _.·_-:.~--~_: __ ·._~-.: .. ·. ·.• ... : ... ~.~-.:.-_~ •.. ~.-.-·:.·._; _.·-= .. ·.. _--~.· .. ,·-.~.·:···.-::.-~ _~_:·:_.·_·.··.·. ~·-·.· .• · _.·:, ... !_'. _·.·.· .•. ·.·_ : ·.·:·.·. · .. ·.:·.· · ..,·. . . . -~~:\·~--~:_,; _ _.::.~~;:;G~iL~ .. ;.;,~)~J~ ~-..:-- - _ _. ~ _ _ _ 

! ,.,,..:.:...., POOM ..,_.. ( . 

• 

Office- Memorandum • UNITED STATES 

TO : Director, FBI 

FROM ~~AC, Knoxville 

SUBJBCT:CihGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

-IN'l'ERNAL SECURITY - C 

( Buf ile 61-7511) 

{ 

On 

Dept., and 

u. s. Treasury ., voluntarily furnished an agent following info~~tion: 

Tde. ltooS ---- ···· 

Mr. Nea••············ 

Treasu y;•f.l..caad~:::.···-: " 

Internal Reven ----V-~--- -- · Chattanooga, Tenn., 

of this division the 

. ' I 

lA 

'' 1'/ I f. . 

. . 

' 

G I - .) S II- It. 7 

--

MAY 7 195~ 

' ~ ' 
. . ,· 

,, ·~ ~ 

· . • :.·< 

. 

• 

. ( ,_. --_.: ;_c<:J(,_~~·:;_::.._~'>e -·~iiC\~I-·5~;:':{L:;:::.~·- __________ . , 

ci~ ~' . . ... 

!{}\ 61-12 

Both men were thanked for the above information 

and informed they would not be interfering with any 

investigations being conducted by the FBI. No other .. _corr~ents were made concerning the Highlander Folk 

School. 

The above information is being furnished to the 

Bureau for information purposes, and no further action 

is being taken by this division. 

It should be noted that if a 

tion is conducted_ the Interns ev 

regard! ng t:t:e Highlan er o _ Scp<?9!1 , tb..':. ~sults of 

such Inv~"t1~1t!rorr-~~:E:£~!9.h: .. -&!t~~t~m~):Y:~l'E ·"Iightenrn~. espeCTilT,l;l ~e;c~!,!l£....§,SWl,'.~?_o_f inco,m~ 

Thr"thiSscnoOl"";"""'"1towever, Tn view of previous Instruc-

'tio'ns ·rece!vec'from the Bureau, no effort will be made 

to obtain such information unless instructed to do so 

by the Bureau. 

VJ.(~~~ 

~~- 0~· 

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._;· ..... ( ... •. ,_ -·. . :;:·:;:~,;:;: ;::~:~2._/ .. ~~~,::0fli?;:::lli2:~ ~ ,, ,; ; . . ..

....... ·t 

(: •.· 

\. ~ 

• ' I 

SAC, lnonllle 1•7 lS. 19SL 

Director, FBI -.~~- ~--~.;,~ ·:~\ .. 

HICHLABDER FOU SQlOOL --:· -

IHTERNAL SECURITY - C .. .... Bu!Ue 6l~7Sll - / f, 7._; ,;/ '· _. ·' 

. ~~- .. : ::~;-·: 

Reurlet dated 11a7 4, l9SL. which re!lecta that. t.he Internal 

Revenue Bureau u.y conduct. a collpleta inYeat.igaUon ot t.he Highlander ·· Folk School. ·· 

The lnonllle Office aboul.d diacreetl;J arrange, U poallible, 

to obtain a cow ot t.he inn&tigatiYe report. concerning t.hill acbool trca 

the Internal ReYenue &lr'e&ll. · 

The Bureau ahould be prompU;:r adYised of ell deYelopunta. 

-

nlm r,-.-rl 

J1' . 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINEDHEREI~;z,~rlASSIFIID~ DATE 'iN BY ,\PP:I . · . . dJ_i/ 

•-' r -.' \·•0 ~-~;~--~== .• 

•- Cl~;>;:< 

. ,. -~ Ul~vlr. __ 

.:<~C'.lll_ 

N"LiD 0 . 

""· "~- MAY 1 7 l95J. "•"'"~_.---·-- ·- CC>AtM. ~ ,At,-~,_ "' P'"C'I 

--TI.MAY 291~ol 
- ·;_." 

r:-ony;bw 

I , 

{~I 

\ ______.. \ 

April 20, 1951 .--~ .··_ ~ ~ -... ~------~ 

.... -. 

Mr. Tolson -~ ·-. 

L. B. Nichols .·:;· · !-' ·-~_.... :-.• . 

!..j, . >1.. • ·~- -~c 

MYLES HORTON ·· . · . · ' ' · . < -~ . :·:· 

,;·_;:-

t.:\ U TI"'UT Al.LT'\'C'O 'C'AT tl' C:..f"Ul\n'f ' .,._ · " .. , --~ 

~~-:~-::'":;::e::~·t:v:::M attache·~· ~e~~~r~~;:~ He~bert ' ~/. Nonte Levy, Staff Counsel of' the Amerlc~~:D Civil Liberties.· 

Union, there are two issues involved •. ·.;• , .·.;·~.- , , '·" 1 . , • . . • -,. • • ·- , ••. ,,·-~- ... :'.-~ ... - .... -. ·.: ~__, ~--~:-. ,· '!_'_ 

The f'irst .issue - Does the FBI. co~ider .interracial · " . 

education.as somewhat subversive and Jioes it ask questions ~n 

this basis_of ndghbo.rs •. ". '[. ··}t·. · i..,'.' · \.· :• •. ;,.; /,'. ·· .·~~ 

Investigat'ion which was made in Febr{,a;y proves this }-

view without foundation. To re-check the matter, .I called·;· 

SAC Robey at Knoxv;ille and asked him if we had .contacted· .... :. . .. nelgr1toors, he stated every Agent working in that area had .·.·,-:·c- .. ' ;.: 

c:een ~uestioned at least twice and we had not contacted neighbors, 

Collateral to this issue is the attempt of the American 

(.jvi.l Liberties Union to force the FBI to issue instructions. · ;.,-... ·· · concerning comments on interracial education. There is no need . _-," such instructions since they are part _and parcel of the.; 

.: .. :··e.::.u' s oPerating procedures and policies.· To issue such • 

iLscrudtions would in.effect admit that such a condition 

->:csted, To date there is no proven case to. substantiate this. 

The second issue has to do with contacting the Highlander 

Foll{ School. 

Tne minutes or the Highlander Executive Council for 

J cflUOiL j 22 and 23, 1951, which were forwarded to the Attorney 

l}z·ls::--al reflect that "because of' previous misunderstandings 

!r ',-,terview with FBI agents, the Highlander Director (Myles . . '"··~'0n) shall speak for the staff'. and shall ask."that all:·<·,.,< ..• · -"--Hnns posed by any FBI agents be put in writing,·and shall'_':' 

rt'G.ke his replies in writing'- provided legal counsel advises·::. , 

th1 s action, 11 This eond:d:tion is, of' courss, impossible, and · · · c·r, February 22, 1951, instructions were issued to the Knoxville Jlc....--

c•r:·ice to make no further contact with the Highlander Folk ~- , . ..-. 

.School on any rna tter. 

A letter to Levy is attached, 

Attachment 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~ Ufi;LASSIFIED . , "-

DATE :719 _BY of?'fr{)JT-:. }04.} 

!": I - . ~tJS~"i£ 

I ~ Jl ~~\~ f t·· ~OT RECOR,;,)C:D ' . 

4$ MAY ..v-1951 \ 

I 
-·- ,, / .... . '. JOARD (JF DIRECTORS 

... : ~:;:_ .; -. 

·.--. 

,_ -·--

' ci \.::-;_ -~ 

1:_,_- 'c~ '~":"' :. ' .-_'! - -~ 

·*. 

Er~lft .... nqell "'!~s Ketr!;"J,, M<Corrddc .. rne1 

Jonllfhan I. 8inqltam 

Mr1. DMQthy Dunbar lromley 

Carl C.rmer Richerd $, Chllds 

Norman Coutin.s 

Edward J. Ennl" 

Morris L. Erldt 

John F. Finerl¥ 

H. Wltna~ Fltelson 

Jarnu Lawrence Fly 

Osmond K. Fr .. hhl 

Welter Fru• Va1in fry Prof. Welter &ellhorn 

Arthur Garfield Hen 

A1191.11t Heckschtr 

leY, John Haynes Hoi1M1 

8, W. Huebsch 

R~v. Joltn '""'r Jones 

Corothy Kenyon 

Codlu U:munt 

frt.i. Eduatd C. llndemen 

hnjamin F. Mecl.urin 

Merle Mil!er 

Herbert R. Northrup 

Mtrly., S. Pi:~.ei• 

ElrTUif Ric:• · Whitn,ey North Sevm~,ur 

Nnrm.=n Thom=: William L. Whih 

C. Dlc.~ttrJT.en Wiliiams 

l.tymond L Win 

....... -~~·u4f.. .c.;,MMii fEE 

lhurmen Arnold 

lhhop James Chemb•rlaln .. k•r 

ko9\)t-N. laldwln 

Frucis l'rddJe Prof. tdwln. M. B.~n:hard 

Van Wrd: lroob 

'Hrl S. luck Ct. Ht.nry S.idtl Cot!!br 

[!. A!:u Kni9ht Cftatm•tt WJII:am Henr• Chamberlin (!;.•for viii,. Cl.ar• 

hot. l-l e/lfY Stee1• CommaQ•' 

Morr:s L Cooke !';:Qf, .::.-.Qrq,s s. Cm~nh 

~.' 1·~~f'~:; ':-~·:!.rrv 

~;rr.l!~ oa~is 

.:c:-:~ Do~ Panos ))~,_,,., [I.,LJQI'l• 

··~--dEocr 

,;;c,m<os H. Eliot 

~~"'"tr T. 1'-:~he-r 

~~··· Hury E:~m'rsr;on Fo~did 

'::v1 ,,-_ f:if'o:•:~•l\ 

l)l!~:· Christian G<tun 

i r·: ~ ·~ l·u'n W Gilkey 

'•r>. ~,u,k P. 6-•o~hf,m 

i:;,Fi G. i-io!Jrris.:>n 

~~~-''''''C. Hi!•rilon r ·~ r1ow• ~·, .. ;.,t-~d M. H~!chin£ 

!Jr. cr .• HIU S. JOI'll'ltUn 

: •. r; . _:,.,:_,;,VI. Joh.-.~ofl 

s.,:.~,o Kido to~.1i1Mio H. Ki1er 

C':;. J,.~,. A. Li~p 

,.,c~. H.;;ro:c: 0. Luswell 

Mn. A~ncs Brown La•ch 

'·'"' Ltrner d ~.1:::·1-1 Lo~ .. ~~ 

ird. R:>b~rt S. Ly11d 

'*:::-'. A·tl,ll.el~ ~aelthh 

'·' P. M«rqu.nd . • ~.=~ '~irl 

~,, .. ,:,r,o 1-r«rtc;c J. McConn•/1 ~ . '1-~).;t; .. :." 

.... rep b. l:!tomi•'Y' o'xn.,; 

R.t. R•~· Ed••rd L. P•uon1 JMr,f!' ~- h.tton ;.._ f.',:;Jp R&lldo!Ph 

v. " :?:.']jj~J. Jr. 

t..mc. -.o~o~er 

J{)hll "lel'tn S.ayre 

J;::. !"ev Vv'iHi•m S.C.rl•tt Artn:.u M. Sc;hle~lnQ•r, Jr. 

JNtPi-1 Schloubcro 

G-Q~It Shep•rd 

11.-::b~!l E Sh: .... ood It~ bid .._bb.t Hill•l Sil••r J~liin~ (; Smith 

·O:•~I;~Q 

•'"""'<:! .• • ~- ;.;:,w Lllr 

;...,.__ ~·.- W:Hi•m' 

\.. Ho1l>.c;l ... orth Vw'oe~d 

C• '-'· ·~···~ L;..,::!Hy Yt~<!r•·.: 

•Ui'li.IATED COMMITTEES 

-. -(--,~ ·.. ' .. _. 

I 

CAN C1v: ES UNION 

170 Fll'TB AVENUE, NitW You: J.U, N.Y. 

Ernest Allgelt 

Cllolr,..,, IMNI ttl DirKton 

•ov..-N. ,...._ Cholrmo11, Ht1tJoMII Co•mJtfH 

Potrick Mllf'phy Malin 

becvtJv• DirKtor 

..................... 

Ahittc:rnf Direcfof 

Arthvr liP•rfi•ld H•n &.-c......, 

Mo"I1LEI'IIft 

G•tHIIfll C--.1 

CliHord Fo,.m 

f;t•rbcrt Mgntt Lpyy G.orga $o11 

JtoH c_,..., 

April 18, 1951 

---~· Mr. J. ~ X~over ' - Director ,,._:::_ ___ , 

Federal Bureau of Investi~tion 

U.S. Department of Juet1ce ALL INFQRM~TION C0~ TA NE Washington 25, D. c. 1 

' 

1 

U~D~IN I~ Wll'l 1\C'c:'tr:::tcn iiLf\Lfll~~\IL.'h-;vlf IC.U 

Dear Mr. B'oovers DATEd a_sy o .. --:r. ---· 

~1./ . I have recentl7 reexamined the embanee of corresponll.ene · etween ot 

Mr. :Baldwin and you of last l'ebrtUU7 concerning the Xighlander Folk 

School. Your letter was most certainl7 responsive to Mr. :Baldwin's 

inquiey. 

\However, a ca.re:f'Ul reexamine. t1on ?f the :or;~spondence_ leads us to 

!

believe that Mr. l3ald~rin, who vrove you 1n m.a personal. capaci \7 

rather than as an officer of ~s or~zation, did not ~te hit U 

point which was troubling the J!i~ender _!~lk Scho~~-~~:_~t~es. 

The real concern of the School and of !!ever"-1 mem'bers of our l!oa..""d 

who have been contacted b7 the school authorities is that some questions addressed b7 F.:S.I. investi~tors to neighbors of the School 

; led the neighbors to believe the questions were indicative of an 

1 attit~d? ®_the ~t o'!_ these ae;ents that inter-racial educo.tion is 

\ sonelma-.; suovers1ve. We are co~ident that this does not reneet an 

1

:r.:e.I. attitude. Nor do we know whether the interpretation of the 

neighbors as to the purport-of. the ~estions was reasonable or unreasonable. We wonder hovever1 whether, to avoid f'uture repetitions 

ll' :!~~~o~ci~~!!; !!e:~;n!o n~~ ~=~;ie a!; i!;~~C:i~~I>~~a!~ei~- part that inter-racial education ia necessarily subversive • 

' ', ' II Jl 

We note also \D.'·ipur letter· 'o'r Febl'll!lrY 26 that you have hsued aPPr( 

priate instructions to discontinue ~ direct contacts to represents. 

tives ~f the School. :But 11€aln, although 7011 were not informed of it 

/

Mr. Horton had not been OPPosed· to contacts beiJl€ made at the School. 

Indeed, it would u;m. ~ost ~~~e _to ~~contill'\le ~r~ct c~n~ct!_ ~ ~ 1 the iehool :represen.auves, oo= zrom Ule point o:r V'1ew o:r t.he F.ll.I. 

the students, and Jb·. !rorton. Doubtless the !'.:B.I. would be ellle to 

~_;et much better and fUller information from the of'fic_ials of the 

School than from the neighb~rs who alone are l}~V>being contacted. 

1 I l.w rr· "'? ' 

[ ~ a 1~ ·;!. ~~ORDED - 2!l :, b f- 7 -" f f- f-.m:Urm-n~nffi 0 ; _t- .- .. ,. "---.<.- ··~·· ,_-~, 
;- ·' ·~·::'~ 

'• 

;c;)i.., 

l 

; 

' 

/ - .( ' 

' 

. -. _ .. 

("> 

• - -"' ........ (' . -..• 

Mr. J, Ed&ar Jlo~~ > 

~ ; il I might add that I have cOI!IIlWlicated rq views to Mr. Rorton, and that he llllares \ 

') the111 ful.l;r •. As he states 1n a letter to us dated April 14, II have no obJection 

' to direct dealings with the F.:B.Io on matters o:r interna.l. eecurit7 or in rege.rd 

1/ to iegi tiJDate inquiries. lfo purpose would be sened ... b7 rq failure to cooper- I 

/i ate in such matters. 1 lie also e.&rees that the reel concern is the issuance of 

V appropriate directives to yonr agents concerning cammenta on inter-recial edncation. · 

We should appreciate ;rour comments. 

Respectfully ;rours, 

'4-tvA Nj. X:, 

:S:erbert Monte Lev 

• Stat! Counsel 

. , .. ,_ .. ,~ ' --· 
• 

:~·-;:. . ' ·._ ,':.~ ~-

.; ' ·. · . .._ ..... 

;:;.,_ ' -;" : ' 

;y].zr~&J OR' .• , . 2~ i\£.C lr-" 

: _,;- ;, . 

. ·,. 

. .. -~-·-·r 

. r . ": : _ .. , ..... -~- .. 

.. :."'. . . ~ . 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~ U~CLASSIAED~ DATE . ',J.q ~ BY M?/?f!:~ . I C:?'f--jl_$::f.;t. 
. - . -~ 

:-· ;:-· . -

;;~~-;j'. 

-:<->- ~_.:-. -.: ~~~-, 

;_-_ ..... _·- ..:..-: . ~ 

~,..;: . 

. -: ...... -- . -~~~ 

. ("' ' . . : ~ 

('\ 

\d 

llr. 6erbn•t Jlonte Z.ttvr 

StD.// Counul 

Aaerican Ch.U Lfber·U•• rTaha 

170 Tlfth Auenu 

••• rorl 101 ••• rorl ... 

::;-:. 

fa Januoru. 1951• set up 'apo8aible condftlono /or t._ conduct o/ interviews to ~fcl thlo Bureau eoa1d aot 

accede• qnd accordlnglJI 11e head no •ther ch•lee llui 'to . refrain Jroa contacting those connected 11Jth the ocAool 

h matters h chiela thll algAt he blp/Kl• . 

'I c.T!preciote rour c~ Hrtg iUo aatter it •r 

::ttentlon. 

With best 11folea aad lind regorde. 

• 

Sfncerelll vouro• 

1-. Jqa:- .lieol'., 

:"" )\ ~: ;_u ~~~ .t:; 

~i)r~~Y. 

~(CEI"~u 

• 

.f. _··. 

': .· 
4-750 <2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted ~nder exemption(s) _,,J-"'-'"'~L~--.·~~h~.__?L'C."""'~-·-J-~.t~.--'.Z,.Pfii!'""C~- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L.J llocument(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

.. xxxxxx 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

----------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

!w arlvised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

1-"age\sl withheld for the following reason(s): 

.For your infonnation: 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE(S) ~ 

){NO DUPLICATION FEE X 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

,.111/00J 
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·--~ 

~~i$ 

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?-~~--:~~· __ :: -~~:7: 

.---- '- _._ ___ ~ ~ '•. ·_,, . -:--- . .• 

• li • • 

. ' . .. . . ' 

.:- ... 11411 u, i9Sl 

i ' 

:. ~- -·:. . . : '· 

·o.'·~. . .. •· ... • •• c "" ... - ~ •• _;. 

·._-.; .. . -···-· ... .. ; . 

·' .. : ~- ' . . 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED. 

HEREH-l I U'lCLASSiFIED ;Iif# DATEs ~BY &w- .J ~ .· • _-.. -'t. - ~ 

' .. 

-...... __ _ 

. ~ ,, 1,.. . . . : . .. ·•. ..,~ 

. .::· ·.: 

-· .. : -~-- .·· . .;: . ."•" . 7 •.. . : • :. 

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. --; 

.- . '(' '. : 

j;)\J.-.111 .:t•• l,,.,;H· ~ I• 

_ 1 e j 

:~ ,)!;.,.,b~t j;rcft4 w 't 

n· 7, \l"lZIIel111iZ,~1t 

• 1:.81 

t!HW,tfl·WVIr IIGCIW 

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. -~~- .; 

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.. 

·.' . 

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_, .. : :~- .-:· 

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;··· 

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., ··; ... 2 

-l 

\ 

-·-

.. ·-

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-t '~ 

' 

.·.c· ~ ..•.... 

' \ (_ .. l 

• l_ --.1 

May 12, 19Jl . 

. • 

Reference le made to the memorandum dated 

lo'.ay ) , 1951, which the Attorney General rece!ved troa 

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., attaching a letter · dated May 1, 1951 and a Mew York ~ompae~ ne·w,.,n,.~••,. 

article.datad 

pondence 

herewith 

or thh correator our tiles and are returning the originals to you. . . . .-. -~ . -" . 

The encloHed material makes the false allega- tion thRt the FBI is harassing the Hi~hlander Folk 

School bec<Juee of its lnterraeJal .,,.,.,..,t .. .-. '1"~1 .. - · 

allegation was originally made to the Attorney General · by 1-!yles Horton, director ot this school and, slnce theni 

several individuals have written to the Attorney Genera 

in a elmllar vein. This previous corresoondence has 

been discussed in our memoranda to you dated February.26, 1951, March 13, 1951, and r-larch 28, 1951. 

No further action is contemplated by this · Bureau regarding the enclosed material. 

/ 

' j 111--: 

tl2MAY3119S1 

··. _ ... 
·- .. · 

:~ .. _;. 

·"": . ~-. 

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_..-. 

·' .. "" .. ·. __ -: . . - . 

. . .. · '1:-' ~onon.bl~ a~llr,)' ce.l>Ot. L~ •• Jrr 

United S1.•tu Sellli.t.e . 

luh1n&ton1 D. C. 

'· l!1 dear Ser.aton 

thh 11 in rea:;>e~nn t.o 7our note 

er.clo•uro tT;OII 

tor oonsll5ert> 

., .... - .• 

. ' 

• ... . 

.. ~' 

,[,-.---""" 

' . 

· Th~ er.clo~e of......,_etter '1~ en ortiel~ from the •DAU¥ COlllp~-.aa• o~Sl, which .uro:u~ .:; •· 

tr.r. t '-'t;' r. ti or tt.£ .-.a.~rlll breru rJ! Ir.nStif"tiOn of thil! D~,::.ru•.-:•t hE.Vfl b .. n:.f~cj t<.e 'l1thlt:nder Tclk fehool of 

!.!cr.tt)l;;ele, i'ennet•see. 

. . l!q I rt:t.ElfUre 7011 tor the bt'l:, .. !it of 

thE-t Euch e 1-'\lfff:<:tion b Ab:c'c.lut~t,. fnls£ r.l'1d. et17 

.foundcUon whr.tevcr. J.e. you kno11'1 U.e Ji!:I ill ~trictly a!l 

1r,vert1c~t1ve or,;•n1r.e.t1on, il'l fact Hl ..ell I!S fOlicy, 1n1<! in- · 

duljil'll in no b£.r&&t;!l!~nt. .., .• 

In £.ccordLnOe c-ith )'OUr re,,uellt, I aJ:I returr:ln~ 

-lt,tter or.d enclo1n1re. _ ., 

~--. 

• 

' . l'•·yton ford •. . .. . •.-

De;,'\lt.y J, t.t.orr.q Cene~ . . --· . ' ..... · '', -·'' ... · 11 

.. 1~72//~ I 

MAY 21 195' 

37~ 

•' -- ' •• ~ ' --~ .0'•·, •- ,••, •• -· -~;·-T· -• '' • ~ • ''>' ··~~''•'",'' T.' 
.. : 

.. ·._- .. 

·: 

' 

·., .... 

• itoARO OF OIRfCTOIS 

_, 

Ernest .A.n~el! 

Mr1. Katrin. McCorl'rl1ck larnes 

J"'.,"t~an C'. s;n1jlh<llrr. 

M11 Dc•vll'lt D~n::..<u S1orr.l•~ 

Car! Carmer 

Richard S. CMlcis 

Norm11n Cousins Edward J, En11i1 Morris L Ernd John F. Finerty H. William FiteliOn 

Jame1. lawrence Flv 

Osmond K. ~runkel 

Walter Frank 

Varian Fry 

Prof. W.tlter Gellltorn 

A• rnur Garfield H"Y' oluQc!.t Hecbche• 

Rev. John Haynes Holm" 

B. W. Ho~ebs~h 

R$v. John Pllul Jonu 

Dorothy Kenyon 

Corlin la'Tl<.~r.f 

Prof. Eduard C. Lindeman 

fle111amin F. Maclauri., 

Mcrie Miller 

Herbert Jt. Northrup 

MH'yn S. Pihele E1mer Rkw 

\'o'i1i ,·nvy Nurth ::;lltmol/r 

Norman Thom.u William l. Whiie 

C. [•lckerm"n William1 

il.ll~rr..-nd L. w.1e 

NATIONAL COMMITTEE 

Bionop .iamu Cll~t~mberlein aa•er 

Roo;~r N. Baldwin 

h~tfJds Biddie 

Prof. liCwin M. llorcherd 

Van Wydl Brooks 

Pe,HI S. Butk 

Or. Henry Seidel Cenby 

Or. Allan KniQht Cha!meu 

Wil!io!ln, H~~·'l' Chci'nberlln li•endl<o C!~·h 

f'rot. H".1r1- :teo?le Commeger Vc-r•f•! c,.·,h ;,ot • .._..,e~·•<;e ~- (.ounh 

Prof. ftcbcrT E::. Cushm.~tn 

t:!CI.~f C··"''J 

'""'""r" ,J.-~u·~ ,,. S>e,-y, c~-.: ~dd~· 

Thc:-r<'- H l:!·d 

R~v. H~ '' !_,-,..,.,,,, fo~did; 

'•<:'>d 1'\ 1.,.,-.ro •:c 

~·-~- · c, .-:~ G"~" 

-~r. ~r:.,;~: C:·c-·) 

!><'1:. frDI·~ r. Graham 

: ~or ,-; ·l ;:.,: • · ~ •lCfl 

<; .·i~c·r He ..... 

<Jr. k-n-~· "'· t.~!dur•• 

'"" ' ...... . !.>: • . ;Q .. n A. lupp 

r•,;.r. Ha c-,cJ O.la..'"'"il ~- '\ /,,. ... ,, S:"~nl<l'<l~<~ 

tJ.~r l.eoner 

•rc;. h:..:..P•; Mo•~1 Lovtft 

··~· r .. : s ;, , .. d 

.:;;- 1 '~-,,,. -'- 1/cC~nr,..,ll 

'-" '.\ ' • ~ A :_, ' ,, 

~,;fY, ·~ \;;., I o.IIO~ 

• A. I hdir.- RcJ,,c-.olph 

~·; Willl\oq1rt, Jr. 

· E.im~ R~;:P.r 

:~.-.r, ~~~~~,;~ ~lr·• 

-<;t. Ke•. w,.,, .. m .)ce•l•tl 

t.•. !::I'!!IHiflQ8', Jr. 

·- ,,Vl'lll:'h :>~l>.o~:.~ torQ 

.: 'Joe:i ::.~ .. ~"'d 

i::.be•t f. '-~"'"''H-"; 

~.b:,; At-be Hol:et ~dv1r 

:ii.J" E. ~rr.ilh 

'dw<l'd J. Sp11tlim;~ 

:~,':",-,n·~ ~--·~~ 

. tl() i '·<.<•. '.,, .,, "'~·Q 

'- w;,;, .. ,., i.inJ~ay 'lo ... ng 

( 

~AMERICAN CIVIL t:1BERTIES UNION 

170 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW You: 10, N.Y. 

Ernest Aneell 

Cltfllnna, IOWfl el Dl~ton 

Roger N. llldwla 

Chfllrlflfltt, HflfloiHII Co•uwlffN 

Potridt Murphy Mellin 

E:rc•cutiv• Di'~ 

G_,... E. lundquist 

Aa1stant Dlredor 

ORegon S.5990 

Arth&lr 8•rfleld Hays 

•-eo.... 

Morrl1 L ErMt 

a ... ,, eo..., 

CIIHord Forster 

tmbert Monte leYy o.-.. loll 

StaH CounMI 

Alan .. .._ 

..__.__ 

I.W.-

-

,_ 

,ubiJc lelation• Di .:Mr. T~ 

. 

·--· 

Kr.Qon ______ _ 

Secretary 

J. E<J:ar Hoover 

Fer3.eral :Bureau of Investigation 

De~~rtment of Justice 

\'lashin~on, D. C. 

Dear Friend: 

!-lay 18, 1951 

-~ 

~~/ _ _., ..... ,.. 

" RE: L "IGH!A''DlCR t 

SCHOOL C-',SE 

(~~/z;,,-tfliL .Al · 

·------

~--!'-V::r.-.11 

··-·-·· ... ....._ ____ _ 

-'IF-Be~~ 

~-- ... _ ...._,._ 

Tele. Booa ------· 

I am hic;hly emoarrassed to ,.-rite this letter, but I do ho:;:>e 

you >li 11 bear Hi th me. 

. r. Hoo•!er 11as ~:ind enouj1 to '·'l'ite me on this subject a fe"-11 

Pee':s "'-1:0 in res::oonse to a letter I yTote to biro, ~md I no~< 

find to ny ?hane th.,..,.t the letter has cone astray in our files 

an:l. cannot be located.. 

I t}:.erefore '·.ronOer if I could ~revail u::>on ~rou to se!ld. me a 

copy of that letter. 

\H th Lmny than.}cs and dee:> a:!Jpreciation in ac1.vance, I am 

Cordially yours, 

.2~~~ Staff Counsel '_ __,/.{/! ~R'W.O. ?J'l /. i -l..J I I ; \l~,tp 

~t\) . ?,'l.\ \'.::- - t1 \., \\\\71-r JUN 6 195' 

2.~ 

N.L INFORMATION CONTAINED_ 

HEREIN S u;·JCLr\SSlFIEO ~ 

DATE 4 BY aer-o~ C) a.. 

_,.,' 
' . ' 

.·.··· 

.. 

. . .1 

; -·· 

'<; 

. , ... :~ 

·---- ,.-

~ 

~ . ,. 

·. ( ., . . ' .... · .. ·,.,. 

~ ·-· ,. 

~ 

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' 

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.;,. . .' ) . - • . . •.- :·:- .' ,·!· •- .• , .r . . ... , ·,··, 

. -.; ' 

llav 24• 1951 

,, 

75 /I- / 7.:2... 

Ur. Herbert llonte L•PV 

Stall Counu1 

Aaer,can C'u'l L'bertiea 

170 Fifth Avenue· 

Unhn ALL INFORMATION CONT.~INED 

New Tork 10. Ne~ Tort HER-EI~r:LASS!fiED • .. ~ DATE 1 BY(~eru Dear Jlr. LePIJ 1 . ··,. "'r---•-"" '~ 

Tour letter of Uau 181 1951, addreaaed 

to my Secretary, has been referred to •11 attentton 

cr,d tn accordance JDtth uour request, I am encloa tng _ a copv of mv co•muntoatton to vou of April 20 1 1951.· 

Tou mav be surs that I am glad to be of assistance tn thta instance and I/ I can be of 

further atd do not hesHate ·to communicate IDtth ••• 

Fnc A'L . ., Dlr~~r '8 

Stncerelu !L£Wr{l ~ ... Ed,ger lk,~r . ;~ . -: !" .:- ,....., :q . 

letter to Vr. Levy of 4-20-51 • . :. •'-;:. ~- ,,) ._ . .} 

. ' >.,! ~-~~- ; I 

• - 0 -· -· "' ""'e.,,"" < 

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~ co ~C>c:J~ -::; """' ,., ~~ ~ 

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, . .I 

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. -'· .. -~. 

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:" 

:-~~~~ 

-· ·- ·- ' :A 

.-.,, 

·-,_~YJ~?S"' 

,., 

Office Metw/andum (

., ;) 

~·· • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

TO : DIRECTOR, FBI DATB: June 22, 19.$1 / /.2/- I 

/J'~~: _,SAC, KNOXVILLE .. ', 

SUBJECT: HIGHLJd·H)ER FOLK SCHOOL 

/ _,,. , __ _ 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

(Bufile 61-7511) 

Re Bureau memorandum dated .!)/15/51 to the 

SAC, Knoxville • 

... _ -----· __ -----~ agents ot thia 

office on 6/14/51 that as of that date no investigation of the Highlander Folk School has been instigated. 

However, he stated he anticipates in the very near 

future that his department, along with Special Aganta 

of the Treasury Department, will conduct a fUll investigation of the income, expenses and operations of 

the Highlander Folk School and its personnel. 

He stated he would keep agents of the 

FBI informed of the progress made-in-this and would 

be w:!.lling to allow agents of the FBI to review the 

results of such investigation. 

This Division will maintain contact with 

and will keep the Bureau advised as to the 

progress made in the investigations by the Internal 

Revenue Department. 

61-12 

-jga ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HE~EIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~ / / DATE~~BY0P-r~~ -~ .:N-l J:. 

~; r , , -,; .... ;731 REC2ROED -lb ' . I ' ' .._......._ 

IJUii 25 1951 

EX-129 1 
,, 

. 

., 

,~ 

i •'] . ...(...; 

-. __ ., -- '~ ... 

_-o-.·. 

. ',_· 

... '•., .. 

-·. '.· 

....- . . . ·:.; 

·.-.· ·:·: 

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_.:-_1: :::.~;;.j . ~.~--.-:.~;._~ 

;-~. ;, -~~: 

.... '·• :-~~--<-~ 

·. 

Office Men'tol~ndum (j~ ... :>; ... ' !r·-:c:'-\ 

• UNITED STA1?ks 

• 

GOVERNMENT 

TO : Director, FBI 

( / 

DATE: October 16, 1951 

PlloJ p ;c, Knoxville 

SUBJECT: HIGHLI'.NDER FOLK SCHOOL 

SECURITY MATTER - C 

:Relet fram Knoxville to Buraau dated 8-13-51. 

Int.enlAl Revenue, U. S. 

"'""'"''=ooe~, Tennessee, advised an agent of this 

office on October 13, 1951, that as of that date no action had been 

taken by his department or by the special agents of the U. s. Treasury 

Department in connection with an investigation of the Highlander Folk 

Rchool or any of their personnel. He again stated he would immediately 

advise asants of this office of any information developed as a result 

of his investigation. • 

-jaw 

'""'b'i':i2 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HE!~Cl~ it ~~~LASSIFIED 101 i) !")·~.1--t. I BY @"K ~ -· ~+ 

\ 

-·· ;· / . f./ 

/ 

' •' ·.·~·.-· .o-o•_- • -· • '-;• C •, ~ 
' . ,-

• .' 7.· ., 

.. 

.. C' < .... · ...• 

.-rANDMS:t I"'ffM NO. 1M • ~.~ . 

.., t Office Mem.,, _,,_Jum ' 

• UNITED Sl ~OVERNMENT 

TO I DIRECTOR, FBI DATB: 4/21/52 

PltOW 1 SAC, KKOXVILLE ( 61-12) 

SUBJECT: Jrr-HLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

G.J.R.~ 

/~-"~- ReY~let dated 10/16/51. 

On April 17, 1952, 

Revenue, U. S. Treasury , gation has es yet been conducted of the Highlander Folk 

School and its personnel by Treasury Agents. Headded that 

because of a desire by the Internal Revenue Bureau to look 

into the tax returns of gamblers and rccketeers his office 

bed been ordered to discontinue cny investi~ation of the 

Highlander Folk School for an indefinite period of time • 

. He advised that he would notify the FEI in the event that 

investigation was to be conducted at a future date. In 

view of these facts this ccse is being closed administratively 

liiiiiiKnor.ville Office pending receipt of this advice from 

.. :}lCD 

. 

'· \ 

·L . •· 

:.,. 

t;·~-.- .... .. •"'.!,/.~.;j 
_/ 

. 

-~ ' . c· , 

( 

. - ---__,_----::::---------- c -< 

.... 

Jtr. J. Edgar Hoover. 

Federal Bureau of Iafor.ation. 

roehington, D. C. 

Dear.Jir. Hoover: 

Jlont eagle 1 ren11. 

Jullf 31~ 1953 

0 I aa roriting ii eu;Uidantial letter •. J"I!e "'.~ _-... ~ Highlander Tolkt_8c~oD~. about ~ree •ilea of llonteagl•~· 

fa believed .. by .any citi.~rena caround llere1 to be one of. -tile . hotteat beda of co-uniat teaching in the U11ited Btatea, .. It aeeaa thelf get a half bushel of aaii a dap. Peop'l~- · :-~. 

around here can't ullderatand v·hat it all aearaa 1 · ~ · 

T.".ey have been here for yeara. 'l'helf cloia tlley csre Aere 

to help the aountain people, but no one lno~a of any 

one around here they hove helped. • · · It is euident to ae, jroa trliut I tnow, tft.at '!.t ,,8 a·_.,.·-- ."' .. co m'llun is t center, What can be done about it? l'ho hoB 

the authority to act in finding out about it? , ~-

·. '· [ 

/a/ W. A. SrJ'ift 

P.S. 'l'hiB is a confidenti41 letter. 

/a/ Rev. J'. A. SID ift 

-~. 

... - '.0, <'-_ 

~~_ .. · 
' , .• r 

c 

I . () ' -
- I" f 

. 

c 

( . . (} 

:rn regar-d to the correaporaderat '• 'raqu,rlea aet out '"' 

Ids letter he ahould be orollll Gduhed ti!Gt all pertlrae11t , 111/0r-.Athll r•lcai'ag to nbuerehe uil•u••.• MOulfl.k,./¥mlded 

to tl&e rBI '"o .. ucl& ae tle I'SI i4e ben gbtll fte g .. e~l ~:f.<:-:.!;~-~;_ 

r,.ponalbUU-ea .to.,. tl&e '111veeUgcith11 or auheralve •otiVUfi.: 

•ltUII the United /HGtea UJtder tl&e aecuruv progra• f.-.tl•e4'.T -: 

bl/ ~~ec•Uv\Ord.~_ra.nd congr•u'o"o~l!ll~~~~~~~~ .·''\ .. _ .~lf·_; _ - •v -- •-••-•.&.<1_. •• .,.. • ., • ..,.., ... ,_..._ • .,.. •Mv•.&.u. -~-. ... , .. •• .l..a ........ ""'"v..w••• ,A ... IAI/I __ 

f:• • AA···-·-~-- .., .. .,.,..., .. _r-. .. '1..;._: " __ .;. :. ~· 

•ItA tile oorreapOIIdflllt '• allegathlla •UAoui aecurl11g· apeoi,J'(o·· 

Bureau autl&or,M'UOII aa ae1 /O'rila '" tile Jlllraual •I' Ilaatruc•l•••, 

Sect'"" 87.1:, a,a_. _ -·.. --· _ - ,: •. ,. .-- '~ :.• •.••. .,.,/.-;;.:,._,.-·_ . ..,. ~ .. , "-:' .. :: ,"-;> .-:- ··- f - )-;~- . -~ ·.t-·-~·~- ~- :~--~ =·-:· r,-~ _;...~.,.~~-,~; ~·-.:>_,~:~<~-~·;......<~~-- .. '·'.~,.--1' -~. ·~~~~~~ ~-~~,.~~-~-:\·.· . ~.:',:;-.> -_,__; _ J'le reeulia •J ilae .,llterule• ahllld be ~rOajtt,lJ,- •. i.•r. 

/IH'ra,ahed -•• tle Juree~u •ItA reJ'ereJJr;e_ "'-"8 1111de 1t . .-'-,fc;' .... :. -· l ~ ~ · · -- · · ~ · -·- · ·- ~- · -~ ~~v ,_ "' .,., .,.. · " ,. ••••r-__ --~_. ,_ ·~- _,_- !· ... :-.~1 ' .• :-. ~ .......... ~ ,.. ____ :._~)."'.: :·~, ..... -:·:-~·:.~~-~---·~:· 

, ' ~ ·;. ,,:}r-C~:<::~::, ... :~;-~11 ;,, ~~t .. ,~- .... _~· : ·:_;;_ .;,.'"-_ ''\~·._, ' • '• ,. h ,_- .... ~_.,- "V . .-~ r"¢ '• .... -I'~ '- ;~,...,-·~~- ;·-t<t~.':.-· - ~ - -~- ; t,-. ,..' _·_.,,~- ·_t.: i.- ,._ .... _, _· -·'-it.· .. '* .... _ ...... ~-,-_ : ... J . • :··.> -"' .. ---' .• ~ ~~; ~~~: ..--. 

to. - .. 

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( 

- ' • ... 

~R. ~. ~~. L4DD • August 25, 1953 

o:'- neT: ::vr;::s HO:l.TC'N 

(Jenner Co~~ittee Request) 

Jen~er ~mT~it~ee 

Conference ~ducFti 

Horton lon~-time hee 

• Llose'associete of 

; -"''-'".:!.='e;c;-.~-2---"~;'"-''"'-"......,.t '1e rn l..onf e r er..c e for H U'l" en :·1 e 1 f ere 

( SCl-I'r:}, a cited organize,_ ion end out'-1orn Conference~ ""ducationel F•J.n!i_ 

('C'E?), su.ccessor orgenization to SCfftl.~f Horton end .on ',;lest, known,;.;_-_.·-

Co.,~•J.nist, Here ~rincil')el orp;aniz"rs of rrogre~ highlr•nder Folk Schoo,l-#,-·-

•.!'len letter organized in 1932. In Becerrber, 1950, horton in letter tj;! '.'. 

;:r. "'lec;r; ecc·1sed .... urec u Aeento of questioning neighbors cf Folk Schoo-:). __ .. 

regarding "isits of Negroes to School end also of stating thet a "re's-s"'~ 

releEoe rele&sed by Sche>ol would be considered "om.,unistic by a rre,jority 

of so~thern neonle. Horton made similer cherees in letter to Attorney 

~e ~rEl, SenRtor Estes ~efauver, to the "ress and to others. Horton's 

Pllesrt1"ns found by Bureau to be fllse. Horton in letter to Attorne~ 

~:.c,,srsl sts-ced that the '-'ouncil of the School was considerinr; thP 

"'roced·J.re for future ir.ter,iews •~ith '"'ureau Ag,nts, i. e., of heulng thf,1 J'rcct0r of School only sneak for entire steff end of having all q~rsti~ns -osed by Bureau Agente "'Ut in writing. Director of School to 

s•1bT:!t re~lies in writing. "ulcsequen1'1Y Knoxville Office instructed to 1

:e••e no furt~er conta~ts w~Pte·•er at olk School. Present reu!ew 

ll.-rited to or.ain files on Borton and Big"llander i"olk '-'chool, iincl sum..,aJ'y~ · 

l'e~'ort deted October 4, 191_,7, concerning SCH\'1 Hhich was rore"ered in_ 

Gcc·rdPJ.ce with Executi"e Order 91?-35 snd which contains sunorrary on Eorto:n. 

"Sre'' references since thet su~~ary were Plso reviewed.* Forton WBS ~e­

,..crted ingtr•yrentfll in sterting t'ce ''orkers "'llien>:'e, d Sif\n!'tec by the 

,·,t t crne:r enerel "ur suant to Exec uti "e 0 rder 10!1 c;'O. 

Thst the ettsc~ed 

Co-r~ittee. . r1~, 

· • .· ,r' ..J CFT 0 

" ' ''C!~-1-': . >" A~:t~c'-f""l[-(nt~, ~ · 

l h'(l-ll61S; I. -7~11) 

1 - i~r. •'ich0ls 

.,.fjb 

.lt 

'It 

112 SEP 2~ 19S3' 

ore~orPndum be forwarded to the Jenner 

\(..!-'&~ v 

NQTRECORDED 

l4B SEP 16 ·,953 

...,._.. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNGLASS!FIED 

DATE J !t/5N BY.!1J:j~~ 

-- . ',, ··- . ·:;··- . : ,>· . _ .. , .. :. 
, 

I 

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·-----=-----...,_,~,-- {;..;" ...... _ _..~-: ---~-,--

• C: 0:! NASHVILLE TINNESSIAN, s..4.y wry. Wr 11, fiJI 4

• ~ ~>~-5-;·::;{>~7 .· ~~~r .

4 ,,.,.,, •. ,.,_< 

Our Nei hbor~ · · ~·:~~· -~}~~\~;1',~~:-: 

'Pastor Swih,' V"ife Did a lot 

.. 

lovable Couple 

Now Retired 

After 60 Years 

ENCLOS~:.: 

• 

!'!.: 
((' ---------,·:.--:,.----------

( () • 

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•. > 

,!. i 

Rev. WILLIAM ALP~t" S!ir.Jl'! 

at his residence b;y Special JU>~•nt 

advised. that he 1e a retired Me'tli<ill 

he has resided at Monteagle, Tennessee, ~or the past 10 :p811l'S. Bav. SVIJ'r r~;~ported that the Highlamer Folk sohool whioh is looated on higbwa;y between 

Monteagle and Trac;r Cit;r, Tennessee_, vas reportedlJ' ~ounded during the earq 

:.ert o~ 1930 b;y a lll!.n name,0cMBROsxY. :Bitv. SWD'l'' stated that he did not know 

DCMBBOSKY's f'irst nama am that he had never met DCMB:RCSKY. Bav. SWlFl' advised 

that DCMBllOSKY is no longer connected with the Highlander J'ilk School, but that 

he is reported to be syl!qlllthetic with the Caamunist. Rev. swm stated that be 

believed DCMBRCSKr to be sympathetic with Communism because or newspaper acoom:zts 

l1~'r!.ng DetmROSKY with strikes vh1ch were occuring all over the United state:. 

:Rev. SWIFT stated that he had never heard an;y COIIIIII!Inte made either b;r o.r accredUod to DO!-mRQ:JKY vhich would lead him to believe him to be Caumunistic and he 

stated that he had not received an;y reports or an;y aotivit;r on the part at 

D::ll·ffiROSKY other than the nevspeper accounts or DCMB:ROOKY participating in strims 

\lh!oh would lead him to believe that DCMB:ROOKY was sJ'lllpathetic with Camnuniem or 

any subversive organization. . . 

/ Rev. SWIFT stated that he has been informed that the Highlander Folk 

j\ ~~~~~. ~i~:f··~l~~:'"dH~"':::~d t.~ie~;e::i~:r 11ml';lnH~~ a:~c! not 

.knov an;rone connected with the Highla!lder Folk School either in the past ar at 

the :present time. He also advised that he has never visited the Highlander Folk 

School and has never associated with an;yone who has frequented the Highlander 

Folk School or associated vith an;y of the individuals connected vith this school. 

RaY. ST-lUT advised that he has no direct information regarding the Highlander 

Folk School ar any of' its past o.r present personnel. He stated that his onq 

1nfo.rmat1on concerning the possible s~thies of' the Highlander FOlk School 1 

; 

'W:!.th the Cgnmuniet Fru1:.y or other eubVQreiva orge.n1z11t1on 1!! in the form ot 1 ,---

hearsay infonne.tion. Rev. SWIFT was asked far specific 1n:f'ormat1on even in the.: J 

I'orm of hearsay upon vhich he ba1&d his opinion that the Highlander Folk School 

was CO!!Illunistio in nature. Rev. SWIFT advised it is his opinion that the Highlander Folk School was dominated b;y Camnunist Sympathizers on the Following 

events. / 11"?1 · -nm . RECORDED. 9J ~~/. -:-__,_75//-· ' -~ ~ . /-( IN/)[X[D _ 9l ~? 4UG 3; ?953 . .--.~-

.-: ' -· 

• ~0- ~I 
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-)~>·:~~.?; 

~~ -- ';- ---- ' •.· .. 

. -.. '"': '-..... 

I' 

~-~ 

Rev. SWD'l' stated that saaet1me durins 1952, he observed Ml'. JIORrOJJ, 

Kighlander Folk School Director, throw a'IIS;r a oop;r of the pomrontan lfna, 

Sunda;r Edition, dated October, 1952, numbered 200. Eev. SWlJIT stated that 

KORI'ON discarded this newspaper 1n the Post Of'fioe ot Monteagle, Tennessee 

and he recla:lmed the DBVspaper for information purposes. Bev. SWD'l' stated 

that atter reading this edit:l.on ar the RCID!t.n:l.an Hews, he cone:l.dered :l.t subversive· in nature. 

:Rev. SWD'l' stated that the Kighlander J'olk School has claimed tar 

... ' 

;years that the purpose ot their location at Monteagle, Tennessee is to assist 

the mountain people 1n that rlcin1t;y. He stated that he has been rlsitins 1n 

Monteagle and T1cin1t;y tor the past 3.5 ;rears and has lived continual}3 at Montesgle, Tennessee for the past 10 ;rears. He stated that 1n rlsiting vith mountain people 1n that vicinity, he has ;yet to find an;yone vho has stated that 

anyone connected with the B:1ghlandar Folk School has ass1~t&d the mouzt-~1n 

people in sny '1187. 

sQne ago 

o,,,u,, .. we.s up Communist S;ympath1zers. :Rev. SWD'l' advised the intervieving agent that -did not elaborate on the cCIIII!Ient 

and did not give an;y reason or bas~ne this remark. 

also advised that he had been Wormed b;y----

that the Highlander FolkS~ 

• unable to furnish an;y additional 1n:f'ormation 

regard1ne the CO!lllllent and stated that-had not elaborated on this remark. 

He also stated that he has seen extrem~ge quanitiee of mail being delivered 

at Monteagle Poet Office to representatives of the Highlander Folk School. He 

stated this mail comes frO!Il all over the vorld and a great deal of it is in the 

form of air mail end special delivery mail. P.ev. SWD'I' stated that he cannot 

up.cl.erstand hov eny school could receive this much mail unless it vee ell8f!ged 1n 

some sort of illegal or subversive activity. 

Rev. SWIFT also advised the 1ntervieving agent that he had been informed 

by several mountain people,, nernee unknown, that vhile doing day lahar on the 

grounds of the Highlander Folk school, they had learned that there vee a building 

on the ground of the Highlander Folk School called the Film Center. Rev. SIIJl'l' 

stated these people had advised him that no one, other than Highlander Folk School 

personnel were alloved to enter or go near th1e building. He stated that he had 

no other information regarding the building, but it eeemacl rather suspicious to 

hU. thst a school would be eo particular 1n maintain1ne a bu1ld1ns and its con-

~~~~~ ~~ euch secrecy. 

Rev. SWTF1' stated that Dr. J. T. BlACKWOOD, a retired Methodist Minister 

vho 1e 91 ;years old and resides at Monteagle, Tennessee, had camnented to him 

that the Methodist Church which was located 1n the illlnediate vicinity of the 

. ·- ·- -::-•;-.--. .. ,-.,·.·:-··· ·.,,...,, ----~ 

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. ' .. ,_.,c .. 

'': ,·, 

, ••:' ·, 

U

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. 

. 

. 

. . 

. 

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.. "· ... ·.· .· . .'· (. ~-

. . . 

'lf.(l'l'"'1a.M.e.,.. A4_ea-'- 1Pn1'1r C!n'h/'\1'\1 l!.a.A "--'" 4'1"'n4,-.-lf +..n l"'flnaa 4+.a dnl"'f4B_ ~,.- UT..&.I"!R'Vt'VV\ ....... ...__. .... &Y~ ....,_..._ __ ...,,.._ ................................... _ - ..., ... .., ......... -... ---~· ... _-.. _ .. _"..,.._. 

ini"o:rmed :Rev. SWIF"l' that thie church was farced to close its doat'tl due to 

the d1st.ract10Ds offered b7 the HishU!nder J'cllt School personnel. He reportedly steted whenever e church service was 1n progress, the Highlander J'olll: 

School personnel would plan a demonetration picnic or otter to take the 

children on hikes or rides through the woods and in this method distract 

them :!'rom the church services. 

:Rev. SWIFT advised that the Highlander J'ollt SChool personnel were 

acting as spies in the different churches in the vicin1t:r or Monteade and 

Tracy-City,-Texmessee. 'When asked to cplain what he meant by th1a; he stated 

that they attend a church service without 1nvitetion and the next Sunda;r the;r 

would go to sCDe d1f'ferent church. lie steted that to his movledge, the;r have 

never caused an,y disturbance at an,y ot these churches 1 but that they do not 

oontinusll;r go to the same church in the vicinity or Mo.nteasle or Tracy Cit7. 

He was asked specifically wh;r he thought they were acting as spies and he could 

offer no explination other than the :f'act that they did not attend ·~ church 

regularil7 • 

:Rev. SWIFT also advised that he had heard, source unknown, that several 

l!lflmrl·ecturing establishments had re:t'ueed to build in the vicinity or Monteagle 

or Tracy City because or the Ccmnunistic leadings ot the Hishlander Follt School 

which was located in the same vicin1t7 of Monteagle and Tracy C1t;r, Tennessee • 

They reportedl;r stated that they did not want to build near the Highlander J'ollt 

School because the school would continuall7 be causing trouble 1n the :f'orm ot 

strikes. 

Rev. SWIF1' stated that he could not furnish a~ additionel ini"orl!lfltion 

other then what wes related above. He stated he believed the school was a "hot 

bed or Carmuniet" and he based this opinion upon the several events which ere 

related above. Rev. SWIFl' advised he was unable to furnish a~ additional infcmnation regarding the Highlander Follt school either in the farm or heareay or 

othervise. P.ev. SWIFl' wee orell;r advised that all pertinent ini"Ol'lllation relating 

to subversive activities should be :f'llrn1shed to the Flli, inemnuch as the Flli has 

been given the general responsibilities tar the investigation or subversive activities within the Unite~ States under the Security Program de:f'ined by EXecutive 

Orders and Congressional Enactments. He was informed that if he received an,y 

additional ini"ormation regarding any subversive activities that he should 

innnediately notify the Special Agent in Charge of the Ehoxville Division of the 

Federel Bureau of Investigation. Closed. 

- 3 -
( 

~ ........... , 

(· Office Memorandum .c) .. • UNITED :!,tATB:S GOVERNMBNT 

/) 

DATB: f/lD/53 

' SAC, DUltllJZ (61-12) 

IUBJBCT: 

n let 8/27/53 cmtitlad ~BLA..-mcR iOIA SaiOOL, 

Di'CRU.L ~ - c,• repcrted the renl.t or Ole mten1-

w1th :Rnerend VlLI.TAM .a.. 8WD'f. 

RWJRDfl} · ~ lfzL.:-..1~-;;- I~D 

. Jlrl . . ~ l iNFORMATiON CONTAi:~EP. .

14 

.-

6 3 SEP 17 ·g!j~l ' . l '~REI~s /DATE I :cLASSIFIED~: BYS'PL__~) .#· v J, ~ -Q, ' .... 

0~ • 

.. 

. -... ~·--·- -~ _,_ .... ..,., .. ·-~ 

"--~.,__. ... _.-..-,.-·.~·-: --··.>·,-:··-. ~ ____ .,.. ~--····- ... _, ... --~~---~~- -~,..·-·---·· ·<'' •• 
,. 

-· .. . ,_ .. 

.. -

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'' 

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I- ~ ~ • •n l 

rt~~~-~-­

GJa, ~--

1,n,~~roo'd 

~~:c. P..:.omli',!:~-Olll __ 

' 

Director, FBI (61-7511) 

· . I .· - t.J.fY 

_¥_, 

INFORMATION 

__ A "7fsfJEL 

CONCERNIIIQ 

~ 

diNTERNAL SECURI'rF) 

_j_h ft j__ t- /IN hL 5_ . ..S ~ ~ o !..!:._ ~- ReBulet dated Auguat 6, 1953, dtrect.ct ·to the 

captioned individual, Monteagle, Tenneeeee, oop••• oJ 

IDhich 10ere duignated for uour office IIIith the reque•t·- that the correepondent be 'nterute111ed. 

J'za•tnatton of Bureau fUu JaU• to di•cloee 

the receipt of 1Ae reaulte of your contact. 7ou are 

requeeted to forward tht• tnfor•atton to the Bureau at J 

In the euent the•e data haue been eubaitted to 

the Bureau, ~leaee furnteh the date and caption of uour 

com'7luntoatton. 

I All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~dS\~CLASSIFIED _~----~ 1 

/-

OAT~ ' BY 6f-:>E-fru.)J_ . s,us..sRECORDED-57 ~--_,:;:.'--· ,:_ I q .I - I -· ·:-· 0 

\NDEXED-51 f . __. , CV. • ll8 SEP 161953 f/1/i:rw . ~ - 130 

~ "\1 

. -.\'. 

-~MM.:::: flU 

SEP 9 1953 

MAILED 28 · 

. 1- ' . -J ' . ~ .._"'\,._t '~-:J "~ ........ ~.! 

-----

. " r:::~ ·-:}-~:·:_~~·~_-.t.~::_ -.-···.;~---.· ·;~--;:_._~---~!._;'.-:.•;_ '.:.·~--~~--~~>·~/f;:7(f::-~:~~-:f:~~ ~;~~;;}!_~;\ . . - . ;.,,_ .-_.: .. _._:;·:~~\-.:~· ;..~ . 
.... ·~- . . -

.,· .. 

-,,, ~- ' -_,J 

.,l,_ ' 

. <· 

I 

~7y 

. -r' ~- __ ,_-

(.· f 

:Director, J'BI 

SAC, ln0%T1lle (100-oo) 

0 

JllGJIIJJfDER FOLI: SCJIOOL 

Thumbnail Eketch 

DTERIIAL SECORI'l'I • C 

Jte SAC tetter 53·"12· 

There are no lmOIID IIUbTers1Te orsenueticms within the lnordlle 

Di1'1Bion purel,- locel 1n ~~eture, nor are there ezq ~~etiODal bead-quarters ror 

such organizations in this tiddcmJ ilovner, ihe iigbi"'lder folk 5cilool, 

Monteeg1e, Tennessee, ia ooeaaionall.J' refere:nced 1n connection vith eecuri'Q-

=- i. tel.~ e.nd, therefore, the :t'ollowins doclllll8ntet1cm is be ins eubmi tted: 

"The 11ghlen4er loll: SChool 1e an 1netitut1cm looete4 II4NQ" 

Monteagle, Tennessee. It ie an institution vith classes em 

e sem.inar basis end 1s supported pr1mer11,- b;r donations :rrllldividuale, :f'rom labor unions 1n the fo:na of papnenta tor 

students vho attend, and to soma extent b7 the :r~:naere' Union. 

It off'ers courses o:t instruction 1n labor organ1zet1cm, social 

economics, p~~rllementar,J procedure end the generel field o:t' 

labor education. !biB school ha~.]led Communist I ert7 111811lbers 

on ita etef:t end ee instructors,t_and has followed the prect1ce 

of welcoming CP lllelllbers es students, but to 11q knowledge, the 

echool haa never offered coureee of 1net_~J.ction 1n Comm.un.iet 

matters nor hee the C~st element ever campletel,J controlled the institution.:.}.(. 

. Conf1cient1al ID!o=r..t l:noxville T-2, a governmental agency, has 

edvised that LOUIE FRAl'!CIE BODE1JZ1 e~ittacl. fo:naer editor of the ''Da1l,- Worker," 

en Eeeli Coeet C=unist newspaper end en officiel 1n the Communist Part,J, advised en ll/21/52 that the i1ghhn4er J'olk School vas pro..COIIIIIIliiliet. 

''./. .··-·:· ., ~ ,_, .• -.' ,, . . , .. ,.c. 

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• 
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--- -:: .. :..-

··:--· ... -. j 

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( ' ' .-·- .. -

Director, J'BI 

Bel Jlil.l[LAJDJ!;R FOil: SCBDOI. 

l:S-c 

. •ev York a4Tised J::nc~Dille b7 letter 10/26/53 that We 1Di'oru.t1~ ·. 

had been made anilable to •ev York Office b7llllreau letter 2/24/,3, entitl.e4 

"11ae of Benevolent Trust J'unda1 Philanthropic and EleemoBJD817 Ihetituticma 

to Implement the Progr-ams of' Subverein Groupe 1 IS..C." 'fhe Bureau 1netnlote4 

that 1n rsportina the material it be attributed to BllDl!3Z and the 80\IrOe of' 

memoranda be referred to onl.7 b7 confidential e,JIIbol. 

-2- • 
··:.'-·' 

·'· .··: '<:;: 

·~ 

Cony:sdc 

__ _,__ ___ _ ____ 

• 

EBI KNOXVILLE 6-15 PM EST 

I • DIRECT !R, BBI URGENT 

MYLES HORl'ON, WAS., SM - c,

0 HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, IS - C. CHATTANOOGA 

li --------. 

NEioiS-FREE PRESS ARTICLE APPEARING MARUH TWENTYTHREE FIF'l'YFOUR RELATES 

THAT HORTON REPORTS HE WILL GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF HIS APPEARANCE AS WITNESS 

AT SENAfE INTERNAL S"CURITY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING AT NEW ORLEANS, ~ 

INCLUDING HIS CLOSED HEARING WITH SENATOR JAMES EASTLAND. MEETING 

SCHEDULED FOR THURSDAY NIGHT MARCH TWENTYFIVE FIFTYFOUR, AT HIGHLANDER 

FOLB! SCHOOL, MONTEAGLE TENN. IT IS REPORTED MEETING ADVERTISED BY 

MAILING APPROXll1ATELY FIVE HUNDRED CAI!DS TO PERSONS RiSIDING VICINITY 

• 

OF SCHOOL. KX OFFICE HAS RECEIVED TELEGRAM FROM MONTEAGEE, TENN., ON 

THIS DATE QUOTE FBI, HAMILTON BANK BLDG., KNOXVILLE, TENN. I WILL 

P.EPORT ON THF EASTLAND HEARING AT HIGHLANDER S':<VEN THIRTY J:M TOMORROW. 

SJGN":D MYLES HORTONUNQUOrE. PURSUANT TO BUTEL BEB. TWENTYSEVEN 

FIFTYONE, INSrRUCTING NO CONTACTS WHATSOEVER SHALL BE MADE AT HIGHLANDE~ 

\ 

FOLK SCHOOL AND THAI' NO DISCUSSFN SHOULD BE MADE WITH INDIWDUALS 

CONCERNING HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, 

• 

MATTER UACB. 

END 

6-20 PM OK FBI WA fch 

TU 

l~LL lNFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFJED . ~ DATE J),j~ _ BY ¢)?'it~~ ~<l.~.;s 

('!'/;~ 

~i~54 

NO ACTION IS BEING TAKEN 

SOUCY 

.~---·· .~- 1 'tl- '/-' II_, 

----rr;ORDED 

L c t.1p,,( 30 1954 

~----

. - c -. :- ·~ 

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t.~UJii &iL.Il••lla. 

TO Director, l!'.BI (61.·7511) (llEGIS'l'EBI!lD MAIL) DATB: '4/7/'})1. 

i 

I 

SAC, Knoxville (61-12) 

( HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS :;·c·------------

lie Knoxville letters to Director 5/4/';1, 6/22./51, 

and 4/21/52. 

lie Bureau letters to Knoxville .sated 5/15/51. 

On 3/19/54 

Revenue, Treasury De:Pfl%-tmo~nt 

of this office that had e,sain been an 

investigation concerninS the Highlander Folk School and its 

em,ployeee in line with the information set forth in referenced 

Knoxville memo dated 5/4/51. · 

stated that he was notifying the 

FBI of this investigation in that he would gladl3" cooperate 

with Agents of the l!'.BI in furnishing azq- information throU.sh 

official channels that they desired. - stated he 

would notify Agent~ the pro~e investigation and if info~s desired concerninS hie investigation, it could be obtained throue;h aff'iciel channels. 

t>ECL!. 

011 ' 

'!'he- ~.D·M~-··. _M .. .,., ,..__ t..--~ -.1 .... -t ... .-.:a ,...(I' ~,.,_- __ l"'...._a • ..,...., ~1;1\A. W • .L.L Uti: .6-~JI"' GUY.LDC"- U4 v.LI.I!i;O J(.&.VC)I.~~i;ii;;I'U 

and if deemed advisable at the 

a request will be 

of' his inVestigations through 

t v / 'I I I ~ I !Y -----APR ~ 1~ 1..,!".4 

\ :) 0 APf.; ~ 1 iJ;;4 

\ 

,.,.....,.ltJ,~I~ES Al!:' p\~}l OFr!CES 

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ST·'"' '9' 01' 1-~/!e;~~~'--~-­

DATE: _ _;w;;co;¥_...,--
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DIRJ!C'l'CIR1 DI 

SAC, DCilVIU1.! (100..00) 

(f~lll-'lfTIKR ~IX SCIOOio .';/ " 

ld'll!:RAAL SJ;CURiff • C 

• 

. :-. 

-.. _,. .... ·- '-·- ' •.-

:.--'. : . ! -~- ., ., .- .:··.' .-____ ._ :.-

Jte SAC :tetter ~-2~ ana JVlet U/28/'3· 

.[~ . . -· .. . " 

I----~ ~ ... _ .... ·._. ·, 

. ,i 

'1'he thumbnail altetoh cCliiOerniDS the JliehlaD4er "'D_ K -/ 

Folk School •• eet out 1n re:t'let present~ tul:t'illa all ~ ,/ -" 

reQuirements •• aet forth 1n SAC Letter .~-22. 

t; " H - JU"' l ~ 3 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN~ ~NLASSIFIED ·~ DATE I BY b't.?]L!S I en.: 

,;Lt.l S" 0 c3 ~ 

'.- . 

-----

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~>,:...-' ;._(f;.-_- :.- ~- -~-- -· 

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L 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF IRVESTIGATIOR 

URITED STATES DEPABTMERT OF JUSTICE 

. AIR-mL /'!/ 

Transmit the ,:ollowing Teletype message t.o: /'). 

FBI KtJOXVILLE 6/7/$4 {/ 

nmtc'roR 

• 

OCfl/wn 

HIOHLANDER FOLK: SCHOOL, IS - C. BE II Dl'l' '10 BUREAU b/7 /$4. 

tttt~~~S!l- J4r. ?f'_;~!·--

~:u( - Y.:r. "·'·c 

li~. :-~·% --~":' .; . Mr. P--!"·;n __ _ 

l!:r. ':'· -<~:; ---·--

M' . ; .: ' ..... . 

TeL. "' ""'- -- M~ --: . ,. a!l_ 

Kis4 Ga..~.:--7---

- IN'lERNAL REVENUE .AGBN'l', CHATTANOOOA, ADVISED '!'HIS Dl'l'B HB BAS 

P.ZCORDS OF HitHLANDER FOLK: SCHOOL IN HIS Fal;SESISICIN. 

I -- """""" ...... 

BUREl'l1 :REQUES'JED '1'0 RKQUES'l' 

REVENUE DEPARTMENTAL REGULA.TIO~ NOT .ALLOWED ro RElEASE THIS 

INFORMATION IN 'mE FIELD, BUT DIPLIED IT COULD BE OBTAINED PRCM 

INTERNAL REVENUE HEADQUARTERS. 

l-;o .... ~i~: ·--.. .. . . 

1 ImrES~l'IGJ\TIION '1'0 BE CONDUCTED \\'I THIN mE 

NEXT NO WEEKS. 1: I- 1'.// 1?. ~> 

RECOBDENi .:h\m MML_ - som:r 

f{-=.12--.... , , .,,. f,ol.mont 

A~proved : __ ..LC.t.~~:-tL= n!.......-:---:::----

Specia~nt in Char&e 

- •' ' 

: ·' 

t.;.7 JUN 9 195/t ~ ... 

. · _.-:.-i 

I 
.tEHIE.i.ll\!.:m?t:"~PI:!~~n.o~ ~"- - .;..-: .-i ~ ~-- .;; ~~rn IS.UJ"~!..'J;f.rFUD . .J> ~ 

, · ' IXC'.&."t IVlliRE saoq -. _ ,,_ - - Q1'JDIRlliSE. . ._,..a. 111e cu-~ .._, -· ·~ :•· 

I 
... ·--·--·.·· -~---- : __ 

: . . - . . . - . ' . . ..... _, -. .-.·:-. ----·~·~·-~------ ;_-·. .·.. . ···-'-. , . . :_,- .;, . 

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\ 

FEDEJ0\L BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART50F7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 

~. 
0 

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(,/-- 7 51/ 
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-~-....... ' 

GOVERNMENT 

TO DIREm'OR, FBI (6l-75ll) DATB: 12/lL/55 

FROM~AC, KNOXVILLE (6l-l2) ' - j . 

- 0 

SUBJECT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

l./ INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

Ret Knoxville letter to Director dated 12/9/55. 

A copy of this letter Wll8 inadvertently not designated tor the 

W~shington Field Office. Enclosed is a copy of referenced letter-for 

the information of the Washington Field Office, and they are requested 

to make the necessar,y correction as set forth in reflet. 

ID- Director (6l-75ll) 

l - washington Field (Encl.l) 

l - Knoxville (61-12) 

-idh 

(4) 

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:·: : - ... ' 

(..I.' A-
4-750 (2-7-791 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location m thl' fill'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) -~ 2 __ C_7_·_L7 j) _____ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

:_. __ _i lnfonnation pertained only to a third part:-.' with no refPrPnCL' to ~·ou or the subject of your request 

[J Information pertained only to a third pert;. Your nemP ;, !i,tect in the title only. 

L_j Docurnent(s) originating with the following govemmPnt agencv(iesl., ~·--------------

- __ , wa!-./Wt'fL' forwarddl to thPrn for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thL· fn\loY.ing goH·rnnJL'nl agPncv(iPsl: 

a~ thP informatiun originated with them. You will 

~- .. ·~ c ... h-ised of availability upon retum of tlw matPrinl tn thP FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rvason(~): 

LJ Tor your informa lion: ------- - -----

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~ 1).· e.following number is to ~d for rc.·f.erencP rPgardi.ng thesP pages: 

(': !~ __ ']_S_!l- ) 4----------·· -------

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/OOJ 
4-750 (2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thc- fill'. On<' or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) _J__j_ C7_• _ ,1- ? p _____ with no segregable 

material available for releasC' to you. 

[] lnfonnation pertained only to a third part.v with no rl'fPrPnC"(:' to ~·ou or thf' subject of your request. 

0 Infonr~ation perw.ined only to a thiid part.\. Your namP i;.; li~tl'd in the title only. 

U Document(:;) originating with the following guvenmH'Ilt agem·_v(ies). --------------

- . wa,/wpr<• forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page\s) referred for consultation to th~ following go\'Nnnwnt agency{ies); 

_______ a>' the information originated with them. You will 

L~- ad·.-j:.,crl vf aYni lability upon rf'tum of thi.' material to thP F'HL 

Page(sJ withheld for the following reason(s): 

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0 ·For your infonnation: 

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X:XX\.XX 

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THiS PAGE X 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED -· 

HEREI~,~~~CLASSIFIED · 

DATE BY c5P8'~e,JJJn'A ..!)1../-S& ::J 

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loaal _. at1CIIIIIl. Ill •GOJI J.ooatll4 111thia W. ten1.~0117 ot tile 

l:rlaln1lla Qt.ti.. . . . : . "' '. 

0 Zncl.OIH lwavw1Wl u ...., 0011~ E~.J'-

f:>llt soh~- stoh ~:.ua1nw11 Pttch baa J"T1t:al8l.T liND tuzon1ahe4 

to tlil'li.U..U. ~lleft hae liMn ao k!!OIIIn chanst• 1ss thu GI'SUI1a&-

ti= zaoeu1tat1Jts • RTtriOD ot the alllrtoh • 

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JSO'l:' ht.x·,;H!H:u 

78 .iUN I 0 1955 

l•IX 61.·12 

l • IX 100-00.'I9QA 

0(7/ 

! 

... 

f.: 0 ;JUN 1 'l 1:1\~j 

.ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED --~,\<~t 

HEREI~,GI~NCLASSIFIED . ~ '!)1!'flt."S Ci '" 

DATE 1 LBY ~·~ .... · . 
4-750 (2-7-7'1\ ( 

•,· 

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>. \"·,: \', 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thv fill>. One or mort• of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~_)__(__..-_ __ 

material available for releasl' to y·ou. 

_ _____ with no segregable 

!I lufc.r.nati0n pertained only to a third part.\ with no rl'f'prcnce to you or th(• subject of your request 

lntOnnation pertained only to a third party. Your IHWIC' i~ listL•d in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with thP following govPntntPnt a~:wnn-(ips) · -------------

-------- _______________ . v.as/wt.'fl' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Paw·{sl referred for consultation to thL' following gon•rnm£•nt ag(•ncy(ies); 

____ as thl' infom1ation originated with them. You will 

l~t _ _- ,W\ 1~eJ of availability upon retum of thl' matL·nal tn thP FBI. 

t-'a:,:v'~sl \•vithheld for the following rc'ason(s): 

----~- ~--·--··--~-

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X DELETED PAGE<S) X 

*NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/DOJ 
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t~~;o. _.';·--" ~.:;:.~ -_--~' ··";;;- _: -: ._. . ·..:: .... : : ; 

• IITANDAitD I"DltN NO ... • I 

fm . j' ;. Office M, '-" ' UNITED f Ji~vfifNMENT 

TO : DIRECT<lR1 F.BI DATE:4/6/56 

FR7/j]J;..c 1 _!'OI"OXVILLE 

SUBJJ(.J~ER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERN!'L SECURITY-C 

~F.~~~~~ •11!1- u. s. , , Tennessee, on 1 advised ,.-r 

that he had received a request from MILES 

, President the Highlander Folk School,_Monteagle, Tennessee, 

to make a talk concernins conservation matters before the school·--·--

in June 1956. He steted he declined the invitation but felt that 

HORTON might insist upon his IIIBking the talk . 

........... stated he had heard from individuals residing 

in vicinity that this school had the reputation for being inclined 

towards communism, and that he therefore did not desire to make the 

talk. 1 asked as to whether this school vas subject of 

investigation by the F.BI. 

~-· vas furnished no information concerning this 

a indicated he might request the Department of Agriculture 

to contact the Bureau in Washington concerning this matter. 

. .. - . ---1 .... 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREINJJI~LASSIFIED ~ DATE_ I BY QlOQ~I~ c)q S\\ ., ···· .,. ) 2 -Bureau 

.. -. -._z 1-Kno:rville (61-12) 

.·. ~~~:-~: ;,.;;;Af •' d 

-,;~-'7C- \3)rv J RECORDED. 31l t/ - 7 _)--;I - ) 1 ;u 

!23 APR 9 1956 

l 
. ·;._. " . · ... ,~_ ... :.':.. ~_';._~;;;. .. ~-~;.·.~.- _:. ___ :·_-::- ,: ~i-~~ .. . :...~_ :· - ~' ' ' ..... 

>'-•'' .-'· ".·-

>-.'-'-

--.: 

j IT.-'!~ ~:'~"'-'"t-;!~:..~:-~~, ,..,._-:--,.., ... ,.~ 

~:_;~"F:.: :s~-:-:~'\0>;~.':'·'·~: ::.W) 

txr.~; ~~rr\.E SliOJ1li 

C.THl.RY'aSE.. ~-. 

' - ' ' ' . . .• -.;. :>' 

April Z7, 19$6 

0 

iiiGHLAWDmt POLA !CiiOOL Montot~le, ~eaneaaH 

#.--

. 'MRs. MIL!tS B?Jn'IOJI, abo 

kDown •• Mra. Mzl•• Borton 

Highlander Polk SOhool 

Monteagle, ~•nne•••• 

tm. ~r.::s mR'l'Oll, '&180 

known u Mr. M7lu Jlortoa 

Highlander Polk SObool 

Monteagle, !'•nne••• 

... '• --

,_ ' 
• --- • : ,.-'; \ f . • . • ,· • 

_.•·. ' . - '·· ·. > '.y 

-~~- ' ., .•. ·"=-

' :~ 

.~·~~ .. ··'; 

·- .. _ --""~--~-.,. .. -, .... _.,. 

. -. ~- .... ~.' .,._ -~. __ ,-. 

.-·:"· •' '*: . . .. '' 

"'l'bo HlghlaDder Folk Sclbool 1a AD 1ut1tuUoa .,.;;"~ 

looahd noar Monteagle. 'fenDu_.. It b aD 1nat1tut10D · · _,. wlth olauea on a nrrd.nar ba81a and aQppOr"tad pr1Marll7 · ;. b7 donationa rrorrt 1nd1Ylda.ala, .trom labor anlODif 1n tbe t'ora~ ot' ~,.nta .tor atu.denta vbo attODd, aD4 to a01:11a 

extent b} the 'Pal'mel't a union. It ott era cour••• ot 

lnat.ruetlon 1n labor oraan1saUOD1 aoclal eoonomloa, parl1a~nt&r7 prooodKrO and the seoaral .tiold o.t labor ed~.~eatlon. 'fbJ.a .chool baa bad Coramanht PU'tf meobera 

on lta atatt •• tnatractora,~aad baa followed the praotloe 

or ••lo~ COflli\UIDiat Part)' -!IIbera aa ~enta, bQt; k 

r.rs kno~o~ledge, \he aobool baa uenr ot'terod oow-aea ot 

1natruct1on ln conrlQD1at -.twra DO!' baa the ooamunlif: hll'l•nt ever eomplet•l7 controlled ~· 1nat1tlltlon.• _j )i!'.U 

looth~S4-l084) , · '{no r OOYorn:~~ental ageDCJ vblch ooadaota 

1ntolllgonoe lnnatlgat1one baa ad'rhod tbat Loula Praooh 

Blldezu., former editor of the •oa117 ~orker,• an eaat 

c"aat co:1111W11.at ne~o~apap~tr, ed an a dud ttod tort:101" ottlolal 

!n tbe C~at PAl't)', ad~laed on BoTa~r 21, 19$2, ~t 

~the Hlchlandor Polk SOhool W&a proc~at. (House of Repre.Select 

--' -~r::c-.rt to rnv Foundations and ether Organs; 100-7254-1084) 

On April 19, 19.,.9, Palll croaob, a ael1'-adldtted f'orm~jr me:abor o.t tbe CC)1Jll!lWllat PaJOt)', t'larn1abed \o tb1a 

BUrea11 a dgned abtament 1A wb1oh ~ doaor1bed Mflea 

Horton •• a lett ~ ~1al1at wbo wu alway• olo .. to 

tho Com:'Uillht Part)'. A.ooord1.ng \o th!a atatelQODt Borton 

1118t with o.ttiolala and repzo.aentat.lT .. o.t tbo CO!!r!!llllht par~ to dlecl& .. poliO)' and proced~ diU"lag tbl period trom 

1939 \o 19-+lJ aDd, •Teo though ba aboo~ed ao:ne 1DdependeDOe 

1n thouebt, Horton UWlll7 followed the Co=unla\ l'arb 

llDe. '!'be atat.!li&Dt contllwea that la 1941 Borton col&ld 

ban been deaor1bed •• a oloN a;rr.:spathlur aDd tollo-r o~ the C~at PAl'"J llDeJ and that bla w1te, Z7lph1a nYrton, wu nen eloNr to tho PariJ' than bel" maabaDd. A.ooo~!ng to Croacht a etat.-at, wlwll be laet .. w 

'Z)'lph1a Borton 1n 1941 abe wu .. J'1oul7 conatder!Jas 

jofnfng the commantat 1'~. ' 

( 100-10355-345) 

~· ' . 

COUlD'/ -' -~~ 
,. : 

Por Jour add1t1onal 1Dtormat1oo pleaae be 

advlaed that M7l•• Borton referred to above t••tltled ln 

pahllc •~aslon before tba Zonner C~~ttee on March 20, ltJS:;.. Yoa 1!tJA1 dedro to consult recor:ia ot thla COilll'llittee 

tor additional 1ntormat1oo CODCernin£ the a~bject of JOW' 

lnq~. (62-88217-1496) 

The t'oregolng lnt'orroatloa b t'lll"Il1abod to 7~ u 

• roalllt or yow- reqwaat tor an P'BI rue chock and h not 

to be construd •• a clearance or a nonclearanoe ot tba 1nd1T1d~l bNolnd. 'l'llla lntorn:atloo la tW'ftlabld tor 

JOW' wao and abol.lld not be d1 .. emtnatcd outdde ot JOW' 

-seooy. 

NOT~: Thumbnail Sketch re Highlander Folk school was chec~as up to date with organization Desk.Jnv.on school 

cc,nducted in 1941 - 1943 based upon numerous complaints 

racelved In Knoxville Office concerning Communist 

. ~ •.. 

activities at the school. Reports have never been disseminated 

and contain notes reflecting much of the subversive dero~atory information contained therein bas been 

repudiated by individuals previously furnishing · Information. No investigation bas been conducted 

concerning Mrs, MYles Horton. security - type 

investigation conducted on MYles Horton in 1942 and 1944 

ba!ed upon information reflec~tbat Horton may be a 

COil' IAL · 

. J- ·'. 

- ·'- .· . ' ,. . . ~. 

'· 

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". ·,, 

. "·'· ' 

,; ,~ •.. •• ~i.' < . / .. ·,:· ~t . 

... ''·~- ."'. -,.: c)·;;:sj~:-~~~~~~;:2;:;,~"~!~~J3i~;~;;T.i~fj~i~-/~fSt·~-''.-.-, __ : __ ,c.,-~-~.~~~-~t:::~~}~-\~' -~ -~-~:" . --· . 

• 

\ 

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-{ 

' ~" 1 

~---~: 

.. "·.-,·· ~~ 

. -,. '... " ·~ . 

COITllllWlist and that the Highlander Folk School was co!l1111W11st 

dominated. The investigation on Horton consists or 2 

Peports of the Knoxville Office, one dated 3-18-42 and the 

other dated 1-25-44. The latter report reflects that the 

investigation on Horton was closed in 1944 since no information had been reliably furnished,that he was interested 

or active 1n. CommWlist Party afflars in the Knoxville 

area, although a number of known commWlists and followers 

of the Party line were foWld to be interested 1n the 

Highlander Folk School. It 1s also noted tmat these 

reports have not been previously d1saem1nated and much 

of the subversive, derogatory information contained 

therein has been repudiated. 

. . __ , ... 

... . _ [' .. 

CONFIDE«L . ·. 

. ·- 4 YJ-A .. 

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. . ·. ·'.· 
4-750 (2-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thP fill'. One• or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) A __ 7P _____ . __________ with no segregable 

material available for releasP to you. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third partv with nn referPnce to you or the subject of your request 

D Information pertained only to a thirrl partY. Your JW!lH' is liste>d in the title only. 

l.J Document(s) originating with the following go\'Pmnwnt agPncv(jps) •-------------

----------- ·-- -·-- ·-- _. was/wc•rc· forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl' following g(J\'C•rnment agency(ies); 

-·-~------ a~. th(' infimnation originated with them. You will 

he advised of availability upon rPtun1 of Uw material tn the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following n·asonl' >. 

0 For your infonnation: 

X XXX XX 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<Sl X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
4-750 {2-7-7~) 

.. 

0 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

/ Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thc- file. One or more of the following statements, where 

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FBI/OOJ 
FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TINNISSII 

st 

ANNUAL REPORT 

OCTOBER 1. 19!52 - SEPTEMBER 30. 19!53 

"I feel that 110 one on the American 1cene I• 

makint a treater contribution to the builtliflt of 

tlemocrocy." 

-Richard C. Shi,mafl 

A ctiflt Pre~itlnt 

Mo•tanD Farmerl Uflion 
INTRODUCTION 

Since 1932 Highlander hu .erved u a year round 

educational center for rural and industrial community leaden 

and has contributed to the enrichment of the indigenous 

cultural v.aJues of the mountain region in which the achool 

is located. 

Our democratic purpote and the educational Deeds of 

the people have d~termined Highlander's approach. As 

unionism became a significant factor in the Jives of the 

mountain people, workers education and the training of local 

leaden for farm organiutions were given tpe:cial attention. 

We were able to educate the emerging leaden and broaden 

their concept of Jeadenhip to include rcsponsib,ilities as 

citizens. Students curied b.tck into their organizations concePts learned at Hi~hlander. wht:re their aroblem~ .and n1an' • "' ----, --- ~ ~-~-- ~--------- -··- r·-··· 

were freely discussed in the light of democratic principles. 

While the program lw never been limited to work 

with organizations, we felt that a portion of our time could 

L • ~ • • • • " • • • oe pronuoJy -JlCnl m aevetopmg teaaervup tor tne toc.u 

uniom and fum organi:aations in the South. Today many 

uniona are in a position to do much of their own training. 

Highlander can now make iu greatest contribution, even to 

the unions, by bringing together people from all walks of 

life for an eduational experience. 

Highlander has been emphasizing in recent yean education for community leaden and providing educational services 

only to organizations wher~ th~re ia a m;a~imum oppornm!ty 

for free and fruitful discussion. 

Our present emphaai1 i1 the mountain region which includes part of eight states and ha.s a tradition of independence 

that should provide a 10und hasis for free discussion and 

liberal education. 

The shift in emphasis which has been taking place i1 

reftected by a three year project for the training of com· 

mumty ;eaden, and by &hon resident achooh for iay community leaden. 

While we wilJ continue the extension program, it is in 

the resident schools and workshops that the mOlt cfl'ective 

education is carried on. The best education tai:ea piace when 

people can withdraw from the hustle and bustle of everyday 

life and get a new penpectivc. Highlander provides such 

an opportunity through a yeu around program of resident 

schools for community leaden and other adultL 

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RESIDENCE PROGRAM 

LABOR SCHOOLS 

lTnited Potc~inghouse Workers of America, CIO 

Sti!ff ~nd Officrr~ School 

F'ebru.ary 28 - March 6 

\Lo:ch 7 - M•rch 13 

Tennc£M>r CIO School 

En rol1 rnen t 51 

Enrollment 53 

June 21 - J•me 27 - Enrol"rnent 41 

lr::-rnatioml Union of Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers 

,:,ou thern ~til if School 

August 17 -August 22- Enrollment 18 

SPECiAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEETING , •• 

Inrcre'1cd indi\·iduah and represenutives of organiu-

:;_ .·:c ~·- ,::.~ nhich Highlander has Worked took patt in a 

F• -1,!:\e Council Meeting on April 27-28, called 

for the purpo~e of enl.uging the program. Out of this meet-

·' o "'''- t~ :rn:7l.cr w:::rkshops on tegregation in the public 

Kh·y-,l: 

su,,.~E"R WORKSHOPS ON "The Supreme Court 

[', ,_i,ior,s and the Public School• ••• 

; 1, •' JZ ~ August 8 Full •nd P•rt· Timt Enrollment 59 -·' ...,s_u~! 9- August IS Full •nd P•rt-Time Enrollment 33 

Th fi~5t workshop of four weeks was devoted to in· 

· . J~ of the problems of segr~gation and int~gration; 

r .l t

1 ·-· d· q·lopment of materials which might be useful in 

mecong thece problems. 

In the tcc:ond worhhop, ~nicipants analyz.td the 

rr.n .. nl1~ d~~·doped in prep~ring for wori: jn t.heir own 

~· •J •. , u1.j f.:,r diHribution. 

Ti-1-c t~\.J worhhops were o~ttend~d by .a touJ of 71 

; ' ~· "' : of whom were Southern community leaden 

~ HJ.tes. SJme were enrolled in both workshops. 

't-"'"u' mcluded ministers, farmen, industrial workers, 

cullq·~ and high Kh'X>l teachers and students, YWCA ~ecre­

"ch:r education Jc.aders .and members. of interraci.al, 

:..•l:'lJ.I ~nd ci\·ic organi:utions. 

1 ht:: ~ori•hops were direcred by P.auJ lknnen, a former 

.\,.~;o:n,. high khool teacher on the Highlander aufl' for the 

wm:net. 

~ 1-"~; of $5,000 from the Field Foundation 

1 '" c 11 tv -od·~t to brmg in discussion leaden and provide 

"'··.v' ,;.r;,L, ip& for community leaden. 

{ M'Ye detailed repon on request.) 

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I \ 

,, 

I ' 

CONI'ERENCES • 

Informal week end conferences were held throughout 

the year for m1all groups of Tenneuee Farmen Union 

representatives, church, labor, and c:omm'unity leaden. 

SEMINARS 

College Groups: 

Dr. Morris Mitchell and students from Putney Graduate 

School of Teacher Educ.ation, Putney, Vermont, studied 

Highlander educ.ational methods. 

Profesapr Robert: Freedman and Jtudenu from Colgate 

Uni,·crsity, Hamilton, New York, studied the various High· 

lander programs. 

Students from St. Luke's Theologic.a1 Seminary, Sewanee, 

Tennessee, took p.nt in the rammer worbhop5. 

COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP TRAINING PRO~ECT 

The purpose of this project is to work out methods for 

training lay community leaden. They are t=> be civen a 

better understanding of the nature of a dtmocratic .x-iety 

and the individual'• role as a citizen. 

Potential leaders will be selected from demonrtration 

communities and gi\·en help in stimulating interest and in 

leading discussion on issues and problems dl'ecting the com· 

munity. Th~ training wil1 be given at Highlander and in 

the communities. This project has been made possible by a 

three year grant from the Schwan.haupt Foundation. 

The Community Leadenhjp Training Project was 

launched by a study of the region and of the potentialitie~ 

for the kind of program envisioned. After considerable study 

it was decided that the director of the school would train 

a amall staff who would then work in demonstration 

communities. 

The people being comidered for the training &tafl' were 

brought into the planning session of the summer worblups 

and iater used as assistants. They took pan jn staii meetings 

throughout the five weeks of the workshops on integration 

in the public Khools, Following these workshops, an evalu.t· 

tion was made of the methods oiCd and their re)ev.ance to 

the community leadership program. 

As a means of pro,·iding further tralnmg, plans were 

made for them to take charge of weekly community and 

Highlander aufl' discussions on Human Freedom. 

_,_ 
• I 

r 

I 

In .addition, a number of community leaders, includinz 

an entire family. were brought into the worbhops in the 

hope of de\·eloping their interest in the project. 

Finally, three people were selected for more intcrui•c 

tr.aining; one from Monteagle; another a new st.afr mem~r 

·who had expuirnce in church work; and a member of 1he 

Highl.ander FiJm Center naif. We ue c.rperimenting .-ith 

fre~>h appro•ches to community Je.1dership training, and "'·ith 

t.lH: use of visual :ids :s :n integu! p~rt of L~e Je-adershir 

training program. 

!)Jan~ have been worked out for a Khool for the training staff. 

FILI!Wt CENTER 

Of 5pecial significance was the development of lilm 

strip, diJcctcd to audier.cr p.uticjpation. Called in as a 

o:-nn•··l·~..,f '"-)· '""" ~t;~'" ('10. ~ film 'trip "When the l'nion 

Comes In" was made and its usc demonstrated. In deman· 

<~t·~·;.-.,:. ~·~nugh Jig~t w:"'" Jdt on during the pcrformJnce 

for the discussion leader to sc:c his audience. Without the 

~,, -:,~ ' <~·red $C;ipt. tLe leader told a story of the union 

in f-i~ nwn words. Ceru!n pictures were designed to e\·okc 

~uji~nce reaction and di&c'.lasion, there being no end title; 

the di5-russion was not broken off at the end of the film nrip. 

This appr,oach was used by another anion in a film strip 

,,.nt'~. "One Comp.1ny) One Union! One Contract.'' 

Other 6Jm strip5 produced: 

"Help Democucy Grow,"-for Highlander; 

"High Cost of Scgrcg.1tion,"-growing out Of the 

summer workshops; 

"An .-\.t!anu Hou~ing Story,"-for the Adant~ Urban 

League. 

A at.:it3 of &iide tequcncei are being produced for the 

L• ... ;, .. , ,.._,r,J.i l...id1es Garment \Vorken Union, AFL, te1ling 

' ... -. ''-'•.1 .... u·1c: .:tue' llUiJOI.J, the health and welfare program, 

and the education~] program. 

Thn·~ tclcvi!ion <:amen trammg 6lm strips were pro--

d:.:r(;d, The FiJm Center .uH tr.1ined discuuion Juden in 

th~ u~ o! vis~al& in addition ta producing 6Jm strips, 

photographs and charts. 

UNITARIAN SERVICE CAMP 

The Service Camp program provided an opportunity 

for t~~n :!gtrs to share in ror.nructive work in an .atm01phere 

r:.-f CtlCper.~:jvc Hvh,,g .111d freedom of di.cu•ion. 

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' } 

The c:ampen mined the main building, rep.airinc and 

rain1ing the ICreenS and windOWS and r.ep.ai~ing the roof. 

A !aLe: spillw.ay wa.s cleared out and a IWtmanng area roped 

off. The: Jibrary was put in order. 

The compen took pan in the workohops and community 

mrdings, in addition to diKUsaion programs of their own. 

Field trip~ were made to Fiak Univenity, Fontana Dam, 

:nJ Cherokee) N. C. 

One camper uid, 11By this mmmer'l experience, we 

hJ\C: learned to live together and Jc.arned to work rogether. 

Wl did thi' by helpihg other people fint and not oanelvcs." 

Harold and Daphne Hognrom, camp directors, werr 

1 --i·tcd by Byron and Ethel Kclh.am. As staff advitor, Mort 

t .ur~. planned the work and a tcries of discussions on the 

~Juth led by Highl.ander staff and visiton. 

LIBRARY .. 

Boob and research materials on segregation, which were 

u·cd during the tummer workshops, have been added to the 

H ury Lasker M cmorial Library. 

P'AI'IM ••• 

Additional pasture land was cleartd and a winter storage 

hou:e bui· t as a part of a year ruund howe grown food 

program. Mort hues naned an irrigated •egeuble aarden 

which supplied food throughout the llllDlmer. Surphu •egeublcs were canned and nored. 

Occ..a,ional 6sh were provided by the Highlander lake. 

NEWSTAI"I" ••• 

Mort and Ann Isaacs joined the su.tf in November, 

1932. Mort is from Helena, Arkansas, Ann from Newfoundland, Canada. The haao came to Highlander from 

Wichiu, Kansas. 

Paul Bennet, on the lUff for the summer, 6nt amc 

to Highlander as a student at a Farmen Union School. He 

is doing guduate work at Hownd Univenity. 

Student aaisunts were: 

Barbara Shipherd, Antioch Coiicge 

Mikii Fowlkn, Univenity of Arkansas 

. .Annajean Sberm.., UniTenity of Alaab 

Ellen Beecher, Antioch Collep 

-'7-
COMMUNITY PROGRAM 

OLD FOLKS DAY . . 

Highlander instituted a }>('riodic "Old Timers Dav.'' 

All people in the community over 65 are brought to ~c: 

school for a big meal and then left alone to swap 1torie~, 

fish, or ~e what is going on at the ~ehool. 

NURSERY SCHOOL. ••. 

joanna Wiiiimetz, Nursery Schooi Director, is on the 

Kindergarten Advisory Committee of the Association of 

........ ....:)lu:::..d Education, lntcmation.al. 

The annual Christmas party was gi,·en at the Summer· 

field grammar schooi for aii the ommunity chiidren. 

COMMUNITY MEETINGS • 

A picnic honoring Dr. Lilian Johnson, formerly of 

I .. icrnphi~ and donator of the original Highlander building~: 

Wl:: attended by ~venty-five people from the c:>mmunity 

...... c.::;u:1 :y. 

Ash~ De,·i Aryanayakam of the Basic Educati:>n School 

!11 St-nPram. e>- ---, ------, India . .and 

---- 2 - d~l~P2tt" ----c--- to -- th~ --- Social - w~lf.arr: ------

Co:r:mis5iOn of the United Nations, spoke at a community 

mteting. The Se\·agram Khool was established by Mahatma 

Ghomdi. She wrote she was .,deeply inspired" by her visit 

•nd that she would m1ke her home at Highlander if 1he 

l j, ed in America. 

G:Juri Bo:.e of India, 1 ltudent at Tulane Un_iversity, 

spoke at the Summerfield Grammar Scho:Jl. 

Dc\"ina Del Cnmcn, Ozamis City, Phillipines, showed 

~-!;·Je~ •nd ~poke at a community meeting. 

Cipriano Malonzo, President of the Federation of Labor, 

~mboan,g•. Phillipines, spoke at the Summerfield Grammar 

.;-~~'Oi. 

Mio;.s Carmen and Mr. Malonz.o were students of former 

Highlander ruB' member, Frances Thompeon at Silliman 

rni·•rr~ity, Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Phillipine Islands. 

:r-..:,jofuw Hirai, i Shinto priest {rom Japan i Gunttr 

Weinert, Berlin, Germany, here under the au!pice! of the 

work·study Training Productivity Program; and Profess:>r 

R. H. Kin-vig, University of Birmingham, England, visited 

uit" k.Ilv-..1 and community. 

The Community Building was used for Summerfield 

Co-op M«tingo, oquare chnceo and other neighborhood 

gatherings. 

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• 

EXTENSION PROGRAM 

,.AIOM AND LABOR CON,.ERIENCIES ••• 

CIO Educational Conference, Denver, Colorado, 

febroary. 

Myles Horton gave introductory addreu and taught 

ste-ward claa. 

Louisiana and Texas Sugar Worken Schools, Raceland 

and New Orleans, Febnu.ry. 

The two one week ochooh were run by Mylco Horton 

for the U.P.W.A. Zilphia Honan uught and led tinging . 

Montani Farmen Unbn School, Great FaHa, Montana, 

January !!-HL 

Zilphia Honon conducted a clau in folk 10ngs and 

My~es Horton a class in community leadenhip. 

UNITED I"ACKtNGHOUSE WORKIERS 0,. AMIERtCA 

EDUCATIONAL PROCiRAM ••• 

Highlander amtinued to provide dircctbn for the 

UPWA'• educational department until April, 1953. 

The main emphasis was on the development of educational or discussion leaden from the union nnb. Fony-four 

additional educational leaden were trained. (October 1952 

through March 1953). A majority of these YOianury 

leaden amducted rteward uaining cla~~es in their own locah 

and led discussions on current i•ues. Without 10me such 

tyJtem of voluntary discussion leaden, full time union 

educators will continue to be tied down to newud training. 

In addition to developing the local discusshn leaders, 

! number of Khoob and ronfcrcnc-es were run by the UPW A 

education represenutives. 

Two ochooh were held at High1ander for the officials 

and UPW A ouff . 

A Steward Training Manual (second section), a Hand· 

book for DiKusaion Lc.tdcn, and a Resume of Procedures 

for Instructor Training were put out by the Educational 

Department. 

In an anide, •"The iDrip; Theory in Labor \Jnaons 

in the 195 3 Spring iauc of ANnOCH REVIEW, Kermit Eby 

Uf1: "MiJct Horton of the CIO United Packinghouse Worken of America lw already introduced 10mething 'new' in 

the 6eJd of worker education. His educational program 

usumes that men living with men in a union have common 

c:onccrDL Dilcwoioo of theoc problem......, diKD"ion led by 

the workcn them.eh-et--mova from wages to contract, to 
I 

srew.1rd~hip, .md rhi~ to the relation bttwccn officiah and local 

mem~rship) between iocais and the nationai and int~rnati::mal office~. ]\'o outsi-de experts u< ,.,JJed in to impreu 

the class with their status. Skill and knowledge emerge as 

worker~ study their own contract, its prov1510ns, the Iocai 

politic.1l nructure and other union interests. 

"Some of the p:>litical heads in the United Packinghouse 'WorLcn of America are protesting the work Horton's 

education:~) progr~m is doing becau!W! it means that the pat 

answers which these urne politicos hand the rank and file 

no longer suffice. Horton emph.asius wh.at he c.alJs the 

·j'':": · · ',, _,,• ;,;,iL; thJ.n the 'drip' system of educationide;~~ perking up from the rank and file rather than dripping 

down from the top. Horton's program differs basically {rom 

other more conventional methods in labor education because 

of its emphasis on de\·cloping le;~dership from the nnk and 

file, and because it ernphasilles discussion topics ch06Cn by 

the workers nther than topics written on the blackboards 

by suff mcmben.." 

(More de-t.,lled report on request.) 

CONFERENCES ATTENDED ••• 

Highhnd!'r staff mem~n attended the NAACP Confer· 

encc, Cha!tiinoog:~; Spring Educ.ation.aJ Conference, Chicago; 

Conferenc-e on Youth and Racial Unity Thru Educational 

Oppot!u:litic~, Columbia, S. C.; Race Relations lnsticute, 

Fi~k Unin:rsit;o, l'\a~h\·ille; S:Juthern Regional Council for 

Childrrr. Under Six, Daytona Beach, F:orida. 

PUBLICITY 

,a,RT iCL.ES about High/antler appeurini in 1953: 

Mol"TA~A fARMERS u~ION NEws, Janu.ary 28 

l'\ATJOSAL LlNIO'S FARMER, January-February 

THE DL-...:vER POST, February 7 

.,.._ ::::-, :r :~'~~;'::>us m~gaz.ine publilhed in Nashville, Tenn., in the February iaue had as its prime 

exhibit for ((Brotherhood Week", an utide about 

Highlander. 

PRocRE~IV.E ARcHlTECTURE, February 

RocKY MoUNTAIN NEws, February 7 

THE PACKINGHoUSE WoR&::ER1 M-arch 

L:1:. A"'GELE~ St:NDAY NEws, ApriJ 5 

THE SAN Fa..\NCUco CHRONICLE, April 8 

THF SAN Fu~c•seo NEw., April 8 

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THE DAILY NEws, Los A:NGELES-, April 9, an ed.itoria1, 

;;Fear of Lo.ing Statu• Breeds Race Haitcd" •nd ifi 

article, "Meet Mr. Southerner, new style; fights 

~egregation." 

THE AMERICAN TEACHER, April 

THE ANTIOCH REYJEW, Spring l•ue 

THE WJLMINCTON Mo•NINC NEws, May 12 

THE Suw REPORTER, SAN FkANCisco, May 23, J. Maceo 

Green's Column, .. 'The Weekly Report.'' 

DISTRICT J BLAD:E, UPWA, May 

THE PACX:INGHOUSE WoRJCER, June 

CIO NEws, july 13 

ADULT LEADERSHIP, July·August 

FuRNITURE WoRK:ERs' PRESS, July·August 

RADIO • 

The Highlander director was inten·iewcd by Chet 

Huntley, ABC, Lo• Angeles; by Leslie Claypool, KFWB, 

Los Angeles; and by Rabert Schultz, KPFA, Berkeley, iu 

August. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

SUMMARY •• 

Highlander ended the fiscal year with an operating 

lund of $12,859.98 and a $5,000 reserve fund. Income 

was $59,220.47. Exp<nditures were $54,524.96. (Detailed 

fin:mcial statement on request.) 

J J -· 
A GUIDE 

TO 

COMMUNITY 

ACTION 

for Public School Integration 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 
CONTENTS 

WORKING TOWARD PUBLIC SCHOOL 

INTEGRATION • . . . . . . . . . 

THE BEGINNING GROUP .• 

THE .JOINT COMMITTEE 

Who Are Its Mem6ers1 , 

How Does It p,,,:tio•1 • 

SUGGE:S'fED LINES OF ACTION 

Get the FDcts • • • 

VnderstDnd the BoDrd of EdMcDtion 

Work For A Better BoDrd of Ed,.catio, 

WHAT TO SAY TO SCHOOL 

BOARD • • • • . . . . . . . . . 

• • !5 

• • !5 

6 

6 

6 

. 6 

8 

8 

8 

8 

. . 8 

BUILDING PUBLIC SUPPORT • . . . . . • 10 

~>~;- t. 

.:_ ... ~ ,7..._':"-· ..!;: . 

~~ii~-.r·:-r .. • ~· .c_";· - ~ 

.. -· . .. ~::~;~ !_$. 

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• : .... - ;., "'""'= 
• 

·A GUIDE TO 

COMMUNITY ACTION 

WORKING TOWARD PUBLIC SCHOOL 

INTEGRATION 

The Supreme Court baa directed that a "prompt and r 

able otart" be made to eliminate all aegreption in 

Scboolo. Since local city and county ochool aulborti 

primarily reoponoible, intereoted citizeno and comr 

groupo obould find out what plano are bein& made f 

oegregation. If there are no plano or if ~ are u 

factory plano you may find that oomo of theae ouageatic

group action can be adapted to your oituatioq. All are 

on actual experience• of community groupo in tho So

THE BEGINNING GROUP 

A email group of people wbo are oerioualy concernod 

workin& for public ochool doaegregation ..-11 infonno 

oomeone'o home. There may be u few u two ~ 

many ao oix or eight wbo otarl the original &roup. It i

deoirable that thio be an integrated group, but if thio 

posoible, olart with what you have. Plan to inte .... t

group •• quickly ao posoible. The group will begin to e 

itoelf by drawing in other intereoted individual•. E 

memben must meet fairly regularly to carry tho con

of the program decided upon. 

It io likely that oome of the people in the group will be 

bora of organizations ouch ao Parent-Teacher Aoooc

League of Women Voters, United Chu"·'l Women, N

A .. oci••tion For tl e Advancement of C•·l u·ed People, 

Womc~-·!J Ch!'"i!ftii '1 Association and fq,· Southern F.

Counc;L In ·o •ll comtnuniri.:s there ~·., 1 be Sf!V•.!ral 

org~;tni. Jlion·; \\ .i. 1 are p·.~bJ;dy comn· ~~~ J t() ;U''~\)Or 

Jcscgn -~.tf.\)1 

The ob cct h1 tb 

organ!, ttiL'""~ i• 

tion. 1 ,c L~ ,g 

to WVI i f0\"1If 

•up ;~ IU fd the t•·.~~·· .cd iiLPi•Or! 

) ~ V:llfi•'U~ -'~it..'i~j !ea( 1 ,, 1, ltl\V ~;_j de: 

f W ~·r. -~n ""or era, f .~hu '~'-• m~ 

.reugt' o:l\af1~ !i!Chool 't 'Utl'e" h.wa 
• 

teec:her inte&ration will not nwan lou of jobe for qualified 

teacben of any race or llOlor. The PTA may agree to aup. 

\ port interracial aeminara and diacuaaion &roupa for leacbcn 

10 belter prepare lhem for underalanding each other and for 

handling mixed claaaea of children. Tbe NAACP may feel 

that ill job ia 10 develop beuer undentanding among ill own 

memben aa well aa to - to it lhat lhe local achool board 

doea not evade ita legal reaponaibilitiea. Aa aoon aa you have 

lhree or four auch organization• agreeing to work on prob. 

lema related to ochool deaegregation your &roup io ready to 

form a Joint Committee. 

THE JOINT COMMITTEE 

The term ''Joint Commiltee" io one which waa developed out 

of lhe experience of citizen groupo working over a period of 

yean in auch placea ao WaahingiOn, D. C., and Knoxville, 

Tennea-, and io uaed hero lo deacribe lhio l)'pe of COIRmunity activity • 

WJuu Is Its Purpose? 

To bring about prompt and orderly deaegregation of public 

ochoolo lhrough maximum aupporl from exialing community 

orpni:zationa. 

To otimulate cooperation among all groupo for lhe continued 

improvement of the public ochool oyalem before, during and 

after the lranaition period. 

Who Are Its Members? 

A Joint Commiuee consiats for the moat part of people who 

are actjve members of a wide variety of community organi· 

zations 1uch aa churche1, union•. League of Women Voten, 

NAACP, PTA, Urban League and Civic Cluba. In addition 

tbere may be individual membera who can contribute actively to lhe planning and work of the .Joint Committee even 

!hough lhey do not represent an organization. Just a' the 

original informal group starts with a few people, the Joint 

Committee can start with the support of only a few organi· 

zationa and add to its membership as it goeo along. 

How Does It Functio11? 

The Joint Committee works as a fact·n. •ding and edu<'lll<unal 

group, offering serviet:s, acting as a de;1ring house for iufor· 

-o1 

1 

I 

mation and dnwint up apecific 11a1emen11 and plua for • 

lioo 10 be aubmitted to participaW., organizatiou. It iuu 

no alalemenll, -ka no publicity and takea no action in 

own name. It doea not attempt 10 take away power or pro 

tige from exioting organizationa but rather ia aet up to c 

ordinate and aupplement lheir ellorll. 

Joint Committee memben from exiating orpnizati0

ohould be apecilically autborized 10 repreaent their orpniz

tiona. It ahould be made very clear, however, that organiz

tiona do not commit lhemaelv• 10 any policy or oourae 

action by deoignating a member to repreaent tbem on 

Joint Committee. They may decide to endorae or act up

aome of lhe Joint Committee'• recommendationa and to 

ject olhera. 

Once a atatement of policy or a plan of action haa been 

cided upon by the Joint Commiuee, copiea of the pro

plan ahould be mailed to each member. He in turn ia 

aponoible for preaenting it to hia organization for conaide

lion. 

A deadline ahould be aet for the organizationa to llrl'ive •

deciaion on the propooal and to reply to the aecrolary of 

Joint Committee. The aecrelar)' lhen iuuea a alate.

eigned not by individual• but in lhe name of all orpnizatio

which have given approval. 

When peraonal action i• to be taken by membera of tho Jo

Committee, auch a• a conference with acbool board me

ber, each person speaks 111 an individual or aa a reprea

tative of his own organization, not aa a Joint Commit

member. 

Most Joint Commilleeo will naturally have u lew energet

devoted penona who att .'nd ntost of the meetina!l and a1au

reoponoibility for rnakin( plana; olhera will auend meeti

when subjects of opecial intereat are discuued. Thia sho

not prevent the Joint Ct nmiuee from working and p)ann

ahead, on the basis G f r !&jorit;.· aJI_rf~ment &~nong memb

prt::;ent. On the mhc! h .nd, )eS~~i active memher-~ shouJd 

be flt:'rmilted :o f11~~ b 1 .e Wa)<~.ide. Notify .:~. mtnubcrs 

Joint Com•nittee mee1 1n. ·~ by JX.·~r c-ard or teL. I none. Larg

groupe may !if;;'ncl O•Jt .a •i•nple HewtJieHer, ,,; ·~opie ... ,A 

---7-
• 

_i..,'o minua. to all ic. members. But every effort 

abould be made to keep in cloeo penonal contact with all the 

m-n.,.rs, by viaic. or phone call. 

Be on the lookout for more orpnizationa to participate in the 

Joint Committee. You abould draw leadenhip to abare in 

the plann;.., and carryi.._ out of the work from u many orpnizationa aa po11ible. Aa new members join the group, 

plan aome job that they can perform. Encourage them to 

uoume reaponaibility, and to uae their own methode and 

ideaa. 

SUGGESTED LINES OF ACTION 

Some of the following 111Ueotiona can be uaed by the informal bqinni.._ group 111 well u by the Joint CommittM. 

Get the Facts 

A good fint otep lor your committee io to get the facti on 

acboolo in your community. Vioit cluoroomo, talk with 

teacben, atudenta and parenw about aanitation, beating and 

lire protection. Find out bow large the cla11eo are and 

whether acbool buaea are overcrowded. Present theae facts 

to your city or county official• and to members of your board 

of education. Give comparative figurea between white and 

Negro acboola. Explain bow both white and Negro children 

auffer becauae of segregation. Point out the costliness of a 

dual system in Ierma of quality of education ao well ao aize 

of school budget and ask the achool board to consider the 

poycbological disadvantagea of segregation to all children. 

Understa11d the Boord of Educatior~ 

Who are its members? What are the factions? Who are 

the most aympathetic members and to what degree? What ia 

the relationship between the board and the auperintendent? 

Find and use the means available for contact with the board 

in order to keep informed and to let them know that citizens 

are interested. Attend board meetings. Find out what the 

rules are about citizens speaking at board meetings and coa· 

aider how you may effectively use the pr vilege. Make r•·· 

pea ted personal visits and contacts witt board member 1. 

Make oral presentations and write letter· to the bo~trd. 

-8-

Work for A Better Board of Education 

If your board members are elected, organize a olate of can• 

didatea whom you feel can do the beat job. If the l>oard ia 

appointed, work with the appointing agent and bri.._ public 

preaaure to bear. You need people of integrity who are in• 

tereoted in acbool problema. It ia very important to have 

Negro repreaenwtion if you are to plan intelligently for the 

integration of racea. Active citizen eupport at the polla io 

eaaential if·you are to have good acbool board offici•!• 

WHAT TO SAY TO SCHOOL BOARD 

Make aome or all of the following auggeationa to your acbool 

board. Be ftexible and ready to ~e your emphaoio u the 

aituation develope. 

Submit to the board, for iw adoption, a otatcment of buio 

policiea wbicb obould govern deaegregation plana. Tbc atetement abould apecify that both pupil aaaignment and all per• 

aonnel management ahould be carried out without regard to 

race. (Highlander workabop atetement available). 

Gather information on the mechanico of oucceaaful deaegreo 

gation in other areal and aharc your find;..,~ with the board 

members. 

Present facto on teacher loada, number of ahifta, travel time 

and diotancea to abow that aome children are be;.., dieeriuh 

inated againaL 

Arrange workahopa or aeminan for public ecbool teacben 

where they may work together in aeeing the role of teachero 

in an integrated school ayotem and the reoponoibility of the 

leacber in affecting altitudes. Work thia out with acbool 

officials and secure their cooperation. Assistance can be 

secured from human relatione agencies and from colleg• 

and universities. 

In some communitiea lay groupe, or citizens' adviaory com· 

mitlees, are being appointed by the hoard of education. We 

recommend that such coo nmittees be interracial and that they 

inClude no one who is a 'yes-man", or whose job or financial 

security might be plac<!< in jeopardy as a resuli of the com-

_mluee's actions. AU n ·mben should be C1Jmmitted to ac• 

t::omplis.hing -.lcscgn~g<Jti, ·1 in a!ll prompt and ilrd--rly a mar1• 

qcr as pos!o.tble. C, ~i:;, .:ns' udvJ:Mry comP · ee ;nt:etlngs 

-9-
~ 

abould be open to the public and in-ted people and or· 

pnization1 abould be invited to participete. A citizen•' 

committee can help to take preo1uro off the ochool board and 

permit it to act more con~tructively. It may help in gainin' 

public undentandm, and acceptance of the deoe~•ation 

plan. 

Cooperate with agenci01 oucb ao NAACP when the 1chool 

board io bein' petitioned by perento to admit Ne~ cbildren 

or when legal action io -•ary. 

Work with non·adminiotrative organization• concerned with 

ocbool policy and educational excellence. PT A'• ohould be 

urged to meet together interracially even if immediate organ· 

izational merging io imposaible. State and local color ban 

abould be removed and PTA organization• integrated all the 

way up, Promote integration of teachers' activities and profOiaional aooociationo. (Future T eacbera of America, Na• 

tiona! Education Aloociation, etc.) 

BUILDING PUBLIC SUPPORT 

Some ouUested ideal to otreso are: 

"Wo have a reoponoibility to implement the Supreme Court 

deciaion.." 

"We can have a better ochool oyotem after we integrate." 

"Experience ohowo that deoegregation ia a feaoible and con• 

atructive experience.•• 

"We cannot oolve these oevere problem• without dese~ega• 

tion." 

"Deoegregation io more effectively accompliohed in a single 

otep than in a oeriea of oteps with delayo in between." 

Be willing to change the emphaaio of your mesoage as devel· 

opmento occur. Work with the press. Encourage emphaoia 

on school news. Get to know tbe reporters who will have 

the most to do with school news. You can often give them 

leada to information which will help ther:, to get good atorieo. 

Talk with editors and editorial writers. haue preoa releaoea 

on action you have a~d upon. 

-10-

Radio and TV otationo will ,;vo oome free tU... for proP'! 

in the public in-t. lnterpretationl of the me&nm, of 

court decioion, the otory of local ochool oonditionl, rep 

on the experience of deoegregation, diacuuiORI by otudo 

themoelveo-tbeae and other ideaa wbicb you will have 

make excellent program•. Diocu11iono of inte~ation can 

included in pro~am• on human relation•, mental beeltb, , 

child developmenL 

Help other ~upo 6nd opeakera and materialo. Oft'er 

come to their meetinp to make a report on what )'0\1 

dom,. 

Build a mailing liot of intereoted persona includm, leadero 

organization~, minioten, and other active people. You c 

oend out reporto of projecta, facta about the ochoolo, and 

nouncemenll of any meetinp to whicb the public io invit 

You may want to oend out a regular bulletin or newolett 

or diotribute important printed material. 

Select projec11 wbicb you are able to do. Do not expect d 

you can do all of theae thingo at once or that all will 

equally effective. Uoe the talent you have and the cbanp

available to you. 

In anticipation of the 1954 Supreme Court rutin• on Pub

Scboola, Highlander planned early in 1953 a oeries of workabo 

to develop plano for an orderly trenoition from oe~pted 

integrated ocboolo. 

A "Guide To Action" waa 6rot drafted by parenll, teache

clergymen, industrial workers and farmers who gathered 

Highlander for a 6ve weeka workshop during the aummer of 19

Experiences reported at aimilar wonbops in 1954 and 1955 ha

been incorporated in thio nvised edition of a "Guide To Actio

Each suggestion is based on metliOdo that have demonotrated th

value in one or more Soutt ern c:ommunitiea. 

These workshopo have been made pouible by individual con

butions and by granto from the Field Foundation, Inc. 

HI< ;HLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

October I, 1955 

-11-
HIGHLANDER 

Highlander Folk School, chartered in 

1932 for "adult education, the training of 

rural and induotrial leadero and general 

academic education", keepo open bouae 

in the Tenneuee mountain• for people 

and ideao. Adulto, without referenoe to 

color, religion, acbooling or economic 

atatuo gather here throughout the year. 

Student• and teacbero Jive informally in 

half a dozen bouoeo around • lake. Here 

they atud)', discuu and plan bow beat to 

meet the challenging aocial, educational 

and economic problemo confronting individuals and communitiea in the South. 

.... 

' 
[p u -JE) l. ~ ((: 

S lP ~ fo\ ~~ {NJCG 

Everyone is a "Public Speaker. 11 

Public Speaking is just a big name for getting up on your feet and telling 

people what you think. Most of us feel at home when we sit around a te.ble 

and talk to our friends and try .to convince them. But whan we stand up, we 

get nervous or scared. Everyone feels the same when he gives a speech, even 

the high-powered orators who seem so sure of thamselves. JUst ask one of them 

and see what he says. 

There are 4 good ways to get rid of that "scared" feeling: 

1. Know what you want to say. 

2. Ec sincere. 

3. Remember that the people you're talking 

to are your friends - good union people -

so just relax. 

4. Practice. 

A. Presentation of Sre~~h 

The best way to learn to speak well is to speak oftan. There 1s no substitute 

for· ::,,.e,c tic e. But ti1ere e.re a few principles that should be kept in mind because they'll help you m improve your speech and get your point across. 

}, Look at cve~on~. 

Unless you lcok c.t everyone, some people are going to lose interest -

they'll feel that you're not talking to them. You've seen speakers who 

fasten their eyer, C'l poor Joe in the front row. This just makes Joe 

uncomforta'::lle, c1:d me.kes the rest of the people feel that they 1ve bean 

forgotten and shouldn't re:J.lly be there, that the speaker is having a 

private con7ersation with Joe. 

And than there are speakers who will talk to the ceiling or the floor, 

or to the tre~s .:lild buildings outside, ··or to one section of the 

audience. You 1va f;3en spe:J.kers like that. And do you remember what 

your reaction l'as? You started thinking of something else and didn't 

hear wha'.; th:l S;JZe.ker was saying. Or, if the speaker became interNted 

in some noise, O!" passing car, you did too - and forgot what he was 

saying. 

The sa"lle thing will happen to your audience unless you look at ill of 

them and m'lke thom feel that you have something important to sey to 

each and ever"'J one of the:n, 
2. Sta.nd erect. 

You want to make your audience have confidence in you, make them 

listen to every word you have to say. But they won't do that if you 

have to lean on something for support, or if you stand like this Q 

or like tl""ds 

1\~ 

/L 

Stand up. Show them that you believe what you're sa;ying am they'll 

oetieve you. 

3. Don •t rush. 

Remember to speak slowly enough eo that everyone can hear all your words 

~...-.1 ·,;0!1 't get just a jumble of sotulde~; The lArger a mom is, the longer 

it takes your words to reach all the people - so don't run your words 

:2~ .~~.her- so tOO. t they sound like this: 

Rrothersandsistersithinkpoliticalactionisimportant. 

~~Pak slowly, clearly, distinctly. 

k,,, variety and emphasis. 

;)un 't speak in a monotone so that you sound like a motor droning on 

2:d:Ceosly. Your audience will be bored, and so 'WOUld you if you 

could hear yourself. 

Don't say: "Brothers and Sisters, we must all vote." 

SAY: 

-•' <'-- 'IYt"\1, • • - ~ ..... :;J " •• J\.4 

. ' - ···r-·--... ... Q,ll v. 

"Brothers arrl Sisters, .lll§ must all E.B.'" 

uss emphasis, everyt.l-ting in your speech will seem equal~ 

Stress the points you want your audience to remember. 

Ar.d don •t always speak at the same speed. If you have s omethi~ to 

aey that you especially want everyone to hear, slow up just before it. 

Yo,~r audience will be curious; they 111 be waiting anxiously for your 

next word. 

-2-
5. Use your arms. 

Your audience didn't come to see a statue - they came to see people 

and hear people speak. If you staD:i like this when you say, 

0 

(\\ 

j\. 

"Let 1s get out and see that everyone votes, n people aren 1t likely to 

have much enthusiasm. But if you use your arms, like this 

they'll know you really mean it. 

+ )\ 

Hands and arms, when used naturally, will add greatly to the effectiveness of your speech. But don't force it. Unless your gestures are 

r:avm:al, they 111 look funny. So wait until you have confidence in 

yourself and can relax. Then you '11 find it easy 'to use your arms 

and hands. 

6. No mannerisms. 

If you usuall:v rub your ear, or drum on a table, or play with your 

watch, or scratch your head; or tvist a pencil :.. DON-1T.- Yo1l:' audience 

will become so interested in your performance that they won't hear 

what you have to say. 

B. Content of Speech 

J.raa t are you going to say to your audience? How are you going to sey it? 

Tr·"re are some principles here too that will help you to make an effective 

speech, 

l. Think of_x_our audience. 

Suppose your subject is "Political Action and the CIO. n Would you 

give the same speech to the Chamber of Commerce, your own union, the 

Parent-Teachers Association, a church group, some college professors? 

If you did, your speech wouldn't be very successful. You must vary 

your emphasis, 'I>Ords and material for each group. 

Rlwa.vs think car fully of who your audience will be before you prepare 

" speech. 

2. Decide 011. ::t:our main idea. 

Don 1t ever have too many ideas in one speech - people just won 1t remember them. If you 1re the best of speakers, they're liable to remember 

two ideas. If you're not, they 111 remember one - if your speech is 

good, So if you have lots of ideas, save them for another time. 

-3-
-~--------------

And don't be afraid of repeating your main idea too often - say it at 

the beginning, say it in the middle of your speech, and say it at the 

end. That way, people will be mre likely to remember it. 

3. Make an outline. 

Now that you've decided what you're going to tc.lk about and the main 

idea you want to get across, make an outline. 

An outline sounds like something unfamiliar - but it isn't. We ell 

make mental outlines every time we talk. It 1s just getting things we 

want to say in order, so that they will convince the people we're 

talking to. 

But if you 1re making a speech an:l want to make sure that you remember 

what you 1re going to say, write the outline on a card or a slip of 

paper so that you can glance at it. 

This leaflet is in outline form. If you wanted to uae this leaflet as 

the basis for a speech - you could write it on a card in this way: 

Subject - Public Speaking 

Main Idea - Everyone can speak if he remembers 

a few simple principles and practices them. 

A. Presentation of Speech 

1. look at everyone 

2. Stan:! erect 

3. Don't ruah 

4. Use variety and emphasis 

5. Use your arms 

6, No mannerisms 

B. Content of Speech 

1. Think of your audience 

2. Decide on your main idea 

3. Make an outline 

4. Don 1t memorize your speech 

5. Work on opening and closing sentences 

6. Use stories, facts and figures 

7. Be brief 

This same thing can be done with acy subject you choose. 

4• uon't memorize your speech. 

Don't think that you'll forget what you want to say if you don't memorize 

your speech. You have an outline on a card which will help you remember. 

Use your outline- don't write the speech out. 

-4-
' 

There's nothing more likely to put an audience to sleep than a 

memorized speech. It sounds too mechanical. And you know how 

foolish a speaker looks when he forgets part of his memorized 

speech am gets a blank look on .his face and stamners. 

5. Work on opening and closing sentences. 

Your opening and closing sentences are the most important part 

of your speech. 

Your opening sentence should get your audience interested in what 

you're going to say and should tell them your main idea. Don 1t talk 

around your subject. Ji.unp right in. You know how restless you get 

when a speaker rambles on and on and never seems to get to the point. 

Don't say: "Brothers and Sis tars, I 1m here tonight 

to speak on the subject "Political Action 

am Local Unions. 11 

SAY: "Brothers and Sisters, Political Action is the 

most vi tal issue facing local unions today," 

Your closing sentence should sum up what you 1ve been saying - should 

repeat your main idea, should make your audience want to get out am 

do something about what you've been saying. 

Your closing sentence is the last thing your audience will hear, the 

sentence that will stay in their minds when they leave. Make the most 

of it - make it really a punch line. 

Above all DON'T: 

1. Say, "Well, I guess I 1m through, 11 or 

"I guess that's all" -end with 

a bang. 

2. Sit down or walk off while you're 

saying your last sentence -it's 

an awful letdown and detracts from 

the force of what you 1re se,ying. 

6. Use stories. facts and figures. 

I!' y0:.. want to convince your audience that you really know what you 1re 

talking about and aren't just talking through your hat, use some facts 

and figures. Only don 1t use too many - they can get very tiresome. 

Make sure that they fit into your speech and make sure that they are 

easy to understand. Your audience won't have time to sit down and 

figure them out with pencil and paper. 

-5-
' 

Use stories to put your point across. Stories help people to understam 

vhst you're trying to say. Stories do the same thing for a speech that 

a cartoon does for an editorial page of a nevspaper - the,y simplifY 

and give a picture that people vill remember long after all your YDrds 

are forgotten. 

Instead of saying, "It can be done," tell about 

someone who did it. 

Nake sure, though, that your story fits into your subject and the t it 

describes people and things familiar to your· audience. 

7. Be brief. 

Long speeches veary both the speaker and the audience •. Say vhat you 

have to say; then sit dovn. Your audience vill really appreciate your 

speech if it is s hart. And it vill be three times as effective u a 

1nne ~peech. If your speech is well organized, and you knov your 

subject, you can be brief. 

If you 1re tempted to be long-Yinded, just remember the old r.aying that 

an empty wagon makes the JJPst noise. 

Now you have the principles of a good speech. But just knoYing the principles ~o~'t mnke you a good speaker. It takes the principles plus the practice, 

It's just like the story of the horses and the vater, You've been led to the 

water; now it's up to you to drink. 

-6-

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' 

PUBUSHED BY HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL • MONTEAGLE. TENNESSEE I! JULY 1956 

-e-.·· • ••••• We are h- to Pll'f hcmor to Zllpllla HortoA whOM 1111tlmely 

Math we lunre moumecl. but whOM 9aluee cmd loopee cmd eulhnelmne 

cmd ialth we caanot celehrate IICidly.H 

Dl. IOBII a. 1BONPIOII. lloaa .. _._ ~ ValcMolty .. CW....0 
• . 

....ANDER REPORTS - JULY 195<. 

SONGS FOR ZILPHIA 

ZILPHIA HOI\ TON dl•d In Ap<ll of 1956. She eame lo Hq.hlander 

u a 5tudent ln 1935, blarried and stayed on aa a stall member 

tor t"'·entY·ODf' yean. ZUphl.a was born •nd l'&ised ba a small 

ArkansaS eoal-minlnr loWD, attended the Collece of the Ozarks and taught acbool for two 7e&n before eomlnl" t.o Bleblander. Tributes to Zllphla's life on the moun&aln were pa~ll 

In many wa)'a by the people here. Her friends and trienclJ of 

HJ,.hlandrr wrote us from many parta or t.be eountn and other 

parts of the world. 

Some of these friends in Chicaco met ln May for a memorial 

procram, .. Soncs for Zilphia'', Just as we eannot nea~ture 

ZUphb.'s vUatU.y and joy of llvinJ, ., we cannot recreate with 

words the lilr of • folk, labor and nllilous aonu t.bat were 

_lim"!' __ tf.,i!lt _nt .. l,t. Ill•·~ h,.rP is a.n expreulon by John Thompson 

ef &be rid! and fyU berltare she hal left; 

n·f ~ro: herr t.cnlrbt t.o pay honor to Zllphla Hor1on, 

whose untlmrly death we have mourned, but whose valu" and 

.hopes •nd enthusiasms •nd faith w~ eannot celebrate udly. 

"For she wa!i one of the most renulne, natural, unspoiled, .tlirmative penon• any or us has ever known, and for twentyene ,.-ears she helped make Hichlander human ud Jo~ful aad 

10~111 and llY. and lhus holpod all lhe eounll .... peoPI• Bl&h· 

Jand-er &ouched kl makr the d.uk &Dd dreai"J' placn t.broo&"hoat 

\he South more b&alllliUI, more Jo;lul. more •on6ful au.d p,.. 

PJ'hi& .li not a &ime t.o make a ease or &o plead for n.pport 

•·htch we a.re colnl' to cive as Jon&" as we truly believe Ill democr.ar.y and l&a promi&n, as. ton&" u we believe ln t.ht reople 

and fn tbeJr essential cocdnea--a• Myles and ZJlphla Hor&on 

have always believed. 

-Thl" Ia a tbnP. loT more mellow and more Joyful mooda. when 

•·e may be excused for lndulcin& ln a few memories. ID celebratinc a friendship and a partnership full of meanlnc and lutlnc- &lcnifiunee, which el'en death eannot d~b'o7. 

... -~, -i. a iimr- for &uod mrmorle;;., for lood hopes, ·and for •ood 

resolutions. Highlander ha!§ alway• been rommltied &o 'be .UU,-

J'le for justic-e- and &o tbe extt>nslou of democracy and edueaUon for au ~pie. Jut from t.be finl II hal ..... been keeDIJ 

lntnestf'd in the eultural ,·alut"$. values which ha.d: Uaelr rooU 

w u.~ ..e mount.am~. "''~ tat•ed about this that lint wfn&er be· 

fore an:r of ua had met ZUphla. But antU abe came onto &be 

ocen• no one wu eq ulpped le do mu<h aboul tbla. 

US.ermlt Eb7 bas worried becaaae the American labor movement 

dOH nol tdn1 as It owd &.o do, and .ame of oar poeta have worrl~ btcaUK mo4em worlr.en do aot slu• at their 11Vork u 

farmers and aaUon &nd weaven lde41 to .me. 

~~J:'brourhoui ibe South and m iD&iiJ plaea heyuu4 Uie 3Giith, 

anions &Dd "'or&en· croups have been !let Co KIDainc qalD 

aboul t.bo Jll.ostJinporianl t.blun In IUe (t.belr work, U>elr lo...., 

lheli lokea. ehelr f~lh) b7 Zllphla, who look lhem aew aoup 

and old scnp and pn lhem lhe .,.,.,..,.. le oln6. ADd IIJ'Ieo hu 

helped "' ~"'! the"! -lhlq "' dna' a.bo.t. .. 

"'I Ia coo4 le be a pari, even a. .,..,. -n pul. .. , neb a a:w lite movement ud ef Reb an earihJ, laealthJ', •D-We&r7 

faiUa In democrat', and IU tlmeleaa raoureea. We .maJt flDd 

ereatlve and powerful 'WaJ'I &o eelebra&e these Yalua ahn:ra: 

and I know DO better .... ,. than &o attenJ1.hen mCblaDder and 

Ito prouam Dow. This Ia U.. oD17 eoneelyaill• llle1IIGri&J 1e 

offer for ZUphla, and II aerv.. lhe double Jo7 of f111ftlliJic lhe 

moods of thanka&"i vinl' and of dedication." 

LE'n'ERS 

•.. H~r music, her whole lite, were a dedication to the people. 

-Frances Leber, New .Jersey. 

... Zilphia was so wonderful, and her philosophy 10 well-founded 

that 3·ou will always have her in that Sf'rule, ltill making your 

life rare and worth whlle.-Branson O'Cascy, London, England. 

... She will live ln our hearts and minds as long as we live; 

Lhtit w~~: wiil ht:oal· hca :.iuc,i.u~ i.lc! _.n&.;;, tLal 1,i,c;.u,aJu.-(lf ~ 

will aiways raise the ieveis ot periormance we demand ior 

ourselves, and U>•t we shall always feel II a special privilege 

to have known her.-Morris Lasker, New York. 

. .. All of our lives have been enriched from having, knowing and beine with her, catching a spark of her joyous spirit 

which became a part of our Jives. - Howard Frazier, Burlingame, California. 

... An achievement in fintor human relations and In understanding and love - and Zilphia had sueh a Iaree part In II; 

such a 6pirit cannot be destroyed.-Stuart Chapin~ wacasset, 

Maine. 

... I think of Zilphla - 110 alive and tull of energy. I am 

aur~ aU the tittle angels are singing and square dancing and 

organizinl loday.-Aiioe Mitchell, AUanta, GeorJia. 

This Is a bitter loss for you and the aehool; but II Is a 

marvelous thil'lg that you have built together. Rarely have two 

pecpie worked ao constructively, so persisieniiy and with INch 

imagination as you and she to illuminate the lives and thinltin6 

of -others. Zilphia's work and spirit will always be part of 

Highlander and of eVeryone whom the ~ehool has touched. -

Margaret J-amonl, New York. 

She lived ·ao·f~Y.~and~~DelPfuuy·Utat 1t U.·1.1ut W:fi.:u. ~v 

believe t.bat &he Is workin& .on, onl;y through t.be lnfiuence of 

the many lives and causes she has benefitted. She .Js surely 

doing lhal, and her devotion 1o democracy and peraonalily wUI 

continue to be an inspiration to those who knew her and were 

touehed b;y her IUe.-Ted Shultz, Norris, Tennessee. 

• • • Hers Is t.be moot beautiful and meaningful Immortality I 

can conceive of. With the beauty and truthfulness of her life, 

with her warmth and great &ifls, ohe has lefl an llllforcettable 

enrlchlni oxperlence with all who walked wlt.b her - and &here 

must be thousands! She has civen people direction for cr<>wth 

and greater love and undentandinl than t.bey bad before meellnc her.-Lena Kaplan, Chicago, Dllnols. 

I wish to apresa. rriJ' deep ..,pathy fPr you al the puslng 

or Zllphla • • . a -~ lou to you and lhe labor movemenl 

Hor oplrll IIJ\d love for the common peoples &hall Uve 1111 In 

. the hearts Or all or us "NhO mew her aud loved her-Bill Marlowe, Peoria, Illinois. 

' 
1-. LANDER REPORTS -JULY 19: ' 

WE WILL EDUCATE roR INTEGRATION IN' 

OUR RESIDENCE SESSIONS, IN OUR riELD --D'D ___ ftr!D ., ___ II 'lUI' ., .., L"V OUR COMMl.INITY! 

IDGHLANDER EXECUTIVE COUNCU.. 

SAYS INTEGRATION IS IMMEDIATE 

GOAL FQB DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH 

The immediate and challenging barrier to democracy in 

the South is ~erreratjon. 

The immediate and (hallenging task ccnfronting those who 

desire a democratic Scuth is iDt.erratlon. 

The two sentences above sum up the thinking of Highiander1s 

Executive Council, a policy-making group of. outstanding Southenl. rural, labor and community leaden., whose names are listed 

Of'l page four o:t this issue. 

-- From such a simple statement of facts came an entire proeramming by the Highlander staU for future leadership training until integration is achieved in the South. Plans by staff 

iuewi.J.tl~ c.H...; Su.,t:.purtc:rs envision the following: 

12 WORKSHOPS EACH YEAR 

Hig..'11an.d~r Folk Sthool will trai..~ leaders !or work in 

their c:ommunity, union or civic organization in one workshop 

each month of the year, summer and win~er. Forty students at 

t:ach workshor, or C~ total of 480 resident students per year, 

from as many communities as possible in the ten southern states, 

can decidedly make ar: impact upon the L'ltegration movement 

ln the South. 

ln cu:idJtJ.on to the 12 workshops, there will be two integrated children's camps each s~er. (One is in progress as 

Uili. is i:ieing written. See story on pa~e 4.) 

IN RE.<;IDENCE 

" •.• It b hardly neeeuary io labor th15 point: Uvtna- tol'etber 

»roduers a rrlaxatlon of barrien whl<"b makes adult education 

ion tlmn e.uler."-Boyoo 8. l'llkln, P<oaldent, Goddard Colle~•· 

%4 WEEKS OF EXTENSION EACH YEAR 

The 12 workshops are not enough: Peo~o~le learn in a classroom, and they learn vividly; they also learn at home. Students 

who return to their -communities and make a be&f.nnin.& for tntegrGtion shall be assisted by the field di.rector. Wherever atuden't$ be~in~-in t.'le achools, the churches, the labor unions, the 

aocial dub or on the police force-there they mall find the 

Highlander Extension Service. ~ 

The work lcliedule of the Field Director will,~- full at 24 

weeks ~ year on the road. · ~-. 

. . . IN THE FIELD 

Hl&hlander field worken follow Ute student.. where tbe7 Uve, 

because work ID &helr eommunlt7 Ia &D exteulon of &he Cla.u- room proeea. It Ia eantlDuous leandnc b7 dolnc'. 

62 WEEKS IN OUR COMMUNITY 

Highlander lives in its own c:cmmunity 52 weeks a year. We 

do not believe that teaching exists in a va uum. We believe that 

we must educate in our own ccmmunity if we are aoina: to be 

the least successful in getting other people to work in their 

eoffiffiunities foe integration. So we have a.L.-eady a+..arted. Our 

youth leader, presently an Antioch College co-op student, bas 

organized a community club of youngsters who are quite active 

tn various recreational adivities. We notice aJ.rea.dy that many 

of them at"e swimming in Highlander Lake at the same time as the integrated campers are swinuntng. 

But swimming toget!1er by the you!'..gst..ers !! nnly !. step, 

and Southerners know what a step it is. Adults also are being 

encouraged to attend sessions when Neeroes or colored foreign 

representatives are here .. We are proud of our local taxi driven, delivery men and 

other help, in that they have liven courteous service to these 

visitors. 

We shall train leaders for integration in the South; but our concentration on this single coal for the time beine does not mean that we are drawin& away from 24 years of concentration 

on leadership tr-aining tor people in labor unions. For example, our next three workshops, announced elsewhere 1n this publication, will draw from labor union members . 

• • • • IN UUK UOMMUNITY 

The propam or ed11ealloa In Blchlander·l _, oommDDliJ Ia 

eu,enUal ••• otherwiM. how ean we Ce&ell •&.lien &o work 1D 

&heir oommunltJ If we oanelv .... DOl blow Jaow to .. II! 

no art or leaehlnc mast alao .. a ooulanl •- er the 

leaeber'• ~. 

' 
, ~ .. ·~ ~ . 

( .I '. 

mG~DER REPORTS JULY 1956 

SCHOOL BOARD DISMISSES MRS. CLARK 

On Jun~ 8, we leart)ed from Mrs. Septima Clark, now Intee;ration Workshop Director, that the Superintendent of Education of Char-leston, S. C., hPd notified her that her contract, 

a.long with those of five other Negroes and r;ve white ~ehool 

tP.::::('hers, \\-·ould net be renewed for the coming school year. 

·---- :irJ.n..- 'LiarA hoJOs an M. A. aegree, was rated rtrst-dals l'ermanent Profe..;Sional status in the 1944 National Teachers Exam1n.l'l'-t;n..,- c:J.."' h., .. ho>..,.., a successful teacher in the South CaroUna 

ayctem for 25 years. No reason was given for her dismissal. South 

Carolina law allows chairmen of boards of trustees, presidents 

of l."""llege~ and principals of school:; to give no reason for a 

dtsmi.ssaL Also, one man may a<::t for the entire board. 

The 1956 legislature also decreed that all t'ity and state employHOs who are members of the NAACP would be fired. 

M ... ., rl'""rJ.r ~:"'~ bf>en active in CharleFton civic affairs, is at 

preseni first viee~president oi the city NAACP, and has been assodated v:it'1 Highlander for three years. 

She report..<; t~1at the National Education Association has been 

n,..;t[f)e-:1 cf tr_;_~ er:-ti0n, and will look into the case. 

.. Items In Brief • 

trom 

After 

the 

two 

Highlander 

7ears of work, 

S\att, 

Betty 

Aprll 

·and 

30, 

Henry 

1856; 

Sbipherd 

they returned 

~ 

to 

their Philadelphia home. The Executive Coundl mmmende<l 

them on their competence, devotion and .elf-ucrtfjc:e. 

• Present c\aff members now Include Myles Hor.ton, Director; 

Mn. Septima Clark, Integration Workahop Director; May 

Justus, Community Director; James Hargis, Farm Manager; 

Mrs. Julie Mabee; Mikli Fowlkes Marlowe; Bet.y Frethelt; 

Anne Lockwood, Office Staff, and Hildreth Smlth, CommunIty Worker. 

e J. D. and Mikil Fowlkes Marlowe "'ere married In May and 

have aet up house In the Dombrowski Cabin at the end of 

the Jake. 

• Fifteen members of the Sw;wnertield f·H club meet at Hi&blander each Tuesday night for aquare dancin& and pneral 

recreation and <orne in twice a clay for IIWimmlng claaaes. 

• "J·o Improve IWlmmlng and fllh.ing, «>mmunit7 memlien eon- --- tri buted labor and time to extend the rock wall :125 feet 

further around the lake. Lvt Sunday we eounted 25 ang~.,.. 

and at least 20 f.wlmrners from the <ommunlty. 

• An 8-man Community Action Team representing sis European countries ended a two-months visit in this country at 

Highlander June 20-2lst. The team is sponsored by the International Cooperation Administration and their purpose 

was to study and observe community and recional etfortJ 

in economic aelf-bettennent. 

o Sandy (A. A.) Lh·eri.,.':lt of the Center tor the Stwdy of 

Liberal Education for Adults, Chicago, reported In a telephone 

interview that preliminary plans liTe UDderwEy for the 15&11. 

Hlchluder Annlvenar7 CelebraUon ID lt57. The major hiablight will be a week-long Institute tor the ochool'a alumni, 

sponsors and ceneral IUpporters at Highlander; 

e P. M. Hortcn, who came to the IChool ID the eari.Y days, 

passed away this spring. "Dad" Horton, father of Myles. is 

sorely missed by his family and all the rest of us. 

---<>-

• Highlander's present Executive Council ud 

1 

• ~ R lA.~ Dean, Morehouse Colle~, Atlan\8, Ga. 

. ~ard of Directors are: 

o.l~~ ' S G:lf~!LTON, AtlantA Urba)j League, Atlanta, 

' 

~v ca. --~~-'_.__~-~ ,).,,fed ;vP/lt!iltt/lf.rut,;IJ)e 

G. ~~AY, ~.-Treas~"\WWA-CIO, Chicago, .!!1~ I~/ 

l DiTERRACJAI. CJULDREN'S CAMP ;_o~~~~i~i~:fu~alci;i:':~nl"'~~~.ul~t, it~ ~nl- ~~it.Y~ iJashvil~J"ena.. c:.ildren's camp, with nine counselors and D~--~V?"~I Eyural Life Council~ Tuske«.~_l!ls1it\i~_. "~l:t ati< n •t Hlghlander for eight weeks. It la ....,. d ~ 

':., a cooperative community in Americus, 

Ga. Th£· camp was prevented from being held at the cooperative 

fann in GPorgia by a last-minute court injunction. 

Tf;:iepk•r.t> omd telegraph communication to . all parents, 

rouru;e!ors 1U1d others resulted In opening the camp at Hi,chW)der orJ.;- two day~ bfohind the ori&inal plans. 

• V"ORKSHOPS 

..1 '- ~:;; ;.:.; ~Lv--ztcadmg Week 1 

AUGUST 5-li-Integration Workahop U 

AUGUbT 

AUGUST 

AUGUST 

lJ-16--Readin& Week II 

19-25-Integration Workahop m :!.~·SEPTEMBER 1-Reacllnlr Week m 

-- Qll {;;E~ELJ.. Executive Director !!.'!lltt>"!"Tl_!!e- ' 

ional Co;an~.}~~~ci&. REV. EUGEN~H.E:RS, Calvary Presbyterian .£!lurch, 

i& IJ~l:-~ . .. -•. DR.,.. · EPI!ENS, Cbattanoop, Tnn. . 

J~~ . ·w . ...,_ttorney-AJ:Law, Nashville, 'rf!!n ... LUCI~RNBURGH, Associate Editor, East Tenneaee 

~1?<> ~l:slui.-

' TE,~\al:L T .. ~_!.~ee .. _!I!!I!__Le_!i_slative ~! BrotherhOod t'~ -TrB;tpmen. Le~qn Tenn. - . . ~ 'Pubii'sh;r, Southern Farm and Home, 

~o~. 'J:'~~~tln .lntematllmalMill and Smelter Worken, .CQlntpbfa Ten" 

-'JOrT;:J~~~~~~!!:!l;.Wi, Highionder Folk 1!!:1!29!, ¥ont-
HIGHLANDER LIBRARY 

GEORGE MITCHELL. Southern R.taioul 

Council. wrilta: 

"A G«trJGn word. Conjunctur, hGrd to put 

into Englilh. mNnl tM WG~ """a/ atrNml of 

occid•ntal happoning• mut, and what th•~ maJu 

out of tMir coming togtth« ot thGt tim. tmd · apot. Htrt'a an inttrtating ''Conjunctw-'" ot 

High/IJI>dw. And it i• thw• to b.nolir poop/• 

from thi• part of tM world. Thw•. in good 

ordrr, ond with a warm w./com.. 

Hrr•'• what happon.d into ono apot: For 

thirt~ ~-· poop/• who had colltc,.d good 

boo/11 on Southwn Hiuorv. on tM Llbo< 

Mowmont. on ""'~' to g<t farmr<• IHIIK off. 

haw b..n ,.ruling boo/11 to Highland« Fo/11 

School. Somo codgn bought tM book•. rNd 

tMm, trJGd• a thin liiJing out of pulhing what 

tM boo/11 taught him, and up and di•d. And 

hi• wif• atnt tM boo/11 to High/andor. It happond tim. and again. And in a goodilh whil• 

of it th•v got a flock of boolla. Not tralh. 

TM llanda,.d oolutm1 ond tht onta thGt arr 

hard to find; tM chwilh•d book• from thouf1htful poop/•,. homo•. 

Ntxt thing: an ragrr voung gradcudt ol tM 

Uniwnitv of North Carolina como to Highlondtr and got aaktd to WDt'A on Highlandtr'a 

ua/1. Thaat guya didn't (and don't) g•t pay; 

tMIJ jull work for tM joy of organizing poop/• 

to gtt what thty nnd. This voung man'• nartN 

""'' Harr~ M. Laallttr. Cam. to Highlander in 

194/. It waan't tong IHIOf't tht war(amt along, 

and Harrv g<ll him,./1 into tM Air Corp&. And 

it WOUJ't long btfort hia plant hit tht ground, 

and IH wa1 in it. His P«Jplt JQW that thtir aon'a 

lwi•f /if• had in it jull a ftW month& of fulfillmont - hi• joyou& work at Highlander. And 

thtf194Vt- Highland" a building to put tht booAa 

in. A 'omfonablt, light&omt building, with a 

firtplau lor the winter and lor the w.mmtr grttJI 

glau windows looking onto the lake. Thia 

'''""m ;, Highlander it"/1. Thia ia a &pot whtr~ 

ewryorw ia welcome and at eau. with a &talf of 

knowledgtablt pHJp/t ready to ltttr a body'• 

rroding. with good btd&, lusciou& cotnbread and 

laughing companiomhip. &&idt&, a fXtlli.J ond 

Coo/ pitet of COUntryude. 

TheSI thrtt thinqs ali came rog~thu, and 

madr the Library a! Highlander. There's a way 

for ~pit to get scholarship& to cotrn and ~it bJJ 

the lire, or Old bl/ the laiu. and read thr booko 

and eat the cornbread and deep 10 tlw beda and 

/l$ttn to the cowbt>lls tmkling. Strt>Uh your 

mind wh1le you ease !JOUr body. That's what 

I cQI/ a lucky break and tho~ uJitl br wi.a;e i!nd 

lucky people who t.:Jkr uduam~Jge of it." 

. -.•. 

READING WEEK 

HIGHLANDER LIBRARY 

JULY 22-28 

AUGUST 12-18 

AUGUST 26-SEPT. 1 

The thouunds of books, p>mphlru and 

orhtr rtsourct martriala in rht HIGH· 

LANDER LIBRARY art availablt for a Wtck'l 

uninttrruptrd ruding and study. 

COST: S40 PER WEEK 

Scholarships availablr ro Public School 

Wor~shop p>rticip>nts. 

Fx u,f,laional mformation write: 

HIGHU1ND£R FOLK SCHOOL MO~ TEAGlE, 'i'EIHEliSH 

' ~-~-~--- I ----------- -------------

-- -.------- --- -- -----· -------·- -- --- -·-·-- --- ------ --- ------- --------- ---· :-.:.=- _ _=-_-_:--...=--~..:::.::....-:_ - ----- ---·-----· 

------·-·---· ---------· 

WORKSHOPS 

ON 

PUBLIC SCHC 

INTEGRATIO~ 

JULY 15-21 

AUGUST 5-

AUGUST 19

1956 

~· 
..... 

HIGHLAICDEil WOJIKSHOPS • ··~r• dcsianrd to mHr tiM nHds of ~duh cirizens who 

have ~ s•nuine interest in implementing the 

Supreme Court's decision, ~nd who ~ro SHkins 

help in knowina how besr they c~n work. The 

workshop sessions rely on sroup discussion in 

which rhc common problems of different areu 

ue used as rhe m~ttri~l for discussion. St~ff 

persons ~nd invited consult~nts r~ke put in 

the total process lending help when needed, 

but not dominuing rhe discussions ~nd nor 

converting the sessions into ~n acoidemic rou· 

tine. P~rtici~nts ltun, and lurn a romarhble 

amount. in ~ short time, because they are doing ir themselves and because the work stays 

close to tht nerds they fed." - IRENE OSBORNE. American Friend• Service Commime. 

WORKSHOP TOPICS • 

PASSIVE JIESISTANCE. Study of the 

emerging ~ssive resistance movement in 

the South as a current technique for ac;Jminisu~ring justice 01nd as it rel.ues historically to concepts of Thoruu, ~ndhi 

and luders of the great religions. 

REGISTERING AND VOTING. Import· 

~ncr and possible methods of attaining 

full-fledged citizenship. 

VOLUNTARY CITIZENS ACTIVITIES. 

Exist;ng activities studied and plans for 

community action developed. 

STATES PLANS. Analysis of lcgisla 

tive plans for dealing with integration anc 

human relations in the South 

WHO CAN ATTEND Anyon~ desiring to provide community 

leadenhip for .an ordl'rly uansition from 

a scgr.gatcd to an umegregated publ1< 

.-.chool system. 

WORKSHOP SCHEDULE 

MORNING AND AFTERNOON 

General meetings ~nd small group discussions. 

EVENING SCHEDULE 

Evening programs are built around tht 

problems and idus expressed during the 

day. A combination of music. films. roleplaying and dancing ue used to present 

these ide~s in dramuic form. 

A WEEK IN THE HIGHLANDER LIBRARY 

Those interested may spend an additional 

week following each workshop in study 

and reading in the Highlander Library. 

COST 

~48 cover> the full <OS! of room, board 

.end tuition for one week; $8 per dJy 

lor shorter periods. Scholarships covering 

.·II or part of the coot ... avaiiJble. 

AJd:n.s i:'Un~ of tl. pi1WUO" to: 

MRS. SEPTiMA CLARK. Work•hop Director 

HIGit.ANI:CR l'OLK SCHOOL / 

MON"EAGi.E. nNNESSEE -- -

WORKSHOP CONSULTI 

DR. HERM ~G. Fisk Un 

-::N.i<hv i1!1!-•-

JotiN VLBER'rs<'JN. Auorner, 

DEAzil>.-tr""BRKZEAL, Morehou 

.J•&f, A~ Gew-&ii_ 

E. ~~ ontg~ry lmprc 

. QIJIUJ •. J\Ij, 

F TH, Southern R,&io.W 

ell. Atlanta, Georgia 

Tm~~IGAN.' -Prii\Up~J. Oak. 

Hog cl1ool. Oik Ridge. Tew: 

RoBEft"T"1'0!'ENEFEE, 'Ber•~ Collm ienlGcki'.~- .. ·-· 

C. 1iif.4NR!~ University of Lo • ,..L u svrile. . 

Rry . .R~oOI\ENT. GRAETZ National I ~'K<II'r'M6i! Ala. 

WILSO DSLFY, Qa~ . .RiJl&s. ~~1;\''0al! 1(1~ ••. T~n. 

REv. };V.JLLIArffif.Wi~'s. Crehan "B .. ptiit. Cl'iwc • ,_jfSI'f'~ 

R.!)~F:!tr C. PALMER. Firsr 

1.1 ur . 'NaSIJViii~I rnn. J"t1'2P:' 'lfR Alabam~ Sme I 

ontgomery, Alabam~ 

l§Hf~""'~· American Frienc 

tee %rT11iuuee, Philadelphia, P~ DR. F. -%t P~TTERS0:-1, Phelps. 

r Pftrna. OFf GER.~- Y. 

l\1RS. VIVIAN CARLLR MASQ" ~ 

Nat I Cou&li 61 14tgtc 'Js'eilltn. 

ington. D._<;: ...... 

LIFE AT HIGHLANDE 

Life ar Hig:1landu is eurem1 

mal. Classes ar< olt•n held o~t 

1ng qu.uters otrl' :simple- - tea 

Sl udents live at the school. shao 

Jng quJrt~rs in lhe main builQ 

CJ!Jins 

Th"re is L ,,~~ for re.ldint 

bnry, ~aikin~ \' ~h visitors an j 

:)Jr.~ing in the ~,\. aing. swin·1 

fishing in the •, Lool lat", l; 

\'(Jtt,,:y·hlil. Brin-.: Dmf~,rt.tble .I 

~h·-11:'5 
. _., .. ; ; 

. :/ ~-". -( 

. ,, :-

~~_,, .. ;;;.;~.-;;;:.;·· 

~l?;i;::':;:~·-·. 

' r ·'_, .... ,.•. 

.- .· .. 

'-<,. 

I 

. . \ . . . •. . ... 

SAC, Mobile 

~~·•':Jf:c . r: 

~~J,i: .;;; 1 C; I.,. p .J ;1-/76 . · ... HEREitH ..- :'.~ ·-: . ~ · . ·. Q~ ~fF:.J23J Qtn· n mGRLANDEaro~AT( · .~S..I · ~-, ,_.;~">'' .;;...ij' R~CQ~ , -· MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEI: •.'-: . · . It! • . ( 

i.:-,~~xs~:j ; ~&~ -~' --- ::o:~A110N::~~~G.\ '-r=~~ii, ~. . -. "1.. 

~-:~c .·<~ :.. ~;.- l; i ! .• l<o aeur~~t 9/12/58 capti~ed,,aa ~>. ~~ -~ · · -·., -~.::·~ -~:._. ';·_. ·; .. ~I •• •• , J '~ ' ' '. .• i-... :: :- .... ·.-..._,_ __ 

~~~-- ... :' ··-

~·,·:·-_-_~.::._._;c_ ...-_·~.~-·.= __ .'.. •. :.·_·.~~-. tnsUtutloo r:a~~a!o~:~~e~b;.:r~:!:r ,:~~ ~:h::~~ ____ --_ ~ primarily by donations from 1Ddlv1duala alld labor unions 1D the form 

of payments for the .tudents who attend tt8 eouraea. It offers courses . 

' : -.l 

' -. : 

of Instruction tn labor organization, aoetal economtca, parliamentary 

procedure, and the general field of labor educatiOD. Tbls scb90l baa 

had Commurust..Party members on lts staff and as tnstructora,uand has 

tollowed·the practice of welcoming communists as students. However, 

the school has never offered courses of instruction 1n communism nor 

has the Communist Party, USA, ever pined complete control of the ,.' ''· 

~stltutim.J-~ u, • .. ·'/!.· :; . '>:'( -~,·,; ::· :~~.~-:' ' -~-~ .. :~:· .. -. 

By teletype dated February 27, 1951, the Itnomlle on•ruo 

instructed that no contacts whatsoever shoul_d be made at the Bli~Jan!~er 

Folk School and that no discusslm, either pro or should 

Individual this school. 

~·· ''T'A'~ j a.: 
4-750 !2-7-79) 

_j_ 

D 

D 

( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the fiiP. Om· or morP of the following statements, where 

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Infonnation pertained only to a third part:o--. Your naml' is listed in the title only. 

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, wa:-..·\ ... ·pn• forv,:arded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following govPrnml•nt ugency(ies); 

----· ______ <.b the infom1atiun originated with them. You will 

he; ad-.·is£d nf availability upon mtum of tht• matenal to thp FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reasonls): 

··--·-·------·-·------------

1-l For your information: 

XX XXX!.. 

XXX XXX 

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X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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F!II/DOJ 
.:·+, . ·~' 

·;~.·,. 



-· . - ··-·· 

. _,._. ·.' -.-, ': ~-.)'• ,_.. . .. ;~-. - ' . ' 

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:._. ~'· ... .-.,~·-, ~:~·,_...:·;~:.._:_>~: .... 

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(; Office Men 

TO 

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I 

lum 

• 

i 

I .. . 

• UNITEL ... .u..._..,., ~..)VERN.MENT 

MR. TOLSON DATB: August 30, 1957 

P>tOM L. B. NICHOLS ~-.,) v rr"' ~ :~~q~. Z 

-~~-~~--- ) a:~:~~ 

0.. ~ohl-- . Parsona _ 

~:.~,:0 SUBJI!Cr.: ::g~~~~~Q~=~i 781!Y!:' ~=r ~' :-- ~~ Nease_ 

~ ·-. Tele. Room_ 

f.{j_ • •... / Holloman _ 

~ · . S vf "Jj) to advise tbat Gandy -

~: · ·-::~ from everything he could hear the Highlander Folk School was beginning to 

~-. ; become more active and ~ha they were having a c~erence from August 30 to 

' C!n;tember 2 celebrating th 25th anniverm the School, that among those 

~-~ attending would be Aubre illiams:Aulp ll,*-rn (phonetic), president of 

'1--:..... fhP. ~f':lcina R'nnRP WnrlcP'I"a· r. 1C ~t~~l~ 1 lwHtt'tAI'f fh.:t. ~1a a+Pilr',cr, •+ _,......._ ~ _, "_·_·-·r __ <1 --- -----o ----- ... - ...... - ...... , -· ...,_... - .. --.. -J .............. ----- -.6 .... ..,~ ............... _,., 1 t"'l 'r ~.·,.,}{ Tallahassee, Florida; Dr. Alonz~oron; ;Martin Luthe g. He further ~; ·,;:; 1 stated that from what he could learn the ghlander Folk Sc ool was becoming 

~ ':: ·ii a center .for teaching civil disobedience d that the details of the conference ~ -. a.'1a senunar were announced by Mil orton and appeared 1n a ''New YorkJfTimE!S" 

\ 

news story on July 7, 1957. ~ \ / \. 

He thought that if we had not heard of this we might want to,~E!ckj 

on it. 

r;;; 

~ ' 

.. 7S'II~J91 -- . , -- ---

14 SEP 5 1957 

-
, •.. :._.·.:: r ... 

' -~:: - . 

J' . 

--.-.-.. _ '. 

~c.·ho~ ---· i Nic'1Cls ___ . 

.RACIAL SirtJ.ATIQI 

81:.\:tE 01 TED!iESSII 

. , 

. JIOXE Oli YELLOW&·:' 

. . .. · . . . 

''~ ~' 1 Room _. 

··' 

·• ,; .. ... - .... 

September It, 19~7 

. , . 

. ·. 

:• .::.- ):-~~: :.:~~- ~~--:-_; ,_'~ .. ~-:· :+: :-' - . ~,~·-..f.:·~ .. ~ .. 

. ., . ~, ~ -... -' 

. 

.. 1 . 

. . _, .... 

(Hi&hlande~ Folk School) 

tf±ZS!i-( 

·. '· 

•c ' 

. NO'!' T'f'"(lP;;;;:-

191 SEP 6 19~7 

r~YiiiL.::LLOiowN""::I~ 0UPLICAf£ . - ~ 

UP -l ~ 1SS7, ' ' " ! 

·
f ~he ~tached was sent to the,r--· ·ector from if.eust .. ;~,--,\ ·\ / 

M . • 57th Street at (' .t Avenue, New York 19, a~:. "'.Jlseptember :5, 1957 agazane~, · • Di t or I' ·-' ' New York. No reference ie~made .to the rec or i . -w ,, ~ , 

·. ' .. _t)i{J.W-, v _F~l._ . _ -- --·v••v v....,w, .... u. .. .- AC1<1V11<1eiJ \~l\1~'-'' . 1 ' . 

, J~t'ln• 

); J OVer the Labor Day weekend, Martin Lu Negro leader ot 

c 

n/ 

/ 

I 

the militantly pro-integration torce~, was the featured speaker at 

the Highlander Folk School. The Rev. Mr. King's association with 

I this radical educational institution in the South calls tor a 

at the school's activities and personnel. ~; 

(/) 

The Highlander Folk School at Monteagle. Tennessee, was 

organized around 1932 by Myle4 Borton and Don West • . . . of Paul Crou~. Ma:v 6. 1949. Subcamnittee of the coimuttee IDn - "" - • • - -- ~ ~ - -=- - - --- - -- - -- - ~--

American Activities, page 193.) In his testimony, Yr. Crouch said: 

"I would like to mention 1n this connection that the Highlander Folk 

School at Monteagle, Tennessee. was a school organized by Myles 

Horton and Don West, and which :Mr. fJarnei! Dombrowski shortly thereafter joined." . 

\ 

.Paul Crouch, who save the foregoing testimony concerning the 

Higbl!Ulder Folk School, was the top Canmunist Party functionary 1n 

/~1 the So~th. 2 

§ ·-~ · ~peakin~- ot James Dombrowski, 'Mro Crouch testified as follows: 

~ r=:J ~S "I have met officially wi tb him on a number ot occasions as head ot 

z L.W t::-1~ · ..C.>'-'- ·~ \'\the Communist District Bureau ot Tennessee ••• at this conference Mro <:....) 4 . 

U? >- 2: C/) r-, ~...::: co Dombrowski gave me the impression ot being comple1tt~.lY. pro-Cammunist)..L.v-- ---.J I . i=o 

c:l:C"::~ 

~ 

:2:=~~ ... - ,, 

C.) :::...::. -;:---i 

2 !::::: Jl - I...LJ l.JJ 

_.: DC:: f-

-....J :.~J .; .r: 

c::r: :x: a 

... ' J"± 

and anxious to collaborate with the Communist Part1 and follow its 

leadership, wi tbout taking the risk of actual Party member ship." 

A three-page tabulation of James Dombrowski's Communist affiliaj k;l~.£:1.)- jC/4 1 tiona is attached to this report./}//)['.·~~ · NOT RECORDED I I 

In March 1954, the Senate Subc~tile on11n,~~nl2~Wourity 

held bearings in New Orleans on the subject of~Soutnern 

Inc., of which James Dombrowski was and 
• 

' 

'-· "::/ 

is th~ executive director. Among the witnesses who testified before 

the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security in New Orleans was one 

John Butler who had formerly been a tunction&rJ of the Communist 

Party in Alabama. In the course of his testimon;r, Mr. Butler stated 

that he attended a meeting of Communist Party leaders in Jui;r at 

1942, in the Thomas Jefferson Hotel in Birmingham, Alabama. Mr. 

Butler stated that Alton Lawrence introduced .Tames DCI!lbrowsld. to him 

on that occasion as a Communist Part;r member. (See Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, March 18, 1954, page 45.) 

According to Mr. Butler, this meeting of Communist Part;r ls aders was 

held in Dombrowski's own hotel roan. In November, 1956, Alton 

Lawrence was indicted on a charge of conspiring to file a false non .. 

Communist affidavit with the National Labor Relations Board, which 

4 a '1"1An,,4 ,.Arli ftf' +. ... a.n:a ''"'""""' "H.f. "'"' a1 • 'h.,. +:'ha ·- .. -""---- _... ... ... --- -·--· ~···-.. -..... -., .. -. ..... 

Taft-Hartley Act. (See New York ~e_!, November 17, 1956.) Alton 

Lawrence is currentl;r an official of the Communist-controlled 

International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers. 

In the early period of the Highlander Folk School, Alton 

Lawrence was a member of its faculty. On August lS, 1938, Mr. John 

P. Frey, president of the Metal ~ades Department of the AFL, 

testified before the Dies Committee on Un-Amerioan Activities, and 

named Elizabeth Hawes, Alton Lawrence, and Myles Horton as persons 

who "attended a secret convention in Narth Carolina, at which time 

plans were made for spreading the revolutionary theories throughout 

the South." Kr. Frey further testified: "In connection with thia I 

might mention that the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, 

Tennessee, was mixed up in this secret convention, in which these 

three C.I.;O. organisers took a very prominent part." (See Dies 

Cammittee Hearings, Vol'UIIle l, page 126~) 
' 

~·~ 

~ 

Paul Crouch testified before the Senate Subcommittee on Internal 

Security, as follows: "The Highlander Folk School is a school 

operated at Monteagle, Tennessee, ostensibly as an independent labor 

school, but actually working in close cooperation with the Communist 

Party." (See Hearings, page 47.) Dombrowski wae an instructor at 

the Highlander Folk School for a number of yeal"s. 

The following colloquy took place between Senator Eastland, 

Committee Counsel Arens, and Mr. Cl"Oucb during the latter's 

testimony: 

SENATOR EASTLAND. Mr. Crouch, did you ever visit 

Dr. Dombrowski • s home? 

MR. CROUCH. I visited the Highlander Folk School 

where he was working. I didn't visit at his 

home, but we spent a night at the same bane 

together, Caroline Stevenson's, and he and Leo 

Sbeiner discussed in my presence the actual 

hideout of Communist leaders the night we were 

traveling to Winter Haven. 

YR. ARENS. He and Sheiner discussed in your 

presence the hideouts for Communist leaders, top flight leaders; is that correct? 

(See bearings, page 52.) 

Don West, who has already been mentioned as connected with the 

Highlander Folk School, was district director of the Communist Party 

of North Carolina. (See House Committee Hearings, May 6, 1949, 

page 191.) 

At the New Orleans hearings af' the Senate Committee, on Karch 

20, 1954, Myles Horton was ejected by the United States Marshal tram 

the witness stand and the bearing roam. 

the 

Another speaker who joined with the Rev. Martin Luther King on 

~ program of the Hi der Folk School, during the Labor Day 

Communist connections during the past 20 years is attached to this 

report. C1P n7cn;bcr 
(l) American Camnittee tor Indonesian Independence .... signer of 

letter -- .T,a.dop._I!,.S_l.!n.._R,!'View, 1946 

(2) American Committee tor Protection of Foreign Born-- signer of birthday greeting to Sabath -- Lamp. May 1946. page 3 ~ - - -- - - - -

(~) American Committee tor Protection of Foreign Born •• 

sponsor of 15th anniversary national conference -- program, December ll-12, 1948 

(4) American Continental Congress for Peaoe, Mexico City -- United States sponsor -- leaflet, September 5-10, 1949 

(5) American Peace Crusade -- signer of call to peace pilgrimage 

to Washington, D. c. -- leaflet, March 1, 1951 

(6) American Peace Crusade sponsor -- letterhead, May 26,1951 

('7) American Peace Crusade -- dsner of appeal -- Dail]' !!.~.!!:• 

January 20, 1954, page 4 

(8) Appeal for Amnesty tor the Jailed Leaders of the Communist 

Party Convicted Under the Smith Act -- signer -- Daily Worker, 

December 10# 1952, page 4 

(9) Bachrach Open Letter -- signer -- letter, September 19,1955 

( 10) Brief Ami_ci Curiae for the Comnunist Party -- signer -- u. s. Supreme Cour~; October 1955 

(ll) Committee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Reoy Taylor, an auxil• 

iary of International Labor Defense -- sponsor -- booklet, Aug. 1945 

(12) Committee for Medical Freedom -- signer of statement 

opposing questioning or professional people by Un-American 

Activities Committee -- leaflet, June 1952 

(13) Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America -- speaker -- program, June '7-9, 1940 

(14) Continuations Committee of the Conference on Peaceful 

Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact -- signer ot open letter to 

Congress -- letter, August 21, 1949 

(15} International Workers Order -- defender of -· Fraternal ~~tlook, November 1948 1 page 6 

(16) International Workers Order -- defender of -- Dally Worker, 

June 18, 1951, page 8 

(1'7) Methodist Federation far Social Action -- nominated 

member-at-large by national membership meeting, December 'Z'l-29, 

1947 -- 1947 ballot, page 2 

(lB} Methodist Federation for Social Action -- nominee -- .., n~~1~1A1 ... ______ ha11n~- -----~ 

AAn~AmhA~ --.1:'--~-· -· 0 _.,._ 10~~ 
' 

James_ A. Dgm_1?l2:~ - 2 

(19) Methodist Federation for Social Action •- anniveraa~ 

committee member ·- letterhead, March 11, 1967 

(20) Methodist Federation for Social Serrv1ce •• nan1nated tcr 

national committee •• 1945 ballot, page 4 

(21) National Citizens Political Action Committee ·-member -- official list, August 28, 1944 

(22) National Committee to Repeal the McCarran Act -- a1gner ot 

open letter to members or Congress -- letter, January 19, 1951 

(23) National Camnittee to Repeal the McCarran Acts ·- signer of open letter to Senator Hennings -- dated November 14, 1955 

(24) National Committee to Win Amnesty tor the Smith Act 

Victims -- sponsor -- letterhead, May 22, 1953 

(25) National Conference to Defend the Bill of Rights •• 

-:-;;nsor -- leaflet, December 2-3, 1950 

(26) National Federation for Constitutional Liberties -- signer of statement opposing renewal of the Dies Committee -- pamphlet, January 1943 

{ 27) National Negro Congress -- sponsor -- loth convention 

pJ:'ogram, May 30, 1946 

(26) People's Institute of Applied Religion •• sponsor -- letterhead, April 9, 1942 

(29) People's Institute ot Applied Religion-- member of So~thern Committee -- letterhead, January 1, 1948 

. (30) People's Institute of Applied Religion-- member of 

Southern Committee -- letterhead, April 16, 1953 

(31) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- endorser ot 

declaration -- folder, November 20, 1948 

( 32) Southern Conference lMucati anal Fund -- director -- !Jl'ogre.m of conference, April B, 1950 

(33) Southern Conference Etlucational Fund-- director -- ,,.l-terhead, January 1951 

(34) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- director -- letterhead, July 1954 

(35) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- director •• 

letterhead, April 1955 

(36) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- coordinator ot ~rmthwestern Regional Conference on Integration -- folder, .,..,~, 17, 1955 
" 

JS!lles A. DarnbC;s..J. -- 3 .. _ ........ _..,.. -- ,; 

v 

(37) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- director -- Soutqe_rp. __ P_a_tr.i_C?J:., December 1956, page 4 

( 38) Southern Conference for Human Welfare -- executive 

secretary -- orricial report, 1942 

(39) Southern Conrerence for Human Welfare -- executive 

secretary -- Daily \Vorker, January 29• 1946, page 4 

(40) Southern Conference ror Human Welfare -- administrator -- letterhead, June 1, 1947 

(41) Southern Conference rar Human Welrare •• Signer ot 

manifesto -- Southern Patriot, June 1947, pages 4-5 

(42) Southern Resident Labar Colleges -- mamber of finance 

cwnpaign committee -- letterhead, February 10, 1937 

(43) Statement Defending the Communist Party -- signer -- ~~:..J...i \"iorker, March 5, 1941, page 2 

(44) Win-the-Peace Conference -- sponsor -- call, April 5-7, 

1945 

(45) World Peace Appeal -- signer -- leaflet, August 31, 1950 

( 46) Communist Party -- identified as a member of by John 

Butler in sworn testimony before Senate Camnittee on Internal ~eourJ.LY -- Committee Hearings, March 18, 1954 
/ \ 

I 

Aubrey W1ll1UC: {) 

' (l) American Committee fttr Protection of Foreign Born -- sponsor of conference .... pr O(;rsm nnd call, October 25-27, 1949 

(2) American Crusade to End LynchinG -- signer of call to 

pilgrimage to WashinJton -- call, September 23, 1946 

(3) American Youth ConGress -- speaker at 2 or 3 of their annual 

meetings ·- Williams• testimony before Senate Internal Securit7 

Subcommittee, March 191 1954, page 109 

{4) Appeal to Guard Civil Ri,;hts -- signer .... Daily Vforker, 

August 28, 19501 page 3 

(5) Association of Internes and Medical Students -- speaker at 

annual convention -- official program, December 27-30, 1950 

(6) Brief Amici Curiae for the Communist Party -- sianer -- u. s. Supreme Court, October 1955 

{7) Civil Rights Congress -- speaker at rally, September 11, 

1947 -- Ylilliams' testilnony before Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, March 19, 1954, page 107 

(8) Committee to End Sedition Laws -- signer of statement -- press release, November 19, 1955 

(9) Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact -· member of executive board ·- letterhead, September 16, 1950 

(10) Commonwealth College -- served on committee and contributed 

to -· .Massachusetts investigation of Communists, 1938 

(11) Continuations Committee ot the Conference on Peaceful 

Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact -- si~er of open letter to 

Congress -- letter, August 21, 1949; Daily '"!orker, August 22, 1949, 

page 3 

{12) Daily Worker -- petitions u. s. Senate ·- DailY Uor~, 

January 26,1:946, page 9. 

(13) w. E. B. DuBois Testimonial Sponsoring Committee •• 

sponsor -- program, February 23, 1951 

{14) Highlander Folk School -- member of board or in some way 

;o,f.filiatec! with from about 1944 to 1954 -- Williams' hstimony beto" .... M+:.. !!"1·'!~al Security Subcommittee, Harch 19, 19M. P• 103 

(15) Mainstream -- sponsor -- New }lasses. October 28, 19471 

page 2 

(16) Mid-Century Conference for Peace -- sponsor •• call, 

May 29-30, 1950 

(17) Mother Bloor Celebration Committee -- sponsor -- booklet 
l Aubrey W1111am{J;- 2 A 

w 

(18) National 

Strikers Families 

1946, page 5 

Citizens Emergency Relief Committee to Aid ~- member of national board --Worker, March 17, 

(19) National Citizens Political Action Committee -· member ~­

official list, August 1944 

(20) National Citizens Political Action Committee ~- Yicechairman of dinner ccanmi ttee -- official program, April 12, 1946 

(21) National Cammittee for Peaceful Alternatives ·- mamber of 

executive board -- pamphlet, December 1950 

(22) National Committee to Repeal the l!cCarran Acts ... signer ct 

open letter to Senator Hennings -- press release, November 14, 1955 

(23) Peace Information Center -- endorser or Y!orld Peace Appeal leatlet, August 31, 1950 

(24) New York City Council of the American Youth Congress ·- speaker at New York State model legislature. of youth-- call and 

program, January 28-30, 1938 

(25) Petition to Reconsider Prosecutions Under the Smith Act -· signer -- New York Times, August a, 1955, page 9; .£_a1l;y v:rorker I 

August 8, 19551 page a 

I.,·. 

(26) Progressive Citizens of America -- speaker at rally, 194~ ·- ·,;nliams' testimony before Senate Internal Security SUbcommittee, 

March 19, 1954, page 112 

(27) Procressive Citizens o:r America 

directors -- Daily r!orker, uay 1947 

elected to board of 

(28) Protest Ueeting for Howard Fast 

October 14, 1947; page 24 sponsor -- New Masses, 

(29) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- president; endorser of declaration -- folder, November 20, 1948 

(30) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- president; sponsor and speaker at first southwide conference on discrimination in higher education -- program, April 8, 1950 

{31) Southern Conterenoe Educational Fund 

::ttcrbead, January 1951 

(32) Southern Conference Educational Fund 

of board ot directors ·- letterhead, July 1954 

president --

president and member 

(33) Southern Conference Educational Fund -- president and member 

ot board of directors -- letterhead, April 1955 

(34) Southern Conference Educational Fund •• signer of petition 

to Senator Hennings -- petition, Novamber 7, 1955 
< • 

Aubrez Willi-e 

(35) Southern Conference Educational Fund ·- president -- Southern Patriot, December 1956, page 4 

(36) Southern Conference ~or Human ITelt•re apeaker at 

conference -- program, November 20-23, l93S 

(3?) Southern Conference far Human Welfare -- speaker at 

con.feronoe -- prosrsm and call, April 14-16, 1940 

(3S) Southern Conference tor Human Welfare -- sianer at petition 

to u. s. Senate ·- Dailz rrorker, January 26, 1946, pa,.;e ll 

(39) Southern Conference tor Human Welfare -- chairman at 

nominating c0l1lllli ttee, 1946 ... Hill1R!Ila' testimony before Senate 

Interne.l Security Suboommi';tee, Uarch 19, 1954, page 103 

(40) Southern Confer'3:lce tor Human Welfare -- sisner ot 

manifesto -- ~outhern Fa:;~·iot; June 1947, pages 4·5 

(41) Southern Conterenca3 for Human Welfare -- member o~ board ot 

representatives -- letterh~ ad, July 25, 194? 

(42) Washington Committee for Democratic Action -- member -- membersh~p list, 1939 

(43) Workers Alliance -- paid tribute to -- Appendix IX, page 

1749 
4-750 12-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in th<' filP. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion . 

./ J 7C · 1-?J) g Deleted under exemption(s) -~-------/- ..A:/ _ material available for release to you. 

_____ with no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained onl_y to a third part~- with no refPrPnC'e UJ vou or the subject of your request 

U Information pertained only to a third part,·. Your namP is listPd in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following govPnHJH'Ilt agPncdies). --------------

------, was/wPr£' forwardt>d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to tht> following gon·rnnwnt agl·ney\iesl; _ 

----------·----------- a~ thl· infomwtion originated with them. You will 

be iidvi~ecl of availability upon rr-turn of tht• matvn<~l to tht> FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rt>a~onl~): 

------~-----·-· .. ------~ ····-- ------

0 'For your infonnation: 

~b.e following number is to be used for refc>rencp n·garrlin~·sr· pages: 

,_,_r"i}lii!""'JJ l')t,l -· ,"',..,...--

v-v vv vv .ti..' • .'L"..A.'\ 

xxxxxx 

XX XX XX 

~'.1_~ I ')I I- <>< _'Q_Jli.RJL <?5_C/~-- .. ___________ _ 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGEtSI X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR TH!S PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
_ ............ 0, 

-Wr. Tomm, 

-Mr. Trotter, 4130 IB 

-Mr. SJzoo, 1742 

-Mr. Nichols, 5640 

-Mx. McGuire, 5642 

-Mr. Wick, 5634 

-Mr. DeLoach, 5636 

-Mr. Morgan, 5625 

-Mechanical, B-110 

-Supply Room, 8-216 . 

_Tour Room, 5625 _ / 

-Stop Desk, 7712 W 

-Mr. Jones~ 4236 

-Mr. Leonard, 6222 IB 

-Mr. Waikart, 7204 

-Mr. Eames, 7206 

-Mr. Wherry, 5537 

-Miss Lurz 

-Mrs. F'aber 

-Miss McCord 

-Miss Rogers 

-Miss Padgett 

-Mrs. 

-See Me 

-F'or Your Info . , 

1a ocr 2s 1957 

- L. B. 

Room 5~, · 

~ ·ALL ·nvr-tJRMA T/ON C~N_T/\~N£0 

HEREIN IS UNCI..AS~lf/f~ n/C/;). DATE .JJt{~ 8 '! ~., :~\~ · 

' , ' 
' 

HIGHLANDER; 

Communist 

THE FOUNDERS OF 

HlLHLA.'IiDER SCHOOL 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOO: 

ton and Don West; James Dom· 

trvw51.; j·~·i~e-d thf'rrt shortly there 

af«:r. Don West, prese'!ltly oper~ 

ating: in c..;eorgia, was district di· 

rector of the Corr.muni!.lt Party o~ 

Nc·I1h Caroline. 

Pat,\ Cro'.lch. the top Communis. 

~ -~'-~ t~;: S0uth 

testified befcre tht' Subcommittee 

:-.. !t·c rr.'""rr;\t"" oro \_;n-A.merkan\ 

A,('\1'<,\:t'l' lol"t •-'U'IIUIV"":'\"' . jo! ..... (> 

tnP th .. irn;•r""'"'"" of bt-in'.C C"om· i 

'->'• rl;, ,,· I _..., ,:,.1111.0d•-,•I<•U"\ 

Comrr.1n:i~n , art.l' 

tiflhi bFfnr tht-

.:<'i.lo;_·o >..:r. ~--· ·-;; Se.::':Jrity that 

~k."'f'l"b"J.:.·-olri s• ;. Tl"~<·!ir"l~!' of Communist f'arty leaders in Dombrowll<:i'i> rr~om in the Thomas Jeffer-

!'tGli Hotel in Birmingham, Alab,ma wa~ i!"ltrrxiuf'Pd to him by 

Pat-:·-• rnembf';_ 

M ~-i<:>s H vrton WB.!. identified bei~..-~~ c: .• .._ .·.·:o 1..<-:ll,n '""c" on Un-

... ~ a person 

- -·-:ntiOTI 

in 1-.-onl-, Cr.. -.slir,,., at which tim· 

phns we-rf> made !or spreading thf' 

.. ( ,-~' -,-, 1- :-• 1 }-, -·•ries throughou: 

y,_. ( ~": .. r·'h :p·, 1 :!id before tht 

..Sen<· Sut.co~r,:THttee on lntema· 

~cur;:.j-· t}J ... t ''The HighJander 

Folk s~hool lS A arhool operated 

1-)1 Mr·ntNl.!-dt 'T~r--•lf:!l-.ee, ostens!-

;~__.;_ '~tJ:.. ~- .·. ~-ll.,_, 

or-e,.atior, ..., itt~ tt··t> 

~·~r ... r ~~;-,ool, 1 

ili. c 1vse coCommunist 

L\huF L.- Y \\ .-:EKE_,D, 1957 

-• J \\• eekend 

Training 
' 

( ( 

\ 

I-

~-• 

I'OLK . SCHOOL 

tool, Monteagle, Tenn. 

Communist Front Records 

Of Leadership of Highlander 

Inter-racial Seminar, 1957 

Printed below is a consolidated listing of the Communist Affiliations of persons in attendance at the Labor 

Day Weekend, 1957 Seminar at Highlander Folk School, 

Monteagle. Tennessee. 

Continuatio;ta Comm.i~ of the 

AbTaham Lincoln School Conln~nCe on Peaceful Aiterna-

; American Committee for Protec- tives to the Atlantic Paet 

tion o! Foreign Born Council on African Affaire 

Amerlcan Committee for Yuogoslav Daily Worker 

Relief Dinner for Pearl Hart 

American Continental Congress for \\'.E. B. DuBois Testimonial 

1 World Peace Sponsoring Committee 

1 Amnican Cruaade to End ... ¥111011;-j.liioo~I!Oncy Civil Liberties Com1 ing mittee 

! American Folkuy Group Emergency Peace Mobilization 

. 1 I American Peace Mobilization First Line of Defense 

' 

) American~Soviet Jrluaic Society Frederick Douglas• School I American Youth CongTeaa Harlem Employment Committee 

f i 1~~i;;~~~:n~ ~n:::n~::r;~i- ~:~?~~:.• ~~~;~!00ior Peace 

ll Bill of Rights Conference Jefft!rson School of Social Science 

I

' Boston Freedom of the Preee League of Struggle for Neero 

Committee Right.o 

\Brooklyn Profeasional Committee Leaeue of Young Southerners 

! lor Democratic CIUna Main Stream 

I

.Uruwnsville Freedom of the Preas Maut:l 4\: Main•tream 

Committee (Brooklyn) )lethodiat Federation for Social 

Camp )(inderl&nd .Actior, 

1 Chicago Ad Hoc Committee of ltetropolitan Muaic School I 

1 Welcome for the Dean of Can- Michit:;aD Herald 

1 f-'!rbury Mid-Century Conlerenre for Peace I Chicago Committee to Defeat the Mother Bloor Celebration Commit· 

I Mundt Bill tee 

Chicago Committee to Secure lua· Nation Aooociatea 

' tit-e in the Rosenburc Cue National Citizen• Emercency ReCititens Emergency Conference for lief Committee to Aid Striken 

lnte"acial Unity Families 

: Citiuna Emergency Defenae Con- National Citizen. Political Aetion 

1 ference Committee 

1 Civil Ri~~;hto ConCTU• National Committee to Abolish the 

1 Committee for a Cultural Salute Poll Tax 

w Paul Robeoon National c.mmittee for Peaeeful 

New York Youth Council 

Open Letter on Militaey Aid to 

Spain 

Open Letter Protesting Deportation of Harry Bridce• 

Peace. Information Center 

Peopl;-a Artilta 

Peopl•'• Dally World. 

P~ple'• Drama Theatre 

People'.! !nJ.titu~ of Applied Religion 

People'• Sonp 

Petition to Reconsider Prneeu~ 

tlons Undu the Smith Act 

Politi('&] Affairs 

Pror-nssive Citizens of America 

Progl'eaaive Party of Masua 

ebuae"ta 

Protest Meeting !or Howard Fast 

Protestant Digest Aeaociate• 

Proteat against Verdict oi GuUty 

In C.•• of 11 Communist Leaden 

School for Political Action Teehllique 

Schroon Creot Camp 

Sing Out 

Southern Conferenee Educational 

••und 

Southern Conference for Human 

Wolf.,.., 

Southern NegTo Youth Congreu 

Stop Rankin Meetine 

Swapping Bone Fair 

Teachers Union, Local &65 

Testimonial Concert "Bound for 

Gloey" for Woodie Guthrie 

United Office and Profeoaional 

Workers of America, Local 16 

United J'ackinchouao Worken of 

America 

United Statoa Arrancemenll Committee, World Youth Conii;HU 

n A Rnllnaorinr Committee fOT 
ffit'elln,6 WB~ 

directed by Reverend John ]3. 

Thcmpson, chaplain, University of 

Chirago. Reverend Thompson has 

a lengthy record of Communist affiliations which appears elsewhere 

in this folder. The direction of the 

entire school was under the. leaderzhip, as usual, of Myles Horton. 

There were representative leaders of the TUSKEEGEE, ALABAMA BOYCO'IT, the TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA BUS INCIDENT, the MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA BUS BOYCO'IT, the 

S 0 U T H CAROLINA - NAACP 

SCHOOL TEACHERS INCIDENT, 

the KOININIA !!'iTER-RACIAL 

FARM- AMERICUS, GEORGIA, 

and CLI!'iTON, TENNESSEE. 

SCHOOL INCIDENT among others. 

~hey mPt at this workshop anc' 

discussed methods and UletiC's of 

pr~cipitating r•cial strife and disturbance. 

The mf'eting of such a largE' 

......... , ... nf ..... .,n:<>li~~!'! !n inter-racia: 

aLrife under the auspices of a Communi3t Training School, and in the 

company of many known Communiel3 is the typical method whereb) 

leadership tra.ining and tactics are 

ft•rni~hed to the agitators. This 

~li-' a gl'm·nd workshop and would 

h-' ~ '"-C· ....-.n .. t ,.,... . ..,._mon !r1~thod of de-

\'E'Ioping a long range program. 

In spe.-ific emergency aituations. 

w-JG be aent lnto tht 

ccmmunities to assi1t . .--·.-m~ f'7.u.t".1ples of the 

,_.~ 1"'::- d,.r~Shlp was the appearancE 

v• .G,:ynrd Ru!n.in, who appeared 

i..-. tht Daily V.'orkN, as secretary 

c.:i lit··. Martin Luthtor King, The 

u,-~,..:-o~.rann• of Dun West, promir.t-nl C"mmunist functionary. at 

1\"i~·wni~t Ferrr. di!turbancea anC: 

~:,~.- ~~~ t'limin.ttry aurveys rondurted 

f'.\· Jchn Hop.._., ll, preparatory tc 

the Tullaha~!iet> Bus Incident. 

HIGIILAN!JER EXECL'TI\'ES 

T~, fvlbwing· iJO a listing of th( 

e)(~cutivt>s of Higlllander Folk 

Sa,,J(.: 1 as it appeared in their 24th 

1 t·<'!•Ort of Odober 30, 1956. 

Jl P HP ~7r'.4.L. Dca.n, Morehouse 

Crll"'~"""' ,t,tl ..... tJ> r.~~"rgia. 

be..' lUI A CLAKK, Highlander 

Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn. 

r;p \;·;,; HAMILTON, Atlanta Urbar. L:ague, Atlanta, Georcia. 

{,. R. HATH A WAY, Secy.-Treas., 

~.TWA-CIO, Chicaco, DJ. 

JOH !'i HOPE, II, Industrial Relalations Consultant, Fiak Uni. 

versity, Nashvi!!e, T~nn. 

il.Jitl0."'1, Director, High-

..:t.~ } wi.K School, Monteagle, 

Tem •. 

(Continued on P<li'• 4) 

MYll .ORTON the director of Highlander Folk Schoc! -'eagle, 

Tennessee, Is shown speaking. Reverend John B. Thompson, chaplain UniversitY of Chicago directed 1M Labor Day WMkend 1957 

. ·' 

,I 

'1 

FRED ROUTH, a headquarters official of Southern Regional Council, 

63 Auburn Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Georgia, is pictured above leading 

a worklhop. In at least one of thew sessions. tfJe tactics of including women and children in racial demonstrations and Incidents was 

propounded on the basis that police ore reluctont to shoot women 

and children_ 

Southern Regional Council k the recipient of Ford, Fund for tt.e 

Republic grants of $.497,000.00. Fund for 1M Republic grants originated with the Ford Motor Company. Southern Regional Council Is 

the parent orvonizotion of 12 statewide Councils on Human Relations operated only in the Southern Stoles. 

Southern Regional Council has been oble to exploit 1M facilities of 

reiigion and education becouw af a quosi·reiigious s;atus afforded 

by occupancy of space in a building owned by o huge church . 

The leoderohip of few unm of the Communist opporat"' have rK· 

ord• of Communist offiliotions which excMd those of ..,_nt and 

past directors of Southern Regional Cour..:U. 

.. 

Seminar. loth Horton and Tho· 

UM!ul aids to tt.e Communi•! o: 

Tlte Daily Worler, officio I orgc 

the faundotion of Southern R· 

Negro Communis.t, presently hec 

of the Communist Party. Jackson 

ment of Sowthern Conference Ec 

ference for .ttuman Welfare, b 

parts of the Communill opparot 

otes with Southern Regionol Cc 

The American legion firing lin£ 

Incorporating papen say. "Thi, 

Court of fuhon County, State of 

lncorporaton of the Council as fc •• -•U 0 .... I "'.L ___ f , 

MC\.1111, ana Dlsnop Annur .J. r 

Charle• S. Johnson, of No•hvill< 

Dr. Howard W. Odum, Chapel r 

of the Incorporation, Book 062 

New, Yori: Timel', 10-17..57.) 
:.ve lon" been regarded. a.s 

'· 

' Ccm:-n:.ml-tt ~arty, credih 

Fl"'tnvii t.... iirro inrL-•~"~". 

>!.rthern A.-fairs Commission 

credited with the estobli•h· 

Fund.; ood Southern Con· 

or:l:to1tons ere recognized 

hove i11ter!od!:ine dired9r· 

15, 1957, referring to the 

1ent, filed in the Superior 

io, listed the nomes of five 

Dr. Rulv• E. Clemeot. Rol<>h 

of Atlanta, Georg.io; Or. 

'uee (now decea.ed); and 

rth Carolina. (See Petition 

. M-67, 1~; ond "The 

or 

Eastern Policy 

Committee to End Sedii.ion Lawa 

Committee .. lor Equal Juatic:e for 

Mrs. Recy Taylor, an auxiJiary 

of International I..bor Defense 

Committee for the Firat Amendment 

Committee for the Netrro In the 

Arts 

Committee for Peaceful Altemativea to the Atlantic Pact 

I Cc;~::~~r!o g::re Ju:tice in the 

: Commonwealth College 

' Communist Party 

i Consumers Union 

McCarran Act 

National Council of the Arts, Sc:teneea and Profession.& 

National Coune~ at. Amerlc:au-So-

'liet Frlendahlp 

National Neero Cona-reaa 

National Neero Labor Council 

Nature }'rienda of America 

New Drama 

NewM.uae~~ 

New York City Council at the 

American Youth Concrea• 

New York Committee fur Pcutcetion of Foreip Born 

New York Community Diviaiona of 

the Committee to Free Earl 

Brow-der 

V eterana aplnat Dioerlmlnation at 

Ci'lil Righta ContrrOU at· New 

York 

veterans F~htlnc Fund for Eu- cene Donnla 

Voice of Freedom Committee 

Waahincton Committee for Demoaatie Action 

Westchester Peekskill Committee 

Wingdale Lodce 

Win.the·Peaee Conferenee • 

Wire t.u p-raidcnt Truman to Veto 

the HeCarran Bill 

Workers Allianee 

Young People'• Record Club 

Young Progreuives 

'-----------------------------------------------------------------

House Committee Citations 

A few of the Communist Fronts listed above are de·-

fined so that the readers may more fully understand their 

.. ctivities. All definitions are taken from "GUIDE TO 

:SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS" 

. published January 2, 1957 by the U. S. House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities, Washington, 

D. C. 

A::~:i~w!~J'~i~~~~R I. :o~;:;:n~~Le~:,;;~~~~~~ ............. as auovenuve uy an mveaLJgaLm& 

"'To defend the casea of Com- Committee of the Arkanau Legismuniat lawbreakera, front& have lature. Jt r«eived money from the 

been devi&ed making special ap- Garland Fund. 

peals in behalf of civil liberties EMEHGENC"Y PEACE 

and _r•arhl:"tr_ ou~ far bor_yon~ th• • MUHILIZATIO:S 

~onfine• of the Communi·~ r~rt)' I Cit.ed. .. • Communl•t. fron. 

lhelf. Amon., theae organu:.at.aona h' h f h afte Stal" are the • . . American Commit- ~ IC: ~me 0 "; • • r 11• 

tee for Protection of Foreign Born. Signed h•s ~ct With Hitler, to Op· 

When the Communist Party itseb pose the national ~e~ense program, · d r· h ff b 1 lend-lease, eonscrlptton, and othe1 Ut un er Ire t. ese" o er a u - American "war-mongering" eft"orts 

wark of protection. It immediately preceded the AmerAMERIC AN YOUTH CONGRESS lean Pea<e Hobilization In 1940. 

"It originated in 1934 and· .•. 

baa been controlled by Communiats 

and manipuiatea DY them to influence the thought of American 

youth." 

CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS 

Cited as an organization formed I ~ 

at a Congreaa on Civil Rights held 

in Detroit in April 1946 u a mer· 

~r of two other CommuniJt.front 

organizationa (lnternatioi1al Labor 

Defenae and the Nationai Federation for Conatitutional Libertiea); 

it was "dedicated not to the broader iasuea of civil liberties, but epeeifieally to the defense of Individual Communi!t! ~nd ~e Communiat Party" and "controlled by in· 

d.ividuala who are either members 

of the Communiat Party or openly 

Joyal to it." 

LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE 

FOR NEGRO RIGHTS 

"The Communiat·front movemen\ 

in the United Statea among Nel'foe& ia known aa the Nationa. 

NeCTO Congreaa. PractieaBy tht. 

same croup of leaden directing 

this directed the League of Struggle for Ne~o Ri&hta, which was, 

until 2 yean ago, the name of the 

f'...ommuniata front for Negroea. 

The name wu later changed - •• 

in 193G tc t!1e Nsti!:m~l Negro 

Con...,...." 

METHODIST FEDERATION 

FOR SOCIAL ACTION 

"With an eYe to reli£ioua uoupa, 

the Commu.;Jata hav; fomled n_. 

ligioua fronta 1uch aa the Metbodiat Federation for Social Action ••• " 

NATIONAL COMMITI'EE TO 

REPEAL THE HcCARRAN ACT 

"To defend the cues of Commu-

:"Aist lawbreakers, fronta have been 

devised making apecial appeals in 

hehel! of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of 

the Communiat Party itself. Among 

these organizations are the . . . 

National Committee to Repeal the 

McCarran Act. When the ~=-

mnnist Party Jtaelf U under fire 

thea~ offer a bulwark of protection.'" 

N.4.TJONAL NEGRO CONGRE..'CS 

•'Th~ Communiat-front movem.nt 

In t.h~ Unit..d States amonK' Necroea la known aa ihe National 

Negro Convess .••• The officers 

of the National Negro Conpeaa 

are outspoken Communist aym· 

pathiaera, and a majority of those 

on the executive board are out· 

right Communists." 

NATIONAL NEGRO LABOR 

COUNCIL 

"One of the Communist !rents 

currently active in aeeking to deceive American Nevoes into HfV· 

in~ the Communiat cause ia the Na· 

tional Negro Labor Council • • • 

The organization wu formally 

founded at a conference beld In 

Cincinnati, Ohio, October 27 and 

28, 1951, under the clirectlon of 

leading NegTo Communist& In the 

United States, ou<h u Abner Berry, Sam ·W. Parka, &Dei Coieman 

A. Young. Aeeordinc to the latest 

avaHable information, Young ia the 

preaent National executive aeeretary of the organisation, from 

which post be eontrolA and directs 

NNLC actlvltlea ••• A otudy of 

the operation of the eouneil abowa 

that, rather than helping the Ne-

(Continued on pace •> 
. .. • 

• 

i .. ' -- ... )· 

,. 

LiSTED ELSEWHERE in thio folder are the Communiot related record• of Reverend John B. Thompson 

(seated), chaplain University of ChicaQO and chairman of thi1 four day seminar and Aubrey Williams, 

Mont;;omery, Alabama, preoident Southern Conference Education Fund, Inc. and puplioher, Southern 

Form and Home Ma;azine. 

Experh on Communiom ob..,rve the record of Aubrey William• to reflect anti-US foreign policy and 

anti-US domeotic policy. Ao early ao 1944 a report of the Committee of which Congre .. man Die• 

wos chairman named Aubrey Williams 01 a member of the National Citizens Political Action Committee and cited that organization as "the aupreme bid of the ~ommunist Party for power in the 

United State• through a front." 

few people If any have aided tlte Communlot Party more In its conopirocy against peoce between 

the race• In the oouthem port of the Un~ed States than did Aubrey Williamo. · 

It ls lncredibl~ that any man with o record of Communiit affiliation like that of John B. Thompoon . • -•- •- - --- ,_ ___ ,, .. : .... lftd;.,.utlftn_ 

Lab 

• 

\ 

( 
! • 

' 

---

MARTIN LUTHER KING AND REVeREND ABERNATHY, 

h• •• ovt,tondmg leadership people of the infamous Montgomery, Alabama, bus Incident. The 

de>elopm•nt, precipitation and finoncin11 of thi~ Inflammatory project called for behind the ocenes 

,.:_.,,,,,,., o.,,j direction beyond the ability or cap~cily of local people. The relationship between 

Comm·Jni>l leadership and rociol strife Is evident from coos! Ia coast and from the Gulf of Mexico 

Ia tho Great Lokea. 

CONRAD BROWNE (with 

treme right), Clinton, Tenc 

Browne was a resident lee 

arising at this IOCialistic 

Hi11hlander Folk School w: 

Folk School jointly opew 

Allen McSwain is credited 

Reverend Maurice McCro: 

St. lamabus Church and 

ganization, 901 findlay s· 

of Koinonia Farm. 
..... ~ -~' .! ,',; ' • .... j. ;::;-- .......... ..... '"' ~- ~ - ......... ~ -.;- ~ -.. • ...... - ....... ~. ,.. .•. -·-~ - ' .•. -

\ .. • 6 

• 

rDay eekendatC 

19 

!- : ,' 

. . 

... . 

·'!,f ·)' \. 

\ :j¥ ' 1 .~ \ \. 

i' J 1 AJ-.~ r • · 
' 

tnmuniSt TrainingS 

C. N. PARRISH (on left) who wos panel moderator on the questio• 

lion on the People?" b ohown with Rosa Parb (3rd from left) o• 

left). 

Rosa Parks wo• one of the original leaders of the Montgomery Bus 

aulted in strife and violence In the Alabama capitol and continues 

Maurice McCracken b affiliated with Neighborhood Houae, 901 f, 
.ool 

he Impact of Integra· 

~,4.-(·~rke., (A1h from 

hfs. rJgitati"ln has re· 

le~~;cn <Jnd di•quiet. 

, C.nc..nnati, Ohio. 

THIS PICTURE of a otation wagon leHered FINDlAY STREET, NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE, CINCIN· 

NATI, OHIO, io included lor the purpooe of illustrating how mony units of the Communiot apparatuo 

are o.sisted by organizations purportedly charitable or religious in nature. 

Reverend Maurice McCracken of Neighborhood Houoe, Cincinnati, who is pictured el .. where aHended 

this Communist Training School'. Apparently he uted this station wagon as transportation. 

Neighborhood House io located at 901 Findlay Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, and is oupparted by the 

Community Chest. This oame addre" io als,o the addreos al Friend• of Koinonia Fanno. 
1 Highlander Folk School labor DayWeekend Seminar were lnle· 

. 

(~~ ...... 

{ir. . ·. -~ .: -:- "i 

,. 

~;:,4.;£i 

~~~~~ ~oinonio form Leader, Americus, Georgia, Allen McSwain (ex· 

Reverend Maurice McCracken (2nd from right), Cincinnati, Ohio. 

onio Fo,.., during the violence, boycotts and other incidents 

:ommunity. Don West, the identified Communist co-founder of 

to be a frequent visitor to Koinonia. Koinonia and Highlander 

aciol "summer camp." 

Jita!ir;g 'he C!in;on, Tennenee, public school incident. 

om~f!'c•t-d with raciol unrest in Cincinnati, Ohio, is pastor of 1 with Neighborhood House, a community chest aupported or· 

loti, Ohio. 901 Findlay Street Is also Jhe address of Friends 

PETE SEEGER is typical of the entertainer who gives his time and 

talent to the oupport of the Communist opporatus. He is o talented 

musician who Is in attendance at many meetings such as this 

Communist Training School at Highlander. 

The Daily Worker of February 22, 1949, lists Pete Seeger as 

a porticlpont In the New York State Youth Board af the Cammuniat Party. 

( 
tRtNIJ MARliN LUTHER KING addresses the assemblage. 

!rend King,president of the Southern Christian Leadenhip Con· 

nee is best known for his activities in the Montgomery loycoH, 

1tgomery Improvement As.ociation and the March an Washingwhich he conducted with llayord Rustin. The Daily Worker lisls 

ard Ru5t;n os or.e whc attended the 1957 convention of the 

1munis! Party USA. llayard Rustin is identified in the Doily 

·ker as secretory to Reverend Martin Luther King. 

The octivitiel of Reverend Martin luther Kin; represent the 

1ote in "civil disobedienc:e." It is doubtful that Reverend King 

d have corried on such a program without out~oide leadenhip 

financing; llayord Ru•lin b perhapo ·the leading expert on 

I dis-obed;ence" in thi\ country. 

ihe Southern Christian teacier\hlp Conference is a new organ· 

on founded by Reverend King for region-wide aghation of 

of violt!intu ond strife. 

ROSA PARKS, who prpcipitated the Montgomery Alabama Bus BovcoH 

York's Henry Street SeHiement listen to group training under the ,.. -_ .. -_I ,.. - - •~ r ·' - • . -. . \o.emrol ~ommmee 01 me \..ommunllt P"arty. 

Berry reported the meeting of this Communiot Training School In his 

September 10, 1957. 

CHARlES GOMilUON, Dean of at Tuskegee Institute, 

Aiobamo, Doytoit; hia agitation h in lar;e pori responsibli fo; 

Gomillion has been most vehement In his defense af Communisb 

twfndiOil'IJ ft...,..t; J -r...tr...w .,...,..1 s-l:r--.t-- L-··- L--- -----
·~ .. _.,... .••• : ...... _ . ..,7 New 

1l eye o! Abner Berry of the 

umn in the Daily Worker of 

.Lt;:· '~;~;;~ ::.1 thG 'Tuskeg&e, 

i ish.d:·•:::!rKe. 

the Communis1 Porfy. His 

~o·;•""'•M ~ .. ~ )':"'!"!'~ £r'0Upl. 

•• 

- ' 

,--

•._ 

PICTURED HERE ore leaders of five recent ocenes of racial disturbance and violence. 

Septima Clark, preoently director of Highlander integration workshop was OIIIOCioted with the South 

Corolino-NAACP School Teachers Incident. 

Conrad Browne is a leader of inter·racial Koinonia Farms, Americus, Georgia, the scene of boycotts, 

disturbances and violence. 

Dovid H. Brook. was a leader of the Tollahasoee Bus Boycott. This incident was commenced only after 

a psychological 1urvey of the area had been made to determine the outcome. 

Rosa Parks was the central figure in the agitotion which resulted in the Montgomery Ius loycoH. 

Charles Gomillion, Dean of Studenh at Tuskegee lnsthute, was the leader of the Tuskegee Boycott. 

- ' ·-h.' 

-. ~- ....._~, 

PICTURED HERE (foreground) is Abner W. Berry of the Central Committee of the Communis! Party. 

On the first row ore Reverend Martin Luther King (2nd from right) of the Montgomery Boycott, 

Aubrey Williams (3rd from right) president of the Southern Conference Education Fund Inc. and 

Myles Horton (4th from Right) the director of Highlander folk School. 

These "four horsemen" of racial agitation Mve brought tension, disturbance, strife and violence In 

their advancement of the Communi>! cloctrine of "racial notionalilm". 
Every American Bas Jhe 

Righi lo Know lbe Truth 

EDITORIAL COMMENT 

On the preceding pages you have seen pictures of the 

leaders of every major race incident in the South from May 

1954 until the time of this meeting, Labor Day, 1957 Weekend (August 30, 31 and September l, 2). You have seen 

executivee and leaders of many organizations active in the 

southeastern region of the United States. All of the pictures 

cont..ined in this folder were taken during this one weekend 

at this Communist training school, Highlander Folk School, 

Monteagle, Tennessee. 

• .......... ~ •J.L -..ne national figures are easily identified with 

their pictures. Other names of lesser figures are those gi~en 

t,J the phut.ographer in introductions and self identifications. 

It has been our purpose, as rapidly as possible, to 

identify the leaders and participants of this Communist 

tr:1i:~:ng sclwol and disseminate this information to the 

erai p:1~lic. This Commission would appreciate your furnish-

~116 ~ ~" '-nJ further identifications you can make. 

It behvvves eac\j of us to learn more of Communist in-

::. ·~··"·' ...... ch~ aJr~ction of Communist movements. Only 

through inf,.>r:nation and knowledge can we combat this 

;,:,(_; IHt:d.j....:e t_,J Constitutional government. 

Ai: . ' :cr.y p<>rt of this folder may be reproduced by any 

;.•c;·c_-J; ''· . , ·'"''i1.ation with or without credit being given 

Georgia Commission on Education 

Governor Marvin Griffin, Chairman 

T. V. Wi!\;em.,, .Jr., Executive Secretary 

;i;:..!U Agriculture Bldg. 

19 H•mter St., S.W. 

Atlanta. Ga. 

Records of Don West, John B. Thompson, 

J,. ·~~. ""'-r-.browski, Aubrey Williams 

-·""<" ... ,.,w &re the records of Communist Affiliation; 

••••• .., die Je><Oers of Highlander Folk School. 

JAMES DOMBROWSKI 

.:n.~JN B. THOMPSON 

lH!)'; WEST 

,J.l'PREY WILLIAMS 

Each of the'e four men was prominent in the establishment 

of Wghlancer Fulk School or in its subsequ~nt operation. 

Queatiou Bulletin, Ju~e (18) National c:tisens Er· 

page 1. cy Rel:et Comm:ttee to Aid 

(21) Mid·Century Conference for era Fam~Ees-member of r .. 

Pe3.ce--initiat~ng JponJ~r-W o.~rli:· b<.~ard-n· orker, March 1 i. 

or, April 30, 1950, page 15. page &. 

i22) Nat:onal C~mm'ttte tc (19) National Citizens p, 

Abol!ah the Poll Tax-!lpo~uo~·- Action Comm:ttee- memb _ 

letterhead, March 8, 1946. fici.a1 Hst, August 1944. 

123) ~at!onal Comm:tte2 for (20) N:atiLnaJ Cjtizens p, 

Peaceful Alternatives - e:>..chair- >\ctio:t C::~mm:ttee-vice exl 

mm.n-fo\de-r, De::ember l95J. board-p:lmphJet, December ~ 

(24) Nat~ona.l Committee to Re- (22) Nation3 1 Committee t 

peal the Af:-Carran Acl-in:tiotoJ p•al the M::Carran Acts-Sib .. 

--Je:.terhe:~.d, Jan:.~ary 19, 1951. open letter to Senator Hen,·· 

(25) National Committee b Re- pre38 release. November 14, 1 

peal the McCan an Acts-signer o~ (23) Peace Information C 

open IP.tter to Se:1.ator Henn:ng-s- --endorser of World Peace A 

letter, Kove:nber 14, 1955. -leaflet, AulrWit 81, 1950. 

(26) National Council of Amer- (24) New York City Cour .. 

!can-Soviet Frien.:lship-member tc the Am~rican Youth Congt (· 

welcome the Dean of Canterbary speaker at New York State n 

-booklet, November 1948. Jegb-lature of yo·Jth---c:all &nd 

(27) National CounC'il of the .-ram, January 28-30, 1938. 

Arts, Scie'1ces and Pr<ofeui>on•-1 (25) Petition to Recor. 

signer of ad-St. Louis Poet-Dia .. Prosecutions Under the Smitf. 

patrh, lune 20, 1951. --eigne.r-New York Times, 

128) Ope' Letter on Military gust 8, 1955, page 9; Daily \1 

.o\id to Spain-signer-Daily Work· er, Aui"Ust 8, 1965, page 8. 

or. lillY 17, 1951, page 9. (26) Prolr'"Hsive Citizens 

(Z9) Open Letter Protestin:r De- Amt"riea---peaker at rally, H\, 

portation of HarT)? Bridgu--•!gn- Williams' testimony befon Sf:· 

or-letter, April 22. 1943. Internal Security Subcomm.: 

(30) Protest againat Verdi<t of March 19, 1964, page 112. 

Guilty in Case of 11 Communist (27) Provessive Citizens 

'-eaders-apo~{e out against verdict America--elected to board of 

-Work•r, October 30, 1949, p. 8. rectors-Daily Worker, Moy l 

(31) People'l Institute of Ap- 128) Protest Meeting for H 

J:ed Religion - apons::tr - ard Fast-.ponaor-Ne• Ma-.~ 

Jeod, April 16, 1963. October 14, 1947, page 24. 

(32) Protestant Digest Ass~i- (29) Southern Conference E 

ltes-eigner o! call to d:n:ler-for- cational Fund-president: f"nil· 

Jm--("aiJ, Februa:y 25, 1941· er of declaration-folder, Novt· 

(33) Southern Con:ere,, Edu- ber 20, 1948. 

eational Fund-ma-mber of b.lard (30) Southern Conference Ec of direztors -letterhead, J .;.:tury cational Fund-pnaidenti spon.~ 1951. and epeaku at first soutbwide c ( (84) Southern Conferuoe for 

terence on discrimination in hig l Human Welfare--vice preJ Jen.rh!tterhead, July 25, 1947• education-pro~rram, April 8, H•: 

(31) Southern Conference Ed 

(35) U. 8. Sponsoring Co:.J"l!it- eational Fund-president-lett. 

tee for Representation at the Con- Janual')' l95l. 

gress o! the for Pea 
.. ~ :opvn:.ot~ptt:~s 1ea~as~t, LJ< .. ember cational Fund---opreaident and me:1 

ber -rd of dlrecto,.._letterhea •' 

July 1964. 

Scnool. 

HONALD L. WEST 

(1) American Peace Mobilization--endorser--call to American 

People's Meeting, April 6-6, 1941. 

(2) Book Union- contributorNew MaJiaea, October 1, 1935, back 

cover. 

(3) Committee for Equal Justice 

for Mrs, Rccy Taylor, an auxiliary 

oi international Labor Defensemember of committee of sponsors 

-booklet, August 1945. 

(4) Communist Party -member 

-House Committee Report on 

Southern Conference for Human 

Welfare, 1947, page 6. 

( 5) Educators for 'Wallacemember-varnplalet, October 1948. 

(6) Mother Bloor Celebration 

Committee--sent greetings--booklet, undated. 

(7) National Council ot the Arts, 

of conference--report of conferenc•, Octob<or 9-10, 1948. 

(8) National Federation for Conltitutional Liberties - signer of 

open letter asking the President 

to rescind Biddle decision on HarTY Brjdges-booklet, July 11, 1942. 

{~;; ~~.,.~;o:,;_.::.: 11.'alh:.::e !cr Pr~sident Committee - member--press 

T't'lPRSI:'. Ma•ch 23, 1948. 

er of open letter for-Daily Work· 

er, March 81, 1955, page 8. 

(2) American Continental Congress for World Peace--eponsorDaily Worker, July 29, 1949, pag£ 

5. 

(3) American Cruaade to En! 

Lynching-signer of call to pilgri· 

mage to '9.-·ashington, D. C.-call 

s~ptember 23, 1945. 

(4) American Peace Mobilization- chalrman- Daily Worker, 

September 3, 1940, page 4. 

(6) Appeal to Guard Civil 

Rights- 1igner- Daily Worker. 

August 28, 1950, page 3. 

(6) Bill of Rights Conferen<.,_ 

sponsor-program and caU, July 

16. 1949. 

(7) Chicago Ad Hoc Committee 

of Welcome for the Dean of Canterbury - member - folder, November 1948. 

(8) Chicago Committee to Defeat the Mundt Bill-signer of 

statement-Daily 'Worker, September 15, 1950, page 9. 

(9) Chicago Committee to Secure 

Justice in the Rosenberg Casesigner of open Jetter-D•iJy 'Worktot. December 26, i952, page 8. 

(10) Citizens Emergency Conference for Interracial Unity--delegate--booklet, September 26, 

1913. 

( 10) New Masses- contributor 

-?tl'~w M11.uea, April 10, June 5, 

•t>j .: .. ~··t :ZG, 193~; August 27, (11) Committee to Defend Amer- 1H3f.; 1-lay 28, 1946. 

0 1 ) Open Utter on Harry 1 ica by Keeping Out of War--chairBri.dgoes __ signer_ Daily '\o\''or-l.:rr ! mlln-letterhu.d, August tO, 1.940. 

J.Ily JP 1St2, page 4. ' (12) Committee !or Equal Jus-

(12, h~opht'a Inatitute of Ap- tice for Mrs. Recy Taylor, an auxplied Rehgwn-aiate director for 1

liary of International Labor DeG€o:-g-iu--1etterhead, December 11, tense- aponaor-booklet, August 

1940. 1945. 

(13) People"a Institute of Ap (13) Committee for Peaceful 

plied Religion-sponsor and 11tate ·-'ltertlatives - vice-chairman -

director for Georgia- letterhead, letterhead, March 30, 1960. 

Febr..J.ary 12, 1941. (14) Continuations Committee of 

; 1~ '. p ... ...,r,)~·~ Int~titl.l'tt- of .Ap- ~he Conference on Peaceful Alterplied Rt'hgion-field leader-let- ,atives to the Atlantic Pact-initit.erheai, J..pril 9, 1942. '!tor-Daily '\\'orker, August 22, 

~15; ~-'t~0f;£'s Institute of Ap- 1949, page 3. 

~~~- ~ r:~·~~-.'.~-~a ~~~~:~p:! ~;::~~I tic~ ;; t~:~:~:~~r~ c:::i;:; 

ary 1, 1948. of open letter-Hyde Park Herald, 

(16) People'• Institute of Ap· 1962. 

p;)ed R.oeJig-ion-member of South- (16) Dinner for Pearl Uart-

~r ,; Cvmmhtee--letterhe-ad, April sp-onsor-Daily Worker, April 6, 

16. 1953. 1960, page 4. 

( 17 j ?dot ( Comrnunist.-controUed weekly, of National Maritime 

lJnion)-wt"iter for-- Pilot, May 

11, 1945, page 17. 

:- ~::.;w.ern Ccmfcrenc:e for 

'"-·"':. \' • .::Har~-ei¥nf..'l of Iuanife!>tt.---sQ~thrm Patriot, June 1947, 

~-r !l es ai-6. 

JOHN B. TBOMI'!'\ON 

( 1) American Committee for 

~.,..·~t~+i""' "'f FnJ"f'ign Rorn-aign 

(17) Emergency Peaee Mobilization--sponsor~JI and program, 

Auguot 81-September 2, 1940. 

( 18) Interfaith Committee for 

Peace Action- aponaor -leaflet, 

October "1, 1961. 

(19) League of Younc Soutberne~ponsor- ]ettforbead, AUJ"ust 

13, 1940. 

(20) Jrletbodiot Federation for 

Soc:lal Aetion - opeaker - 8oda1 

9, 1962. 

( 36) 'tl ire to President Truman 

to Veto the McCarran Bill-initia· 

tor-Worker, &ptember 17, 1950, 

page a. 

(83) Boutberu Confennce Ed·. 

eational Fund - president ar, 

member of ~ of dlrectors--le' 

AUBREY WILLIAMS head, Aprll19&5. 

(1) American Committe• for (lW) Soutberu Conference Ed. 

Protection of Foreign Born-•pon- eational Funtt---.Janer of petit i(' 

•or of eonference-prozr~m and to Senator Henninp-petition, N ( 

,...n n ... tnh•T 21i.27_ uug_ vember 7, 1955. 

-~·2)-A;,:;;;;c-;n-c,.;;;~d~ to End! (B&) Southern Conference Ed·. 

Lynching-signer of cJ.ll to pil- eational Fund-president-Soul! 

!rrimage to Washington-.,all, Sep- Patriot, December 1956, page 4. 

tember 2J. 1946. (36) Southern Conference f< 

(8) American Youth Congress- Human Welfare-speaker at c0: 

epeaker at 2 or 3 of the'r annual ference-program, November 2· 

meetintr!S--WilJia:lu' test:mony be- 2a, 1938. 

fore Senate Internal Se~~ri~y Sub- (87) Southern Conference f( 

commit~e. Jdarch 19, JDjJ, p. 109 Human Welfar~peaker at co: 

(4) Appeal to Guard Civil Right• ference-program and call, Apr 

-signer--Daiiy worker. Aaguat. 14-16, 1940. 

28, 1950, page 3. (88) Southern Conference f, 

(6) Aa~ociat!on of Interne:> and Human Welfare-aigner of pe~ 

Mffi.ical Stude~ts-speaker at an- tion to U. S. Senate-Daily "·or\ 

nual tonvention~ffic!al pro.:.ram, et. January 28, 1946, page 11. 

December 27-30, 1950. (39) Southern Conference f 

(6) Brief Amid C ·r·.:.~ for the Human Welfare - chairman 

Communist Party-aigner-U. S. nominating eommittee, 1946-W 

Supreme Court, October 1955. Iiams' t~atimony before Senate I 

(7) Civil Rights C:n -re:;:; ternal See u r,i t y Subcommitt · 

speaker at rally, Septem!:>er 11~ March 19, 1964, page 103. 

1947-Williams' testimony before (.f.O) Southern Conference f 

Senate Internal Se::urity Subcom- Human Welfare--eigner of ma! 

mittee, March 19, 1954, page 107. festo- Southern Patriot, Ju 

(8) Committee to End Sedition 1947, pagea 4-6. 

Law~~-Bigner of atateme'"lt-pl-ess (41) Southern Conference f 

release, November 19, 1955. Human Welfare-member of boa 

(9) Committ.ee for Peaceful Al- of representative• - letUrhe: 

tcrnatives to the Atlantic Pact- July 25, 1947. ' 

member cf executive board-Jetter- (.C2} W11.ahington Committee f 

head, September 16, 1950. Democrat!< Action - member 

(10) Commonwealth CoJlege- membership list, 1939. 

aerved on committee and eontribu- (43) Workera Alliance - p: 

ted to- Massachusetts investiga- tribute to-Appendix IX, p:, 

tion of Communists, 1938. 1749. 

(11) Continuations Committee of 

the Con!nence on Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact-

,signer of open !etter to Congress 

-letter, August 21, 1949; Daily 

Worker, August 22, 1949, page S. 

(12) Daily Worbr-petitions U. 

S. Senate-Daily Worker, January 26, 1946, page 9. 

(18) \\'. E. B. DuBois Testimonial Spon,oring Committee--:sponaor-program, February 28, 1961. 

(14) Highlander Folk Schoolmember of board or in aome way 

affiliated with from about 1944 to 

1954-Williams' testimony before 

Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, March 19, 1964, p. 103. 

(16) llainatream--t~ponaor New 

lt .. -.s. October 28, 1947, page 2. 

(16) Mid-Century Conferenc:e for 

Peace--4ponaor~ll, May 29-80, 

1850. 

(17) Mother Jlloor Celebration 

Collllllitl.ee-4pouo~klet 

JAMES A. DOMBROWSKI 

(1) American Committee 

Indonesian Independence- sig--· 

of Jetter-Jndonnian Rt-Yiew, 1 ~· 

(2) American Committee 

Protection of Foreign Born-si: 

er of birthday veeting to Sab 

-Lamp, May 1946, page 3. 

(8) Ameriean Committee 

Protection of Foreign Jl.om-&r 

aor of 16th annivenat')' natic· 

conference- pro,rram, Decerr. · 

11-12, 1948. 

( 4) American Continental C 

gress for Peace, Mexico Cit: 

United States aponsor-lea: 

September 6-10, 1949. 

(6) American Peace CrusaJ 

atgner of call to peace pilgrim. 

to W uhin,rton, D. C.-lea~ 

Ma,..b 1, 1851. 

(6) American Peace Cruud 

aponsor-=-.ltUer head, May 26, L 

(7) A111erican Peaee Cru~ao 
.fi ht-.L::. ";'[iN, (2nd l) President of United Packing Houw Work~ 

f A'""'cdc:o-CIO, is pictured here with Abner W. Berry of the 

mal Ct"ntrol Committee- of the Communist Party. 

Helste-in is r~presentotive of a small group of Labor extremids 

serve the Communist Party by affiliation with the Communist 

ratu~ ond by tne utilization of their own orgonization to 

d iiJ.'.t:''-a:-D•ib' Worku,

1

1 (34) Southern Conference Edu-

:::or ~" ~4 l"&RP 4. cational Jo'und - director - Jett.#rrmer.i f0r Amneetv for the! head, July 1964. 

.tt.bllc:l"' o1 the Communist C35) Southern Con!erenee Edu-

_ ••. '--""" ._.l,~..ocr lnt 6mith cational Fund- director -letter-

:ner- Daily Worker, De· bead, April 1955. 

10, l~E."-. pRge 4. (86) Southern Conference Edu-

:~r:·_·; ._-h ')pen Letter - eational Fund - coordinator of 

l~l~lo':. 8~ptember 19, 1965. Southweatem Regional Conference 

\;ipf t,rro~,.; Cmiu for the on Inteeration-folder, May 17, 

::)t Party--signer-U. s;. 1966. 

Court, October 1955. (37) Southern Conference Edu-

~omrnittee for Equal Jus- cational Fund- director- South-

~~ .... r- ,_ •. , Tr·: lor, en aux~. rrn PatrioL December !956, r"· 4. I . 

· -:·.a: LH.bt~r De- (88) Southern Conference for 

JJns' r -- P ..,oklet, Aucust Human Welfare--executive aMreU!")'-<>fficial report, 1842. 

~cmmittee for :Medical (39) Southern Conference fo: 

-signer of .statement op- Human \\~elfare--exeeutive aeCHJestioning of profesisonal ta17-Dail)· Worker, l&nual'J' 29~ 

1 ;r;.A mf'TiCP.'l A,.tivitie-!f, 1946, J)..-e 4. 

• 

further aims of lhe Communist Party . 

Abner Berry is a member of the Central Committee af the 

Communist Party and is a columnist for the Doily Worker. Berry 

is one of the top ranking Negro Communists in America. His'pres. 

ence at a meetin; such as this teminar insures the Communist Party 

against deviations from the Party principles. . 

rated on Man:h 1955) Ia no less a 

Communist project than ita predece-aaor, Camp Unity." 

WORLD YOUTH CONGRESS 

Cited u a Communist eonference held in the aummer of 1938 

at Vassar Colleee. 

DAlLY WORKER 

'The chief journalistic mouthpiece of the Communilt Party •.•• 

founded In reaponae to direct instructions from the Communist In· 

ternational in Moscow .••• The 

lint lasue of the Daily Worker appeared on ianuary 18, 1924 .••• 

No other paper or 'Publication of 

any kind in all American blatory 

baa ever been loaded with ouch a 

volume of aubvenive. aeditioua. 

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE 

ARTS, SCIENCES- AND 

PROFESSIONS 

Cited .. a Cqmmunlat front 

which Ia "uoed to appeal to opocial 

occupational croupa • • •. • 

VETERANS AGAINST" DlBClll· 

M1NATIONS OF CIVIL RIGHTS 

CONGRESS OF NEW YORK 

Cited .. a oubvenive affiliate 

of the oubvenlve Civil IUa-bta 

eo.._. 

MASSES AND MAINSTREAM · 

Cited .. the •u-r to Nnr 

lfaaaea, "a Communiat mapzine." 

NEW IIASSES 

"NationaJ4o ebculatecl -kly ,C.,..,, __ , - .O.L-
(42) Southern Resident Labor L.- d "Poht1cal A!faira, tor mer ly """en eviaed making apecial ap- Colleges-member of finance cam- peals in behalf~ of civil liberties known as The Communiat, 'a IJI&C'aI Conference on ConstituLiberties in America-

~r-·--progTem, June 7-9, 1940. 

1 Continuations Committee of 

mference on Peaceful Alter· 

paign committee--letterhead, Feb- and reachine out far beyond the line of the theory and praetice of 

ruary 10, 1937. Marxi•m-Leninlampubllabedmonth- confinea of the Communi.Bt Party (43) Statement Defending the itaelf. Among these organizations ly by the Communlat Party of tho 

~ to the .Atlantic Pact~:ign- Communi~Jt Party-!fgner- Da!h • Unjted Statea of Ameriea.' aow · are tne . • • Emergency Civil Lib- · open letter to Congress-let- Worke-r, March 6, 1941, paie 2. ertiea Commitiee. When the Com- calla ftaelf 'a maculne deYoted to 

ugust 21, 1949. (44) Win-the-Peace Conference muniat Party itaelf 11 under fire the theory ud praetlee of MarxInternational 'Workers Or- -apon~or--call, April 6-7, 1946. these .fronts offer a bulwark of iam·Leninism.' Ita ebie.t •litor Ia 

lefender of-Fraternal Out- (45) World Peace Appeal-ign- protection." Eugene Dennill, uecutln oecretary 

-lovember 19~8, page 6. er-leaflet, August 31, 1950. of the pari)'." 

lnt•rnational Workers Or- I ABRAHAM LINCOLN SCHOOL I --------- lefoncier of -Daily Worker, HIGHLANDER EXECUUTIVES "School• under patriotic and be- NAACP Approv•l 

LB, 1951, page 8. (Continued from page 1) nevolent titles indoctrinate Com.tS • • 1

• 

Methodist Federation for munists and outaidera in the the-~ upport, P•rtiClp•tiOft 

Ac~ion-n~mi~ated ~emb_e~· DR. r':~~;~S ~~ .. ~=~ .... R~:~:;.~!:e ~~'-an~-_ p~~~tice -~f _. commu~_ism, ~ Rev~re~d ~~ry~n ~uther Xing, 

:-e by nat1onal membership I ...,v .......... , • w;o"c;""l§""cc ... ,;o.,.,.,._"'"""'' train organJzera ana operauves. n.oaa rarks, {.;ftarJea v. Gomillion, 

1g, December 27·29, 1947- Alabama. recruit new party members and RP.verend David Brooks, AJlen Me· 

~Allot, page 2. I MAY JUSTUS, Tracy City, Tenn. aympathizera • • • A Khool of Swain, Conrad Browne and otben 

Methodist Federation for DR. GEORGE MITCHELL, Execu· this type has been the Abraham ~ho attended this aeuion at High. 

Action- nominee-official[ th·e Director, Southern Re· Lincoln School, Chicago • • • " lander Folk School provided major 

September 2, 1953. 1<ional Council, Atlanta, Ga. AMERICAN PEACE leadership in the following inciMethodist Federation for .

1 

RFV. EUGENE SMATHERS, Cal- MOBILIZATION dent. of interracial lltrtfe: (1) the 

SPTVJ('. e--nommated for na- vary Presbyter•'an Church, B•"g Montgomery Bus Boycott; (2) the Cited as .. one of the most aediti· commJttee-1945 ballot, p. 4. Lick Ten Tuskegee Boycott; (3) the TallaSationa1 Citizens Political ' n. 008 organizations which ev.er op· hassee Bus Boycott; (4) the Clin· 

Committee- member-of· DR. P. A. STEPHENS, Ch3tta· ~;~::-~.~~--:he -~ni~~~ ~~~--~::~ ton School Incident; (6) Kononia 

,t, August 28, 1944. nooga, Tenn. Jmn.Tumem. u~ ""e '-'UIIlmunun. Farms Inter·racial Violence and 

N · 1 c Party line prior to Hitler's attack &tiona om:n:tte• to Re- JORUO:>O STOKES, 111. Attorney the March on Waahington. on Russia.'' ~e .McCarran Act-s:gner of at Law, Nashvme, Tenn. Each of the above.Jiated penona 

ettEI' to members of Con- • d · "d •- haa · ed th -l·t• T J 

10 1951 

I LUCILI.F. THOR!IIBROUGH, As- AMERICAN YOUTH FOR an mc1 en- rece1v e Dll-

... ~ ~.~- · .sr;..uary .. _... . ..:. sociate Editor, East TenJes· DEMOCRACY tiona! acclaim and complete aup--

-"&uonaJ \.,ommnt.ee to .tte·l CJ"ted port oi the Nationai Aaaociation le McCarran Act--signer of see Labor News, Knoxville, as the new name under for Advancement of Colored Peo. -••- t s · · ll I Tenn. which the Young Communist 'l: ..... d o fHa .. vr -:aflmgs ple. In fact, these incident& and the 

l TOM "'RITE Lea~e operates and which atsc. November 14, 1955. " , Sec., Tennessee operation of these individuals have 

S Le largely absorbed the American NEotional Committee to \Vin tnte gislative Board, Broth· provided a major portion ol the 

I Youth Cona-ress. t_y for th~> Smith Act ViC'· erhood of Railroad Trainmen, artive proarram of the NAACP • 

. ;ron.sor - letterhead, Ma.y I Lexington, Tenn. COMMITTEE FOR PEACEFUL Tho1;e •·ho ronduclPCI &.hlA I•IMw 

s.s. a. AUBUEY \\'ILLIAMS, Publisher, ALTl.:KSATJ\'ES TO THE Day aeaaion at Hia:hlander lntu· 

J\at!onai Conference to De-/ Southern Farm and JJome, ATLANTIC PACT aperaed their le:turea and diacua· 

he Bill of Rights-sponsor I Montgomery, Ala. "As part of Soviet paychologic:.al aion1 with appeals to those present 

e:_,_ D~cert_lbe~. 2_·3, 1. ~s·o. _ CHARLES WILSON. Tennessee warlarf' ai-ainst the United States, to aecure new membenhips for the - Cmnmuni!t fron~ 1eek to paralyze, NAACP and especially urged that 

N.atlonal. .f' e_aerau_on I or Representative, International 

ut1onal L 1bert1es-s1gner of Union of Mine Mill and Smelt· America's will to resist Communist teachers join and aupport the 

e!lt opposing re:1ewal of the er Workers, Columbia, Tenn. a~gresaion by idealizine- Russia's NAACP. 

:Ommittee-pamph1et, Janu· aim8 and methods, discrediting the The unqualified aupport b7 the 

13. MRS. GEORGE WOLFE, Takoma United States, 1preading defeat- NAACP of the above-named indiNational Negro Congress- Park, Maryland. ism and demoralization ••• Spe~ viduala and incidents muat be view~ 

:----30th convention progra,m, cializing in this field • • • have ed in li.ght of the fact that ten of 

), 1946. CITATIONS been ouch organizations as · · · the the directors Including Benjamin 

I 

Committee .for Peaceful Altern&· E. Maya, President, Morehouse 

Peopl•. '• Institute of Ap- . (Continued from page I) tives to the Atlantic Pact • • • " College, Atlanta, Geora-1•, have Religion- sponsor -letter· . • •- 1\.pr:i :l, 1942_ gro. ~o~~er, It haa oeen a deterrent COUNCIL ON AFRICAN amused the aurprilfnc total of 

·J , .• -;" • · · v: :~-..· I t.O mm;· AFFAIRS over 4,00 inataneea of Cow.muni&t 

SOUTHERN CONFERENCE FOR 

HUMAN WELFARE 

Cited u a Communist front 

"formed to provoke racial fric· 

iehgion-member of South· 

ommittee--letterhead, Janu1948. Cited as a Commuriiat.front or· tiun." 

People'5 ln!titute of Ap· ganization "which aeeka to attract 

Rehgion-member of South- southern liberal& on the buia of 

ommittee--JeUerhead, April its seeming interest in the prob--

53. lema of the South" although its 

Southe-rn Conference Edu- "professed Interest in aouthern 

&1 Furod--endorser of de:lar· welfare is aimp]y an expedient for 

-fclder, Novembei 20, 19-4ft 

JEFFERSON SC~OOL OF 

SOCIAL SCIENCE 

"Schools under patriotic and be· 

nevolent titlea indoctrinate Com· 

munisb and outsiders in the the· 

ory and practice of communism, 

train organizers and operatives, I"E· 

eruit new part)' memben and aym· 

Southern Conference Edual Fund-director-prog-ram 

liuenct>, April 8, 1950. 

larger ahni ierving the Soviet Un· 

ion and ita •ubservient Communist 

Party in the United States." ' • pathilen. • • _ · School• of these 

WINGDALE LODGE type have been _ _ , Jefferoon 1 Southern Cunferd\ce EdLJ· 

al Fund - director - letter 

Jiii4l.u&Z .)1 19:;1. 

''The C'.ommittee iJ convinced School of Social Selence, New 

that Wingdale Lodge (incorpo- York., •• " 

Front Affiliation; more than half 

the directors have public neorda 

of Communiat Affiliation. The directors of the NAACP both preaent and past have continually dem· 

onatrated an amazing propenaity 

for affiliating themselves with 

pr~Communiat eauau. 

The Honorary Chairman of the 

Directon of the NAACP, W. E. B. 

DuBois baa amused a longer pub· 

lie record of Communilt affiliations than any other penon iD the 

United Statea with the ltaggering 

total of literaliy hundreds of auch 

aU ilia tiona. 
- . ~ :: ._, 

. "f.·.' ·• _._ .. ~-. 

\-

'-

"'-._ 

l. 

....-

....... 

• .. 

~I 

k '• 

' 

\ I ~ 

----,1 

4~11 .... I I lof-57) I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVES1 

..----?~ 

I 

TO: 

_Director 

_Mr, Tolson, 5744 

_Mr, Boardman, 5736 

_Mr, Belmont, 1742 

_Mr. Mohr, 5517 

-Mr. Parsons, 7621 

_Mr. Rosen, 5706 

_Mr. Tamm, 5256 

_Mr. Trotter, 4130 IB 

_Mr. Sizoo, 1742 

-Mr. Nichols, 5640 

_Mr. McGuire, 5642 

-Mr. Wick, 5634 

_Mr. DeLoach, 5636 

-Mr. Mor<;~an, 5625 

_Record . 

_Pers. ~ 

_Rea din· 

_courier 

_Mall R< 

_TeletYI 

£W: 

'>1/tJ':JIOIIDO -I r. Mohr--!1

-. Mr. Parsons--. 

Mr. 

M.r. Rosen~ Tamm--

I 

Mr. Trotter--

Mr. Nease--

Tele. Roem ' 

Mr. Bollo~n-.- · M- dy 

_Code R_\.!;~~::;;;;;t _Mechanical, B-110 

_Supply Room, B·216 

_Tour Room, 5625 

_Stop Desk 

_Miss 

-Mr. Jones, 4236 _Mrs. Faber 

_Mr. Leonard, 6222 IB _Miss McCord 

_Mr. Waikart, 7204 _Miss Ro<;~ers 

_Mr. Eames, 7206 ~ss Pad<;~ett 

_Mr. Wherry, 55 . ?Dlllon 

' v 

_See Me . ~(1/'Cj -For Your In; (., .::.... ___ _ 

-For appropriate 

action 

BPPAt>-<> . .vTLv rubL·~'-ec! 'ay 

§eot-6iA Com""•;.§,a!\1 ""' E.!u~Ar,....l 

• 

-=~~'5"/t:, ;>- 0 1 

01;? 

.)- __ ..r.::::...;::,....._ ........ ...,...~z· "" .s-' 

I 

ALL li~FOR~ ATJON CONTAINED 

HEREIN !~.UNCLASSIFIED ~ DATE_~-BY80~~ dC/.:; 
:.'-

. :~ 

?;•j_ 

~~-

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·; ·> ·• l!c CAI\1. :EETES bring to Ugbt In PbUadelphla and 

;!;.~-~-~,~ ·,1 New ~nd s_i¥nifi~!lnt ~vidence in several other northern and east- . --.--. - hat rac1al .s•ll!c h(·mg stirred up ern cities, the following article .. ~;,. · -~n Arkansa:: .~nd a.c.rosh the South from The Shreveport fimes of Oct. ---":'!~ ts inspired ann prorno~ea by north- 5, written by Rayrnonli McDaniel, 

---~.~rn Communh.ts, Comr..unist sym- Times staff member will bring ..... ,atbi:o:Pn:. am' ,-ariou:; ·front'' or- new light to the subJet·1 as lt is 

.--· --·-~···'- ...... w1e ilid of their developing :n all its ugliness across 

· ..r.·- . ···(3 ... ~-: :-.--' ·;;::;;outhern counterparts - continues the South today. _-.-. T _ - o come to light. _....l--

-· .__,_ · -~ I'nt all the- under-cov£J meetings ATLANTA, Ga., Oct 4--0rgan- "' .i· · · Jr Communist organize-rs and fo- iz.ers of practically ever)' outbreak 

'•. "-· -.. .- :nenters of (JCe strift- are being of racial trouble in Ute South since ·. :~-· . .-:.- _.::::1eld in the North, for many o! 1954 today were revealed to have 

-"' . --"t.he~t p ... rtv off1ciais and their attended a Comrilunist training · :_· ~ .·;~~if. p.:.:),. ~:.,c-;_;t._:, hcn•e now moved school in Tennessee about a month 

;:d' -:~ ·~~~-J the ;;;c--_.:·.~, 0nd are holding ago. Details were discJosed in a J.L----~··~~ ,,'.'; tac~:.c'; schools and public hearing today by a ·secret 

"planning" r:.·.eettngs for new ac· investigator P.mployed b) the state 

. .. '"' O.l.wlmllnd plan Gov. Marvin Griffm. who pre- TJ::'In I of Georgia w infiltrate the School. 

. . .~- --: o! l'•r _1\AACP to !J<Jid a three- sided over todays hearing aaid the ·~,:-:-~.} ~s:-; m~ rtl;--;{" i•· ~ ot"r-vh"" on No\-·. investigator has broughc back "ir- .. - ..... -" -·-~· ,..,, .. .~ by tbe Texas. refutable facts" of Communist 

!'-' \ _.;ro !"<I~l·: .-.s • "plan of Party influenCe in Southern racial a. ;10n" uP' din:- wi.th "attempts strife. ,. ·.: ,, ,- :..:st court eases The investigator, eM;:aged in the ,., ""..-r-"'! l't.--..-1 .,. , xas schools" - undercover work up until last night, - ,.;u··(w p,' ·r n•''l ryide-nee is en- today produced some 40 photo-

;J;;lH-tdUis, graphs taken secretly at the trainTht- S" -\CP strlfe·s.tirrinc buz· ing school and "' n.le "'f movie film, 

·.J,J .... '•·r be permitted which was not shown The pic· · tu hgbt ~o·c. m11ch less co to tures, Introduced int:. the records, 

•.-.,·wi '·;- 3. ;·;_ ·--:::- ;;;.!::.ing cam- showed various figure~- mvolved ln 

--,._ ~ nodgn, recent outbreaks of racfaJ trouble 

In ad_:_itnn to ir.furmation and attending c1aa:~cs and b!»lding dh;. 

.,-fads wbict I ban been able to cussion at the Tennessee meettna: . .. , 

~ • 

I 

' 

~~. 

v 

The training school, . tei-med • 1. David H. Brooks, leader Tall a "workshop on inte~rahon" was I bassee bus boycott. 

held at the Highlander Folk School OmERS REVEALED near Monteagle, Tenn according Also attendin~r was Abner w . 

to testimony given at tbt: bearings Berry, • member of &he Comtoday. Among those attending, a:nd munist Party's eentral committheir records as given lD testimony tee. Aceordln,- to T. B. Williams 

were: • Jr. e:z:ecatlve aecretary of the 

A'ITENDANTS USTED commission boldine- today9a bear· 

1. Rev. 'MarUn Luther King, incs. The presence of Berry a Montgomery, Ala., a le¥din.r Negro n.e&To, insured no deviation fr~m 

figure in various outbreaks of ra- the Communist JiDe. 

cfal trouble during th~: pa.st two Many other person.s, some witt 

years who Wll~ descrlbeo as a tool 40 incidents of Communist front afof the Communist partv in recent filiation, were in attendance and 

hearings in j.,UUisiana pictures of these persons taken b} 

2. Rosa Parks, Negro. described the investigator were entered iD as the person who prf!cipttated the the reeords. 

Montgomery bus boycott. The tnves+igator was Edwin H. 

3. Allen McSwain, Nr>gro who was Friend, of Atlanta; who testified 

credited with sparking u-.e Clinton, that he was employed to «make 

Tenn. public school incident. contact and infiltrate the meeting 

4. Conrad Jirowne. a leader at )l-eing held at the school and report 

Koinonia Farms .at \mericus, Ga. back to the Georgio~ CommissiOn 

Koinonia was described as a social- on Education. 

istic interracial com-Munity where The com:nission on education, 

violence and racial strife recently formed by tile State Legislature in 

erupted. . 1953 is headed by Gov Griffin with 

5. Charles licmlllion, Negro, dean the lieutenant governor and attarof students at Tuskege~ Institute. ney general included a:; members. 

According to testimony today agi- Representatives from several other 

tation by Gomillion wa~· a major southern states were present for cause of the I'uskege: boycott. the hearing. • 8. Septllna Clark, ptesently a di- Prior to the meeting GoV. ·Grif-/ 

rector at the Tennessee school who fl.D said the hearing Wb called to j' 

had a hand in tbe South Carolina rej:eive the report on growing ra~ 

NAACP school teachers incident. (See RACE, Pag• 13-A! 

~------------~---------

ALL INFORMATION CONTA:t:ED 

HEREIN IS Ui'JCLASS!H£0~ 

DATE crf, {6!1 BY..>o<.OP~C\...._~~~ 

~~~~ J I L:,/- '7~-

;ENCLOSUP,E 

-
,. '··: . .:_ 

'"!.·· 

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(Continued !'rom Page 1) 

cial unrest in the South. Notiee 

of the meeting was not made until 

late last nia:ht, because, according to Griffin. Friend was still en· ..-aged in the undercover work un- til that time. 

WARNS OF ACTIONS 

"This evidence abowio that tension in Ule South ia btfnl' pro. 

duced by forces wbteb ue not 

interested ln t1ae welfare ·of either the white people er the 

Negro people," uid the •over .. 

=~It behooves each of us to learn more of Communist infiltration and 

the direction of Communist move- ments. Only throug!1 information 

and knowledge can we combat this 

alien menace to constitutional government." 

Williams spent the major part of 

the bearing identifying persons in 

the pictures and enterin& the pho-. 

tos in the official records. 

Referring to leaders of the r&· 

cial outbreaks, William!! uid they 

have receivde 11widc aceiaim" 

from the N atlonal Aasn. for the 

Advancement of Colored People.'' 

Because of that he termed an "amazing propensity on the part 

of the NAACP leaders for affillat· 

tng themselves with the Commun:-

ist Party". Williams also entered as evidence the recortis of 10 lead- ers of the NAACP. 

REVEALS LEADERS 

aal4 6a& tut:,.ut ~ t,·,.~; ICIIIODI, •l"1f . ~~:-'\!IJadta.l' 

children and ' ~ri.;..;J raelal 

demoutratlou ana Jneld.ea-. waa advocated u. the basts that poUee"are reluet.ant toO Eoot wem.- en and ehDdren. 

Another picture was. taken ol 

Ralph Helate!n, prealdeat of 'tile f 

United Pa-cking House Workers of 

America- CIO, with Abner W, 

Berry, ;ecordtni 1D an ktentific;. ... · Uon by WWiams. Williams aaid 

Helltein 11 a representative of a 

amall 1roup of labor extremllta 

who sel"Ve -the Communist party . by afflllatlon, and by tbe utlUza- ~ 

tion of their own organization to . 

further the aima oi the Communist ' 

party. Berry, 1D addition to holding hi& membership on the Com· 

munlst Central committee, .lJ a top 

writer for the Daily Worker, oUiclal organ of the Communist party. 

Also included in attendance at 

the Communist meeting and !dent!- ~­

lied by Williams in pictures introduced today were: . Alonso G. Moron, Nearo presIdent of Hampton Inatltute. 

Wilma D. Stokely, a Newport, 

Tenn.. writer. . Aubrey Williams, ·Montgomery-.·~ 

Ala., president of the Soutbem 

Conference Education Fund, Jnc.,-

and publisher of Southern Farm 

and Home Magazine. 

Maurice McCracken, who ia af· 

f!!!ated w!th the Neighborhood I 

House in CinclDnatl. 

Rev. Maurice McCracken alto of 

Neighborhood House. ;· 

Ralph Tefferteller, · New York' I , Henry Str-eet settlement. . Rev. Abernathy, another leadt:;,., 

in the Moctzomer-;, .'Ua .• bu!· !nc!- a"--

... 

• 

They are ChanninC' H. Tobias, 

chairman of the NAACP board; 

William Lloyd Jmes, vice president; Oscar Hlmmerst.eht ll, 

vice president; Atccmon D. 

Black, member of the board; 

}Iuber T. Delany, mr-mber of 

tbe board; Benjamin E. May1, 

member of tbe board; El"'"Dt.. 

.RnncPvPit_ tnPmbP.r of the'tO-ard: 

dent. l......k 

LJ:ADERS NAMED rna e •··- Tbe eommi11loD aatd m.-h1aDd· 

~;;r B~--bi~k;~;;~. --member of 

er Folk school wu founded ia tee on un-American Activities. 

113% by Myle• Horton and Don Highlander is "ostensibly an U1 

West former dlltrid direcior of pendent labor school," but actu; 

ihe Commiiiilit pi.rty vf NGrth is working in clo!!e coopera1 

Carollna. I with the Communist _party.'' the board and W. J. Walla, Tlce 

president. Paul Crouch a former top Com· James Dombrowski, who hel' 

munist party functionp .. •· · · ·-·. form the school, also has a l The Tennessee meeting wu !ng to the committee, testified be- · record of Communist front act described as a four-day discussion 

of methods and tactics of preclpl· 

tating raci:1l strife and disturbance. 

lt was held !rom A.ue:. 30 to Sept. 

· I ti fore the Congress_ .. _ - -- -"'~· es. . _ 

2. -

"The meeting of such a 1ar1e ~-

group of specialists 1n interracial 

strife under 'the auspices of a / 

Communist t.raining scl:ool, and 1n ( 

the company of many known Com- .,-t 

munists 1B the typical method • 

whereby leadersblp trainiDC and ::;l·\ tactics are furnished tp the apta-: 

ton, said the committee. 

1 ._Thla waa a ceneral workshop 

and would be the most eommoa 

method of developinr a ktn,r · .• -•• - \ ranre prol'ram. In apeclftc altuaiions, leadership would be aeat 

IDto the communities to asslat.'' 

:Aeeordine to testimony, the. 

school was headed by ldylea Hortnn. a director of Hia-:hlander. and 

1 

the· ReV.-iOhii B. TholnpJ9n. ChaP- \ 

Jain at the University of Ch.lcaao. _,_ Willlams testified ThompsOn haa a record of 36 affillaUons with Colftl.r 

munist -activities and uta both 

Thompson and Horton have long \ 

'9 r r----- --

~ ~;;~~~~f~~~-ueeful ~d!_ to th~ . f 

, ..._ .. ~ T·T"".::?·· __ "'":':;_ ----_--~_-·_· ·· ."-~;·:~~: ___ - __ _~_ Included Plca!~.!i~:.~~:V.'!Ideao oDe ahowiDc • .C /!:£.' · _ · ·"""~""~"''""'"'"'"'',..,"':','"'•:':".'""'_,·_'1,.,.·,.,-~..,..--.~,--~- ·.- , · < . , · , ' '· --· · .. <:-.;: ;;y~:~tf tdenWied bJ Wllllama ·aa I , , < '1- .' • • ~ • ~ ."<'· ~ '-~ ·_ , ·-<~.--}i Routh, headquarien • . ... ·: :~ :' ·· .·• i·'--::_:,.,_1,-...;.\. tbern Be A ~'\. {I ~ 1 . -'· ·_, ·, ' ·~··. -. ~ ·~-~:·~·~~--~-- b ~--!;,.-\_\.:~'' ~~-··''.1 . 
. __ -,. . ' 

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-. ·- · .!- · ..... E_.;- r~. ·--... 

. -. 

..... ) -· . 

.. 

Rt~ED-6 INDEXED· I 

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.,._, .. 

'l'bank you for JOur letter dated October 14, Ull'l, 

with encloaure. Your obaervatlon.a and yo~ tntereat 1D brlneilltr 

this materlal to my attention are appreciated. . , .. . While I would like to be of aervtce, I must point out " 

that the FBI is strictly a fact-ptherinl agency, that Information 1D 

Ita files Ia confidential and available for officlal use only and that 

it ia not within our authority to make evaluations or draw conciuaion.a 

as to the integrity or character of any organization, publication or 

Individual. 

·'" 

I know you will understand the reasons ior these rule• 

and wlU not Infer either that we do or do not bave the Information JOU 

dealre. ·,, · · · ·, · 1 · ;~1 ~ · · ... ·' 

·. -. .J. 

Sincerely yours, 

•, , , r,. ' • : 

John Edt.-..r Boovar 

Director ..... 

- .. '. 

.,._. : '- - - • ·. - ' .. "1;.:: • ' .• 't. .. -~" ~ . 

NOTE: Correspondent enClosed clipPing fro';, unidentified. local newspap"ei- . · dealing with racial strife in the South and relates that organizers of -

practically every outbreak of..q.cial trouble in the South since 1954 wete . 

revealed to have attended the '1iUJhlander_f.Qlk §~~~~?~.near Monteagle. Tenn~~~~ 

. C..orrespondent. 9,uest!ops why such a, school is allowed to oper¥e and why 

· . Mrs. (Ele_an_o~osevelt should serve on a Civil Ri~Iht~ P~~, . 1 tAl\ 

:amg 7 #4 \I 'n,1' .tr-J1.,. - ~ut-tJ'!C('l.~ (\~' ~, ·· ·. · .... ') "<4~ .. ":J"' l':r () v ·r , /...~~ ' , <;l'-,~ . tt · · IIPP>i:Jtl/ · ...v-, w v ~ 0.'<-""? <'\ >-" ·: · · 0 v 'v '1.· .<, 

'~:i~~¥~!~~~~;~@~~~M~~~~~~¥~~~~ . ·. _,,~ 
. ' . . . . ' • T'"": o :., ; ,·· .' ; ;.,. •, i' o 

. . ·} .. -•. :• ,·· ,,..._:.· .... 

' ; : ,."' 

. ' •,. 

r .J.; :;; L., . ' · .... .. • ...... · -' 

~- ., . ~~- . .; ... " . ", 

;":·~\{/i)i.~ •. ·.._·:L .. :·... ·.~ ;;.• ',;..; ........ · .. ·..... -.. ·~ ~ .......... .:.;.;;.;:...;..:..."'"""'"'";;;..;.:.:,; ... ";;"""= .... .:.i!.l'"'"'~.;,:;o~>A:.;,..:;,~;,;..;;;m.,;;;;;. ........... ~ ... ··;.;;.' ... .... ~ ·,' 

·~·. 

.. 

oo 

. ~ 

...... -· , ;.~ 

::.~.---.... . tr(j .. 

Office Memf)~ndum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

lro ' MR. TOLSON DATI: 

PAOM ,:~_kA.lU.C~ 

suaJBCT: GEORGIA COMMISSION ON EDUCATION 

October 18, 1957 

TolsonNichola_ 

Boardman. 7 lmont ~ 

"'--

Parson._ 

RosenTamm--

TrotterNeoaeThere is attached a l.!ewspape~t out by ~orgi~ ~~~~~rr;.::,d .. -: 

Commission on Education which concerns th~"'Highlander 'FolkSchool.a ·~/ Holloman -

communist training school at Monteajlle, Tennessee. 11ne Xmericanlsm ?s;.;oov--

Commission of The American Legion thought that we might like to have a copy 

of this publication, 

ACTION: 

•.·· ... 
4-750 12-7-79) 

D 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

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XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the fill>. OnP or more of the following statements, where 

indicated~ explain this deletion. 

Deleted under exernptionls) ___ -·- _ -·---- _______ with no segregable 

material available for releast> to ~'OU. 

D lnfonnation pertained only to a third part,· with no referPnct• to you or the subject of your request. 

0 infonnation pertained oniy to a third part:.;. Your name is iisted in the iitie only. 

0 Docurnent(s) originating with the following govemnwnt agcncy(ies). -------------

: { 

Ito_ 

0 

• was/werC' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation tD the following government agency(ies); 

·"- as thl' infonnation originated with them. You will 

L~:.; .t<hiseJ uf availability upon rPtum uf thP material to thl' FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rPa""~: 

_."S..flM.£ iNFo ll.S__ 1- 'lsl/-cd.Q ________ _ 

'For your information: ___________ ---·- ________________ _ 

. --------·-------------

~The following number is to be used for refprencP regarding thesC' pages: 

j;J-?~11-~ 01 --- ------·- -------------

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FB1/00.J 
4-750 (2-7-79) I 

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( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

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xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. On<' or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) ~· 7 _c;_;_ __ _{-

material available for release to you. 

with no segregable 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no rcfNcnce to you or the subject of your request. 

D lnfonnation pertained only to a third part~'· Your name is list(~d in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following governnwnt agrmcy(ies). -------------

---·-- , was/Wl'fC' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following gon•rnnwnt agency(ies); 

··---- as th<• infc>rmation originated with them. You will 

he a.dvisGd of availability upon retum of thl' rnakrial to tlw FRI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason<s): 

0 ·For your information: 

XX XXX X 

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... 

' . 1- • ' • '·!. ~-- -·. ·, __ ._-r!:\. 

... -. 

iNeg~ro 'Plotting' at--· 

iMonteagle Charged 

--

,, ... _rr: lnoxv1ll• lewaISentlnel 

Sat. lo-S-57 
. i ::- ·: - ··-. :-:::- ; ,. 

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.... · .. ~' ·-.~·- :. ·. ' ',. ,.· ' r •. _.,. ·, •• -

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,., ··: .. ~~ 

' . 

~trector, nr (~J.;..,5Jzi·~~,;·:C RECORDED -si · ~· : .~n•u.nu IOU ~t~tHJZ, .. · IIOI~"fiL6• r6HI/8llU 

~ 
···~- ''. ·.--~>~·/, < .. 

-"!'-. .\ · .. 

,. ;, .-

:-,· ' 

T-i 

'-f· ... 

Lette~ to Knoxville 

RE: IITGELANDER FOLK 

61-7.52. 

t:;;, . -~---

. . . 

\ 

. 

~ "-· *{ '• H• ·:~, _;·,. ... 

CP ever B ceeded tn gatni;g control of thts i~stttu~lonJ~L Due to its terractal character~ 'It has .been the sub}ect;, 

of numerous . at allegations that it represents the . J. 

1 

headquarters col1llllUnism in east Tennessee • . These · · · . a.Zlegattoys ha ever been substantiate.d. · · .. · . 

A llnlt~ ess release, 10-4-57~ Atlanta, Georgia, reflected that 4 

• 71 ercover agent" told the Georgia 

Education Com~~ 88 !,0 at t Southe.rn Negro leaders plotted ttradal agtta lOll relea r Day weekend llleettng. at HFS. 

Accord-tng t~ th!~at he ha overnor Griffin of Georgia told· 

the co=i a a on mmissi on w t a photographer to attend th h

llleetir+g. T~e ~~ da and tact ld that this meeting was h.eld

to etta cuss d~et ~bances " · or precipitating racial etrt.fe and • a u • . 

-~ '· -. 

' . 

:· ' 

·-.--r/ 

'."'·:---

•• •' _c 

. -· ·: 

.... _ 

~· 

·, • ' •. .!' .... . . \j'~ ~ •• 

' ' 

_,-. . •. 

.. -.:.. ... 

·' 

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• 

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' • 

. ... -· . . ,.;_ . 

... ~·:·r·: ~:.-,_-~.,, 

... ,.,. . 

.• 

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• '- '< •. ·-~- >, 

.. 

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.:. 

-- _/ ~ _.!- • 

.,. ........ _..,... rt 

Office Memm ~ 

. '· / & , ' . ~ 

m • UNITED s·..... OVERNMENT 

TO DIRECTOR, PBI (61-7611) DATI!: 11/22/67 

SAC, KNOXVILLE 

0 

/-:· .~ ... . ). . '' . ·... .. .. .·. .-

SUIIJBCT: .. AlllNfbitfA!tUm CONl\lNED 

HERErN JS. UNC!.ASSlr~~ DATE 3!11'84 SY~ · . 

Re Kx let to Bureau 

. .· .. ', .() ~ 

11/1/57 and Bu1et to Kx 

.. 

11/14/57. P.'-. , ....... ,_··. 

In view of prior Bureau instructions, DO investigation of the Bilh1ancler Polk School has been concluctecl b7 

this office and Do inforaanta have reported any inforaation 

regarding the activities of thia school ~r ita aeabera. 

' The only !nfor=aticn which aiiht tend to indicate 

this school has been enrarecl in activities of interest to tbe 

Bureau is set forth ln Bulet to Inozvllle elated 9/4/57, captioned 

"Racial Situatioa, State of Tenaeaaee", Bufile 100-135-24, and · in literature c11atr1buted b7 Georeia Coamission on Education 

re Highlander Polk School. The only cop7 of this literature 

which was received froa the Birain1haa Office on 11/13/57 is 

enclosed herewith to the Bureau. ,. , ,. . .. .. . " .. 

In view ot the above and previous instructions 

received froa the Bureau, it ia aot ~eco .. ended that any invest 

ei>- Bureau (Encl. - 1) (RK) 

1 - Knoxville (61-12). ·' 

·'. 

f 

-.,.- .. · :· 

·"· 
4-750 (2-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

XX XXX X 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

D Deleted under exemption(s) _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

c=J Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

[J lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following govemment agcne,·(ies). -------------

··· -·- . was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

!b 

[] 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agcncy(ies); 

--·-~-- as the infum1ation originated with them. You will 

U<.: advi:::.ed of availability upon retum of thl' matl'rial to tht' FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(~ 

SA 111 L iN f C< A 5__ _ _j -_7~))~ ..2=C~6'-----------

'For your infonnation: 

~- T')l' following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

c=c.} -7;; 11--.:l 13 ---- . ·-------

\.XX\ XX 

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~NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FBI/DOJ 
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• 

·-

R. L. PETERS. JR. 

SENATOR 

' 

.§~nat~ Q!framh~r 

~tab :ttf m~mussu 

VIC 

JIILfTAJII:Y AN 

•• 

co 

co 

MEMBER 

SUL.L.IVAN AND HAWKINS COUNTIES NASHVILLE 

Nove~ber 1, 1957 1540 FAIRIDQE DRIVE ' 

KJNG&PORT, TENNESSEE 

Honorable J. Edcar HooTer 

Federal Bureau of InTestication 

Washincton, D. c. 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

HIGHW 

I have become increasincly aware and a~presensive of 

Communism workinc in our country. In this conne.ction, 

I have been informed that perhaps in Greeneville, 

Tennessee, there were several know Communists and 

that at theCfi_!.chlan~Fo~,!<..,..!c;h.R~1- in ~~!e, Tenn- ,. essea, there was beinc carried on a Communist-,rraininc 

School. 

I 

I would appreciate any infor~ation available to me in 

regard to communistic activity in Tennessee. 

In case this information is not available to me, I 

would appreciate knowing how I can co about acquiring it. 

Sincerely yours, 

R. L. Peters, Jr. 

RLP/wkb 

cc Honorable Carroll Reece 

Johnson City, Tennessee 

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NOV 131957 

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HoM>rable R. L. i'eters; jr~ · .; 

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. :'.· ·;.., ···· > .·. c;} f:_.;>>:-:-:··,-H~ ;:~. ·:·,:~ :> .. -·~·:·:·~~*•:•;,' )·_, ·:· .. _ NOTE: BufUes reflect oo iuforrnation ldenttfiabte ~th corresponde~t on-basts 

of data available. Jt 11 nQI:ed tha-t the el)Clo•ure "Com~Qlllat Threat in U. S." 

eontains a breakdownof party,membership by state~ of 1951. lnforAation 

renumber of Communist Parly.aembers as of .January 1~ '1957, per 'iofs 

Appropriation report, page 29. Tbe Bureau has known of the Highlander · 

Folk School for years ~d has lnvesUgated numerous allegations concer..ffig 

its activities.-.u,le it permits a.•communis~o attend, there has been no 

indication that it teaches CGuraes _along the communist line .or has ever 

employed any communists on its sWf. It is primarily designed to teach 

econom!cs and r~~~ed subjec.tf. . ·, , . :·· ', ,, . _ ' •. , _ .,_:~,.·-~--: " _ 

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writing 1s sincerely appreciated, and I thank you for bringing thla · 

material to my atteDtiOil. _ . .~ ; ' · ~' . ,:, '1-: , ,.:.;·_ . · ::: 

· .. -' Sincerely yours, ... ~ 

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4-750 12-7-7oll 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

D Deleted under exemptionls) -------··----·-- _________ with no segregable 

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material available for release to j'OU. 

Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name i' list"d in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following govcmmf•nt awmcy(ies) • -------------

-- __ , was/wt'J'(' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pa_w·(sl referred for consultation to the following government. agency(ies); 

_____ ------~- as thC' inf(mnation originated with them. You will 

lJt.' dd\'l::.t:d of availability upon return of thP matNial to thP FBI. 

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Fo~ vour infonnation: 

~,.. Th0 f,JJlowing number is to be used for rcfcrenC'f' regarding these pages: 

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K .. ·~t1fi0Ul - MONTEAGLE TENNESSEE 

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> ~· lfovember 21, 1957 All INR~~f~~· f""MT\tt:EO 

JJ HEREii~ ~~ W·fClr\ .. .,.. ... l•J -m'c~ .'-Dear Friend: DATE 3\1\~ 8YSrJtt1-~ 

~ My nnme is Septima Clark. The enclosed leaflet. tells about the work t.hat I am doing 

' to give a new chance t.o people who are victims of racial preJudice in t.he Sout.h. 

About a year ago, after I had been released as a teacher in the public aohool ~st.em 

o! South Carolina, I accepted an invitat.ion from Kyles Rort.on t.o Join t.he at.aft of 

Highlander Folk School in the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, There ••• DO 

question about my competence but. ~ 1tand OJl inte&ration waa unpopular. 

Highlander 1a one of the few places in the South where eouthernera, 1fegro and l'hi te, 

--- --- • ~r;d study together and work out. ways to oombat preJudice and segregation.: 

My first year as Direct.or of Workshops at Highlander hat been tilled with achieve-

~ents. We had the children of Clinton, TeD!lessee with us for a Ohriat.mas holiday in 

December. Leaders in the llontgomery bus boycott have supplied leadership for lome pt 

our Workshops, Thirty children and ten counselors representing thirte9Jl states had 

ha?py, vigorous weeks of out-of-door life here at Camp ~oinonia-Highlander this 

e~er. These are times of great opportuni~y. 

At Rigblan.der we believe that education, it it is real, 1e related to problems, 

, • . • J.;;o ~c Highlander and go away equipped to oope rl th the problems in their own 

o·om:nw:.lties. Highlander has tunotioned on thh prinoiple for a quarter of a oent.U%7 

..... ..c·""" bas never been tu17 question about it until now, Just this year the Internal 

;:,, "c,.,, 3ervioe has withdrawn tax-exempt status from lUgblu:der, l'e cannot let this 

' · ,-.:. cie. Unt.il the tax exempti.on quution ia settled we are in serious difti-/ 

··-": <:;·. C'rsr: 147,000 in foundation grant.a is held up and cannot be t.ouohed by us 

''" -~"'~ as this present ruling stand&. .. V 

I 

"" u~ :ioing what we oan to out coats during this emergency, The ent.ire st"ff at -:~ ... :c·,.::·lcr is foregoing salaries, We are living and working on a aubai1tenoe basil. 

Tha local storekeepers have been. generous in extending credit tor the ea1entiala, 

bat 1re cannot impose on them forever. {LL_ _ 75// .,..~ "J!d 

RECORDED-45 - ----·-r:r..;r 0 -~ '"" ,;~].p us in thh time of stress we shall be JDOst sratetul. l'e at. .llOt 

ort-:r., uqthing for oureelvea. le oan all go out and tilA4o~l-~rl&,)7 We 'do zaot 

~.c--e •c. '" rn• about making a living. lhat we are fighting for h to preserve u 

·' •· .,. '' c~ :c·re>gram that has beoolll8 a resource and a rallying point tor"lloOYe'a of brave 

·-· ·· .......... _·""are leading.t.he fight for Justice and bet.ter_ r~e~relations in 

c:"·id ¢,&ys.. .o . . :.."" · · ' LJ ~ ·_ rvrn. 45 St!p'ttmr ..... ~lttf'?.~ , ~ -.:'\: .. ..J · ' · • · / \MDtJ\UI Sincerely yow-a, 

·( .:· · r.:::.' t. you please make fOUr ohaok 

\,1-~ ,~ 'i ' """'able to The Highlander loll: f"'l.'\1'/&\ P , / -~ \\School and mall it t.o Kr. Bobert.~J.lilll J •'-"~'Vt \\ - Rau in t.he enclosed -velnna, r, :.t ./ , __... ,_---· -r- / .· "t>~, 

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I am pleased ta enclose my check for $ as my contribution 

to The Highlander Folk School. 

NAME------------------------------------

ADDRESS--------------------------------

CITY-----------

STATE _____ _ 

Please make all checks payable to 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 
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Tour eommllll1e•Uoo poatmarked November 15, 1151, 

laaa beeD zecehed. .• , ,.. ., ,. · ·' • · . -#' .-..., 

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I'm o Negro. 

Born block in o white man's lond. 

My nome is Septima Clark. 

I om o teacher. 

I hove spent nearly all my adult life teaching 

children who really aren't citizens. 

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itizenship to 

._;.; ··- • . . '. ~ ' 

.. They hove fulfilled oil the requirements for citizenship, many 

of their fathers and brothers hove died for their country-bullets and 

bombs tear block skin as easily os white and oil men bleed red. 

But this is not enough to qualify them to vote, to receive o 

decent education, to live in· a house unless others hove abandoned 

it os inadequate. 

o.; 

This is the story of the children I hove tried to. teach good (· ;..·. 

citizenship. r=.:·· 

I con no longer aid in their education because I joined in the 

movement to help them claim their citizenship. I was refused employment for asking for something that rightfully belongs to them. 

But, we must never grow bitter, ours is o struggle for o better, 

more united America. 

I om now devoting my full time to the struggle for equal opportunities for Negroes. 

At Highlander Folk School, where I om director of workshops, 

we ore emphasizing the problem of integration. More thon 400 

Negro and white community leaders from the South hove attended 

our workshops in the post three years. 

The problems of the people of the South aren't new to Highlander. For the post twenty-four years the leaders of the School 

hove devoted their wisdom and energy to the South. 

The formal lectures and informal discussions ore planned so 

that the students con shore mutual problems and arrive ot answers 

that con be applied to the home towns of the students. And Highlander is planning on ever-expanding program to help the people of 

the South solve the problem of integration. 

I would like to tell you some slc,ro~s ' hove heard during ·he 

pa<;r summer at the Highlander work.shc •s stories of people cou·y· ·19 

fonvord our strvggle without bitternt:!'.s ·n j hate, but with coL..r:.qe. 

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""" THE ORANGEBURG STORY 

In the county of Orangeburg, South Corolino, the Negroes ore 

writing a new ending to an old story in the South. 

In the county seat of Orangeburg, fifty·seven Negroes asked 

that their children receive more adequate education and be allowed 

to enter unsegregated public schools. They filed their· petition in 

September, 1955. 

One month earlier, thirty·seven persons in nearby Elloree hod 

asked for the some right. 

The answer was the some throughout Orangeburg County: 

threatened economic ruin, intimidation, in on areo described as a 

place having a wonderful racial policy. 

In the town of Orangeburg, a mother whose boby hod been 

supplied a special milk formula for more than a yeo[, was denied 

this service because she asked for her rights. A farmer neor Elloree 

who owned 350 acres, clear of debt, was refused a small loon. 

The White Citizens Council cut off all supplies and credit to 

the small merchants and farmers who signed the petition. Paid 

informers were posted about the town to report on anyone offering 

aid. 

The school board ot Elloree demanded thot oil school teachers 

sign a statement thot they were not members of the NAACP. The 

school board also insisted that the teachers sign a statement saying 

that they ore apposed to integration. 

C~\ 

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This, the twenty-four Negro 

teachers refused to do and they 

were fired in Moy of 1956 . 

It is on old story in the South, 

Negroes asking for their rights, 

white men not only denying them 

their rights, but adding persecll' 

lion because they hod the ourage to ask. 

fred M-r•, St !le~tt 

C.ouncil ,.,..,i...., of 

Stat• Col .. 9e in 

Oron .. b .. r1. S. ( { 

' 

..... .._..._ ,...._ ~ Nil wittl Mn. Clelll U H........, W ........ 

But in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, there is samethil\j 

new-the Negroes refused to knuckle under in this campaign o 

intolerance and hate. 

In Elloree, under the leadership of Mr. L A. Blackmon one 

school principal Mr. Charles E. Davis, the formers, the merchal\t

ond the teachers stood firm. Mr. Blackmon stood before a meetin

of the Klan ond told them he planned to stay in Ello- despite th

Klon leaders' coli to "run Blackmon out of town." 

In the town of Orangeburg, the students at State College, le

by Fred Moore, joined the townspeople in circulating the names o

all members of the White Citizens Council. More than 2,000 copir

. of the list were circulated. 

The Negroes refused to poy for segregation and they stoppe

buying from members of the White Citizens Council. A large moi

order house shipped in catalogues so that the people could buy from 

out of town. Car pools were organized to haul in bread and othe

necessary supplies. 

Financial aid for the small formers and merchants poured i

from all ports of the country and when the final count was taken

between forty and fifty thousand dollars were availobl,. for IQOn . 

Some stores, once prosperc•us but monoged by nc.-mber$ of th

White Citizens Council, are no• · closed. The peoplo · •fustd ro bu

~egregotion. 

1 :,f: ~·Jrmers, ' . .Jc.he·<::. ·. n mere! ,·_Jn~'<; of Or(r ;" 1_ur; C·""~unt 

:::;,_~•Jfh ._ur:·hna, who )Skf:c~ f.. t':O n~·~t~ ,\'.II ~urv --bul \-o-di if 

-n• :-ch,J• .t~ 0f hcte) 

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THE STORY OF JOHNS ISLAND 

•• 

School boards listen to voters, sheriffs don't pistol-whip vote

judges don't railroad voters. 11 ' 

The Negroes of Johns Island, South Carolina, ore registering to vote . 

The Johns Island Citizens Club sent its president, Mr. Esou 

Jenkins, to Highlander for o workshop, and when he returned to 

the island he started a registration campaign . 

Only two hundred and ten Negroes hod ever registered in Johns 

Island over the period of nearly one hundred years since the Civil 

War. Now, after on intehsive campaign, one hundred and siK per· 

sons were registered in· a two months period. 

Every member of the Citizens Club hod· to be a registered 

voter and hod to pledge to bring in one or more voters at every meeting . 

And they mode their voting rights count by turning out to vote 

on election day. 

For the first time in the history of the island, Iorge numbers 

of Negroes turned out for the Democratic Club reorganization and 

voted in the Democratic primary. 

Mr. Jenkins ron for the school board. He lost the election but 

won a much qreoter victory, as all but a few of the Negroes eligible 

to vote cost their ballots for him. 

Ne~<t time there will be more Negro voters---officials listen to 

voters. 

Mr. ba• J...U.. 

... .... ,. .... ""• ....... . .. ,. ....... ... CJHu .. C:lllb 

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--·-l-lotH_W_ 

THE MONTGOMERY STORY 

"Our people ore not going to toke it ony more." 

In December, 1955, Mrs. Roso Parks hod been shoved just 

about as for as she could go. In Montgomery, Alabama, the pretty 

seamstress hod known a lifetime of standing, standing regardless of 

how long she hod worked or how tired she wos, standing, even when 

there were empty seats in the white section of the bus. 

After sewing all day long on a heavy winter coot for o society 

woman, Rosa decided she hod stood long enough. She refused to 

obey the bus driver when he ordered her to give up her seat to o 

white man. 

Forty thousand rnen and women walk and shore rides today 

because this mild-mannered seamstress refused to pay for seqrego. 

tion . 

Yes, the times ore with us, JS all across the South people ore 

holding f~rm ogain•t hate and int. >lerance. 

And the empty buses rotrle by in Montgomery as the people 

sing: 

"Walk together children, 

Don't get wear,·~" 

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TO 

FROM 

S\lJijBCT: 

.... ~ -~- .. ----- .· 

MR. TOLSON 

G. A.~ 

• UNITED ~TA£R;~ENi ; 

DATE: December ll, 1957 

~Tol•o:..L 

~·~-

...... in the Attorney General's office called. 

Ao•en __ 

Tamm __ 

Trotter __ 

Clayton .,....---

Tele. R1om _ 

Hollom~-

stated that the Attorney General had received a letter IrOJIIlj 

who was formerlv 

some corme<Cti(>n 

apparently has been asked by some minister to int1ercede for furtdil 

~~e~H~Lg~~~~~-•F~.'olk School at Monteagle, Tenn§s~e.tt .... wanted to 1uw ~ 

uuu.u it was. ~ 

~: 

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1 

was highly controversial 

I toldt 

and 

that 

that 

while 

there 

we 

had 

had 

been 

~ever both investigated 

communists 

this 

attending 

school ~ the 0 ~.;;··, · .... , , school and communists on the staff but that so far as we knew it had never been_,(; ;t_ ~.~.· .. ~ ·.:. . /L ~communist-dominated. He stated that in view of this he intended to stay out ~~ ·'·. of it and was simply going to tell-that it had never been investigated 

m~ by the Department and that he could make no comment concerning it. 

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GAN:jmr~ .. 1 

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RECORDED - 37 

INDOfO- :P 

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I 

I ,.,. -- UliriTEb -- TERNMENT 

DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) (RM) 

SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

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suBJBCT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

IS = C 

DATE: 1/9/58 

1he Knoxville Office recently received two copies 

of th~ighlander Reports, 25th Annual Report, Oct. 1, 

'56 - Sepl;. 30, _ '57". 'lbe envelopes were addressed to 

this office and bore the return address,"Highlander 

Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee", one bearing date 

December 19, 1957, and the other bearing date December 

21, 1957. A copy of this pamphlet'and envelope is 

being forwarded to the Bureau for its files. 

As the Bureau has previously been advised, MYLES 

HORTON, Director of this school, has in the past sent 

communications to this office. 'lbe enclosed pamphlet, 

of course, was not solicited by the Xnor~ille Office. 

II II 11\1['1'\DUnTI(\1\1 f\f\1\ITI\Ir.tr'n - t'IL.L IIH Vfl!;:rl llvi'i l,VI~ 1/"\lll[.U "~ 

HERW~ IS U~lCLft.~SIFIED ~B)t lw 

DATE Jl'\'~1 BY l\PK~ 

c!)40& 

rNDEXED. 33 

RECORD]) • 33 

~- Bureau (Enclosures 'V. (RII) 

1 - Knoxville ~ 

f 6 Jt.N 15 1958 .,_, .,(, 

...._ __ 

le JAN 13 1958 

-1--

~ ~ 

-· ... 
. . ..... 

25tlz ANNUAL REPORT Oct: 1, '56 - Sept. 30, '57 

~ ... :-.-

' 

.... .:.. .. Mrs. Septima Clark, Director of Eclucoti011, Hithlondor 

P U ttl~ HE 0 I Y HI Ci H LANDER f 0 LIt SC H 0 0 L o M 0 NT U Ci LE. TENNESSEE -'£.-'-" 

tl-75:'//-:217 
Jl-"\ fJL'~UII 111\.IJ ........... ~._- 'IIWJ'II ..... Vr.II ... IW' ••-r. VIUI WT •ut~~ w~••v••'"" --• -~ ,,..., 

inaction, and in either C(' #Je is justly accountable t, ·em lor th_e injury~" 

-John Stuart Mill 

Ttw "<.den> Snuth" r.ow stands indicted on such o 

charge as suggested by John Stuart Mill. The conviction, 

in the court oi world opinion, will depend upon whether or • .• . •. ' __ • __ •a _ L-- ... L_ 

not the pro·segregotton, cntt-VIOience masonry na~ 'ne 

courage to speak out against the reigns oi terror that 

shook Little Rock, Arkansas, Nashville and Clinton, Tennessee. 

The voice of the South has become in too mony 

instances that of irresponsible politicians and their equally 

misguided followers. Spurred on by some public office 

holders, o violent srnoll minority is willing to defen~ segregot ion of or-y price 

The Negro and forward-looking white people working 

for integration {another minority} ore unable to cope 

w1th the violent mob. Violence which has shaken the 

South for the pest \'ear will continue until and unless the 

prc .. s€:-gre;aticn but !aw=cbiding mcjcrity c!ecr!y under~ 

stands and speaks out against violence. 

r...1 ·--• _ :: 1 leaders to make the issue dec r 

and to get the majority to speck out lor low end order is 

one of the fNemost goals of Highlander. 

1957 PROGRAM CULMINATED IN ANNIVERSARY 

-rt-~t:- 1957 prvgrarr. was largely pointed in this direc- ~,,.., .. ~ ri,,...,~,.~ . ..J ' '"k- ?~~t... n:-.nivPr~nrv r.,l,..hrntPrl rlurinn --·-- --·····-·--·, --·--·-·-- --····::~~ 

~e Labor Doy week-end 

~o.,.:·.,;:ctc!-> ed;toriolized the celebre-

·< ·n "'he ;-:,ghic.,:Jer school is helping remake the South. 

' , .. ,, .. ·• _ ' · :<, quiet, modest woy. It has much to 

b. f·/1:..jy ·!S second nuorter see the fulfillment of the gools 

;t fre£0_.:;~ c~·.:: ~uq·~f. that guide its modern pioneers." 

Moc:er,... 01•_-~,..:-~s. ot the anniversary seminar on "The 

"'1 1-\ Ti-, .. ;. ~->r-:-; =~·· heord Negro and white leaders 

rt"M tht"Jt..:gnout the South discuss the progress made in 

h,..- <:tr -·;--:: ~- ~-· -t .... ~ :.-wblem still confronting democracy ,-_ j':,E ~..._...,i,;, l "<f.::: f,v,..Jred persons attended the three-day 

.··-;ror--_ ~~·::~' _ '-•,-c; ~'Y tc!k.::. by the Rev. Martin luther 

:ong ond Aubrey Wdl.oms, both of Montgomery, Alabama. 

lnrens;ve wc;rkshop diScussion led bv leaders of the 

1i-egrotion mov~rntnt · go·..-e the onniversOry participants a 

' _' '~•~ _;·..:;,:;tivnproblemintheSouthos 

t'- I C!: o review o:: Highlander's post twenty-five years of 

. '•::e. 

t~-::~o~,~c, ( t ~~,t _..J,~,---;-:-:;hf'i reod like a rolf eoll of persons 

·'"'It' 11 !I: ;- - • .-,rc.::-·~~t.r"'ln struggle. Included were Dr. 

·• ..... ~· nwrn~ton Institute; Mr. Alan McSwain, 

.,:,tor. Tcnneso,ee, Mr> Rose Parks, Montgomery, Ale-

,_,~; oc .-• R is 1•c 1· D Wurd Nichols, Jacksonville, Florida. 

'_' ~- o ,., ;pc )' ., Dean of the Rockefeller Memorial 

- ..iC"><?j, ; : ... ;•ve -~·t·, :/ c~.icago, wos the seminar chairman. 

e• Mo•ne 

The theme cf •'lc ar.n;versory celebration was perhaps 

-st su:-nm::;rized by a new Highlander movie premiered 

·-··-~ ~····- . ' .......... -........... _ 

• 

during the Labor Day week-end. The movie, showing Negro 

and white people learning and working together ot Highlander, concluded with the late Zilphio Horton sinliing 

"We Will Onrcome." 

The spirit of the celebration was phrased by one of 

the participants: "One hos to liYe, eot, and talk with both 

Negro ond whites to see how the whole problem boils .town 

to the simple problem of how to treat another person like 

a humon being; not like a thing or object for one's pri•ote 

use or need." 

There was time for fun and entertainment during the 

Labor Day week-end os Rolph Teffeteller coiled square 

donees and os Pete Seeger played the guitar and led group 

singing. 

Participants at the seminar not only shored their 

knowledge but oledoed $2.500 in financial suooort to the 

school. With H.ighlande~·s· federal tax stotu~-still undeci: 

ded the monies pledged at the program will be o material 

contribution to conti_nuotion of Highlander's prQgrom. 

The tax-ruling continues to hold up needed funds from 

foundations which Ofe able ro give only to tax-free institutions, but Highlander's program of education for integration gained renewed vigor from its 25th anniversary program. 

FIVE WORKSHOPS AnRACT 217 LEADERS 

, I . ,. 

WORKSHOP IN PROGRESS 

While the Labor Day seminar was the climax to the 

school's expanded program, mare than 200 participanb 

in the five workshops this year illustrated the sense of 

urgency held by Southern whites and Negro people to keep 

working for integration. More work in North Carolina and 

I 
in Florida and more workshops in 1958(· Jdvocoted by 

oil leaders attending . 

January and February workshops hod approximately 

f,fty port•ciponts from North ond South Carolina, Florida 

and Tennessee 

The school focused its attention on the college students dur~ng March as thirty-six students from the University of Oh.o, Georgia Tech, Emory, Tuskegee, Fisk, Antioch, Putney Graduate School ond Bard attended ond 

turned the spotlight on prejud•ce. 

During April the school opened its doors to informal 

groups of three ond six os guests from Philodelphic, New 

York C.ty end Copenhagen, Denmark, enjoyed the casual 

atmosphere of the school The Executive Council also met 

during the month, rounding out a full program for the 

steff. 

A number of teachers attended the June and July 

workshops and students from seven Southern states gave 

o thorough airing to the problems of Negroes' registering 

and voting ;,... the South. 

As director of workshops, Mrs. Septima P. Clark mode 

extended trips during much of the fall end winter of 1956-

1957 into the states of North Carolina, South Coraline, 

Florida. Georoia and Tennessee Mrs. Clark has been recenny nom~a LJirector of t:ducotion at Highlander. (Se~ 

cover). 

As reported briefly in the last annual report, members 

of the Highlander staff worked out a program of guidance 

and ossi~tonce to the Negro children at Clinton, Tennessee. 

A series of morale-boosting parties and special-subject 

tutoring helped smooth the turmoil in Clinton. The Clinton 

program, cont:nurng th•s year, was highlighted when Bobby 

Cci" bec<:>me the first Neg•o in the South to groduote 

•,-;:.:-- ::- ·" .. 2]:-:-:~~c puh!;..- high s:hool 

New Books 

[;._,,,, .,, th< summer, George Clifton Edwards of Dallas, 

T~x::J~, d.)r·D~ed on invaluable life-time collection of books 

prirr•o,;ry nr. the South to the Highlander library. 

The Board of Christian Education of the Presbyterian 

Church, v .S A , ho.s produced a moving picture, "The Face 

of the South," which George Mitchell, former chairman of 

the H1ghiG~1deo Executive Council, originated at High· 

I onder 

INTEGRATED YOUTH CAMP 

~-. f. ; .~ . ~. A 

I . ·- .· "'-" .~ ~J.-•,.~ \ . ~·, . .... ,~...("'11~ '"' ,.. ' • 

~ .... ..r-. :;s.,~ .... ..:·.. t; '-i. -I;,. 

. -. __ .,.: c·-u· . ,~ ~ ·-- -:- c~ . , #_C.. . w 

rQ '". ,-·{ ~ '~~- ~ :· , ,- ~.:. 

I 1,_. ~~~-c~l '• ~\ ~.;: 

_r--¥.4' ·.. l?ly.. . ...., ..... _et, oiL. b ~.-A In addition to the other activities, "Camp Koinoniaw; .. ,_,,~!'·:~-::- ·.;.ith an ir.tt;rro(iol staff of eleven adults and 

: · ':' , .. -·- ·; ·.::!mpers fr.)m 12 states ex;>lored the mountain 

t0p dw•w.;; the Iotter port of June and early July. 

' .~;:~ ~"'· . :;l . I· . .-:'{ .. · . 

:.. - t :l f?!~). 

..1!"-i::. ·• 

\t'""'j' 

.w~~ 

J 

The Community program contin11ed apace with Hifhlander facilities used regularly all year lly the "-H club 

and the lake used for awimming and fishing by 111ony of 

our neighbors. 

HIGHLANDER IN THE FIELD 

The leadership training P<ogram in the field continued 

to move forward in Johns Island, South Carolina and 

Sevier County, Tenn. Shortly after the group at Johns 

Island finished remodeling their building o co-operative 

store was established ond 37 people enrolled in the night 

school to learn to read ond to write in preporoticn for 

qualifying to vote. lro Sevier County, Tennessee, o series of 

residential week-end schools developed leadership for o 

number of rural communities. 

Myles Horton took time out from the school's busy 

workshop schedule to address the 43rd onnuol meeting of 

the National Conference of Catholic Charities in Konsos 

City, in September. . Earlier in the year, Mr. Horton represented the Adult 

Education Association of the United States at the American-European Conference on Residential Adult ,£ducotion 

in Bergen, Holland. 

FINANCIAL PICTURE 

In response to letters regarding the loss of tox exemption, Highlander hos received almost twice os many indi-

•idual contributions os lost year. With this encouragement 

the staff hos moved forward with pions for o second 25 

years with renewed energy ond with confidence. The 

school is not only gratified with the responses from many 

friends, some of whom hove doubled their contributions, 

but is also pleased with the efforts of committees throughout the country to raise funds. The New York Committee 

is carrying on o fund-raising compoign by letter-writing. 

At the Labor Doy celebration delegates from every 

.Southern state, many poor, some unemployed because of 

the brave stand they hove token, voted to make monthly 

pledges to keep Highlander operating. The friends of 

Highlander in Chicago hove responded by o notional campoign for whet is being coiled the Guarantors Fund. They 

propose to enlist 200 people who will pledge o minimum 

of $10 o month for the next 12 months. This will provide 

o minimum operating budget, o floor, of $2,000 o month. 

Larger ond smaller gifts beyond this will enable Highlender to conduct additional workshops ond do more e><-

tension work in the field. 

Contributors will be moiled a Guarantor cord supplied 

by Mrs. Emily Waldman, 1329 East 50th St., Chicago 15. 

Funds will be deposited in o Highlander account in o 

Chicago bonk ond once each month on authorized Highlander agent wi II draw o check remitting to the School the 

amount of pledges collected for that month. 
~4----------------, ( . { G H L A N DE l l E P 0 l T S 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT SUMMARY 

"Highlander Folk School ended the fiscal year 

5eptember 30, 1957 with on operating fund deficit 

of $9,193.86 Receipts for the year were $39,482.95 

and expenses for the year were $71,273.94 (including $6,51275 provision for depreciation>." 

(signed) HARRY V. HERRELL 

Certified Public Accountant 

Financial statement was prepared by Harry V. 

Herrell, CPA, Knoxville, Tennessee and o detailed 

copy of some will be moiled on request. 

TAX EXEMPTION REVOKED 

l:~ February the Internal Revenue Service without 

warning revoked its previous. long-standing ruling thot contributions to Highlander were deductible· for income-tax 

purposes on the basis that Highlander does not qualify as on educational organization for tax exempt purposes. The 

,._.wvntif'V"' rof. •n)(-fl?x~mpt status is being protested and 

attorneys feel confident that after o review of Highlander's 

activities the Internal Revenue Service will restore the tax 

!xempt status. 

This action on the port of the federal government has ~ncouraged anti-Highlander statements on the port of 

;e':'"f':]nt~onist Governor Martin Griffin of Georgia, and on 

;epte,-,ber 7 Senator James 0 Eastland of Mississippi, 

,.,·i"Ju ~tore~. "I om in thorough agreement" with the 

nte!"~o! Revenue Service action making donations to 

, ... '' Sch:>oi no longer deductible. 

ROGRAM SUMMARY 

~ •·,c.>. • 1 -:,.,g wo~""k.shops on public school integration; 1 College 

:o.$', ,. ~me ~vb,.ect; 2 Ex•cyfi¥'e CoYncil IT'Ierfmgs; I Highlander 

H1S.u!t.mts ,,,eet;ng, 1 Pre-Christmos portv for Cli'l'\ton pupils; Vilitol'\ 

.. .....- .a.-"lt•r r., ond P'vtM-y, PhiloMiphio, New York, Copenhagen, Denmark; Throe-day Semlnar-"T .. S.oth Tlli•ld .. A .... , .. Auguot 30-

Septtmber 2nd, participants present from 21 ltate5, over 200 leoders; 

Camp Kainonio-'Highlander three weeks, June 2•-July 12; Adult program for Illiterates and young people, Jonuory 8, February 27, 37 

o11ended, Johns Island, S. C. 

Four re5idential week-end workshops in Sevier County, Tenn., 75 

attc~d =ch ~k...l;cp; ~;orcd u t-.. -tori~ ;chcc! lr; !(r;cnoi!!c fCi 

Clinton Negro pupils; conference with people of Oak Ridge to povide 

help for the Negroes of Clinton inconvenienced by the dynamite 

blostings; worked with Neg~s in Columbia, Tenneuee, Ortondo, 

Florida and Greensboro, N. C. 

Conferences Attended 

Notional Adult Education association meeting in Atlontic City, 

No.,ember 12-15, 1956; Alpha Koppe Alpha convention in Ationto, 

Go., Dec. 26-31, 1956; South Carolina Social Workers Conference, Nov. 

1. 1956; Southern Conference Educational Fund, Atlanta, Go., Fob<uory 2-3, 1957; Southern Mountain Workers Conference, February 21-

23, 1957; Council on Christian Faith and Human Relations; Econom;c 

ReSOYrce and Development Committee of Southern Mountain workers 

in &rea, Kentucky, Moy 3, 1957; Phelps-Stokes Conf•rence ot Copo. 

hosic, VIrginia, June 22-23, 1 957; Americ:on-Eurapean Conference on 

Residential Adult Education, Holland, June 30-July 11, 1957; National 

Conference of Catholic Choi-ities in Konsos City, M.issouri, Sept. 1-4-18, 

1957. 

Publicity 

Articles about Highlander appearing in 1956-1957--ln4c,...._ 

Call, February, April; So.ithern Patriot, Septembtor; C.roliM T-... 

February, April; Macon Doilr Times, September; Pol-.tt. Le.M, Jyne; 

Atlotrto Constihrtion, September; Chothnooto Ti ... , Septe~; lir-

•i .. 1ho'" Ne,..., September; Noshville TORIIUSMn, Septerrber; No .... le 

loftnor, August, Xptember; The Pockin1 HouN Worker, September; 

Now York Ti~~~n, July; ChottOftOOtiCI Free p,..., Septen"Oer; Atl•lt 

Leo4enhip, June. 

HIGHLANDER'S EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEMBERS 

Mrs. Helen lou, Benedict College, Columbia, S. C.; 

Mrs. Sarah Patton Boyle, Box 3183, University Station, 

Charlottesville, Vo.; Dean B. R.. Brazeal, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Go.; Mrs. Septima Clark, Highlander Folk 

School, Monteagle, Tenn.; Mrs. Harry Gershon, 1590 

Horvord Rood, N.E., Atlanta 6, Go.; Dr. Charles Gomillion, 

Deon, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.; Mrs. Groce Hamilton, 

Atlanta Urban League, 239 Aubum Ave., N.E., Atlanta, 

Go.; G. R.. Hathaway, Secy-Treos., United Packinghouse 

Workers of America, 608 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 5; Mrs. 

John Etta Hayes, 2519 Heiman St., Nashville, Tenn.; Dr. 

John Hope II, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn.; Myles 

Horton, Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn.; Mr. 

Esau Jenkins, 244 Spring St., Charleston, S. C. 

Dr. Lewis Jones, Rural Life Council, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.; Miss May Justus, Route 1, Tracy City, Tenn.; 

Mr. Stewart Meacham, Apt. 1704C, 453 Franklin Roosevelt Dr., New York; Mrs. Rasa Parks, Holly Tree Inn, 

Hampton Institute, Hampton, Vo.; ReY, Eugene Smathers, 

Calvery Presbyterian Church, Big Lick, Tenn.; Dr. P. A. 

Stephens, 1917 Citico Ave., Chattanooga; Jordan Stakes 

Ill, Attorney-at-Low, Sudekum Bldg., Nashville; Miss Lucille Thcrnbur;h, Associate Editoi, liiit TennCiiH lal;or 

News, 311 Morgan St., Knoxville; Mrs. Arnetta Wallace, 

5120 So. Porkwoy, Chicago; Mr. Tom White, Sec., Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Lexington, Tenn.; Aubrey 

Williams, Publisher, Southern Form &. Home, Montgomery 

1, Ala.; Charles Wilson, Tenn. Rep., lnt'l Union of Mine, 

Mill & Smelter Wkrs., P.O. Box 51, Columbia, Tenn.; 

Mrs. George Wolfe, 7901 Carroll Ave., Takoma Park 12, 

Md.; Professor J. E. Pierce, Alabama State College, Montgomery, Ala . 
( 

J ·-

. . ~ . . . . I 

• :0. ,"' I 0 0 

·~ ·'·· t . ,. ;,.~ 1_ ... ,4, . -.. . . ~; ., ~ .... : ,~ . ..... ...... ,~---· . • , t. ....... . . :' :,~·-,. ~'!.~~·-·--' . ~ , ' . , ..... ,.;..; . . ' ... -·- ..... ~" ~- I . t "'"' , ~ ., 

If ',*'.~ • it• .... -. -' ,AI·~.·., ..... - -· ,.~f. I"':.·",", • .. ' -.. f' ' •- ' - , - ~· . ~ ' .• -....... -. . - ~ ' -'-+ ·~~-~1~ .. _ ........... 

L 
,.,, 

. '. -. ~ 

. ' .. , . ;;. 

' ;~ _:::-.·:' 

•': 

,,,·.,--

- · .. :; 

a copy of 

ghlander Folk School.~ 

he received in the 

publication: 

The paper, published by t~)drgia Commiss:l,QJL~n Ed_ucat:t9n, 220 Agriculture Building, 19 Hunter Street, 

+-........ 

Atlanta 3, Ga., consists of four pages and lists the Communist 

affiliations of persons in attendance at the Labor Day Weekend 

1957 Seminar at Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn. PagesQ• 3 and 4 of the paper are devoted to pictures of the mixture of 

the races of persons in attendance at this school. 

The editorial comment mentions that in this issue 

readers have seen pictures of the leaders of every major race 

incident in the South from May 1954 until the time of the Labor ~ 

Day 1957 meeting of the Communist Training School, Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn. It was also mentioned that names • .• 

of the national figures are easily identified with their pictures'\ and 1 t is the intention of the publishers to identify all the ,...;,~ . leaders and participants of this Communist Training School. ;J 

~;ri~~i!id~~lw~~;~ ~o!PI~~~!t~~o~;g~!~~::s ~; ;di~~~i!{Yis ~ 'signed Gov~ MARV~IN with Executive Secretary listed ·;: 1:1 

! as T. ~IAMS, ~. 220 Agriculture Building, 1,9 H~ter •f'l. . Street, .. s. W., ~lanta, Ga._ · · ~ :{);.. 

- rv· request. k~r:~e~\e w1she~ ~~ ~~~ i~~e~dm!~t~~P~I ~c~~~ ~~~~e ~ the paper was unsolicited and he does not know how the publ ah••-a 

obtained his name and address. 

~),_g)- Burea~ (69~GISTERED MAIL) . . . ~' I i : ~~~l~,~~;;mf_~yL.~ . · . 'h 1-J 5'/ / • 

2 - Philadelphia - D£C0Rt'lE0 -11 ,,.; _ -;-; /~. ,... (1 - i00-3448) " ,.., I/ , , , • 

< 1 - 1oo-2o3o7 > ·· iNDEXED · 19 -p · t .-.r ~~ . : 

(I 'l/ ~ • . .. - ~ . ,, 

~ · 1""' rn ~'e o.Yr <£ r.~ ~-.. " ~~ 

G 0 JAl~ ~7 19S8 I_, '1 ~'\: 
" ' 

;.~~ 

~-:". ~· 

~~~ ~~ ~/: ~~~ '- -:- :- ;Ji 

~:, -~~~ 

~> '::.t: ~---- -:~ 

. ·. "- . __ , ~~x 

~~~~- J·!: J ·'f. ~ 

,JJ- - ... 

. ; -.- . ', ,-~ ·-:~_. 

PH 100-3448 

A 

v 

: •• '.o. ·_. ·~ ~-.·-·· 

:;;+:;'- ·-. -; ( 

On 12/20/57, former SA made available 

to SA a copy of the "Highlalder Folk School" which 

he received unsolicited in the mail. 

Inasmuch as these papers were received by two former 

Special Agents, the possibility exists that former agents are 

being canvassed regarding their knowledge of CP subjects in an 

effort to publicize and identify individuals pictured in abovementioned publication. 

Inasmuch as this publication is apparently receiving nation-wide distribution, this copy is being retained in the 

Philadelphia Office. · 

Atlanta is requested to advise if the extent of the 

djstribution of this publication is known and if information 

reflecting the receipt of the publication by others in the 

PhUadelphia area is desired. 

-2- ' 
4-750 (2-7-7~~~ 

If 

( 

I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

____________ with no segregable 

material available for releasp to you. 

Info1mation pertained only to a thirrl party with no rPfPrPOC(' to :vou or the subject of your request. 

Infonnation pertained only to a third part,. Your nanw i~ I i:-.tl'rl in tlu_~ title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following gu\'PrHnJt'Il1 ag<·nc,v<iesl. -------------

- ___ , was/wL•rt• forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

r·a~t.'(S) referred for Consultation tv th(• following gO\'t•rnmenf Ug(•ncy(ies)~ 

___ ______ a~: Hw inf(,rnlation originated with them. You will 

•• ? , , -~ d ;Jf availabilit_v upon retum of tht• matt·nal to thv FBI. 

agv1.~; \\ithheld for the following rl'ason(s): 

r-/ . L:__ i'h:rfu.Jlowing number is to be used for rcfercncP TC'garding thc>s(' pages: 

'·· ; · 751L~ :!.J!j __ ___________ _ 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/00.1 
'',. 

.. ·· 

. ··:c .. • 

Office Men. 

TO 

(,.,!-7511 DIRECTOR, FBI (&6 7611) 

~~ 

rJJP~/f .. .. SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

SUBJECT:. c;?xGII,Y.JIDElLF.Q.y{ SCBQQ!-

YONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

Is-c---·-- ----

DATE: 1/21/58 

Re Knoxville letter to Cincinnati dated 1/9/58. 

Cincinnati letter to Knoxville dated 1/13/58. 

Cincinoati by referenced letter furnished the following 

information to Knoxville: 

Attached is a mimeographed circular captioned "Official 

Statement of Policy, Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenoessee," 

and what appears to be a copy of an article allegedly appearing 

in the "New York Times", 12/22/57, concerning this school. 

ieved this was probably circulated to 

the United States. 

In the future Cincinnati is requested to furnish information 

directly to the Bureau with a cc for Knoxville. 

, 

B 

Ia JAN 24 1958 
-~ .. -. 

·~. 

., 

. :;~--=~ 

, ~ I 

LEADERS DEFEND 

SCHOOL IN SOUTH 

Condemn Attacks on Adult 

Center-Deny It Seeks 

to Stir Racial Strife 

By JOHN N. POPHAM 

8peet&l to Tbe Ntw York TlmtL 

MONTEAGLE, Tenn., Dec. 21 

-A at.&tement "strongly condemning" attacks on the High· 

lander Folk School as a "Com- c::; '"'-'-' A.a...u 

:· . .: ..... 

0 

lng pu'bUc lcllool aepptton 

otatuteo. 

Tho commlsalon wu oJoo b>ld 

that a number of persons ac--

cused by Attorney General Eugene Cook of having Communi!t sympathies and affiliations 

had attended the seminar. 

The !ltatement released by 

Hr. Horton noted that a fourpage pamphlet, bearing the imprint of the Georgia Education 

Commission, was ''now being 

distrlb\.lted" and that tt attacked the Highlander School 

a5 communistir.. The !lta.tement 

charged that 250,000 eopies of 

tho pamphlet were being dr· 

culated. 

ActloD Ia Crltldzed 

{ The statement quoted Mr. munlst~training school'' to stir i'\ Horton as decla.rlng that "High~ 

racial strife in the South was U:: t..l.vt.\.{j..L l lander did not and does not 

made public today. welcome enrollment ot anyone 

Myles Horton, director of the ~ """' with a totalitarian philosophy 

school, released the 1tatement *"- ·.JilL.... whether from the extreme right over the signatures of Mrs. or the extreme left; nothing bu more trouble can come from 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dr. Rein- ' q ~ -7 the White Citizens Counci.IJ, and 

hold Niebuhr, Protestant theo· l · the Communist party's lnfiltralogian; Msgr. John O'Grady, Na- tlon into groups seeking a demotiona} Contert!nce ot Catholic eratia. solution to our problems 

Charities, and Lloyd K. Garri- since both are morally bankaon, former Dean of the Un1- rupt."• The statement- went on: versity of Wisconsin Law School. "The attempt ot the Georgia Highlander, situated on a Governor's eommlaslon to draw 

Cumberland mountain plateau from the serioua and fruitful 

about equidistAnt from Nash- deliberations of this rathertng ville and Chattanooga, is a resi- sustenance for the efforts of 

dent center for adult education the Southern raetst! to equate 

"'to study and discuss challeng- ~~~-~~~~~· T~~~~~ .. ?!. S~~~en~.!"~ d~s~greg~~on_~wtth com~unism Jng social, educational and eco-1 J.U~ll.t:!;;ee o~.u~LILuu:; At:v, .~.~a.v•~ e_voKes our 15trong conaemna- nomic problems confronting in- H. Brooks of ~llahassee, Ji!a., ltion. . . dividuals and communities in Rev. Dr. M.artm Luther. Kmg. ..Thl.!l lund of Irresponsible the South." Negro clergyman who directed demagoguery is obviously deD KJ at MeetlD• the :Montgomery (Ala.) bus

1

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signed to intensify the diffi- r. nr • boycott and Dr. John Hope 2d, cultles confronting decent 

The school, emphasizing labor a professor at Fisk Uni~·ersity.lsoutherners who might otherorganizationaL te.chniques, was l!J Octob~r, th.e Georgia Edu-. wise give leadership in the adounded twenty-five years ago. cation Commission, headed bYijustment necessary for the dets sessions are racially non- Gov. Marvin Griffin, _charged,segregation which is inevitable." 

iscriminatory and from time that the Labor Day se~1nar hadj The statement also held that o time 1t has come under at- constituted a "Commumst-traln-~it was "morally indefensible" to 

0 k from protesting ATOUps. lng 1chool" to promote "meth- distribute material d&maging to 

W ast Labor Day week-end, ods and taetlcs for precip1tat- the reputabon of those attend· 

z Highlander conducted a twenty- ing ractal disturbances '' tng the L&bor Day seminar. It 

c"'( ~ wh1ch participants dtscu.ssed had sent an • "agent'' to "m- Americans irrespective of geo- . ~ ftfth anniversary semmar at The commis.sion said that ttl urged that "the va.st majority of 

).--- EJ Q. •'the Implications of lntegrationlfntrate" the seminar. Commus- graphle&lloeatton joinusrs.ther ·J - ~~ for such groups as: churches, slon otf'lelals held that .. there 1 

than Governor Griffin In subf ) L..L.. VJ achools and trade unions." assembled at Highlander were scribing to Highlander's poll-

\ ( ) C/) >- Among those attending were the leaders of every major racellcies of equal opportunity." (') Dr. Alonzo G. Moron, president,incident in the South" Iince the C::!::: CO of Hampton Institute; Charles: Supreme Court decision outlaw-

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.to<- ·1-

OFFICIAL STATE~T OF POLICY 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Monteagle, Tennessee 

• 

We reaffirm our faith in democracy as a goal that will bring dignity and 

freedom to all; in democracy as an expanding oonoept encompassing human relations 

from the smallest community organization to international structure; and permeatir 

all economic, social and political activities. 

Demooracy to us means that membership in the human family entitles all to 

freedom of thought and religion, to equal rights to e. livelihood, education and 

health; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of the community 

and to equal access to public services. 

We hold that democracy is inactive unless workers are given e. full voice in 

industry through unions; or farmers e.re given e. voice in the market place through 

cooperatives; or when freedom of thought and discussion is limited; that democracy 

is outlawed by legally entrenched discrimine.t ion and segregation; that there must 

~e d~~ersity of approach but each step must be .in conformity with the goal, which 

is dishonored by ee.oh undemocratic act. 

With a democratic goal, we are in e. position to fight anything that 

gets in the way, whether it be totalitarian communism, or fascism 

or monopoly dominated capitalism. 

The purpose of the Highlander Folk School is to assist in creating 

leadership for democracy. Our services e.re available to labor, 

farm, community, religious, and civic organizations working toward 

e. democratic goal. 

The nature of e. specific educational program will be determined by the needs 

of the students • 

Use of the services of the School by individual organizations will be in 

accordance with their own policies so long e.s these policies do not conflict with 

~:~; ~~:~~~~~ of the School, A staff member will assist in planning and coordine.ti! 

8 · ' The policies and programs of the School are wholly determined by an Executive 

'~~o.u ~' u;o•"'-""'• 

Z CoJncil composed of the staff and recognized Southern leaders. 

,---0 k 

!c.: ~ .~~ Highlander Folk School is supported by contributions from individuals, 

· ' ~ "'o"·'"""'"1ons served by the School, fou."ldations and tuition. ni:/);;:: 

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The times call for e.n affirmative program, based on e. positive 

goal. An army of democracy deeply rooted in the lives, struggles 

and traditions of the American people must be created. By 

broadening the scope of democracy to include everyone, and 

deepeninG the conce • the 

of democracy \\Ould that nothin 

undemocratic could 'JS-J J-
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G.O.P. OF STATE' 

PlAN BIG HALLY 

AT KNOXVILLE 

Party to Pick Candidates 

For IJ. S., State Pests; 

Kruesi Boomed 

.,.. - llllp<>rW~t -tin· In ......., '-"1 '""" -. lor ,-. •• __.. a.p..bu.c... W!d!'1t=d:::. 

- 11w1 .r.u- 1a-...,. ,_,u. •t XMW:..tU. te ••rn• nn· II; <It ,... ,_ II &I \40d 1 .. ,_ -. t<>r • 

.,., • ...,... ltft4 ftUJoold f'CII!tD'lt.,itm• 

'"· aiW1 ~ .. fw'Lb• pt.QI lctr lb' 

w llli ~ •n... JD u.. Aat.. 

1r: 1h lh• ... ill.JL.I• llooa1 IMk Inc 

,..,..: kachra.1, Je.cfen f"l \hp 

tim• 1J ~N .... rtl~"'• to .Put l'troll( ftl11!'1'1. 

" _ • -.-. tor tb..., hnport.nt 

potlUcrn.t. 11le molt Y16oroUJ tt.at~­

•·Jd• umpaJa-n J.a 20 ;,~art U .bJ at.or-. Jt b.u bHn lndlcated. 

J(eycot«r o! the conv@ct.ioa will .. Colorful De.wey Short. ODlY Rfol'ubl1ca.n ttu~mtH-r ol Connau from 

Aliuou.rL .Short i. knoWD .. the .... '""1HIJ• .,:ta.nt oz. the Or•rkl, .. and he. .•. : •. -._.!;,; a nr\I.La •l)ofAk•.r. • · 

· · ~pubDOI.D.I •tt.Pmpted ta brtn• T'o'o:•-~: ~~ -~'._: . .::-ae7 1'llom .. J:. Dewey, 

ot New Ycrk. down tor the eon~ 

Ve!'itio.n, bllt th~ fonner ('Md.!dat .. fe.• t.'-., • ~!..li..l...:E.:,·~ial nomination 

..-u"d th&t b• ""ould be u.M.bl• to 

lnve Nf'W Yo'"k McellJO of the 

:pl'e*&ll·~ r! '!.:~.~·'·~•-· 

lii!V GJW(JP TO GO 

A. la:i·' CtOllp ot Hamilton 

C.."untht.nl art expecled to attend 

th:e c6;; • ..,.,..r, <.iN'l. A lleopubliean 

1~~dt'r !!'-~-:.! Sil.turday ht wouid 110t 

a. .U\"J)rbt"d_ it at le·ut &o local 

loudtrt ftN pr .. , .. !'lt Wednetda7. 

;.::n.·,nl ChldtanooKan• who may 

:att~r<d tht :t:r.N>twg are Paul J. 

):.:.r .. ~ member of the Rr-pubUean 

.N1Uon.al Ad\--iaory Committee-; Fa.· 

ter Jobru-::;L., memb.4!r o! the diltriet 

!Wpubllcan rommltte<e~ lUny C. 

Cnb•l..'l'h, c.ba frmAn of t~ Hamil .. t.,~ r.:--·xr,ty W;)Ji(., C:Jub; Jerome 

C. !s:,-Jar, c:.«TH}Jdate tor Conl'l"ea; 

Harar:. Hu:m;-h:i~s., chairman o! 

U.t Ha:.t:-ultnn C<:~tJ.Dh- ~ubUcaa 

~-{~·:... i' Cvo·uulu.u; Joba C. ~tnt a.hq-,.r,.•• ~-·-:rat.e to the 

...... t.pn;.f; C'oz:o,..,..,,.,., an4 I .•. ~Pf"t:'l.~tauv-. l1. brroU Beec .. et Johna.oa. City, !teP'.:.bl!r.:.n Zi.· 

ti"'!aJ CLlmml:'.~t:m-.n. -.nn.ounced 

}J'-rJ _f.Jt;r .Rt;:ll'1!-f:•nf..l!t; ~ &bort bed 

.Mo\"t'-.!"Pl 'l:! 1:1 .l.nvl'.ation. to ~ ke,--

Mt.t:r o! the C()l'.I'Pentlon.. lt.eeol. · 

-.?.:~ !G .. ~~~ to attend tbe eon- \"t!nHvr., 1aJd ht bad !n..-ited ltft>-

rceut;;:Jve John J. Jennhlp, Ot 

KnoXl"il.•, to introduoe &bort. Jen~ 

tlinp 21 in lr111h.ittQ1-on ..._r 1 ba 1a ···-.. ·•.,o "·";:~ O:.r~t i:.IS "Wl.U be @1• 

a ., · · ·"" · ~ .. :..,...~oil. 

 c:F::: ,,. . CHATlJ.NCY Nl!!wS.PREE PRESS, CRAITANQ(X4 

_.;.;::;.;.;..;.--. __ M_r-=s.;;:;R;;:,;o=-o-.se-..ve(t Sends Check · ·' .. 'li. 

, ........ .;. __ _ 

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't1,htyRIPi,rnt Bny 5'"t'liJt. at!d 

e-n ar10: u;.~n.bied 1t camp ., __ ·~-~ ,~----.· ~f':·,.; t.."'lca.mpment. 

;.,...,.,...., t.:-'li "'-~-:~ e•p •enuts !rom 

.;···..,.,~ ->v .... Ul P'lt:ubur1 

' 'lt!l :l.C""!'.l an divided into 1 

;.atn>M_ •1et-_plnr Ul.ld•r 10 arpante 'l('·., 1'. ~t~r.); ~,..,d_._r 1J in eharee • ·":': · •. · ""'!-' J.atrol mova: u • ~mn. 11. f"t .Mo,:...., are ~ven to 

:.:, • !-... t cr: .•• ,., e'-·f,m~tl. 

·:·:; .. ~> ........ J.. L.. i.D\Iite(i to 

~It c•~-P N•vr•rn Sunday eveninJ' 

at • o clO<:"K.. \ • 

Ttr.~ DPY.\ w~k will lt&rt, Wednu- d'.Y~ .Au;. ~•- a_.:::;,,!,a de1irine to at. 

0 ~i 

<101ft Wtl't.e.. rotnl"'t-u,.. i\!rplane a.- tx-·· ..-...:; .......... ~ 

.· Study th1a picture closely. Thla I!' a re-eDactment of a traric oceile 

mauga. A .:routh drowned because hia frieDds were powerless to aid him. 

urt wt..e.~o.; tn .. olC:!tJ" .couta. 

J\lr..., n.lllr &.£ CIC'O: a~ poM1bJ.' 

of We-UVJJI&". SeveD pe.rioDr have ·drowned in the lake lin ee k wu formed· otJ,,mflll 

ADy nrlmmer of ordlJiary talent mayleara W.;..ving melhoda.. Thelted c'.--

elus dally exeept Saturday and SUIIday at :M~a!Ue Lake from 10 a..m. te DOOIII 

. _ W~er !'ark. IAana te M~Dhlv liiHariq wWa •wfmm!¥ "~.· -------:-::~.....;:. _4.: - ·- -·: .. : "'- :.;~·- .... ~ ..... _-· .·_ ·.· •. ·, .. ·:.•" : 
. ' .. ' "l'· ( .. r.' .;~.l \ 

1·.~ ~:...· ~ .• •. ) ·~ ... :. . . '.,. .: ' -' ' ( 

. - ":' ... '·~' •::.·-...... 1 

. :~-~-c. .,; a a·· =• 

} .. :t. :·· 6~61:~: Head Says Capitalism ·Is ·Failure.; 

~ ff' . rge~;, S~udy . of Communism , As Solut~()n ,,. r~ -~ T .... ia IIM--oD4 ln·a aeriaa of articlea writto~ br Joluo 11 .. mile from Monteagl~ •. he diJ'eeted me the .remJt:llllllg mile • k • • •• O..Uaal• auma · of Tbe Tanoeoaeao atoll 011 tbo H•&bllllldor r.u. to the aehool, He brightened our walk w1th hiS obaerva- . ·•• {,. •. School. at Montull•. Tom>: ~· ~ roault of aumeroua quema ...: li on Colllllluni81D Grundy County polities the faculty " -- cerain1 1be aature of the lnatatuttoa. Bum• atudied the ICbool aM ODI . • . • . • 1 ·• ;o4.. 'i coauliti- in GriiD. dJ' County, 11Dd oou1bt tbe truo atorr u a .- at Higblan. der, ete., so that I felt hke an old tr1en4 when .~· ~ ·f' • vlait~·.o. bia fia4jqa/" baa -d-thia uriu of articlaa. we finally reached Highlander. · · • ' .. 

•.: .,.. ... J~ ·. . . .. • 'JO~N M DOUGAL &URNI . SCHOOl. t.OOKS UK£ FARM HOUSE. ,. • .... 

~ ,)_ . ,• ,..· . ' ·•' · ' .,.....r,.,_,.,,_ .: T .. "''~'" ... ,..-:_ • · The aehool itaelf ia back_ about a _mile fr~m the Mn:nt- . • 1\ • '•. '!ll;nryone reahz~s that eap1~hsm 1s a ~silure aad earle-Tracy City Road. It g1ves the 1mpre81IODS of bemg 

j . ;· . '• that we should examme Commumsm. That II the beat a large, rambling farm house when first viewed. Later I 

• ' . 

·~-. ·'• ·solution for oW' pl'Oblem that has been offered so far." wu told that it was used aa a farm home at one time. ~ ·:~ ·, ' Myles Horton, chairman of ,the faculty at Hicblander although later it became a cooperative farm- project head· · · Folk School and profeaaor of "labor methods," waa u- qurtera. , · .... · 

preaain~r hia views to me in the reading room of the acboo_l. I entered the gate about 60 yoarda from the front 

; , The quic:k, sharp-featured, nervouslY, energetic door walked up and knocked. After I bad· knocked aev-

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leader of the institution spoke swiftly and IDliled. en1' times, William B1,1ttrick, profeaaor of . economiea, 

MAJORITY INDORSE OPINION . C&llle to the door.. . • 

The opinion he expressed I. was to fmd "W&I tha "I want to aee Myles Horton or whoever il iD 

opinion held by all those at the school and apparentiJ ci&r!re," I said. . . · · .. 

by a tt;~a!ority of the people of Grundy County • Tena., "I cl"n attend to what you want," he replied. ·. 

where 1t 1s located. . · I to d Buttrick that I waa a visitor, that J wanted to , My talk wrth Horton came ·dyrmg the second d&J • ,,.... ehool and would like to. WOI'k for my room and 

of my visit at_ Highlander_. I had urrved late one Sun~ay -~~here was such an opportunity. 

under the guidance of Dillard Kmg, a former organiZer I' ld me that there waa no work but that. I could 

for the Workers Alliance in Grundy County, sponaored by 1191 .a-special ~ruest-student at $2' a day it I 10 dethe school. . .-. i.l• · Meeting bf chance with t)J.e lUOIUIIAil\ {1!-qD.Ilf.llbQII~.I 

crJ( v - r " • ~ 

. [:,~..: ~~· i~ ~ t b"\ 'I I ,,a'\1: ,J~ . .. -,-- .- .. ~ '-J~:J~· ~l ............... ..; : ·~:" .• "'·~· .. .... ··-· ~ -.;... ....... . ? ' '~ ' • ~ • .. 

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(C:onlinuttl. •• P.aao I, Column 2) . 

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never let JOG dowa oa t.be --·· . _.··,, . . - '1.7 

;.. 

-- . 

~~.. . .... "'"'"~--

Q. E. D.'i; 

11 wu our Intention to II•• no further 

publlcit)' to the !!!:h.!!.nder Folk kbool'• 

anniversary l:OlebroUon Iunday. The leu 

written about lbla breeder of dUcord and 

c1aa batrecl. U.o l>otlv. We cannot refrain, 

•owever, from calling ~ttenUon flo the 

&llnlne keynote addreu of :Dr • .Alva. W. 

!'aylor with ita thiniy veiled iii.vitatlw tw 

elrlfe In tbe Boulh. Tel, lbla meeting wu 

called In tho lnterul. all•rodly, of Willy for 

~cloryl Wo dl&reu from OW' Intended 

ldlence merely to remark lb&t Ulo mooting 

tu.Ufled U.o criUclml we mado of It In ad· 

;;;,co. The belt conlrlbuUon lho Jl'ollt School 1 

could make to Y!clory and to lb& .,uu. 

J'lght now would be lo ouopend for tbe duro· 

tlon and let llo faculty and &lll&lon find 

placea .. mowhen, ~ __ u.o .. rvlco of Ulo 

eountry. --

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FOLK· -stHOOl :'f;. 

DRAWS 
(( . 

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FOlK SCHOOl • 

fiGHT 

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~!:! Tl.'ESDA Y, APRIL 16, llMO~. i' 

tgures 

....... -- .,. PAGE 3 
._.,.cu~ 

"NJIJf\' nn~ 

IS OJ1IO 'uwlftP!; 
o~· ,SCHOOL HEADS ' . ' 

FNJ ~ere .. Bertea, . Eliubetb .a.... aDd 

.• • ·• ..._._L-1-, -;.~~ .. !. .. ~--· ........ 
4-750 (2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the> file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0 Deleted under exemption(s) ~---~--~--- ~ ~ -------~-~-~----- with no segregable 

0 

0 

0 

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0 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

material available for release to you. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no r<'fprc•nce to you or the subject of your request. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third part\. Your nam<' i' lis!L•d in the title only. 

Document<s) originating with the following go\·Prnment ag(·lll'\·(ies) • 

-----------------------------, was/wPrc' f()rwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) refeiTed for consultation to thl' following grl\'ernnH·nt agPncy(ies); 

_____ --·· _ a~; the infrrmtation originated with them. You will 

be: advised of availability upon rPturn of tht· matl•nal tn thC' FBI. 

·For your infonnation: 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

*NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBJ/OOJ 
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· -· \'our letter dated Jaiiiiary 26, 1958, wl th , its enc losurea • has been received. . · . -. ,. ' : .. ~:. -: .. ) ~~: ,...· ' .. - ~ (~ 

' · · · I ftald lite to point out the PBI b - atric:tlf a fact-gathering agency aDd does not •t~c . evaluat1ona or draw conclusions u to the characteror integrity of any taU vidual or organization. - Also, the 11atter of prosecution b DOt wltbla thefunctions of this Bureau but Ia a tunc:don of tbe · · Department of Justice and its representative, the 

Vnf ted States attorney. _ , . ' 

In the event you secure adcUtlonal data ., ...•. 

which you believe to be of interest to 'thi! Bureau,.-· ~ou aay desire to communicate directly with the 

Special Agent in Charge of our Knoxville Office - • 

located at 617 Walnut Street, Southwest, lnoxvllle 2, Tennessee. _ . , : . · , · -

-. ~IJo~ • 

'FEB 4 t9SS 

"0" _u ::Pal I' ~rwnoor•r 

_, 

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··-... ,'-.:~--~- • . ~ ·- - . 1;. • - . :I • ~ 

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... . 

CONF~NTIAU. I . • ·~. ····' c c ' . 

NOTE TO S.\C. 

. . . _crHt,tjfr ~-,~-; -~-' , :. ··· ·· .~},/_ ,, ... · · ·· 

KNOXVILLE C.ONTi~jretii 1...1,~ ~f: ,::,,·;; ·'f_,··;·~~ <.>, ;,.·' ; .• ... 

~- ~ -,~ / • ~,-1;-"-;';' :.\·: ~----,; ,• 

' I I • • 

The corres~ondent enclosed a ge folder .. printed by the Georg1a Commission on ation, Atlanta, Georgia, whj.ch related to the Labo ay 957• meeting· · :· 

held at the"'1H~hlander Folk School · &'~j, ?Monteagle, Tennessee. This folder has bee~ previously made 

available to the Bureau and to your office. Also 

enclosed by the correspondent were eleven newspaper clippings pertaining to the HFS from •Nashville . ·· .... Tennessean," the "C~attanooga News-Free Press" and . 

-. 

from unidentified newspapers. These were all old .. , clippings and the ones containir~ dates were dated in 

1939 and 1940. All articles were of the same general 

nature in that they were critical of tle school and 

alleged it taught communism. Correspondent criticizes 

the HFS and wants to know what can be done to get the ·•· . ' 

FBI to investigate and close ~e school. · · 

The HFS is 

Referenced Knoxville 

well known to your office. -~ 

file 61-12. (~1-7511) 

' . ·._ 

NOTE ON VEl LOW : : ' .. -~ .t ... - .~-.--i· 

· .. . ' 

.- 2 ...... 1·· -- --· ~- '!"'.·· 

.- ; T-
4-750 12-7-79) 

/3 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

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D Infonnation pertained only to a third part:v. Your name is listed in the title only. 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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c/Deleted under exemption(s) _ ~_7_c;; .,f ._r.:_)-'"'J/'-I _____ with no segregable 

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D Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is lif'tf.'d in thP title only. 

D DocumenUs} originating with the following govcmment ag(·ncv( iPs) • ____________ _ 

___ -----~-------- , was/wPr<~ forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

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_______ as tht· information originated with them. You will 

be aJ\'iseJ of availability upon retum of thP matPrial to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following n'ason(s): 

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'For your infonnation: 

~~following number is to be used ~,·fprcncP r<'g<zing these pages: 

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, < UNDER Fml!: lN '61 . 

UNI~IRev. Mr. M ... WI . r \ ~~r:~c~t! •... ON · '1 ~recent months, critician of 

Hi . · has atemmed from hl.s atts At ·Pastor ', tendaJ\C<' la•t Labor J?ay at a . · mlnar held at the Higll)ander · · · ; I Folk Sdlool, Monteagle, 'I'enn. . -_ · Several Communist - connection 

Associated With Sqhoo!, = lllv• !!o!n !!!l!'!e<! at the! 

; ChargedWithRed ); wetierman's ·otat.ement I . Connections charged Paradise and RI!'V. Mr. 

' Tucker mllde public false In· 

The Hamilton Cdunty Coun- !Qnnation about a covernment 

elf of the .American Legion wltneas ln a Federal "Com· 

loosed its first official blast munism" case acalnat Myles Ma · Horton, director ot tbe Htg-ha yesterday at the Rev. ur!oel lander school. I 

McCrackin, West End ministl>r· Wetterman laid Rev. Mr.: 

1111der attack for attending a Tucker had clrculated letters, 

ieminar at a'Tennessee school stating the government witness 

:barged ·with Communist con- was discharged by tbe Federal: 

nections. " Bureau of Investigation, andi 

Previotuly, elementl In the that the ease against Horton!' 

LecJon ranks had ta~<en pot had been dropped because of 

ots at Rev. Mr. McCrackin. perjured testimony by the 

t yesterday'a blaat waa.more 'witness · · I a broadolde. "'l'hio. Ia a deUben~ ·an~th, I e Legion also denounced made without •ubataDtlaUon, es C. ParBdise, president of m a.Cidltfon to being u Improper 

the Cincinnati Chapter of t.h e . use ot the. FBI'• nam. e," Wette.r-~· American Civil Liberties Union, • man aafd. 

and the Rev. Luther Tucker, I The Legion opokesman said . .pastor of the Indian Hili Epis- · Paradise gave out the same incopal-Presbyterlan Church, as 1 ' formation in the January 16· 

I. n...,...., nf ......... u... u ... _ : ~.. ,.._.__,_ ""' .. _. -u.. ' suppo.~-.... .......................... .a.o. .. -~

1 ~-'· tJonns ~,..:n ..... '"n ... ...,. ng. 

Crackln. · · · Wetterman laid the Legion 

In a statement signed by Neil l Council "has placed a full re--

-Wette:nnan, the Legion coun- ) port of this matt~ In the 

~~il's. Hamilton County .Arner- , hands of FBI Director J. Edgarl ·Iearusm chatmlan, Paradise and 1 Hoover. - · · 

!

Rev. Mr. Tucker were charged · He added that tbe Legion's 

with "distorting facts" In a !·[stand on Rev. Mr. McCrackili 

'pub II c meeting on cherges and his supporters h~. ". ;:) jagainst Rev. Mr. McCrae · orsed unanimously by mem ... January 16 at St. John's Unl· , f the First Dis · hio 

tarian Church, Cli!tan. Amv -..:. ____ _ 

As for Rev. Mr. MoCracldn - himself, tbe Leg1on's tpOkesman 1

decl&red It •'oppoae& aud wUl 

eontlnue to oppose" his prNe.b· 

tatlon of his beUefs to youth. I 

Tbe Legion deacrtbed Mr. 

M~kin's bellefa M .. • 

,men to th: belt Interet~ 

.-.r 00 try. .. --'- . 

' 

tPI- /}:J/1-;;, C) t 

ENCLOSURE 

CINCINNATI ENQUIP.ER 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

DATE 2-//otSL I I 

PAGE._-.!.../~::.._ __ 

EDITION Morning Firu 
. ~- ~·· 

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. ····. •· . Jfi;;·~ei .. ~---L~ ·. 

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TO 

17p£.~: , . v.-L/ 

Director, FBI 

. SAC, Atlanta 

. .. 

(65 J&tl) 

· ..... _ " .. 

(100-804) . •· .... ·, ; . 

/ ' SOBJIICT: 6 HIGHLA~DE~ FO~~ ~~~L ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

_ HER~I~?IlS ~~CLA_ SSIFIED .·8\ 

· DAT JL _ 4 BY~~ir 

~ IS - c··~, ------~-..-.-.-........ _...,. (KNOXVILLE ORIGIN) 

Reference is aade ~o Philadelphia letter dated 12/27/57,· 

captioned as above. · 

advised 

publication 

c "Highlander Folk chool printed and distributed 

by the Georgia Commission on Education 220 Agriculture 

Building, 19 Bunter St., Atlanta 3, Ga. • advised he did 

not know to whom this publication was being distributed, but 

believed that it would be mailed to those individuals who 

are in local and State politics, as well as those throughout 

the United Statea.politically inclined on a national level. 

He advised he did not know if former Special Agents of , . the FBI had received copies of this publication unsolicited· 

in the mail, ~ .· · · 
. '~- .. , . 

·_._ ~ ' • . _· 1 .·' _-:-· • 

I' .,· •.' :· ', • :·-,_ ' 

'-~~-- :: ( . .:·-:. ~ '· ., ''' :·. ~- ,. ::_:; ___ , '--·. ~:.: .;:.:. ~'::: _._,.,. ·_ ;_:·. - -~_·,_:.:· •·. ':. :::,· .. ~- . • • ,, :>-

'_,_. . 

. . 

AT 100-804 

·• 

Enclosed herewlth for the Bureau and HeW York are coples of 

this publicatlon entitled "The Highlander Folk School". 

. ' 

A copy of this letter is furnished to New York for information 

purposes only, as well as to Philadelphia and Knoxville, Origin. 

in this case. 

RUC. 

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·. 

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6 iMAR 17,1958 

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Karch 24,!958 

CAMPBELL CHAPTER D, A. R. 

NA5HYILLK, TKNNES5KK 

) Mr. V. Edgar Hoover, 

1, Washington, D. c • 

The members of Campbell Chapter, My Dea~s· ; 

Daughte of the American Revolution,one 

hundre .. strong,wish to call your attention 

to thel f!_ighland!!_:t:.~.!..§chpol located. in M£,Jtnteagle,Tennessee and urge you to take steps·· 

to revoke it 1 s charter. We are not familiar 

with the necessary technical procedure for 

such an act but have confidence in your knowledge and ability. 

We feel that this school,though accomplishing some good,is influencing the 

mountain people of that area toward Communistic ideals. 

We do not want such a school any- where but certainly not in Tennessee. 

We would like for you to know we 

stand back of you in all such efforts. 

Nashv1lle,5,Tenn. 

REG- 98 

f..LL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNClASSifiED -jiB DATE r?j,9(?4 BY ,Y!? Kf?~ ~4rf'J'J. ~· 

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. . . '., '.· ., . -< ·~: ,~_.-.· •<"'i·~l 'AllJNFORMATJON CONTAINED·:_,·' • . • .. . -~ : . .-. :' .i'•·i, . HEREIN CLASSIFIED . 

"4~trrr5:~ ~.:;Jt/ 

.. ' 

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--".··,··.··. ~ /,1- ·,p!'-:.~?:~' ~.": - ~ ,t· • • )· --" . ~; ... --= ""'-~ 

Your letter cbted March 24, ·1958, ·.has· been recelve4, 

aDd I appreciate the tatereat whb:h pr9mpted your c:omaunlcatioa. · • .t 
. ' 

3'1/ .. 

·' 

. '" ,-,-

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The abon fa furaisbecl for )'Our fDfor.atloa · . . (. .. '· . ., . . . . .... 

. -

NOTE ON )'ELLOW; . . Correspondent desires to -fall the Bureau's · 

attention to the llighlander Folk ~cbool. She feels the· 

school is influencing the people of that area toward . . comnunistic ideals. She states she is not familiar with 

the technical procedure to revoke the charter of the 

school but has confidence in the Direc~or's knowledge and 

ability. She also states that she and the organization she represent~ stand firmly back of t}},e_ .P.~ry_c_to.lj•_ ~ ••, . 

. . . The "Hi gblandU-E4lk,School fi~Js'ti~~=gtffi~ ~;rf~;f ly by donations from individuals and labor un1ons in form of · 

·payments for students attending its courses. It offers 

courses of instruction in labor organization, social econorn 

and the general field of labor education. It has bad CP . members on its staff ~nd has followed the practice of . · I 

welcoming communists as students. It has never offered r 

courses of instruction in communism, nor h~the CP ever : 

succeeded in gaining control of the school. ~ue to its r 

interracial character, it has been tl1e subJ c'f of numerous 

past allegations that it represents the headquarters for ~ 

comnunism in Eastern Tennessee. The allegations have nevf 

been substantiate~.j .. (6 .. h7.~\\:-Al0) .. : . . · ... .- , · . t.Jt L1~i""r ~ .. .L. -t ~ • 

~/ .. 1fli~ '~" . '. . . '' . '• 

. ~,HJAIJ . ... ·--2·-
4-75012-7-791 ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the fill'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain t.'lis deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(sl vE- 7 (_ : ..£:. 7 Pc______ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. -/ -

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third part). Your nanw is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following go\·emmcnt agenc:•,dies). 

~- _ ·-- , was/Wl'rt' forwardt•d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agenl'y(ies); 

_ a~; the infomwtion originated with them. You will 

Ue aJviseJ uf availability upon rPtum of tht· matcnal to thv FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following reason! s 1: 

D ·For your infonnation: --------~---

u/b}~l~Ji:f/l~s)37/ for wferPnce regarding thcs __ "_p_a_ge_s_' ___________ _ 

XXX XXX 

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PINION ~:::lf!~ Mr. Rose~ Mr. Tamm __ _ 

cit! 

STANDARD 

Tile lasi•• tiPolitlcs_ 

Mr. Trotter_ 

SUITE 1202 - 105 WEST MADISON STREET Mr. W.C.Sullivan 

Tele. Room __ 

Mr. Holloman_ 

ALL INFORMATION CO~JTAINED CHICAGO 2, ILL, ____ June 13, __:_ _____ --P;;-- ~~-" '~--. , f 

HEREJN l WJCLASSIFlED ~ 

DATE " -sy cW ~e0- c!J r 1 

,, 

!l 

8/{ji /~,. ---· 

#"' / /// / / .. ------- / 

Hon. J. Edgar Hoover, 

Director, 

Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice, 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover. 

The enclosure will explain 

itself. 

Thought you might like to 

see it, i.e., if you have not already received copies 

' 

.. - ,,~\ ~..,._, ... 

" 

REc. 43 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the filP. One or more of the following statements, where 

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D Deleted under exemption(s) -··-- __ . 

material available for release to you. 

_____ with no segregable 

0 lnfonnat!on pertained only to a third part~, with no reft>rence to you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third part\. Your name is listc•d in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agencv(ies). 

\.\ '\ \ 

)\ .. 1..\\XX 

XX XX XX 

___ , was/w('rl' forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following gmwnment agPncy<iesl; 

_________ _ ___ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

l;e d(Li~eJ i_;f availahdity upon rdurn of thl' matl'finl tn the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason~: 

5.&, ·L /N Eo /}.s Jc Ii 

'For your infonnation: 

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QJNt IBEI4TIAL: 

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Tour letter or June U, 1958, with enclosure. 

bas been received. You IUI.f be 1\U'e that I deeply appreciate 

the lntereMt which prompted you to bring this matter to my 

. i 

Sincerely youra, 

NOTE: 

.... ... 

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He Folk " which has 

previously been brought to the Bureau's attention on numerous occasions 

This school, which is supported primarily by donatio~_ from ~dividuals 

and labor unions, offers courses of instruction ln Iabor·organi~tion, 

~¥;e:;:~:~~ i~'l~~r::~~~ :~~~~~~ ~{:~:::~~!~ se~ had 

communists as students. It has never offered courses'of insttifi::tion in 

~~:O~W:~e n:ar~:~~~r~~::.._ftet c:~~~~=~: ~ ::Uben;n~;r~~b1e~~ many past illlegatlons that Jt represents the headquarter-s for commlinisn 

~:~:~:;,-_ ln Eastern Tennessee .. ·Tltase allegations have never been substantiated. 

.. ' f_,_:·_'·,.._~_.:.:_·.i_ .. ~.·~.:,t::._"_'l-. Belmont-- (61-7511-210) c·~J >. ,,7 :~ •'" ,. ' . ~_,--:;:__,.,~ Mohr /) a. _ ;.. :.., k..... .. , }, : !-:;.. ... , 

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~~ 5,.·_ 
4-750 (2-7-791 

) 

( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

XX XXX X 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the fill'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

. J. . • r r(J cif'Deleted under exemption(s) __ ._ZC _ J p 

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0 Document<s) originating with the following goVPfllll\Pnt ag(•Jll'\·( ies) • -----·-

- __ , wa,..,/wpn· forwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl' following gnYt>fllntL·nt ag('ll('y(ies); __________ _ 

__ ________ __ a:-. thl' information originated with them. You will 

ih-:> aJ\·i~eJ of availability upon ret.um of tlw matt•riul to Hw FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(~): 

[] For your information: 

~he following number is tc be used for rt'ferc'nce rPgardin~: theS<' pages: 

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rJrLR INFORMATION Cm!TAINEO ~~ : 

.. " TE EIN c3 'M~SSIFIEO BY ~~""' . . . ~ r .. _ 

a-132~ l(j. ~'\.;~ 7 'L ~- £1..--751/-- ")33 - ;;::-s- - .· 1958 

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TRUE COPY 

' "' .. 

:>-~~ .... -. ~··- .-·-·.: ... ~~ .... ., __ • 

. _._._··. -.. 

. ,

}lr. J. F.dg~r Hoover,'· :i · · ·'" "'1._ -.f' ·---; 

:< . 

Dear Sir . - ~- " ·"'·---

' 

Yo11 Find inclosed Some l'aper. titere a lot "of .talk 

about this School Some of the Doctors and Preacher 

here are going down there makin~.talks 1 think it 

ought to be look in to. it the only School of it 

I:ind in Tenessie they Say and Preacher From other 

States are telling about it over the Radio Ark •. 

Texas and other States. Saying Tenessie bas a , communist School 1 dont Know any thing about it. 

You can tell more when you read this paper. Yours Truly. ' · ' 

TI;UE COPY' .... ""! . 

.- -~-

' • ' ·, 

.:r "' . ' ' :;_· . ' .... •. .. _ ..... . -..,~· 

. . 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAJrlED 

. 

HEREIN \s UNCLASS~ tATE J if\~ BY t 

-·· ... ·'> ,• ' ~-

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·'' •. 

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-<r:-:- -;::-----

. - ~--
Communism 

and the 

NAACP. 

Jtl--> ~-{~6. 
Preface 

The i_nformation contained in this publication was presented under oath by Doctor 

J. B. Matthews at a public bearing of the 

Florida Legislation Investigation Committee, 

on Monday, February I 0, 1958 at the State 

Capitol, in Tallahassee, Florida. 

The Florida Legislation Investigation Committee is a legislative investigating committee 

authorized under the Florida law to compel 

the attendance of witnesses and their testimony under oath. 

Georgia Commission on Education 

19 Hunter Street, S. W. 

220 Agriculture Building 

Atlanta 3, Georgia 
Introduction 

In the pages which follow, cenain propostttons wiU 

emerge from the evidence submitted. For the most 

part, original Communist sources have been cited in 

order to let the Communists speak for themselves. It 

should be clear that1} The Communists are at work, with their customary fanatical dedication, in stirring up trouble in the 

field of public school integration in the South; 

2) The Communists have been at work for some 

thirty years in the field of agitation among Negroes; 

3) The Communists have organized and promoted a 

succession of united fronts and fronts designed especially for winning Negroes to Communism; 

4) The tactics of Communist agitation among Negroes are greatly altered from time to time, but the 

basic objective of violent revolution remains unchanged; 

5) Whatever the line of the Communist Party on 

the Negro question may be at a given moment, it is 

based upon the so-called Marxist-Leninist analysis and 

is dictated by Moscow in the special interests of the 

Soviet Union; 

6) There is a vast Communist literature on the 

subject of Communism and the American Negro~ 

7) One of the announced goals of the Communist 

program is the confiscation without compensation of 

the propeny of the white capitalists and landowners in 

the South; 

8) The Communists favor racial amalgamation and 

assert that a Communist revolution would speed up 

the process; 

9) The Communists have established friendly contacts with the Negro leaders of most of the recent integration incidents in the South; 

10) The Communists rely chiefly upon the support 

which they are able to command from misguided Southern liberals; 

11) This is an era in Communist strategy when the 

Pany bas revened to the united front policy which 

prevailed immediately prior to and during World War 

II; 

12) Communist leaders have asserted that "Negro 

liberation" is their Number One issue on the domestic 

front. 
• 

Communists, Negroes, and Integration 

The Communist Party has long been expert at the 

business of fishing in troubled waters- the more 

troubled. the more to its liking. 

The Communist Party is at it again today; and, unfortunately, the "Keep Off" signs have been taken 

down by order of the U. S. Supreme Court, in its decisions of June 17, 1957, affecting the Communist conspiracy. 

If any issue in our society today may be properly 

characterized as troubled waters, it is unquestionably 

the issue raised by the Supreme Court's desegregation 

order of May 17, 1954. And there is no hazard in 

,. · · ;, that these waters will be troubled for a long 

time to come. 

The situation is one which the Communists have 

welcomed eagerly. It offers them an almost unparalleled opportunity to exploit, for their own ulterior and 

revolutionary purposes, the inevitable soda] turbulence 

resuJting from the Supreme Court's order for public 

schoui integration. Violent agitation is the meat on 

.._ ;-.:,:-~-, Cc:r.:nunism feeds. 

The Bait: Negro liberotion 

J. nt· bait on the Communist hook is "Negro liberation." a phrase which bas been reiterated by Communist 

'oc•.:c," "1th such frequency over the years that it has 

1:-c.:-ome a cliche. It matters not that liberation at the 

hr-_nd<, of Communists is demonstrably a cruel euphemism for a slavery worse than that from which Lincc\!n's Emancipation Proclamation freed the Negroes. 

The C9mmunists still approach the Negro people of 

th€' Unite.d States with the promise of liberation dane-

!i•ig fwm their hook. · ~ 

As ]on_?, ago as 1928, the Communist Party of the 

United States published a pamphlet written by John 

Pe-pper, the representative of the Communist International in the United States, in which Pepper said: "The 

C ommunfsts must participate in all national liberation 

_..,.,;.,~·;;;mc.~;t.;- of :he Negroes which have a real mass 

character." (American Negro Problems, p. 14; emphasis in original) 

In ;, C;•mmunist pamphlet entitled "The Road to Ne-

, •ation," published in 1934, Harry Haywood 

.. · · · '- "'' "Party leadership in the Negro liberation 

m0vemen •. " (p. 62) 

Jn 1937, the Communist Party issued a pamphlet 

er.~!tkd "The Road to Liberation for the Negro People." by Abner W. Berry and others. 

T(:n yr.:ars later, in 1947, Negro Communist leader 

BenJamm J. Davis published his pamphlet entitled "The 

P:Hh of Negro Liberation," in which he wrote: 

Consequently the Negro people are moving in 

!hi:' di!'ection of some form of statehood in the Black 

6 

Belt. This would mean an adjustment or rectification 

of tbe Jines demarking 12 states through which ru.ns 

the Black Belt area where the Negro people are in 

a majority. (p. 19, 20) 

In 1948, Negro Communist leader Harry Haywood 

published a book entitled Negro Liberation. 

That "Negro liberation" has priority on the Communist Party's agenda today is confirmed by the foremost Negro Communist leader in the United States. 

Writing in Political Affairs, the theoretical magazine 

of the Communist Party, U.S.A., which lays down the 

Party line, Benjamin J. Davis declares: 

The struggle for Negro rights---particularly in the 

deep South-is the single most crucial and decisive 

issue in the United States today . . . The massive 

significance" of the national liberation struggles of the 

Negro and colonial people, here and abroa-d, envelops 

this work with additional importance. (p. 13) 

Negro Republic in the Block Belt 

The Communist slogan of ''Negro Liberation" is 

simply a watered-down version of the Party's original 

slogan of "A Negro Repubiic in the Black Beit." The 

propaganda which the Communist Party conducted on 

the basis of the latter slogan fell flat in its appeal to 

Negroes and only served to show how far the Kremlin's 

agents are removed from the realities of the American 

scene. 

In October, 1930, the Communist International 

adopted a resolution '"on the Negro Question in the 

United States." It was published in the United States 

by Workers Library Publishers, the publishing adjunct 

of the Communist Party, in a pamphlet entitled The 

Communist Position on ~the Neg;o Q"uestion. 

On the subject of an independent Negro republic in 

the Black Belt, the Comintern took the position that 

"as long as capitalism rules in the United States the 

Communists cannot come out against governmental 

separation of the Negro zone from the United States." 

(p. 51) But, in the event of the establishment of a 

Soviet government in the whole United States, Com~ 

munist Negroes would come out against "separation of 

the Negro Republic from federation with the United 

States," while unconditionally giving "the Negro population of the Black Belt freedom of choice even on this 

question." (p. S0-51) 

The Comintern's resolution held that there was a 

"prospective sharpening of the national conflicts in the 

South, with the advance of the national revolutionary 

Negro movement," and that in such a situation the 

Communist Party must "stand up with all strength and 

courage for the struggle to win independence and for 

the establishment of a Negro republic in the Black 

Belt." (p. Sl-52) 

7 
William Z. Foster points out that the Program of tht 

Communist International declares for: 

The recognition of the right of all nations, irresplctive of race, to complete sell-determination, that 

is, self-determination inclusive of the right to State 

separation. (Toward Soviet America, p. 304) 

Foster then applies this principle of self-determinafior, and State separation (or secession from the United 

States) to the Negro population in the Black Belt, in 

the follvwing statement: 

Accordingiy, the right of self-determination will 

apply to Negroes in the American Soviet system. In 

,h,, <:n-.n<~llf'd Black Belt of the South, where the 

Negroes are in the majority, they will have the fullest 

right to govern themselves and also such white minoritie~ as may live in the section. (ibid, p. 304) 

Confiscation 

The program of the Communist Party calls for the 

confi,c."ioo of the property of the white people in the 

~C'-c:,I C'd Bl<Jck Belt. According to William Z. Foster, 

•. , J\n.e;, 1G hts book entitled Toward Soviet America: 

In c. Soviet system~ the Negro will have the most 

· .. · , ':t;--e~onomically, politically, socially .. He will have ample land, confiscated from 

~·-' r:·t v.hitc landlords ... Socialism will mean 

Li,c i:r!'.t rea} freedom for the Negro. He is beginning 

·~· ;•.:.-.d:ze this, hence his mass turning to the Com-

' ~· j'arty for leadership, and the consequent 

·',. ;' 1~:-rm of the capitalists and big landowners at 

;, ___ ~·v:ing unity of white and black toilers. (p 

J03_1 

· e t', no doubt about the Communist program oi 

~-.•r,:~,G-~\inn. But, after 40 years of Communist agitatiOn, lhere is no evidence of the umass turning" of 

Negroes lo the Communist Party-a fact .which Wilham Z. Foster knows very well now, and which be 

J-:;;ew vc:-y well when he wrote about it. 

Commonist Aim: Raci•l Am•lgam•tion 

ln tht:i• franker moments, Communist leaders in the 

' · .·, have stated bluntly that one of their aims 

-, hou• racial amalgamation. Thus, William 

, ,'r T'lrt><;,ent head of the Communist Party in 

--\J!n'J ll ... .l. Ueclared in his book entitled Toward Soviet 

A nit ric.:J.: 

!"lie American Soviet wiiJ, of 'COUrse, abolish all 

: r .; _._ :i.)ns upon racial intermarriage ... The revo-

: J;:;,__;:J ·NiH oQly hasten this process of integration, 

.aL ,_all)' prvceeding throughout the world with iDcrea,ing tempo. (p. 305-306) 

Kremlm's Guidance 1nd Control 

-.. :• f'.-_:,~t-"'r !.s frank in asserting that Lenin 

,. .. · ... ,. of the Communist Party'• iine on 

8 

,. ' - ........ _ -- - ----

agitation among Negroes. In bls bOOk, Th• N•gro 

P•opk in A.mericn History, published in 1954, Foster 

writes: 

The American Communist Party got its eventual 

scientific understanding of the Negro question in 

the United States from the writings and personal 

counsel of Lenin. This was one of the· many basic 

services to the American labor movement rendered 

by the Communist International, but it was not to be 

realized until 1929. (p. 454) 

It has alre-ady b€-en shown that the representative of 

the Communist International, John Pepper, dictated the 

hoe of the Amencan Communists on the so-called 

Negro question. 

On Penetr•ting Non-Communist Org•nizations 

In addition to building their own Party-controlled 

o~ganizations, the Communist Party has from the begmmng pursued a policy of sending its members into 

non-Communist organizations. Their own word for this 

type of activity is "penetration." The Communist ob-

~ectives in penetrating other groups are varied. In some 

mstances, the goal of penetration is outright control. 

In other instances, the objective is to disseminate and 

gain supl?"rt for the yiews of the Party apparatus outSide the IDlDlediate crrcle of Communists or, in other 

words, to win fellow travelers on specific issues. In 

yet other and rarer cases, the aim of penetration is to 

destro~ the organization which is penetrated. 

At tlmes, the Communist Party directives have frankly. set forth the tactics of penetration, without the 

slightest attempt at secrecy and subtlety. Thus, a report to the Plenum of the C.ommunist Party in 1935 

re~rds some successes in penetration. Excerpts from 

this report were published in the Party Organizer of 

March, 1935, under the title of "How to Penetrate the 

N~gro Organizations." The first excerpt gives an illummatmg example of the tactics of Communist penetration. It reads as follows: 

We have some excellent experiences in New York. 

In Queens we have been able, just on one issue, and 

marbe this is the secret of it, to get together over 60 

vano~s orga~iza~o?s ?f ~e Negro people on the 

question of discrunmatmn m the hospital in Queens. 

We have the Alpha Benevolent Association the 

Am~rican ~eague Against War and Fascism: the 

Amity Baptist Church, Arrawat Democratic Club 

Bay.side City League, N.A.A.C.P., etc., about 70 or: 

garuzations that have come together and conducted 

a struggle. in Queens for the right of Negroes in the 

hoSiptals m the City of New York. (p. 20) 

The tactic of concentrating on "one issue .. in order 

to penetrate non-Communist Negro organizations was fnrfh .... :n ••• ._ _ _.. _ _. !_ .. '- _ • _ • 

uo.a ...,lO.l J.UUIILCalCQ W tDC BeCOnQ eXcerpt Of the report 

!I 
to the Plenum of the Communist Party. In this instance, the "one issue" was a forth~ming conference 

on unemployment in Washington, D. C., a conference 

engineered and controlled by the Communist Party. 

With respect to this example of successful penetration 

of non-Communist Negro organizations, the Plenum 

report said: 

These experiences have shown us that it was possible to get this united front by simply taking up 

one section, one issue, one grievance of the Negro 

people and developing a struggle around it. In this 

case we can see that if we properly approach these 

organizations there is a possibility of getting into 

the Negro organizations for a united front. We have 

;-;. ... ....:. 1u Hurk.<Ii m the preparations for the unemployed conference at Washington, a conference of 29 

organizations, different organizations than we have 

had heretofore, into a conference at Abyssinia Baptist Church, the N.A.A.C.P., church organizations, 

etc. Comrade [Herbert] Benjamin spoke there, and 

we elected delegates to the congress at Washington. 

We had also the followers of Father Divine, the 

:-.;~gw "GuJ.'' (p. 20) 

{Again and again, the Communist Party bas success· 

c ";;;· re"""o:cd tb< Abyssinian Baptist Church, of 

which Representative Adam Clayton Powell was and 

is the pastvr.) 

Still another example of the use of the tactic of 

"one issue" was the united front which the Communist 

P<J.rty organized around the Italian war against Etbi· 

apia. In an article entitled "The United Front on 

Ethiopia," pubiishcd in the Party Organizer of July, 

1935; James W. Ford wrote as follows: 

This time we organized a broad united front on 

the issue of the struggle for the defense of the 

Ethiopian people, which ultimately involved at least 

60 Negro organizations. (p. 16) 

In this campaign of penetration, the Communist Party 

again had the use of Congressman Powell's Abyssinian 

Baptist Church. 

\Vrote James W. Ford in the Party Organizer: 

The first action was on May 7 (1935) in Harlem 

a~ the Abyssinian Church. There were 3,000 Negroes 

'" · ~.n.•H, .. ;<.l..,l w ""nom were not Communists. There 

the Communists spoke from the same platform as 

these other people. (p. 17) 

ln the work of penetrating non-Communist organi· 

zations, the Communists went prepared for any even-

!t:iality. According to Ford, the Communist Party on 

one occasion sent a number of the followers of Marcus 

Garvey, whose organization the Party bad penetrated, 

to a meetin& of the Party's Italian Worken' Ceo~r 

"~·:here our comrades discussed the Abyssinian ques~ 

10 

tioo." Ford added that these Negro Garveyites ''wore 

so afraioi of their receptioo (at the Italian Communist 

center) that tllty weat there armed with Jmives." (p 

17) The precautionary arming was, of COUI'Ie, wholly 

unnecessary; they were received most hospitably. From 

this particlllar affair, Ford drew the following concJusion: 

It is along these Jines that we must work among 

the Negroes, patiently overcoming their suspicions 

and hesitations. 

This experience in Harlem opens up a perspective 

of wider actions not only in Harlem, but throughout 

the country. Committees on Ethiopia should be set 

up on a nation-wide scale. (p. 17) 

If ever two movements possessed antithetical ideologies, they were the Communist Party and Father Divine's group. Notwithstandinn this sharp clash of basic 

views, the Communist Partj successfully penetrated 

the ranks of Father Divine's movement. On this subject, James W. Ford made the following comment: 

Another question that is bothering a number of 

comrades in New York is the Father Divine movement in coDJilection with the u.ited front . . . the 

comrades in Harlem have taken very seriously the 

9ues~on which was raised at the last plenum-of gom_g mto the church organizations, making friends 

w1tb these people. Through our united front with 

Fat?er Divine we have been able to effect the penetration o! a mass organizatiOiil of the Negro people. 

A very 1D1portant fact to remember in connection 

with the Father Divine movement is the fact that the 

followers of. Father DiviDe are workers, toiling 

people: that IS why we are attempting to penetrate 

into this movement. 

The united front with the Father Divine movement 

has been made on the basis of certain concrete is- sues. (p. 17, 18) 

For more than 20 years, the Communist Party has 

pursued this tactic of penetration of non-Communist 

or~anizations ~d groups. With the current dwindling 

of tts membenb1p, the Party is pursuing the tactic more 

asSiduously than ever. Recently, it bas applied the 

tac~1c o~ a broad scale among scientists on the issue of ~adwachve fall-out. It hopes to reap vast gains on the 

ISSue of ~tegration in the public schools of the South. 

Commumsts measure their gains in terms of social 

turbulence. Wherever they are permitted, they wil 

penetrate. non-Communist groups which favor federal 

mtervenuo~~; by force in the field of integration, bopin& 

~e~eby to mcrease turmoil and incite to violence. The 

mdlSpensable pre-conditions of Communist revolutionary sentiment are chaos and violence. 

11 
The Communist Party cared little or nothing about 

racial discrimination in the Queens hospital, about the 

fate of the Scottsboro boys or Julius and Ethel Roaenberg, about the ItaHan war against Ethiopia, or about 

the unemployed; it cares much about fishing in trou. 

bled waters. Only so can it serve its Kremlin master. 

Negro College Presidents 

The Communist·front apparatus has gained support, 

in one degree or another, among 60 percent of Negro 

college and and university presidents. The following 

heads of Negro institutions ot higher learning were 

affiliated with the National Negro Congress: 

Rufus B. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frankfort, Ky. 

John M. Ellison, Virginia Union University, Richmond: Va. 

David D. Jones, Bennett College, Greensboro, N. C. 

R. O'Hara Lanier, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas. 

Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute, Tuske· 

gee, Ala. 

Jacob L Reddix. Jackson State College, Jackson, Miss. 

The following were affiliated with the now defunct 

Southern Conference for Human WeJfare: 

Rufu' B. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frankfort, Ky. 

\Ahlliam H. Bell, Akorn A. & r-.1. College, Alcorn, Miss. 

Horace Mann Bond, I.incoln University, Pa. 

:{ -·fw:. E. Clement, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. 

Albert W. Dent, Dillard University, New Orleans, La. 

Edgar H. Goold, St. Augustine's College, Raleigh, 

N.C. 

Arthur Howe, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Charle-s S. Johnson, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. 

Mordecai Johnson, Howard University, Washington, 

D.C. 

David D. Jones, Bennett College, Greensboro, N. C. 

I. R. E. Lt>e, Florida A. & M. University, Taliahassee, Fla. 

Benjamin E. Mays, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga. 

Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. 

E. C. Peters, Paine College, Augusta, Ga. 

James. E. Shepard, North Carolina College, Durham. 

N.C. 

H. C. Trenholm, Alabama State College for Negroes. 

Montgomery, Ala. 

John Brown Watson, Arkansas State A. & M. and 

Normal College, Pine Bluff, Ark. 

M. F. Whittaker, South Carolina State College, Orangeburg, S. C. 

The following have been affiliated with the currently 

functioning Southern Conference Educational Fund: 

Rufus B. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frank· 

fort, Ky. 

12 

William Augustus Bell, Miles College, Birmingham, 

Ala. 

Miller W. Boyd, Morristown College, Morristown. 

Tenn. 

James P. Brawley, Clark College, Atlanta, Ga. 

Rufus E. Clement, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. 

Tandy W. Coggs, Arkansas Baptist College, Little 

Rock, Ark. 

James A. Colston, Knoxville College, Knoxville, Tenn. 

John W. Davis, West Virginia State College, Institute, n1 ,, ... "· .-ca. 

Albert W. Dent, Dillard University, New Orleans, La. 

John M. Ellison, Virginia Union University, Rich· 

mood, Va. 

M. LaFayette Harris, Philander Smith College, Little 

Rock, Ark. 

Charles S. Johnson, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. 

Mordecai W. Johnson, Howard University, Washington, D. C. 

Benjamin :G. Mays, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga. 

Richard I. McKinney, Storer College, Harpers Ferry. 

W.Va. 

Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. 

E. C. Peters, Paine College, Augusta, Ga. 

Hollis F. Price, LeMoyne College, Memphis, Teun. 

0. R. Reuben, Morris Co!!ege School of Religion) 

Sumter, S. C. 

Joseph J. Rhoads, Bishop College, Marshall, Texas. 

William R. Strassner, Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. 

There is no implication in the foregoing listings that 

any of these beads of Negro institutions are Communists. They represent, however, a high degree of Communist penetration into the ranks of the administrators of Negro education. 

Forty-five different beads of Negro institutions of 

higher learning have had a total of 291 separate affiliations with the Communist-front apparatus. It is 

apparent that the Communists bave established a sizeable beachhead in Negro education. 

Many of these affiliations mean that Communists or 

pro-Communists have made personal contact with the 

lop administratocs of Negn; education. That is one of 

the aims of the Communist-front technique. And, of 

course, the Communists acquire a certain amount of 

prestige for their projects. 

If the so-<:alled Ne&ro masses were as susceptible to 

Communist .. front propaganda as the !!H:alled Negro 

intellectuals, the situation would be alarming. In his 

condensation of Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma, Arnold Rose makes the foJJowing observation: 

Still the Communists have not succeeded in getting any ~pprtdable following among Negroes in 

America, especially among the masses. During the 

depression and again since the war, a number of 

13 
leaders and intellectuals have become Comm · ts "f 11 ums or e ow travelers." ... To begin with, poor, uneducated, and St>cially disadvantages groups have 

never been particularly ousceptihle to radical prop . 

ganda. It is usually the intellectuals and higb a 

strata of the working class that have been reach:~ fmt. (The Negro in America, p. 166) 

National Council of Churches Penetr•ted 

Reme~bering J.ames W. Ford's statement about the 

Comn_1Un~st Party s policy "of going into the church 

orFamzatt?ns," some statistical data with respect to 

thts question are en1ightening. 

. l!'e Communist Party has been strikingly successful 

'? Its efforts at infiltrating the Federal and the National Counctl of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. 

dunng the past 20-odd years. J,.... ,,;.,.,., ~& .. J..._ ~--.• •L-.. •'-- L"l •' • • 

.... .,"""_" V! UJt: JC:SI,.;L UHH IOC: pnii0S0pDJC81 ba&e$ of 

Co_mmum_sm and Christianity are as antithetical as two 

ph!!c:~oph_les could possibly be, the success of the Commumsts. tn penetrating the ranks ef the Protestant 

clergy Js hard for some to understand. Nevertheless 

the. cold statistical facts are a matter of public record: 

It Js not ne.cessary to rely upon anybody's opinions. 

Th~ Nat1onal Council of Churches was officially 

constituted on November 29, 1950, in Cleveland, Ohio. 

It was, m fact, nothing more than a reorganization of 

the Fedf"ral Council of Churches. 

In the formal constituting of the National Council 

of Churches in Cleveland, one representative from each 

uf lhe pat"ticipating communions signed the official 

book which became the Document of Record. Eleven 

of these 29 si.g.ne~s of .the official book have public 

reco.rds of affihahon With pro-Communist enterprises. 

The1r names and respective denominations are as follows: 

Bishop S. L. Greene-African Methodist Episcopal 

B1s!wp W. l. Walls-African Methodist Episcopal Zion 

Dr. E. H. Pruden-American Rapist Convention 

D.r. Desmond W. Bittinger-Church of the Brethren 

Btshop Bertram W. Doyle-Colored Methodist Episcopal 

Dr. Vere V. Loper--Congregational Christian 

Rev. Josef A. Barton-Czech Moravian 

Bishop J. Ralph Magee-Methodist 

Dr. Y·/. H. Jernagin-Nationtl/ Baptist Convention 

USA, Inc. 

Rt. Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill-Protestant Episcopal 

Dr. Henry A. Vruwink-Reformed Church in America 

. It will be _noted that 4 of the II signers of the 

uocun~em or Record-Greene, Walls, Doyle, and 

J;.magm-_we.re rep~esentatives of all-Negro denomina· 

llons. Thts IS a diSproportionately large number of 

Nogro clergymen. Whatever the reasons may be, it is 

a fact that Negro professional groups have been more 

14 

susceptible to Communist penetration than their white 

<ounter-parta. There were 358 clergymen who were voting delegates to the constituting convention of the National 

Council of Churches in Cleveland. Of these clergymen, 

123 (or 34 percent) have had affiliations with Communist projects and enterprises. That represents a high 

decree of penetration. These 123 voting delegates wete divided as follows: 

84 white and 39 Negroes. The total number of their 

public pro-Communist affiliations is 659, of which 359 

are affiliations of the white clergymen and 300 are 

affiliations of the Negro clergymen. f.gain, these 

figures indicate a disproportionately large number of 

Negro clergymen with Communist affiliations, and a 

higher degree of susceptibility to the appeals of Communist causes. The average number of affiliations for 

the Ne2ro dele~ates is 7.7, while that of the whites 

is 4.2. ~ -

The greater Communist penetration of the higher 

ranks of Negro church dignitaries is evidenced by the 

fact that '57 percent of the total number of currently 

active Negro bishops of four Protestant denominations 

have records of affiliation with Communist-front organibations and enterprises. The following Negro 

bishops fall into this category: 

African Methodist Episcopal ChurchGeorge W. Barber, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Frank Madison Reid, Kittrell, N. C. 

Joseph Gomez, Cleveland, 0. 

Frederick D. Jordan, Hollywood, Calif. 

R. R. Wright, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Carey A. Gibbs, Birmingham, Ala. 

D. Ward Nichols, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Shertnan L. Greene, Atlanta, Ga. 

African Methodist Episcopal Zion ChurchWilliam Jacob Walls, Chicago, ill. 

Raymond Luther Jones, Salisbury, N. C. 

Hampton Thomas Medford~ Washington, D. C. 

Herbert Bell Shaw, Wilmington, N. C. 

Stephen Gill Spottswood, Washington, D. C. 

Charles Ewbank Tucker, Louisville, Ky. 

Charles Cecil Coleman, Oklahoma City, Okla. 

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church1. A. Hamlett, Kansas City, Kan. 

W. Y. Bell, South Boston, Va. 

F. L. Lewis, Shreveport, La. 

Bertram W. Doyle, Nashville, Tenn. 

A. W. Womack, Indianapolis, Ind. 

B. Julian Smith, Chicago, lll. 

Methodist ChurchJ. W. E. Bowen, Atlanta, Ga. 

Matthew W. Clair, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. 

Edgar A. Lowe, Baltimore, Md. 

IS 
Eight of the above-named, currently active, Negro 

bishops are officially connected with the Soutbem Conference Educational Fund. They aree Bishop S. L. 

Greene, Bishop F. L. Lewis, Bishop Edgar A. Love, 

Bishop Herbert Bell Shaw, Bishop Stephen Gill Spoliawood, Btshop Charles Ewbank Tucker, Bishop Charles 

Cecil Coleman, and Bishop Frank Madison Reid. 

The aim of the Communist penetration of non-Communist organizations is not necessarily to recruit members of the Party, but rather to create a favorable 

ciimaie of opinion for ceriain iimited objectives of the 

Communist program. In this way, the stain of Communism is removed from the~e objectives, and thus 

they appear to be the objectives of men of goodwill. 

Highlander Folk School Seminar 

Over the Labor Day weekend (August 30-Septem· 

her 2, 1957), Highlander Folk School, at Monteagle, 

1 ~uue~:..c;;t, ~tagc;;d its 25th anniversary seminar on 10the 

human aspects of the integration struggle." Notorious 

Communists, veteran Communist fellow travelers, and 

!'fegro l~aders in all the recent major incidents attending 

mtegrat10n were present at the seminar (The incident 

of Little Rock had not yet occurred.) 

Before taking up the records of the prominent integrationists who were present, it is necessary to take a 

l"';'k at _the HJghlander Folk School and its ideological 

onentat1on. 

Tl·e H:gh1ctnd<::J Folk Schoo] at Monteagle, Tennessee, was organized around 1932 by Myles Horton and 

D .. m \Vest. (See testimony of Paul Crouch, May 6, 

1949, Subcommittee of the Committee on Do-American 

A~tivities, page 193.) In his testimony, Mr. Crouch 

sa:d: "f would like to mention in this connection that 

the: High]ander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee, 

~c.s a school organized by Myles Horton and Don West, 

aLd which· Mr. (lames) Dombrowski shortly thereafter 

joined.'' 

Paul Crouch, who gave the foregoing testimony conccrnmg the Highlander Folk School, was the top Com· 

munist Party functionary in the South. His Coii\IDunist 

record given to a Senate committee by Crouch himself 

attests his importance: 

The major positions I held in the Communist 

Party were the head of the Communist Party's department for infiltration of the Armed Forces of the 

United States, a representative of the Communist 

Party oi the United States to the executive committee 

, .· "·· : •. , .. ,.u~...u:.:.L Iuternational in Moscow, a member of a commission in Moscow to draft plaas to 

infiltrate and subvert all the armed forces of the 

worJd, and operate as honorary regimental commander of the Red Army, a special student at the Frunze 

Military Academy in Moscow; I wu a member of the 

editorial staff of the Daily Worker, official orpn of 

16 

the Communist Party, a member of the various commissions of the central and national committee of 

the party, State or district organizer for Florida, for 

Utah, for North and South Carolina, and Tenn..-, 

editor of the Communist magazine, The New South, 

the official organ for the Southern States, member of 

the district bureau of the Communist Party for Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia. and chairman of 

the control commission of the Communist Party for 

that area, a member of the district bureau of the 

Communist Party for Caiifomia, for Nevada, and 

Hawaii, national secretary of the Anti Imperialist 

League, and many other minor positions. 

Speaking of James Dombrowski, Mr. Crouch testified 

as follows: "'I have met officially with him on a number 

of occasions as head of the Communist District Bureau 

of Tennessee ... at this conference Mr. Dombrowski 

gave me the im_Pression of being co?'pletely pro-Co~­

munist and anx1op.s to collaborate w1th the Communist 

Party and follow its leadership, without taking the risk 

of actual Party membership." 

In March 1954, the Senate Subcommittee on Internal 

Security held hearings in New Orleans on the subject 

of the Southern Conference Educational Fund, Inc., of 

which James Dombrowski was and is the executive 

director. Among the witnesses who testified before 

the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security in New 

Orleans was one John Butler who bad formerly been a 

functionary of the Communist Party in Alabama. 

In the course of his testimony, Mr. Butler stated that 

be attended a meeting of Communist Party leaders in 

July of 1942, in the Thomas Jefferson Hotel in Birmingham, Alabama. Mr. Butler stated that Alton Lawrence 

introduced James Dombrowski to him on that occasion 

as a Communist Party member. (See Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, March 18, 1954, 

page 45.) According to Mr. Butler, this meeting of 

Communist Party leaders was held in Dombrowski's 

own hotel room. In November, 1956, Alton Lawrence 

was indicted on a charge of conspiring to file a false 

non-Communist affidavit with the National Labor Relations Board, which non-Communist affidavit is required of trade union officials by the Taft-Hartley Act. 

(See New York Times, November 17, 1956.) Alton 

Lawrence is currently an official of the Communistcontrolled International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers. 

In the early period of the Highlander Folk 

School, Alton Lawrence was a member of its faculty. 

On August 13, 1938, Mr. John P. Frey, president of 

the Metal Trades Department of the AFL, testified 

before the Dies Committee on Un-American Activities, 

and named Eliubeth Hawes, Alton Lawrence, and 

Myles Horton 11 peno!IS who "atteDded a oec:ret convention in North CaroliDa, at which time p!ODI were 

17 
""" • • 

made for spreading the revolutionary theorieo throughout the South." Mr. Frey further testified: "In connection with this I might mention that the Highlander Folk 

School at Monteagle, Tennessee, was mixed up in this 

secret convention, in which these three C.i.O. organ. 

izers took a very prominent part." (See Dies Committee Hearings, Volume 1, page 126.) 

Paul Crouch testified before the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security, as follows: 'The Highlander 

Folk School is a school operated at Monteagle, Tennessee, ostensibly as an independent labor school, but 

actually working in close cooperation with the Communist Party." (See Hearings, page 47.) DombroWski 

''" instructor at the Highlander Folk School for a 

number of years. 

The following colloquy took place between Senator 

Eastland, Committee Counsel Arens, and Mr. Crouch 

during the latter's testimony: 

SENATOR EASTLAND. Mr. Crouch, did you ever visit Dr. Dombrowski's home? 

MR. CROUCH. I visited the Highlander Folk 

School where he was working. I didn't visit at his 

home, but we spent a night at the same home to-

:.:_,·.J:::.r, Caroline Stevenson•s and he and Leo Sbeiner 

discussed in my presence the actual hideout of Comt:•lJ:'li-st leaders the night we were traveling to Winter 

Haven. 

MR. ARENS. He and Sbeiner discus.ed in your 

prc>once the hideouts for Communist leaders, top 

~if_ht leaders; is that correct? 

MR, CROUCH. That is correct, sir. (See hearing., 

p. 52.) 

Don West, who has already been mentioned as con-

''""'"" with the Highlander Folk School, was district 

director of the Communist Party of North Caro!ma. 

(See House Committee Hearings, May 6, 1949, page 

19L) 

At the New Orleans bearings of the Senate Commitlee, on March 20, 1954, Myles Horton was ejected 

bv the United States Marshal from the witness stand 

ai!d the hez.ring room, for disorderly conduct. 

JJ.me_-. Dombrowski's record of pro-Communist ac· 

.. :.t:;, and connections will be discussed under the sec-

.,. ; ;)()Uthern Conference Educational Fund. an 

organization whicb is playing a key role in the drive 

for Jntegration in the South. 

Abner W. Berry 

1.he p:-csence of a prominent Communist Party Negro 

leader at the Highlander Folk School seminar is of 

major significance. Through Abner W. Berry, the Communist Party established personal contacts with the 

s,,,,,,, !e .. Jers of the fight for integration. The Party, 

;" ;,., ~'·'"·"c:-day strategy, aeta the highest value 011 

18 

'·-·;'""'"'"::til:: p; 

wch penonal cotitacta. It ia the · c:urrent atrategy of 

penetration. · 1 d 

Abner W. Berry is a veteran CommuDJBt Party ea er. 

M than 25 years ago, be was a member of the na- ore Le f S 1 f Net>ro ..;,..,.,., r.nnn~i1 of the __ aPUe Q __ trngg_e _or - --c;:o--

R':' .. bts -;c;mmunist sput:;ik which will be discussed 

a:~r 'For 20 years, Berry bas been a member of the 

nati~nal committee of the Communist Party. ~e bas 

also been a member of the smaller central commtttee of 

the Party (Daily Worker, May 23, 1938, p. S). !'> 

1946, be was educational director of the Commumst 

Party of Michigan (Daily Worker, Jan. 21, 1?46, P- S). 

He was an instructor at the Commumst Party s Jefferson 

School of Spcial Science for several years before the 

school closed in December, 195 6. _ _ 

Abner W. Berry is, and has been. for years, a feature 

writer for the Daily Worker. In this newspaper of lh:e 

Communist Party, Berry made a lengthy re~rt on his 

visit to the Highlander Folk School. In his report, 

Berry said: 

Here for four days Negro and white leaders of the 

South representing millions of southerners, had the 

precious communications established With each other 

that bad been disconnected during the past few years. 

(Daily Worker, Sept. 10, 1957, p. 5) 

Berry bas been a writer for other ?>mmunist publications: Masses & Mamstream, M1chzgan Herald, New 

Masses People's Daily World, and Political Affairs. He 

served for a number of years on the editorial board ~f Political Affairs, the theoretical organ of the Commurust 

Party. . . · It is apparent that Abner W. Berry lS a high rank!"g 

leader of the Communist Party. It goes Wlthout saymg 

that the Party sent him to t~e Hig~and~r Folk School 

seminar. Such leaders rece1ve thetr ass1gnments from 

ihe highest command of the Communist P~y; they .do 

not go anywhere on their own. The ~rdtal reception 

which Berry was accorded at the Htgblander Folk 

School is convincing evidence of the school's ideological 

orientation. 

Berry states that "two southern NAACP branch 

presidents" attended the Highlander Folk School seOllnar on integration." 

Pete Seeger 

Another individual who bas a long record of Communist affiliations and activity was also a prominent 

participant in the Labor Day weekend conference at 

the Highlander Folk School, namely, Pete Seeger. 

Pete Seeger is a nationally known folk singer w~o 

bas been prominently identified with the Commurust 

movement in this country for many years. He has been 

named aa a member of the Communist Party in swern 

latimony. 
On August 18, 1955, Pete Seeger was a witness before 

the house Committee on Un-American Activities. TUDt 

and time again, Seeger defiantly refused to answer qua.. 

tions concerning his past or present membenhip in the 

Communist Party. He also declined to answer any 

questions concerning his affiliations with numerOUJ 

Communist-front organizations. He did not invoke the 

Fifth Amendment; he simply and contemptuously refused to answer pertinent questions. He was accompanied by Paul L. Ross as counsel. Ross has also been 

prominent in Communist activity for many years. (Set 

pages 2448-2460 of the Hearings, 1955.) 

Among his many Communist connections, Pete Seeger 

?as been _pu~licly affiliated wi~ the following CommunISt orgamzations and enterpnses which are on the At· 

t0:-ney General's list: American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born; American Committee for 

Yugoslav Relief; American Youth Congress; American 

. . . . . ·c. Democracy; Civil Rights Congress; Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy; Committee 

tor the Negro in the Arts; Communist Party; Council on 

African Affairs; Jefferson School of Social Science; 

National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions; 

Nature Friends of America; New Masses,· Voice of 

F recdom Committee; and Win-the-Peace Conference. 

~t..'e.?cr entertained with his guitar and folk songs 11 

. J·~ ;~. .J:~;,u.dt:r Folk School seminar. 

!,.h., ~ T!-oompson 

The Rev. John B. Thompson was billed as seminar 

:-•· et the Highlander Folk School Labor Day 

v.c'-'"end affair. Thompson is dean of the Rockefeller 

\f.:r:1C'r;::il Chapel at the University of Chicago. 

; t .-. (;:ergymen have better claims to qualification as 

.n Communist fellow travelers than John B. 

! r .·.·-,·~':. .. --.·:~. He has served the Communist apparatus 

ion; "1;d faithfully in many capacities. 

; 't. ·npson was national chairman of the American 

p, :ce ~lcbilization (Daily Worker, Sept. 3, 1940, p. 4) 

ar.d uauonal chairman of the Committee to Defend 

Aruericd by Keeping Out of War (letterhead, Aug. 10, 

! 94tJ). These were organizations set up by the Com· 

muni~!s during the period of the Stalin-Hitler Pact. On 

·' :. , :'"c:1t H1tler invaded the Soviet Union, the 

A-:Jc:-Jc.dn Peact': Mobilization dropped its anti·war 

·,to~:J....! ;.J;-.J changed its name to the American People's 

· · · ·' " with John B. Thompson still at its head. 

.-,.- ~\:~y before a committee set up by the Jllino1~ 

,;cht1Jre in 1949, John B. Thompson tried to 

..,ol '- Uldt the American Peace Mobilization was merely 1 

reiiection of the general anti-war sentiment prevailing 

'·; '"·' L:nited States in 1939, 1940, and 1941. Such a 

,:: • i. :· e1ther dishonest or incredibly stupid. The bona 

~-'t: a.:I~:-war sentiment of the American people pre-

·~:,J r>oJ>t up until the day of Pearl Harbor. Tbe 

20 

~ ·- ' ~.\t.. ;' '""',-, .,J!J. ~ 

pbony anti-war stand of the APM and the CommuniJts 

vailed right up until June 22, 1941, when Hille~ at-

~~ed the Soviet Union. The bona fide Amencan 

ce advocates were ready to go to war only when the 

loited States was attacked; the phony APM and Communist Peace advocates were ready and eager to go 

10 war when their beloved Soviet Union was attacked. 

lbe former were America Firsters; the latter were Russia Firsters. . Ten weeks before Hitler's invasion of the Sovtet 

Union the APM, under Thompson's chairmanship, declared; "'Ibis is not a war to wipe out the evils of 

Hitlerism and tyranny . • • It is a war to line the 

pockets of corporate interests at the expense of the 

peoples of the World." 

In one of its official statements in March, 1941, the 

APM said: "An English victory will result in the same 

10rt of imperialist, anti-democratic peace as will a 

Nazi victory." 

From 1940 to 1942, John B. Thompson was head of 

the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, a Communist organization which will be discussed later. 

Among the many other Communist organizations with 

which Thompson has been affiliated, the following are 

on the Attorney General's list: American Committee 

for Protection of Foreign Born; International Labor 

Defense; Emergency Peace Mobilization; National 

Council of American-Soviet Friendship; National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions; and People's 

Institute of Applied Religion. 

Aubrey Willi•ms 

Aubrey Williams and the Rev. Martin Luther King 

were the two featured speakers at the closing session 

of the Highlander Folk School seminar. 

As president of the highly inlluential Southern Conference Educational Fund, Aubrey Williams ranks 

among top leaders of all-out integration. 

Williams was director of the National Youth Administration under President Roosevelt. He also held other 

high positions in the New Deal. In 1945, however, the 

U. S. Senate rejected his appointment as administrator 

of the Rural Electrification Administration, after his 

affiliations with the Communist apparatus had been 

placed in the record. He is at present editor and publisher of the Southern Farm and Home, Montgomery. 

Alabama, which has a circulation of 800,000. 

On March 19, 1954, Williams was subpoenaed to 

testify before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. In the course of his examination by committee 

counsel Richard Arens, Williams testified that the following passage was a part of a speech which he had 

delivered in Madison Square Garden, New York City, 

on Septanber II, 1947, under the auspices of the Communiat-coatrolle4 Pro..-;ve Citizeoa of America: 

21 

~~·;:.~ - -. . ' ~ ':~' 

. - . 

• ... t,.:a. \,., - ' t"' 

I' ~~~ ,':'+<" ,.,, ~ " ·~- ~ """~-._._ • -- ~·-~.,...-~,~ .. ~ ... '~·"'"' <">·~~~ 

• .. ·, •'(i'·-~ ~· ·- ' - " ·.._ ... ;0:> ~.-. • •• - , • -- .-· ~d~'-" -
.What they demand is that any man who admila 111 bemg a member of the C<>mmunist Party be fired · 

mediately on the grounds that no man can be lo';:i 

to the Unit~d. States .and be a C<lmmunist. It is m 

behef that tt IS preciSely at this point that we ..J our. sta_nd ~nd d~f~nd the right of any Communist to 

mamtam hts posJtion as an employee of the Govel'Dment of the United States. To take any less pnsitioo 

than this 1s to throw overboard such primary rights 

as. the freedom to think and to hold whatever belief 

one chooses. (Hearings, p. 107; emphasis added) 1 

Anyone holding Aubrey Williams' views on the em· 

ployment of admitted Communist Party members in the 

U. S. Government could be expected to welcome thP •itt 

~f Communist Party memberS in the drive {;.-utl~g;.: 

t10n. 

".ooocdi"[ to Abner W. Berry's account of the Highlander Folk School semmar m the Daily Worker (Sept. 

10, 1957, p. 5) Aubrey Williams spoke "prophetically" 

when he declared that the present situation in the South 

"is only a short step to general violence" and that the 

"stuff out of which rebellions are made is definitely 

being planted." 

ln the later years of its existence, Aubrey Willianu 

was ;re~it~em of the Southern Conference for Human 

Welfare. 

The name of Aubrey Williams was attached to a 

briei amicr curiae on behalf of the Communist Party, 

at the October 1955 Term of the U. S. Supreme Coun. 

O~her red-bot integrationists whose names appear oo 

th1s_ defense of the Communist Party include the fol· 

!owmg: John M. Coe, James A. Dombrowski, W. E. B. 

DuBois, James W. Ford, W. A. Hunton, and William 

L Patterson. 

.Aubrey Williams is, and has been for many years, a 

member of the executive committee of the Highiander 

Folk School. 

It would be superlluous to add further details of the 

many Communist affiliations of Aubrey Williams. 

Martin Luther King 

The Rev. Manin Luther King, president of the 

Montgomery (Ala.) Improvement Association and pu--

tor of the Dexter A venue Baptist Church, delivered the 

closmg address at the Highlander Folk School seminar. 

King is the nationally acclaimed Negro leader of the 

JtJ:~gJatiun forces in the South. He is Scheduled as one 

·' ·'""'- r .. ····::: ·'J· ~ ... 1-crs at the forthcoming assembly of 

the National Council of Churches of Christ in the 

U. S. A., in December. 

It is of great significance that King is in cJose touch 

wilb such C'...ommunists and pro-Communists as were 

assembled at the Highlander Folk School seminar. Tbe 

Communists would like nothing better than to take him 

under their wing. 

22 

(.ddiog CommunisfB have been writing enthusiasucally about King's movoment. It! the April, !957, issue 

ot p./itical Affairs, Benjamin I. Davis writes of "the 

01uooal upsurge of the Negroes in the South, spearbeaded by the non· violent integrati.on movement." ( p. 

JJ) Jn his new book entitled Toward Negro Freedom, 

lht editor of Political Affairs, Herbert Aptbeker, writes 

of King's bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, as follo\\"s: 

And in Montgomery, Alabama, there is the epic 

,troggle of the entire 50,000 members of its Negro 

community ... Here, with women in the lead, is the 

unparalleled and unbreakable splendor of an entire 

neoole soeakin2 out to the world in tones of purity 

~~d' self~sacrifiCe and saying: "We will live in. free. 

dom, in our own day and here in our own city." 

(p. 180) 

Such rhetoric is calculated to ingratiate the C<>mmunists with the Rev. Martin Luther King and his large 

following. The art of flattery is the current taetic of 

Communist penetration. The taetical crudities of the 

Party's early years have given way to subtle refinements 

in penetrating Negro organi.z.ations and movements. The 

Communist Party, however, does not repudiate its 

former methods which breathed revolutionary fire and 

brimstone. Writing in Political .Affairs, James E. Jack· 

.en (one of the top Negro leaders of the Communist 

Pany) says: 

It has for three decades been the honorable (sic) 

task. of Communists to set a high standard of devo--

tion to and energetic leadership in the tight for Negro 

rights. Recognizing the special national character of 

this question, we have raised our voices among the 

workers when others stood mute. (Resolution pre· 

sented to the 16th National Convention of the 

CPUSA by James E. Jackson, chairman of the Subcommittee on Negro Rights; Political .Affairs, March, 

1957, p. 34). 

Jackson thus fondly embraces the C<lmmunist Party's 

record in the African Blood Brotherhood, the American 

Negro Labor C<>ngress, the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, the National Negro C<>ngress, and other 

misadventures in its efforts to kindle revolutionary ardor 

among American Negroes. 

Now, ihe Party looks upon Martin Luiher King's 

work. and movement as a new opportunity to incite 

ra~ial animosity, and upon King's attendance at the 

H1ghlander Folk School seminar as a most desirable 

contact 

In its present adulation of Martin Luther King and 

his kind of uliberation n movement, the Communist 

Party still bows reverently at the altar of MarxistLeninist Theory. James E. Jackson, quoted above on 

23 
• 

the subject of the Party's past, turns to the Communioa 

Party's present and writes: 

As the advance guard of the American wortiDJ: 

class,. the. Communist Party must continue to make ib 

contnbut10ns ~~ the fight for Negro rights, under tht 

changed cond1t10.ns of ~oday, as effectively, as bon· 

orably, as n d1d ~~ prev1ous periGds of struggle. The 

fight for Negro r~ghts needs the contribution •hich 

~ommu~i~ts, guided by Marxist~Leninist theory, an m a posltlon to make. (p. 34) 

On February 21, 1956, after the bus boycott iD 

Montgomery had run for II weeks, the Negro leadm 

of the boycott were arrested and charged with violation 

of Alabama's anti-bovcott statute. The Rev. M•nin 

Luther King was amoDg those arrested. -0~--Ma;~b-ii 

he was found guilty and fined $500. The case is oo 

ioppcaJ. 

It is interesting to note that the proponents of public 

school integration in the South make a great to-do about 

the U.S. Supreme Court's decision of May 17, 1954. 

by claiming with unparalleled vehemence that the decision is .. the Jaw of the land." On the other band, they 

ignore with complete unanimity the U. S. Supreme 

Court's decision of 1908 declaring the organized boyCott of the Danbury Hatters to be in violation uf tht 

Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the principle of which dec;~;ion is re-flected in Alabama's anti·boycott statute. 

Mrs. Rosa Porks 

It goes almost without saying that Mrs. Rosa Parks 

was in attendance at the Highlander Folk Schoo) seminar. 

It was Mrs. Parks who started the Montgomery bus 

hoycott. On December I, 1955, when she refused to 

sit in a scat in the rear of a bus, she was arrested and 

fined $14. Shoniy prior to her dramatic defiance of 

the segregation ordinance, Mrs. Parks had taken a 

course at Highlander Folk School. 

Mrs. Parks promptly became a heroine to the Communists. The Emergency Civil Liberties Commitlee, 1 

Communist front, arranged meetings for her in New 

York City, including one at the home of Mr. and Mn. 

Cor!iss Lamont. 

Charles G. Gomillion 

Charles G. Gomillion, dean of Tuskegee lnstitule in 

Alabama, was one of the prominent participants in the 

~ ' ,~ ~ D:. y conference at the Highlander Folk School. 

As president of the Tuskegee Civic Association, Gomillion received a considerable amount of publicity in 

the nation's press in the summer of 1957, in connection 

with his leadership of a Negro boycottt against the 

white merchants of the town of Tuskegee. This was one 

of the recent militant activities of Southern Negroes. Oil 

August 15, 1957, an injunction was issued against the 

I 

l 

boycott on the ground that it was a violation of Alabama's anti-boycott statute. (New York Times, Aug. 

17, 1957) 

Gomillion's organized boycott began on June 26, 

aft;r- ~ mass meeting of the Tuskegee Civic Association 

in protest against the Ala~a~a legisla~u:e's p~oposed revision of Tuskegee's city hm1ts. Gomilhon d1d not even 

alJege that the white merchants were in any way responsible for the initiation of the revisi?n. . 

Dean Gomillion's pro-Commumst connectiOns have 

been significant. In testimony before the House Committee on Un-American Activities on July 21, 1947, he 

was identified as a current member and secretary of the 

•dvisory board of the Southern Negro Youth Congress, 

iii outright Communist organi7.ation (see below). 

Jn a press release dated April 21, 1947, Gomillion 

.. us listed as a signer of a manifesto of Negro leaders 

against the outlawing of the Communist Party. The 

manifesto was released from 23 West 26th Street, New 

York Cit)', which is now the national headquarters of 

the Cominunist Party, and which, in 194 7, was headquarters of a dozen Communist organizations including 

the American Committee for Protection of Foreign 

Born. Co-signers of the manifesto included such Co~­

munist stalwarts as Paul Robeson, W. E. B. DuBoiS, 

Benjamin j. Davis, and Doxey A. Wiikerson. The si~u· 

ers called upon the President and Congress "to repudiate decisively the fascist-like proposal . , . to illegalize 

the Communist Party," and declared: "We will resist 

with all our power every step taken in that direction." 

ihe Worker, Communist Party Sunday newspaper, of 

August 29, 1948, carried a full-page advertisement of an 

enterprise called The First Line of Defense. It was 

another manifesto in defense of the Communist Party, 

opening with the following words addressed to the President and the Attorney General: "We, the undersign~d 

Negro Americans, strongly condemn your hystenabreeding arrests of the Negro leaders of the Communist 

Party, and call upon you to take positive action to protect civil rights instead of persecuting political minorities." This manifesto, too, was signed by Charles G. 

Gomillion. Co-signers included the following notorious 

Communist Party leaders of the Negro race: Louis E. 

Burnham, Ernest Thompson, Abner W. Berry (one of 

the participants in the Highlander Folk School conference), James W. Ford, Harry Haywood, W. A. Hunton, 

Richard B. Moore, S. C. Patterson, and Doxey Wilker· 

son. 

Gomillion sponsored a testimonial dinner for W. E. 

B. DuBois whose services to the Communist cause have 

been enormous. The dinner was given at Essex House, 

New York City, on Februarj 23, 1951. Prominent 

Communists who co-sponsored this DuBois testimonial 

dinner included the following: Herbert Aptheker, Mrs. 

Louise Berman, Howard Fast, Frederick V. Field, Ben 
Gold, W. A. Hunton, Alben E. Kahn, William L Pat 

terson, Melba Phillips, Joseph Selly, Howard ~ 

Mr. and Mrs. Alfred K. Stem (who recently fted behind 

the Iron Cunain to escape indictments for eapion•oo) 

and Gene Weltfish. -..· ' 

. Charles 0. Gomillion is a member of the board o! 

dtrectors of the Southern Confer~nce ~ucatioDa] Fund, 

an orgamzabon whose tdeologtcal onentation toward 

Communism will be discussed later. 

Gomillion_ and ~ Tuskegee Civic Association are 

part of an mterlocking apparatus which includes the 

Highlander Folk School and the Southern Conference 

Educational Fund. 

In his 1956 presidential repon to the Tuskegee Civic 

Asso~iatio_n. Dean Gomillion stated that at one of their 

meetmgs m February, 1956, a speaker discussed "the 

role of the Highlander Folk School, and the search for 

an effective social action program." He also stated that 

one of the major roles of the Tuskegee Civic Association 

was cooperation "with the Highlander Folk School in 

t~e effort to d~~el~p effec_tive persona) and group tech· 

n1ques. for facilttatmg ractal desegregation." 

In vtew of the fact that Gomillion and his TCA had 

been cooperating with the Highlander Folk School for 

at least a year and a half, it may be presumed that his 

illegal boycott of the white merchants of Tuskegee was 

one o_f t?e group techniques werked out by the two 

orgaruzat.Jons. Furthermore, it may be assumed that 

Gomillion's clese association with the Communist ap-

~ratus, ~ set for_th above, w~. some kind of preparatiOn for hts adoption of the militant boycott technique. 

The manager of Tuskegee's largest depanment store 

was quoted in the New York Times, as follows: ''The 

N~gro leaders picked the wrong target. The merchants 

didn't hav_e anything to do with Senator Engelbardfs 

btll. I thmk they realize that the boycott is unfair. 

We've worked closely with the Negroes on charity drives 

and when they asked for credit we extended it without 

question." It is, Qf course, standard C.m.munist tactics 

to exacerbate existing tensions and to create racial strife 

where .none had existed. J 

Fred a. Routh o,V 

The Southern Regional Council was represented at 

the Highlander Folk School seminar in the person of 

Fred B. Routh. Mr. Routh bears the title of assistant 

director of the Southern Regional Council. 

The Southern Regiooal Council, recipient of a grant 

of $245,000 from the Fund for the Republic, is one o! 

the most inftuential organizations of whites and Negroes 

in the South. It bas been penetrated by the Communistfront apparatus. 

The following directors of the Southern Regional 

~rmn"il h~vP ~n affiliated with Communist organiza· 

tJons: 

26 

R:tus B. Atwood. president of Kentucky State CoUege 

Brailsford R. Brazeal, professor at Moreho~ ~liege 

Rufus E. Clement, president .of. ~tlan~ Umve_rs1ty. 

J. M. Ellison, president of Vtrgtma Umon l!rnventty 

Charles G. Gomillion, dean of Tuskegee Institute 

Charles s. Johnson, late president of Fisk University 

R. o'Hara Lanier, president of Texas Southern Urn· 

versity Benjamin E. Mays, president of Morehouse College 

Jacob L. Reddix, president of Jackson State College 

H. c. Trenholm, president of Alabama State CoDege 

!or Negroes · 

All of the foregoing directors of the Southern Regional Council are Neg~oes an

1

d ~ are connected With 

Negro institutions of higher earnmg. 

Others Present 

The Rev. David H. Brooks, Protestant Episcopal high 

church clergyman (Negro), was a speaker at the Htghlaoder Folk School seminar. He was a le~der of the 

Tallahassee bus boycott which occurred durmg the last 

seven months of 1956. 

The Daily Worker, July I, 1952, carried a front-page 

ilory about a petition drawn up by the noted pro-Communist, W. E. B. DuBois, urging President Truman to 

adopt a policy of ''withdrawal of military forces and 

installations by the U. S. and all other gove~ents 

from all foreign territory where their presence IS not 

authorized by agreement of all the major powen." Such 

a policy would, of course, be a Communist h?<'by .n:ap. 

Of the alleged 160 Negro signe.rs of.this DuB~ts petition, 

the names of only four were gtven m the Dtnly Worker; 

and one of the four was the name of the Rev. David H. 

Brooks. 

Allen McSwain (Negro) was a speaker whe represented the Clinton, Tennessee, school incident. 

Bernice Robinson, alsm a speaker at the Highlander 

Folk School seminar, discussed the Johns Island, South 

Carolina, integration incident. 

Conrad Browne (white) came to the seminar from 

Koinonia Farm, an interracial colony near Americus, 

Georgia. This interracial community bas been an incitement to prolonged violence. . . 

Ralph Helstein, president of the Umted Packing 

House Workers of America, AFL-CIO, was also a 

speaker. This union has been heavily infiltrated by 

known Communists. 

A Succession of Sputniks for Ne11roes 

One of the top leaders of the Communist International, Otto Kuusinen, said in a speech before the executive committee of the C.l. that it was the first business of the Communists to launch satellite organizations 

and committees. In The Communist of May, 1931, 

Kuusinen wtiS quoted on these satellites of the Communist Party, as followa: 

27 
The fim part of our task is to build up, 1101 0111 Commumst orgamzations but other org ..... ;.,.. . Y 

U b all • . . -uo111 11 

we , ~ ove mass orgamzations sympathizin witb our auns and able to aid us for special pu g 

We must create a whole solar sv.rtPm nl .... ~~.;_· · 

and smaller committees around''th;·c;;,;:;;;p'wnJ so to speak~ smaller organizations working :Z· 

under the influence of our Party (not urtd£r octlaan{ 

cal leadership). (p. 409-423; emphasis in :~~­

The satellite or soutnik orcrSlnin•tinn ........ : ...... •L- ,... • • o -- -·o-~-~ . ..,._..,. "'lllt..U UIC \..Om· 

mumst Party m the United States bas launched es 

ctally for _Negroes are far too numerous to name all~ them. Bnef sketches of the principal sputniks in this 

category Will, however, serve to illuminate the aj d 

tactics of the American Communist Partv with ~,!:!., to the Negroes of the United States. - --- ---,.-· 

A partial list of the Communist sputniks for Negroes follows: 

African Rlood Brotherhood 

Alabama Peoples Educational Association 

Citizen.s Emergency Conference for Interracial Unity 

Committee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Recy Taylor 

League of Struggle for Negro Rights 

Negro Labor Victory Committee 

Southern Negro Youth Congress 

Umted Negro and Allied Veterans of America 

Abolish Peonage Committee 

American Negro Labor Congress 

American Negro Labor Council 

Cc~Ll~ti.t:e tv Defend Angelo Herndon 

Comm1ttee for the NePTn in th ... A""' 

Cornm!tt<e to Aid tl,;oFigh~ing·&,~.b 

Fredencl< Douglass Educational Center 

Martinsville Seven Committee 

National Negro Congress 

Negro People's Committee to Aid Soanish Democracv South~rn Conference for Human welfare ---- ----; 

Southern Conference Educational Fund 

Of these, only the Southern Conference Educational 

Fund is still in existence. 

African iiiooci Brotherhood 

. The African ~lood Br~therbood was the first sputnik 

m the Commumst Party s system of satellites_ It was 

penetrated and captured, not originally launched, by the 

Commumsts. 

Joseph Za~k Kornfeder, then a leading member of 

the Commumst Party, has told the following story of 

tne penetratton and capture of the African Blood Broth- ·- .. 4•uu.;.. 

· · . the Cemmunist Partv aetiviti~ amnnnt tM. --- -; -------- ---o-· -- Negroes here in the United States started about 1921, 

and w.-e pr.,mpted by a letter sent to the Americaa 

Party by Nitelai Lenin ••• Well, 10, of course, 1be 

~ 

party couldn't ignore a letter from Nikolai Lenin ... 

1 was then the junior member of the Central Committ<e ... Well, when I \ooked aro"":d I found that 

there was simply no Negro membership In the Communist Party ... I knew from the Socialist Party that 

there were some Negroes in Harlem in a branch of 

the Socialist Party which was mostly Negroes, although there were also whites in the same branch, and 

1 looked up one of them and he a~vised me to see an 

;ndividual by the name of Cynl Bnggs. Well, I 

j;;;;ked up this individual, and he was the editor of a 

paper called The Crusader, which was the official 

organ of a Negre organization called the African 

Blood Brotherhood. Well, I put in quite an effort on 

this fellow Briggs, to see whether I could work him 

over ideologically, and as I got acquainted with him, 

I noticed that be was having his financial troubles 

publishing the paper. I didn't tell him that I represented the Communist Party, of course. I just posed 

as a liber!ll uncle, who had his sympathies on the 

Negro side, and was willing to help him. Whenever 

he ran into some trouble about paying the printer, 

well, I always obliged with a few hundred dollars. 

This way I became friends with this Briggs and I 

worked him over ideologically, and the cant of the 

journal changed. .And, of course, in due time I got 

at some of his friends who were on the Board of 

Directors, and, well, it took only about a year before 

the controlling influence in that organization upon 

top was exerted through me, and they pretty nearly 

would do. althoueh thev weren't vet in the party, what 

I wanted ihem to do. Well, and iater on I 'signed him 

up into the Communist Party as a member. So that 

was the first Negro organization that the party got 

hold of ideologically, at least-later on organizationally. That's bow the thing started. (Subversion in 

Racial Unrest, Baton Rouge. La., March 6-9, !957, 

p. 37) 

Cyril Briggs went on to become one of the most 

prominent Negro leaders in the history of the Communist Party in the United States. 

Americon Negro Lobor Congress 

The American Negro Labor Congress was organized 

in Chicago in October, 1925. It was a Communist 

united front maneuver and the successor to the African 

Blood Brotherhood. 

1n his book entitled The Negro People in American 

Hisrory, William Z. Foster writes concerning the ANLC 

as follows: 

The American Negro Labor Congress was organized in Chicago in November 1925, mainly upon tlte 

initiative of the Communists . . . The leader of the 

movement was Lovett Fort--Whiteman) and its journal 

was The Chmnpion. Outstanding Communist Negro 

29 
workers in it were James w. Ford, Harry Ha 

Maude White, and many others ... 111 mem~ was eventuaUy confined mainly to Co . P 

(p. 460) IDIDWIIIII. 

Lovett Fort-Whiteman was a student at the Unin 

Scho_olm Moscow, an institution at which foreign Com. 

mu~1sts were. taught the theory and tactics of propa. 

gao a, agitatJ_on, and espionage. Fort·Whiteman was 

ai<o an Amencan delegate to the Sixth World Co 

of the Communist International in 1928. (/nterna~fo: Press Correspondence, July 25, 1928, p. 708) 

Foster says that the ANLC "was handicapped by sectanamsm-by wntmg too 'left' a program f the 

masdse~: "F t oster a I so. ~a1~tains ' that the ANLC encoun- ~ 

~re s rong oppositiOn from the National AssociatiOn for the Advancement of Colored People and the 

N atwnal Urban League. 

On tbe eve of the organization of the ANLC, Lovett 

Fort· Wh1teman. announced, with pride and obviously 

g!"O!:.s exaggeration, thatEach day, everyone promoting the American Negro 

1 ahnr Congress notes a growing uneasiness in the 

ru11~g class of. this country in contemplation of the 

commg A.mencan Negro Labor Congress. (Daily 

Worker, October 7, 1925, p. 3) 

The Communist Internatioal (a mere euphemism for 

the ~remlin) kept a watchful eye on the American Com-

~U~Ist Party ~nd all the little sputniks revolving around 

u. : fbe AT?encan Negro Labor Congress, insigni1icant 

..... , .1. '•'- a:., 01d not escape the attention of the Musovite 

bosses of the American Communists. 

Tr- "' TP•c•l•Jtion of October 26, 1928, three years after 

the launching of the sputnik known as the ANLC, the 

Cor~1f'111mst International said: 

The .-\meric~n Negro Labor Congress continues to 

ex1st only nommally. Every effort should be made to 

strengthen this organization as a medium through 

\~hH.:f. we can extend the work of the Party among 

tbc: ~egro masses ~nd mobilize the Negro workers 

under our leadership. (The Communist Position on 

il1t' 1\'r:.gro Question. p. 59) 

lhe directives of the Communist International for 

the American Communist Party were supervised and 

enforced on the scene by a personal representative of 

the Communist International. In 1928, one of these 

:..:,~:.:nt~ of the Cornintern in the United States was John 

Pepper. Benjamin Gitlow identifies Pepper in the fol· 

!owmg words: 

A commander of the. Hungarian Red Army in 

J :1, '}, ac had fled to Russ1a after the overthrow of the 

.. ·o·. "u Soviet Republic and along with Bela Kun 

became an important functionary of the Comintern. 

30 

' 

Jn Hungary his name had been Josef Pogany; be came 

to America as John Pepper. (I Confess, p. !36) . 

Jn a pamphlet entitled Am~rican N~gro Problems, 

published by Workers Library Publishers in !928, John 

Pepper wrote concerning the ANLC, as foUows: 

The American Negro Labor Congress which is still 

very weak, must be reorganized and activized. The 

Communists working within this organization should 

try to make it serve as an intermediary mass organization, as a medium through which the Party can 

extend its work among the Negro masses and mobilize 

the Negro workers under its leadership. (emphasis 

in original; p. 15) 

When the sputnik named American Negro Labor 

Congress petered out, it was brought down and a new 

one was launched. 

James W. Ford, twice vice-presidential candidate on 

the Communist Party ticket, records that the frank 

anti-religious position of the American Negro Labor 

Congress was one of the reasons for its failure. In his 

book, The Negro and the Democratic Front, published 

in 1938, Ford, wrote: 

I recaU particularly the strict and unyielding attitude taken by the leaders of the American Negro 

Labor Congress toward religion. This attitude prevented the Congress from becoming a mass inftuence 

among church people. At an A. N. L. C. meeting in 

Chicago, 1926, composed of a large number of religious people, a leader of the organization in the 

course of his remarks, said: "To hell with religion; 

damn the church." (p. 82) 

Ford then told how the Communist Party changed 

its tactics and made dupes of church organizations and 

religious people: 

But today in the National Negro Congress church 

organizations and religious people work c<HJperatively 

with non-church people. Our Negro Communists are 

fraternizing with church people in order to organize 

them in the struggle for Negro liberation. (ibid, p. 

82-83) 

Ford's meaning is crystal clear: the Communists 

adopted a policy of tactical silence with respect to their 

basic contempt for, and hostility toward, religion and 

the churches-a policy which continues today. 

The last convention of the American Negro Labor 

Congress was held in St. Louis in November, 1930, 

where, by unanimous decision, the name was changed 

to the League of Struggle for Negro Rights. (ibid, 

p. 83) 

Leogue of Struggle for Negro Rights 

Immediate successor to the American Negro Labor 

Congress, the League of Struggle for Negro Righll was 

31 
the same old sputnik with a new name. The namea of 

Communist sputniks have had a way of wearing out 

and, when they do, the Party thinks up new names in 

order to seduce new followers. Thus, the American 

League Against War and Fascism became the AmeriCID 

League for Peace and Democracy when the new unitedfront line was adopted alter the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International in 1935. During 

World War II, the Young Communist League metamorphosed into American Youth for Democracy on October 

17, 1943-same convention, same officers, same revolutionary objt!ctives. Later on, the Southern Conference 

for Hum<m \\'elfare became the Southern Conference 

Educational Fund in 1947-same officers, same address, 

same telephone number, same publication (South~rn 

Pat not), and same Communist objectives. 

There was no attempt to conceal the Communist Par-

",~ r'nntm1 nf the League of Struggle for Negro Rights. 

Among the national council members of the organization were such high functionaries of the Communist 

Par:y as William Z. Foster, Earl Browder, James W. 

Ford, Robert ~inor, Benjamin J. Davis, Harry Haywood, Cyn1 Bnggs, Clarence Hathaway, Irving Potash, 

L:1ui~ \Veinstock, Israel Amter, Claude Lightfoot, and 

A~"'« W. Berry (of the Highlander Folk School semi-

,.~-· ·1 , ~-'-,'''(1. it;·, L11nd, and Freedom: A Program for 

1\egro Liberation, published by the League of Struggle 

~~~r I\;~;p:) Rirf-Its. New York, 1933, p. 44-46) 

L. ll_g!:>tOn Hughes was president of the League of 

Suu~Ple fm Negro Rights. 

ln ;!'· ,vrcgram for Negro Liberation, the LSNR rel,·d ~he Joctrine of Negro nationhood: 

,\ ,- r·to-.:laim before the whole world that the 

:- ,·r~ Negroes are a nation-a nation striving 

·" : .. -J m:::1hood but whose growth is violently ret.lrdt!J .'ind which is viciously oppressed by American 

.,1,- ·m. The program here presented outlines 

. h~: <-mlv cr.urse of action which guarantees the deH:lopmcm of the American Negroes to full nation~ 

hood, which will elevate them to that rightful place 

of eguality before all and subservience before none. (ibid, p. 7-8) 

; ),·_· v· ,;r:~m ot the LSNR also reiterated the Com~ 

~-,~·r.i-.1 dema.n::~ for confiscation of the property of the 

\n•.JtherD ,.,·hi~e!": 

"f'·.· · •P of Struggle for Negro Rig~:s therefore 

.,.,.-1~ rhf' rnnfi,.cation without compensation of the 

'"'JJd u1 the bJg landlords and capitalists in the South 

and .ts di:;tribution among the Negroes and white 

~·-;:'!1/ f~:!"IJh:rs and sharecroppers. (ibid, p. 10) 

L J,, I<e;>ort of the Central Committee to the Eighth 

C:·n," •r(·'< cf the Communist Party, held in Cleveland, 

vhrc, April 2-8, 1934, Earl Browder said: 

32 

A more broad and all-inclusive organizational form 

for the Negro liberation struggles is the League of 

Struggle tor Negro Rights.. This sho.uld emb.ra~ in 

its activities all of the baste economtc orgaruzataons 

of Negro and white workers standing on the program 

of Negro liberation, and further unite with them all 

other sections of the Negro population drawn towards this struggle, especially those large sections of 

the petty-bourgeoisie, intel1ectuals, professionals, who 

can and must be won to the national liberation cause. 

The L. S. N. R. must, in the first place, be an active 

federation of existing mass organizations; and secondly, it must directly organize its own membership 

branches composed of its most active forces and all 

supporters otherwise unorganized. The present beginnings of the L. S. N. R. and its paper, The Liberator, which with only a little attention have already 

shown mass vitality, must be energetically taken up, 

and spread throughout the country. (Communism in 

the United States, 1935, p ... 9) 

Browder's grandiose conception of the LSNR was a 

piece of typical Communist wishful tbiokiog. The 

LSNR gave way to the National Negro Congress in 

1936. 

National Negro Congress 

The fact that the Communist Party was preparing to 

launch one of its sputniks, the National Negro Congress, 

was noisily proclaimed long before it was sent revolving 

around the Party. 

The very suggestion that the National Negro Congress 

be launched was made by the Negro Communist leader, 

James W. Ford. In his book, The Negro People in 

American History, William Z. Foster writes: 

This broad movement (the National Negro Congress) , which operated in the tradition of the historic 

Negro people's conventions, had been suggested two 

years before by Jam .. W. Ford, in a debate with 

Oscar de Priest and Frank Crosswaith. (p. 488) 

The Party Organizer of March, 1935, let it be Irnown 

thai the Communist Party was laying careful plans to 

launch the National Negro Congress. This was almost 

one year before its plans came to fruition. The Party 

Organizer, in publishing excerpts from a report to one 

of the plenums of the Communist Party, said: 

In connection with the question of the united front 

on the Negro question-if we work properly now 

and see that we must penetrate these organizations 

(the churches, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, etc.) there is the pos-

&ibility of building up a National Negro Congress on 

a broad united front basis. We had a discussion 

about this conference in the N. Y. District (of the 

Communist Party) in which we discussed the Negro 

33 
question, and the possibility of a National Negro 

Congress. If we make the proper orientation, we will 

be able to build the biggest Congress of Negro people 

ever he1d. It means patient work in (non-Communist) Negro organizations. (p. 21) 

It is obvious that the Communist Party h~d even 

selected the _name of the new sputnik a year in advance 

of its launching. 

In a condensation of Gunnar Myrdal's An American 

Dilemma, Arno]d Rose says that "the National Negro 

Congress grew out of ~ co~ference in the spring of 

19~5 he~d. ~t Howard _umv~rsJty under the joint auspices 

of Its DxvtsJon of Soc1al Sciences and of the Joint Committee on ~ational Recovery." (The Negro in America, 

p. 262) This joint conference at Howard University was 

held in May. The Party Organizer of March, 1935, 

quoted above, is a documentary refutation of the parentage of the National Negro Congress as given in Arnold 

T?,~-.~-·~ ;::.-.. :--,(~(-r~~zti;01l of An American Dilemma. 

In a confidential memorandum of the Department of 

Justice, issued for the guidance of the departmental 

heads of the federal government, the Attorney General 

of the United States made the following observation concerning the National Negro Congress: 

The National Negro Congress, throughout its existence. has closely followed the Communist Party lines, 

espousing causes and adopting issues sponsored by 

the Party ... In the field of American foreign policy 

il c:;licd rv; umte:J actjon on the part of the Democracies (including the Soviet Union) against fascism 

prior to th.: Russo-German pact of non-aggression, 

hut after the signing of the pact assailed the "imperialist conflict" as having "nothing to do with saving 

and extending democracy." When the Nazis attacked 

Russi::~, however, the leaders of the (National Negro) 

Congress advocated aU-out aid to the Soviet Union 

arid urged immediate entrance of the United States 

into the war on the side of Britain and the Allies. 

Supporting the foregoing view of the Attorney General, the Third National Negro Congress meeting in 

Washington, D. C., in April, 1940, adopted the following resolution. 

The National Negro Congress declares that the 

Negro people have everything to lose and nothing to 

gain by American involvement in the imperialist war 

and sharply condemns the Administration for the 

steps it has taken towards involvement and the partiality it has shown. 

On October 16, 1940, speaking under the auspices of 

the Church League for Industrial Democracy in Kansas 

Cit~, Missouri, Max Yergen (president of the National 

Negro Congress) toed the Communist Party line on the 

subject of the war, in the following words: 

34 

We do not believe we have any business aUying 

ourselves with either of the belligerent sides now responsible for the war . . . It becomes clear that the 

similarities between fascist and imperialist rule are 

numerous and strong. (Democracy and the N~gro 

People Today, p. 9 and 12) 

Max Yergen has since made a clean break with the 

Communist apparatus. 

A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of 

Sleeping Car Porters (AFL), was the fi~t president of 

the National Negro Congress. He was, m fact, already 

designated as president of the .NNC. when the new organization was first convened tn Ch1cago on February 

]4, 1936. The Communist Party had, of course, selected Randolph for the position. The Party had left 

nothing to chance or the delegates to the Congress. 

On account of illness, Randolph was not present at 

the 1936 sessions of the National Negro Congress. His 

presidential address, prepared before the Congress met, 

was read by Charles Wesley Burton, a Negro lawyer 

from Chicago. 

Randolph's address was the kind which might well 

have been prepared at Communist Party headquarters. 

With typical soapbox flourishes, Randolph said: 

... the Negro people face a hard, deceptive and 

brutal capitalist order, despite its preachments of 

Christian love and brotherhood. 

What has brought us to this insistent question? The 

answer in brief lies in the (First) World War, the 

sharpening and deepening of capitalist exploitation of 

the workers of band and brain, the acceleration of a 

technological revolution creating a standing army of 

unemployed, the ripening and maturing of monopoly 

capitalism thru trustification, rationalization and the 

rapid march of financial imperialism, and the inten.sification of racial and religious hatreds, together wtth 

increasingly blatant and provocative nationalism. 

But the war itself was the effect of a deeper cause 

and that cause was the profit system which provides 

and permits the enrichment of the few at the expense 

of the many . • . (The Official Proceedings of the 

National Negro Congress, 1936, p. 8, 9) 

Randolph paid his respects to the Communist Party's 

International Labor Defense. He said: 

Those organizations that are serving on the civil 

rights front effectively for the Negro are the National 

Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 

and the International Labor Defense. (ibid p. 10) 

In fairness to A. Philip Randolph, and to complete 

the record, it must be pointed out that eventually he 

became disgusted with the Communist domination of 

the National Negro Congress and resigned from its 

presidency. After the meeting of the Third Congress, 

Randolph wrote: 

35 
~ 

iliM ""-· ~. - t., ... 

. . . i consider the Communists a definite menace 

and a danger to the .Negro ~pie and labor, because 

?f theU' rule or rum and dtsruptive tactics in th 

mt~rest of the Soviet ~nion ... The Congress wa~ deliberately packed With Communists and c;;. 1. 0. 

members who were e1ther Communists or sympathizers with Communists ... 

I quir the congress because I was opposed to it 

or _its offi~ials •. expressing sympathy for the Sovie~ 

Umo~, whJch IS the death prison where democracy 

and IJberty have walked their "last mile" and where 

shocking blood purges wipe out any and all persons 

wh~ express any dissenting opinions from dictator 

Stalm. 

I quit the congress because I saw that the Com· 

munists were firmly in the saddle ... Their minrl~ 

were already made up when they ca~~- .the~~···by 

Communists' ma?ipuJations, caucuses, and propaganda ... I qmt the congress because it was not 

~ruly a Negro Congress. (Congressional Record, May 

14, 1940, p. 2944-5) 

The Communist dominat!on of the National Negro 

Congress was, of course, ev1dent from the beginning to 

anyone sufficiently interested in the evidence. 

Despite the plain truth about the Communists and 

the NNC, it received a boost from Norman Thomas 

Philip Munay, and Walter White of the N.A.A.C.P._: 

all of whom appeared as speakers at the Second Nattona1 Negro Congress in October, 1937. 

fhe Second National Negro C..ongress was convened 

m Philadelphia. The NNC officials made arran_gements 

fnr a special train from New York to Philadelphia, 

through World Tourists, a Soviet travel and espionage ;J~ency. 

In addition to Walter White of the N.A.A.C.P., the 

N~1tion::t1 Negro Congress was able to attract, as speakers or sponsors, many other Negro leaders among Whom 

were the foJ!owing: Frederick D. Patterson, president of 

Tuskegee Institute; Rufus B. Atwood, president of Kenwcky State College; John M. E1Jison, president of Virginia Union University; David D. Jones, president of D~----•• ,-.._u ____ n ......_,..... .. • • . -- uc:u;u;:tt Luurge; .1\. U .ttara Lamer, president of Texas 

Southern University; and Jacob L. Reddix, president of 

Jockson State College. 

The National Negro Congress also enlisted as stooges 

Ihe !<.>!lowing bishops of Negro churches: Bishop James A D-···· ,-._, ___ , <o.• ·• •• -,. • -·- _ ·"" o> ii.J. \..-(.ltorea Metnoa1st .t::ptscopal; Bishop R. A. 

Cmcr, Colored Methodist Episcopal; Bishop W. J. 

>Valls. Afncan Methodist Episcopal Zion; Bishop R. R. 

""6'"• African Methodist Episcopal; Bishop W. A. 

Fountain, African Methodist Episcopal; and Reverdy 

C. Ransom, African Methodist Episcopal. 

The affiliations of these Negro coUege presidents and 

Negro bishops indicate that the Communist Party bas 

36 

~.. ... 2 Jare:e measure of success io penetrating the ranks 

'(-Negrov educators and ckcgymeo. 0 During the period extending from 1936 to the end 

1 World War II, the National Negro Congress and the 

:;,mmunist Party dropped such slogans ~ "A !'egro 

R ublic in the Black Belt" and "The Liberation .of 

h

ep Oppressed Negro Nation." This was in keepmg with Ie . I .. fth the communist Party's new tacttca onentatton o . e 

People's Front. After World War II, the Commumsts 

reverted to their basic disloyalty to the Um~ed States. 

communists in the armed forces of. the Umte~ States 

fought with great zeal in the war agamst the .. A_Y..!S Powers not out of any loyalty to their own country. but beca~se their adopted "fatherland," the Soviet Umon, was 

a co-belligerent. . Following World War ll, the National Negro Con- _ .. _H ,. .. A thP C..nmmnnis.l Partv showed their true 

~~~~~s ... 'On Ju~e 6~ 1946~-t"he NNC addressed a petition 

to the United Nations, requesting that foreign agency 

to conduct an investigation into the oppression of the 

Negro people. . . Communist tactics are always subJect to drastic alteration without notice, but the b3.sic ailn of violent revolution is never abandoned. 

The National Negro Congress was liqui~ated in 1.947. 

It bad served the purposes of the Commurust conspiracy 

admirably for almost a decade, but during its !ater years 

it had become so indelibly stamped a,s a Soviet sputmk 

that its influence outside the immediate circle of Communists was rapidly approaching the vanishing point. 

Never discouraged, and always ready to start all over 

again, the Party w-ent on to the launching of new sputniks. 

Southern Negro Youth Congreu 

The Southern Negro Youth Congress originated as 

the youth section of the National Negro Congress. Its 

fir~t conference was held in Richmond, Virginia, Febru-

;;y-13-14:19-3-7, ~~the Fifth Street Baptist Church. 

The late Edward E. Strong, Communist Party Negro 

leader, was chairman of the youth section of the NNC 

and of the SNYC. 

The SNYC was forn .ed during the era of the People's 

Front, and its behavior was guided accordingly. At its 

first session, the pastor of the Baptist Church pronounced an invocation. There was nothing of the 

damn-the-church attitude which had characterized the 

period of the American Ne~o La~r. Con,gr~s, although the Communists were 10 complete control. 

Speakers at the first conference of the SNYC ~clu~ed 

E. Franklin Frazjer, professor at Howard U~ver~ty, 

Mordecai W. Johnson, president of Howard Umverslty, 

and Angelo Herndon. 

During the conference, a seminar was devoted to the 

subject, "The Role of the Negro Church in Solving the 

37 
Social and Erono · p bl leader ot th '?''c ro ems of Negro Youth. • 'The e s.ntner wa" Harh.:..-t u -..·£L • 

the School of Religion B~h~··c;;-n • .... "Wlm, aean of 

Participants in the se~inar l!.s .ege, Marshall, Texas. 

l .. d, School of Religion Howa~~srt'? were Harold RoA. Cox, School of Religion y· . mvor~•ty, anfi James 

The Rev c E Qu • •rgtru.a Umon University 

odist Ch;.,.c~ ~so p~;!uanstorcedof ~e Leigh Street Meth: 

A ' . an mvocatton · t one sesslOa of the Richmond . Richardson, Of the National Ass . c~nference, W. F. 

vancement of Colored People, ,:~;~on for the Ad. 

natiOnal headquarters bad a tulf . The NAACP 

the souvenir program. -page advertisement in 

Th~ SNYC had a Communist affiliate kno ' 

Association of Young Writers and Artists "n as t!'• 

twn was dedicated to "stimulau· d . The a~socta- d · · d 1 ng an encouragmg · ~VJ r ua and ~roup ~xpression in the fields of art 1:-

cg o youth, mcreasmg the means whereby th fi y 

cuJt.ural contributions of Negro outh rna e nest 

ava!lable to the general public y .. T y be_ made 

the association conducted an e~s· . award thts end, < "Wh . ay contest on the sub 

d

Ject, R ~t Is your interpretation of the novel 'F e ~ om oad hv Hnw~rn J:O'<>ct'>" r e 

rhAe s.e~rel~rY-~f-the .. A;;~ciation of Young Writers an rtJsts was Louis E Burnham Co . N 1 d · • mmumst Party e~~o. ea er who numbered among his later Co . actlvntes an instructorship m" th J ff mmumst So . I S . e e erson School of em Cience and membership on the boa d f d' 

tor;bof the Southern Conference Education:l :undtrec-

. e honorary .members of the Association of Y~un 

~~~~rs .•~d Art•sts read like a roster of distinguishe~ - u a veJtrs. Among the honorary b the f u · . . mem ers were D ·B o_ owtng. LoUJs Adamic, Countee Cullen, W. E. B. 

u ots~ Oscar Hammerstein W C Ha d 

Hughes, Canada Lee Rayfo~d w· L. og n yC, Langston \\1'1J · D ' · an, arey Mc- J tams, orothy Parker, Pearl Primus and Kenneth 

Spencer. (People's Daily World Oct i 1944 5) 

James W. Ford rushed back ~ re~rt ;o tbe 'J~tral Cornm•tt<'e of the Communist Party on the R. h d 

conference of the SNYC. (The Negro and th;c D~~';,. ~~at•~ront, P· 113-119) His enthusiasm was unbound· 

. e. Col?murust Party had made a new and deeper penetrahon mto the South. 

Willi., ..... 7 !:'"""-•-- .._ . t 

•• ~........... 6-.. ~u:s\~1 nas recently made the followin 

glowmg appraJSal of the work and influence of th~ Southern Negro Youth Congress: 

N 

Most important was the united front Southern 

egro Youth Congre L d · . · ss · · · ea ers m this organizatiOn were Edward Strong, James W. Ford, James 

Jack>on, Henry Wmston, Louis Burnham, and Esther 

~~r.; .. In 1946, when it held its seventh conven· _., u,.._ vui.··OI-tbe~way Southern city of Col b" South Ca !ina um Ja, ro • 1,000 delegates were present . . . 

ThedS.N.Y.C. was the most imponant movement ever 

con ucted by Negro youth. It pioneered many of 

38 

the constructive developments now taking place in 

the Smith •.. (Th~ N~ro People in Am~ican Hi.story, p. 486) 

The Southern Negro Youth Congress was liquidated 

in !948. The days of the People's Front were over, at 

least for the time being. 

Southern Conference for Human Welfare 

The first big penetration of the Communist Party 

into the South came with the launching of the Southern 

Conference for Human Welfare in November 1938. 

The launching took place in Birmingham, Alabama, 

with the blessings of the White House. Eleanor Roose· 

velt was the principal speaker. 

On November 22, 1938, Mrs. Roosevelt, addressing 

the conference said: "The eyes of the world are upon 

us ... The future of democracy rests with the nation's 

youth. Face the question with open minds and above 

all make sure a thing is true before accepting it as true. 

On Ibis alone can we stake our hopes for democracy." 

(Report of Proceedings of the Southern Conference for 

Human Welfare, p. 29) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt sent a ietter io the Birmingfiao:i 

conference, in which be said: " ... if you steer a true 

course and keep everlastingly at it, the South will long 

be thankful for this day." (ibid, p. 2) 

Paul Crouch, John Donovan, James Jackson, Robert 

F. Hall, and Don West-all Communist Party members 

-manipulated the conference from behind the scenes. 

William Z. Foster writes with unusual modesty: "Com· 

munist influence was strong in the S.C.H.W. from the 

stan and this was reflected in the advanced program 

it adopted." (The Negro People in American History, 

p. 487) 

The first president of the SCHW was Frank P. Gra· 

ham, then president oi the University of North Carolina. 

Later presidents were John B. Thompson (of the Highlander Folk School seminar) and Clark Foreman (now 

director of the Communist-controlled Emergency Civil 

Liberties Committee). Throughout most of its existence, which extended down to 1948, James A. Dam· 

browski was administrator of the SCHW. 

T.ne House Colliifiittec on Un-.American 4 ... ctivities 

had something to do with the liquidation of the SCHW, 

but the decisive factor in its demise was the switch from 

the wartime honeymoon of the Washington-Moscow 

axis to the Cold War. 

Under date of March 29, 1944, the Dies Committee 

dubbed the SCHW a Communist front, and in a special 

report of the Committee on Un-American Activities, 

dated June 12, 1947, the fallowin' indictment of the 

SCHW was made: 

Careful examination of ita Gfficia.l publication and 

its activities will disclose that the conference is being 

39 
used in devious ways to further basi . Co~unist policy. Decisive and ke c Sovtet ~d most mstances controlled by perso y b posts are m 

faithful to the line of the Co ~ w ose record ia 

Soviet Union. (p. 1) mmurust Party and the 

In ~ 1954 report, the Senate Internal Se . committee reached the following u . cunty Sub-

~·~he Southern Conference for Hu~::~~~ conclusion: 

cewed, financed, and set up by the Co ~e was con- 1938 as a mass organization to mmumst Party in 

throughout the Southern Stat-- " (promote communism ... p. v) 

Southern Conference Educational Fv d 

Attention has already been called to ~e. fact th 

Southern Conference for Human W If at the 

phased · t th So e are metamor . h ~ o e utbern Conference Educational F d 

m t e mtddle of 1948. In the shift f un the othe th · . rom one name to r~ e organiZation maintained the same h d 

quarters, the same telephone number th ea -

cation, and the same executive direc;or. e same publi· 

. The Senate Internal Security Subcommitt 

m 1954 that "an objective study of th e~ reported 

compel~ the conclusion that the South:me~~record 

;ducatwnal Fund, . Inc., is operating with subst.:'::allynce e same leader~htp and purposes a 

~~fea~i~ah~.n, the Southern Conference ;o: H~~~c;~~ • Y . the same leadership and purposes , th Se 

ate Committee meant that the Southe Co ' e n-

~~;~nal Fund, .~ike the Southe~n Con~ren~:e:~~~u7::~ _are, was a mass orgamzation to promote Co mumsm throughout the Southern states." m-

~uch has already been said about Aubrey w·u· 

r::s~:~e ~ ~mesCoA. Dombrowski, executivet ~=~ , u ern nterence Educational Fund lt rna Y 'be added that the names of both Willi . r,,)~/Juio·,vskt w,.;rc attached to the brief .a~ a~d 

Wbicb was submitted to the United Sta:'~ curlQ.e 

C)urt, October, 1955, Term, on behalf of th pCoreme 

mumst Party u s A. The' e m- .. . ' · · " support of this b · f amlC'. cunae, written with a typical Co . n_e 

su;n:~entlly re~eals the idealogicaJ positionm::u~I~!e ~~~ pr.r.ctpa officials of the SCEF. 

A;Ehas ?1~eady been indicated, the Southern Conte ~ ence ducatwnal Fund e e ts . . r 

in the sl).uth. today, and i~ i~ t~e ~::::r:n;f mfiuence 

~o';;,mu~st mtegration forces. The :rincipal :e:ct~'!; e utbern Conference Educational Fund . to serve as a bridge between the Communist Pa . IS 

~ne dhand and misguided Southern Liberals on'?;,eo~~~ an! .l In thiS function, it bas been remar~ably eess u. a.. sue. 

Nfational Associotion for the Advancement 

o Colored People 

A special word concerning the NAACP . Hu" organiz.ation is not a Communist front. IS necessary. 

The NAACP bas published a pamphlet by ita Assistant Field Secretary, Herbert Hill, entitled ''The Communist Party-1!.-ly of Negro Equality." This pamphlet ia a davutating indictment of Co[lllllunist views 

and tactics on the Negro question. 

In a foreword to the pamphlet by Herbert Hill, Roy 

Wilkins correctly appraiSes the Communist interest in 

the Negro question, as follows: "Far front being sincere 

about doing something for Negro rights, the Communists use the Negro merely as a pawn in the Soviet campaign against the United States and the western world." 

On the other band, it must be observed that the 

NAACP bas been a prime objective of Communist 

penetration and, in numerous instances, prominent individuals connected with the NAACP have succumbed 

to the appeals of the Communist-front apparatus. Proof 

that the NAACP bas been troubled with the problem of 

Communist penetration is to be found in a resolution 

adopted at the 1956 annual NAACP convention, which 

read& u follows: "As in the past, the Association will 

employ every reasonable measure in keeping with democratic or&anizational principles to prevent the endorsers, 

the supporters and defenders of the Communist conspiracy from joining or participating in any way in the 

work of the NAACP." 

On November 11, 1957, the New York Times reported that the NAACP bad rejected the membership 

application of Benjamin J. Davis, New York state chairman of the Communist Party, and had declined a gift 

of $50 offered by Davis. 

The foregoing statements and actions of the leaders 

of the NAACP appear to be clear and decisive, but 

they tell only half of the story. The other half of the 

story is that many of the leaders of the NAACP have 

been unusually susceptible to joining, supporting, and 

defending the front organizations of the Communist 

conspiracy. 

The indisputable truth of the matter is that the 

leaders of the NAACP, taken as a whole, have been 

extraordinarily soft toward the Communist conspiracy. 

In the so-called anti·Coromunist resolution adopted 

at the San Francisco convention in 1956, there would 

appear to be a big loophole in the phrase, "every reasonable measure in keeping with democratic organizational principles." Obviously, ''democratic organizational principles" do not prevent a person from holding high 

position in the NAACP and high position in a Communist organization at one and the same time. 

Two examples of NAACP officials wbo are currently 

prominent in the affairs of Communist organizations will 

illustrate the interlocking of the NAACP and tbe Communist apparatus. 

Andrew D. Weinberger, a national vice-president of 

the NAACP, is listed as treasurer on the 1957 letterhead 

of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, one of the 

41 
-

most active Communist organizations in the United 

States at the pr~t time. 

J oho W_esley Dobbs, a national vice-president of the 

NAACP, IS a member of the board of directors of the 

Southern Conference Educational Fund, the most inftu. 

entia! Communist organization currently operating in 

the South. Mr. Dobbs wa-c;. a atiPd nf hnnnr at ... 1 0<'7 - ------ -- o--~- - .. ~ ............. _ ...... .,_,, 

meeting of tbe Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. 

He was also a signer of the brief amici curiae submitted 

to the U. S. Supreme Court on behalf of the Communist 

Party in the fall of 1955. 

It may be enli.e:htenin.e: to ~ve some totals whiC"_h in .. ticate the extent-to which the t~p-l~~d~;shlp·-~f--th·e 

NAACP has given aid and comfort to the Communistfront apparatus. Listed on the current letterheads of 

the NAACP are the names of 236 different national 

officers.._ One hundred forty-five (or more than 61 percent) of these individuals have been involved, in '"one 

way or another, with Communist enterprises, for a 

grand total of 2,200 affiliations of public record. Forty· 

"" ,_H uH.:~t: NAACP nattonal officers have had one or 

1 wo Communist affiliations; 99 have had 3 or more 

.such affiliations; 52 have had 10 or more; and 46 have 

had 15 or more. 

At this point, I present a tabulation of the names of 

the NAACP national officers whose Communist affi.liafi .. :ms ~mrr.her I 5 or more, together with the number of 

:;uth affiliations for each individuaL 

EJ~ard L Parsons (Protestant Episcola bishop) ____ J08 

RobcN \'.'. Kenny (California attorney) ---~-----------101 

" '·"·'; ~h;pler (Protestant Episcopal clergyman) --··-···--····-······----·---·---··--- 76 

f';r) B f'i-:i:-:r:::on (Chicago attorney) _________________ 65 

Ro~"' N. B•ldwin (American Civil Liberties Union) 64 J~··hn Ho·.\_bnd Lathrop (Unitarian clergyman) ________ 62 

A!gerncn D. Black (Society for Ethical Culture 

l.;:· ,-,J..:r) -------------------------~---~----------------------- 60 

v c! I \\'yet Brooks (author)-----------------------~---===-=~=~=~ 59 

Fr;,:Ja Kirc'hwey (editor of The Nation) ________________ 59 

E!..:.·,;n,"r RQosevelt ----------------- ---------~---------------------- 56 

Bartlt·v Crurn (San Francisco attorney) __________________ 56 

Licmge 1.. Paine (Protestant Episcopal clergyman) __ 50 

Hcmy Hitt Crane (Methodist clergyman) ........... ~.--. 46 

Max Lerner (newspaper columnist and professor) ____ 43 

Ch>uning H. Tobias (Methodist clergyman) ___ ...... -.. 43 

J~or:-:~~ H. \\'n1fc (chief justice of Utah Supreme 

Court) -··-·····-----·---·-----·-··· 43 O:mlL"'~rJd K Fraenkel (New York attorney) _____________ 41 

-"\r<:h:·~·:_di: \~;~:..Leish (poet and university proiessor) 38 

"'- Ph:J:.- q "ldolph (labor union president) ________ 38 

Frank P (-;.--.'h.,, (university president. ex-U. S. 

::.~:naLor) 31 

G. Bromley Oxnam (Methodist bishop) ·----- 36 

Jc1hn Hctynes Holmes (Unitarian clergyman) ___ 35 

R l. Wails (Methodist bishop) 34 

42 

Reinbold Niebuhr (clergyman and theological 

professor) ___ 34 

Roscoe Dunjee (Oklahoma newspaper editor) __ 33 

Benjamin E. Mays (college president and clergyman) 31 

Edwin McNeill Poteat (Baptist clergyman) ___ 30 

George S. Counts (university professor)··--·- 29 

William Lloyd Imes (Presbyterian clergyman)~~~~ 29 

Rufus E. Clement (university president and 

clergyman) -····--··--·······--·-····--·····-··- 27 

Lewis S. Gannett (newspaper columnist) ··-··~--~ 26 

Oscar Hammerstein II (theatrical lyrics writer)-····· 25 

John Hammond (businessman) ·-··--····--·-····- 23 

S. Ralph Harlow (college professor and clergyman) 23 

Henry W. Hobson (Protestant Episcopal bishop)__ 23 

Albert Sprague Coolidge ( universiry professor)·····- 22 

Edward L. Young (physician) ---· 22 

Hubert T. Delany (New York attorney). ______ 20 

Horace M. Kallen (educator)... 20 

Albert C. Dieffenbach (Unitarian clergyman) ... _ 19 

Frank Kingdon (Methodist clergyman).·-·--·-·---··- 19 

Loren Miller (Los Angeles attorney).·-···-····-··- 19 

Norman Thomas (socialist leader).-----···---····--··----· 19 

Albert E. Barnett (theological professor, clergyman) 16 

H. Claude Hudson (Los Angeles educator)----·-·- 15 

Henry Smith Leiper (Presbyterian clergyman) .. _ 15 

Below are given the names of a number of Communist 

organizations (selected at random) and under each 

organization the names of the N.A~,o\CP national officers 

who have been affiliated with it: 

Africon Aid CommiHee 

Earl B. Dickerson 

George L. Paine 

Stephen Gill Spottswood 

Benjamin E. Mays 

Harry T. Penn 

W.J. Walls 

American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born 

Roger N. Baldwin 

Aigemon Biack 

Van Wyck Brooks 

George S. Counts 

Earl B. Dickenon 

Frank P. Graham 

Henry W. Hobson 

William Lloyd Imes 

John Howland Lathrop 

Max Lerner 

Arthur J. Mandell 

Reinhold Niebuhr 

Edward L. Parsons 

Guy l!mery Shipler 

W. j_ WaUs 

Viola W. Bernard 

jane M. SoliD 

Rufus E. Clement 

Henry Hitt Crane 

Osmond K. FraenkeJ 

s. Ralph Harlow 

John Haynes Holmes 

Robert W. Kenny 

W. Appleton Lawr<nce 

Archibald Macl.eisb 

Benjamin E. Mays 

George L. Paine 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

Channing H. Tobias 

jimes H. Wolfe 

Americon Cruude to End Lynching 

Bartley Crum W. J. Walls. 

Oscar Hammerstein, II Lloyd Gunson 

Benjamin E. Mays Robert W. Kenny 

0. Bromley Oxnam 

43 
American League for Peace and Democracy 

Roger N. Baldwin 

Morris L. Ernst 

Lewis S. Gannett 

William Lloyd lmes 

Max Lerner 

A. Philip Randolph 

Guy Emery Shipler 

Roy Wilkins 

VanWyck. Brooks 

Osmond K.. Fraenkel 

Frank P. Gnoham 

Robert W. K.enny 

Reinbold Niebuhr 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

Channing H. Tobias 

L. Bradford Young 

American Youth Congress 

Roger N. Baldwin Norman Thomas 

Mrs. Samuel McCrae Cavert Algernon D. Black 

Earl B. Dickerson GeorgeS. Counts 

Max Lerner John Howland Lathrop 

A Pluhp R<tndolph Archibald MacLeish 

Gu) Emery Shipler Eleanor Roosevelt 

George N. Shuster 

Citi:tens Emergency Conference for interracial Unity 

r..Jgtwon u. !:llack Channing H. Tobias 

Harry Bragg Jane M. Bolin 

HPbrrt T. Pelany Maurice A. De.wkins 

Osmond K. Fraenkel Harry Emerson Fosdick 

John A. Morsell Max Lerner 

C. B. Powell Myles A. Paige 

Guy Erne~· Shipler Jawn ~andifer 

George N. Shuster 

Civil Rights Congress 

t-.· '1 n,.· ~ 

E<.~<• H. D1cker~on 

J arne Hin!on 

. ·,\' r~omy 

heJ:j:::.! ... a E. Mays ~ '" !-· .'h>ie!IJ Poleal 

Rufus E. CJement 

Roscoe Dunjee 

H. Claude Hudson 

Arthur J. Mandell 

Edward L. Parsons 

James H. Wolfe 

Communist Party School.• 

B.Jr1e\ CnJm 

1. ~rl ~ '"1 :~erson 

u -r"•' ,' ~ frdenkel 

: "1.·~, Miiler 

Hubert T. Delany 

Albert C. Dieffenbach 

Robert W. Kenny 

Edward L. Parsons 

Council on African AHairs 

Aiperr,or. D Dlflck . . . '- .. ; -~ ! ) , ~ -. r . 

fZ,_,~~C-J( 1J...;iijt•o 

",·.:! ,;.-, l '"·' Jmr·~ 

Ch:H~rlm~ I( Tobias 

Jane M. Bolin 

Earl B. Dickerson 

John Hammond 

Arthur B. Spingarn 

Robert C. Weaver 

~mert:~ency Civil Liberties Committee 

.ikr~· Hi:: Crane 

Far! fl DickerSon 

r·, -"."' • \V. 'Kenny 

p .:dJing 

Andrew D. Weinberger 

Hubert T. Delany 

John Wesley Dobbs 

Edwin McNeill Poteat 

Guy Emery Shipler 

44 

End Jim Crow In a .. eball Committee 

Algernon D. Black 

John Howland Lathrop 

Eleanor Roosevrll 

Oscar Hammerstein, II 

C. B. Powell 

Channing H. Tobias 

International Labor Defense 

Roger N. Baldwin 

Roscoe Dunjee 

Frank P. Graham 

William Lloyd Imes 

John Howland Lathrop 

Arthur J. Mandell 

George L. Paine 

A. Philip Randolph 

Channing H. Tobias 

Earl B. Dickerson 

Osmond K. Fraenkel 

Oscar Hammerstein, II 

Robert W. Kenny 

Archiba1d MacLeish 

Benjamin E. Mays 

C. B. Powell 

Lillian Smith 

Ruth Weyand 

Notional Committee to Abolish the Poll Tox 

Rufus E. Clement Channing H. Tobias 

Frank P. Graham Harry Emerson Fosdick 

Mordecai W. Johnson Henry W. Hobson 

G. Bromley Oxnam Robert W. Kenny 

A. Philip Randolph Edward L Parsons 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

National Federation for Constitutional Liberties 

Algernon D. Black 

Rufus E. Clement 

Henry Hitt Crane 

Osmond K. Fraenkel 

Frank P. Graham 

S. Ralph Harlow 

Henry W. Hobson 

Carl B. Johnson 

Freda Kirchwey 

Max Lerner 

Arthur J. Mandell 

James J. McCJendon 

G. Bromley Oxnam 

Edward L. Parsons 

Sidney R. Redmond 

Arthur B. Spingam 

Willard S. Townsend 

Van Wyck Brooks 

Albert Sprague Coolidge 

Bartley Crum 

Uoyd Garrison 

Harry J. Greene 

Harrison Hires 

William Lloyd Imes 

MordecaiW. Johnson 

John Howland Lathrop 

Alfred Baker Lewis 

Benjamin E. Mays 

Karl A. Menninger 

George L. Paine 

Edwin McNeill Poteat 

Guy Emery Shipler 

Channing H. Tobias 

James H. Wolfe 

National Negro Congress 

Mrs. Ernest Alexander 

Ralph J. Bunche 

H. Claude Hudson 

Robert W. Kenny 

Loren Miller 

Henry Lee Moon 

Tarea H. Pittman 

Louis L. Redding 

Norman Thomas 

W. J. Willis 

Jane M. Bolin 

Earl B. Dickerson 

Sidney A. Jones. Jr. 

Alfred Baker Lewis 

L. Pearl Mitcbeii 

T. G. Nutter 

A. Philip Randolph 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

J. M. Tinsley 

Robert C. Weaver 
Southern Conference Educational fund 

Albert 1!. Barnett 

Rufus E. Cement 

John Wesley Dobbs 

Roland B. Gittellobo 

John Hammoad 

Westley W. Law 

C. Herbert Manhall 

James M. Nabrit.Jr. 

T. G. Nutter 

Louis L. Redding 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

C. Allltln Wbittier 

Daisy Batel 

l!a>-1 B. Dickenon 

RoscoeDuajee 

Amos T. Hall 

Mordecai W. Johmon 

Arthur J. MaDdell 

Benjamin E. Mays 

Reinhold Niebubr 

Harry T. Penn 

Frederick E. Reissig 

W. J. Walls 

Southern Conference for Human Welfare 

Rufus E. Qement 

Roscoe Dunjee 

Jamt"S Hinton 

FredJJ: K.irchwey 

A. Philip Randolph 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

~:t:pl;:::-; t..:•ll :,puuswood 

John Wesley Dobbs 

Frank P. Graham 

Mordecai W. Johnson 

Bcajamin E.. Mays 

Frederick E. Reissig 

Lillian Smith 

Channing H. Tobias 

Southern Negro Youth Congress 

Ruful'i E. Clement 

Oscar Hammentcin, II 

A. Philip Randolph 

A!"'f~·~,. D S"J.c,.~s 

Roscoe Dunjet 

Mordecai W. Johnson 

Eleanor Roosevelt 

J. M. Titt..sley 

Testimonial Dinner in Honor of Ferdinand C. Smith 

Hubert T. Delany Robert C. Weaver 

Fred a Kircbwey Roscoe Dunjee 

Channing H. Tobias Myles A. Paige 

Willard S. Townsend 

Benjamin P.. Mays 

Robert W. Kenny 

W. E. B. DuBois Testimonial Sponsoring Committee 

Van Wyck Brooks 

Henry lUt Crane 

Ro~.coe Dun}ce 

8en1amio E. Mays 

n t.Zlt:, id.: E. Rei'Ssjg 

James H. Wolfe 

W. Mootague Cobb 

Earl B. Dick.enon 

)&ordeaU W.Jobn.on 

George L. PaiDe 

W. I. Walls 
Published by 

GEORGIA COMMISSION ON EDUCATION 

220 AGRICULTURE BUILDING 

19 HUNTER STREET, S. W. 

ATLANTA 3, GA. 
. ;· '' . -.. ,. 

.. ,-:. .. 

~ ·.· ... •' 

--~-----.:... ---

I - ' ___ -.·-.<.----,:·-, :-·~:..;~ 

-(--~~~ ~-~~~·_:- --~~~~;~--_·jr·~--

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52 ,_. ,"·: .. ( 

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·'' ·. ,· 

October 2, 1958 

4- J/' 

r·' '") - - ,... ./ 

Your letter postaarked September 26, 1958, with its enclosures, bas been received and the aotive 

which prompted your communication is appreciated. 

In the event you secure any additional 

data which you believe to be of interest to this 

Bureau, you aay desire to communicate directly with 

the Special Agent in Charge of our Memphis Office 

located at 1104 Sterick Building, Memphis 3, Tennessee. · (""7:MA':':I~~EO:':'_~l-1' - .. 

OCT 2 -1958 Sincerely yours, 

C0MM·F81 

John Edgar Hoover 

DiJ:"ector ~ · _ 

1 - rtemphis <Enclosure> ALL INFORMATION COWI"Al.U:ED~ 

HEREI~~~~LASSI~ , f\OTE TO SAC. HErWHIS: DATE BY ~ 

Enclosed is a copy of correspondent's .f7tf . comnunication. Bufilcs reflect that correspondent ~ - wrote to the Bureau on 3-21-52 in a vague and nonsp~ific 

manner advising l1e would write again to the llureau. -,--

The receipt of his letter was acknowledged and he 

was requested to contact your office if he had any 

infomation within the 'llureau~s,jurisdiction. · Copies of this correspondence were furm.stwf your office. 

~7C- a,~bcf\OTE TO SAC ~~I~lJEO,iqN PAGE 2) jfrir' , .. ers' , t.,(l iitr "''IIJ 'ft r.I'A. i . ()-~ ~) (S~E NOTE ON YELLQ'!iSaAGE 2) fll'\'' · , {Cff 

MAlL ROOM D .J), . 60 OCT 9 l~ ~ ( 

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. :'.~r:~_7·~~-,-.-;"-:~ :--· 

.. 

' . . . ~ ·-· . 

· -' · Corresponde enclosed with his letter· a ·' ()' .. t' · 

copy ?f the _pall!P_hl~ 1 "~o,t:nnunis_m and the NAACP" which , ... , .>-

contaIns testimony resented oy Dr. J. 'B. lola thews · · ' . · · 

at a public hearin~ of the Florida Legislation . . . - . .-, ._· 

Investigation ~ommittee at Tallahassee, Florida, on · ·, 2-10-58. The p~phlet bears a notation that it is __ ·: · 

published by the~or~ia.Commission~n Education, 220 Agriculture BU ding, 19 Hunter Street, Southwest, Atlanta 3, Georgia. The pamphlet -deUs pnmarily - , · 

with CP programs reg rding the "~egrb question: CP program to infiltrate noncommunist organizations and various er satellite organizations "launched · · 

by the Communist Party especially for Negroes.•. It further indicates that wl1ile the N:.ACP "is not a 

conu:runist front" the leaders of the NAACP "taken as ·· 

a whole, have been extraordinarily soft towards · 

the conmunist conspiracy." (105-52615) 
r~ .. -... ~. 

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ASHEVILLE, N.C. 

Decenber 23,1958 

. r. J. Edg<lr Eoover, 

?e6errl Bureau of Investigation, 

Washington, D.C. 

Dec:.r Lr. Eoover:- ·a 

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A publication entitled "Highlander Folk School" 

l·.rs reeched my desk. It was sent out by tne-DeorgT'a ComrussHlii 

on Education, Atlanta, and discusses what it calls tl1e Coi!L~mnist 

tr2inin~ school at I~nteagle, Tenn. 

If there is such a com~unist undertaking there, 

1 

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j_t ls a matter of public concern. I join in that concern. ,~'~_/,f . 

This is to inquire if you have any specific )f the school. I'd appreciate pearin~ from you, 

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\lith thanks and the gooci wishes of the seeson, 

Sincerely yours, 

REC- 22 

fD JAN 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion, 

/ . <7c__, ~ Deleted under exemption(s) _vt) __ ___________ _ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party witl1 no refprem·c to you or the subject of your request. 

0 infonnation pertained oniy to a third part\. Your namf' is iistc·d in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with th£:' following gow·rnnwnt agencv(ies). 

__ , wai--/wt>n· forwarded to thC'm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following governmc·nt agE•ncy(i£>s); 

__________ a~ thC' infom1ation originated with them. You will 

he ud-.·iscd of availability upon return of th(' matenal to the• FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following rc•asonls): 

-------------

D ·For your information: 

~~fo)lowing number is to be used for reference regarding th('se pages: / _ -•7 ~'I _ ') 7 ,.., _1Q_! f --' I - " ...;;,) I --- I - -

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i~~~s·t 

Mr. J • Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS U~·JCLASSIFIED ~ 

DAT~ J\"'\~t BY <IPGI3l~ cJ4-

Washington, D.C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover, 

I have just finished reading your great book, ~ters ofJ9eceit, and feel that my 

ccr~ratulations to you on your wonderful work are long overdue.You and your organi-

· zation are our greatest assest in our fight on communiSII. I am greatly dis:INrbed by 

""""t·" taking place all O'ller our country and particularly in Alabama. 

The northern liberals have made the situation in Montgomery a cause celeb8e and 

Martin Luther King andther Gh~di. The people there have been extremely tolerant of 

his ~ctivities and the restraint that most of them have shown is to be admired. The 

situation here in the South is fast becoming intolerab~e and the ones of us who have 

1\lf~~ alw-dys considered ourselves moderates and have tried to help the negro progress (in 

'·, .· ' 

~-~- ~ 

·--~~ \ --: . __ , 

~~~~:g 

the framework of his own society) are becoming alarmed• 

;.· last year I received a copy or a set 

of pictures made by &,Photographer from Georgia who went to the Labor Day weekend work-

,.-" shop at the notorious Hit;hlander Folk Sch_ool at Monteagle. I &Ill sure you have •~PY 

of the same report which was sent to me by the Attorney General of Alabama. ~e i', . 

-.~::roes, or most of them, who have been leade\ in the racial troubles here, were there/):: 

I P.os~ks or the Montgomery bus ~oycott, M.t~, Gomillion of Tuskegee Institute, and{.(.. 

r.~';: was sitting next to Abn~ry. Peopl~~ound to take on the color /)o~ t~~i~ l 

.ri'sociates and in this case it is decidedly red& (/ / ..- '7~~- !/ _. d c· ~· l .. ·· --- !. 

There are very few people in the Unite~tes who have any idea what the Hi.gh- ~ 

lander Folk School is or what it is doing.1!ie north:rn 1te!A~~~ their rabid desire ; 

for the negro vote have evidently overlooked the red influence in the negro 1110vement o~ . l 

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I have been told by a reliable county official at Tuskegee that out of the known communists in Alabama, about two-thirds of them are at the Institute. I am sure that you know 

the correct figures but it is distressing to know that communist doctrine is being taug)t 

to the colored youth of~state. ~ The Institute is the darling of the liberals as well as the 

NAACP, and they and the northern press attackJVthe South tor our stand on integration on 

one hand while they cover up their own racial faults with the other. 

~'y frustration knows no bounds when I see communism creeping so cleverly into every 

facet of our lives and people so indifferent ... _.,~mcgg.m•~.W~iilf~me~ to it or so ignorant. 

Again, my congratulations to you tor your excellent work in trying to edtcae our people 

to Ute dangers of subversion. 

Sincerely, 

. --"-·-~ w_~·:r:;-~_,~:-?~-_::7~:~~~-;;_~--~\Y!fJFf?!f::'\::re-~??]j-~~~2(!]7!)?~::~;_0:~_:;;~:,s; .. }:,~-T~---:~~-~~~-;~--~:?~-·-:·-, - - '; -._.;.. . 

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CONFlBEfniAr' 

CQJ--r!_'j-: -,,,. JanuUJ 1, 1958 . r . -- , . . ., r" . . . ·' n ..~~;; . .C/ A!ot !'''\"!'~:u .. .,.•.f" '""!I"'A!n=l '-I- 76 .1.1,. (lif 3 IEi'!:'"J'''c:.· .. '>'lF~ 1£1 FXCC:FT w:.;:::!U:: SHOW~ 

'OJ;H.ERV/.iS&o. .-·· 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN \S~~CLASSIFIED · ~ DATE J ,;~. BY&~6T \~' C}<USJd- I 

~---' 
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·._,,_· . ' - .. ' :. '· • J •• ••• 

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··•·• • :; ·-""";". . f- / ~~!TED s· ___ l t<>NinJ,ik - ~lr;f~ii ' ~ffi:e D~: FBI l-:.:,. ; ~h~ ;;c, KNOXVILLE • (61·12) 

DATE: 1/23/59 ·- • . -, . " -' ·:.~. 

'::. 

'~~ SUBJBCT· HIGHLANDER FOLK SCII>OL '.- ·· 

~~~~::ri1~ . IS - C ~-

~::~~::{;;:_~-~- -:!{· " The Knoxvilie Office received tbrough the mail- ~he l.i'':-~C,·f;~"'"l ~closed literature whi~c descr~ed as follows: 

. · ' ' · IP./'Itv' 

l

-_ -r-"· .. - ·. _: Letter dated Jan y 195~.--a'adt essep to "Dear Friend" :--• --:r.~~ -- , and signed MYLE RTON, with a 3 X 5 card for 

,~~~ _t'\, soliciting of fu' Cl.s. for the Highlander Folk School 

:;~: ·: ., _..>.=-;,. I '.; • A Highlander report dated 10/1/57 to 9/30/58 · .. _.,. ' .. ~ .. ,~"{ .,.~ 

.~: -~-~:~ ._:~-:.:.~~:~ . ~; 

Bureau. 

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The above is being furnished for the information of the 

• 

_,. ... 

). . 

. .. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED .. : 

HEREm IS UNCt ASSlfJI:'D . ~ DATE cJ)c?-/'3~ BY sP'f{fflj - 2) d4S <9--

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EI\-'1U2 

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13 JAN 26 1959 

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-HI flli L-AN LK SC-IiUUL 

MONTEAGLE TENNESSEE 

January, 1959 

Dear Friend: 

Mrs. Mary Davis has been calling every day about a Literacy and 

Citizenship School for her people. On three of the Sea Islands other 

Highlander students are giving guidance to their neighbors in reading 

so they can qualify for voting in South Carolina. Similar appeals 

repeatedly come from Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. 

The people who turn to Highlander after doing what they can to 

help themselves, would turn directly to you if you were known to them. 

We have gone as far as we can, gladly foregoing salaries when 

necessary, and must pass these requests on to you. 

We are calling on you to do a very special job which only you can 

do. One of the foundations which has made generous grants for tbe past 

six years has about exhausted its resources and we are faced with the 

immediate and urgent need of making up this loss or curtailing a 

program that should be expanded. 

One supporter has asked fifty personal friends to contribute. He 

signed and sent out in his own envelope a letter we mimeographed, a 

piece of Highlander literature, and a business reply envelope addressed 

to Highlander. On most of the letters he added a personal note affirming his own support and expressing the hope that they would join him. 

Contributions from his friends came directly to the School and were 

acknowledged by us. others learning of this plan asked for letters and 

enclosures, and their friends are also responding. 

If you will do likewise, our loss can be replaced with individual 

contributions. Every dollar received can be used directly for 

education, since thanks to you there will be practically no fund 

raising costs. 

This we know is not an ordinary request but these are not ordinary 

times here in the South, and after all your friends might welcome an 

invitation to share in your and our efforts. Let us know on the 

enclosed card how many letters you can use. We must tell Mrs. Davis 

something soon. 

Sincerely yours, _/-I)...... 

E~_CHED --1ND£XED -- h ~IED-FILID __ _ 

JAN211959 
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1932 HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

Monteagle, Tennessee 

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1959 

- """' I can use _____ letters and enclosures to be sent t 

friends, 

I am enclosing $. __ _ 

pledging $ _____ _ for the work of Highlander, 

I am enclosing $ to cover cost ~f mailing 

announcements and reports. 

(Contributions are tax exempt,) 

.• 

Signed=--------------------

Address=-----------------------------------------

Send Highlander Annual Report to: (use other side) 

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October 1, 1957 - September 30, 1958 

26th ANNUAL REPORT 

Highlander Folk School- Monteagle, Tennessee 

-® 

"A Young Man Came to 

Our Mountain ••• " 

May justus, Trustee of Highlander Folk School, 

author of 38 children's books of life and legends in the 

"-- .-.l:;· Mountains, th'! Jate~t of which is LET'S 

PLAY AND SING, published by Broadway Press, Nash· 

ville, ~ also a teacher and honored civic leader. Miss 

justus lives in the community of Summer£.eld in which 

the Hig~landcr Folk School is located. Last Spring, the 

cnildren and teachers of Summerfield School dedicated 

thm annual to May Justus, ''who is loved and cherished 

uy aiJ v.nu know her." 

In :ntroducing Mrs. Eleanor RQOII('velt to people who 

bd gathered at H1ghlander from many eouthern states 

'" hnr the former first lady in june, 1958, Miss Justus s .. uJ: 

'"\\' <' wckome to our mountain top today a person 

·-··ho comes w us not as a stranger but as a friend ... 

Thts fri.:ndsh1p goes back to the time of the great de· 

nr,-.ssmn wheO Mrs. Roosevelt and her husband were in 

~~:..: \\.'h1t~ House and when the New Deal wa.s help and 

!1c_t;.: tc u~ V./ e:. happened to be one of the poortst 

counties in Tennessee in a material way, and we, who 

a.re older, remember those days and the blessings that 

t<~mc to us through Mr. Roosevelt's New Deal . . . I 

""' ~~~~t .3Urt:. how many years ago or just a.t what point 

1:-, the histol}' of Highlander that Mr.s. Roosevdt met 

.ll..f~·l<"S Horton. but I know that it was in the early days 

"f it~ ••nt_e;!!ll". 1t was while Mr. ~velt waa getting 

1 · .,_.,,. n,,l •m&l"'o\'ay that a young man came to our 

mountain who had dedicated his life to the proposition 

that all men should be free and equal in opportunity 

:·._· urdkss of race or color or creed. He dedicated this 

~-:h'Xll to this purpose 

TENNESSEE'S OWN MAY JUSnJS 

Mtle• HC»":on., HL,:.ta:u:ler'• founder and direc:tor, pboto;:raphed durin& Workshop Snsion, 

-~ 
What Do They Mean When They Talk About Segregation?" 

HdlT}' Golden, humorist, Editor of the Ct:l'l'o· 

1a lsra.ehu. and author of ONLY IN AMER· 

·;A of current best-seller fame, described to 

ighlandcr"s June Workshop participants his 

JOLDEN RULES" for ending segregation 

eluding his "vertical plan," his .. white-baby 

an·· and his ··out-of-order plan." Amidst 

ughtcr and applause for his wit and satire, he 

:il\•ercd this serious message: 

'"\Vh.at do they mean when they talk al::out 

CJal segr.:.gation? Do }'OU think they mean a 

egro child going or not going to a white 

hool? Nonsense. Nonsense. . It means, 

y friends, death. D·E·A·T·H. That is what 

means. Nine Negro women die in childbirth 

, the South to every one whitt woman who 

es in childbirth. That is what segregation 

eans .. It means death. These are the au· 

. .:m:.: ii&:..:rc:..: tubcrculoSlS which is 11th as a 

.use of death among the whites is second as a 

~usc of death among the Negroes. That is what 

A "MARK TWAIN"' AT HIGHLANDER 

means. Racial segregation! Do you know 

.hat an evil that is? It involves death; it in· 

>lves people who die when they shouldn't be 

ring. That is what radal segregation is. Don't 

t them k1d you about the social classes. The 

'egro is not intruding when he moves into a 

:tter ne1ghborhood. He is escaping; he is 

.caping from death." 

"I, TOO, WILL SAY THAT THIS WAS A GREAT EXPERIENCE TO BE AT 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL-SOMETHING I WILL AT.WAYS CHERISH 

AND HOLD DEAR. IT IS A VERY GREAT PRIVILEGE TO BE HERE,"' said 

Harry Golden, ahown 1puking to a Highlander audien« which he held in rapt attention 

lor an hour and 25 minuua. 

MRS. SEPTIMA CLARK. Hishlander"a Director of Eduation, pittured au.ted, introduced Editor Golden. 

dt to right: Fulbright Scholar Franci1 Mani11, Chainnan of the Panel 

i~CU6j;ivn; Mr. Alcundcr Bannerman, Ghana; MiN VW>lainc Junod, Union 

South Afncii; M1H Sunthonc Bilavarn, lao11; Miu Nina Mangravitt, 

"So Many Interesting People 

in One Place" 

The United States Department of Sute .ent foreign 

~itors to Highlander in May to learn of the American 

<~Y·of·lifz. H1ghlander presented in panel discussion: Mr. 

lexander Bannerman, Supervieor of Presbyterian Schools, 

l:an~.; Mk~ Sunthone Bilavarn, AS!iistant Welfare Director, 

Hl~; <~nd, under the awpices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, 

!iss Violaine Junod, Union of South Afric<~.. Later, a 

siting professor from India spoke to workshop participants. 

Highlander wa~ ~Pf-_.10 entertain at various times vis· 

Jr.; from England:--m~- Uttm Holland who were lltudying 

lucational methods emptayed in America, the function of 

_--;lith ;:m' wdfare agencies, and the work of community 

~anhations, including 4·H Clubs. From the Netherlands 

1m:= a staff member of Volk!hogenachool "Allardsoog" 

>undcd the Nme year ;u Highl<~.nder Folk School, each 

founded independently of the other, but both schools growing out of the: needs of the people. In the Netherlands,· 

people sometimes refer to "Ailardsoog" as the "Highlander 

of Holland" or to Highlander as the ""Ailardsoog.. cf 

America. 

Writing later through her interpreter, one foreign visitor 

aaid, "We both enjoyed our visit so much, and neither of 

us can remember wben we've seen so many intere!ting 

people in one place!" 

Other Visitors 

Amongst the steady flow of visitors to Highlander came 

the Putney Graduate School students as they studied the 

South. Problems of integration, rural electrification, conrer· 

vation of natural and human resources are concerns of these 

students, on which Highlander helps to shed light. 

National Leaders Commend Highlander • • • 

Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr, M11gr. John O'Grady, Uoyd K. Garn· wn, and Mn:. Eleanor RIJ'08Cvdt iuued a ltaft'mcnt on Dec,-mbcr 

18, 1957, wndcmning the attempts of Georf!ia·~ Governor Gnffin, 

''to draw from tht kriou~ and fruitful deliberation~ of Hi!!hlafldcr·~ 

15th Annivenary Cclcbr~tion austenance for the effort~ of the 

Southern ra:illt~ to cqu~te dc~egrcgation with communiam," and 

calltd on Amtric~ns, "to join with u~ in IIUb&e:ribinR to tht princi· 

plc5 of dcmocr~cy let forth in Highl~ndcr'11 offic1~l 5tattmcnt of 

policy." 

,-.,c Reverend Wi11iam }. Faulkner, Minister of The ConJ:rC· 

gational Church of Pnk Manor, Chiago. Ill .• welcomed Mylu 

Horton and Mn. Septima Clark to his pulpit in July where thty 

•poke on "'Ch~stianity in Action." In thanking the Church'5 Social 

Action Counal for arranginR the program, the Church bulletin 

said, "ThcK two dedicated. wiK and courajtCOUII 1piriU arc in them· 

telvu proponcnu of Chri1banity In .Action in our Southland, 

where it often cotU onc'1 job, and &ometimce his lilc to be 

Chriltian in raa:-rdatioM.." 
.. 'Conspicuously Integrated'' .,. 

"'The ~h<~.de of doun~ of tall trees contnb· :d to the buut)' of the seem:• Mrs. 

.o~evcit made a ~implc, friendly address .e audience li~tened in perfect silence, even 

: chiidrcn ~eemed never to move or utter a ~ud . . :· - Zcl!a Arnntrong, Hamilton 

.umy. Hlito·.i&n, a• quoted frow.tht ...Ch.!~.U4•. 

oga ]\c~<-•s-Fru p.,cu. The headline abo .. ·e 

~ picture JS quoted from the same new~papcr. 

A SE U:S OF WORKSHOPS ON CITI· !NSHIP AND INTEGRATION, confer· 

ces, and spc-c1al programs were highlighted 

the visit in June of Mn. Elnnor Roo~vtlt 

,10, 6peakmg to a gathermg of some 300 peo· 

: from almo&t every southern ~tate, appulcd American~ to pro,·c to the v.or!d lhat Democ· 

:y is a way c-f life v.hid'1 benciits all people, d praJ~('d Hi11:hlandcr for making this Dcm· 

.SfrO.IIVTI of Dcn.ocroo<)· 

In No,., m be r, the TH . .-.NKSGIVING 

CRK~!-':Of ~~cu::ht :q:crhrr 71 'rar~nt~ and 

denu from newly mtegu.ted southern iChools. 

THE MI!\ISTERS WORKSHOP, in De· 

mhtr, heard Dr. Enrett T1hon, Vandtrbl1t 

vm1ty Schvo!, g"·~ a lecture ba~d on his 

ok, Stpt~.J:wn ,;md 'Tht B•bk Mmi~ten 

d a grour of tfleoloJ!Kal ~todem~. pn:parmg 

~ the Jn!r:i tn ill the South, came to grips 

th thn ~·.t.-.! ct!.i~a! problem dominating the 

othern ~cent tod•y: ~~~regatmn. 

Southerr. ]o:;.cien and the Highlandu Esecu· 

·e Council planned, in January. the aerie~ of 

·oR~SHQfS ('I!' CITIZENSHIP AND IN· 

L:GRATION which followed in the spring and 

mm~r. 

In Mar~h. >-OCial worker. met .,.ith Alice ~bb. Duector of SocJo]oJ!~ and Rural Work, 

a~~!tt Collq:t, and With H•,c:h1~nder Stall to 

an progr'lrr lor people workin~t: with wcial 

enc~oe~ a.nd m community or,aniUtlons in the 

n.:th 

.A.h(· ;,., M•rrh rh .. fifth annual COLLEGE 

"EEK-E\:0 \\'QR.KSHOP d1•cm~ed .:·Build· 

~ -...o~ ... , •· ~·uu_,_,,. 1J ,,_.: •"·~~I.,Uvll, 

COMMUNITY SERVICE AND SEGRE· 

ATION wa! d1~cu~!-td in the M~y Workshop. 

·ofe·~vr Frand• M.omis. Fulbrij::"ht Scholar, and 

~~- Sert1ma Clark, Hl~t:hlander·~ Director of 

iucatio-n. wc1t cu·chairmen of thi6 meetinR. 

The june V.'orbhor, with emphasis on 

EGISTERING AND VOTING brought to-

·Lher 60 re~ident pilrticipant~ from ltvtn !lOuth· 

n •Utes. 

1h~ ju!1· \\'UkKSH0P ON COMMUNITY 

E\'tLOf'1-:E~T dn:••• pc.:.t'lc !rom Charle$ton 

1d from the fed 1~iand~ oft the coa~ts of South 

arolma, and from Tenneuee ~~eelr.ing and of• rif,g \';ay~ of worlcing together to bui1d a 

ommu!lity to meet the need~ of it~ people. 

Adult fummer ~ehool itudrnts from Tuskegee 

·~t••ure mer in wed(·end KM'ion at Highlander 

."'-.u~:ust U:'ldu the leadenhip of Mr. C. G. 

omillion. 

i.: .. 

A Demonstration of Democracy 

""You are doing a pioneer worlr. here. I know of no oth~r Khool JUH lilr.e tbiE one .. It ia very important at this time that th1s demonstr.1.t1oon of democr.1.cy bt made 

We h•vE to prove we believe in a non•Communi&t world th.1.t ia really a democacy, with freedom of opportunity." 

-Mn. Elunor Roo&evelt •ptilking at Highlander, June 17, 1958 

PercolAtor or Drip! 

• In September, Dr. Lewis Jone! of Tuskegee, 

chairing a mectmg on HUMAN ASPECTS OF 

POPUJ..ATION SHIFTS, auggened that the 

emphouis be placed not on migrant& u problems but on the problems of migrants. 

Many tho1.uands of persons both Nq-ro and 

wh1te are pulling up atalr.e& and moving to vut 

u;ban center~ w•thout preparation. What north· 

e.n JOnrnali~ts ~11 ''clo1:nnisbne"" g;rowi out of 

a nee!l tor personal acceptanc~ and companion· 

sh1p. r.eporting on this meeting to the National 

Conf~rence of C.tbolic Charities, Mylu Horton Wd; 

•·w~ should not seek to impme our unfamil· iar innitutional ways but instead thould encour• 

~..,peopie.JD..ilJ4.~ owq ~of doin1 thmgs . . . To develop lay lndenhip cl05t to t<~t people will make it poNiblc for people 

thtm5tiVt5 to assume responsibility in 10lving 

their own problems. To borrow an uample 

from our morning coffee pot, the percolator, 

rather than th~ drip method, will enoo1,1r~ge 

ideas to circulate from bottom to top and top 

to bottom in.,:.tud of coming from the top down.' 

Of the 657 people * * who * participated in the 1958 worksbops and confer~ncts, 259 were 

Negro and 398 whitt. A majority of the Work• 

stlup participant& wer~ N~gro community lu.d· 

en. 1\ii but i:S persons (approstmatdy ;%-; were r~sidenu of the South. 

Extcn&lon PTogram * * * • A WORKSHOP ON REGISTERING AND VOTING for Charleston County, S. C., was 

planned and c;~rned 9\!t in !kptem~r by f9r• 

mer Highlander workshop paniopants from th.1.t 

arn w1th the a~Sistanct of Mrs. Clark, High• 

l.1.nder'• Director of Education. From an bst Tennessee rural community came visitors whom the South Carohn1an workshop organiz.en had 

met when both groups participated in High· 

lander'& July Worbhop on Community In· 

velopment. 

• JOHNS ISLAND UTERJ\CY SCHOOL completed it~ term in February with a cere· 

mony awarding certi6catea to ttudents 10me of whum, even over the age of 60, had learned w read and write, conduct their own buaintA 

olfl'aiu, and qualify w vote under the inHruc• 

tion of HighJander Staff Member, MiA Bernice 

Robin10n of Charle1ton. Pictured below is the 

johns isiand Schooi in KAion. Requuts fot additional literacy achools from nearby Ylanda 

have been received by Highlander. 

Fun and Friendship 

Dr. Van Kennedy, University of California 

Profu10r, and Mrs. Kennedy, teacher in child• 

parent relationships, directed three weeh of happy. healthy, interracial, outdoor camping for 

young~ten, age 9 through 13. Mr. and Mrs. 

~;~:~c~~jf;;~~d~:!~~i~~~t.,~";k:~md~~~;.!oM~~~ 

ico, directed the work·count.tlor training program, for young men .1.nd women dtdicat~d to 

making a contribution to the South in this time 

of great need. 

"I do want to emphasi:r.e," wrote one parent 

of camp~n. "what an esc:f.tional job we feel 

;.!1 nf you fell:.~ de ;t •• :igh!;nd::r ... The 1ignificanc~ of race instinctively changes from 

THE FACT OF THE MATTER to A MAT· TER OF FACT in your bc.1.utiful atmosphere 

where ideals are a living norm . . ." 

HARRY LASKER MEMORIAL LIBRARY 

CELEBRATION in September culminated a 

~ummer'1 work of cataloguing by MiM Jenelle 

Elder, who will return to Highlander next sum• 

mer after a winter of j!:r.1.duate work at Atlant.1. University's School of Library Service, MW. 

Elder worlttd undtf the guidi.net: of Mf, Riclii.rd C,;:r,.,, Kr • .:.::;;;:i!!~ Cclh:g.: U'br;o:i;o:;.. 

Also among Highlander's penonnel were Miss 

Clara · Browh, graduate of . Allen University in 

Columbia, S. C., MiH Fehcla Harris, who obtained her degree from Kno:~:ville College and 

Min Judith Gregory, who, after a year and a 

h.1.lf of Jraduate work in the Woodrow W1lson 

Department of. Foreign Aiiain at the University 

of YJrfi!:ima, jomed the 5tolll of the Putney Gr.1.d· 

uatt School prior to coming to Highlander. 

Mik.ii Fowlkes Marlowe. pictured right in the hbrary scene above, a native of Arkansas, be• 

~me the School Manager. Mikii and J. D. 

Marlowe with their year old 10n, Joey, have 

~~enled on an adJoining farm. 
Highlander Committees 

41 Work 

loyal fril'!ld, and Chairman of the High• iimdcr Ph1ladrlphia Committte, Mn. Alice K. , Li\·eright du:d m March. In hn mtmory, Mr. 

A. I. Livnight, hu hu~band, and other mcm· ~n of her f;.•nily and friends an: aending 

;ontnbutlon~ to H>ghlander. 

• • • lMtud of the annu;;l Spring Meeting, the 

'New York Htt!hb.nder Committee held a &eries 

)f parties in homes. Mrs. Septima P. Cluk, 

Highlander's D1rector of Education, told about :he work of the School. In Dtctmbu, Dr. John 

B. Thompron ~poke at a meeting arranged by 

he New York Committee, on behalf of the ]u.uanton·for·HiFhlander Plan. 

• • • In Yhfornia, there are two Highlander Com· 11ittee~ in the Bay Arta. One in Palo Alto 

s hu.ded by Mrs. Josephine Duveneo;k; the 

)the~. in Berkeley. is he;o.ded by Mn. Beth Kennedy. 

In a leaflet put out by the Berkelef Com· nittee, Dr. Alexander Me1lr.lejohn, one o .Amer• .:a's grut educators, nid, 

"1!ar.y years a~o one of my wiw:st friend&, 11 

~~~~~~ei~ ~~-"::~~~!~~ ~~~~~it.d ina t[~e:~:d!; ~~; "'i\Ve our principles in public and then waive 

:hem in private. I adm1re Highlander because t i& trying to point the way toward the cor· -.. rrl"l.' <'( th~• <r-m~1 drl•,ouency of ouu as we 

,.~;: or e,-,.ue <.:1m~un1e~ n' home and abroad." 

• • The Ch1cagu Hi):hi.mdcr Committee held 

~•rtk~ and rneetint!~ throughout the year to 

:xp•r.d H1p.hl•ndcr's circle of friends and con· ribuwn and tu e~i1st new Guarantors for 

:i·~l,iandcr Dear. B. R. Erncal, Chairman of 

ht H1g:hl~ndn E~cn'tiH Council, &poke at a 

nec:ml! at whkh a rc?Ott v.:a~ made to the 

' -~to·" • -Jul.'~''-''-"' .,,J Gu .. rantou. 

nd;ans Yearn lor Education 

Myle~ Horton i!\troduce~ Chid Horace Rid· ught of the Cho.:taw Nation to Mrs. FDR . i:h •. ,·he:;:-:-. t1-.cy ::!icc:~.•~ c::!u=-tioni.l needs of 

o.: ~.::;.-~.~.~ri l:d;;.r.~ 

H·-hli1'1der's QWn lndi~n Markingfi on the 

• ~:<Jrc.i uonc rorch of the main bul1dinp:, -I.· -·' b·~ i''~-c~ . .-r -~,~~ by Univcnity of 

··~1-,r~lN"I''' "r~t photographed re· 

t·, " ::-,,,_,t,.,.,,,,.,:- ;nHitUte re~earcher. 

Financial Statement 

!ummary 

"H•~·•lAnde:c Folk School ended the fiKal year September 30, 1958, with an oper• 

.::'.c.' :\··c;: .f ~:''16!iH. TotalRe· 

;~ ~ 5114.2i9.86a.nd 

ex. Ctl'~' for t:->e ~e"r ••1eu· Sii,397.43. 

(slgned) '"Harry V. Herrell 

C:-rtifi.::~ l'ul•li.: Accountant Tennrsr.ce Ceruliute #11,7." 

Pnt ot thl~ vea.r·~ income wu u~ed to 

m~ke up last year\ deficit. A complete ,;_ -~r.,, ·~~·r.-~~· ... ;u be mailed upon 

Lilian W. Johnson Memorial 

Highlander gutefully accepta the Li1ian W. 

Johnson Mm~orial Cabin purchaM:d by fundi 

eonuibuted by friends of Dr. ]ohnaon and money lift to the Schoo1 in her will. One of 

the South·, great women pionun in edup.tiou.l 

fields, a founder of one college and prnident of 

another, Dr .. John60n in 1932 turned ovc:r to 

Myles Horton her mountain·top home which 

today eerves as the main building of Highlilnder 

Folk School. At the age of 90, Dr. Johnson 

wrote from Bradenton, Floridil, Aying, "What 

Highlilnder did for me was to acr;ustom me to 

an-ociation with people of il clau and a race I had not known before, except as they served me. 

The industrial worker, and the Negro became personalitiu in their own right. 1 aaw beneath 

externalities, and came to have a better under• 

standing of their problems. This new attitude 

has been a great hr:lp to me in the work here 

of organi:;ing our interracial Work for a recrea• 

tiona] program for Negro youth ... It La my 

inspiration and my courage to go forward with this Negro work which I have received from 

Highli~nder ... " 

In tum, people who study at Highlander con• 

tinue to gain inspiration and courage from the 

life and works of Dr. Lilian Wycoff John&On, 

who died in 19'6 at the a1e of 92. 

Community Program 

Aerial view, pictured below, of Highlander 

Follr. School shows the 3 acre lake where people of the community and atudcnu lind enjoy• ment and fellow5hip while fishing, awimming, 

and boating. 

Tax Exemption Restored 

We arc p:lad to announce that on 1Dccember 18, 1957, the. Internal Revenue Service con· firmed iu previoufi ruling that the Highlander 

Follr. School 11 entitled to exemption from Fed• era! income tax and that contributions made to 

Hij!:hlander arc deductible for income tax pur• 

poses. 

Wanted: 1 00 New Guarantors 

FOLK SINGING, t~~ta.blished u a aymbol 

of Highlander by the late Z11phia Horton and 

always a source of inspiration, wu led by Shelby 

Flint and Guy Carawan. Shelby Flint 11/U in· 

vited by workihop participants to lead 1inging 

in Charleston, S. C., and at a Methodist Area 

Conference in Oran~eburl!:, S. C., in late sum· 

mer. Pictured above is Guy Carawan with the 

5 string banjo. an instrument which bad iu origin in the T ennCNU mountains. 

Bigotry Backfires 

While Mrs. ROOKvclt wu telling a High· 

lander audience that "people who arc trying to 

do &Omething new arc very apt to be attacked. Some people hate and fear anything new ... ;· 

Governor Muvin Griffin's •lick·papcr Nnear of 

Hil!:hlandcr Folk School was baclr:firing on T.V. W11iiams, Jr., ita origmator. The follow:inl!: is 

an excerpt from an August 4, 1958, TIME 

MAGAZINE article: 

lklmethlna- euohemlaUcall' called tbe Oeorua Com· ml .. lOII OD EclucaUOD ••• 0111, a Olle--lteaocn.oher It&t<! qeao cb.a~ed .-!th biYel!.tiiiJ &I!.U·IIItecrauoa lawa UPIJI Red~tetk Oover:aor Uanlll Ortfflll decided that n waa .,ea11t for blccer U111111. To 'tbe ~m­

.. ololted oUlce of commLaaLOD eucuun aecretan. be arooolllted aa ambiUOUa. po11um·aha1>ed Atlallt& law,.,r D&llled T. V. tlor Trumao Vei"UII Wllllama .Jr., Jl. William& 10011. mu!Uplled 'tbe coaua.laaiOil. Ntf b7 \all, .,OYed IIIlo r>romlllea.t QU&rtera &CI'OSI &be eh'Ht from the atate c&r>IIOI. Be l&Ui:ed the kclllature lrlto llvlllc him tbe !)OWer of &ubi)Oeaa. r>lena ot m011er lor • dreamr aaaort.me11t of r>rhate- en equ.tpme11t -lODr·lellt camera. wiretap recorder. POCket mlku, etc. -to tleutll 1111 aDJ cltl&e11 &UI· peeled of IIJ&aareellla wltll whlte·tUDrem&eJ docma. P'lt>dllla Oeorcla too amaU for b.ll ambltiOII. be cot autb.orUJ to &r>el:ld tazoaur moocr r>ubllclsillc raclal cOIId!u- &U over lin u. 8. 

Jlammerinl b.ll atoc:li. 1lllc that t11tean.U011 of U.e l'&CCI h • CommUDllt r>lot, Willl&m• felt free so: 

• b:lnde Pcllb.borlllc Te111:enee b' ur~dlllc a &tate r>hotorraoher tllto the Blcblalldu Folk 8ebool at UODteaale. uu the r>leturea of lb !lltearatcd uulona lor & llltlr.•P&J)Cr cll&riC 1200.000 CODlUl tllat It h a "'Commllllilt tn.llllllc cellter." 

• Pu& out 100,000 booltleb &l.,ed at pro"lll.l: lhat N.A.A.C.P. la Red-nm. 

• 8roadcut leaneu reprllltilll &P Amerleall Lecloa &U&ek 011 the llouther:a Re.loll&] Coullcll. reapeet&ble . olt:l-l!lle Atlalll& lllterraclal <!IICJ'. 

• 11:&11 lei&U.Ue li&IIIPbleb Ill IUOliOrt. of ARalll&l' Raeht Oo"er:aor Onal P&ubut &o JO,OOO LltUe Rock voten - the ne ot lbetr IUber:a&&orlal r>rtm&IT • 

e A11J111 bll r>hotocr&r>ber 1.0 tlle&k r>leture, Ill \he Er>latOP&l C&thednl't Ball of 81ahor>t 111 AU&IIt& • .-here r>astor1 &lid tburch ladLes cathcnd for an llltelrated meeUIII of the Oeorlla Coulltll of Cllurebu. 

T. V. WUllama ~r. rode bleb. aod hard u.nUl till• mollth. alld then be &WUIII' the raned blade of bllotrr aralmt the wro111 peor>le: Oeorlfl& IIOUIJtl&lu; •• 8uddeolr Attomer Oeller&l Eucer>e Coot. 1111Ul t11e11 &II &Dr>rovlurb tiiCDt member of the -c:ommii- POII board. lbre&telled U1 tllveaiJUIJOII of T. V. Wlllla.,, .Jr. IUiod all b.ll work&. L&at •eel: Wllllaan ... a~. ....... . 

1959 Worklhop& have already ~n ~eheduled on Ca.mpu1 Leadership for In· 

tegration (April 3·5); Community Serv· 

ice• and Segregation (May 17·29), 

including weekend conference (Mily ll• -4); Registruion and Voting (June 21·6); 

Community Leadeuhip and Integrated 

Housing (July 19·24); Worhhop for 

Foreign Visiton over Labor·Day Week· 

end; and Human A.pcCu of Migration 

(<ktober). 
.· .. . ,.; . . :, . - . . ' . . ' . ., . ' .. 

_-'' .·· . -: :' •' 

. \ 

·~ ·: ., ....... -. 

: .. - ~ _._, ·. ~ ":. 

.. ·.· _ .. -

.-.· ·., __ : .. _.· 

-·· · .. 

- :::.. ·-·. 

., 

Hi1hla Folk Sch(~(HFS~ ha~ been the 

'subject O] past inv~>s ·.gation by the Bureau 

bpsed upon u erous Cl' ·:hints received 

concerninq , o munist a'c :·_vi ties at tt.e &chool. 

HFS is suppo· ed pl'imari ly by donations; offers 

courses of instruction in labor organization, social economics and the general field of labor 

ed11cation• has had communists on its staff;[but 

has never'of1ered courses of instruction on 

communist matters nor has the CP ever succeeded •. --~_ ... ! ______ .._ __ .. -~~ .J ... .., ___ _ .............. ~ •• ~.-

'7 

v 

ln ga1n1nq con1;roJ. u1 1 ·~ U~;;JNI lOti'.! ll\l: 

Knoxville News-Sentinel for 1/29/591 carried local 

news story date-lined Nashville, Tennessee, 1/29/59, under hy-line 

of ED TOPP, News-Sentinel Nashville Correspondent, reporting that 

l

the Tennessee Legislature (Senate and House) on 1/28/59, 

adopted and sent to the Governor a joint resolution directing 

him to name a committee o:f :five legislators to investigate-reports 

of "subversive" activities at the Highlander Folk School~ near 

Monteagle, Tennessee. The committee would have power to subpoena 

witnesses and school records • and would report back to thii!J; 

session.of the Legislature. ,.. .. c;.·' 

The resolution is quoted, in part, as charging that 

Highlander Folk School, and other organizations affiliated with 

-~. . 

it, "are allegedly involved in activites subversive to and contrary 

to the forms of good Government". Sponsors of the resolution were 

listed as Rep. HARRY LEE SENTER, Bristol; and Rep. s. A. RHINEHART, 

Spencer, Tennessee 0 Senator BARTON DEMENT, of Murfreesboro, is 

quoted as saying "HFS is nothing but a :finishing school for. 

Commu.nist". ~e ~ was critical of HFS for inter-mingling 

the races.. eJ ~:.~.J \(~ _ RlmEAu Enci) 1> ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED ,. 2 - ¥EMPHis (6~4> HEREIN IS Uf~CLASSIFlED ) 

1 - KlmVILLE :;;= DATE sl~lr+ BY §F'?8}}f40 ~) il~s· 1:4 · · d4 ~ 

REC- 58· f/- Zfj/- ~ <,L 0 

h1C/ 

2 1Q59 . ·;:, .. -

l'ff .~ )· ~- :. ~-

It! 
. -r. ·.'. ·• -. 

- .-._,_. ,.· 

· .. 

... 

FBI' 

Date: 

A 

u 

Transmit the follow inq in ------------;:;;---:--;--;--:---:---.-:-----------l (Type in plain t.e%1 or code) 

Via __________________ __ 1 

I 

(Priority or Method of Moiling) . 1 

---------------------~--------------------------L------- 10{ 61-12 

Copy of above-mentioned news item enclosed to Bureau 

herewith. 

It is suggested Memphis, at Nashville, follow proposed 

legislative investigation of HFS through press, furnishing Bureau 

and Knoxville with pertinent clippings. 

GEARTY 

. .. - 2 

. ·. 

A~proved: Sent ------M Per ______________ __ 

Special Aqent in Charqe 

J----··.-.c_·]?z~~E~'~--~-:_B~~ts~~rW9r~:s~I·~:0~00Wl!~~,T~:_·· cs::.' i -.; .. -.... __ .. 

'~ . 
cJ • 

t ·~. 

.--r- 1 • 

• • • • 

c ... .. .;r ................ _ ... _., ....... . 

'Records Are Open' . 

Highlander Folk ·~~­

Probe Approved 

• 

,t4.~ nl'/e.. ~"'c. J",nt,~el' 

7fllltS. /- ~ ?· J!"'j 

fAt;6 2-

, 
:i'T&ined. Labor Leaders 

The resolution charges that 

Highlander, .and othe-r organiza. ~E~~t~ tions affiliated with it, "are al-1~ •e]lli<><l: legedly Involved ill activities out>- •' 

venive to and contrary to the · 

forms of good ~v~ ... -nent. '' 

When it was founded, ~·~-~~~v1N;~; lander- specialized in training 

bor leaders. In recent years it 

has added integration workshops 

to its schedule. The school ts sup.. inter--ate"d classes 

ported by contributions from in· m.in~ling of· the races.· dividuals. organizations served by A. Rhinehart, Spencer 

th~ school, foundations and tui- craf, the Other OJ><>ru•or, 

tions. "In my travels over 

Mra. Boosel-·elt Spoke people have asked~,~~!,';~,~;~~~ Speakero at the be done about ;, au.-nmer included School. I told them 

D. Roosevejt and rid tht ~:~*>' ci this 

lina llutriOriit l!!'aelite Md 1~~fj~~~~t'~~ ~f ~:1e -lteV, "'Martin l..AJther King, 

Neil'o inteiratiOO' leader -of 

Montgomery, Ala., and Rosa 

Parks. whose action touche"d''rf 

1ni""M:Ontgom-ery bU~ boY~ott~ are 

among those listed by Highlander a..s having attended inteiration 

workshops at the school. 

Ever 5inee High1ander Folk 

"-'P.c: f'i:tr~.hlished 'in the mountainrus region about 1932, reprn-li 

have spr.mg up from time to t·,....,~· +J,~t the school was a training gr:ouud fCJr Communlsts, 

focal point ol 

:~··~~~~~~J:;tt~e r:~~v; ma.ke you understand 

for this reso1ution," 

said. ..These kind o' men 

the lntennillgling ol , llle 

There never has been any pr~ "S~v.r•tl 

t£!'1E>e about the policy of nonregregation at the -schobl. That 

ha.o; caused resentment from- time 

fr, time, A •ummer camp for 

youngsters has ~ run in con- ;;urlct:ion with the aoOool. aM 1'(')('], baa dt.repnled. color CG" 

race. 

No Aeadl'lmnle ODur.ea 

"Hlghlandpr Folk Schnol 1~ nt')f 

afhliatPd wtth any Ol'l:llniution~ 

hut mllkl"& !tt ~rvlc«"• •'·alltthlf' 

to 1ndJvidOJalt on • non-dlacrimi-; 

natnry hula P""1~ tfwy lf"f' · 

~~muvVd."' Nit! llar1m 

Aratt.mwo ~ o • r 1 • 1 ll"f' ~ 

t.a J;~, ·~ U..;&t~•"""'r r ... "k. "f"h#~• 

~·~ e"-- .. "NN:~ • .,.~aM d;tr.,..a· .. Yl a~~;w !&t.!t'd JW1:T fJi 

,: ....... ~.~!I-. ·~#ni•J "'~ 

,........ .... lhet IIW'm ~ Jll • ""' l:" !J-:_,, ,.... .. ' . .I' I, ...... ·~~ 

~.,."' til ~t Allld n:.,:"'W' 1r 

~ ;;: :~_..,• ~ ; L"'~- rt ~ 

... , &..'"'d ""•':.!\ ... toqJ.J: t'<'-

..,...-t~t, 1o ,.l"br~~ • nw ""'": 

f\.!1"1J ltf• tl ft. f't"'"T'"""Uf"i"" I "WI tn 

~ ••1 ~tr<tt ~ pt..lhilo( fa('~o.;~ 

-.-,u, a ~be caeJ .... ~ 

H"lrttWI • ..._. ar.o "' • ,..._,!,...., r ,~ anyttknr !Nit IP'• ift t:, ••1. •'hrtht-r It ho lntal1t.._r.•~ 

Ollmmunl•m ar Fucl&m.:• 

11oer h LaS.' 

Prt-wnlin,c t.tw f"f'!oOlut.on for • 

-. "'':- i~ t!-,eo H o u 1 f yHt.Prd•y. !·,.r ··~--:- !H ~nttr. Britto! 

L"t rr . .xra:.., dtclared, ""'J'be 

b lat~ for this tnvestia:ation, 

fYlL ~ la~t- to &how to the world 

that -renesae-e does revere and 

i<...if..!-d the creat beritq:e that 

has been poaoed down to us by 

our matchless ancestors." 

.,_,.,.,.t,. ... ••iri ~-• •• ; T•nn,.c .. 
" . 

~ 

·.·,_~<:·1 .;: •. ~·- . 

r..:·~.£~~ .. 

f.•.l_·.:> 

·'· 

~~~ 

~E? 

~1 ~-;<~~~ 

. =~~~-~~ ~--~, f:-; :-~~ 

' . ' ~ 

'-,_•; ,::';j 

;;:...._::~.--:!! ... -~ ··-·=,;_:t 

~-- . . ' ....,..,. - ,...__,.,3.li 

·'• -· 

• 

Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

TO MR. TOLSON DATE: February 4, 1959 

now G. A. NEASE 

. IUBJIICT: ~GHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C 

Te m_ 

called me this morning stated he ~.;;::..== 

had had inquiry the press concerning the above school indicating '!.e-..L- , 

the Tennessee legislature intended to look into the activities of the school and,~ 

his inquiry was whether or not we had ever ~vestigated the Highlander v,.J,Jif 

Folk School. · , V ';A 1/1 

After checking with the Domestic Intelligence Divisi~n·, I ··,~,r J,, 

I vised4IIIJI•• that we had made some limited inquiry concerning 

the school seve years ago when it was alleged it was a hot bed for communists, 

and we forwarded a memorandum to Assistant Attorney General Bazelon 

dated February 21, 1947, and that we had also forwarded a memorandum ~- -/ 

to Pe:yion Ford dated February 26, 1951, regarding the matter. I told him, 

however, we were in no position to state we had ever investigated the --J>~ 

school nor would it bettg.pte Bureau's or the Department's advantage /t" ~- ).. 

to indicate that we hac6mvestigated the school. I briefly described the WJ 

background of the school to him and suggested I felt best not to comment on 

· 1 , · the matter. ~ stated he agreed and that he would get the point across 

· · '-- there is no current activity on the part of the Department in this matter. 

1 - Mr. Belmont 

·I) 

GAN:ejp-V) 1 

(3) 

&/ 

tj:$ FER 171959 

• 

Bf.C-21 ~/ -1ff_l1=2 *( 

20 FEB 12 1959 (f' ,. • . y 

--- .•.:». 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN JS UNCLASSIFIED \l . 

DATE L~IJ-hN av~~~wmJ'l 
• •. ·' ;~{~:. :.~,.:. ;.~1. ·~.x; }_.c,. ~ ~]f$;~~1D1t:'.~J~f~~,0~~:;~;: ,, ':{<~ <.i • , ; • ;(\~· , ~--:.:t:;'r•·. , "' ~;: ~- ... L . ., • .. J.... . ·" . 1 ~- •. .I 

____ FBI , ---- ~ 

Date: 2/13/61 

I 

I 

I 

Transmit the following In -------,:o-...,.--,-,---,----,,....,---·-·_------11 

(Type ;11 plain e_er.t or cocle) I 

V;a __ A_I~R_-_T_EL ______ --------=A_IR~.a~I~L~~~~~~--~1 (Priority or Method of Mailing) 1 

------------------------------------------------L------- -

;, '1'0: DIRECTOR, I'BI 

l"ROII: SAC, KNOXVILLE 

4IGHLANDER POLX SCJilOL1 

IIONTEAGLB, TBNI!fESSEE 

(61-12) 

,., 

.-~ 

:,"?' 

~;;~ 

~~ :~--;~1 

.·., I . 

IS- X 

Re Xooxville air-tel to Bureau dated 2/12/51. 

Tbere is submitted herewith one copy of news 

article entitled, "Inquiry Assured for Highlander", which 

appeared in the 2/11/59, issue of the Chattanooga Tta.s. 

k ·~~F"'~'J j...?~l"' .,.--JPI ~ •" "'1-;.,t-

. ' 

GEARTf 

f,LL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

liEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED~?\ 

~ATE -i'j£\tl BY..SJSc.c.P~'fUJ~~~==-' ~ c:P<.J.r ~ 

"Y 

1/ 

~ 1 .. . ~~·· 
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INQUIRY ASSURED 

FOR HIGHLANDER 

,5 Men to Conduct Probe 

Will Be Named A Iter 

Ellington Signs 

INQU/RYASSVRED 

FOR HIGHLANDER 

aa a part-time JKethodtoi p~acher, missi~nary and gospel singer, B:S~ed for 45 minutes to 

pretent hls case againaLH!g:hFrom Page One ;..· l&Jlder and its director, Mylea 

Horton. it reluctantly. He doubted the Speaks Fast 

ha.aty investiga.tloni whleh mUJt 'When senaton protested their 

be concluded by March 10, work schedule would allow him 

would accomplish much. · only a third of that, he atThe senators haggled over & 1 

tempted. to cram the full speech 

number of technicalitiea before\lnto the allot.ted time .. 

vo~g 55,000 for the investi- ~:Jk~~ch w~~de ~~~~~;=.- gabon. One senator complainedJ 80rnetirnes unintelligible, Kirby 

''om Cl!at~o:noopo: Timer Bu,ea• about a laCk. of copies of the accused Highlander of being 

~ASHVILLE - Prompt ap- resolution, · w h 11 e another subver.Sin, of harboring Compomtment of a legislative com- claimed it had not been Te&d mqniat. Jy.Zrtpathizen and to. 

mittee to investigate Highland- in full by the clerk. · · menUng induatrial atrife. He 

er Folk School was promised The Sena~e recessed for 15 wayed ~ida vita and read from 1 

Tu d ' minutel while tbe _ Rev.· carl cards and documentl which be· es ay by House and Senate , :\{JrfY ot. Traey ·.Ctty laid--~aawn- claimed bac::k· up hia allegatioU. 

•peakers soon after the General a uSillade ._of charges at the Tbis . evidence, he asserted, 

1.-'scmbQ- _ au~rized ~e In- kf[ii.Jl.l' ~Integrated adult educa- wU avl.ltable only tq him and 

qulry. - :t'"l *l':,Sj ~~.u-le., the 'Federal Bureau of Inv~ULt. Gov. William D. Baird ~ ~, lgaUon. · ~. · · · t 

of Lebanon aa.ld he already has · Btrt he uked the Legislature - ~ N N call off the lnvestigaUon.. claim- decided upon the two senators J /__ , ing records necessary to estabhe will name to the five-man lish charges against the school 

I committee. But he declined to I already had been removed from 

reveal the names until the rea- Monteagle 1n anticipation of the I 

olution l.a signed by Gov. Elling- inquiry. . to Kirby urged lnotead that ~ n, possibly Wednesday. Legislature proceed at once tol 

House Speaker James L. Bo- t 1 enact a law putting Highlander 

mar of Shelbyville pr-amised. the ~out of buslnell. He promised the 

three representative~~ for the l Legislature he would aupp1

ry a 

joint Senate- House comni.lttee bill "with teeth in tt." 

Horton has said repeatedly he 

will be designated "within 24 would welcome the investigation 

hours" after the .governor acts. I and that an reeords and data 

His choice, he aaid, will be "non~ relative to the school he eatabpolltical." lished In 1932 Will be made 

Sponson Have Bolea availabl~. He -sema.ndt!d the' 

Legislative custom dictates Legt. ·stature make a complete inth I quiry and either dear his ~ooll e sponsors of an investigation 0 - of thta: type be named to the t ~ clon \t. • . 

committee. In that event, two 

of those certain ot appointment 

are -~•rry Lee ~nter of ---

Bristol, who initiated the propoaed Inquiry, and sen. Barton 

Dement of Murfreesboro, who 1 

put It through the Senate. 

Final approval for the tnvutlgation came by a 22 to 9 vote 

of the Senate, sending the .rea· 

. olution to Ellington, who already had said be would aign 

S8o Pe1r Nine, 0,·- · ~. • 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~ 

DATE ~).> l'i''l BY SP8"6~C4 ~'irs- ~ 
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\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART60F7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 
0 

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< - • _-_:·: _- • .;.·::..:t· '. :• ( ..... _;_. ·· .. -, :·. ,. - ·. ,· .· .· .-. :,· ~ .... ·.-• ·' J •. '., '""I" 

-. :.· . ... f._._···. 

·.-.: 

··.· 

'"!: -~ ..... /- - --~__,.__,__ -·· Folk Sci -- ·~·· 1) is an interrac 

sc ool locate4-._at 1 t . . , Tennessee, whic:-

is primarily supp~ · onations from 

individuals and fr, 'unions in the form 

of payments for st-~~ ..... .. ho attend. HFS is 

not the subject of a pending investigation. We have conducted an investigation of it in the 

past in view of allegations received that it was 

/

the headquarters for communist activities in 

east Tennessee. Our investigation failed to 

substantiate the allegations. Recently the 

Tennessee State Legislature passed a resolution 

appointing a committee to investigate communist activities in the school. 

1 

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···~ 1•· ' •••• · •.. ·'·· ~;. .ii(::i<;; :.t·.~;[~f~lit~:·f~· ;.,f) ;; 

, I : ,.. ~· : ·~i:" -- -~-; ~ 

~ ! ~): :;:.eG ~: ~.Mo~----- F B I ---.,_..., ! I Mr,. Parso- -~ __, 1 Mf. Rosen_ 

Date: 2/12/59 

- 1 ~ Ta•mmmm'---

= I T!-<>tt..r -- 1 Mr. W.C.Sullivan 

Transmit the following in I Tele. Room_ ---------(""T,_-)1>-• ""';n-p"'l"'.,'""··-,-• .,-,-.-,-c-od""'"o"'J------....:...-....;1 Mr. Holloman..._ 

AIIUIAIL 

I Mioo Gandy __ 

Via I ___ ._A_I~R_TE~L ___ __ 

(Priority or Method of Mailing} 1 L:=====J ----------------------------~-------------------L-------

TO: 

FRCII: 

R.E: 

DIRECTOR FBI (61-7511) 

SAC KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

{?HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

IS - X -- SECURITT 

be pert1n,.n-r 

made no comment 

's interest 

and merely accepted his remark. 

& ~- .. ·· . \ ~ Y...:. - .. ~--... .., 

~ 

... Any further information relative to thi• ·· matter will be brought to the attention of the Bureau. 

GEARTY 

ll INFORMATION CONTAINED 

. EREI~ 1)SJ~LA.SSIFIED~Qb ~';)~.··. ;~. TE BY &R~ • . . c9~ s:. . 

b.•'\31 cr· . ...._ .... 

~ .U.JJ: _,j 4:;$ 

II FEB 13 1959 

3 ----· -, ~qrea~ . 1 · ;' .·.1 

·, ·1· - baxville 

Per _________ _ 
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,-. :·: .. ·::;.· ·, ,;. 

------·--- ': . DATE: 1/18/M 

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'• 21984 

' ' 

.. u-let 12/31/16 aacl D••1lle 

letter 1/11/17, oap1:1eae• aa 

abon (1a1:ereff1ce) • · 

1DYest1cat1oD of Bic~laader Polk leh .. l 

1a to IMt conductecl aacl tlaat 11: 1a aet to IMt cliacassecl 

w1tll &RJ perBOD,pro or c• • 
·, ..... 

.. · ... ·•· 

) 

j.i -~l·~J~-~-M~- ... ( --~i ·.· ~~":"~~-.::_;~}, :·-··L;:.;""'"""e ... _........ r· ~ ~--~~-.~~---~-,·, 

• . --·:.... r '/" ·

1 Office Me·,wruudum · UNITED ~TATEs GOVERNMENT 

• 

TO , Director, FBI (61-7511) 

~AC, Momph:s (6~~3~) SUBJBCT:~GHLANDER . FOLI: ·S~~~L ~- . SM - C . 

DATE: 2-24-59 

... . ;--- ·. .'... ~ ...... ~ ;· '·::: ... 

' /rf/;1]) . :/ I press release , 

·"' ~ ' ~- ... . ' 

· /Teimes·s-.. e.e-Federation for Con.stitutional Gove·r· nment, ent.itled 

' "Joint Statement Qf .State _QtUc::~r~ and Organization Leaders · · of -ule Tennessee Federation for ConstitutioniiT""Goverfunent-:-w--

This statement'sets -mit 'the facr that' these men su-pport tlie 

proposal that a committee of the Tennessee State Legislature 

investigate the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee 

and set forth the basis for their stand, ·. , 

Enclosed for the Bureau and Knoxville are autostat 

copies of this statement. 

. .... -.. ~ 

/) 

l.2·-· Bureau (61-7511) (encl. -4) 

1- Knoxville (encl. -2) RM 

RM 

2- Memphis (1-105-148) (TFCG) 

(1-61-34])_) 

-FJ M/. <5> r~~~ 

rJ~::<~:>rALL INFORMATION CONTAlrJED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE cJI<2=/M BYspi;rrn}tt""' r. c9~ 

Y~~ >z· .. I?E:c. ;p;(-?; //'~ !2·;;5' 

• 

. ~91 1~·· .·~..,- • < ~·• ~f•.Nrl~ ,. · ... ~~.. . 

··~ ~ ,, nt~ .n ·.· 

~ECEI~£0 

'7 W"l) 27 1959 

itH l{ ,.WP~:; .~: ... 
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li'OR RELEASE 

Donald Dav~dson, Chairman 

• 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED "\ 

DATE J/&./& BY 07?fgJILOH &'I-.} ;,~........., 

JOINT STATEMENT OF STATE OFFICERS AND ORGA)HZATIOM 

LEADERS OF THE 'lENNESSEE FEDERATION FOR CONSTITUTIONAL. GOVBRNIID'r 

In view of the past record of Highlander Folk School, lt la no 

surprise whatever that the Legislature should have in view a thorough 

investigation of the institution, We heartily commend and support 

their action, 

What is surprising is that any informed citizens of Tennessee 

wo~a object to a action so obviously demanded. in the interest of the 

pUblic welfare and already too 16ng delayed. In thia ooaneotion we 

refer particularlY. to a group of faculty members of the Univeraity • 

of th~ Sout~ who in a public letter have attacked the good faith and 

imnu~ned the motives of the duly elected membera ot our.preaent 

General Assembly. We deplore this display of academic gullibility 

and folly. This group and a few other critics have been ao illadvised as to accuse the Legislature or "McCarthyiam" and -witch 

hunting." We resent this insult offered to the Legislature and the 

people of Tennessee. 

The record of Highlander Folk School as a seat or agitation 

and subversfon is already well-doc.WIIented up to 1954, through the 

£,s&r1.ogs and.Repor-ts or Congressional Committee&. That reeord ne&di 

~- --- .., •. >ught up to date by careful 1,nquiry, undertaken with special 

reference to activities of the school in Tennessee. An historic op- · 

portunity presents itself to the members or the Tennessee Legislature. 

They, and perhaps only they, with their intimate knowledge of Tennes1ee 

• :;ff:s.j ;·s, can finally get to the root of the 'troul>lll at Highlander Polk -.~ .. \~ ~-~-· • . . •. .. ! ·_ 

... r ~-_: ~ ·,_ . ~ 

-~ ~ ';:. ,,. .-~ . • • 

School. 

In the Hearings of the U. S. Senate Sub-Committee on Internal 

, ____ , 

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2 

Security of March 18, 19, and 20, l9fr4, Highlander Folk School is . 

revealed through sworn testimony ks having been a·center of subversive 

activity since 1940 or earlier • 

• 

At these hearings Paul Crouch, for 

• 

seventeen years a communist leader, former Communist'District Organizer 

for North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee, testified as followaa 

"Senator Eastland: 'What 1s the Highlander Folk School?' 

"Mr. Crouch: 1 The Highlander Folk School is a school operated 

at Monteagle, Tennessee ostensibly as an independent labor school but 

actually working in close co-operation with the Communis~ Party.'" 

On March 19, 1954 Mr. Crouch testified that in 1940 as Communist 

=-o-·.:.-~r, he met with Myles Borton, James Dombrowski and Ed McCrea, 

the Nashville Organizer of the Communist Party and "later my successor 

as Tennessee Organizer," at Highlander Polk School. Mr. Crouch said 

in reference to this meeting that "T~ Communist Party was anxious 

tQ get the maximum results from Highlander Polk School without endangering Mr, Horton or anyone." 

Crcuch explained that " ••• if it were to become public knowledge 

. ~.:100 · ',),~ Highlander Folk School was co-operating tQP closely with the 

r.nl:'rnnr>~ 9t Party and carrying on too much open Communist propaganda 

!.~ •. o·.L.d endanger its funds and its support • " • 0 (P~ges 125-126) 

On Page 135 of the officia~ recorded Bearings of the Senate 

:.;.·,..,~ .J. 6"- '-lun Mr. Arens, Counsel for the Committee, asked Mr. Crouch 

-;-;,, ~.:. lla11 lng question: 

"V- ·

1 -Ans: 'What oonferences did you have there flighlander 

Folk Schoo!?? What was the purpose of the conferences? What was 

a~cull'CJl~~hed in these'conferences at the Highlander Polk School?' 

"Mr. Crouch: 'The purpose of the corti'erence was to work out a 

.,,,._~· '>·~ ffhtch the Daily Worker (Official Communist Newspaper) would 

(more) 

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be purchased by the school. They would be made accessible to the students, 

that everywhere possible the instructors would refer to the Daily Worker. 

to news that had come in it, to encourage the students to read it, and 

it was agreed that the ~ommunist Party should have a student, a leader, 

• sent there as a student whose job it would be to look around for prospective recruits, and Mildred White, now in Washington, D. c. was 

selected to attend the Highlander Folk School for the purpose of recruiting 

for the Communist Party and carrying the Communist Party line among the 

• 

student body there,' 

''lril", Arens: fYou said it was agreed? Who. agreed?• 

• 

"Mr. Crouch: •Mr. Horton and Mr. Dombrowski,' 

"Mr. Arens: •Did you ever solicit Mr. Horton for membership in the 

Communist Party?• 

"Mr, Crouch: 'I did.' 

"Mr. Arens: •Tell the circumstances of that solicitation and what · 

transpired.' '' 

"Mr. Crouch: •At that meeting after we discussed the school I 

asked Mr. Horton to become a formal member or the Communist Party and 

his reply was, as near as I can recall his words, 'I'm doing you just 

as much good now as I would if I were a member of the Communist Part7. 

I am often asked if I am a Communist l'art7 member and I always sa7 1 no 1 • 

I feel much safer in having no fear that evidence might be uncovered to 

,, __ ,_ -.: !:-:'::;: ~:-. ., Communist Party, and therefore I prefer not to become 

a member of the Communist Party.'" (Pages 135-136) 

Crouch also identified Rev. Don West and Myle4 Horton as "original 

founders" of the Highlander Folk School but said West had earlier left 

to engAgP- in Socialist and Communist work in Georgia, North Carolina 

r.nd Kentucky. 

(more) 
• 

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On Pa~e 150 of the Senate Hearings NW. Horton couldn't "remember• 

whether the above mentioned Mildred White was a student at Highlander 

.Folk·School but said if she was "she was sent by a union, not by tbe 

Communist Party. We accept no students from the Communist Party aDd 

never have," 

Thereupon Mr. Horto~, who now offers to be so co-operative with 

the Legislature of Tennessee, grew so obstreperous at Senator Eastland's 

questioning on Mildred White that the senator ordered the marshal to 

eject Horton from the room. (Page 151, Senate Hearings, March, 1954) 

The above quotations are only a small portion of the evidence 

printed in Congressional records up'to 1954. 

The Tennessee Le$islature has the right an~ the duty to inquire 

into more recent activities of Highlander Folk School, particularly 

into the widely publicized meeting of the summer or 1957. This -.eting 

bas not yet been investigated. It was attended by a number of well• 

known Communists, fellow-travelers, leftists, and well known agitators 

trom points of friction in the South. 

The Tennessee Legislature has the right and duty to inquire whether 

there is a connection between such Highlander meetings and the disorders 

and incitements to disorder occurring at Clinton, Nashville, Little 

Rock, Atlanta, Montgomery, and other places. 

The Tennessee Legislature has the right and duty to inquire whether, 

by reason ot, its activities and policies, Highlander Folk School 1s 

a:::ting in violation or Tennessee lurs or is conspiring to violate our 

laws. 

When the facts have been duly determined by such inquiry as the 

Le~elature, the sovereign governing body of Tennessee, may undertake, 

it can then be decided whether the school and its administrators are 

(more) 
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• • • • • subject to prosecution for creating a public nuisance and constituting 

a threat to the peace and tranquility of ~ennessee. 

Signed: 

Professor Donald Davidson, Vanderbilt University Chancelor Wayne Cox of Henry County 

Bob Murray, Mayor of Huntington 

Di&tri9t Attorney General Dave Murray of Jackson 

Dr, John M, Aden of Vanderbilt University Ben I, King, Former U, S, Marshal of Gibson County 

Bob Guinn, Contractor of Hardin County Roy Boyd, Clerk and Kaster of Ti~on County 

Dick German, District Attorney General of Crockett 

John McNail,• Gibson County Banker 

Ewing J, Harris, Former State Senator of Hardeman county A, s. Inghram, President, Tennessee Federation, Madison County ~ank Daniels, Lion Oil Executive of Jackson 

Henry Vaughn, County Clerk of Tipton 

Rev. James E. Savor, Church of the Ad~ent, Bashville 

W, E. Michaels, Attorney and Author,of Sweetwater 

Dick Burrow, Jr., American Legion Anti-Subversive Committee 

C, C. Bradley, Insurance Executive of NashYille 

George Nolan, Manufacturer orNashville 

Robert Hardee, Esq., Magistrate of Madison County John Sanrord, Co~ty A+torney of Lauderdale 

Robert Thomas, Attorney of Lauderdale . • L, L, Dennis, Merchant of ~ipton 

·Robert E. Lee Galimore, Former State Senator of Weakley Dean Grooms, Former Speaker of the Senate of Weakley 

W. M. Miles, Former State Senator of Obion 

Prentice Wynn, Lake County Land Owner 

E. T. ·Palmer, Mayer of Dyersburg ~ugh Patten, Planter of Haywood Ted Cunliffe, Secretar7., Tennessee Federation, Madison County Charles Stanfield, Contractor of Jackson 

·Rev, E. R, Warhurst of Jackson 

C. W,,Miles, III, Attorney of Obion 

John W. Hart, Attorney of Obion 

R. D. Fry, Attorney of Obion 

W. M, Allison, Banker of Lake County Clay F. Wynn, Land Owner of Lake County 

Rev, Wallace R, Terry, Nashville 

.;nes t;er Il!ason, Real !or. of Nashville 

Leonard B. Cash, Businessman of Nashville 

Rev, Truman Rouse of Jackson 

Steve Carter, Planter of Madison County 

L, V, Dubose, Businessman ot Nashville 

Dr. Hughes Chandler of Jackson · Travis Pegues, Planter of Madison County Lloyd Harris, Ginner and Planter of Hardin 

Dr, John Morris, Fayette · • 

Vir·gil Luck, Ginner of Fayette R, c. Ferguson, Planter of Henderson 

Jack Kershaw, Vi9e Chairman, Tennessee Federation,, Nashville 

' 

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!Highlander Probe :Measure Signed . 2 From Shellty Ta ( 

I Aid hiYiiii~ ! !.,._.....,_ 1 

\ NAS!MLLE. Tenn. - Gov. , Buford EJJincton today 'i&ned • 

!joint House-Senate resolution 

lc&llin2 fnr an inv~~tl~l!ltitvt ,, 

:th• Highlandor Folli--&liOOi iD 1 

Grundy County._ 

· Shortly lftf'rward, Sen a t e [Speaker Willia"\ D. Baird and 

1House Sppaker JAmes L. Bomar 

i announced 1he appointment of a 'fJVe~mAn committ~e to conduct 

ltho probe. 

: Comm.i1tl'e mcmber5 are Sen.. 

Barton Dement of Murfree6boro, 

1 Lawrence Hu~hes of Arli.nrton 

,and Reps. Alan Hanover r:tf 

,Memphis. Cartf'r Patten ot ·Chatta~A and Harry Lee Sf'n- , ter- of Bristol. aU DemocraU. 

j .. I want thi~ investigation tD 

·reflPct df&'nity on this body. 11 

t I am r.ure i1 will.·· Bomar said. · .. It ~hould tw ihoro and oom- .plete." 

I He dinctPd t.he committee to 

r..port its findin&s at thts ~e .. !sion nf tht> General Assembly.· 

1 !;pr~~d:i~~~tx~n~uf "tb! : investieation. 

I The resolution alleged that 

!lllub\o"Prsive activiti@s have been 

;t'tmfl"red around the interracial 

15chool in past years. 

18<-~~e h~~~~~~;Ji:n~~~o~!~ 1niM link and called fof 1 ;u]J in't'esti~atil'on. 

I ·'----'----

'/ ;c=<< 

• 

MEMPHIS PRESS-"-CII1ITAR 

ME MPH If'., TEN~'E"-SEE 

p:2 ..,1_.2- ~-y 

• 

AI I 11.11'""1"\ns.aa .... t,...•• --··-····-- 1\LL II'H'UtCMA I IUN t.;UN I AINI:.D 

HEREIN 1StfNCLASSIFIED _'\. 

DATE uJ~ EY B'! c~~ 

SEARCHED .. ~ .INDEXEP ..••••. -

SERt/>.LIZED .... FILED .......••.••••• 

fEB 1 u 1959 

.FBI • M£MPHIS 

~ /- --:Jl ~,...-..-_ ........ -
4-75012-7-791 f 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

J ___ Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. / vt C-- ~Deleted under exemptionls) ______ Z _______ ___________ _ ___ with no segregable 

[.J 

[J 

material available for releasl' to you. 

Inf0nnation pertained only to a third party w·ith no refc>rf'nce to you or the subject of your request 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is list-Pd in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following gov0mrnent agcnc_v(ies). ----------------

------ , was/wPrc• fOrwarded tn thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to tlw following gon•rnmcnt agPncy(ies); 

____________ as tlw infommtion originated with them. You will 

'.Jc ad\-it.ed of availability upon retum of the matl-rial to tht· FHJ. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rPason(s): 

-------------

--------·-----

~For your information: Lt:..TT£/C ____ _f/_C?Jit 

~\_\X\\\ 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
4-750 12-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in lh<• file. OnP or morP of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0 Deleted under exemptionls) __ ---·. --·----·----.. 

material available for release to you. 

_____ with no segregable 

[] Jnfom,ntion pertained only to a third part)' with no rt•fcrence to )'OU or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third partv. Your name i' listpd in tlw title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following go\·emmcnt agencv(ies) ·--------------

---. was/w('TL' forv·:ardcd to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following govprnment agcncy(ies); 

______ _ _____ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of thP matl'rial to the FBI. 

_j_b,_ Pagels) withheld for the following rt•a,onls): 

_S!!m£ I Hft _L'r_S __ ~j--_7_ s-11-.). ~' 

:::J For your infonnation: 

~~ following number is;;:;. be used for refPrPncP n·gard ing tlwsp pagPs: 

_'2~7~LL~-_'f~-·-----·--.. --------------

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Fei/OOJ 
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···:~-~---:-2~Y5f~ •, '' .. ;---.· _,.J:; 

·_., ,._ .. ., ~. '." 

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•. .,. •• _-_ 1., 

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Dear 

. ~- ~--. -~: _ _;fl - ( 

Your letter of FebruarJ 16, 1959, has been ., , , reeeived, ~ I appreciate JOur enclosing the copy of tile ·. ~ _·. t~"' 

item on thiWgblander foJk.Bc:bnol. · .. ,.. --· "' rr. . . While I would like to be of service, the functlOD . . . ~ 

of this Bureau as strictly a fact-iatherlng agency does not .., ~ 

extend to furniahlng evaluations or clearances of Indivlduaa, ... .... !:". p~cationa or organizations. Supplying data of the type JOtl ·. _. -

requested, 1n effeet, would constitute an approval or disapproval H ~ of"..!he IJ'Oup JOD aamed; therefore, I am unable to answer JOur ~ 

inquiry. I hope JOU lrill not Jnfer 1n this reg-.u-d that we do or ~ 

dc>not have 1D. our rues the Information JOil desire. . ..., . 

... ·' ·, .. ..,, . '"·..:~--; .- -.... -

o-

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., --·...,.. ··~- -~ . '\.._ . -'. .... 

Sincerely JOur&, 

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FD-36 .(Rev.! 12-13-56) 

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FBI 

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Transmit the followinQ in --------,.;;:=::-;::-::r::;:-=:-=-::::;:-;---------11 (Type i11 plai11 te~l or eofle) 1 

Via __ A_I_R_TBL_. __________ _ AIRMAIL . I -: I .• 

(Priori•r or lle•hod of llaiiU.,) _, 1 

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,.r.,. 'fO: DIRECTOR, FBI (6l-75ll) . . . . 

FRO¥: 

~IGHLANDER MONTEAGLE, 

IS -X 

1959. 

SAC, KNOXViLLE. (61-12) 

:POLJS: SCOOOL, 

TENNESSEE 

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Re Knoxville airte1 to Bureau, dated February 13, 

There is submitted herewith one copy of news article 

entitled "Probe of School Open• Satul:'day", which- appeared in the 

February 20, 1959, issue of the Chattanooga Times. The article 

reflects th~t District Attorney General J. M. McCARTT of Wartburg, 

Tennessee, will serve as counsel for the investigating committee. 

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GEARTY 

All INFnRMLITinN f'nMTII tlltr:-n . ·-- •.•. Vl\lllllf1V11 VV11 11111'ii:.U 

HEREI~S~ r.:LASSIFJED 

DATE _ BY~~~ 

EXl~ 

~~~._.fEB 23 1959 -,--

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---•• ( • -- ->. ieiPROBE OF SCHOOL ~r':~~ R~";.":·zJ::;:onO:~ i 

OPENS SATURDAY M~:~Im~:'· deacT!bed by· 

D • • committee member u a former 

" 

o Chattanooga re~ldent Who died 

~ lisit to Tracy City Is First fighting for the loyaJiata In the • • Spanish c!Vll war In 1935·36. Order of Busmess for The visit to Tracy City .... 

0 High lander Study propooed u an Informal p' ceeding during which explor 

rrowt ChattanOO&IG 'J"ttMI •• ,,.. tory opera tiona will be c I r NASHVILLE-The Legiala· ducted. 

1 ture's eelect committee to lnvea- ___ -.-::_--------

tigate Ule Highland Folk School · ! decided Thunday to make a • visit to Tracy City early Satur- - day to begin Its Inquiry. 

1 The committee decided agatmt a visit to the adult educational 

I 

institution at Monteagle, and 

~H~;~~~Ift.~~;~;~E:~~ have information about the 

l

schvo1. 

This first major step in the 

committee's inquiry .came after 

Dist. Atty. Gen. J. M. Mccartt 

I <Jf Wartburg agreed to serve as general counsel without compensation. . . McCartt, a Republican, wu retained by the committee, 

which ia composed of ftve Dem· 

ocrats. 

Hopton to Alllst 

In another development, W. E . . (Bud) Hopton, director of the 1 Tennes:see Bureau o! Criminal . Identification, agreed to supply 

I 

agents to assist in the inquiry. 

Hopton's agent! are expected 

to visit Monteagle and other 1 points 1n that vicinity over tht 

1 weekend and draw up a list of 

I prospective witnessea for the 

I committee to question in its ~irat 

! public hearings here next week. 

I The agents will submit names, 

and the committee will tssue br1 

ders for the witnesses to report. 

The committee met briefly 1 during the morning for a dis.' 

cussion of materials already in 

its hands but McCartt failed to 

arrive in time for this session. 

So another meeting was held 

later In the day for a further . review o! this material, which i 

CHAT. TIM(.;) 

consil!!ited largely of pamphlet!, 

new:!!paper clippings and trans· 

cripts ot testimony from ted· 

era1 agencie.11 and congressional committees which had had a look at the racially integrated 

8chool in times gone by. · The committee hu obtained: a certified copy of the- achool'• 

charter, which wu· tasued by 

the oecretary .of otate In 193i. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTr.~t!ED 

HEREIN iS U>iCU<SS:CIED ~~ DATE 0/c?/8/ BY cfPU\T 

I I ~J 

lt authorizes .Operatloh of a non- profit corporation for "'adult 

worker education, tra.tnJnc of 

-rural and industrial leader• and g~neral academic educaUon." 

· Listed u tncorporaton are l 

lMyle• Horton, t lLO.. 8Chool'l • ... ,llder 'and tidll Ib dlrector; ..... ~ .. __ . 

6,1-

ENCLOSURE 

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l~~ ~ 

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Mr. J. Edgar Hoover 

Director 

• 

The Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover, 

Fifteen Sewanee have been under 

fire locally for supporting the 

0 Highlander an investigation by 

a 1egislativec'omii1ittee of the State of Tennessee. 

The Charleston News and Courier has written numerous 

editorials attacking Highlander and the professors for 

stating their belief that the schoo~ is not communist. 

The editorials have been moat abusive in the criticism 

of the professors, and I feel that the newspaper editor 

woulk like to have these professors disassociate themselves from the Highlander investigation or be removed 

from their positions at Sewanee. 

You no doubt handle thousands of requests like 

this one, but I feel that in defence of a cherished 

institution, the University of the South, I should 

seek your advice. I would find it very helpful if 

anything could be made available to me that has been or 

could be made public concerning the status of Highlander 

Folk School so far as the Federal Bureau of Investigation 

is concerned. I have long heard that Highlander has 

been investigated by your great agency of our government. 

I have also heard that the State Department routes 

visitors to the Tennessee area there. 

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CONFI~NTIAL. • • h ..-..· ~ • • 

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J'ear leiter dated IIIP'CA 61 zgsg, laa 6eea 

recetued and rear fatera_. oacl •••o•ra •• tAfe .. tter 

are fJicfeed O,P.l'NdOialf. , -~·· I. 

ftUe I •ordcf Hh ie be •I ee7'tlfce, I ud 

advtae thot f•/or.atfoJI •• tAe /flea •I thla 8¥reoa te 

.atntat••d •• cea/tdeattal aad &UGtlabl• JWr •lllotal 

use o•lr fa accorcfaace •ftA • regulation •I ile 

JJeportunt •I .h_.fca. I regret, ilerelere, tlsai 

I aa unable to •• ~ aaalataace to r••· 

I•• eure Jo• •til ••derataad tAl aaceeeftMo 

lor tAte l'•Hcl/ aad •UZ .. t frtfer becouu o/ 19 ~ 

tnabtllfll to be •I aaatataaco ihat a. do er de ••• c 

Jaaue h our Ill•• the bloraat''" r•• dutre. -n::, 

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_ MAILED .. ___ 20 __, 

h." ... 

page 3. 

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CONF~NT_IA~' ~ i~.;: ·~ .. ~;- ;t:·,·:.· -:· .-:·~ ·~' ~ ~ ;_ > -;: :::0 .. ;;' ... .. :;.$; ~- ~-~. 

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ATTENTION; SACs, Savannah and Knozvtll• ... .,. .. 1 ' ,; . . : ·' ,., 

Enclosed ta ·~ copy of ;he c~rr~sp:n;;~n;~;-· ,.' .:, ·; 

communtcatton. Buftles centatn no 1dent1f1able data 

concerntng the correspondeut. . , .. -'• ,. 

For the 1nfo7'11lat 1on of the Savannah Off1ce~ , .. t'h,e Highlander Folk School at Jlonteagle, Tennessee, · reportedly ts supported prtmartly b~ donations of indit' tduals and labor un tons in the form of pay111Bnts 

for students attending tts courses. It offers courses 

of tnstructton tn labor organtzattons, social economics,' 

and general f'leld of labor~ducatton. It has had Commun.ts.t 

Party members on tts staff and has accepted communtsts · as students. However, tt •a never offered courses •f '~ .. · instro ctton tn communtam n•r has 'the Commutq~v. Party ever . succeeded tn gaining control of the school~DUe to 1ts . interrcctal character, tt has been the sub;ect of nu111Brous 

allegations that 1t represents the headquarters tf cemmuntsa 

1n ~ast Tennessee. These allegations have never been · substantiated. The Bureau has tn the past conducted sn ~--investigatton of the school and tts offtcials based upon, complaints of communist act1v1ttes at the school. MUch 

of the subversive derogatory inforT/ICJthn concerning the ... school was later repudiated by the persons previously · fUrnishing the inforT/ICJtton •... • · ';.·, ., .• :·.-;- .. >";~ ,., •. • . . . .... , ~-~ ··- ..,:. . •'' -. - J 

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·The 1chool. tn recent vears haa been severely.~-···~ 

criticized by the Georgia Commission on Educatton·and \k'·V_" 

the Commission has given IDiJ'e circulation o.t a ,four~. ~ ·' 

page ,folder on the school relating -to a _Labor Da.y,- - ... 1957, meeting. The eommiuion re,fers to St as • ,. .r 

communist training school. Qn January 28, 1959, the 

!Jennessee Btate Legtsloture passed a -resolution .~ - · · · 

.· 

appointing a com111.ittee to investigate COl11.111Uni.at .. activ-eties ot the achool. _ . · · . . · •:: · .. • ~- .... _,. f?:' • • -" 

The above is .furnished ,for your information. 

The Savannah and Kno:rv'ille. O.fficesaare cautioned to· be 

most circumspect tn the handltng oj inquiries conce~n~ 

'ing the Highlander Folk School and be certain the 

Bureau does not become involve·d in this t:ontrove'rs_y.::c· --: . i 

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ON YELLOW: --... 

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cor JFiNNTJAL 

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In IJtelD-DJ' the e:rtreme1y controliersto1 

nature of the Highlander Follr: School, t.ilepast -·_< 

attacks upon ft by the thorgta. Commiuton of• · ·· ·· 

Educathn and the aoa.t recent tn11estigatton by·.;. .. ·:-;r-~--r 

a committee of the Ttmneaaee State Legislature, 

a. files confidential reply etll best •e~ve the 

Bureau 'a tnterest in this Mtter. .. . .

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Federal Bureau of _Investigation 

Washington, D. c. 

Dear Sirwl 

{ ... '" .... 

We understand that the Fe~ fureau of Investigation 

haw made an investigation of the ~ighlander.~1k School at 

:Honteagle, Tennessee. As an agency of the Knax:ville Ministerial Association and concerned citizens of Tennessee, we 

are anxious to have all pertinent informUon which you are 

able to give us relative to this school. 

There have been widespread accusations of disloyalty 

directed against the Highlander School. We feel that if 

these accusations are founded in fact, we as citizens and 

leaders of our churches need to know it; and if they are not 

founded in fact, we wish to be in a position to presllnt to 

the public the true picture • 

Respectfully yours, 

~\~'l. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED RE 

HE __ REIN lr ~~LASSIFIED ~ C- 23 

DATE 3 J- BY c~ (}<+ 

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. . . - Fhlle r r.ould ltlu to b. of a .. t.taru:a, : 

the ,/unction of the I'BE oa o ,/oct-gathering ogeru:11 doe• not extend to furnlahlng ewluattona or . . .. ,.. co•m1umta concerning the character or lntegrtt11 of ~: .' . any lndlr~tdual, organt•atton or publication. ,. · · · rurtheraore, l~oraatton In the file• of thl• . Bureau Ia .alntalned oa co~tdentlal and awllable 

for official uae only In accordance with o regulation 

of the Departunt of Juatlc11. r regret, therejore, that r •• WJGb1e to C071f1Jly IIIIth rour requeat for . 1"-formtlon. . c.. • . · 

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ATTENTION; IUC, Kno;&v$lle .i ·"'- --~ -.,._ 

. --.,..: .. ~ , .... ; 

.~--··. - --:r, .. ' fa a copy oj correspondent 1 e 

fdentffiable data concerning 

tton 

letter. 

the 

For~er Asatatant to the Director L. B. Nichols 

spoke before th i_e Aeeoctat~ on fn 19:;17. (94-1-2139) . ) ,' • '• ,. • • ' I 

h roell 

only. 

The H1ghlander Folk .School, Monteagle, Tenneuee, 

knoron to your office •. 

I 

. The above data te jurntehed 1or uour 1nf.o~at$o'4 

NOTE ON YELLOF; .. , Xhe Btgh1ander6olk School has been the eubject of numerous allegatione that ft fe a com~ntst school and 

the headquarters of com~nism tn east Tennessee, due 

primarily to tte interracial character. These allegations have never been subetantfated. It has been gtven wtde ". · publtcity by the Georgta Co~isslon on Education whtch 

issued a pamphlet charvi~ tt is a com~nist tratntng· 

school. On January 28, 1959, the Tennessee State Legtslature. passed a resolution appotnttng a com~tttee to tnvesttgate 

the school. {61-7511) .. _·· .: . . . :· ·. · . 

In vtero of the e:z:tremely controversfal nature oj. thts school_, the past attacks upon tt by the GeorgtQ . , Commtsston on Educatton and the. pending· inqutru by ~he·:· ; i 

Tenneuee State Leg1alature1 the above reply 1a bel teved di.1. 

~ best serve the purposes of the Bureau; ... 

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tiAl:, :;,;,J~NN~~ \ April 29, 11159 

Dlrector, FBI 

Wben was m Waah~lon •••••• 

be tal.il:ed trlth Aaata~t Director r. ~. Del.oach .uJd ir::.l:cated that 11t 

wu interested 1n tbHil.ghlander Fuh .>chool at 1vionte~1t, Tennessee. 

It la deatred that you contac~uu a lu,:hly c<JruidentW bdls 

and advlae him that this school bah r.een the subJect • •I ,. 5reat deal of 

controveray. 

You may tell thAt .tbe acho-H Afers c<>v 1 <>e"' ~ ?c::; 

ul i.natructwu ln social ore;.uJL&atlou &ud labor 'f"'"' •••··•·. 

furthermore, It lla6 had Communlat .t'art:r mentbers on ttB.ataU ~1d ha.s l'\ 

accepted communtata u students. It should bt> pointed out, however, that ~ 

tbe Communist Party 1\U never succeeded m 11ainin.: control o~the school 

nor does the acbool oUer courses o1 instruction w ,·c,:vmunuiln. bQC{·de.v ,\ 

oi Ita interr<LCtal character, there n.ve been ll.l&n} al•o>gatlons n"'t :t 

repreaentl:. Ule beadq~Urtere of cowmuntan. 1.1 etLIIttl·• 'eMessee. · ,.l!ir. 

alle!itdlon has never been substantiated. 

It should be potnted out to •W~.t ln recent 

yeara, Ule scbool hu been severely critic Georgia Commla•ion 

on cducatlon, and the Commtaalon bas given wide cuculation ol a fout>~e !o.l.der relating to a Labor Day n.eettng ill 1116'7. 

Attached are Pbotostata of 1ome item~o wtllch you may make /J ,.,,.. I 

avaUable to Tbe7 Include the following: (1) a Photostat ol a-()'"--

chppiJli from Times, February 20, lg59; (2) a Photostat ; 

of tile abon-mentloned paper put out by tbe Geor&la Commlaslon on Education, 

and (3) a Photostat ol an article from The CbattanOO&a Tlmea for February 11, 

li5a. You should advlae tbe Bureau of the reaulta of your contact wltb 

-.17'-" 

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I I 

OFFICE MEMORANDUM 

I 

1 UNITED STATES ' 

\J'V "t .&:.IUo.l'UI&,.;,.n ~ 

TO EDirector, FBI (61-7511) 

FROM · AC, Memphis (61-34) 

SVBJ CT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS - C 

Knoxville Origin 

Transmitted herewith 

information obtained on a co:nf:ide•nt 

contain-g '/]/ 

ALL COPIES REGISTERED MAIL 

· . .._..2..; 

2-

1-

1-

1-

i 1-

\, f 

Bureau (61-7511) (encl. 

Knoxville(61-12) (encl. 

Atlanta(info)(enc1.-l) 

Boston(info) (enc1.-1) 

Chicago (info) (encl.-1) 

Dallas(info) (enc1.-1) 

J:cksonville(info) (encl.-1) 

1- Little Rock(info) (encl.-1) 

1- Los Ange1es(info) (encl.-1) 

1- Louisville(info) (encl.-1) 

1- M~bi1e(info) (enci.-1) · 1- Newark(info) (enc1.-1) 

SEE R£V£RS£ sm~ FOR 

ADD. DISsth11NAHOH., 

1- New .Haven(infqL(encl.-1) 

1- New York(info) :(~ncl. -1) 

1- Norfo1k(info) (enc1.-l) 

1- PhU'ade~-phh(info) (encl. -1) 

1- San Francisco(info)(encl.-1) 

1- .St ~ L'ou:..s (info) (.encl. -1) 

.J-7f -;~phis(,6l-3~l_. J 

,-,--..,:.., )l, .. Jl ~_........... J j - ~ / _- , _:) ...... ll 

-- I I~·/ ' ·., - '7' - ./ 1. ----- . -~ 

:a.- APR 6 1959 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

•s·APR 231959 HEREI~/!fACLASSIFIED ~ _»~· ;· v DATE BY SP8'6~ )>="( ~t./, .;9. 
4-750 (2-7-791 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

In Reply, PloaH Refer to 

FileNo. 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Post Office Box 948 

Savannah, Georgia June 8, 1959 

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Mr. Cartha D. DeLoach 

Assistant Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation washington, D. c. 

Dear Deke: 

I have had our files checked on the John's 

Island branch of the Highlander Folk School, and 

I hope that the attached information will be or 

help. 

As you know, the Bureau has instructed that 

we are not to get involved in any controversy relating to the Highlander Folk School, and no 

investigation of it is to be conducted. 

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HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

JOHN'S ISLAND BRANCH 

The Knoxville Office, by letter dated 

January 21, 1957, advised that the files of that office 

pertaining to the Highlander Folk School disclosed no 

information received from any volunteer sources regarding 

any "experimenting" on John's Island on the part of the 

Highlander Folk School. The file did disclose that various 

sources had volunteered information that the school holds ""'"~'<tons of study during the summers which are called ;;work 

shops". It was reported that persons from various sections 

of the country had been in attendance at such sessions. 

Among the topics listed for discussions at the work shop held in 1956 were "Positive Resistance, Registering and 

ALLINFORM.L\TION CCNTMNED 
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Voting, Joint Committee Activity, Transportation, Housing, Parks and Action Through Churches". It was not known· 

whether the riments" on •s Island had relation 

t these work 

The following article captioned "Classes IIA' •· 

Here Sponsored by Folk School", by OT~· ERKINS, appeared in 

the News and Courier, a daily newspaper blished in Charleston, 

South Carolina, on March 11, 1959: --------- --~- .... -· --. 

"Interracial Highll.nd Folk School, 

which has been under investigation in Tennessee, 

has sponsored citizenship classes among Charleston 

County Negroes for the last two years. 

"The latest or such classes was 

completed on John's Island last Thursday. Similar 

classes --all plugging registration and voting -- also have been held on Edisto Island and Wadmalaw 

Island. 

"Reports or the classes had been 

rumored here for sometime. Their operation was 

verified yesterday by the man who helped set them 

up. 

"He is Esaw Jenkins, a sort-spoken, mild-mannered Negro leader or John's Island. 

Jenkins, who missed formal education, says there's nothing secret or ulterior 

about his own brand or private education. He 

gives the impression, himself, or being educated, 

which grew from private tutoring as an adult. 

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"•we only want to make them better 

citizens,• he told this reporter on the island last 

night, 'The main thing is to teach them voting. 

we want them to understand how to vote intelligently. We teach them what they ought to know so that when 

they go down there to register there won't be any embarrassment,' 

"The robust Negro leader spoke as he 

sat in the rear seat of an automobile in front of 

Wesley AME Church about nine mtes northwest of 

Charleston on River Road. 

"Strangely, not a single white person, including the county school superintendent or even 

officials of the Islands' Citizens. Councils, had 

any direct knowledge the Negro adult classes were 

being held. 

"Jenkins, an honor member of the 

National Assn. for the Advancement of Colored People, said he lo~ had been interested in the Negro people of John's Island, where he grew up. - - -

"He said he heard about the Highlander School and its operation sometime before the classes 

were set up. 

"In 1955, two white girl students 

of the Tennessee school came to Charleston. They 

sat with Negroes to observe court procedure, 

They were admitted integrationists. 

"Jenkins recalled they visited his 

John's Island home while here. He said also that 

Myles Horton, founder and director of Highlander Folk School, had visited in Charleston County, Horton last was here about a year ago, Jenkins said, 

"Jenkins said he approached Highlander 

on setting up adult classes here. 

"Highlander personnel, according to 

reports, came here and set up the school and then 

left them to local leadership. Jenkins said the 

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teacher at John's Island is Bernice ~son, who is paid by the foundation throug~~~~i~nder Folk School. He says the teachers at Wadmalaw 

and Edisto Islands also apparently work under the 

same arrangement, 

"She decl.ined to discuss details 

of the operation last night, saying such would 

have to come from Highlander, The arrangement by which teachers are paid and the number or 

students enrolled also are available only through Highlander records at the school's Monteagle, Tenn., headquarters, she said, 

"The class sessions, whilhh last 

about three months for each group of students, 

are held two hours nightly in a building formerly owned by the John's Island School District, The 

property was purchased by Jenkins, who also operates 

a grocery store in front of the strupture housing the classroom, 

"Subjects, besides voting, include 

reading, writing and sewing, Jenkins reported. He said several men and women students can neither 

read nor write, Some progress well, be added, 

"Jenkins teaches the voting classes, 

which are held in conjunction with the Palmetto 

State voters Assn. The association meets each 

Monday night, Its purpose, like that of the 

classes, is to promote Negro registration and 

voting. 

"Students of the classes and persons attending the association meetings, are given sample South Carolina voter registration application blanks. 

"The forms are explained point-by- point and line by line. •we also try to teach them 

the meaning of some of the words,• Jenkins said. 

"The next classes will be held in 

December, Jenkins said. He explained that they 

are held for the period of December through February because no farming is being done during that 

:r;eriod. 

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"Many of the people attending the 

classes, one John's Islander reported, are completely illiterate, They come in from remote 

sections, •some of them never have seen the city,' he explained. 'They have no idea what's going on 

outside their section.• 

"Jenkins, in answer to a question, said he didn't believe Horton of the controversial 

Highlander school is a communist, Jenkins said 

Horton never did or said anything as far as he 

knew to indicate he was a Red, 

"The school has been accused of 

harboring subversive elements and of being a 

breeding ground for agitators. It faces the loss 

of its charter as a privately operated institution 

as a result or the investigation by the Tennessee 

Legislature, 

"'We don't believe in violence,• 

Jenkins said of his association. 'We tell our 

people to be respectful. This thing (integration) can't be done over night. It's a revolution. 

There's no use of us fighting over it.• He said 

the Highlander school hadn't suggested the classes 

as a tool of integration, 

"Jenkins owns, besides the grocery, 

a restaurant in Charleston and some buses, He is 

a leader of the Wesley Church, 

"He says he hopes to start a Negro 

housing project on the island -- to get Negroes out 

of shacks. 

'~Maybe that would serve as an example and they'd try to build better houses,• he commented, 

Jenkins says he believes in teaching by example. He 

has put three children through college, and has one 

child in high school and another in grammar school, 

He says he hopes other Negroes will do likewise." 

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Reurlel elated 8-8-58 to Mr. DeLoach, wllh encloaure. '· 

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rERNMENT 

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Director, FBI (61-12) 

SAC, Knoxville (61-12) 

OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS - C 

DATE: 8/11/59 

Enclosed are two copies of newspaper clippings appearing in The Chattanooga Times, 

a daily publication, Chattanooga, Tennessee, on 

August 2, 1959, page 1, concerning this school. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~H:fLA~Sld@. @j DATE BY OJ?R-r5;e 

c94-&:ra 

· iJ_ Bureau (Encls, 2) 

1 - Knoxville REC- 43 as AUG 13 1959 

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Padlock Petition Against 

j School Being Prepared 

After Whisky Found 

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The Chattanooga Times 

8-2-59 

Page 1 

Chattanooga, 

Tennessee 

mar-tin. s. 

Ochs , Editor 

Knoxville 

Office 

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J AT..I.lf.mJ1ANDER ,-&en~ Eugene l!arkodalo;, 12,; 't: fliUIIL I 4f U>& Jtngelea;Gly Hug 

· I Ca.raw&n· Jr., 32, a1.o ot Loo 

Highlander Fol School tori 

tna.ny yeanJ has been ting 

training aehool or labor 

ARRESTED IN RAID g.;:;~~· ~{:[; :~~ leaden from thrOU&"hOUt the na-~ tion, but .. peeially ln the South, 

and hu pushed openly for a 

speed-up in achool tnterntion in I 

the Southern states. Most of 

Padlock Petition Against· H~ighto, N.Y. 

School Being Prepared Tile men, .., weu .. otnera "'' 

the school, had been participating 

A Iter Whisky Found tn oue or the "'rular IIUJDmer 

the seminars and work8hop1 at 1 

Hirhlander a.re operated on ani 

integrated bui1. ·1 

Charges that the 1chool hu 

Communiatic Itaningl!l were ex· plored rather thoroughly by the 

legiJiative committee, 1everal 

meQ'lbel'JI of which felt t~at the 

ultra-liberal positions of Highlander officials place them inj 

the clus of "Jeft-wingerl." Hor-i 

workshops conducted by the tnsti· 

ZJptcial tution which hu admitted tta to Tht Chattct:1IOO#CI Timet 

! l>IO~~EAGLE, 'l'enn.-Armed strong advocacy of racial integra. 

I with •earch warranta obtaine~ tion. · , 

I late Friday night from a jus"il .. ~tty .. ~.en. Slo~ ~al.~ the ~ad: [ tice of the peace at his home,' I lOCK peuuon l,gtUnst tne scnoo1 

; ·county and alate officen led would be pmented to Circuit 

'"' ..-.:st. Atty. Gen. A. tr. Sloan Judge C. C. Chattin, explaining 

, ra1ded the controversial High- that the school then would have/ 

l1 lander Folk School near here ti~ days to appear In court anti 

. and broke up a banquet atte~d: j, r:i!!:_er the petition. ~ / 

,' ed by 30 or more Negro coup~~~e attorney general Aid I 

'and several white per.sons. 'I peJition ''in a11 ltkehhood'' wo II 

j .Sloan dtsclosed Saturday that ~ Pa~e EJe,•en, Column 0 1 

' he " as prepanng a padlock I/ T T H/ 1

?t"t•l>on ogamst the 8chool. to GHLANDE/f. 

lt>e presented ln court "Wlthml. Rb'S1'ED IN RrD 

thy next few d"'.ys " -- -

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:w Sephma. P·. CiarkJil, ~ !'rom Page One . 

1 .>.' ldentlfted herselt u di~ also Include a request for · or-

, r.-_ or of education at the der tha.t the charter of Hi.t;hlander 

. scnool, was placed unde ar.~ be' revoked. lt such !In order were 

~!·est K!ter officen di"covered Js.o;ued, ft would be directed to the 

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1 qt;.s<Jtitiea of whisky and Jin secr-etary ~r s~te. 

0n th<:! property. A leg~slattve investigatinr 

l Thn-·e young men, who re- t:nmmfttee earlier this year conpott ~dly interfered with the of- eluded its probe of the 1ehool 

f.u:rs in their effort. t.o tskel by urging action leading ioward 

\Mrs. ~lark into eu~tody. also, revocation of the cht.rter. . 

I "f'.re arre~ted and taken to the, . Sloan said he would chaqe Jn 

I Gru~dy County jail In Alta-j huo padlock petition that the 

mont. school is a ''public nuisance" and I ftelee~ied on Bond fJI "enK~ginr in law violation•" by 

, A !l were released early Sat.! posse.ssmg and servinc whl.sky 

: . 1 •nd other fntoxlcattnr bfvorqe.s ; i u:-day morning after posting Jn a dry county. 

1 !'~sh brmds for appearance at I Mrs. Clark, an elde-r)y Negro 

a preliminary hearing next/ "-'oman, was the only schoOl ottJi Thur~dtcy at 4 ).m. in .Alta-; cia.l pres~nt When the n.fd.l~Jr .' ,,:en.~. presumably before Squire party amved late Friday night. , . My\u Horton, d1r-ector ot the · ~ · "nght. who iasued. school, reportedly is abroad Mth 

l.hf' .Ei~arch warrants. I his family. Mrs. Clark told officers 

J Mrl!l. Cla.rk'e bond' wu aet,she was in charge in Horton's aba • $.:'-.[h) on the whisky posses- leJnclenj. I · . h h I 0 Dl" 81 oan tn the raid Were 

1 s10n c arge. T e men. released II Elston Clay, Grundy County ~r-

~~i=~dr:~~~~~ ~;t~;~!~:~ nist conne~tions and tht fnl-1 tfgatora failed to turn up y 

re~proof.to aupport thl cha e.! 

Th committee, however, idl re mmend that the •ch 1'• 

at us u a tax-exempt in!'ltitu n be ended and ill charter~· tevoktd. 

Should Judge Chattin wstain 

the attorney l"eneral'1 plea for 

padlocking the achool, the order 

would remain in e:tfect until the 

October term of circqtt court 

When another }lea.ring would be 

8cheduled on the queaUon Of 

making the order permanent. 

Sloan said Saturday that he 

had J:IO intention Qf denying 

i residf'ntia.l use of the homes on 

the Jrounds of the achool, b11t 

thH hio petition, It pnted, 

would prohibit their ~onttnued 

U.u u gathering place• and aites 

for the .nstit,llian·· ntrul.,r opera.tiom. . · -

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The Chattanoc:v:a Times 

8-2-59 

Page 1 

Chattanooga, 

Tennessee 

Martin S. 

Ochs,Editor 

Knoxville 

Office 

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1 undn bond o! $250 each on J'Jff; Kenneth Shelton, Tenneaee 

! ch~rges or :1 ' ~nest~~, tnf@f. 1 !S:aau 9t' C~minat Ideotif" · · 

; fering with officer~ and rerist- ~ounty deputies and em of 

.---------- lin~ arrest, .w.~re 'd~ntitied ·ujpt~}Ughway patroi .. -, . 

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. . Office Mem~ra~dum . 

( .. UNITED sf}{\Es GOVERNMENT 

TO Director, FBI (61-7511) 

'")X ~:::~o=:~=: <::c~~~;.Dr ... :H 

DATE: 9/11/159 

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MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEB 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

/' Bnclosecl ia original ancl aeven copiea of a 

letterhead memoranclua co11Ce 

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This aemoranclua ia not being clisseainatecl 

to local intelligence agencies. 

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T- 1 - Knoxville -· ·' I . ;· ~- • , . ,.. .. 

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120 SEP 14 195g 

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UNf2n STATES DEPARTMENT OF f!JTICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

In&ply,J'I.aM&f•• 

FiUNo. 

317 Walnut Street, s.w. 

KroxvH.le 02, Ta:!<.essee 

Szptembur 11, 105J 

CONF~TIAl 

i!IGHLcL'IDER FOI..rr SCHOOL 

IJaT'!AAGLE, TEN'i!3G:JEE 

IjT?Ol-tr.!~'r.!ON corrc::m:'.mm 

A copy o~ a mim~ogr~~he~ letter was received 

by the KnoAv~lle Office of the F3I bearing the return 

address of t:1e Highlandnr Fll1l: ::::::~1ool, LfontcP.ffl9, Tenness~e. ThiJ mimej~a~hed letter reaes 3S follows: 

"Eighlander Folk School 

Monteagle, Tennassee 

F:'om }iJJ..e"

1 

.;o~ to Fellow Te~nes3ea.ns: ' 'I "\ · , ~ / ~ T:1e State Legislative Investigatioa instigated 

"/ by A tty, Ge41lo Bruce Bennet of Ar:.ansas spe:::tE.Cularly 

1 _) failed to p:.:-o·?c that Highlander's sta.nd on inte~;ration 

' W!l.S subve:Lc! ~·-;. Hevertheless our District Atty. W1:.B 

!' , I · instructe~ to find SOllie other e-..ccuse for closing the 

school, 

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sh•)l'ke1 al~h~!~e!t ~~";~:: s:::u;~~t~:~J~::.k~b.~gh- -r _;f"f'1 q9 lander's EC:.:cational Director;-an. outstaliding church B. toi'YI!.Ol. . ~ 

woman, wao arrested and hauled off to jail in the midst 

of an intecrrated workshop. (At present she is conducting a woritshop ~<.ttended by 30 people, including a number 

vl ioreign vioitors sent by the State Department, with 

her usual rliG-nity.) 

According to the Nashville Tennessean Sloan 

e.graect that t~s raid, which he ciirected, ws.s for the ~urpo~e of finding whis~ey so he could have the school 

closed, "'It:e members of the lecrislati ve corr!lli ttee gave 

me inform::.tiou mostly on intec;ration &Ild carmunism," 
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CONF~TIAL. Re: HIGHLt.l!D:Sn FOlK SCHOOL f \ 

said Sloan, "and I wasn't satie:fied I could be successful at that. I thought maybe this was the best shot 

and I tllink now I'll be successful." f/Vff 

In a letter of protest, Dr. Roge~inn~~L~~~---­ recently pro:Zessor of Christian Ethii::'s at Vanderbilt - University, wrote: 

After a long history of u~fair heckling and 

absurd charges brought a3ainst the Highlander Folk School, I suppose I should not be surprised at the latest epiGode. But I thought that some of your foes might have the wisdom 

to ~eep quiet after their ridiculous efforts 

at the last session of the state legislature. During my years in Te~nessee I was glad for 

the Christian and democratic idealism of 

Eighlander Folk School. You have been investigated repeatedly anc have been vindicated 

against false and mnlicious charges. 

Sloan is insisting that Highlander be padlocked 

as a public nuisance. A hearincr has been set for Sept. 14 at 9:00 am at the Grundy County Courthouse in Altamont. 

llany oi our friends have written or called to 

say they will be at Altamont early Mondaw morning. I 

would like very much to have you with us also. Your 

very presence ·will show that Tennesseans want fair play and will uo n ~reat deal to keep this unprecedented action from t~rning into a second Scopes Trial. At the 

first bearing the courtroom was paclted w1 th Atty. Sloan's 

rooting section well before court opened. You will want 

to get to Altamont early. Let us !mow if you will want 

to spend Sunday night at Highlander. 

P.s. A few of the many letters of support and encouragement are enclosed." 

The Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville, Tennessee, 

a daily newspaper, in the issue o1 Ausust 1, 1959, carried 

a news article datelined at Montea~le, Tennessee, which 

reported as follows: 
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Re: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

A. 

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"County and sts,te law enforcement officials 

raided inte~·ated Highlander Folk School last night, arrested a Her::ro woman and three white men and consi- cat~d a qua~tity of liquor. --

"Tlle school was the subject of an investigation by the 1959 state Legislature, which sought indication 

of Communistic activities or teachings at the school • 

. V "The ~ro wanan arrested was .~EI •. Septima !'!'":II.A"!R~/f'7'"r ...,-eiark, 61 1 who said she was director· of education for ·· · · · Highlander ~~d in charge during the absence of School 

Director Myles Eorton, now in Europe. 

Liquor in Horton Eome 

11She was charged with poQsessing whisky after 

raiders sai~ they found bottles o1 ain and rum and a keg containin~ whisky in the home of Horton. She was jailed pending receipt of bond. Grunoy County is prohibition. 

"Dist. At'!:y. Ab Sloan, who directed the raid 

along with Grundy County Sheriff Elston Clay &ld Tennessee 

Bureau of Identification Agent Kenneth Shelton, said he 

plans to file a petition seelting that Highlander be declared a ptlblic nuisance and be closed. 

"The raiding part of 15 hit the school shortly after an estimated 30 Negro men and women and several 

young white couples had finished a banquet and were 

watching a movie. 

"The search warrant was signed by Justice of 

the Peace John P. Wright. 

Held on Several Charges 

"ot:"ers arrested and jailed at Altamount, the '1 

county -~eat, on ~barges_ ?f drunltei?-ness, ~nte~f!ring a ••••mL llf3 

with officers and resisting arrest were Bron't...Eugene "'~=·· -·- 1 q · ~rk!!_da,leJ 22, of IE.":! Angeles •.. Gq.lif. I GUY. Hug~es car a.- _a._ ~!R X: - r "*wan, _Jr., 32, of ~s- Angelesfl~--f(!;r:r.y.JII\.Q.It.a~turgeE!., a. APPROX. 1 /;; 'Jr., 34, Shelter Island Heights, N.Y. -~ · ---- -·---·----~--

-3-
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Be: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOl, 

"A com;·ui ttee from the 1959 Legislature held 

several hearings on Highlander and then visited the 

school itself. It reported it found the school engaged in a "very questionable activity" and reoOQ!Dended its 

tax-exempt charter be revoked. 

"Lorton has denied repeatedly any Colamunistic 

connections at the school. The school does not hold 

formal classes but conducts discussions and seminars 

and is frequently address(;)d by guest speakers." 

(!... 

advised to 'tne 

effect an institution 

located near l.lonteagle, Tennesoee. It is an institution with classes on a seminar basis and is supported lll'imarily by donations from individuals, f:::·om labor 

unions in the form of payments for students who attend, 

and to .sooe extent by the Farmers Union. It offers 

courses of instruction in labor Ol",:>a.lization, social eco~omics, parliamentary procedure, and the general ., .. t:.,.-1 _., ,",.,""'" n. ... ,,., .... ~+.; .... ""' ...... .:,.. ......... ~---'1 1.~- "'-...J "'---··-.z-.a. p;;t; ;;mb;;;· o;~it;~;t;ff ~d~a~~i~ir~~to;;~~~h~~b~ 

followed the practice of welcoming Communi~t P3i•ty members 

as students, but to my knowlecl3e the school bas never 

offered courses of instruction in Communist matters nor 

has the Cornmunis~lement ever completely controlled 

the institution" ._J ~ lA 

This melt'orandum is loo.>1ed 

and neither it nor its contents are 

outside tho a~eucy to w~!ch loaned. 

-~.-

to you by the FBI, 

to be distributed 
' ._ . 

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u£ED STATES DEPARTM,ENT OF~STICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

In Reply, Pl«M.IUfor 10 

FikNo. 

617 Walnut Street, s.w. 

Knoxville 02, Tennessee 

September 11, 1959 

HIGHLANDER FOI~ SCTIOOL 

MIJilTEAGLE, nnnmSSEE 

IIlFORMATION CONCERNING 

~~1e4ence is made to·letterhe~d memorandum 

dated Septeu~er 11, 1959, at Knoxville, Tennessee. 

T;::is mer.1orandum is loru.'.Gr.l to you by the FBI, 

and neither it nor its contents are to be distributed 

outside the asency to which loaned. 

1\LL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLP,SSIFIEDf" 

DATE .:?\a\~ BY ;w~"~~~~ ~~ J 
: ... 

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AU eoat14nUa1 IDtCIIl"'IR\8 l'ei"U"n4 to Sa~ 

... OND4u ban turD!uecl l'ellable lDtcmaaUon Sa the pad. 

~::: · · :,;. turnbhe4 

k , ., .lli6hlaDiiar J'olk School~ . _. c "'\r..t; (pI- 7511- ~ ~ '· -~- ~- •!be Bigblallller Polk School la~.n 1nat1tut1on _ · _ 

r•· . ~ located MU' llonteasle, ~·nne••••· It 1a an lnatUutlOD 

· ~ fT vith ol••••• on a aemtnar baala and aupported prt.ar1l7 , • . !J,t \.l.or.atlona !'rca lndJ:wldwtla, !'1"0111 labOl" uniona lijJlw · • ~ ~ torm ot paJMnta 1"01" •tudenta ttho aUeD4, ~4 to • ·--+-

i'- .-• .-· ·:. ~ ~ utent b7 ~ ~ar~'•._vn;~"';-~~--~t_·.~~ 'om:~•• IS S£P 16 195 

~,$~ ·~~. ••~~d{(:":. (::··~~r ~~:·.':"V~) ..... 0 • 

···[";'•'/~ 1iOTE: SU:bst.nce or ibove furnished OSI-4 Ap;U Z7' 1956, in' ·-... :reeponee to name check. Thumbqail aketch re Highlander Polk ·. ,-, · "'"'- ---School checklJup to date with J.~lt/~#.1 Organization Desk. 

\QJ; oat ____ _ 

;"' ~~' --., 1,. 111emo classified "Con~ential" inasmuch a a the informants' : -" r, t 1 tj es j!{,l ahould not be rena led as it might be dangerous - -\· to the security or the United State•t ,.. - _ ~ i'ht• document contain• neither recommendations nor cone ualona of the F"BI. It 1e the prope 'I 

- r- p ~ tf· rs~ 1a loaned to yoW' aqency· u and it• content• are not to t.. diatributed outeld• ~ 

w r '\.to .\:rj 'St. N,'4i,:~~i:JThJa ~ iD auwer to your 'requ.eet for a check of F'Bl filea. b _ _ _ · . . • , . :DECLA~S~ BY .SEB:t3.J::Sl.~' 

~:i_' ,~:~ --- WAIL floow r:::::J TELETYPE UNIT t:::J -· . ~ . . . G: '3t ptd't d{fg-# - ---- . ---

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Highlander Polk School 

H7lea Borton, Director 

Mon\eaglo, !enueaaoo 

• 1._;. 

- ~· "'; . ,.. .. 

t - ~ . .'. ·. -

1Datr110t1on 1D labor wgaDisaUOQ, aoolal eooa0111oa, 

parl1a11entarr procedure and tho senoral tilcl or labor 

oducatlOD. filia aohool baa ~d C~at Part7 a .. 'bera 

011 ita atatr aa lnatr~~Ctora,Land h .. followed the praotioo 

ot welcoming Com.uniat Part7 .. abara aa atudenta, but •• 

aJ knowledge, tho aohool baa DOYOJ' otterad 00\U'aOI 8r 

instruction 1n 0011l11111D1at •ttera nor baa tho oo~ 

element eYer 0011Plotel7 controlled the "1nat1tut1on.• _J~ 

Another Governmental agenc7 which cODdiiCta 

intelligence imeat1gatione baa adYiaed that Lou.itl JTaDDia 

Budem:, toraer editor ot tho •oa117 Worker,• an aaat 

coaet OOillllltmiat nevapaper vhloh aupended publication · .ranuarr 1), 19$6, aDd an acllllttod tor111ar attioia1 

in the Communist Part7, adviaod on Bove~ar 21, 19$2, that 

the Highlander Polk School waa prooOIIIIIUDiat. 

OD April 19, 1949, Paul Crouch, a aelt-adJIIittod 

ormer member or the ColllllllDiat Part7, turnlahed to thia ,N~ ureau a aignod atatement 1D ~lob ha described K71aa - "i'Y 4 orton aa a _!ott vsnlt S.QCJ.aliat wbo--W&a-.&lwaJ• elGH--*0--. · LelfoDI!IIuniat Part7~ According to thla atatement Bortoa 

met>tlt1Corl'!c1ala -and repreeentat1na ot the Commtmiat 

Part;r to dlacua pol1o7 and procedure during the perlod h011 

1939 to 19411 and, eYen though ha ahowed aomo independence 1n th011gbt, BortOD uual17 t'ollowod tho Connunlat Part7 Uno. 

!he atatement oont1nuea that 1D 1941 Borton could have 

been described •• a oloae armpathlzer and follower ot tba 

COIIUlluDiat l'art7 Un•J and th.at hie vU'a 1 Z7lph1a Borton, 

waa even closer to tho Part7 than her husband. Accordlns 

to Cro~&ch•a atatemont, when he laat aaw ZJ'lphla Bortcm 

1n 1941 aha waa aer1oaa1J oons14er1ns JolD!.ng the Conmunlat far~. 
,. ,'• :- __ , ;, . ~ ·: 

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Highlander Poll!; Sobool 

MJlea Borton, Director 

Monteagle, ~•an••••• 

line 1n political, eoonom1o, aDd aocial dootrinea and 

aaaociated with known O~unlat PartJ aembera. In tbe 

opinion or the 1D.toriD8nt, BortaD vaa not a aea!Mzo ot \lie 

OOIIIIIUDiat Partr. 

Por JOIU' additional lntorut1on plea .. l»e 

adv1ud that JVlea Borton ref'erred to abon teatU'ied 1D p~blio aeaaion bef'ore the Jenner Committee on Karch 20, 

l9S4. You mar d eail'o to oonault recorda or thia Committee 

ror additional 1ntormat1on concerning the aubjeot or JOGr 

1nqu1r,r. !he B1~lander Polk School haa been tbo aubjeot 

ot considerable newspaper publ1c1t7 ln the State ot 

!enneaaeo, partioularlJ, 1n the Chattanooga, ~ennoaaoe 

area. (61-7$11-193) • 

COJIP~!UL 
.... .._. ' .. .._; 

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,;.: .·· . 

" UNITED GOVERN~ENT 

TO Director,#FBI (61-7511) DATE: 11/5/59 

'~ M 

SAC, Knoxville (61-12) 

\ . UBJECI': 0 HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

!1 Monteagle, Tennessee '·y" INFORMATION CONCERNING 

I 

{; Enclosed for Bureau files 

copy each of four news articles 

Highlander Folk School. 

is one autostat 

concerning the 

These news items result from a hearing brought 

against the school by State authorities seeking to 

revoke the charter of the school.' 

~101 

CiJ- Bureau (Enclosures 4) 

1 - Knoxville 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~~~LASSIFIED:al~ DATE BY OJ? K t\1 114: 

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QUI I.. 8ltafA - -~ 

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All iNFORMATION CONTAiNED 

HEREI~~ ~CLASSIFIED DATE BY~fJitl('J..; 8 

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• . . . .

::Highfonder Padlock Suit Dropped, 

;i State to Ask Charter Be Revoked. i 

Clash of Attorneys 

Starts Off Hearing 

.71'. OLUI1' 'U'f;'NZ r .,.,..,, .. ,.,..., lk/1 ,._. · · 

I ALTAJo!ONT-fte ota1o .. 

-· .. "'~ Wo moi"Dinl It weald 1 not p'lrwe effort. to oM&&n a · permanent s-41ock lnjllactloD t 

on U!e m&ln educaUon bu.lldJ..D&' ·

1

. at H1ghlander Folk 1 c boo L )oc:at~ near JIODteacte, Tum., 

'

but tha.t It wou1d. .eek revaca- t.Jon of Ule IChool .. c::la&rtaT. , AffPl" approxlmattty two and 

1

' .. halt. ~ourw of lepl ...,.-t h~tw-"! th~ .U.ta llld I>e:fmM 

1

1 Atty. Cecil BraNtetter fJI Nubvill~. & JelectJ.on at a jury _... I h--"<''"' 

I

. Judge Cheater Chattin on:rruled a demurrer fJJed bp &.be 

: d~~rruH' to an amefldm•t to i thP onglnal bill aca!Nt Ht&h· 

( la!'ld('r Falk I c boa J. AIDD&I JUDGE • othN thinp the dcnurrer .. . 

': out<'<l that tho "cqtn&l amend· lllo llat. lllat RlcbJaAdor II 1 the - 1114 - - · «1 bdl ~owo 011 II• foco !bat It eoncluctln,( lnto.....,lol - In un<Mr 1111 Ul:ll Am-ODt,- ! i1 multlf&rioua." ~ , ftoi&Uoa fill a eWe eode .eec· a eorpwatica il u · &l"tifttUl 

I Atty. Bronatott.r tJoo arJUOd tkm. Att7. --- &I'IU~ body and to..,, ad~ cl tllo 

'that U.. cherpo ap!Dat JIIP· lllat IDIIICratloll "-" -llold Ullltod alMa · . c • . ·, ; · 1 Ia ndt' r Folk lldiool .,..,. --a to be anc:out1tBtloD&l. · A Uy. ~ ' ...-tid 

'ahotgun approach t.ryiDc &o f1a4 However, the ltata &1"1'\Md that U. COI"'ppft.Uoa II a eiU.. 

1 

oom•thlnc. 

P.elotive to 

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for lllatoaJilol llo _..,. OMTIIOI Uon 

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. Partly lo y, 11oa1 11oo -utu-.a~ ....,t., lo.tto.ot .• """ '· cw... u 

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,._... ALL INFORMATION CO~lTAINED 

HEREI~~~:LASSIFiw '"· DATE . BY ~~(£!9, .. 

Che~tanooga N!:>ws-Frsu Press 

Chat.ta:tooga, 'I'en:illssee 11-~~q . . . 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at thi" location in the filv. One or mow of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion 

Deleted under exemption(s) _____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to vou. 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third part~ with no n>f't·rPnee to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third part~. Your nam(' is listed in thL· title only. 

/ 

~·· D4JlCument<s) origi~ing with th~ following go\'ernnwnt agPill'\'(ips), ____________ _ 

,1-U) C; Wf.J._.., G- C IIT__!_ __ __Li_6:-_i;_(j__('jl'. ___ , wa:·dwf•n• forwarded to thPrn for direct response to you. , 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thP fol]oY.ing g:oH·rnmcnt agPncy(ips); 

______ -~- ___________ as thl· information originated with them. You will 

be <Hi\·ised uf availability upon rdum of thP matPr!al tn tht' FBI. 

Pagc>(s) withheld for the following rPasonh): 

0 'For your infonnation: --~-

-~-~------- ----------

~he following number is to be used for rcferC'ncc r('garding thC'S(' pagps: 

__ t:,-:_1_:-:.2_511-;;; £ --- ..... - -- ----- . --------

XY.XXXX 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<S> X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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F81/00J 
4-750 !2-7-79) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thl• fill•. OnP or morP of the following statements, where 

;ndicated, explain this deletion. J: j 

[!I' Deleted under exemption(s) ~ _______________________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

~ Information pertained only to a third part:-., with no refPrPJH'e to ~'OU or the subject of your request. 

C lnfonnation pet-wined only to a third ~arty. Your namP is listt>d in the title only. 

[J Document(s) originating with th€' following g(IYl'mment ag<-'nn (iL·s) • ________________ _ 

____ __________ _ , v-.a:-,/wt•fl• forwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thL· following gon•rnment agt·ncy(iesl; 

a:-. tlw inf(Jmmtinn originated with them. You will 

i1·· Rdvised of availability upon retum of thL· maknal to tlw FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rt'ason(s): 

-------------

~ For your infonnation: . - - . -------------------------

-------- ------·-----------

I

,/ 

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X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/DOJ 
TO 

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SUBJECT: 

'b (~ • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

aiGHLANDER POLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

DATE: 

; Enclosed for Bureau files is one 

2/5/60 

autostat copy of news article in Chattanooga Times, Chattanooga, Tennessee, issue of 1/12/60 

concerning the Highlander Folk School. 

This item relates to the pending case 

brought by state authorities seeking to revoke 

the charter of the school. 

(/.;,_/ fi 

(/' ~~ Bureau (Encl. - 1) -7- Knoxville 

/,i1C-- 'ftat 

I 

I E:l{CLOS'CJR -\_, J ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED \ 

E '\' HEREIN 

DATE 3 

\S 

.J 

~NCLASSifldl al!- BY smr ~ 1 

J.Li.'J6 

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15 Om Granted to Statt 

for FHing of 8rilh by 

Judge ~ C. Chattin · 

. '· 

. ' 

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ld. u. 196o 

DOI'fiiU DIVl3ml 
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·( .. :.'·__.. ..... oo_,.( ~.,1 IOIG-10....01 •, • ............... 

UNITED STATES ·-.~'ERNMENT 

Memorandum ' 

TO DIRECTOR, PBI (61-7511) ¥ . ~~1c, LOUISVZLLE {61-42) 

DATE: Ji'ebrua%'7 29, 1960 

FROM : 

SUBJECT: (/~JG~l'lDER Ji'OL}[ SCHOOL . ~LL.INFOR~t~TION CON. 

oo:n · · ·. HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED -. · --

nc PI.C:IIl!JU.J..EI 

____ ... - , 

.&.W\tl~a:r, 

_ .. h_ 

--tt 

,. ,,. 

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tr:.n 

"J:I• 

DATE 

-· ••.., 

31;;1.1 r l c-4 - RV 

- • 

'SP'6 4 &\l~ a....,....;-

l(<f ~ CJ. T-S &Jj. '!'he Leuiaville '!'iaejW"LL~sville, K:entueq, a news-. 

paper or general circulation, on 2/20/60, carried a sto%'7 

reporting that»PRIERDS Dli'.BIGHLARDER, identified as •a new 

organization here,• aight be called upon to raise tunds to ~ar~~t~gation, in which the charter ot the HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL was revoked, to the Supreme Court. The stor.y reported that the school's charter was revoked b7 a Tennessee Circuit 

Court on 2/16/60. _ *''I· . ·.. . . . Niss DORCA~RUTHEKBURG~ identified in the ato%'7 

but known to be a Wl"1ttt_r,_!2irector ... _p~oducer at wnAS.:_::_~diQ.. 

s.r.d w:HAS - n, Louisville stations, who has received awards 

tor "public service" programs) was identified as tempora%'7 :'1airman or the newl7-tor111ed group. The sroup waSBiid-,;crconsist ot 58 Negro and white civic and educational leaders. 

~he storY did not directly state but imPlied that 

Miss ALic:m:::coBil~ "a religious educator, tormer Kentuck;y school 

teacher and social worker," who-stoppad in Louisville on 

2/19/60, "on her wa7 to clear ber things ott the premises• 

ot the school, waa instrumental in formation ot the Louisville group. . _!;:J;----- ' 

According to the stor,r, "Miss COBB told a ator,r or 

months or harassment ot the school and its start, leading up 

to the court's contention that HIGHLANDER violates Tennessee's ~~gregation laws as the7 appl7 to private schools.• She 

reportedly said, "Southerner's main objection to the school 

is its workshops teaching uneducated Negroes and white persons 

how to pass literac7 requirements tor voting. • _ . _ .. 

N1ss COBB was turther identified as a former communit7-organization consultant tor the Kentuck;y State Child Weltar~ Department ter three 7ears, under tormer Governor ..,......_ ~~. q \ J2.JJ.' p;·.. •:·\ ~-\' Jr '\ . \ . ' .. f' ~ ' . •"' 

{2)- Bureau (6l-75ll)(RJilj ·' · ·. '· ·.·· '1r- Knoxville (6l~l2)(RJil) . · 2- Louisville· -r .·:·.I.·· 

(1 - 61-42) .. 

--- ( 1 - 44-200) 

67.f11960 ?-~ 

REG- 10 . t, 1-7 .r I I_ - . 

EX-1 
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LS 61-42 

'. 

EARLE C. CLEMEKTS 

years in the Pine 

.. 

prior tO Which She wOrked tor ·about ten.-- ..... --~-·-~. l•·, 

Jllountain Settle•.ent School, Harlan Count7, , ·. : .. · •· ·' • -I( ; ., . • • - ?· -· . ' 

This is being furnished to the Bureau and-~noxville 

!or information. •o investigation is being conducted lJAC;·. 

Any information received will be turnished Knoxville and the 

Bureau. - . • - l 

...... 

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,._ 

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i. ·'!';;. •--' ...,., ... 

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... _ ·.,~. .• _·. ... , - . 

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.. :. ~- · -· ~ -. -. :: .,_ -;:_ · :·::/?Y/~·\·::~;:~/{:-~~\ ~:::f:~--:~~---~-~--:.rs~~-:.~:.)·:;_f_c~~:~ >~ :- !::~~--: ~7,--:~~-:. -;_ 

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. ... ~ +, .f.t •• D...,.Mo«>... c~ 

Office Memo'i·andum · U~ITED ST<x\Es GOVERN:~T TO Director, FBI {61-7511) DATE: 3/2/60 

SUBJECT: 

SAC, Knoxville {Gl-12) 

~IGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

INFORMATION C~NCERNING 

Enclosed for Bureau files are one each autostatic 

copy of the following news articles concerning the Highlander 

Folk School. These news items relate to the case brought by 

the state of Tennessee authorities seeking to revoke the 

charter of the school: 

News article in Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville, 

Tennessee, 2/16/60 

News article in Chattanooga News-Free Press, 

Chattanooga, Tennessee, 2/16/60 

Editorial in Chattanooga News-Free Press, 2/17/60 

Editorial in Chattanooga Times, 2/17/60 

News article in Chattanooga News-Free Press, 2/20/60 

News article in Knoxville News-Sentinel, 2/23/60 

Jfh-..."t~~ ~·-Bureau {Encls 

1 - Knoxville 6t~0..0"'"'" 

.-/pa -T35' 

ALL INFORMATION 

HEREI~*~~LASSIFIEO f@ DATE BY &RP£1 I 

~4 ,r:s-; 
. -· 

/ 

''' . · .. '-/ . < •• 

'.-- . ..; ... ~ ~ .. 

-... . .... . .. 

. I . - . .· 

~~vol~ed by Court ~- ·' ..... _ ~ ~- -... --·- ~fa !6~ ·tnrfrrP. Ci1es ~t -~ .............. ~ ................. _c..-.-.. · ~ :":"'(~ "b •'*"-••'"' .., ....... ·na-.n..-o~a-...-1 x=:w 

;;a.:·Hl;"Mie~ :--.:.~. '~ ro.!!;':::'.tt .... ~om!: L' z ~ > .M'"~W .,-e ·--

Segregation 

Violations 

School Given 

30 Dcys To Ask 

for New Trial I 

At 1' AlfO\'T, TPnn , Ftb 1t 11-- 1 

C>•-:: JJo'< c. c. Ch':tin to-· c~oj· revokr<l tht chan<r <I ron· 

tt"tivw;;rl Rl;,"J.:::~~r foll Schoo! : • · r " :(-"'j Li'.c inlrrne-ia1 adult eG..J.~u.')r: t'lt»tt'1" w.;ar Mtr.t~q:lt 

fL ·«! lrldrr .. ~,.,.,..,..,. C-

' 1: ... 11 JH!~ *~I~ MN Ill "- €"--.. , ('.•·--..;:• C{J(:;-t 

J' .. · .~ '"""t · lh< od.ool llad 

.Lt.!_"; ·.~ i;;;~· ~~~-'1~-~~·~ rc· <f' ~-

~ ):A_." n;.~c-d fur!Mr th1t a 

~,. .~ ,-i·· i""~': '~"''~ PJP~ kl 

).;, 1t!S Hubn. iti fou:ldior·prt»- tr"~~ . ., ~~ k.n!1d and thl! tht 

p::. ·:--.~ •~··•;;! 70 letT'~. mw;t W 

11.1 c,o_;! t..U. 10 II>• achool. 

L-w Ot.'!t"~ 

-~·cb to rue lor a - 11'111. auwUaaal Tbe· •rendant IUT· 0 < co 

Allenley, ell . IJMor'irWI!olhat lbo 14th Amend- ___ ;::_-J t'---

TIIero WH 110 ial-llo ....,. bent Ill thr Con:o\itutioo ol tho < ~ ~~ .. oont t1Wl H•A!Uand"' ollln.IJ. U. S. fonlido lllle a<boo t.a-;ed :!!; ==»~I 

Ia Nas•n Ilk. -. C«~ iillnD-j [' rec.. ..._, ~ Q:: M ""1<1'· ""...,.,. for •r.t-v._ -tift,. "-'' eo..n held os 0 - .. id lor -u.s lllo a--... "1' lallowa "' .. ._, euc: 'Jio ~ 2: ~~ clorl'o~on ~u DOl t!IDselh~r N>ndud~. thtl. In tho il'ld ol piiD- ~ LU L&J ~__, In Uonln all De oductUOD ., 'tho cloctnno of -J Q:: .... ........ ~~ Iince qu~ I lf"PPr&t.e M ~·1 has no plal"f'.· -1 L_] _,. 

tht j_llr-vii and PE'OPk m thr -~·· "Thr ftlatar (the ltate) -insisu _... :;:: ---. murul)· •• tho ~ lhows. liM-y h h h tdi d -• - - Q all uld that Ulty did not btlif'\"~ t at t II o na: oet _not J'I:"IIUtr 

tn ad Aii tt u 1pinl:t Lht 11alult un'l"'nSUtutKVlll •• to 

1 

-------· !Mir ,..\::for whi:.S and,.,.. t;v~~ O:"!';.,t~ The• r.r,oxvillt: News 

JI'Oft •• "' lit t:' ~-Wilt~,.~ tO.,.·~·~.,., ,r- ~~ ~ ... ••t~n(·l !'DOf'n !.raDStrt.~ ukf A • •L.......I ..._. __.. ----~ _ , • __ ,~ ··---·-·'",,"' ..,. __ _ otiw-r' ~ 11\L'/1"1. ~ WRP' ,,..... 1"""" iUDjt'(.'l .ur,pr ..,. &.l'G •· II' 1 "'II VA -w " 1. .& It" t 1 t:Ull • 

· thr .-..11oe1 il d ,_.. j.o.-r ""'"·or. lo "'" lllr "'"" "'-'~" ti. Miller 

1111<0 -~--'-.. ~ ..,.. --·"'· ...., 1111} di • ~'!' 1 dnlr -~ " b. l'CftS!IIutionalln operatioo •·ith E tor • Coo1o...... T'OSpoet to ·oome """""" ml /lr.'fd~ Edition 

0.1t1ir.'t 411ptnion uh! •·Hi~· 5'!ates or r.act, and unconstitutil)no&l --,-t-~o.:!:::J_~-

Ian<lrr adii\IU M p-ac1icoo Int.- to oth<rs." ,.-:::::.. 

lf&tion ar.d u.at h II a print• 01altin then Nlod: Dated ?-- j(r- ~ ln<titution. 'That II It an adult "Th• t'GW'1 Is at tho opinion 

f!dacation W.tituttcm was provf'd . lhal tM lf'ZfC'I:ltion Ia..,.-, ol tht: / 

by 1 pn;oodu_awe fll ..tdtr\."" ·~lilt as 1ppl~ to pnut~> a.chc?ls I Page --L---'- 11 th~ trttf- &I? t'Or: t.!UIIMIJ lnd nlid • • ."' 

'l'lw ..... ~ ........ J.,;;;- - ..... l«tu.<l 

ol thr T..,.,._ Oodr that ,..... O.otim UJd. H•ihlindcr \iO· II HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOC 

'lidos lotod tha mminal lows or lh• .. -· . ,. "It allall br lllllo•1ul for IID1 beor on athool proporty. j MONTE,.GLE, TENN 

oehool. acadomy, ..Uetlf. or other sa~o by pcrmlltini the ule o! INFORMATION CONCERNH 

pi•= of "'•rai"J to all"'" white "Tho""""-" br.oaid, •·is oriBUFILE 61 7511 

and coto_rod, ~~ ~~ "! ~ opinion_ tlut lh• ddrnd- i - 11mf' ln'I004. •natJII"'TD,-, ~ur. ... - I Mil ftll1nJ' \1Gtlled lht rriminal 

other plart"• ol .,.amlft&.• · ins e1 ~ lll!t in that d bas - ·~ .... ,. loailll. Qfoi.IILW! _ ....... at!• <I ........ br 'lurned 

lflthoal a .at permit. apon 1r 

jll •=se. ~ 

and 

per 111 II till 1 lntt~~r•Uon ill 1b 

scboo!. t!'crt.s : !or!~lt'.ue iii 11 

dlt.JUT, lloo ..,.ondant barilla •· .. ;>:od lis chtr'ltr wilh tlto ...,. dllion 111&1 •a 'llolttiDII <1 'Ill." o1 

tho P<OvlliCI!\I at lhil dw1w 

shall aut:!~-~ tht· t'arpora.Uon in!o 

cll&oolution 11 lilt tn.l<~e~~co <1 a.. 

~:- ·~· . :._d .. 1 

~~fi-r,?!.:~-o?1 D ~ -· l 
4 ~-:-. 

~~ ;~ander ~1ii j Wordin! Given -:_ . · 

IQI.,"J'H PiTT&BUIG, TiM., 

Fob. ~ (UPI)-J u d 1• o...ter 

Olattin JtalmiiJ ...... VN Che 

slalt'a apinion on •hat lhoild bt 

aald In O.a!llll'a rrvocatlon ... 

;'~~ Hlahlallder Folk Scllocl'~o 

~dl Brans~loT of Nashrille, 

de!enat attoraty lor lhe """trovtraa.l radalJy lntf'IJ"Ited inltJtu. 

~on nur ldonteacJ<, II also a· ,......""to •~~r<n a- -..~ Wet - '"'- --·-· -" 

f""""·~ .. - llw - t li 

..,. 

O..tU. 

pi hla r.an """· 

MM 

1l>t 

lit1w 

e>'tlllllal • ~ .. I d•r will 10 Into the ft<'OI'd and 

~~;:.~,~.::: ~.:: :: 

After U.. decr .. ·o llilllanc:e, lhe 

defmte baa II da)'l In whicll .. 

appral 

Bri/IN!I.tr had Indicated he will 

uk·for a ntw !rial. ' 

Ola!llll ordered the t •• rt er ,.vocation loa! wtek ~inC. In hil 

opinion, ""' ..-·. lnl..,-atod 

...,.lnll'l and worltshops vloltl.a 

~.: J:.ato'a.:aeert:.::.::pll::::""=.'-;;:::.·:....._. -~-

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS U~~CLASSIFI£0 " 

DATE w)J/ "8'4 BY rJP$.,_~~-0 

I 

L------

-------- Tbc Knoxville News 

Sentinel 

Knoxville, Tenn. 

Loye W. Miller, 

Editor. LJo wee_ Edition 

' 

Dated ;. - 2 }'- (rC 

Page /l_ - b 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENN 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

BUFILE 61-7511 
' ::. ; - :.-.-~ 

··:.: .- • <( ... 

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• .._# ., . ~ ,:... -· ..... 

·' .· -- ·~ 

I . . 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED . 

HEREIN IS HNCLASSIFIED -~ . OAT~ 8/cl. ?If· BY Q"Pf?'~QY /)q ~ 

- .... 

I 

HIGHL 

MONTE 

INFOR 

BUFIL 

... 

• 

."··.r,ttenooga News-

'!'ell Press 

-17-bO 

i.t<t.t.tmcoga. Tenn. 

ee Anderson. Editc· 

noxville Division 

NDER FOLK SCHOOL 

GLE, TENN 

TION CONCERNING 

61-7511 J--------

' 

' 
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~;;_~4':'-~ 

~}~~~~£ !; 

' 

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).(--~ r~"'""' t'='lt! nr-wamm the .. ~_1 s r<:~il ~ j u.-UI mHt Mondt.y 

.c.: .. -.etC~;,· at •n unspedfle4 

~:a.-~ to meke pla.nt tOt COD· 

~· --· • ~ .._ .. ( ":'&tlOM1 PTOrram 

wr.;:? 1:.:~lilU' J~:a.J 1tep1 are :J. :. ~ :' 

Jud;;e Chal'tia ftvo):f'd tbt f!-:~. :::.: cl:..u la 'I'uead.a.y VIII 

J?":!"JJ'!dJ U:a.t ~tr ~..;auld' UJei'f 1i;q:-tt.'!~·. t.t:at intt:{rtl.t.ton at tht .,_~ . ...,..~~ v· ~~ .. ·...,... T!!nT:e._.. 

!'ff'.':-r }.! :Hot Rr-~'::'n ha4 Tt •~~ ... -~ (':f li!..:d ~H~~d to htin from 

;.: .. ,. ~~- . , ·"' .... ......... ~,,.. ~ WOWI r-:-- · - 1- ,-. . :~; ""' ... t.bct a ~ ........ : ... f-'f'C:_; ~! ftj;.t,ly.,- ...... 

; :', !· ~--=:-A nr- •ff!II!F"'I or the 

~ - ~· -t-·~- £ut abe ia· 

_.,_. ,. -!!.:.1.:: '"·' (~'>·_:·eoue-re-ma1 

.. ' ·~:-·'", ;..- ~ .. · · --:: !':'Jr the ~bocd 

lil.~..,:~ie properQ' . II 

ttt·...u;-... 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

I 

l. 

l~:!t~~~;a NewsChattanooga. 

Tennessee 

2-20-60 

I C it y Ed i ti on 

Lee Arrl orson. 

Editor 

Page 3 

Column 1 

Knoxville Divisicn 

HEREIN IS V~ClASSlFIEO\ 1-

DATE c1/~~ BYc5P8:~~ I 

.··· ,, ' :, .• , ,_, ,',X~ .. :JJ ::· • ~ _ • 

1 

f;?l-: ' '1..:;_ /_ / -"') IV 

LJ" _ _, -·....I.U.Li.L 
··'··. 

;."i.· .· :.;..: -t· . • '.· 

. ' . . . 

I 

.. 

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rtt It 

·~' .,.._ .. ·.-:· .... .. . i .,..}.< 

TC !Ugh lander Rullna,' . ~.:"'·. "'~- . .... ,. A l~rialatin eommittH. lllve.U,.Ud mp. : 

lander Folk School. aear llontea,orle, followial- a 

'ecommendation In J&nuary 18~~ from AruAtl4.,ey Genrral Bru~ Btllllett, 'Wiao ll&ld t11at f. 

HirhlAndrr .,..,.. In hia dl&triet he W<luld c1- It 

Today Jdr. B.ru!ott, who came to NubYIIIe a' 

yu.r agu Lo c:on~ult with the committ.e.,1a ..,..."'. 

IIODle!binJ Jr.u•t be iloilo to counter all tilt Jun\o· 

fw publicity Arkanau baa received ID lhi: lie~ 

ratio>n :oontl'l>voroy. But whate~ ot1t 111a7 tliiQ 

cf Hi~blander-&Dd, &I we have alated, we ue.ac¢ 

ud lone aot been partlu.na cf tht ~~~:belli :It 

atanda eloaed In a mnnll%!'len'Al eue o! poraecuisce' 

end politleal aell·tlorl!lcatlon that dote 'l'elm .. 

- damage In 'the Oyea of a freedom-lo..tDr utlcm.· 

'!'he General .A .. embl)'a committee, after a 

1-5.000 lnqul!j· Ill which Gov. EU!nJ'(OB aho...S & 

not<b!e J..ct of rnthua!um, dl~ed Dialrlct .U.. 

to"'•Y SlOAn of South Pittaburr to IJI.v•tip~ 

the poP~aibility of ciosiq the aehooi. Tfto oi the 

Auembly'a b<>lt-kno..-n oxtrOllllata, puahlll& tlla 

;.:c!=;r, hir.~eC o! a;;.bvtraian. 

At no time in ibe trial of the cue, bowtvtr, 

h• oubvtrtlion b<en eharged by the alate. ..t.t c~t tim~. !n hct, the clar&:e5 'f:'tre rtduced. to-

••lling bur ..-lthout a license and personal Jain 

by Hi&hlander'a clirector, :Li)·!u Horton. T•U. 

rnony al-.owe~ that oome beor had ID fact been 

. onld and that llr. Horton had beell deeded propo 

frt)' at !be ochuol ID retu"' for a number., yean' 

vnict ~·~thout u.lary. l!r. 81'l&D 1tatPd at oae 

f":".t lhot tho aebool'a policy of 14tegraUon aiDoe 

H: i ~•d "no! a thin~ in tht ,..orld" to do wttll 

the cue. '"lt Ia ur• lo.i-h• lndlvld•allf h~ waata 

to t><!•!lv. .-ftt .. !.,...(';f'OO~I drlt!ld t.he law.•. I. • . 

B"! the ._,,..l:•:.!on; .•.c!.ic.:o &lid tta up~· 

t>~ l---.(11 1r! (e.':t, d~ra~ H:;tluct.t. ;:~ · · '· 

.Jud;;;e ClltaL<.r C. Cbattill, flnda tllat. IJ\~.! 

-· 

., .......... I 

---~ 

I 

ANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

AGLE, TENN 

MATION CONCERNING 

E 61-7511 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~? riJCLASSIFIED ~ DATE $ 'B'4- BYcSP__']~9 .. ........ • - ....., ....... C7"'oo 

{ 

l 
... . , .. 

viOJUtian· or, sturebatron ··z;pu;, Sale~ ol Beer Cited by :~udge··;~ 

I 

All INFORMATION CONTArNi8 

HEREIN IS UNCLV'Sldii 

DAT£_31, IX"u av ~=:__A , '\. 

- .,.;· . ·-;rs-~ 

.. .., . ·.·. . -~·~ ... :.-. ·.:. ;., ... :· 

:~, ... t":' .·\'_,..::~·.;.:.· •• 

. . 

hkttan0ugc Newsee Press 

"-16-60 

hattanoo~a, Tenn. ~ncxvill~ uivision 

Re Hi.ghlander Polk 

School, Mmtell8le, 

'l'enn. 

INFO CONCERNING ~ile 61-7511 

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.:• .·. •;,. 

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~-.... :.;:.: .... -• ... .. -· 

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&:.:.-·_:_: .. •• · . ..:~~ • . .--·~·--·- ' '·: ' . -.. 

~:.~ ·~:~;>: ~·~-. ;· . ::-:.:·:.:- /~ 

_::.,;·~--~ ..... "---~· ............ ~ ... -.:.~........,.,_.,._..; __ " .- .. · 

-: 

....).-., Oll'llONAl ~NO. 10 

~ :;. JOIC>-ICW-CI1 

j 

·-'""' ·, .ti / \ ...... UNITED STAl 

{ ~Jem( 

( .. 

. '_. 

'~' 

lENT 

TO DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) .. · · · 

0 RI~HLANDER FOLK S~OOL .. 

~ONTEAGLE, . ..l'ENNESSE.t.::· 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

. -~- ;("+-. • •• ~- ... ~ 

DATE: 3/ll/60 

-- ' • - !- .~ ' 

.. 

' : 

·I ·'"' ' .. 

.· · .. ~ ' 

Enclosed for Bureau files are autostat copies of 

newspaper articles relating to tbe suit filed by tbe State 

of Tennessee against tbe Highlander Polk School seeking to 

revoke tbe school's charter. A decree was previously banded 

down by State Court revoking tbe school's charter. 

The enclosed autostat news articles are described 

as follows: ~· 

"Highlander School Asks ACLU To Help" - Knoxville. - News Sentinel, Knoxville, Tennessee, 2/24/60; 

"Judicial Decree Bits Highlander" - Chattanooga 

Tiaes, Chattanooga, Tennessee, 2/26/60; 

"Highlander Decree Wording Given" - Knoxville News 

Sentinel, 2/23/60; 

"Highlander Decree Filed" - Chattanooga News Free 

Press, 2/25/60; -~ , 

"Reds' Victory Design Noted" - Chattanooga News Fr~ 

Press, 2/25/60. ·l:::, 

\/ , -·. 

c, \ -~ , . ., -2_ ~ I . --

b MAR 14 1960 

\ I•· . 'f . ' 

;U. ~---·. 

®-Bureau '(Enc . ·_,; ·A - ... 1 - Knoxville 0 Sa lfkJ, ~ I \ ""t ·j~ ,. · .... "('Y,.\C I .. ~.'/1..,~. " 

~~2;1Z~~;:~;_'J~fr & -raT\\~ <: t •.. ·All-INFORMATION CONTAIN 

·. 

."': - • ' ~ .. I I ) HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED . 

/~.; ~ ~~MAR 23'1960 DATE 3Jc:1fi4 BYOP&6Ja~'\ c ~~~ ~ .. -.· ·-.",; 

-:,· 
... -. . ·~ 

I

Tbe Knoxville News 

Sentinel · Knoxville, Tenn. 'I .....,.,ft W . Ui1 1 AP 

l

idfto;: .... ···-·' 

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Re JU.&tlander Jolk 

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to Re1oke Charter of 

1

. Monteagle School 

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Ol1'.1"!l-ot~·. lNFORMAT10.N 

CONCERNING 

r-q .. Butlle_61:-1.511 

h/-11..-

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-. · . . -:: t :;·: ·· .. ::~ i; :~~:-~:-~~ ·:·:-·;:;;_'· ;~~-··~·~:i;_, .. ~-~:-.~.,-~:~--:. .... 

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; ··-

.• _..,. . ~.:. ~ . 

-~·.--t: •·. j 

·,. 

/ 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~it ~N~LASSIFJED ~ ·_· DATE CJ- '6 BY 8fo. . ~4-l ~ 

-· ::, ·. ·. ~- : .. • 

"_;>'. -. -_ .. -" ··~···-

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• 

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' 

Toe Knoxville News 

S;;ntinel 

~oxville, Tenn. 

Loye w. Killer, 

Editor. 

IJJME Ed1 tion 

Dated Feb. 2}, 196o 

P a.g e . '1'!1 -=:;:::;_ __ 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, MONTEAGLE, TENN 

'-'l~FORMU'.IOli CONCERti 

ING. 

BUFIIB 61-7Sll 

.... 

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filutUJ\it"W\--

DECREE FILED 

Property Inventory 

Of School Orderi4 

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lat«.. z_/<:5/f:Q 1 I 

Auth.,r ot art1cl•---

!d1t1tn •• EVE''TN G 

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su~~~f,;frr1ft••----· 

'1'1 tl~ .l!~hlandl!l'_ 

F_plk~~)l_ool__.Monha.e;l· 

Tenn. · 

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OrnoN.-; f<MIM NO. 10 • • ~ • • Ttn.on _I __ 

UNITED STATES ( 

·Memora __ .,.,., . - - ~ [ · 

~~E~~:~ J Callahan __ 

DeLoach __ 

Wa-lone __ 

• :Mr. w· ~ -----'!firFROM : c. D. DeLoach( 

TO DATE: Aprilll, 1960 

0 

SUBJECT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

RECOMMENDATION: 

It is recommended the attached be forwarded to the 

Domestic Intelligence Division for their information. 

EX--los 

WCGu1re __ 

Ro.en __ _ 

Trotter Tamm ---=== _ 

W.C. Sullivan _ 

Tele.Room_ 

iav<em·~= Gandy-

,_ 

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1 •• • 
4-750 12-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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j~ Page(s) withheld entirely at thih JocHiion in lht· fiiP. Om· or mort' of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

ct'Delet.ed under exemption(s) _J ___ _} f _ _'; ___ ..f 7 _1? ________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

lnfnrmation pertained only tD a third partv with no reference to _vou or the suhject of your request. 

lnfOnnation pertained only to a third party. \,' ___ ·- _ _ ' _ 1" __ ~ _ _j ' __ 'I '·'I 1 

1 uur naml' 1~ Jiswu Hl me uue on1y. 

:....J Document<s) originating with the following governnwnt agency(iesl ~ -~ 

---~ , was/wl'H' f{)n\·ardPd to thPm for direct response to you. 

Pagets) referred for consultation to thP following gon!rnnwnt agPnl'y(ies); 

--------~-----~----------------- _ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

L11· advised of availability upon rPtum of the matl'rial to th(' FBI. 

Pagp(,..:) withheld for the following fl'asoni~): 

For your infonnation: 

/. 

l0 T~ followmg number IS to be used for rcY'; !lCf r<'g~lng tht>sc pagps 

(" t- r/_~1 I - ..2 6 d-. -t:._EB .F-)_ ···--- _ 

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TRUE COPY 

Mr J Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D. C • 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

May I have a copy of your pamplet "Communist 

Target - Youth"? 

I am sending you a 

camp in Monteagle, Tennes~e 

open and going strong. 

Yours truly, 

/s/ 

TRUE COPY 

',/ 
4-750 12-7-79) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Pagels) withheld entirely at this location in the fil<'. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

Deleted under exemption is) ___ _ ___ with no segregable 

material available for releasP to :-.:ou. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third part\ with no rPfPrC'nce to \'OU or the subject of your request. 

Infonnation pertained only to a third partv. \'our nanw ~~ iistl'rl in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following govPnnnent ag(·ncy(il's) • ·---·· 

______________ _ , wa~/wNe f(1r\'. arded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thL· following gnv('rnment agpncy(ies); 

af.-; th(' infom1ation originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon retum of tht> mat.L'rial to th(· FHl. 

Pa~(s) withheld for the following rPasnn'£ .. / .~ b ~ 1-l m L. , N r r __ A_s___ 1 - 'l ~~H~-2 -~~~~~-

-- ------------ - -----------

For your infonnation: ·--------------·-----·--·--------

~e"fo!lowing number is to be u.;;ed for reference rPgarding thc>se pages: ,. I_ rl ,-I I_ ., r_ 2 

\.Y'\:XXX 

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FBI/DOJI 
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~-·· \. :-· 

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l- Mr • 

···-·· . / 

/ .. 

- In response to your ln~iry, I aust advise that 

-~-· :~ . 

all information received by this Bureau is carefully : 

evaluated and, where warranted, appropriate action Is · ·;, 

instituted in accorJance with our res~onsibilities in the 

internal security field. However, infonuation in our .,, ~, ._ , files is maintained as confidential and available only .;. :._ ·"'· · 

for official use in accoruance with a regulation of the . Department of Justice, It is not possible therefore, .... ~ · 

tor ae to co1111ent concerning the organbatlon you mentioned, · . . , ,. i, . . 

I aa enclosing a copl of ay report to the House ··- ··• 

Committee on On-American Activ ties entitled •communist ~ . Tag;et - Youth," which you requested. · ~ 

~ - . . - "·_, . ··.··' 

~,... __ · , - · Sincerely yours, ~ ~ '• n.,... . " ·'.:··.._ 

:-· ' - -· cO --~ . - .,.:. J, ... _ -·· .... •• ' ' 7;': :;:t . MAIW 25 -~ .. ,~,.1" /- . , _. _ .- ~> ~-t:·- -- ~ _.;""_ ,f_.--

" ~ SEP 1 51960 , John Edgar Hoover . . ·. ~ · .o~... .. 

~ ... :~ .. E.,ncl~.Oiure · Director -c ·,; •• · •. ··~·~ .~.:'$-~ '?·· 

COMM·FBt _.:· .. ' ft.,_ c·~;~ _:~~:~~:.t~!:- ~----~, .:_:_~- ... ::-ri;,,.· .. ·. ~-~- ~ _ · ~ <I< .. ""' ~. - ... I .J. ·- ·-· •. - ' . 

' 

[~~SEE N~ ,~, ~~~:t;k :',3 ii! i~.- /:' '<fr"' ~ ~+ ~~3f· -- ~o:p"fvJ. ..:\ · ~All INFORMATION CONTAINE ~f;J. V 

~~~~ ----«.8 SEP -19"" " REI~~s .. wcLASSIFIED ~~~ > ~~;~:~~~.-·;;; ::.~wrrD ~~T~ ~ BY &'~'>o/ V"'J,;: . . . 

• -~-:' < • 
··. 

. . _ .... 

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. ( .. ~ 

NOTE ON YELLOW: ~ ,., n. .... ~ ·_ . 

Corres~ondent requests a copy of the Director's 

report entitled Communist Target -Youth." Corresp9ndent refers to a "communist training camp in Monteagle, Tennessee," She asks, "I would like to know what is being done about it?". · · 

the 

the 

Correspondent enclosed a pamphlet published by Georgia Commission on Education which chargee that 

Highlander Folk School is a communist training school. 

The Highlander Polk School has been the aubject of numerous allegations that it is a communist school and 

the headquarters of communism in eastern Tennessee due 

primarily to its interracial character. These allegations have never been substantiated, The Bureau has not investigated this organization. (61-7511) 

Bufiles contain no identifiable data concerning the correspondent. 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the fi!P. One or mor<' of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

D Deleted under exemption(s) _______ . _____ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

lnf0rmation pertained only to a third part~' with no n_•ferencc to you or the subject of your request. 

[J lnfonnation pertained oniy to a third party. Your namP is iistpd in ttw titie oniy. 

,, _ _j Document(s) originating with thP following govPnmwnt agencv(i('s) ··--

. _ , wa:-./wpn· forwardl'd to them for direct response to you. 

You will 

~~~· o;idvised of availahilitv upon rPtum of UJ(' rnatl'nnl tn tlw FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rl•astmbl. 

For your infonnation: 

~-~~following number is to be uscdl" rcf<•rt•nc<' n·garding the"' pagps: 

,- I~ '7 5'!/ ~ ::<G fr_ 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

Deleted under exemption(s) __________ _ _____ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D lnfonnation pertained only to a third part:v with nu rpfprpnce to :-.·ou or the subject of your request. 

U lnfonnation pertained only to a third part~. '{our namC' if' li~tc·d in tlw title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following g')vC'nlmPrtt agt·nt·Y(icsJ. _____________ _ 

_________ _ ___ , v.a~/wPr(· forv·:ardPd to th<'nJ for direct response to you. 

P.a~(: refwe~_for cQ,g.Sultation. to .. th:_.· t.\)llo¥.ing g()\'CrJHJ~t·l:t uge~Jcv(ic_s).; ---.--------

U .. L s_. LJJ~- ..J. rJTL.Ll1(~>o:-~ _ _ __ a~ tilt· mfomli1twn ongmated w1th them. You will 

be advised of availabilit:v upo11 retum of tlw mat~· ria! to thl· FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rea:..nn(~): 

LJ For your infonnation: 

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Q 

• 

fur. J. Edger Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation washin~ton, D. C. 

Not far from here there is a place 

~~~~~~~~~ School. I was told the F. B. I. watches 

that place rather carefully and that is what prompted me to 

.. _:~c thi3 letter. 

want to jeopardize my 

list. 

I do not 

subversive 

l 110pe you will take this into consideration, thank you. 

~-­ .~ 

\ ...... · 

"1) 

I 

REC. ~ 

,~;,vr .£ 1._ ALL INFORMATiON CONTAHED 

' . 

HEREIN J$ 4NCLASS1Fi:D - DATE-44K'4_BY sr f"f3TWc~ cJtf.l-5~ 

. ";; ,.,.,, ... ,.._~--""~-J .. -~ 

' .·: 0 -~ •• -•. 'a'.·.'.· . ·.:.~ .•... :' .. _.·_."'_~----~ ... ..,.,.._.,;:--:<-.,· , ........ • M ~ r"'-"' ,c•;',~""'·~'-'='•'•""'"'::P, -..~~--- ___ -------

--.........____ 

1 r Nov 28 1960 
'·~ ' 

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. 

. 

r-t-· -~ . _._ 

f • . · .. ' 

--- _.·' ,._.·_. 

.• 

G. ... ' .... '- .. 

. . ~-

·• . ' 

- ·-·· ..... _.-. -. ' -' . : ;. •.~. 

• • • • .• :.-.:: ~.- .'.::-;.._-· -~'. - • .. '\:~ -... ~-- /·. :_; ;_~ -~,~ .... \>, .- . -•'1: . .:... -. .,.. .; • : 

· · I have received your letter dated · · ·· 

:~~~m::r i!4lnl~:~· .~~~~~~ett~re~t, in co~u~.~c:a!ing _ . :~· . '· . . .¥_-_... . ' <: ·- ;;#. • - .. ;:.-

Your letter Is belng made a matter of ,-~.~: ;':.. ·:: 

record by this Bureau; however, for your information, the Fnl is strictly an investigative agency of the . Federal Government and, as such, does not issue . . .. clearances or nonclearances •.. ·,.;. ~~~·-.·.'! -~. : ,._ i , .. ·~, \·~--.,._.:..,., ·., · .. -- - : - • ·. ---':y ...... _4- .. ·.;·:~ r-: '!.1 ---~ . .!_:;..k__· ·--':'. "-~:~.}- :-_-... (". ::"--• -~- ~-- .. 

· ·· I am enclosing some ••terial on the topic ~. 

of communism which may be of interest tC) you. ·· -~ · ·· •• ' o ; !o . .- o ·-~-- ~L'_.· ;, • -& 0 

~ . ".~. ' .. Sincerely yours,· •• ~· . 

ALLINFORMATION CONTAINED·.· .. , .. . i.Y: .. ' ·- .· '• "~ 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED . : . 

DAT( u~hs:t BY c'it'K t3rW~ ctlf:J~~ 

John Edgar Hoover 

Director · .. ' 

. ' 

. :· : :: . ~ . 
-. . '. . 

> 

. -.: ~ ;~:-" ~>;~,--·.· ~--~-- J ~--~ 

....., . ;:,_· ... ~ 

-----~·_._;~ ... ;. ·: ..... ::.;..: 

• 

:.~' -~:.-: '..· .. ' ·:.·:~:): __ ~~~--i--}-/,"··i- ·-.:~-~- ·:~---,: -~:--· - . . ' ' -~ 

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(i .. 

' . .. · . .. ~-!~.-:1;: -«· ·-- .. '--"":. 

,- .·' . ~ ~ ~~..,.. 

. . :.- .. :-:-. -"!-: .-.- ,· ... _ . . - . ' . ~ , . . '. '- ~-

·-,_. 

NOTE ON \'ELLO!: ... -~·_;,.. - -. - _, 

he-hopes 

to work fo 

J!~~ard!_~!. 

not want ~o \ 

name on a-subversive 

ll:5'1o DUll ~-~1a ~a+a ~ftft~Arft~fta auua.~ ,..... "'"" ..,...,. .. .__,..._ •••uo 

correspondent. 

·. 

The Highlander Folk-school has been the · 

subject of numerous allegations that· it is· a commuhist 

school and the headquarters of communism in eastern 

Tennessee. due primarily to its interracial character. 

These allegations have not been substantiated. The ... , • --~ . Bureau bas not investigated this organization •. • ·: · , . . ·•· 61-7511 . . 

The following- items of literature were 

sent to the correspo~dent • 

. ,, .. 

~ ' .·. ·:. 

1. •Communist Target ~ Youth.• 

2. •Communist Illusion and Democratic . Reality.• . 3. •What You Can Do to Fight Communism 

and Preserve America.• - 4. •America- Freedom's Champion.•·· s. Reprint· from •FBI Law Enforcemeht 

Bulletin,• March 19601 with ·~n 

Analysis of the bth National · · · 

Convention cf the ~P, US.4.~- ,,.; ..... _ . 

~--· . ~ ' .... ': ~ .- ,._ ~ 

71".' • 

. , 

-2-
•:,.• 

, .. ,,,,, 

{; 

January 16, 1961 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Wa~hington, D. c. 

Dear Sir: 

u . . . ; Please infonn me immediately as to whether or not the Hig1ander 

T 1 I 0'~ ·_~f·' '. ~1-..:F.olk School of Monteagle, Tennessee , hae been listed as a 

Communistic •Front". 

Yours very truly 1 

All INFORMATI'1~' r.~NTAINEO 

HE~Ci:J I' ~LI'l~IFIID ~ 

DATE ~ 64 BY <S't?'£4"0~ d-<f"S 

IZ J/1N 

-

I i 

/ 
- ~-·~--·-·-.' ···-~, .----.-.--- . . . _:··: -.. '~ >-·~_ .... ·--- --- . __ :.:_:.__ ~-;_:;-:,· .. :.!·---.....:.;..;.,._,..L_ ( --'-: .n ~ _._¥-_ • __ - ·.· 

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. " . ·. .... . , ~ ' 

January U, 11161 ~'"": ~ ~- '· · "i'l:_~ :?;-/(:' ~tJ'/_ .:: ... ~ ..... . 

.... ~~ 

. ;r. :~ .' \'. ·. ·-~~ ... ---~-

··--~ .. 

1\.LL INFClRMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED . -hlr ?~TEJ\f\~~ BY1W~J~ Dear 

-. 

received. 

. -;·~· ' .. -~~-· :. . . ,... ~ 

. 

. -~ .. 

..... 

Your letter cLt.ted.Janu.u-yl6, 1961, has be~n I . ·~~ 

. ;, 

•· . . . 

Although I would like to be of service, in carrJinl 

out its investigative responsibilities, the Fm does not make 

evaluations or draw conclusions as to the character or integrity 

of any orgd.Jlization, individual or publication. I bope tbat you 

will not infer in this connection either that we do or that we do 

not have data in our files relating to the subject of your inquiry. 

If you desire a list of the organtzattoM which have 

' 

·- ~--

·· been designated by the Attorney General as coming within tlie 

scope of Executive Order 10450, your request sbould be submitted 

to tile Subversive Organizations Section, Internal Security Division, 

United States Department of Justice, Wasblngton 25, D. C. 

ra- , . ------..J>· 

;- ., A

. Sin .. cerely yours, 

~-·' .. -- - . · · John Edgar HooTer ·· :,of. 'l). 

J • Director • 

JAN2 41961 

COMM ··Fill 

. .··· ;., 

_:-J~~t:~:-r::-:;0-;~~ ~:\ ~<~-

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... ···' 

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• 

1-24-61 

The Bureau is cognizant of the numerous communist 

affiliations of personnel affiliated with the Highlander Folk School at 

Monteagle, Tennessee . 

.. ' . 

.,.-

·,. 

• 

-2-

' ' 

' . 

. ' 

' . 

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' ,-- . , ... ~: ,: 

-·- .-· .--.,. :~_ 

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:~:- ~~-.:·-~ 

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·-.. -,'--:-~ 

, • ..-4 

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()()-{, 

w 

• 

c : ... OFFICE OF DIRECTOR 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

UN I TED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

March 2, 1961 

• 

The attached clipping was sent to 

the Director in an envelope postmarked at Atlanta, Ga., with the 

handwritten notation: "Shouldn't 

this be investigated??" 

Attachment 

hbb 

• 

, 

l 

\ 

ALL INFDR~.1ATI8N CONTAINED- ., 

HEREIN I" 

DATE __ ~a~ 

• 
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~ 

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. 

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:· Highiandef~~, 

And Dr. King 

Join Forces u~~~;~~i~~-'_:C!t,:Sti ed 

by the Rev .. M~;un-Luthe ' mg 

, lt'--?~"d -Te~~~ss-~·s· co rover:· 

t. 

sfa'f' Highlander Folk School have 

joined forces to train Negro leaders for the Southern civil rights 

&truggle. 

James R. Wood, SCLC administrative assist.anl, said in Atlanta 

Thursday that 11 Negro leaders 

have already comp1~ted a oneweek course of instruction at the 

ochool and another 15 wiU attend 

a second course in two weeks. 

He said the first 11 participants 

were Negroes from Savannah and 

Montgomery, Ala. None was from 

Atlanta, be said. 

• • • 

THE SECOND class wiil be 

composed of students from Tennessee and Kentucky, be said . 

Mr. Hunt .said the course was 

f 

designed primarily to instruct Ne-. 

gro leaders from smaller towns, 

who will then return home and 

teach local Negroes. 

"They're being trained to be 

leaders and teachers," he said. 

"They are learning to teach sim· 

ple reading, writing, civics, poll· 

tics, economics and leadership to 

less educated Ne,.oes." 

He said the course also included 

instruction in the elementary phil· 

\II osophy of nonviolence, social pro1 test and ''what prejudice is and 

how .segregation works." 

• • • 

MR. RUNT emphasized that Dr. 

King's organization hopes the program "wiU quickly outgrow its 

OOginnings" and will eventually 

be aet up on an area-to-area 

basis. 

The Highlander Folk School,/ , located deep in Tennessee's Cum· 

j 1 berland Mountains between OJat. 

~...: .. :..:v6'd and Nashville, bas been 

I

I int·oJved in the past in several 

political controversies. 

It has been 1\anchly defended 

by Mrs. FrBDklin D. 1\ooaeVelt, 

among other~, but, in 1960, a Ten· 

ncssee stale court revoked its 

charter alter a legislative inves. 

.Jiiia*iM charged thtl Cam.,mists 

had lectured there. 

' 

· ..... _...;m~;u,~ SCHOOL has cqpum'ft'' to 

operate, pending appeal of the 

COurt <lfder. · . 

1ft· Wood aaid Thursday !hal the 

Southern Ouistian Leadership 

CoDierence ill aware that the 

lcbool'• reputation might rub ff 

but he added: 0 • 

"We find i>o reason not to 

ope_rate with any organization ~ 

: :er~-~' the development . Cuu.ewnup for Americans 

which cannot be proved to have j llOIIdu~ itself In a manner 

~ch ,. not Alnerican or pa~ Otitc.•• •·u· 

Mr. Wood lll!d the Hiihlander 

cla&&es are Part of a three-phase 

trallllng program designed to develop local Negro leadership 'lb 

J 

other llbases are "ci~ e 

acbools" to be established by th 

Highlander graduates and a "cor 

respondence institute" to be 

dueled by the _coDference. con 

.. 

; 1 L INFORMATION CONTAINED 

r;ERE\N IS UNCLASSIFIED ~ DAT~ Jjs&\'a BY~~~@ 
4-750 iZ-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFDRMATIDN SHEET 

xxxxxx 

:xx:xxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) ~.....fr_J_C,...--_ material available for releast• to you. 

with no segregable 

D Infonnation pertained only to a third part_v with no refPrPnC'e to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third part:-;. Your nanH' is listl'd in thP title only. 

0 Document<s) originating with thL• following go\'L'nJmC'nt agency(it>~J ._, 

x::~.xxxx 

xxxxxx 

:xxxxxx 

__ . wasiWL'rl' forwardL•d to th(•m for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following govl'mnwnt ag(•nt·.y(ies); 

_________ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

Le aJviseJ of availability upon rdum of lite matL•rial to thv FBI. 

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~ •• 

~>h/Higlilander Plan Designed Tolfelp N~gro Pass Votiii'gTest ~ By LEON DANIEL I Horton aid he 11 prepared to have done lt themselves." charges of communism Jevelle mn~~ Monteagle (UP!) - Highlander appeal the case all the way to the 'l"he teachers for the eehooll get against Highlander. ~o:;- Folk School a liberal outpost tn U.S. Supreme Courl But right their training at intensive work· Horton bimselt bu been calle _ _ " - the rolli~g ' southeast Tennessee now he is giving leas thought to shoJ>8 at Highlander. Horton said a "Communist." He •ld he· ie 

the hill country is quietly at work on Highlander's legal problema than he baa found that learntng Is ac- Democrat and a Presbyterian ""bt 

:hes

1

1a project designed to make the he is to wha,~ he calla hla "citizen- celerated ·~hen the motivation Is I'm certainly not a CommunlsL' 

1

sc..1:1-:ern Negro'n \'Oice heard at l!lhip schools. . finst clue C:.ltizenahip. He puts It thla way: "'If I wet 

~ 'Ctedjthe- polls. · In explaining how the plan .. The mechanics of the program a Communb;t, I can ~sure yo ~· con~ 1 Higl1landt>r ie t.ralnlng volunteer works, Horton likes to talk about were worked out by Mrs. Septima there would be a lot more Cou 

' ack-Jteachu·~. whc return to their Johns Island, a rural area off the Clark, our educational director;• ~~n!s_~ f!l.._:X:et:_n~_e.;_.._ ~~aE-_ -~el 

I

. wiii[southern communities and set up cout ot South Carolina. Most of he Ald. ''I have been experiment-- areed n't;;- l.lllDJt .&.~ 1.11at. 1"00u 8 

divi- sd:ools to teach Illiterate adult the people there are Negroes and lng -.tth the plan tor years but uca · · ;trl:;.,Ne;.:;-ro.;-s to read and write well very few o! them. according to she worked out the teaching de-

. · .. --" literacy testA for Horton. are ltterate. tails.'" F biJ D. • 

t

-=----4 t as!' voting. . "We opened a school in a com- Highlander Is financed by con- reeza e reSSIDg -r '--'-4 The school has traveled a rocky munlty there In 1956," he eaid. tributlons from throughout_ the · • · --i:-o:::_d s•r:ce 1t was founded in 1932 "There were 208 Negroes and of United States. Among the _more For Salad Developed · ·-amslby MyJ __ es Horton •. .a_n~tl~a· these about 30 voted. Now more prominent backers of the school -~-: falL ,,. ann a 11.: in segrua.tlon ~.minded than 700 are registered and almost are Jrlrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and Albany, Cal. _ Frozen •air · "'.... WE~Cll.lle88t>e. aJJ ot them vote.'' Dr. Reinhold NJebuhr, well-known d d 1 ~--:tore!"' The raclallJ'~mixed school's char.. He aa.td that aa more Negroes theologian. ressing is a new evelopment 

- -- < ocnslter· was rcYoked tor violating the began voting on Johns Island Horton said he founded the scientists of the United States D 

ll..li--: . --2 ~ ~ _'_t-'c ::, _pt-e;-ation laws follC>wlng roads were built and public scQool "to teach the theory ot de- partment of Agriculture. A drer ~ _ . ;.1.a·, 's.. v·id<;>'\· !1Utliciz.ed lnve!Jt!gaUon schools were IInproved, mocracy and brotherhood ... and lng made or l&!'nower oil, 1Pi"U 

. _ _ _. __ T·~~~"-'t::"'""o:: ll'"glslature. ''None of thls has been done tor the school'• purpose baa remained rice flour, and fresh egg yclks 1: ~Dou: 81.1: the school_ was permitted to the NegTOel by the local whites," the aame down thrl?ugh the Y.e&TI!I. proved stable at 10 degrees Fat 'i~·;,t ·0,,::n..;€ t)ptrations pending ap. Horton laid ... With the impetus A congressl·onal comrnlttee, u enhell The ectentists now ho) 

L 

,----,~ 

l 

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". 

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"' 

... _., 

· ·' , "" <:'"~~:n. crdcr lltt~ nnd support of the school, taught well as the Tennessee legislature, to give the product stability · !~ •• ~ t.le charter. by local volunteer teachen, they wu once directed to smoke out zero. 
.... •. 

. ' '· .~ ... 

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Callal-... ,n __ 

C:oncod -~--­

DeLoach. __ 

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~ ·. 

--· 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED .· 

H. ER. El~.i~ ~;rLA. SSI~ _ ·-__, ~ · 

?ATE· __ a- ,-: ~y sa~~~-

t have Tecel ved your letter dated ·.-' · · r~rch J. 1961 with its enclosure. and the 

interest whict prompted your communicating wit~ •e is appreciated. · · · : .: . 

~-· 

... "I(: -~ " :. •_' • :4--. ... . -..... , While I would like to be of assistance •. ~ . - the jurisdiction and responsibilities of the fBI; strictly an investigative agency of the Federal 

Government. do D6t extend to furnishing evaluations 

or cooen ts concerning the· character or in tegri tJ ~ · , ... of any individual, orgdnization or publication. I 

am sure you will understand the necessit~ for this ~olicy and will not infer that we do or ao not have 

1n our files the Information you desire. ". . · ' ~. 

In view of your tote rest. tn the -~~ten;~t security of the Unitell States. I aa enclosing some lit~r~ture which you may like to read. 

Sincerely yours. 

6-·-·· 

PAGE ·two'-

() ·~ - . "'''"'· ~-,we!_____ ·---- ... ~tl · 

:·~··_L~ ~rL"l 4 1 1 . Tel~. Rooni.J--.1. It- I;J -. _ .i:n.,.r<l..r. 

Gun-.ly - WAIL ROOM - fELETYPE UNIT 0 

. -
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•• • ,• •• :~:.-: • ;· ··: ~\ •.·~ ·~~--~.-:..~; <:--~'..,;.;_..;_, ;;.,•~;...;.'.""'" :.;.' ',...,_. ~~-: .... s/ ........ ""'./!""/(;.;." ';.;;:·~--:.;.o· h.,,;,::..;·:; .. ~,:.-~~..,· ..... ·~' ...:~:·.,,.;;;.,•, .... ;;,;;.;;;,·· "...u;.!·;,.*""!....;..:-·.;.: ..... '.:.'.;.· :...• ... ~""'. ioo;;i.,•,;;;,:i.-s.• ::;.;s·<==---...;~ _ •_•u _ 

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. ·. - '-' -·-·. "..1'•'.;. . ..... . · -.... ·-~ 

-/ ·• ..... ', .. -

NOTE ON YELLOW; ,, . ·· .. . ·.·.or .,. ' . --~1 -. 

There are no idm tifiable references to 

correspondent. 

Conespondent 111ites apparently in self-justi- · 

fication concerning her views on in~·gration expressing 

a segregationist's viewpoint while stating she is uot .. a segregationist. She asks whether intefration is · · 

promoted by "communism" and then in her etter announces 

that she does not oppose int,.-gration but opposes · ~. . .. communism. She encloses a clippin~ from a newspaper .. concerning the Highlander Folk- Sdl~ol which is i:lescribed 

as teaching volunteer teachers so that they may return 

to their community and in turn teach the ~egro people 

to read and write sufficiently well so that thef can-· ·· h~c~ -1-i+o.-~l"'v +Acf-c .,.n vn.+~L ThA nAa•c:.n~n~'r Ar<t,,..l" - · 

~i;ted& iii~ -s~h~~! ;; ~ha~t;;·wa;··;e;~k;d-f~i- vi~iating 

the state se~tion laws. The case is report~d to be 

presently under appeal. Correspondent asks whether schools~ this type are training Negroes to be · 

communists and expresses the opinion that this schoons 

II "leader and other ones have been investigated and brought 

to trial for Communism." She wonders who is intervening · 

in favor of the School's leader. ' .... -. 

The Highlander Folk School (HFS) ha~ been 

the subject of numerous allegations that it is a· commULlst 

school_ and the headquarters of oommunism in Eastern , .. ·. · 1'enne~i$ee; ·due primarily to its racial character.· · 

These allegations have not been substantiated •. The ·-·~~­

Bureau is cognizant of the numerous communist . aff!! !at ions of ~ersonnel affiliated with the HPS." The 

Bureau has not 1nvestigated this organization. (61-7511-266, 267) 
" '·.·· ., .... ·. ·- ~ . ' ... '·; ·~>:...~·- .::·-~/-._:;·:<:~ 

, 

• 

.· ;; -~"" -····· ~· 

.;.,.--. ' 

The following literature was forwarded 

to correspondent: -.. 

. ' 

1. 

2. 

3. 

... 

s. 

•. 

•on~ Nation's Resp~nse to'Communisa.• .. · 

•communist Target-Youth." _ . •Breaking the Communist Spell." · 

"God and Country or Communism?" 

"Communism and the College Student.• 

.'< . 

3-

., 

... 

. .f· 

• 

. .;--' 

i' 

-.' 

I' 

I 
4-750 (2-7-791 

0 

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\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in lh<· fiiP. On<' or morl' of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

Deleted under exemptionls) ________________ _ _ ________ ·- with no segregable 

material available for releasL' to ~'otJ. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third part_v with no refPrf'nce to ~-ou or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third part:-.·. Your name iR listL'd in thP title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with thP following govemnwnt agency( iPs).-~--·-----------

------ ___ , was/wf•re forwarded to thf'm for direct response to you. 

Pv-~e.(s) referr d for consW.±atiol) to tht:' follClwin. g goYernmcnt agency(ies): 

~-- " !?1'.-f .J NiLL}_!_(-( ~-f~ ___ as the mfunnation originated with them. You will 

be advised uf ava· ability upon rPtum of thP mail'nal to the FRI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following n·ascm!s}: 

------- ---------

0 For your infonnat1on: ------------------

---- --- ------ ------- ----~ ---------

~hl_followingnumber is to be used for rcfert'JlC<' regarding thC'sl' pagPs: 

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FBI/OOJ 
4-750 (2-7-791 ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

X XXX XX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thl' fi!P. OnC' or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

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material available for releas{_• to you. 

... ____ ---··------- with no segregable 

D Information pertained onf.Y to a third part:'>' with no rl'fi.•rf'OC'C to ~'OU or the subject of your request. 

D Information pertained onlv to a third party. Your name is list(•d in thl' title only. 

D Document(s) originating with thP following government agency(jesl • 

-~~-----------, was/wPre forwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

:l 

---- ~ar~<J- re~d for con~ti-oq to .tht.· following gnvPrnment agency( ies); 

(..L_ • 1-' r"") '/ .lf'/Tt. LL, C:C J.l( E as the inforn1ation originat("d with them. You will 

be advtsed of avai-f~ility upon rd.u~~ o-f-;h~;-,_~1L·rial tn the FHI. 

Page(s) withheld for thf' following n_•asnn\~): 

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FBI/DOJ 
;. ---~ 

"';s, 

~~ 

•.,;;i 

•• .< 

• 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover 

Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington 25, D. c. 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

I am in possession 6f) publication which deecribes a school 

by the name of "The'ilii;hlander Folk School" in Tennessee. This 

publication also-l!tate-5 tlm t the scti061. was established in 

September 1932, by Horton and Donald L. West, a Georgian with 

a long record of affiliations with Communist-front groups. 

/

1/1 I would very much appreciate all information the FBI may be at 

liberty to give regarding this school, its teachers and its 

. purpose. 

This publication also states that this school has continued 

under close surveillance by the FBI therefore i presume you 

may have some report available to the public. 

My very sincere thanks • 

i APR _Et 1961 
.l. _,_._ ., 

·- .,. - . •:' ' . . '·: .. ·.' 

' __ .,.,.. .. 

J I' . . ~- _'!- ; -

' .·-· .~..t~-- '. .--"""- i • ·_ . ,.,. -., . ' ' . 

- · .. ; ._, --~·- . . 

I have received your leiter dated March 27, 1961, and the interest which prompted JOur communi- · 

eating with • is indeed appreciated. -- ':"-" • - '"< • ' :_· 

'li1J....a 1.-. 'I' --.. 1 A 1 I Jr. .. +A "'- .,.., A e. a.4 a.+an,.• nuaaw & •v~w &&~ •v ~ VA -~~•e••-~•• 

. .;· 

the jurisdiction and responsibilities of the FBI, strictly an investigative agency of the Federal · 

Government, do not extend to furnishing evaluations 

or comments concerning organizations, publications 

or individuals. I u sure you will UniJerstand the 

necessity for this policy and will not infer that , · 

our files do or do not contain the information you 

·. _ ... _. 

. ,., 

m 

c-: 

t5 ,,:4. 

desire. · ' ' . ' . . .. ;. . . ._ ... 

m 

CD~ ~ 

· In view of your interest in the internal 

security of the United States, I am enclosing some 

literature which you aay wish to read. . . c:; . ·~ . 

H~ 

• ·,1 "' 0 ~ 0 

:.:: 

Sincerely yours, ·;; :g ..... t'' ~.., -· ~ 

:. . if) 

:-~ l---~ . roJ . J. Edgar Hoolier. 

p 

' "' . ' 

MAn:EQ Ill 

APR .. 51961 

.• 

!' 

Ul 

"i 

~ 

~ 

N 

~ 

!!! 
.. _._ • t't, • 

-

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I 

-, 

.;,_- ,_,< 

,....,.; ··- .... ~ .•.. "; "1--. 

.... , - .•· . . .-.· 

• . ,. ... _. •,_ -

NQTE ON YELLOW: 

Bufiles contain no identifiable references to -r 

correspondent. 

The Highlander Folk School (HFS) bas been tbe 

subject of numerous allegations that it is a communist 

school and the headquarters of ca.munisa in Eastern Tennessee, due primarily to its racial character. These allegations have not been substantiated. The Bureau is cognizant of 

the numerous communist affiliations of personnel affiliated 

with the HFS. The Bureau has not investigated this organi- zation. (61-7511-266, 267) · 

The following items of literature are being sent 

to correspondent: . ' , '-. . · _ · 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

• 

•one Nation's Response to Communisa• 

•communist Target - Youth• 

•tollllllunism and the College Student• ·- ., -rhe Communists Are After Our Minds• · 

., . -~; 

. :.., . ... ·· . -.: .... -.: - { . ' 

·'. . ·, . 

'-~ - . .. ·- . -

- 2-
-:~- -~ 

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~~-: ---~- ~~ 

_,- ~ :. 

/-.-, 

. \ ~ 

·=-~ 

~·~ 

I 

\ \, ' 

- _· ..- :~ _·:. . ;·_i ;- _. ~ .:. .• 

( CPTJ0NAL POilM NO. ID 

... ~... ,.,f. 

UNITED STATES ,,;RNMENT 

Memoran'ilum 

TO Director, FBI (61-7511) 

..,.~~c, ,.,.,.,,., (61-12) 

SUBJECT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE 

IS- C 

' 

DATB: 6/22/61 

Enclosed is original and four copies of 

letterhead aemo pertaining to Highlander Folk School 

reflecting the latest legal action and decisions concerning the suit filed by the State of Tennessee against 

this school. This aeao is being forwarded for c011pletion of Bufiles. 

2-

1 -

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN}~_ YNCLASSIFIED ~ 

DATE~BY sP?ms 

.j•J.S!, 

>: ~ MAY 25 1961 

.~.' : ..;,;" I 0 

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In Reply, PTetu. Rej.-ID 

FU.N,.. . ,'~ 

:. ~- ' 

._ ..• -

~ :. .. . ~ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

.. · .. , . ·- .. . . ~--- ~ ... ~. 

"·.-'~. 

-• "1•' 

• c _., -~ .. ~- ·~· .-

·, .... 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

llaJ 22. 1961 'c ., 

-. -

BIGHLANDIR FO.Lit SCHOOL 

JIONTEAGU:, TINNESSD 

INTERNAL SECURITI - C 

--... -n.,- "'--~~------ ...,. __ .,._, ___ 'ft.o.ae- l"h .. ++Aftftfta'a. - ~QA~~-UUU§• ~~WD-&A~V CA~QDJ V--~~----D-J 

Tennessee, a daily publication, in the Issue of April 6, .~51, reported that on April 6, 1961, the Tennessee Supreae Court upheld the revocation of the Highlander Folk School's 

gen.ral welfare charter and ordered tbe operating corporatiOD dissolved, It was reported that the Supreae' Court'• decision aeant that it aust shut down operations unless it gets 

a stay order fro. the tate Court in order to further appeal its case to the U. 8. Supreae Court. · I 

hool'• charter was reported revoked on 

two grounds: IY TON, Director and founder of the 

adult education institution, operated the school for his 

own personal gain; intoxicating beverages were sold illegally 

on the school preai•••, 

It was reported that the Tennessee Supreae Court did not consider the 1902 State Segregation ·Law, stating 

t hii. t 1 t ii&t necess&rJ fer th== to pass upon the Consti tu-· 

~ '. ~:al question as to the aixing of white and colored aale 

and feaale in the aaae school, •1nce Highlander had violated 

other state laws. . , . : 

t,I-75/1-

IT!CLO.S.U::ill 
:; .-.~ ... ' .. :~ 

,Lf 

· .... ·· 

\ 

..... ,. -.. .., 

HIGHLANDER POLK SCHOOL -· .. , 

the case was first tried in February, 1960, 

at which tiae the local State Court ordered tbe revocation 

of the charter and tbe corporation dissolved, but allowed 

the school to operate pending the outcaae of an appeal. 

The Knoxville Rewa-Sentinel, Knoxville, TeDDessee, a daily publication, in issue lay S, 1961, reported that the Tennessee Suprae Court bad dl!lal.ed a petition to 

re-hear the controversial Highlander Polk School case. It 

was reported that in asking for a re-hearing, attorneys for . Highlander had argued the charter was·revoked siaply because 

it was an integratea ia•titution. 

the article reported that the State Supreae Court in a recent opinion ignored the segregation question ~nd said the school should aive up ita charter because of. 

the beer sales and the finding of-the jury in regardB to 

KYLES BORTON, Director. 

It was reported that attorneys for tbe High- lander Folk School said they pJanned to carry the ca:o tc 

the D. s. Supreae Court. 

The Knoxville Journal, Knoxville, Tennessee, 

a daily publication, in issue liy 11, 1961, reported that 

on Kay 10, 1961, tbe Highlander Folk School announced it 

had authorized attorneys to take its charter revocation 

case to the Supreae Court of the United States. They will 

ask the u. S. Supreae Court to bear an appeal of a recent 

ruiine by the Tennessee Supreae Court ravokinl tho =chccl'e 

charter. 

Director KYLES BORTON reported that aeanwhile 

the racially integrated school is operating as usual and lR~t week was planning a new South-wide Citizenship School 

Progr-. 

-:a-

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the filP. One or more• of the> following statements, where 

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D Infonnation pertained only to a third part~, with no rPfPrf'nC'e to ~'Oll or the subject of your request. 

n Information pertajned only to a third parh·. Your name is listed in the title only. 

[] Document(s) originating with thP following govc·mmPnt agPB<"\(iL·~) ~ 

D 

_____ , was/wt>n' forwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Pp¥e(s2,...referr)ild~ for con~tion tq t.h_l' ~·<.>llo""i'_lg gm·<~rnmt~nt agpncy(ies); 

lL__·~ • rflcMV J_ Nn..Llt ~~N-~- it.-.; tlw information originated with them. You will 

be ftdvised uf avaii{hility upon rPtum of tht• matL·rial V> the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following f{•ason(~): 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated. explain this deletion. 

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material available for releasl' to you. 

~-~ lnf()rmntion pertained only to a third part~· with no n~fPrPnce to _vou or the subject of your request. 

c...J Infonnation pertained onlv to a third party. Your namL' is list(•d in thP title on!_v. 

LJ Document(s) originating with the' following goYemnwnt aw·ncY(iL·s). __ . ------------

----------, 'Aas/wPrt' forwarded to thf•m for direct response to you. 

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t '<tg~_,--(s)~--- fe;-,d _for_ cons,W..t.atio~n ¥_q t,hi._' folio_"_ i1-1g go\"{•rnmf•nt agPncy( ies): {_,/ __ '_-....? ~ It _f-:1y_~_ld-~j__!_(-£_J.J( tr._ as tlw i11fomlation originated with them. You will 

"l • .~n J:_,L·d uf a\ai.h(bility upon rPtum of the matL•r11tl to tlw FBL 

i'agc·1~.~ v.ithheld for the follmving rl'asnnf~): 

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Ft'J your infonnation: 

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aeurlet e-1..e1. OADR _ . d.~ .. For your lnfor.ation the Bichlaader Polk School ... ~ 

organized 1D approxtaatelJ 1932 and 1a reportedlJ aupported 

primarilJ '' donatioDS froa indiYiduals and labor union. 1D 

the fo~ of par-ents for the students to attend its courses. 

It offers courses of 1DStruction in labor orcanization, social 

econa.ics and the ceneral field of ~r education. 

M;yles Borton was bona 7-7-05 at S&Yann•h, Tennessee, '-. 

and attended the Union Theological leaiu.r,, VniYenitJ' of 

Chicago and the Cuaberland UniyeraltJ. Be receiYed aa d 

degree at the latter UnhersltJ. M)'les Borton.becia:ae Director 

of the Highlander Polk Bchool in approxtaate1J 193%; · 

Accordinc to Bureau files the Bighlander"~lk School 

bas had Communist Part)', (CP),,aeabers on it•·staffLand ~ 

followed the practice of welco.iDc caa.unist~_as students ~U Due to its interracial character it baa been.~he subject o 

numerous past allegatioDS that it represents "the headquartera for communisa 1a ltast Tennessee. These allegaflons ha•e ne•er 

been substantiated. An investication was conducted durinc 

1941-43; however, ~be reports ha•e never been disseminated 

and contain notes indicatin~ that auch of the s~bvereive 

derogator, information contained therein has been repudiated bJ individuals previoualJ furnishtaa information. 

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a.er;al Attache, IIOIUl 'i ' I-. I . . . ~ ~ BE: HIGHLANDER lOLl: lca'ooL -

s1-1sn - · / ~ONFJD _ JAL - .. . - .. . .. -· ; ! • ; - . 

- ·- -~ ' 

In Yiew of the above it does not appear desirable to 

volunteer inforaation concernine tbe Bichlander Polk lcbool and 

Borton to outside acenciee. If a request for inforaation ill 

received in tbl• recard, tbe tdent1frtac iDforaattoa ill J 

paracrppba two and tbree ur be furnished. 'l'be eubetance of 

paracrapbs four and flYe, boweyer, ehould onlr be turnlebed 

orallr. 

JIOTI: .. 

In Ylew of the controversial nature of the orcanization 

and Horton and the lackbf eubstantiat 

allegat 

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OPTIONAL ro.M NO, 10 

JGio-104 

UNITED STATES < 

Memora. 

----- _, --

TO DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

FR. OM SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

0 

SUBJECT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS - C 

~ • ' I ' 

I 

. ' 

DATE: 10/17/61 

The Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville, Tenn., 

a daily publication, in issue of October 8, 1961, reported 

that the HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL at Monteagle, Tenn., announces 

plans for a similar school in Knoxville, Tenn., to be located 

in an old apartment building at 1625 Riverside Drive, Knoxville. 

It was reported the Knoxville institution will be a research 

and educational center which "insures the continuation of the 

Highlander idea". It was reported that so far as financially 

possible, the Knoxville school will take over the previous 

educational program of the Monteagle School if the latter 

is forced to close • 

News media have reported the u. s. Supreme Court 

refused to hear the appeal of the~hlan~et_Folk School from 

the decision _of· the Te!inessee Courts and founclt1itli:rg'lilander 

vio"T'ated.:Crlmi na 1 laws--01'-tlie....stlife ana-·r:evoked-tlie school's 

charter. HORTON_, during the state trial, was accused~ 

operating .. the school =fer persliiiiT];ie-ri~:i.t-;- ana 1 t ·was alleged 

beer was illegally sold on the grounds. 

In the news article of October 8, 1961, it was 

reported that the State Charter for the Knoxville School was 

issued on August 28, 1961. 

MEMPHIS DIVISION, at Nashville, Tenn., will, 

through appropriate state offices, verify the reported charter 

of the Knoxville institution and will obtain from the charter 

records the purpose of the school, date charter granted, list 

of directors and.officials and any other pertinent data 

available in such files. It is requested that this information 

be furnished to the Knoxville Office. 

61-34, 1 - 100-3208) (p 

6-/-_z_::_e =:::-. ?.. 7 "Joe,.._ 11··· ---, ·~ po.v- . ' tO OCT 19 1961 

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J6 12-U-51} 

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AIRTEL 

Via---------

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

FROM: SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

SUBJECT: QIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INTERNAL SECURITY - C · 

INI'ORMANTS: 

SEt REV£RS£ SID£ f~Or 

ADO. DtSS£MINAT~~"" 

Location of Report ~/ I.-""!V 

e. If;~:~·-·~'"....,.,. ~-· 

/;A-t' 

T-2 is the House of Representatives Select Committee t~ Investigate Foundations and Other Organizations, which 

·_._kf 

committee advised the Bureau by memorandum reflecting interviews 

with various witnesses including BUDENZ. The Bureau furnished 

copies of this memorandum to the New York Office by letter 

dated 2/24/53, entitled, "USE OF BENEVOLENT TRUST FUNDS, 

PHILANTHROPIC AND ELEEMOSYNARY INSTRUCTIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE 

PROGRESS OF SUBVERSIVE GROUPS; IS - C". 

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The October 13, 1962 issue of the Knoxville Journal, 

a local daily newspaper published at Knoxville, tennessee,- .. co~Lained an article captioned "Highlander Alters Policies". · · This article read in part as follows: . -_. • : · · .• · .·· . -·' · ~ . -- t' ... . ....-.. ---~ ~ ~---"~-: . .c ·:·~..,_ .. _:,~ ----::~~----~- •• '\,,~! -~:_--:0: ;-~·· 

.. "Highlander Folk School, noted for its pro- .X;:.:,· 

Communist leanings, has changed emphasis from . • · · :· • 

education of whites to accept integration to -.<,.•) ·; ·r. -- . agitation by a few Negroes in stirring up racial .·. 

::~~::~ :· "?. :::::: :·:.:: ::.:·:::· ~ ,, '"'' " 0 

--, t/' week by Myl~~ton, H.ighlander. d_irector, to a group · · of 11 supporters of Rev. llauric~ccracken in Ci n- :. t: ,J:::· - c;:!_noatt. McCracken is a Pres]JyieibLn ~niater, under : _ . suspension, who was the treasurer of "Operation.;,;_.· · " .. -

Freedom". for "Tent City" in West Tennessee.. a few -:~· ~• 

months ago. He has a community church in Cincinnati. ·"' ., .. _,_-~" ·-- ... ·-: .. ,· ____ " .. ~: -~~ ~· ··· .. 

Highlander has been operating here at 1625 . ;. . Riverside Dri,ve. It formerly was at Monteagle;·-:··-."-: :, · 

but was closed there several months ago by the. ~';;;~.,_.., ~:;; J -.• · 

state. After that, Horton and a group obtained"' :. . · another charter from the state to function here.'.:-::.··· 

• .... . . . _·:. -- ,4·- , .. __ -_-: .• ~- ~:-·•·~t v• !"• 

Horton, in his talk, told of a Negro Presbj.;, ·· "'·· -.. ·· 

terian Church in Knoxville wh~re the basement i.ll~··:";,.,_:;.;:- _ · ..• -,"-·· _ .. sed as a cafeteria and meeting place for Negro ... _,,. '' · · · 

students from University of Tennessee; llaryvilltf·~·,.<<~~<-­

College and Knox vi He College to plan integra tio~ ·: ~- ·:: 

activities. ·· Uostairs quarters are used to house ,·,,:r:-:•!r'~- .. - Negro speakers. who. come into Knoxville to speak _ ~ ,·;. ~ '•4, -

to the groups.· · · ·:· -· ·,,- · : · · · · ... ··. ;.: . ·- '' · ·, .. · · · . J:·:-: · · . ·· 

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Horton also told of the "difficulties'' High-· _ lander is having with Knoxville city ordinance~> passed · .. to specifically hinder operation of the left wing 

institution. 

He told the meeting "a group of labor leaders" .. - who helped elect Mayor John Duncan went to the mayor·-

to protest the ordinances, but " all they got was lip 

service." ,. -, ,., ,. 

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Confidential Informant Knoxville T-2 1 another Government agency, advised that LOUIS FRANCIS BUDENZ 1 admitted former 

editor of the Daily Worker, an East Coast Communist newspaper, and a former official of the Communist Party, advised on November 

21, 1952, that the Highlander Folk School was pro-Communist, but BUDENZ did not furnish further details.. · . :.~. .• . .· ~- . - .-;, 

The OCtober 8, 1961.issue of the Knoxville NewsSentinel, a local daily newspaper published at knoxville, 

Tennessee; contained an article. reflecting that Highlander · . Folk School had announced plans for a similar school at · . · · .'. 

Knoxville to be located at 1625 Riverside Drive. The article 

identified MYLES HORTON as director of Highlander.:·. : .. ' · · . _~>: ';_:. 

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The December 17, 1961 issue of the Knoxville Hen-·• 

Sentinel contained an article reflecting that on December _16 .~ · 

1961, assets of Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, ·• . we-re auctioned by the :Stat.e of Tennessee uaier a court decree · .. , after the school was· convic:t;_ed _of violating three Tennessee··. '• -'-' '· 

laws and failed in appeals to··t~e ;~.t!'te and UniteCI States L <. ·- - supreme Courts. -- ,. I . .:' ,. _ _ _ . - -~ 'i .·,· ·" . . ' ~_: ' ' ~' ~... . .· ' - .. ~~· -~. . - . ' . . .- . -~ 

The July 8, 1962 issue of the Knoxville News-Sentinel 

contained an article reflecting the land on which Highlander 

~-"' . 

Folk School was formerly located had been sold at public auction - under Coutt decree.. The article stated that MYLES HORTON, ·· Director of Highlander during its entire existence, has moved · - to Knoxville, Tennessee, and bas been granted a State charter 

for an organization called Higblander,llesearcb and Educational' 

Center. ~-

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

< .... -.' 

Title HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL , · 

' ., 

HIGHLAnUER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

Character INTERNAL SECURITY ~·--c -'~' .. .,.. . '. 

_ ... _ 

. . 

Re:f'erence Letterhead Memorandum dated. 

october 25 1 1962, Knoxville, Tenn. 

.'-, i ...... 

. ,. '. ~- . ,L ·.~. ... 

All sources (except any listed below) used in re:f'erenced 

communication have :f'urnished reliable in:f'ormation in the past. 

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Thia document contain• aettber recommendauo~~ aor conclu,•Jona of the FBI. 1t ta the prop•rty 

of the FBI end 1a loCDed to your aQeacy; U and Ua co.ntenta are 11101 to be d1•tributed outatde 

your aqenc:y. 

..... ~ ' 
4-750 12-7-791 

3 

( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~Deleted under exemption(s) _Jr~.L---J?LC~.._-,·1-'----".),-::_:-:.___27,,~P~----- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. / 

[J Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

;-l lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) • -------------

----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagc·(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

----------------as the information originated with them. You will 

t,c advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pagel,;! withheld for the following reason(s): 

'F nr your infonnation: 

ffi". Th)' following number is to be use for reference regarding these pages: 

I,)- 7 SLL_-~~----~----~--

'.X\>-,, 

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F'D~36 (Rev. 12~13~56) 

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'1'0: DIRBCI'<Il, FBI (61-7511) 

FROII: 4-'>h?uc, DOXVILLJ: (~1-12) _ .. 

~I~J pog; SCHOOL , , . ~ .. , £i:t - c ,, ,, 

INFORMATION CONCDBIJIG 

RACIAL IIATTERS 

Re l:nosville 

t'""". 

Enclosed are the original and seven copies of 

a letterhead •e•orandua bearing the caption, "BIGBLARDBR 

FOlK SCHOOL, INFORIIATIOR CONCERNII.O, RACIAL IIATTBRS". . - -

No local disse.ination to intelligence agenci .. has been made by the EDosville Office. 

As the Bureau is aware the ~nosville 

no investigation of the Highlander Folk 

pursuant to Bureau instructiou. The source .... .,,. .... , 

in enclosed •e•orandua is 

·_,. ·--'·'-• 
4-750 (2-7-791 ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

KXXXXX 

xxxxxx 

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_.2 Page(s) withheld entirely\t this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

ricated. exolain this deletion. 

e{ '"'"""' :.,~ "'""""oo<•> ,_1 /7 .J 7 (._ ; .1-ZJ? w;h oo""""" 

n 

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material available for release to you. / 

Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) •------------

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

---------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

,,.. advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pa~e(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

'For your infonnation: 

~lhe following number is to be used for reference regarding these 'es: 

L~ 1-:7.511- :< 71- LHfJj J ,. /J 

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BIGBLDDER FOUt SCHOOL ~ '\ / 

CO. Df}(nAL Confidential In oraant KDozyille T-2, another · gover-ent agenCJ, aclyised that LOUIS FJlAlfCIS BUDIIIZ, _ adllltted foraer editor of the Dail7 Worker, an :last Coast 

co .. unist newspaper, and a foraer oftlclai of the CO..uDist 

PartJ, advised on Boveaber 21, 19.52, that the Highlander Folk School was pro-eo..unist, bat BUDIRZ did not furnish 

further details. 

The Dec .. ber 17, 1961 issue Of the JAozyille Rewa-Sentinel, a local dailJ newspaper published at 

Jtnozvllle, tennessee, contained an article reflecting that 

on Dece•b&r 16, 1961, assets of Bighlander Folk School, 

•onteagle, Tennessee, _were auctioned bJ the State of Tennesee 

under a court decree after the school was convicted of 

violating three Tennessee laws and_failed in appeals to the 

State and U. S. Supr .. e Courts. 

This clocu.ent contains neither reca.aendations nor 

conclusions of t.he FBI. ·.It is the propertr of the FBI and 

is_loanecl to JOUr agenc1; it and ita contents are not to 

be distributed outside Jour agencJ. 
'~-· 

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-. OCT 29 19S4 

13~. I 

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CHANGED TO 

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4-528 

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=::~:~t~ ,. / I 'I . 

,A 1'-_. 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation U. s. Department of Justice 

washington, D. c. 

l.~y dear Mr. Hoover: 

JuJ.y 10, 1.963. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED· 

HEREIN IS UNClASSIFii~E~~ DATE~'iN BY ;)i ~~ · cJ4~a~ _.-/ 

,:;],•'/ 

--· 

After a telephone conversation with the local agent, yester- day, I conclud~hat, to be safe, Ild write you regarding a 

document on the'jfighlander Folk S~hoo1; Communist. Training School, Monteagle, Tenn, which came~to my possession as 

stated below and the advisability of showing 1 t to· friends and 

acquaintances. I am active in politics. 

This document seems to be particularl.y appropiate at this time. 

>"....,..,.. ...... :---- ~ ..... ,.. . . . 

. :~ - •k,.1; :t..). .... 

r::u~wn Events was a publication subscribed for. In one issue there 

tias a paragraph to the effect that a document was circulating in Washington, that was causing comment. This could be obtained 

free of charge by writing to the Georgia Commission·on Education, ~20 Agriculture BuilJing, 19 Hunter Street, s. W., Atlanta 3, 

Georgia. This I did and in return I received this 4 page spread 

¥,ith text and pictures of this scho'ol. Editorial comment to the 

effect:"On the preceeding pages you have seen pictures of the leaders of every major race incident in the South from ""ay 1954 until , the time of this meeting, Labor·Day, 1957 Week-end (August 301 Zl 

and September 1,2)_********* Al.1 or any part of this folder may be 

re11roduced by any person or organization with or without credit b~ing given to this Co:amission." 

Georgia Commission on Education · ·.- · Governor .Jarvin Griffin, Chair!llall~ 

:.:. 7. 1il~m /Jr., ~c ive'\\~etary.REC-3?/ / ~r'.J~ 'I J) . Tf I 'L ~\)y . {,t!:)[ - /.;)// "' ' 

Mal'tlli L'!_~her -"-· gi Rev. Al5. :r:na~y ~re among many others picturfi!d There are aiSo numerous references-to the activities of the N~ A. 

A. c. 1'. In view of what is going on now, this folder ·.vith its ·· reliable information, ~eems useful. today. ' 

'. 

I shall be gr.ateful. for any advice Y'9U can ii-VJULII1S 1963 

·.··r•.- ' ----~·-~- • 
REC-37 't - •• + -.--. 

;:. -~ . 

.. ·,. 

_· .• ,., 

. ---- :./,:. 

' ' .lulyl6, 1863 " - ·;·: ~ .• . ~ ' . . ~-- -:.· "'"" 

A~ .. : ' . .- /<.. 

: '- - -, ... 

- ... 

n "" ~ eli ..,~ ~ 

... ..... CD~ 

H~ !W 

•/ 

]I r;cYour letter of .July loth baa l>een received. 

With respect to your inquiry, the FBI, being an 

Investigative agency of the Federal Government, neither makes 

evaluations nor draws coocluslons u to the character or lntegrltJ 

,. 

Cl 

Cl 

z 

oi any organization, publication or lndlvldnaJ. In addltlon, information ln the files of this Bureau must be maintained as confldenttal 

pursuant to regulations of the Department of .Justice and ls avaUahJe 

for official use only. I am, therefore, unable to comment in the 

manner you suggested. I bope you wlll understand my poslUOD. · 

:1 

..... • 

...... / 

.· 

MAJL~Q Ei 

~~~~- 1 G 1933 

COMM·FBI 

Sincerely yours, ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

0: Edga[ Hoover HEREIN ,IS ~:CLASSIFIED · DATE 3 s- ~ BY &R~l11''- .John Edgar Hoover · J'i S'~J ~ Director • . .. .· ·· . '" 
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4-750 (2-7-79) c c 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

7icated, explain this deletion. • 

r!!l" Deleted under exemption(s) ~ 7 C J _/J. ? P with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 7 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) • -------------

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

0 'For your infonnation: 

~'r: __ i_jnL..n.Juc.mLbe..Lr_:...._•_to~:;_~be::..cf;-s_e~~o:· =fo=r=-r-e-fe_r_e_n_ce_re_g_a_rd_in_g_t_h_e_s_e_p_a_g_e_•_= ------------

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

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xNO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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... 111/DO.J 
.. ,::.-,' 

' . ·.·-~,:'111. 

:-~<: 

. -, _;. '· . 

(f-" . ..t;:_<J.~ 

~~- c--~~;~.~1 .. 

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. ~- .. -~ 

~}~~r~ -~ ~ . ~'' ' 

-. 

Dear Mr. Director: 

... " .. / 

COMMITTK ON COMMERCE 

v 

.July J.6, ~963 

~· 

I 

I am encl.osing a ~eaflet which vas inc~uded in the officiu \) 

hearing record on S. ~732, the Administration's Pub~ic Acco1111110- ~ 

dations CiVil Rights bill., It vas submitted by the Governor '\. 

of Mississippi, Ross Barnett, as part of.his statement to demon- t{ 

strate that the recent raciu demonstrations in the South and ~~ 1 

elsewhere are inspired and organized by co=nists. 1 ~ 

I Could you at the earliest possible time advise me of the ·~ l authenticity of the picture, the status of the organization ~ 

I !

printing it (the Ge~a Commission on Education), the nature 

and character of thNighlander Folk Schoo~ of Menteagl.e, Tenn., 

1 j as well as any other Tacts that migot be pertinent in-evBl.ua'£:.. 

)ing the imp~ications of the materiu. 

I A reply with the return of the leaflet for inclusion in the 

record would be very helpful. My thanks in advance. . 

Personu regards. , 

' \_\ ' ' ~-· /. ; 

- - CO~R~·IDENGE 
"> " 

.-i'\£..~ 

·-:·~-.- .. "'~ , . ., ~ 
,:,~· l"ii~~U:a;;/;ir · CJ ,y~ ! 

TO DATE: July 18, 1963 

FllOM 

f:.~ 

. '3 SUBJECt': . REQUESTS FROM SENATOR WARREN G. MAGNo·~ . . . . · -~ . AND CONGRESSMAN JEFFERY COHELAN 

~g, CONCERNING CURRENT RACIAL AGITATION 

Reference my memorandum dated 7/18/63, ~tioned as above, w""'"" 

acknowledged receipt of letters and enclosures from Senator Magnuson and 

Congressman Cohelan and informed them that their requests are being forwarded 

to the Attorney General for his consideration. 

Senator Magnuson requested inform~tion a,s to,JJJ.e_ authenticity of ! 

\ pho_togra~h of.~rtin_J.,.utiJ.e~J{ing and others taken at thftfighlander :folk School. 

\ 

.11!~ status. of the_ Georgi.~ (;9m. _m __ is_sio·n· . on __ ~_duc;:ail. · o.n.. which printed the photograph, and information relating to the Highlander Folk School. Congressman Cohelan . also requested-information -regaraing-King-ar1iftlie-sChool. 

.I 

Information concerning the Highlander Foik School and those in the · . · 

:-totograph with King-Abner Winston Berry, Aubrey Williams, and Myles Horton-- I 

was furnished to the Attorney General by letter dated 7/17/63, captioned · · ~-

"Martin Luther King, Security Matter-C, Racial Matters." ~ 

The enclosed memorandum contains additional information for the 

Attcrney General. · · 

The Georgia Commission on Education, a legislative investigating body 

of the State of Georgia, sent a photographer to a seminar at the Highlander Folk 

School over Labor Day, 1957, to take still and motion pictures of individuals and 

activities. Later the Commission published these photographs in a large folder. . ,._,/} 

Enclosures ~· ... •;C 7-/8-bJ,. . ,IPI-/--?11"-- . . NOT ll."F.CORDEl) . '·" 1- Mr. M •. A. Jones : 176 JUL 241963 · ~- ·. ·.• •"~ ! -Mr. Baumgardner . 

;.-·C.:.' '2 : .. ··' 1 -Mr. Bland ' rl -· 

,·· -~ . . 1- Section tickler: ~ il% : · 

1- 10~~!·~~~~-- 1111 I i ., > · ~ . 

ALL tNFORMATlO~·CONTAJNED -I' .. ._.,-

~;~~'~}t,~~~~~S~l~~ n. I ' 

.,,...,:._ ''/' ~~ 0 '"' rJ T vfNf 0 &rrl.fe6 

1 - Mr. Belmont 

51 

~: 

I' 

. "·' 
• 

,~ .. ,i 

-

-

- ~-~ ~ •• - "'' ~~'0 ... 

' . . ... 

Memo Smith to SUllivan 

Re: REQUESTS FROM SENATOR WARREN G. MAGNUSON 

AND CONGRESSMAN JEFFERY COHELAN 

CONCERNING CURRENT RACIAL AGITATION 

Information in our files shows that Abner Berry, Aubrey Williams, 

'-. 

and King were present at this Labor Day seminar at the school. King was quoted 

1 

by a press service on July 13, 1963, as having admitted that he attended the 25th 

anniversary celebration of the school in 1957 and that the _picture of him was 

apparently taken during this visit. · 

RECOMMENDATION: 

That the enclosed letter be sent to the Attorney General. 

• 

-2-

-. 

, -

'
>!·'···-

• 

o,ftONi• ,o ..... o. It 

MAf lf·~ f!>ITI0'" 

"'"" (i.I'H. 1.£Y. NO. 2P 

-o ... ._ ... 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

TO :W. C. io" ,R. 11. 

-J Ru 1o~~o~ ..__..,...,._.._ ~a~o~ __ .,.."'"'"_ 7/1~/h~ , 1 ,.VI W'-.IJ --.&g,...v ~o~o~--... ,..6.QQL.IoW"'""" Mo~•~n~ .. .., ~"'""'oloV•n;i,.. 

o~~1-Qa~ G e f"~ ~~A/ fl.,. f. { 

containing the photograph of Martin Luther King and others at what was"'' ("Vue:::cribed as a "Communist Training School."· Senator Magnuson requested 

infor.nat~ concerning the authenticity of the photograph, informatio~ . 1 ~eo fool""'o. +-'1-"1~~,...1-,,..,....,At"'!.- "1:0' ..... 11 ... <! ... 1-. .......... 1 ................. _ ................... _ .................... ____ ,.. •·•-~ "-11.-........ ...11 •• •-1 ...... - \\ i ~w ... ""' '-u.,... .u..&. S,.L.L.&..~J.)tS+ ¥ H*t'> w'd+VV.&. wu~~;.&. c: '-UC: 11uu '-VQ.&. c:t!-'u wa.,;, c:u . .&.c:gcu..a...r ,_~~.~., \.I 

1 and the -~_ta~_:>- _of the .,Veorgia -Commission .. on Education 'f~~ch __ P!~!l~e~- th~ _ f.-..'\.J 

! leaflet. . ';.· ci() Ai' i!L··.-ll ',7' -, .,;f; .. _:JO-. - ·- · n .;;>~I·- c '!I'// . 1.; /V, By letter dated 7/15/63, with a. similar 91~los-ure, Con0 "-eS'sma.n f'i_'_ 

C;)h2l= re:::uested information regarding King and the school. · t 

"' It is believed that these requests, which are similar in nature ~ 

ito the p!'evious re~u.est of Senator l:"...onroney, should be 1-.LS.Ddled in the same \....! 

i !'l<:u"lner by advising the correspondents that because of Departmental policy "'-S 

: their requests are being fon~arded to the Department for its consideration. I 

• :S:::cloS'ed for that pu.."'Pose are te letters to Senator IY 

B~!>arate co~~~tio_I}, the Attorney General is being 

~- 0,-

0

.-:.::::::::: :::-.: copy each of correspondents' letters, enclosures, and our 

I replies. He are also furnishing pertin~t; .. inform~t+~;>n and calling 

1 attention to the data previously submit~ed to him regarding this ,matter 

contained in the Director 1 s letter to the Attorney General dated' ·-7 /16/63. - ' " -

/~ 75 II-· ./ Jf! "" ' NoT RECORDl!ID!ff I JUL 2 1963 

__ Th~t- t:9-e enclosed letters ~9s&u:2to19Senator Magnu n and 1 • ,:\--

. ~~:~-~~!~~ ?~/J~sTJ'"'\1 ~ -:t{,· \P} \ ~-~· ,,\~~11..,.. 

. ~-g~ t----· 

U 

~&f\ · v1 ~~ v~-V \S\ ,.Y 

\ ,.\1- { ~ . 'I ....0 If.__.- > 
4-750 (2-7-79) ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~leted ~nder exemption(s) -~~~~7_C.~~~~·I-_:..Ir~"--7.!._,_D=~------ with no segregable 

D 

D 

material available for release to you. / 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). -------------

------------------. was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

·---------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

lie ad. viSed of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

·For your infonnation: 

~pe following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

,~ 1 .... :_7_5 u -,;;. P.3 

\.\~ \ ~ .. \. 

xxx·ocx 

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X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

/.elet.ed under exemption(s) --=A=..,"'--_?._-'c..--='-------------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) , ------------

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

------------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

be adviBeJ of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

~or your information: -'L=-=E=TTE.Je_-'-==---'fic,__.IC~~=m'--TJ.~Idi..te..D f'AR rr ~T)!e followinj_number is to be u ed for reference regarding these pages: 

0_L-?~JIlCXXX.XX. 

XXX XXX 

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11'81/DOJ 
~- .· (~,,~ .. tfC '"~''-. j .• ' • 'O: ~---, --' -. 

76th Year-No. 122 

i. 

-•· .. . 

Senate group to quiz 

FBI, RFK o~ 

miXes • __..........-.~=----; -In_spired 

' . . BY NEIL GIUIRIDE 

WASHINGTON, July ~-(11.-Sluppol'tE!rs of President Kennedy's civil rights 

t:~:~'=e South~~~or'& claim that current N~-~mbe 

A. 

asked 

15. W1b 

for any 

J>.Okla., 

it 

AM 

has relevant 

"the Ptdetal 

to the 

Bwstatement '1111 ~ 

of Gov. Boss !=11--- 1!Ban1e1tt of Mississippi Friin testimony before the 

Sen;1te Commerce CommitPeter Latcford aiul friends 

give movie~ lingo 

to New Frontier' 

Nen Washington ~a 

WASHINGTON, July 13-Prsident ~nnedy 

many friends-and a brother-in-~w. Peter Lawf·ord· I . 

among the Hollywood contingent, and that may 

the liberal use of movieland expnissions by New 

ti~~ before K~ went t ~ ~oJni•llrat planners drew up DDt au 1tiDeraJ7 but t scenario. Tlws 

lbe ~German7 scenario," lbe "Dubbii scenario" -

- ..... lola lenabltloiJ .. 111&;..& - ......... ., ...., up--. ft ....... oii.J ......... ... AI lbe belght of lbe rail c:r!l!li lbe atber day, 11 

rea<IJiog lbe fisb nan fer lllatemeat by lbe 

-. ~ CO\lkl bear IIICb • "door lbe lOt, door tbe lOt 

Cerern.o 'neu IDugl& ., -~ rr WAS A OOOL ._..me fer Wul!iDiloa In JuJ¥, but 

lea. r..geae lleCmiii:J, ~IIIDL. UDoot :J8WIIOd a -tiD& 

-.p&permaa. • 

~.~ •• ~ ~ ~ ~ lliU81 

. ~~ Seaote Mlrt. ... lllls eer&-
I 
e . 

" . 

" 

.. 

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:O..':"'·'fO,.- ..... ~ 

~~ 

~·.,..:4 t·--,:.:-· . ..,:_,._~ 

.· . -----··- ----

\ 

. \ L . 

Dear 

," ~ 

\.t>i' 

\ ,,. A't · :.:¥;~. 

. 

·1' . . • .... ::... ...--~-' •' 

} ~'\ ~·· •I: : ,~W,J 22, 1~3 -~ •• .f ·-' ,;.,.' •.. :'1-i~_:..._ffe'• c 

I received JOur letter of .JulJlS, 1963, wltb 

" enclosures, ud I want to thank you for youi kind pra,era." 

Although I would like to be of service, tbe FBI 

being an investigative agencJ of tbe Federal Government aeitber 

makes evaluations nor draws concluslODS as to tbe character or 

integrity of any orpnlzation, publication or individuaL I resret 

I an1 unable to be of help in this instance ud I hope JOU 11411 aot ." 

infer either that we do or do not have data in our lUes relatlnl 

tc the subject of your inquiry. .. . . "• . "' ._ _,_ ~ '; ~~ ....... ,: ,-. r-J 

;!'~ :..--; 

If\<) •.• "" • ~ -~- -·~ -.- r_. 

SlncerelJ JOura, ·· 

Jti.;~, .• ~':.:~-.... ~::-;;r"....., .. " ... <-.- "" · .-. ~ ~I.Eilllra ,, , IJ. Edgar HO<MII: " 

:.t.· 

~- ~i4 -- J~~~ 21963 ~~J-~ .John Edgar HoOver 

~:~j :~Mat . · \ _ ~!rector_ ., . Q rt,"_ ", . ~-;::~ ~ Nofi;: dtrrespondent 1s not identifiable in BufUes. The Highlander F~lk Sch§l! (HFS) has been the subject of numerous allegations that it 1s a. il :~:j . ., -·-communist school and the headquarters of communism in Eastern Tennessee, 

f(~~:; ,._j_/. •• i due primarily to its racial character. These allegations have not been ~ . , , , ,-:,~; substantiated. The Bureau is of~ numerous communist affUiatiom 

of personnel affiliated with the Bureau r"~>l ToloM --

t!:~~-~ ~:~~Jnr.t ' .. -. ., -
:.:~·;·-<:<~ .--.---. /· 

:..;~ .· _· .. 

-....:;..._.... .. ( '* 

l)NITED STATES GOV~NT 

Memorandum 

Faow D. C. Morre~ 

SUBJECT: -

-t7c....-

• 

DATB: 

(~ 

0 

7-19-63 

' By letter to the FBI dated 7-15-63 concerning "Reds ;ln·OurCapital" and directed to "Gentlem~ or Jackasses," captioned indivJQual 

furnished her views concerning th~ighlander Folk School. She trac.ec;t .1-

its history and quoted a Tennessee newspaper articie 01 llf"-'9 which se'l;; ~-

out "It is a center, if not the center for the spreading of Communists:i • 

doctrine in 13 Southeastern States." She praises Governor Ross BarHtt t-• ' 

of Mississippi for his wonderful stand on civil rights and criticizes thbBin :·. 

as being3eak and indifferent. She concurs with Governor Barnett that~Jev. . 

are mostly regJWnsible for our present day ills and refers to Martin Mather · 

King an~eis ;as "niggers. " In addition to thiS school, she attacks tAe · . 

NAACP and observes it should be banned from the U.S. and its assets'l&eized. -~ 

FBI, 

Due to her inflammatory language and unfounded attacks on the 

this letter should not be acknowledged. -~~/·· fill' . ''fl-V' ' .,.. . 
~ :.~·--·.'/~ 

11"'';:;.;.} . 

. 

~~~F-~.~;~ 

' ' ' ' .. c ····: •. ·:' :·.,-:: . ~- .. :···' 

-~.-~-- ·-· ------~- ,__ -~~.; ... ~-~--.'..;;.-~;_ ;~ _ _. ........ ~. .lii"t . ... :- -

• 

\ ( ( 

'~. ~_:.·· . 

Memorandum 

TO Mr • lV • C • Sfl-1 fti7ll1b 7 

DATE: July 26, 1963 

FROM : Mr. F. J. Baumgardner ~J. 

.<0 . "\ 1 

SUBJECT: JIIGHLANDER RES~ 

-.EDUCATION -CENIER 

JKNOXVILLE TENNESSEE 

INFORMAff(lN CONC'EIOONG 

(INTERNAL SECURITY) 

-Mr. Sullivan - Mr. Baumgardner 

-Mr.-

)f?C/ 

BeliiiO!It 

Toloon~~~ """' Caaper 

Co.ll""ooComad,--- O.Looch __ 

E-~~~ 

Cole 

...... 

ISuiUTawl 

r ...... 

·Tele.Ptoom-

=··-=== 

A review of the file on the Highlander Research and Education 

Center, ft?rmerlt ?.~?Nate~ ~s_;he Hi~_llJ ander Folk School at M~nteagle, 

Tennessee, has een made ana It is recommended that no security-type 

investigation be conducted since this organization is primarily involved 

as a training ground in the integration movement in the South. It is 

believed, however, that we should obtain the names of all officers, 

teachers and students of this organization so that a ~heck of Bufiles 

can be made. 

The Highlander Folk School was founded in 1932 by Myl 

continues as director of this and Donald Lee 

Due to the interracial character of the School, it has been 'l the subject of numerous allegations that it represented the headquarters of communism in east Tennessee. An extensive investigation was 

conducted in 1941 and 1942 as a result of the allegations. These 

allegations have neyer been substantiated and much of the information 

of a subversive derogatory nature concerning this School was later 

repudiated by the individuals who previously furnished the information. 

No investigation is being condqp~d·.~oJl,~rning this organization.at this 

time. Although inquiries havet:lbeen made .o:t;. the Knoxville Office from 

time to time regarding an investigation of 

recommended no investigationr·· ~e 3 l<1 ill .!3 

61-7511 \~ 

~1C--- tP.dfrn/fjh <4> ALL INFORMATION CofirAINED 

i~·~: . c. ~~~~~~~~~~p~s~'~WR'nrn!M -t~ ~s~ 
t}J '~ -.• ·. 

. 

. 

. 

~~ 

~~~~ ~' ... ~;:i.~t;:J 

~-~~1~, 

.. ~-< ..... 

~~·.:,_;!J 

~?. -~""" .....,..._ . ..,_::\ ~ 

•

• 

. 

. ' 

::· '. " > 

-· 

.. 

-~ / 

l r, 

v·· 

Memorandum to Mr. Sullivan 

RE: HIGHLANDER RESF.AK:H AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 

61-7511 

' 

'!-

On 2/16/60 the charter of the Highlander Folk School was 

revoked by the State of Tennessee as the School was operating "a private 

racially integrated school• in violation of the Tennessee Code aaking 

it unlawful to allow white and colored persons to attend the same 

institution of learning. Horton subsequently opened the Highlander 

Research and Education Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, which continues 

in existence. 

This organization has continuously been involved in the 

integration movement and as a result charges are being continuously made 

that it is "communist." These charges are based mainly on the opinion 

of individuals making the charges that being prointegration is being 

procommunist. 

This organization in June, 1963, was again involved in an 

incidt-nt involving the arrest of 28 white and colored men and women 

after a raid on a camp site near Maryville, Tennessee. This camp was 

being operated as a branch of the Highlander Research and Education 

Center and was being used as a workshop to train individuals for the 

integration movement • 

RECOMMENDATION: 

That the attached letter to the Knoxville Office be approved 

instructing that the names of all officers, teachers and students 

connected with this organization be obtained in a very discreet manner 

and furnished to the Bureau. No active investigation is to be 

conducted. 

-2-

:it,.-~l;:'~' ::::_~.--'"'r::~5~2:-!ryt~~~~~7!~'• 1\G~!,ft{~!';~71~S' f;~f;,:;~?;;{AtNJ'-;:S;~·-~\~--' c_ -
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; ' . ;- -"' . . 

.;· . --~ 

-~ ~- -' ·~: 

SAC, ~nox•i1le (61-12) 

~ "'V' 

.IUlJ 29, 1963 

4/P Di~ecto~, FB~ (61-751~).._ o(p p 1 -Mr. Sulilvan . . . •. • . .... ' ~ -~ . ,.. ! • "-'. - • .:.... -· 

Ill GBLANDER ltf.SEARCII AND 

EDUCATION CENIEl 

INOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 

INFORM.\TION CONCERNDfG 

( IN'I'ElUW. SECURI1Y) "· .· ;·' 

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1 • Mr. ' .; -·' ... :-.. 

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You are instructed to' discreetl7 obtain the · nues of all officers, teachers aDd students wbe are · ~'-' ·. ~urrent17 connected ~lth the Bi&h1ander Research aad 

Education Center for subaissiou to the Qureau. fto actiYe 

investigation aay be conducted. You should Insure that 

obtaining these naaes deea aot becHe a aatter of public · lnf!raation in JOUr territoi'J. . . . . 

-·--···-., 

This aatter~hould be h!~dled expedltiouslJ ..a · 

the na11es furnished to the Bureau as aoon_as poastbte;,_-,~ 

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_,, ~' .- .. 

See aemorandum Baumgardner to Sullivan, saae 

caption, dated 7/26/63, TPR:dh/fjh. · • · • · 

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MAILEDIIO 

JIJ\. ~ 9 1963 '• . -· -_:' 

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I. -·s comM-fB! 1 

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WAn. AOOt.l [j( TELETYPE UNIT D 
4-750 (2-7 .. 79) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the tile. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statementa, where 

~Deleted under exernption(s) _ _:::.,#'--",__7_,_.:::C.::::_"*" ____________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

LJ Infonnation per+...ained only to a third pa.'iy. Your name is listed in the title only. 

L:J Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) •------------

-----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pag<·(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

--------------- as the information originated with them. You will 

;_,_ ... (L~h .. d ,Jf availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pare<s 1 withheld for the following reason(s): 

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LL1'' Pur your information: __,L=£.""'-'-'TT£R.-'-="--=-·-h__,K,=-=~c.:.tl'c..:1 _ _.J'---'H'--'--'I'--'• R--"-"J>"----'-~--'--f<q'-tyY.::=-7------­ / 

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0-1 (Rev. 1·:1-63) • 

UNITED STATES GOVER ENT 

lvfernorandu;n 

TO : SAC, Kno:cv'£11« - II ............. .-?I 

(Yourfile 61-12) DATE:_~8:L./~l!::',j6/~63~---

~M ~lrector, FBI (Bufile andSertaiBI-::t!t!:;%1:.:;==-'r3~-~Si,ll..,l~-=.22.8.8:27~)~------ Room No • ..JB~! ~~=~?~Jd_ ________ _ SUBJECT: !iiGHLiili DER RES '£:ARCH AND 

ElJVCn.Tl ON CI::,•TER 

n 1. Bufiles indicate this case is delinquent. Give specific reason for delinquency. 

~eand destroy ~1 

(For SOG ••• 

o•IJI} 

r-1-: ........ t r;o-1 1 .... +•• n Rubmittecf 

lZJ 2• Date []:;;~ 0 ;;;;;;head memo ~ ~Ul-b~~~bmitted ReBulet 7/29/83. 

D 3. If valid reason exists for not submitting report at this time, state reason specifically and when report 

will be submitted---------------------------------

04. Status of 0 Appeal U Inquiry 0 invesiigation 0 Piooecuticn 

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',i .: ··., 4:::-.- (-:-:tJ L:~~-~~x~&/l ~-~;, ___ (---,}:;: ,::-F-·1.>?:.~:~/f::[~~:&;~:~{s~f~t~ Wi~i~_:ugs-:~lt.~-~:-~0\-\~-~; :', .:. •- : ,\. . .. -- ll OP'T1CX • AL ~· P'OitN NO. 10 

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.UNITED STATES GOVFltNMENT 

Memoranf:!im 

TO Director, P.BI (61-7511) 

FROM,~" SAC, Knoxville (61-lli) (C) 

SUBJECT: CsiGBLANDBR usuRCa A1Q) 

BJ5UCATION CBNTD --- --- INFOIUIATfcif ·ooifCJUIN:mG 

(INTERNAL SBCURITY) 

BeBulet to banille 7/29/63. 

DATE: 

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Referenced letter instructed Knoxville to discreetly obtain the naaes of all officers, teachers, and students 

currently connected with Highlander Research and Education 

Center (BRBC). The Bulet instructed Knoxville to conduct no 

active investigation and to insure that_ obtaining these naaes 

did not becoae a aatter_of public ~nfo tion. 

BRBC is located at 1625 side Drive, Knoxville, 

m-------- .&CUUCIDI:tiii:IIV. au.u --~ .&. 4•-.. D U.l.£-'lliJ._. A~---•-- .. VA .&.• 4- _£.....,."'V VVf MV.&•Av..-.1 un~nu· .,--a~•-v 1ftft~ +4-• ___ Ai~a~+ft~ ..., ___ _ 

of Highlander Folk School (BPS), Monteagle, Tennessee. The _ Bureau is aware that assets of BFS were auctioned by the State 

of Tennessee in 1961 under court decree after BPS was convicted 

of violating state laW8. ~ 

The physical facilities of this institution consist 

of one large former residence and a small adjoining structure. 

IIYLBS BORTON and his wife reside on the premises and it is be-

"'

• .. • .. -~ .... -A ..+.,~~+ -+k-• --ra-na --a~~- +h•~• nn a +AMnftP&~v ha•i• ~ .. v ........... I""V ---- A'lllill'tliil ...... ...- ·--·'"" - - ·-r----~ ----- froa tiae to tiae. 

On 8/28/61, a State of Tennessee General Welfare 

Charter waa issued to BRIC, !Do. The incorporators listed 

on the charter are: ,/: 

J. i 

·~ 

'1 -

Dr. SCO'IT BATES 

IIYLBS BORTOII 

Kr. EUGENE UYDD 

Miss VERA McCAIIPBBLL 

('(' t/-lr-15 

Bureau 

Jtnaxville 

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~~ [ 1 ~ ~lo . :. , . REC-6,. 

:-_ "-,{!' ?v1if!')"- ( ~ . . . .. . - ... .> 

i 

10 AUG 15 1963 ; /.---

-- _ ( ,_ J AlLIN FORM~ liON CONTAINED 

~, 6 OCT 10 ]963 HEREIN IS Ua~CLASSIFIED ~ 

DATE Jlsl84 BY LW~ ~<fQ; 

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4-750 (2,-7-781 ( c 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statementa, where 

indicated, explain this dewtion. 

~Deleted .under exemption(s) .J: 7 C ', ,/,- 7};) 

material available for release to you. 7 

with no segregable 

0 lnfmmation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). ____________ _ 

\'{.'(\\ 

XX\:~•:'\_.~\: 

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pagc(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

as the information originated with them. You will 

'>'' advbed of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

f'age(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

T Oi .Your infonnation: 

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)[X 61-12 

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OD 6/11/54, the Bureau instructed Knoxville to .ake 

no contacts whatsoever at Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, and that no discussion, pro or con, should be .ade 

with any individual regarding this school. 

These instructions were issued following complaints against Bureau Agents by MYLES BORTON. These instructions have 

been assumed to apply to the ~ghlander Res~arch and Bducat~po 

Center, since it appears to be merely a continuation of High- lander Folk School under a lllightly different ·naae~--- - ------ -------- -- ··----~ .. -·~--.--- .... -...... ·--------·---- ---·-· 

Por the ~~reau'e in!or.mat!on, BP~ is an extreme!J ~ontroversial subject in this area and has been the subject of numerous articles in one local newspaper (The Knoxville 

Journal) purporting to show connections between Communlsa 

and BRie and between BRBC and the Presbyterian Youth Center 

at the University of Tennessee, The Knoxville Office frequently receives inquiries from persons in various walks of 

life requesting inforaation re BBBC and wanting to know if 

the Bureau is conducting an investigation of this institution. 

In ltne with Bureau instructions issued 6/11/54, the Knoxville 

Office .akes no comaent whatsoever concerning BRBC, 

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In the absence of specific Bureau iDstructiona, ~ozv1~~e wiii coDtiDue to ca.piy with Bureau iDstructiona 

issued 6/ll/54 aDd will Dot conduct any iDveatigatiOD whatsoever or attempt to develop aDy sources to furDish iDforaation regardiDg llghlander Research and BducatiOD Center • 

-7-

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4-750 <2-7-79) ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted -under exemption(s) -~ ___ ?:__V ______________ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

D lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

n lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies). -------------

----------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

_____________ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

bt! advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

0 ·For your information: 

~he following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

,; """'_J._ 1-__ -'7 

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ct;'" II -~ ~ __________________________ _ 

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!l...r= J # Edgar Hooem• 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

Ut"DCill IC' 11111'\1 ·'""'~,,...,. 

nLI\[.111 l.l UvUI:>.)Itlt.U. 

DATE .3 ~ 'iN- BY Sl?ft oo ~S~.s. 

Federal Bureau of InYeetigation 

Washington D. c. 

Dear Sirz 

Many things are bothering 1181 and eo I 811 caning to you with a 

few or them, hoping for e~ help. 

(a) Why can1 t something be done to oust Dean Rusk and a ffttf 

other REDS frail our State Department! Ditto MacNamara. ~ • 

What is be doing for the defense or the u.s.A? Surely 'f rn 

(b) 

(c) 

:~5':~:;. COUT~t ~b:!B:! ::~8 O~~:~~~Cj-~ -- Activities? Why are ve elov~ wasting aay under this 

Co~~st subversion??? Can ve recover in time? 

' . 

Why cannot Earl Warren be impeached? He votes in favor, r'i of the Reds - and now the cover-up of the testimcm;r 

of Oswald' e vidov 0 The .American people who pa;y taxes 

sre entitled to the truth. 

I enclose photocop,y of a letter I received from TIME. 

Will you please a~e whether the u.s. Government did actua~ clear th ehlender Folk School ot being a 

Coi!IIIIUllist organization? I understand tlie school vas 

closed, but re-opened elsewhere. ~ 33 

::'l.ank you for writing •• 

Republican party. 

I 811 a hard worker in the CONSERVATIVE 

I I I J - "'01' ~ I- I I __;_ r;t_,t "" 
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JIOt 1oaa -ao 1oM Oearcl& 0"-d•eioD Oil ._.U.. · 

•t.riect 'to c1rcalate & pbot.ogapa ot D"o J1aa tabD d 

25th arud:tenU7 oelebrat101l ot tbe r ~~- 'the e~•101l labeled th1ll •chool t. • ee"' 

tara olaare4 both 

elfot-~ 

t!oD. ot ~t ~ the • 

n.Dl" 1lh1ch bu 'beeD reapOil.S.bla ~Ol' the ..,._ . 

rict101l Sa the ld.ll4a ot •- »eO.Ple that l1q 1a a ea.- . ~t. '1'DII a.ea .. e4 t:beee McueatiOile Wief'q 1a CIUI" 

.~ 19 .. 1963 s.-·j· ~: ~,.:--.~· .,~----~~·:..:·- . ,_1" }.:.:~. - ~ .. :: . 
,_ :l -t·'~ v 

~%. - I c·· ''· . • ,.ount w, -~Plf 

Sp·t.~ aks H~~re , : 

' 

.-•. 

A r <t ·-·00: c-r•JWC t1f 0\'Cr 20· h 1.r·l Karl Pruss ion, 

C'"VJnt~l ·,,.y (Or )2 .)'ei.r'"'; for t1 ~ 1 , ~;, f •• r.!Jtline the 

c -~epi~ ,, -rogtess ,., C0l.J!l\W\i3t i ft nu::rict· last Wed-

~l'!day, . ·nlng at u~e WIIJ•:'OMlo. k '-'i 

F•l·~ !lomes a;:ld: d,.v.-s pun· ·u. le\.1 Mr. Pr.usston'a 

h'~&!'J-hi •.•,.g~-A\Idresn. An alarmir {I' ctJreof\:ommunlst 

.&.r1Utra:.lvn/ln \pe nelda ~f ed_uca toL and labt-r was ;re~. 

~~~. . . ·. 

:• Mr. Prusslaa P"' special attention It the civil 

rl:;hls ,.,oJcment. 011 thla oub)ect he dlstrlbotcdthefolloWtng r.ifidaYII: . . . . • 

"I 1< ul Pruaalon, a "former counterspy for the Fed-

. eral Bureau of lllveotlptlon from 1947to1960,do ben- . by awear Ullder oath &lid uider penall)o of perjury. that 

· tram tbe ;reua 1954 throuch 19581 attend~ fl"f8 counl)o 

-'\tee meetlnp of the Communist PutJ of Banta • Clara Coual)', California. (A county commltlee meetlnc 

. of tbe Ccmmlllllst PutJ consists of 0118 delepte repnI •'• '·"-

:< .:,: r:~· 

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~ ~:Nr, , ~ ~· ~Jf""J' . l· . --"~ ~tf~~l ' . -, .................. ~ 

.. );: )::z:/~A;ks f6r Joint Con1mitt;;.- HU. a. 

,. ;.,~. ;:;~- ·Ji'o Review CIA Activities . , r .. ~·':.j..' .-.- 'li;~. "~~,, Rep. Clement J. Zablocki (Dem.-Wls.) told Congress . ·~ '· · · ·· 'h · ·· recently that he has ask~ the House rules c·>mmlltee for 

.(,.J . ~r'· ,).r~·": ·. early bearings on his bill creating ajotnt \.:Ongresslonal 

·_-·~ ; 'j · .~-~ · com-=ntttee on central Intelligence. 

"'\ . ~, / SJl6aklng on the floor of t~ House, Zablocki said 

· ~~~~- leglalation giving Congress a continuous review of U.S. ' · if" Intelligence activities is long overdue. He has had a blil 

.i · _ .- · -~ .. " ~ ..... ~ on the subJect in Congress sine~ 1953. · _.......... ,-.···~.--;-· Tbe Congressman, aecond raDktng m~mber of tbe 

~ 

House foreign affairs committee, said tile recent press 

conference beld by the Central Intelligence Apncy to 

comment on the Soviet ecom;,my represented "a severe 

· 1 :, l departure from paat CIA practices." · · 

"Unfortunately. Concress cannot know tbe clrcumotancea surroundlnc tbls apparent policy shift nor assess 

KARL PRUSSION COUNTERSPY FOR 12 years for the wbether It Ia In the nallonaiiDterest." Zablocki sa)~ F.B.I. was Interviewed by Metro reporter currydurlnc "II Ia my contention, ilo...,ver, that the lntelllpo 

. < 

' 

• 8eatiac each Communlat cell in the county.)Tbe.meetlap were beld durlnc tbe afore mentl0118d period In tbe 

Prusolon'a recent visit to Milwaukee. Mr. Prusalon activities carried on by the United States an not exapoke to a voup of over 200 on the creeplnc menace clualvely a function of the executive branch of our aovof communist& 111 Am$ rica. . .: - ernment. Congress too must be loform~ on lntelllpnce ··-. : .. matters." ·. ·. · ·· ·. Tbe Mll-utaie ccingreaamu pointed out that cur-

.: fol1owlnc locations: Tbe realdeoce ot Robert U-y. • . • 

. eommunlat.msan Jose, callfornta.uu:thenaldence Sovlef PriSOner . : ·1"811tl)' three separate concresalonal committees DOW" 

of Maey Field, Commlllllat aect1011 orpnlzer. Palo Alto, · ··' llsndle lllteUipoce activities &lid appropriations • 

• '· "Tbe reawt of the present ayatem Ia all too often a. 

1955: the naldeoce or laobel &lid EdWin · 

_. .eommunlets,MeruoPark.caufornla.195&: Tells Experl·ence :· .~ pi-meal; h!t-&lld-run examination of the policies &lid 

· activities of the CIA and other U.s. lntelllpnce-pther- IJ.e realdence of Gertrude Adler. Communist, Palo Alto. . Inc all"ncles," Zablocki conle~. 

~omla, 1957; the residence of Karl Pruaalon.coun- · • 

ierapy for the F. B. 1., Loa Altos. California. 1958: lbit A Jesuit mlaalonaey, Father Walier Clezek, wbo 

ldeilce of"fofY..O Wblte, Coinmunlst. Mountaiii-VIew," wu released last October from the Soviet Union after 

rnla, 1959. . . . . . . · 21 ;rears of delentlon, will i;:cture at Marquette Unl• 

, I bereiiJ furtberiOiemnly•latethntateach&lld ewery venlty Tuesday. April 28, on his experience In Russia. 

~"'as aet forth above, 0118 Ed Beck. Communist. Father Clezek taoneofntne.speakerswhoare scbed- l~ Ia ~ntly aecretary of tbe National Association u1ed to apeak on tbe aubject of "Religion Under comfor the Mvaocement of Colored People of San Mateo munlam•• In a serlea of evenlnc lectures to begin Feb. 

Collllty, California, &lid a member of the concnas on 18. . ' . Raolal Equalll)o (CORE), presented the directive fi"OIIl Under tbe aponaoraillp of the Marquette contlnulnc 

tbe dlltrlct office of the Communlat Party In San Fran- education division, the lectures Will be concer~ with 

ai&Co to tbe effect that: · · : · · the CODfllct of religion &lid Communism and the pro-

'' AU communlste M>rklnc Within the frameM>rk of" blem of coextalence &lid liquidation of churches. 

tbe N.A.A.C.P. are Instructed to work for a cilanp of Other noted authorities who will speak are: Father 

.the puslwe altitude of the N.A.A.C.P. Into an orpnt- Georp A. Maloney. S. J., Fordilam University Russian 

r.allon !o;· the acble"f8ment of communist objectlvea." · Center: Walter Dushnyck, editor of the Ukrantan Qusr-

. . I further a""ar &lid attest that at eacb &lid everjo terly. Bulletin &lid Weekly publlcations, and Monslpor 

one of tbe afore mentioned meetings, one Reverend Bela Val'la. former president of the Huncarlan parlla-

. M&I'Jln Lutber Kine wu always set forth u tbe llldl· ment. 

Ylduat to whom Communlats abould look and rally around Joseph L. Luchten. Anti-Defamation Leap oCB'nal 

111. the Communlat atruale on the many raclallaauea. B'rlth: Stefan Oausky, member of the Free Czechli-

. 1 berebf also atatethatMartlnLutberKinchaaeltber slovakia Committee: A...,stln Popa. Romanian delegate 

.· ... n a member of. or wltttnciJ baa accepted support tb the Captive European Nations Aaaembly: Nlklos Veto, 

~·from. O"I'Br 60 Communlat fronts. Individuals. and/or Marquette philosophy Instructor wholaanatlveofBuda-

.. • orpnlaatlona, whlcb lift aid to or .espouse COIIUDWlil~ .. • peot &lid Roman R. Smai-Stockl.. . . 

. :. a-•· (Notary Seal) (algnec( Karl Pruaalon) · •·; · Lecture• Will be at 7:15 p; m. en Tueedaya. In CarFREE NAPKINS 

and 

Car Wedding Sign 

With This Ad 

ADVANCE. 

~n~ ., 

PRESS . . . . " 

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:·. Pruaaton, who belonged to the Communlat ll&rtr U penler Hall, 617 N. 13th at. Advance reslstratlon for 

'r u. loformer. aald that Martin Luther Kine wu Dot a the aeries Will be beld Ill tbe Marquettecontinul"t::":~~ IJ': · · · O r~=!~t-:·~~~~ ~r~csn,~:~·~.:---te~~~· ~~:na':.': •. '11 ~Upenter ~·11, ou.lce ilotl'~:~2~.w •.. Hampton ·, HO 3~780 I 

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February 17, 1984 · . . .. . ... -~Ia-.~ ... ~----Y:~. 

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Mr. Hoover read Jour letter of Febru&I'J loth and 

the encloauru, . . .• -~· . ~- } ~-..· f'. -·: ,' .... 

. ~ .....,1 

· Be asked me to advtae JOU that the FBI Ia 1trlctly q Gl 

investigative agency of the Federal Government and neither m~lfi' !:::: 

evaluations nor draws conclusions u to the character or lntegrftjl: 

of any organization, publlcaUon or Individual. 'l'b1l Bureau doll' ~ .., 

not lasue clearance•, and 1n view of the foregoing, he trustB J9Jlf :i = 

will understand why he cannot comment as you have Buggested. ,. ~ 0 • -. Ct Cl"") 

· S!Dcerely yourB, ALL INFORMATION CONTAINE 

. ::.. · H.EREIN IS UNCLAs:;~!at .. F£8 271964 '.: '·"~::.~, Belen w.· Gandy DATE 3l.fi'iN B •H . 

COMM-FBI ·' · . · ·· , ..< SecretarJ , ; H ·. . - . · . . . 

NOTE: Correspondent is'r.bOt identifiable 1n BufUes. The Highlander Folk 

School has been the subje~t of numerous allegations of being a communist 

school a.11d the he,.ttquartrs of eommunl!!m !n Eastern Tenne~see due 

prlmarUy to its racial character. These allegations have nat'·been sul)stant 

and this Bureau has not lnvestlga,ted this or~anizatlon. "fe''Ji/:e cognizant, 

however, Of"the numerous~ommunlst iffiliatons of per,ro~e~ affjl,lated with 

organization. In view of the tenorf of correspondeQt's"-lett~ tUs felt that 

""~does not warrant a reply from the Director ~d lbat tlle_9bQve letter ovt 

~:::, Miss Gandy's signature is in order. Her enclosure consisls of jlletter she 

~~:~.. ..sp (3) . . .'. , . .w • . - JM. CONTINUEp NEXT PAGE. '""""'""' ~ .. L A r.. j / - ,. - ,.! I .,. : . . • ...... ' . . \ 

'~C- ~'P('(t ~· ... ri&' . . 

Cor.rad 

1'"'1.-oocl! --· Evane __ _ 

G::d•---

Sullivan 

Tavel 

Rosen~== 

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received from the publication "Time" In which it 1s stated that the U. B. 

Government Investigators cleared both the founder of the BJghlander Folk 

School and the school itself of accusations of commUDist activities. The · 

FBI 1s not mentioned In this communication. The other enclosure waa a 

copy of a newspeper clipping of an address made by Karl Prusslab. 

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~-· ' '·L 

'· ... ,._ ,-_.,_ ·~· 

:•:• :. 

<" -~ •' . 
• May 6,1964 

• .. 

Dear Director Hoover: 

Sir, I would like to have from ;you if I aay, uy 

printed statements you might have on hand, 1n concern with th• 

0 Closing of The Highlander Folk School In Tenn. This school was It 

disclosed, trained pro-Communist people of the Civil Rights aovement 

in this country. Also I . would like to han a printed (or other type of) 

coppy of the statement that you made In connection with t~ Communist 

infiltration into the Civil Rights organizations~ 

Sir, I have always suspected that the Civil Rights people 

were a bit left-leaning so to speak~ Any varification of the above 

would be apprecated. 

I remain sincerely your81 

~ j\__ 

to/- ~1s-11 -:1-\ I ---

a MAY 15 \964 

ror·.n - -

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( ; 

' I • c, ;v T; 

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(:' - t! .. 

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- i. . . ··§ .~-'-..._ •. 

Your letter of May tlth bas been receiYed. 

With respect to your inquiry, information contalued 

in the files of the FBI must be maintained as confidential in accordance 

with the replatloDs of the Department of Justice and ls available for 

official use only. Therefore, I trust yoa will understand why I am 

DOt in a position to comment along the lines you bave suggested. ~ ~ 0 

With regard to my statement made in connection -,, ~ ...... 

with communist infiltration into civil rights groups, I am enclosln&:o :; "-

a copy of my testimony before the Bouse Subcommittee on Appropr~a~IBls,'C; 

on .January 29, 19M. On pages 40 and 41 you w11l note data beariuk ~ ~ 

on the topic of your interest. I am also sending you other material ~ c:i 

which I trust w11l be of assistance to yoa. . · · . . ... x --= 

MAIL.fl) 20 

ii1;;Y 14 1964 

Sincerely yours, 

J. Edgar Jt6aiif 

John Edgar Hoover 

Director 

""· .. 

.. ~\ 

t~~\ 
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• 

UNITED STATES I -c: !NT 

Memora .. 

TO 

-SUBJECT: 

DIRECTOR, FBI 

SAC, KNOXVILLE (10~-3506) 

I 

~AS~I~T~ '~OMMITTEE FOR 

HIG LJW.K sCHOOl. 

IS - C 

(00: WFO) 

G .. 

DATE: 7/7/64 

(RUC) 

Re WFO let to Knoxville dated 6/l/64. 

be active in the Wa~gton, D. 

area. Knoxville was requested to advise if th~ighlander 

Folk School is of current investigative interest, and, if so, 

furnish WF'O with a current characterization. 

As the Bureau is aware, and for the information of 

WFO, on 6/11/54 the Bureau instructed Knoxville to make no 

contacts whatsoever at Highlander _Folk School (HFS), Monteagle, 

Tennessee, and that no discu8sions-pro'~r con should be made 

with any individual concerning this school. H~~~pder Research 

and Edncetieft Ge~r ( C), Knoxville, is the successor to - _ theHFS, whose -assets w e auctioned by the State-o:l'"¥eimessee 

under··-a court deere& a _r the school was convicted of violating 

Tennessee laws. MYLE~ ORTON, former_Director of HFS, is 

currently Directo.r of-- • 7 e ry r/, 

The above Bureau instructions were issued as a result fl of allega~ions against Bureau Agents following interview with 

I l 

HORTON. In view of these instructions, no sources whatever have 

been developed at HFS or the HREC and, consequently, in View 

of Bureau instru~tions, no investigation has been or is being 

, conducted concerning the organization. All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

f" fll II II A.- .. AA.A 

00 JLULa~ lHb'l 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE a/~\$1 BY~~F<Y . (}l.fr~ 

Research & Education Center 

(; ____ 1- '/:-~ 1/ -',;19:LJUL 9 1964 1 
4-750 (2-7-79) c ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

_j_ Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

/ndicated, explain this deletion.~ 

One or more of the following statements, where 

rj Deleted under exemption(s) _-{f= __ 7!___:L.,/=-------------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

c:J lnfomwtion pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

[] Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) •-------------

----------------~ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

\~·~>,:-:_-, x-" \"'-.: .,_---. 

Pagds) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

____________ as the information originated with them. You will 

"'" adv,;eci of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Pag<,(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

'Fm your infonnation: 

Thj followi~ number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

0/-- '15/!-.:Lq 3 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<S> X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
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I -n Q. )' -P. :· .. '-.. ·.·. t ---~ .,._~_;, . 

e- -~~---

7/31/6<1 • 

Via AIRTEL 

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1 

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.· I 

:::~~'1'0~~~------------------------o~~,~ 

: DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) lr~ 

FRO II 

RE 

. . SAC, SAVANNAH (100-5125) . 

'ii?GHLANDER EDucATION AND REsEARCH cRJm!i 

INFORMATION CONCERNING · 

Re Sav~•ah airte1 to Bureau, 7/27/64. 

~closed are origi•al ~d ' four copies of LBII, 

suitable for dissemi•atio•, re captio•ed matter. 

1 :.. _ • - _ t • •.• ' • 1. : 1 :;.'"""• ;1 

Iaformatio• copy of i•sta.t airtel and LBII to 

Charlotte, i• view of tbir i•terest i• this matter. 

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• 

" >~i~,:-;~; ~~ -. !; • ' 

. ' 

~?i';,:_;;: 

r .. ~~ep~,., ,_&for .. File No. 

( c (~ UNITED STATES DEPART'MENT OF JUSTICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIO~ . 

Savu.aah, Georgia CON NTIAL :._. .,.;_ July 31, 1964 •? 

-~·~~~:.-:.,~;;i~~ ". ·;_-··· .. , .:_,<: . >':;_,., _~,~:: __ :·f<~ :~-- ... r --•ISOD • HIGHLANDER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTBil '<' • .-'c~ ''.::· , • . ·. ~,.,_,_ 

~~il ........ ,. • •. 

th ~a Isl~.c! ~!"Egr~~sive Club Ceater, Ri_ ·e~: .. ~~~-:J.~~'~ Isl d-;-s<>uth Caroliaa-;--rrom~ury-'6,~64, ·t , 

1964.- The secoD.d workshop begias July 20, ~964, ud eads .. August 1, 1964. The purpose of this project is to put iato· 

practice what. those atteRdiag leara ia workiag with 

politically coascious Negro aad white leadership ia 

Charlestoa and theJ.e~uadiag_ sea 'is~aads.; ·• ': : 

The staff of -th~ea :island .Pr~~.ssive Club 

CeR_!;er N~ composed of Esau.' eaki.s, who is the- directorT 

aRd Gu.~arawaa, who is th music director. 

' 

' -. ·•. ).·-~ .#'·_' .. -:~.. ; - ,._ ;:·_ .. ~.~ .·-; •• -.. - ~-~~ - .·_;~-l ··--··->:."'1--,~;;,-+-;..;:.~::~:~:~~; ,_--

This document coataias aeither recommendatioas aor · • · · coaclusioas of the FBI. It is the property of the 

FBI and is loaned to your ageacy; it aad its coD.teats 

are aot to be distributed outside your ageacy. 

\. I \ I '-"'-

~~~~ #:~· I 'coN)¥ENTIAL 

f~~)i§;?e:{;~~~}:!¥~·Jf~E~.~~~f¥;~i.1~:~~!.~~-w%~;~J3fJt€~\fria?~~~t®?\r~;;~].~1{~~ ;~,~~-a .. &S+F<t .. ·.· ~- . -.~-; .-
•'::. ,· 

:~_·:~:;:·:\:~~ 

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.. -.... 

FD-323 (Rn·. 11-29-61) 

In Rq!y, Plouo Ill/• ID 

FiloNo. 

) A .. 

UN}i~D STATES DEPARTMENT OF ~STICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Sav&llaah, Georgia July 31, 196 

title 

Character 

HIGHLANDER EDUCATION AHD 

RESEARCH CENTER 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

:Reference SavaDnah memorandum dated 

July 3~, 1964, captioaed as 

above. 

All sources (except any listed below) whose identities 

are concealed in referenced communication have f'urnished reliable 

information in the past. 

·. 

ThJa doeum•nt eontcdna n•lth•r r•comm•nda~lon nor concluaJon• of the FBI. It Je the property 

of the FBI and 1• loaned .to your DQ"eney; Jt an t• content a are not to be dJatrlbuted outalde 

yo., ~·ncy .. • . .C9NF ENTIAl• . 

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-~~---·-- .... 

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"" or'T'IONAL -I'OIItM NO· 10 - ----

I 

\ 

TO 

SUBJECT: 

MAY IIIZ KDITION & ..... • .,.. -·· MD. 17 ~ 

UNITED STATES GO '"' NMENT ' 

Memorandum 

Director, FBI (61-~5 ~~~ 

- . CO . O~TIAL 

SAC, Knoxville (61- 2)(RUC) 

Q_HIGHLANDER EDUCATION~ RESEARCH CJWTRR 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

·-..... 

/ 

Re Savannah air~el 7/24/ " 

11 

v 

DATE: 

--

8/28/64 

• ('!A.--M·V 

No information has com , o tl:ie att-;ntion of the 

Knoxville Office concerning MY RTON or the Highlander Education and Research Centar-c ducl::-g-a South-wide Voter 

Education Internship Project at th Island Progressive 

Club Center, St. Johns Isl~~· s •• ----------

• 

• 

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REC.. 47. t/- 7£1/ _. ~95 

----- ---- . 2 - Bureau (IUl) 

1 --v (100-5125)(RU) 1- ~fo)(RK) 

1- e 

21 AUG 31 1964 

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• 

F"D-36 (R••· 12-U-SB) 

• '0 

0/ FB~ 

Date; 

0 ~' . i ~ =-j.· _ O .. ,. :"_~· -· .. _j·:r __ _. 

8/19/64 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Transmit the followinll in --------=-.,.--.-:--:---:---.-:---------11 (Typo Ia plain ,.,., or cotlo) 

t ' -· Via ________________ AIR TEL __ I 

--------.,(Pft"n";"·o-ri"'ly_o_r""II""•-:;•Tw,-;d-of7 11"'ail-; .,U.,=)-----4J · ' .;:., 

AIIWAIL 

-------~----------------------------------------~------ r ~ TO • c:.~ 

SAC, SAVANNAH (100-5125) ..... ~. ! 

DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

FROM 

RE 4IGJU..ANDER EDUCATIO:tLAND RESEARC_H i:t~Eifl INFOIWATION CONCERNING _,' 1 p;; ~ C.• 

--- Re Savannah airtel to Bu~eau, 7/31/6~. ~ 

Attached hereto are two copies of aewspaper 

clipping appearing ia the "NEWS AND COURIER,"Charlestoa, 

S. C., aewspaper, 8/17/64, eatitled "Advaacemeat is Goal 

Of Progressive Club." - ~ 

.. _ _. 

~\-' '\' 

~ ~ It is aoted that, aear the ead of the articlti, a-CSpo~esmaa at the meeti is reported to have referred to,; t~e FBir-as the "Future ·of ID.vestigatioa. "·-' ~ ~ 

-4, 

'\) 

v :.~ 

--lc 

,v "\ @ Bureau (Encl~. \v 1- Savaaaah 

.ehr 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIE~~ iiATE~BY SPX'K'> 

d- <+- .. 

. ' ' ... -.\ i . .' 
Ft>3SO (Rev. '&18-6)) . ~ 0 

u 

(MoUftt 

• 

B • 

Advancement Is • • 

~alef 1 Progressive Club 

!EDITOR'S NOTE: Tbla II ~-] the first In a aeries of articles 

on tb< bac'lgtoUHcf and actlvl· 

ties of the John's Island Progressive Club, Its leaders and 

me.m.Den.) 

By CHARLES L. DIBBLE 

Aside from the dearth of bustle-bustle, John's Island bas ~cb in COI!llllOD with historic 

Cbatie...ton. Surrounded by Low. , country waterways, the island- I 

ilftb lar_gest oq the Atlantic .... j ooard-IS a kaleidoscope of an. 

c1ent trees, Spanish mois, and ' 

Gullah-speaking Negroes. 

It is with the latter-the dark· 

skmned peoples of the Islandthat Esau Jenkins bas concerned 

himself over the years. 

1n lm. ~~ Negro leader I 

~h~ together el&bt or 10 ofl .,_~ghbors and formed the • • .,0.' ei!Sive Club, aimed at the 

political and economic advancement ol the John's Island Nell'O . COllllllllnlq, . . . . 

In recent years the efforts of .] 

ththee limi~lu.b b:ive ':i!ll1!hed beyond I 

Is of Bohicket Creel: and j 

-~-~----. --- the S~o River. The upansion is due, Urittt g€ 'Wieasure to the 

efforts of Highlander' Folk 

School and its successor R;«h. 

~der Research and Ed~c"atio~ 

Center of Knoxville, Tenn. 

The Progressive . Club baa 

'¢nsored many extra John's 1&-

• land activities, the most receet · ·being two;<>utbem Voter Educa-

. . ' 

j··=i~~~iJ= er, the bi-racial worllsbops -.-. attended by Southern liegroe. for the most part. 

• Eacb of the projects consDied · 

of a week-long workshop aessioD 

followed by a week's "inlerllship" duriDg wblcb time t be 

participants Uved 1D Charleston 

(lodlcate paqe, name of 

newapaper, elty cmct •tate.) 

Page 1 and 2A 

The News add Cour1 

-CJ::arlest on, SC. 

Dato• B-17-64 

Ed1ttoo' Morning 

Author: ThomaS R. 

Ed.itor: Editor 

Cbaract•r: 

or 

ClaaalflcaUOD: 

War: 

Submlttlnv Office: Savanna 

0 BelnQ' ln•eaUqated 
• 

f 

I 

i ' 

.·.~ 

~:":~·-

~,;~~ 

And what, specifically"" ~• tb'i' djscn•? 

The largest turnout during the 

two workshops appeared at the 

opening session on Juiy 6. About 

100 people-including rome U 

white people - were ))reSenl 

Thirty-six of these were · regi&-

CSee GOAL, Page Z.A) 

0 • 

Continued From Page 1-A school.dropouts and text boob aide to the Rev. F, Perry M-. 

as to demonstrate. It Is Jmpor- minister at Olivet Presbyterian tered at tl!e work$~ while the tant that we start now to get Church, . a Negro Chl!n:h 

... 

nthers were area residents. our young people In school and on Beau£aln gtre•t. - Scheduled to speak on "Basic to make them atay there.. ' Sturtevant bas assisted In the, 

rssues In the C'Ur!'eni Revoiu- "The proletariat and bour· voter registration drive in· 

tlon" was Randolph Blackwell, geoisie overthrew the aristoc- Charleston and, ln addition, has 

an Atlanta attorney_ associated racy. Then the bourgeoisis as- served as a tutor to a group with Southern Christian Leader· sumed the customs of the ar1s- of Negro eighth-graders. 

ship Conference CSC!pl. But tocracy," the IOcial science Lead" the singing during 

Blackwell cance~ his appear· professor ald. ''We must !M' the ~ workshop was Guy 

ance at the last mmute. careful that-when we are vtc· carawan a collector and lfnK· - Filling In for b1m was Mil· toriCills In our revolution - we er of folk songs, who lives on 

t.on s. Hurst, director of the do not assume the customs of John's Island with his wile and 

workshoJ?. Hurst, ~clo!' of ~ enemy. . t , their tw<>-year;('ld 1011. 

50Cial se1ences and actmg direc· God Is on our I!Ge, be Two white college students 

~;g;-&,~~i~. ~~~io~~~~nT~:: :a:~~~~~ ~·w.~eur:;~ ~.,:d~ t;~ke~t.JH.. E~ ~egree from Talladega . and . an f\evolution lh!'t we're on G~ .~ Roger Phoenix .:ho said he was 

M.B.A. from Atlanta UruverSlty. Side In ?JTYI1I8 out dayhis ~~~ "more or less from New York." 

The eloquent young Negro Attending the Mon b has been 

!old his audience: "The 'CUr· session and eeveral otbers dur· ~ss ~en. w 0 will 

rent P\Evo1utior.' ls not a Ne- i.'lg t.l!e wee~ was Luther St;urte.. ~ :ltb. dthe ~;:'~e 

p-o problem; It Is an Amer· V8J:!t, a. white stud~t at Drew!. Ph Y .al,roa ::;'return io Anti- lean problem " UruverSlty's theological scboo oerux ans arts 

Stressing a iheme of responsJ. The young Methodist, a grad· ocft Co ege, • libe!'&J hi 

bllity be told the group· "It's uate of Lewis and Clark Col- school in Yellow Sp~s, 0 o. 

just as Important for us. to re- lege ln Portland, Ore., ls BeTV· Introduced ~~ ~ direct Wh =ne-iiies toward .,ing this summer u ~·~ CORE wor , en 

.. 
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. :'S::·_:,._/.f:r-·-·:.-

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• . . • 

been working with Esau Jenk· 

Ins this summer. 

The thl!lue ur '!he "Current 

Revolution" was carried forward the next daY-Tuesdav- , 

I by Dr .. W. C. Beck of Florence : 

'who dJscussed "Basic Issues 

In the Current Local Revolution," during the morning. 

.Afternoon brought Fred Hen· 

derson Moore, a Charleston 

Negro attorney, who spoke on 

"The Role of the President's 

Commission of Equal Employment." A general discussion ofl' 

problems of equal employment followed. · 

"The Church and Human Relations" received the group's 

.... -'"'l" Wednesday morning. I Speaking were the Rev. F. 0. 

I

' Pharr, past president of the 

Charleston NAACP, and C. ConI

' rad Browne. 

Browne, associate director o 

:Highlander, attended the first 

I v.orkshop for three days with 

h.; w1fe Ora and three of their 

I

. uu,aren. He returned briefly at th~ end of the second session ~" pi,~- t_:;:o Hirh!ander equipl

ment. 

Af+er a talk Wednesday aft- ... , :.rh)ll by Jenkins on "Is the ! ~"o"d Step-Political Educa1 ti·"'~!"'·--lrr:iJQrtant?'', the group of 

1 •· oc,ut .!;) gathered at the Cara- , -. r. ·. hou.se for a cook-out and I-··~·, ~~ali·"Al. While the younga I sttr; played badminton and vo!- . l- ·; ::all And tM ol.dP:r nnP:~~:~. 

I~ a•ched. Browne, -w-hO qp;e 1 

"''"'~'d t!Je Unlvenity of Cbi1 

rago divinity school, l'l!lated 

hie e<periences prior to jolniJJc 

I the Highlander staff. . From 1949 to 1963 be lived . 

' ' . G :'· .. ·' -·~·:-~~r~::.1!:. a., on 11- , ~ I acre Koinonia Fa!'Dlll-« bll raciai. religiously-oriented com-

'.',,,.-, io·:r.. Vividly be recount-

! .~ri tr"' "t_ecrnr tactics used 

. "'a'"'' us by the people of the I-·~..,. ! vul•Ued jn the early 

1 'J!ls, t'Je farm was quietly ac1 cepted for more than a decade , t.·· t.he people of southwestern l G~urgia's Sumter County. 

oJ ··-·-~--

... ' . 

ch:Th=.tS~~~~~t = :::r:;~_-·;.:.~~ ~"~~~Jed t 

pl• t;u 'lk• *''"' had to do . of the Wbira ur D1rectora of 1Cboo1L ··• . . something." Trouble foUowed,' IHighl•ndl!n, was followed IIIII Qw-leltllll'aliiinrY wu a 

thel'l! 

And In 

carne 

a 

legal 

ldx-month 

reprisals, period dy-

' 

Russell 

the program 

Brown, president 

by attorney of the visited 

returned 

before 

to the 

the ~ 

namitings, shotgun blasts, a Charleston NAACP, who spoke Club Center at the of · !Ire, and cross-burnings. Farm on the provlslons and bnpil- week for a dlacnsslon of · 

members were unable to buy or cations or the Civil Rights bilL week's events and bnplerner 

sell goods In Americus because Tbe evening was spent aeet- t1on of the Ideas dlscove· 

of a boycott and had to bring fng an answer to "Wby Negroes during the two-week aeaion. 

In supplies from SO to 75 miles Seem to Care So UUie about (TOMORROW :Tioe leeO' 

~ away. Civic and Political J!esponsl- ,John'l laland worbbop.) 

• Tbe farm eventually was bUities." Speaking were illree-

• closed. tor Hurst 8nd tlie Rev. Mr. 

• Turning to Mlasissippl. the Doul!las of the laotllt Center.l 

• Highlander official spoke with p;lday the crouP of 16 per-' 

~ a ~e of d~palr _about the then sons spent the day at the Jen-' 

; rnissmg ~I vii nghts workers kins' home at Atlantic ·Beach,' , nd Impatiently referred to the 8 Negro resort about 15 miles 

: BI ~s l!'e ~tu,re Bureau, of north of Myrtle Beach. During , vestigation: Its lllwa:rs we the day, aesslons were be1d 1111 

can Cl!me ,In after the cnrne Is "Advantages of Political Macomrmtted but they nev~r d,~ turlty " and "'Nnerleall Ideals ' , anythinjz to prevent a cnrne. and American ll1usioas." Tile • 

: The -e ... ntng program ~ 1 workshop partlclt~~ts returned, 

tered aroun~ the presentation ,IQ John's Island during the eve- . and discuSSion of a film ern· Ding 

• pha~ the need for voter · registration, "Knock 011 Every A aesslon on the accompllah- . Door." , ments of the workshop wu 

Thursday morning H. A. De- - , held Saturday_ morning. Tben 

Costa a Charleston Negro con- I the group split up: during tbe 

tracu;r, and Mrs. Ruby Corn- ' '!eek ~t followed the lnternJ 

well, also of Charleston, treated· lived wrth Charleston Negro, 

"The Role of Higher Education II families. ' 

in Achieving Jobs Freedom , The group regathel'l!d aeveral 

and Citizenship ReSponsibility ,: 1\llrnes, however. Sunday !bey 

Dr. Scott Bates, a professor -~t. , attended a ~ond S!ep-Polit-

!he University of the South In 1 1~ . Ed'!c:'li"!'-W.~~ ~ 

!

sewanee .:J;OAA l .. ontinued the,· ""'~sa" ISto Ro1Sl8Db. O, Mm=rida andDY 

same discussion during the 1 ac rnson. o y 

· -- ~ursday they attended Adult Citizenship SCI166B In North 

Charleston and at Parter•aj 

Ferry. Mrs. Roberta Lecaard 

... - ·-·~·;.· _,. .. :-·;· 
I 

0..1 (Rev. 8-27·63) • 

r;;;;~~rif:m ' 10 ~f(l/{ SAC, ~S~AV.!..!ANAR=!!!----­ (Your f,~il:e ::::==:;:--- DATE:-~8!<./:...,2_..6/i'-'fU"',._ __ _ 

KK!IItl ~Director, FBI(Bufile and ~ri.t ~:JIJ~UlLL-"7t£------- ' 

SUBJECT: ct: 8 t 111 Me ililc 

desttoyG-1 

... _~ . '.• ... · ·,= •. J:. . . 

..,.._::;-.::,~-::::> ·,.;~-

.-e .. ; ... •• 

'.<-~--·;~~<> . '"' ~ . -·. ~.; 

' .. . . · .. CPor soc;,.. 

Ollly) 

Cl L Bufiles indicate this case Is delinquent. Give specific reason for delinquencv. 

02. DATE 

Oainel 

Orepon 

Oletter 

Alli'~P1Rr.1ATIC:· "~"-'TAINED 

0 letterhead m ... o 

D 90-doy progreu letter 0 will be •abmltted -----------

Reporting employee-------------------------

0 3. If valid reason exists for not aubmitting report st this time, state re&SOII apecific.tly and when re 

will be submitted-----------------------------

r:C 9 Ci"- . 

•,.· 

·~ ' 
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OPTIONAL I"OitM NO. 10 ( 

MAY till aornoN 

• ... GEN. MG. NO. 'II r 

UNITED STATES GOrf.NMENT 

f; Memoranaum 

T~ "f1/: DIRECI'OR, FBI (61-75ll)CON DATE: p!l0/14 

FROM .fj<(lc, SAVANNAH (lOo-5125) (C) 

SUBJECT: 

0_ 

BIGHLANDFJt EDUCATION AND RES.EARCB CENTBR. / 

INFORMATION CONCERNING I • • .// 

Re Savanaah airtel to ~~~~u>a/i9fl4; '/ 

letter to Bureau, 8/28/14;~ to Bureau, 9/1/64. 

The Bureau has receatly beea furaished a aeries of 

articles appearia~ ia the"Hewa aad Courier~ Charleatoa, 

8. C., aewspaper, coacerniag captioaed ceater. 

The Kaoxville Diviaioa has adv~sed the Bureau that 

ao informatioa has come to the atteatioa of the Kaoxville 

Divisioa coaceraiag KYLES BORTON or the Bighlaader Educatioa 

aad Research Center coaductiag a South-wide Voter Educatioa 

Iateraship Project at Sea Islaad Progressive Club Ceater, 

Johas Islaad, s. C. 

The Bureau has beea previously advised that ao activ~ 

iavestigatioa is beiag coaducted coacerai~ captioaed orgaaizatioa. • 

t:-.:••n.,ion concerning above will be aade 

Savannah Division. 

Accordingly, the case in the Savannah Division ia 

being placed in a closed status. 

,jf;_ _, Bureau (1C (lUI) (~~fb 1- Savannah 

,. .. ~Oll C'lZIJ~!~~ 

2 '*IS ~U.."'IPUD 

MII&H 

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lllfi:Jll 31110111 

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61 SEP 181964 
. ' . . . 

. . . ' 

• 

. . 

1&.- ~ 

Mr. • I (1z" 

llr. llo 

llr ...... ,.;_ 

llr. Cal!aban 

Mr. Mr. D• Co~-,1 _ 

Mr. Ev' ··- Mr. Gal __ 

Mr. Roo., __ _ 

Mr. Sullinu_ 

Mr. Tav.l __ 

!11r. Tr·•~t"!r __ _ 

Tele. !tr-om. __ 

lfiu Gandy ___ _ 

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TRUE COPY· 

Sept. 9th, 1964 

Bon. J. Edgar Hoover, Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN g r.;,CLASSIFIED DATE c:J - BY 8"'0t~ . d ;; 

I have just finished reading your article "The 

Faith of Our Fathers, " in the current (Sept 11) issue of -

Christianity Today. Please accept My grateful thanks for 

writing it. 

I Know of No Man in this Nation who has Made 

a greater contribution to its Welfare and Security than yourself. 

You have placed our children, our grandchildren, and generations 

yet unborn, deeply in your debt. Yours is a Magnificent record 

of unselfish service. 

There is a bit of information that I would like 

Very Much to have if it Not against the policy of your office 

to furnish it. 

I want to Know something about the Highlander 

.Folk School in Monteagle Tenn. Was this organization lfsioo 

as a Subver-sive organization, and was it a Communist Party 

Front? 

With all good wishes, 

Most Sincerely 
... ~ ... -.... _:,...:.:....;,..,;:._.w..;...~ . ....__.__l .... lr !• ---!lt.,,.. .. .;,· C c:.,"t v ·r tt= ., z m • ? e •• 0 I' 'FE ' t 0 bte"' 0 ..:... ..... ~---- • 

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September 18, liM .· ;i - ·. ·:,''j!: . 

61- . ' ...:;,. ..... " -·· .. 
•• -;. ..... :~1':' .. ':' ·•. ( P:. .. ~- r' 1J . d/.. i?;;;;n~sixrEs mt.~NME1.LL INFORMATION CON'fAINED • ~·· ~ ..... 

Memorandum HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~- ~~:L CATE ') "' ~ BY ~13 r~ p f. .. ·~·:= 1. :Mr. DeLoach( ~-tr£:7-27-64 'dJ-. --= \} loiU--

tJIS T-1 ;:=== 

FROM M .;Jr/1/l ~lATE lG'IIfC 'F.. ~~-";.- _ 

·.-A·/'-r.ntes .... ~ n 1t.n ornezs """:: ~-;;·· -== 

SUBJECT: MAR~ LUTHER KING, JR. . ~f~~t~~1i~hi~ t~ ~ ~ THE 'lfiGHLANDER FOLK SCHQOT.; ' J>AB- r,:,?....,... . 

~REQUEST FROM CONGRESSMAN ROMAN C. PUCINSKI C"i 

(DEMOCRAT- ILLINOIS) • 

BACKGROUND: . ' I 

Congressman Pucinski forwarded a copy of a flyer made from a news 

clipping from the "Augusta Courier," Augusta, Georgia, on 7-8-63. The flyer identifi 

Martin Luther King in a photograph taken of certain individuals attending the Highlande 

I 

:r.~.~J, s~h:c"l during the Labor Day weekend of 1957. The Congressman would like to kn 

if the Highlander Folk School was a communist training school and whether or not the 

'nerson identified in the nhoto~rraoh is Martin Luther Kiruz. Jr. · r------ ----------------- ,..------~- ,.- --- - .... , 

INFORMATION IN BUFILES: 
---~-----~~-

·.-:- . ' . . _, \' 

-~~;.> .. _.:/~; ' _~., 

.-'.•',>.· .... .. . -' . ~' 

~:,;-i·:~::;; 

. . I'J \.!,t- ' 

M. A. Jones to DeLoach memo 

Re: MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. 

• · . •• 

The Highlander Folk School was formed ip 1932 and was a leftist 

organization supported by private donations. It offered courses of instructi011 in 

• 

la or a ization, economics and labor education. Informants have advised that 

e school has had Communist Party members on its staff as instructors and has 

followed the practice of welcoming communists as students. Informants have advised 

the school was pro-communist, but there is no indication it was eyer completelY 

I controlled by communists. The school was closed by the State of ennessee in 

~ecelllber_,_l961, after its conv1c l...DQ. "- . . ~e.Jl~!:~_g~tion aws. :..A__ 

state charterTOr a ,Wgb.lp.nder Beaea rch and..Ed~J;~Uon Center -~LKnoxvill~e!)!lesse• was issued on 8-28-61 and Myles Horton was identified asili"D11-ecror.- -- --- -~·. - ~---..-;;;-...;;;;.;;;;;:..;:.;;,;;;;;;.; 

RECOMMENDATION: 

That a representative of your, Mr. DeLoach, office personally comet 

Congressman Pucinski, with whom we have had prior cordial relations, and inform 

him confid~Dt.i.li.Ui of the background regarding the flyer he enclosed concerning the 

' -

Highl....,r Folk School. :. ; . . , 

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,JtcfMAN c." I'UCINSKI · 

I 1TM 01.-nt~CT, IL.l.INOIIS 

J 0· (j e:ongre~~ of tbe 'ltniteb 6tates f'' ~~~ {'15:.br

Jlou't of ~tpre,mtatibt' ' 

~lngton, a. t:. .. " 

Honorable J. Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

I wonder if you would be good enough to give me 

your department's report of the veracity of the enclosed 

brochure. 

I have seen this material rath~dely distributed and I would like to know if the Highlander Folk 

School was a Communist Training School and Whether or 

no e person identified in the photograph is, indeed, 

Martin Luther King, Jr. 

Since this material is being videly distributed 

in my district, you can appreciation my concern. 

RCP:pk 

-. 

Enclosure 

~-

-. 

.'-· 

Mr. Ct.<!'e

Mr. Cal;&h

)lr. C<>nra

J(r . .iJ<.! ... ac

)lr. Evans

Mi-. Gale .... -

Jir, llcecn

),lr. Sulli\·au 

Mr. Ta\·eL

Mr. 'r'r('la<

Tele. Room

Mis. ll--t::,·

Miss G:o:uly_ 

., 

; 

. ·-

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~;r:cLASSifiED DATE - + BY ,SPo:J3 ~ 7~-)j-}tJO 

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,....os~ · ~-...... JG r J nRo:t 

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.. - . ,·_.- rf:l-36 (R••· 12·13·51) 

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~O""',{V.l~ , , 0 Ac.I~L 7/24/64 . -,t_:~;,.,, 

. ·- : ~~!i~t:-. 

AIRTEL 

TO 

FROM 

. . 

: 

AIR IIAIL 

PBI 

(100-5125) (P) 

Knoxv!§ft!~~n. Aloni with this 

announcement ot au hwide Voter Education Project be held at Johns Island, S. C. 

-r This announcement reflects that the Sea Island Pr?~!'!.D.i v:e ... C!l:!P C~ter, River R_oad, l:o~!ls. I~llind~ ]J;-~c# ... _ will have a l~64~uthwide~oter Education Internship 

sponsored b~igh~a~der_Resear.cb-~~~ucation Center from 

7/6-18/64 and aiain from 1/20-8/1/64. 

, ~ The staff is reflected 

G~.fARAWAN, Music. Director~ .,.,n,.'""""'' 

JUL 27 1964 ' . 
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0. FBI 

.... Date: 

Via _..::A::..:I::::R::..:T:..::EL=------ AIR 

. ---------------------------~or~-.----;---·------- ··· . ,.,,_.,_,,~ ... TO_ : ·~DIRECTOR, I'BI .. ~. 1 ~' ' . ' 1* / 

FROM • • SAC,""lJAVADAI"{l.OO::Sl255 

SUBJECf: t)KIGBLANDER EDUCATION A1m RESDBCJI CENTER 

INFORIIATION CONCERNING 

For the inforaation of the Charlotte Office, a 1964 

Southwide Voter Education internship project sponsored by H1ghlander Research and lduaatio6 Center is beinc held at the ~ea Island Proglessive .. Club Center, Riyer Ro•da Jolnm I§J.&nd, . _ ¢. , from 776 64 through 7n8J64. The seeon 'workiibop begins July 20, 1964 and ends August 1, 1964. The purpose of this pr~ject is to put into practice what those attending learn ia 

working with.politically conscious Negro and white leadership in Charleston and the surrounding sea isluu. • 

,4~)- ;!t' ,l ' 1 Bureaq (RII) •. 

''2 - Charlotte OUI),, ,;., 

2 - Savannah 
4-750 (2-7-791 

I 

( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

?icated, explain this deletion . 

.£ Deleted under exemption(s) ~:::_,c__7,___D-"""-------------- with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

0 infonnation pertained oniy to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following government agency(iesl • ~-----------~ 

~--------------~ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

------· as the information originated with them. You will 

be ad;i,ed of availab1lity upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

: J 'For your inforrnation: 

~;he following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

0L~'1.5':Ll- 3~;;, 1 f · 

A.,.· ··,x.x 

'XXXXx"X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

~ DELETED PAGE(S) X 

j{ NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

,.BIIDOJ 
--~-~- ; .. ··::- :,:_;._~ -,: .·, 

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OI'TtOHAI. f'OWIII HO. 10 

SOI0-10" 

UNITED STATES oo(}~MENT 

Memorandum 

TO 

- . 

. . 

DATE: 

Qljl sM 

. : . :~ 

-· I ,. 

ae sav•nn•h Airtel te aureaa 7/2f/6._. 

aefereuced airtel requested "'"'"'"" 

Savannah aDd no:nille &aJ 1Dforaat1on tle,re-x; 

re1ardiq the above captioned erpD.iaatieD. Co1mt~l.a•1ed 

contact with 1Dforaantll has failed te reflect aQ 

additional iDforaatioD. 1D. thiB re1arc1• 

6D. this 

c£J ,-~~ 

furaiBh &DJ 1Dforaat1en received 

the Savannah and Do:nille Offices. 

"* .~Bureau (U) 2-Savannab (100-5152) ·(u) 

_(U) 

C..-

0t\ SEP ?21964 
4-750 (2.7-79) 

• \ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Poge(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~leted ~nder exemption(s) ~ 7 _..... P with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 

0 lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

D Infoiffiatio.I perlllined only to a thiid paity. Your name is hsted in the title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with the following government agency(ies) 

------------------, was/were forward~d to them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); 

·------------------ as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be od•;iscd of availability upon return of the material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

0 ·For your infonnation: 

XJ\.XXXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx * DELETED PAGE<Sl X 

X NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR TH!S PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

1"81/DO.J 
• 

1-~ 1'8) /'?65 

11t.rl: ,. UF ~ 1 B~ 

1-d~ ~ f . 'lJ bif I f), c_,. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED '\.. 

DATE Z3lslri BY S"'P?nnlCB 

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·, -·· 

TRUE COPY 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Mr. Hoover: 

I· am confused. 

• 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~ \S ~NCLASSIFIED DATE c 'N BY S"t?rw~£8 . J4s;sA recent paid political ad in the ~lder Daily Camera showed a picture 

of Rev. Martin Luther King at th ighlirider Folk School, Monteagle, 

Tennessee in 1957. The ad states that this is a communist school, 

that some communist members were in attendance, that a Karl 

Prussian charges that King is a member of 60 "Communist Front" 

organizations (whatever that is), etc. etc. 

The ad further states that Karl Prussian was an FBI counter-spy for 22 years. - -

These charges, while not specifically calling King a communist, are 

serious. 

Numerous letters to the editor of the Daily Camera have condemned the 1 

article, praised the _article, defended the right to publish it, etc. Few of 

these writers have anv basic facts to 1ro on, I feel. J.. . - . \../ '--

Could you supply me with any information on this Highlander School? Its 

founding, faculty, students, sources of income, etc. What was King's 

participation? Was "Karl Prussian really an FBI member. Does King 

belong to 60 such "front" organizations. oa / __.., ~ . ?fl /1 

..V.,.. 0 ~ '.:_. 1!- .....JJT 

I only want to become an informed citizen, and not have to rely on rumors, 

half-truths; etc. --~!1!! 

·i .,~ / Any information would be greatly appreciated. H MAR .·1· ,-~~~/- Respectfully yours ~ 

, ,:,_ ~-,.-•, (llJ" r)~· · 
' ,. ~.' . . ·,· ... ·_,; . . ··.~/:<~';) 

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,,.~/- 7.511-

.llCFebl'UIU'J 115, 1185 

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Altboagh I would Uke to be of aervlce, lnfc1rmatlclll 

contained In the fUea of tbe FBI must be mamtalnecl u coJlflcllem:lal' 

In accordance wltb regnlatlone of the Department of .Justlce anclla 

available for offlclal use only. ID vlew of tbla, I am eure you wll1 

understand wby I cannot comment coacemlng the subJects of JOur c " 

Inquiry. '• .,, .:. u 

CD.,. "' .t. 

0. 

I would Uke to point out that Karl Prusslon uslsted H ~ ""' en 

this Bureau by furnlshlng Information on nbveralve acUvltlea from ,., ~ 

November, 1949, to July, 1958, during whlch tlme he was compensated. g 

He was not, however, a Speclal Agent of tbe FBL Thla Bureau la DOl z 

In a posltloo to comment In any way whataoa.ver on hll current actlvltlea, 

statements or personal venturea. 

I am enclosing aome Information whlcb I hope you wW 

flnd of Interest. 

Sincerely youra, 

la_~ lloovJao ---·· 

c ; -· ... 
I ::.• _ .. 

• 

( n 

u ,. 

NOTE: Correspondent is not identifiable in BufUes. The Highlander Folk 

School (HFS) has been the subject of numerous allegations that it is a 

communist school and the headquarters of communism in Eastern - - '$• 

Tennessee, due primarily to its racial character. These allegations. · · ·· · 

have not been.~.e~~ed. The Bureau is cognizant of the numerous 

communist affiliations of personnel affiliated with the HFS. The Bureau 

has not investigated this organization (61-7511-266, 267). 

-2-
' ., .. , ~ ~-·: _;-_._:: 

" .. _' :.:- : 

( " 

() 

l.lr. J. Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation 

Pennsylvania Ave. 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear l4r. Hoover; 

ALL INFORMATION CGNTAINID 

HEREIN !S UNCLASSlFIED ~ 

DATE e!ri?L! BY Sio!Y0]jJ\ 01 <1- s-~-,J 

Following are the specific ~uestions for which we need an:S!'fi!'IIS 

1. Was there an act of legislature of the State of Tennessee 

the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, as a sullVE!rs:iy,~ 

2. Lf now what was the action taken by the State of Tennessee N.a-"'tl:>v 

the Highlander Folk School? 

J. What were the specific charges made against the Highlander Folk SchoolJ ~ 

4. On the basis of what charge did Highlander Folk School lose its 

charter? 

S. Were there any communists on the Staff or FacuJ.ty of the Highlander 

Folk School throughout 1957 or thereafter? 

c. 

c. 

~ 

{· 

;.. 

'-

~-~ 

11' 

6. Are there ndw any communists on the Staff or FacuJ.ty of the Highland , f 

Educational Research Foundation in IG1oA,rille, Teru1essee? ~ 

1. Was there, to the best of your knowledge, any training given at the 

Highlander Folk School, which was based on the principles of 'LArxism, 

Leninism, Stalinism, or Collllll\lnism? 

B. Can the F.B.I. say whether or not the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, 

Tennessee, or the Highland Educational Research Foundation, Knoxville, Tenn. 

has in any way used methods or principles or any training of people in the 

methods of l!arrist, Leninist, Stalinist or Communistic ~t:j.cs'l....., ,.- .I .1 r 

6~ '?1- /~11-· 

':/J> - -
I 

I 

( ... 2 ( D -~ 9. Was Karl Prussian ever an agent llf the F.B.I.? 

10. If not an agent, what did he do for the F.B.I.? 

ll. Was l4anning Johnson an agent of the F.B.I.? 

12. If not an agent, what did he do for the F.B.I.? 

13. Were they pai~if so how much? 

J.h. Are either or both of them now, in any way, associated w:l.th the 

F.B.I.? ~ 

c.c. 

N. deB Katzenbach 

George McCandless 

Sincerely, 
XJ • Y.J 1-1f '-''- -4.!1 

- -- ~ ..... 

e .& & . ,. 

Marcil 10, lHI 

REC-18 rb /-IS II- ?:IJ:; - ···• •t"': --

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIEO~-~­ DATE -' l s-j-'8'4 BY OJ?'[5T . &<I- ;rS; I 

Wltb respect to JOUr lllq&llrlea, laformatlon coatallled 

Ill tbe fllea of tbe FBtmut be JD&lDtalae4 u confldentlallD accordaace 

with regalatlou of Uae Department or .Jutlce Ud la avallable for 

oellclal ue oDJJ. 'nlerefore, I truat JOD wlU aderat&Dd wbJ l am aot 

Ill a poaltlon to comment aloDI tile lloea JOU have meDtloaed. 

, 

~" ' 

~" ~ 

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.:::..'~ ~ \to 

~' "~;::)~ 

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Wltb regard lo Earl Pl'U88lOD aad MaDD1111 .ToM-. ~ f !_~ould llktio• to po!~ out Pruatl~ntl ... tated ~~ ~~ bJ11r:;nt~ ;,3 ~ ..... orma n oa ......... eralve ac ,. ea trom -· .., •-u -· w- to; 

.Jobllaoa did llltnlse from 1tU lo 11", dllrlDair whlch time tbeJ were t E 

compeanted; bowever, tlaey were DOt Special .\ieDta. Neither PrllSBlOD 8 f 

aor .Jolmsoo hu beeD coaneeted with tbe FBI alDce these datea. Tbelr t::l F 

per801lal ventures aDd tbelr oplDlou are atrlcU, thelr owo u~theiBl •~ f 

Ia DOt Ill a poaltloa to COJillll8Rl OD tbeaela UJ WaJ Wbatsoeverz :_ a~~ . ~ 'i' c::t ~ 

.. JOL -':'"~ !" ~ Ulera-I lrut wW 4"'; ,J 

. _ . 

~· ._, 

J. Edgar lloover 

__ ~~ r ~r \ I 1 ~J :--·':? ~. ~· --- \tl~ \0~' ;; .. ·-~ 

-~.u ... , . • -- ~Joaar• (I) IMA!i 12 """' · - . - >• ! Ol! - ~ \:!"".-'' 

1 - Denver - Bllcloaur~ ::- .. . _ 

_ r"~;,-~ ~~- (4) _.) CJ- See enclosures ud note next page. 

~ -_i:;~~RT91~ I''' . -_-<oJ:I, __ - ~D TELETYPEUNITO • 

,~"' 
_, .. .. ---

, .... "i,;;~ 

Domestic Intelllgence .. . . ·-· "' ·_·';" .- --;:.--.;;. 

Communism the Incredible Swindle 

i '1.-''. ~.~- ""' - 't, .. ~~ ',- "il'- r ;,{.' 

-Faith ln God--Our Answer to Communlam . .;,.! .. ·:r._._...: ·' ·;o.,; __ ... _.~.,:· . .:..· 

Onr Berlllllge of Greatness Y.-

The Communism Menace .- ;:.-.-

.- • 

NOTE: Correspondent ~t ldentlflable ln Buflles. Karl Prussion ls well 

known to Bureau files a 1 Highlander Folk School and Marlln Luther King. 

_,. __,_ 

Manning Johnson was a Party member from 1930 to 1939 and furnlsbed 

luformatlon to this Bureau 1942 to 1944. According to public sources 

information, be died tn July, 1959. (100-55627) 

Jo- - ·-

.;:' 

·, .. 

• 

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TRUE COPY 

3/10/65 

Dear Mr. Hoover, 

I have recentlx~ecieved a picture depecting 

Mr. Martin Luther King at thtMfighlander Fjlk School. It says 

;;r;der this picture this school was cited as/subversive organization 

by the state of Tennessee. This pictlire was carried by the Augusta 

Courier on July 8, 1963 page 4. .· . . . . . 

I would appreciate it if you rould confirm this picture 

-; i 

ond •end anyad<U::l;•::::.pos•lble. -if_ 

lam. 

Sincerely yours, 

' 

' . ·:·. ;j t1lP 

; ... lf'.iL~. ~ 

- tAP.~\ \1-~ 

. --- /' . --- J t 

-r:,;;;li;_d~LL INFORMATION coflt~ Ji1c.._ HEREIN liS UNCLASSIFIED ) "'-

OATf .1 s-/'i$4 BY g:>8EST11 ~1 
'. · .. :~ -: 

I . -.. -.' 

I 

(' 

0 ' 

March 18, 1985 

. .<;-

Dear 

Your letter of March lOth baa been received, aDd I appreciate the concern which prompted you to wr~ me. rn "" 

1M 

. 0 Wblle I would like to be of usiatance to JOU, lDformatlon , ' 

contained lD our lUes must be maintained u confidentia.lln accordance ~ 

with regulatlou of the Department of .Justice. In Ylew of this, I am aureCO ~ 

JOU will understa.Dd why I cannot commeat aloDS the llnes JOU baft H ~ 

lndlcated. In addition, I hope JOU wlll not lnfer either that we do or do ~ 

not have data lD our files regarding the subject of your lnqulrJ. ~ 

In response to Jour request, I am enclosing some materlal 

en the general topic o! C0"'"'11"'sm. You m.•y !leo wi-Bh to rAter to m1 

books, "Master• of Deceit" ud "A Study of Communlam." The former 

was wrltten with the hope that lt would help readers lalo an lDBlght lDto the 

true nature of the communist consplra.cy lD this country. The latter 

coDtalDB an analy11B of international communllt practices and contrasts 

totalitarian methods with life In a free countrJ, Tbese books m&J be 

available at your loc~ llbr&rJ. 

Slncerelyyoura,' · 

MAR 13 1965 
• 

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• 

LEB Illtro - 4-1-61 

Internal Security - 4-1'1-62 

Deadly Duel 

,,.,. ·-

............. 

• 

•_,., l.". 

·;' 

..... 

''Jo.• 

Communism--The Incredible Swindle 

One Nation's Response to Communism 

.• 

-~-. 

..... ~ 

.. '· 

NorE: There is no record of correspondent in Buflles. 

-- ~ 

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Federal Bureau of Investigation . ·~- ,' -

Washington, D. c. · .. -·.; 

Dear Sirs: ' ,• ~ .. ~ • --. _i 

Concerning: Myles Horton Q .. ' 

Director of ~~e Highlander Folk School 

Monte!!:£1~~!_ss~t _ --

. ' ' ".'-· .. 

stances 

During a recent ·wor1d ··oiil tureii"'c:"l.assunu*circumsurrounding the above and p_r. 'llarti!!....!!ll::!P-2 ~~~_were 

to light. It was mentioned that Dr, King had ceived 

training at a Communist school. The only information available 

was through an •unbias, nonpartisan" paper issued before the 

last election. It contained a photo showing Dr. King, Myles 

Horton and several other ~eopl.e together in front o:f' the school.. 

The caption mentioned that the school was to be cl.osed by an . . . - . . . . 

act o£ the Tennessee Legisl.ature and Carl. Prussion, a counter- ........ -... ..._._ spy for the FB~ for 22 years, was quoted to have said that 

Dr. King bel.onged to 60 Communist organizations. 

I woul.d be grateful for any pertinent information 

concerning Dr. King and Myles Horton of the Highlander Folk 

School. 

Respectfully, J / 

3 APR 2 1965 

All INFORMATION CONTAJNED - HER~I~.JJ. DAT :fLASSifl£0 &YeW ~ _ -· ' ,' c9tfn> 

-

d ., ' il WI:' !C: '' ' ' ' . -- . ' ' .:tfifPJ 
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-. -· .. .. ... .. -- . .,. _ _. .• 

AprU 1, 1151 

., - -.',• 

- :,-, 

AlliNFOftMATICN CONTAINED 

HEREIN \~U~fLASSIFIED ~- DATE 3 BY..::::Sil-P"""8' ~¥-:::rl~ . .· . J<f . 

Your letter of March Z'lth has been received, aDd 

the thought which prompted you to wrlte me ls appreciated. 

Although I would Ute to be of senlce, Information 

contained ln the flles of the FBI mllBt be malntalned as confidential 

ln accordance with regulations of the Department of Justice and ls 

available for offlelalllBe only. I regret that I cannot be of assistance 

ln thls Instance but trllBt you will understand the reasons for thla 

policy. 

For your lnformatlon, Mr. Karl PJ'Wislon furnished 

Information concerning subversive activities on a confidential baSI.a 

to this Bureau from 1949 to 1958 during whleh tlme be was eompeii- -,, · sated; however, be was not a Special Agent of the FBI. His oplnlona'· 

and comments are strictly his own and do not represent thls Bureau .o 

ln any manner. :; "" · f' 

tS . Encloaed Is some material which I hope you Wln:i, - flnd of interest. . CD ~ ..,._ 

~all ,., ~ ::: 

Sincerely JOUI'B, v.· ~ ~ 

l , :r;o; 

4. 0. APRl-J965 ~~ g :a: 

COMM·FBI " -~ ::.n 

'), ~... •.1!,- ~h~ i ;· : _; !_, ~ ~ '~ •, 

~::~:.~~ "-' . ~ ~A.) 

, - U. S. News and World Report, 12-21-64 ;y I ;, ,~';"., • , Communism, the Incredible Swindle ~~ AJ'r JAJ' 

,; _ _.= Falth ln God-Our Answer to Commun~s ;(Jri.~!"ioJ · A'fl 

,;;·:.: ,,. --- Let's Fight c~~unlsm ~nelyt sg {3) /U 

t) ~J. AfR 11&4-~~ETYPEUNrrD e NOTE next page.) 
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NOTE: There ls no record of correspondent ln Buflles. The 

individuals Martin Luther King and Myles Borton are well 

known to the Bureau as ls the Highlander Folk School. &. '.·· 

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TRUE COPY 

Dear Sirs: 

..;f;ould you please send me informatlon 

concerning the-'Highlander Folk school with regard to 

Martin Luther King and his preseiiCethere? Co!f~ you tell 

me why the school was closed on charges of being7subversive 

organization? In the publication Freedom's Vol.ce, a newspaper 

put out in the past election, it was stated that Karl Prussion 

charged that King bellnged to 60 Communist front organizations. 

;-..: 

Would I be allowed to know the reasons behind this charge? Also 

could you supply information on Myles Horton, Director of the 

Highlander Folk School for communist training in Monteagu, Tennessee? 

This would be of great help to me, as we are discussing this in school. 

Thank you for your cooperation. ' 

. . .. . ~ r ~1- ?51/--p- ~ . ----

--~\lR ~ ¢ 9 , 

--------

- ALL INfORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE aJsJ-N BY~~ 
• __ r. ..... ( 

... • .•·;. 

.. .., -" t 

lrfarch ao, 1885 

Dear 

YOIU" letter of March 25th bas ben 

received. 

Wlth respect to yolll' lnqulrles, loformatlon 

contained In the flles of the FBI must be malntalned u 

confidential ln accordance wlth regulations of the Department of Justice and ls available for official use ODlJ. 

I regret I cannot be of help ln thls Instance but trust :rou 

understand the necesSU'f reasons for this pollcf. 

Enclosed la some Uterature which I truat 

you wlll flnd loformatlve. 

Sincerely yolll"a, 

~-- Edgar Hoover ~ . ,-- . 

-·. 

-- . :. ·- St ... ~;'. 

•• ,..:~ ~ . . . . .. ~FORMATION CONTAINED 

#f')£ ._~ 11. s. News & worBReports 12-21-64 HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

1 1 .r; _.,. U.s. News & World Reports 12-7-64 0 ,J / 

,,!>~,.. ,., -c;;o Our Heritage of Greatness _ ATEaJL'i'i BY \ "•'m~·~ .. ,. st. Louis Globe-Democra't fl-25~: '-lt1 n;, Mohr ,_ 1 , • J &t_ 

D~Lo,.,C'h~ • 

~~ f/:. ~o,rE: Correspoodeut 18 not. Identifiable In Bulllea. 

~~;:- ' ~a-)-., - =·-~c, . - .• ·~ 

~t~ §~,= t If' Ill~'¥. ~ ~ ~ ,..; 1. (IJ 9]f, ~:;~-fi=A.PR w.8 ~ TELETYPE UNIT D OJ/lW lJ\ u-~ ~ t.sl..---
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'l!Cnite~ .S,fau.s ..$e'I'Ul:u 

Aprll 1, 1965 

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• 

• & ll /i • ., ,. ~~.I ;,.{ I . - Respectfully referred to 

Federal Bureau of Investigati~ 

Department of Justice 

Washington, D. c. ·----·-····-··----··--····-········------··----------------·---

for suoh consideration as the communication 

I 

' 

herewith submitted may warrant, and tor a report 

thereon, in duplicate to accompany return or I 

inclosure. 

By direction of 

THCW.S H. XIJCHEL, 

-- u. s. s. ...$L-. 

re: letter and attached copy of a ph<ltO!~~ r•e~m-ra• 

Martin blther 

!) 

-~--

8 APR. ~i4t- 1965. E I ~ if)( E 
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fv1ARTirl~ LU:T.HER :.~>KING .... ~ 

COMMUNIST----.·· TRAINING -~-.. SCHO( . ' ' • • ' ; : •. j, ' ·' .. f . ~ • ' 

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Fo!k SchQo! 

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in 

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Monteagle, Tennessee 

modo by on 

during 

omployoo 

the 

oltho 

l.obor S~to Day week-end 

of~:,:.~;.::~ of 1957. The ph• I [;-~! ' g~:-;·was sent to the Highlander Folk. School by the Georgia Commission on Educot 

I F

-'.-J.·· \ _. T~,- -;,-;hlander Folk School was abolished by on act of the Legislature of the State of 1 - .- ·• , . .,t o l'lter date becou~oe it was. charged with being o subversive organization, ,.,..-:-, . . ·, 

'' ~ J / _:-h Those numbered in the picture ore: . · -

I r ' 8 i -----;~ Morti_n Luther King, Jr., of the Montgomery boycott ~nd the Birmingho!" riots. • ~ !'-~ ?. . ~:::' :;; Pruss1on, a counterspy for the FBI for twenty-two years, charges that Morhn Luther ~ 

It ; ·-,. • ;.c ~. ,--:,~::- belongs to sixty Communist-front organizations - more than any Communist in 

lo ' ~ I '=' ; . i " "·~ United States. He is promoted and encouraged by the Kennedys. j t.: 8 ~ VJ.2. Abner W. Berry of the Central CommiHee of the Communist Party. * ~ . z ~ ~ 3. Aubrey Williams, President of the Southern Conference Education Fund, Inc., The Tr 

t· ~;,~ j S:: S .. _ : ,; ,;ion Belt in the South for the Communist Party. · 

'

:. ./;:i I ~ ~~-· ~)'~~~::::on, Director of Highlander_ Folk Schoo~ for Communist Training, Montee; 

I e =::r::t "fhese "F~ur H~nsemcn" of ;aciol agitation h~ve brou"ht tension,.distu~ance! S' 

• -- . · ~ "I 1ce 1n thc1r advancement of the Commun1st doctr1ne of "roc1al nahonol1sn . -- :...u l in::.,._ ...... u j -. •- • __.,.I'\.#~ n ! -~-.... '""'L. ¥.: • ~- .., 

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FREED 
--· .•· :--·i! 

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·' ·;·:-)'; .. -:? 

·.--f .... ...... :~ ·~ 

Booorable 'l'homu B. Kaclall 

Ualle<S Statea SeDaM 

WuhJDctoa. D. C. 10110 . . 

Aprllt. llll 

Wh1le I cemtnJ7 WOill4 Ute to be ol .. me. 

your coostttuent, IDrormatlOD coata1Ded Ia the fU.a ol 1M 

FBI muat be matDtalnecf u CODfldeDtlalln accordeace wltll 

the Departmnt ol.Justlce. Therefore, I trut 

wm Uftdeubmd why I am 110t Ia a poaltloa to 

011 the material be forwarded. 

In reapoo.se to JOill' requut, I am retu~ 

hls letter and the circular to roa. ··- ..... 

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rr-.,_ :· ~~,r:. ral Clo0-1~7o) ALL INFORMinoN-CO~TAINED. llAB'nR LUIBEA kDDI: -~ ..• ; · _-. HEREIN I UNCLASSIFIED · : '_ . 

IDCUal'l'f ~Tna • -. :'/ . ~ .. ~~ c:'ci ·. D~!~. ',~ II . ~~¥:~1?Pz/,J . · ; . a.o.au:r uU••l•• p~»UeU:r tua• Mela al•aa to a 

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bllt lchool 011'11). othara la tile .-wP'apb bYe .... lleacribetl 

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tra1atq .a11001.• IU.q ltsa .-bU.o1:r auwered tla1a erlUeU. •:r 

olat.tns that tile ~toaraph ... taua at tbe lltb .laalYeraar:r 

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onl7 appearance at the Dlaad that be •• there for aal:r aboat 

one bo\11' la arder tO uke aa acklren •lob luted abollt a ,.,._ 

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. llllreau fll" reveal that the Dl later bon aa the 

Rip laDder leaearola aad Wdlacat1oa Center, 'eld Ua lltb .laalYel'• 

aarr Celebl'atloa ..,.,. the r.bol' Dar w .. keH, a/IO.t/J/•'~ · ... ..,_ ". t. ~' · •• _ .... _. 

'ftle Bur"•• of OOGJ'"• b aware of the aatve of tile 

D'l. It la dedrad• llowever • that available facta be obtalaed 

relative to IU.q'• preaeDOe at tbe an la order to aubataaUata 

or proye tal.. 11111 uner ot the orltlaU.. . ,, ~ . ~ -.· .• 

·Auuta·s.a lu~oted to S.edlatel:r M"evlw tta tile 

ooncoralDI lb.q aDd aa:r other appropriate tllea fOI" lDfol'llatt.oa 

whlcb would teDd to prove or d1aprove IU.q'a olata. Partlcnalarl:r DOte lnfOI"'IaUoa lDdlcaUq lb.q*a preMDCo at tbe D'l oa 

' anr occ .. lou otber than the alqla tlae be olalU. _If f11e 

rev1w aacover• the ldeatltloa ot .. tab118bed reltabla ... ~ .. · ,... alpt be laelpful, luda NOuld be aet out for oootaot pro- . y1dad epe oaa be doae wltb full aecurltr Snaofar aa preventlq 

flacaDf;:,!r ~utboriaed llld~•!4u~l•_' 1Htc~1~ aw~• -f .. ~~ llul'eau 

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loth offioo• ~ould oapedlto tbla aatter aad roplJ llJ . alrtol. It lllforaatt.oia aloq tho llnoa ladloated llPe .,..oYioulr. 

llooa aabaluoct, lurDlllla uto aDd oaptua, c. 

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AI~TEL 

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TO: DIRECTOR, FBI 

/~ "'"0'1· .....SAC, KNOXVILLE (100-3537) 

f 

'-'STUDENT MARCH ON WASHINGTON, 

4/17/65 

/ T!\'FOR!>iATION CONCERNING 

(I~ERNAL SECURITY) 

CO: WFO 

Re Knoxville teletype to Bureau 4/13/65. 

E:1closed are 8 copies of letterhead memorandum 

reporting iLformation contained in referenced teletype. 

'I\:o copies ilave been designated for the Washington Field 

Cffice and o~e copy of letterhead memorandum is being forwarded to Balt~ore. 

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c:~v :x:~;;::;;--,;-.':-_.·:~~~~~;"~?'x::;,ry.:~?¥:~~\FJ?~V::2rt! :,:?fr[~;~,~;Jr:'~z;sr.::'L;~¥J:?);fr(-\}{::·.~~s.·\S"'' ,_ ~ -·---· · -- · · 'T'C:c-"-_~. -~·~ :--.. 
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FEDE:U.L llt1RE.A.U OF INVESTIGATION 

Kno:r.villEl, Tennessee 

April 13, 1965 

STUDENT MARCH ON WASHINGTON, 

APRIL 17, 1965 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

(INTERNAL SECURITY) 

On April 13, 1965, 

information in 

The Knoxville Journal, Knoxville, Tennessee, a local, 

3 v, : . 

daily newsp~per, in issue o£ S/9/65, reported that the Highlander 

Research and Education Center and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee were sponsors of the organization. This news 

release states that it was reported by AEPAC that the organization 

was formed to "help organize jobless and under-paid white and Negroes 

in Appalachia. The Appalachian Economic and Political Conference wilJ 

work in ten Southern States which lies partly in Appalachia. This 

nountainous region has been harder hit by unemployment and poverty 

than most other a.reas of tho nation." It was reported that AEPAC fpe~s "that Government program to meet these problems are inadequate ~nd temporary and do not get at the basic causes of poverty. We 

hope to give the people of Appalachia a persuasive voice in economic 

and political decisions affecting their lives". 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER 

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On October 14, 1952, a source advised that the Highlander Folk School w&s ar. institution located near Monteagle, · Tennessee; that it was an institution with classes on a seminar 

basis supported pr~•arily by donations from individuals and 

irom labor unions in the form of payment for students who 

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attend, and to some extent by the Farmers' Union. It offered 

ccurses of instruction in labor or£anization, offic•l economics, 

parliamentary procedure, and the general fieid of labor education, 

This source added that this school bas had Communist ~rty members on its staff and as instructors, and has followed 

the practice of welcoming Co~unist Party members as students, 

but to the source's knowledge the school has never offered co~rses of instruction in Communistic matters nor bas the Comm~nist element e~er completely controlled the institution. 

A second source advised that LOUIS BL~NEZ, admitted :::·~_:_ :-- ~jitor of the "Daily Worker", an :East Coast Communist news- p~p~r, acd former official of the Communist Party, advised on 

''" .'c:r,C,er 21, 1952, that the Highlani!er Folk School was pro- Co"'.::.ur:ist. BUDENZ did not give further c:!&tails regarding this ~:>c-hool, 

~h~ October 8, 1961 issue of the Knoxville News- S~ntinel, a local daily newspaper published at Knoxville, TennE>'.;;see, contained an article reflecting the Highlander Folk Schoc•l 

:,:d ar.nounced plans for a similar school at Kifoxv~ne ;t;e-·lie-io-cated 

at 1625 Riverside Drive. The article identified MYLES\HORTON as 

Director of Highlander. / , ; _ 

------ ./~ The December 17, 1961 issue of the Knoxville NewsS&"tinel contained an article reflecting that on December 16, 

'.ii's :t, assets o! Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, .,..,..~ . ., auctioned by the State of Tennessee under a court decree P'+a~ the school was convicted of violating three Tennessee laws 

and failed in appeals to the State and United States Supreme 

Courts. 

The July 8, 1962, issue of the Knoxville News-Sentinel cant~ined an article reflecting the land on which H1ghlander Folk 

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School was formerly located had been sold at public auction 

under Court decree. The article stated that MYLES BORTON, 

Director of Highlander, during its entire existence, has moved 

to Knoxville, Tenness~j and has been granted a State Charter :for 

an organization call~ghlander Research and Education Center. 

- ~bis dccument contains neither recommendations nor 

conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is 

loanej to your agн it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 

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Date: 4/14/'65 

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rrrp• in ploin, .. , ., codeiAlliNFORMATIO~ CONTAINED 

HEREIN I UNCLASSIFIED 

~-:~c.sc-.;t t~e followinQ in 

\":cr __ ..,A"'I""R..,T..,E"'L,__ __ _ (Priority) Y.:a.P:.~~ 

FROlJ: SAC, Knoxville (157-253) (RUC) 

!.:J.RTIN LUTHER KING, JR. 

SECURITY MATTER - C 

ReBuairtel to Atlanta and Knoxville 4/6/65. 

A review of appropriate Knoxville files fails to 

i !\reflect any infor~ation indicating KING'S presence at the 

i , !~ighlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn., other than the I I ioccasion of tne 25th Anniversary celebration at Highlander i 1 'on the ~bor Day weekend of 1957. File contains the photo-

··:·::.ph circulated by the Georgia Commission on Education, 

-· Llanta, r0oortedly made of KING at Highlander Folk School 

:r;:os) c t!:.is occasion. It is noted that file contains an article~in the New York Times dated 7/7/57 reporting that 

::::s woulc hold i J;S 25th Anniversary on the Labor Day weekend of 1957. It is reported that an interracial group of 

c ony;.ulla.!Lt_~;:I_!5L ::;J?_e~~~s __ haye_)Jee n _ ~~vite <!_tc:~ ... .tlar~p-~ ~e , among those. being..Rev._lli\RTIN .LUT!!ER-KING, Jr., Dr. ALONZO 

::ox"'ON, president of Hampton Institute, and AUBREY V/ILLIAMS, 

:.:ontgomery Farm Magazine, and former director National Youth 

Ad~inistrztion, Rev. C. K. STEELE, RALPH HELSTEIN, president 

of the Un::. ted Packing House Workers, and C. CONR1\D BROWNE 

of ;:oinor.ia Far=, described as an interracial religious 

settlenent near Americus, Ga. 

The Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville, Tenn., a c~ily publica~ion, in issue 10/5/57, reported testimony by 

".::.n undercover agent" before the Georgia Commission on Edu-

.:..--:ion, pertaining to the meeting at Highlander. A member 

~-/(('~0~1(~ ,- 3,...- Bureau 

'-1 . -~~v~5586)(in!o) 

- 157-253) 

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Sent ------M Per ---;~~QA.=----

·~· Charge 

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of the Co~~ission stated that KING was one of those present a~d he described a photograph of KING. This photograph 

apparently was the one that was later circulated by the 

Georgia Commission on Education. 

Pamphlet distributed by Highlander Folk School, 

Monteagle, Tenn., entitled "Highlander Clippings" contains 

excerpts from newspaper articles reporting the visit of 

:.;:·s, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT at Highlander on 6/17/58 and also ite~$ concerning the 25th Anniversary of the school. One 

item in this paephlet contains an excerpt of an address by 

KING. This item is headed "The Look to the Future"· by 

":.-'RTIN LUTF..::R KB.'G, Jr., Montgomeljl Ala,:' (an address delivered at the 25th ARniversary of HFS, Monteagle, Tenn., Labor 

Day 9/2/57)(trar.scribed from a tape recording). llr, Chairman, ~1::-. Horton, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: . It 

is a great privilege and a distinct honor for me to have the 

G??Ortunity of being a part of the 25th Anniversary observance 

c.:: the Highlander Folk School. I have long admired the noble 

p-.:rpose and creative work of this institution. For twenty- .. i ve years you have stood with dauntless courage and fearless . c~termination. You have given the South so~~ of its most 

j :·E:sponsible leaders in this great period of transition, and ~o I am happy to congratulate you today for all of your great .. ,:o:·k, and hope for you many more years of creative and meaningful v;orlt., •• " 

C~attanooga News-Free Press, Chattanooga, Tenn., in 

issue 9/297'09 cont~ined a news item reporting that HFS, whose 

t:ain educational building had been padlocked as a "public ~1uis::1.nce'' was trying to organize a "protest" by "friends" to 

the Ten~2ssee Governor. It was reported that earlier in the ~onth Highlandor was found to have been selling beer to minors 

and adults without a license. It was reported the Rev. s. S. 

SEAY, Negro Executive Secretary of the Montgomery Improvement ~~3ociation, ~ontgomery, Ala., had condemned the padlocking. 

It was noted in the article that Kil\G was president of this 

association. The news item stated that in a publicity release 

from the MIA it was stated "the NAACP and its official family, ~7LES HORTON and Highlander Folk School, MARTIN LLTHER KING,. 

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.::·., and all w!1o subscribe to principles of life advocated 

by these organizations and persons will not go unmolested 

ty the oppcsi tion". 

Reference i~de to Memphis letter to Director 

d2.ted 4/2/59 entitled~l_QHL.i!\"DER_~OL'\ SCHOOL, IS - C", 

\;.'r.orcin it was transmitted a letterhead mc:r.o contain 

ned on a confidential basis from 

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An article appearing in the Chattanooga Daily Times, 

Ch::.tt::.r.oo;;a, Tenn., in issue 2/23/61 datelined Atlanta, reported that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and 

Hi::)-.landcr Folk School had joined forces to train Negro leaders 

fo• the Civil Rig~ts struggle, It was reported that KING was 

h:::ad of the SCLC and a conference spokesman was reported to 

have said eleven ~cgvoes had completed a week's training at 

~:i~;t-,lander and another class was expected, 

The article continued that some observers had said 

··~'-'-" affiliation of Dr, KING'S organization with Highlander 

:·c:::.sed serious questions of prestige for KING'S group. JA1IES R. 

~.COJ, Administrative Assistant to Dr. KING, said the SCLC is 

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:..·::::.re of the problem but he asserted "we find no reason 

::oo; to cco;;Gr::.. te with any organization that is interested 

i::-. the devolop~1en t of full citizenship for Americans which 

c.:.nnot bo pl·oved to have conducted itself in a manner which 

is not American or patriot:Lc". lt is noted that the article 

co::tained no information that KING was engaged in any capacity at the school. 

Knoxville letter to Director 

F8SEARCH AND EDUCATION 

d that 

8/13/63 entitled 

INFOR!.l...\TION 

K::-.oxville files also contain a photostatic copy 

o7 a lette~head of the Highlander Education and Research 

_'•2nter datc:i ::::y, lSG-~, reflects arJong approximately 90 

::~ghland"r s:;>o::-,sOl'S listed on the letterhead' the na~:~e Rev. 

:::.:::TIN LUTe:::< I:ING, Jr. A review of the file reflects that 

-..::o na:nes Hig-hlander Education and Research Center and High-

~::~der Research and Education Center are used interchangably • 

• >. ;;>::.!nphlet of IIR::C indicates that among approxiinately 90 

sponsors in the fall of 1963 KING is also listed. 

The file review fails to reflect the identity of 

' I uny established reliable source who might be contacted in 

connection with the matter of KING'S presence at the school. 

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4-750 (2-7-79) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain L'"tis deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) -~ 7_(-__ • __ .f- 7 _,:c_P _____ with no segregable 

material available for release to you. 7 

0 Infonnation pertained only W a third party with no rt•fprpnce to ~·ou or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained oniy to a third par(\'. Your name is iistpd in the titie oniy. 

D Document(s) originating with the following governntcnt agenc,dies) .. ______________ _ 

_ , was/wprc• f()rwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following government agPncy(ies); 

_________________ as the information originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon return of thl' material to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(,): 

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D • For your infonnation: 

~Jiil following n.Jilllber is to be used for ref~r9<we rjlgarding these pa~es: I /_l~/1 ( I 1- /\}{) J(Jf,n lr-r- /0/..,n /,_,---

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X DELETED PAGE<Sl X 

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FBI/OOJ 
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Date: 5/7/65 

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Transmit the following In ---------,,.----,-;--:-:--:----;-;--------ill (Type in plainte:¥t or code} 

I 

. AIR TEL AIR JIAIL · · 1 · · I <.··' ·" V1o . t ·. 

-------------------------------~:~:~----~ ____ [_ 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) ~· . ' 

FROM: SAC, SAVANNAH (100-596) 

SUBJ: ~IGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL . 

IS - C 

(Savannah file: 100-596) 

RACIAL SITUATION, 

CHARLES 'roN, S. C • 

(Savannah file: 157-92) 

- Enclosed for the Bureau are two copies each of the 

following articles appearing in the "Charleston News and 

Courier", a daily newspaper, Charleston, s. c., as follows: 

Article entitled, "Rights Workshop Gets Under Way", 4/27/65 

Article 

Article 

(3:~ Bureau (Enc. 8)~~C\J 

'-2 - Savannah JP~l-' 

. ; . (l - 100-596) 

<-r:< ;: p - 157-02) 

~ .;sw 

lll I lllt="0RMATION CI)NTAINED 

HEHEIN.jS UNCLASSifiED~~ DATE 2/ f/t"4 BY o-rx , •- ~ :--t•o1 J<fSi ~ 

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.w ·~ .... Jt 

"Highlander School", 4/27/65 

'It Can Happen Here", 4/28/65 

of Church Discussed at 

4/28/65. 

# ~lbl t7 

Rtc:o b '~ '-E u.:: 3 I a 

8 t!-A\ lO '186% 

Sent ______ M 

• ·. ~· •. · _,o:::;~·r~i~~~~~fi;~~f~~f~E~·;!';~·;BP:ir;~{T~%]':iS+T;:;; .. _::;;~,,:: : · ... ·. 
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Rights Workshop ... 

Gets Under Way~ .. ,._ 

About 10 persons yesterday make laws that wiD dl.ange the 

attended the fli'St two aessions environment a n d _ 1ilereby 

of a civil rights educational change men's hearts." . workshop being held this week "To advance the eauoe tl • 

In Charleston ind Summerville. clal justice, one must associate 

ter 

th~in:i!:.l~~ of Knoxville. ~~ · = Jood tnteotions. jfih~~~;r:t.~ Effective won: I 

Esau Jenkins, dlreclor and IS what Is required," he said. 

coordinator for the worksbop ,Following Father Kelly's adand president of the Citizens' di-ess, folksinger Guy Carawan • 

Conunittee uf Ct.arlestoo Cuuii~ ied iDe group _in RVenU 1Jiirit- ~­

ty, said the sessions are being uals, after which there wu i 

held in hopes of creating an discussion· period. ' 

atmosphere for better race re- 'lbe discussion was led by F• 

lations, improved economic !her Kelly; the Rev. U. Z. Mo-

:S~~&!N=s ~-~':::::t: =1 ~eo1o(re:~. ~iii.g il 

marches and similar demon- in Atlanta; and the Rev. J. T. 

atrations. . · Enwright, pastor of the Ply-

. Jenkins said die wori<sbop Is mouth Congregational Cburch, . being held primarily for nunis- CbarlestDn chairman of tile 

ters in Charleston and Dorohes- workshops. " ; . · , ter County hut added they are Addressing Ill audience tl 

open to all Interested peroons.- about 25 persons In Smnmerville 

A 2 p.m. session held at Zion yesterday, Father Kelly said the 

Olivet Presbyterian Cburch basis of discussion In any aohere and a 5:30 p.m. session at tiety Is "the dignity of the ln-

~!!~~~,;n!a~~~-~ -~ di~~l.~~~ ~-;:__ .... f u~.Uu..ua~ •.u.a-.., •~'-"'·n::u a11 au· n-.;; '{UV&.CU CA'-~ tna U.\.IUI IUC" f 

dress by the Rev. Eugene Kel- Declarayoo of Independence, ' 

Jy, instructor at Bls6op Eng- the Universal Declaration of Ru- . land High School and assistant man Rights from the U. N. and 

pastor at St. Jolm's Rom a .n Ill Encyclical LeUer written llyt ~~!!.?~~..?'~ ........ , ~ ... ,_ ~:,~~-P2: .:O~~~u a F;~lly vu to~the J~u~ UGH: ;:mi:d :tbt:e~ thef 

that aince manki¢ Is essen- characteristics of aoclal justice, 

tlally a aocia1 being, that the Is "concern for the common 

environment In which an· lndi- good of all society." 'Ibis char-!· 

vidual Is raised determines to acterlstic ls not one of the eon-

:large extent the 'type of ~-,siderations_ of_ m~ ,.V! ~~ 100 he becomes. He added. states, he asserted. .. :. , ·. 

"You can't legislate morals" "State governments complain 

II 61!lY hall-true. "You can sometimes that the f~en1 IRT· 

(Indicate po:qe, aam• of 

newapaper, city Gild atate.) 

The News & Courier 

_E!'.arleston, s.c. 

[)gto• April 271 1965 

£ci1Uon• Morning 

Author: 

Title: 

Character: 

or 

Claaa1f1cauoo: 

Submlttinq Office: 
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DISCUSSION LEADERS ' <· ·'' ~ ; 

Leading the discussion In the workshops yesterday at Zion-olivet· Presbyterian Church were (left to right): the Rev. J. T. Enwright, Charleston chairman 

of the workshop and pastor of the Plymouth • Congregational Church; tb.e 

Rev. U. Z. McKinnon of the Interdenominational Theological Seminary In At· 

lanta; and the Rev. Eugene Kelly, pastor of St. John's Roman Catholic Church.· 

(Photo by Workman.) • · ·· · · · _ .• ,, ' , ·. ;. ------ -- ------- -- --

ernment Is doing too much.'' 

Father Kelly said. ''Tiley areu't 

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doing too much, dley're just, doIng what the states fall to do." · . "The point is, wbo can and 

jwho will do. 1f the lllate won't ~e'p the individual to vote, and 

that'• what our governmeai is 

based 011, then IIley leave lbe 

door open tn others. to come In 

and help." . . ' 

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F0-350 (-t-3-52) 

(Mount Clipping In Spoce Below) 

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H1ghlander School · 

To 'lbe NI!WI ml Courier: 

I note from 111 Item April B 

that Father Eugene Kelly of St. 

John's Roman Catholle Cburch 

In Charleston has been named ! 

a moderator of a Uay wort- I 

shop April 26-30 · In Olarlestm 

and Summerville uoder sponsor- 'I 

ship of the Highlander Research 

Center of Knoxville, Term. : 

It Is to be hoped that. Father 

Kelly's ordinary, Bishop Unter- · toefler, will make hlmaelf eo- ' 

\ 

qualnted with the character IIIII 

background of the Higblander Research Center. Would be care 

to scrutinize the _personnel of ID 

· ,. . 9J'1anlzatlon called the High-

! ladder Folk SChool, wbJcb lost, ,.~· 1 

lis ehartet In Tennessee, IDd 

give reassurance to his anzlOUI ·., 

Charlestm flock - If BUCh Ill ' 

possible - that Father Kelly Ill : · 

not now Identifying hlmaelf with :. :, · 

the outfit of Abner Berry, · 

James Dombrowski and AubreY " 

Williams, whose recent death :' .. Inspired a tearful eulogy In lbe · ' 1 

Communist People's World? • 

make a detailed atudy of Reo . 

• 

I Invite Bishop Unterkoefier tn .• , 

port No. 4 of the Joint Leglsla- . tive Committee on On-American · State of Louisiana. He may _., 

make his comparisons, come to · ' 

his conclusions, and Issue a " 

statement which the people of· . · Charleston, Protestant IIIII : 

Catholic, are awaiting, u to, 

whether these two lfOI1PII : .,. named Highlander bave a "lA- .. tionship to each other. • ' .. ·. C. R. NICHOLS - . 893 Beaverbrook Dr., N.W, 

Atlanta.~_,~~- .... - ::;. 

ALL INFORMATIC~·! CO~!TAINED 

HER~l~~S r~LASSIFIED ~ DAT. o BY 2>L$o..-

<:;) t.f s:. 

(ln.cUcate paQe, aam.e of 

newapaper, city Clftd. atote.) 

...Ib.e News & Courier 

Charleston, S.C. 

D•••• April 27. 1965 

Eci.Uion: ~iorning 

.,........., C. R. Nichols 

Ecltto" Thomas R. Waring 

Title: 

., 

ClaaaJ.UcaUODI 

SubmttUnq OIU~t 

~~r~ ,;~1Jaf 1\ -- 1/ D 
,·'· 

. ~. --

~:-:.: • t ' • 

.'::'"."'f' •' 

' ··• . . 

~-.... ,·~ 

~~~~ 

i:"-'-: ... ~ • 1' 

_.L.] 

£'''' ; _, ·: 

.~ . !;-E.? ~-:,:f 

l ···~· 

FB-350 (4-3-62) 

(Mount Clipping In S.,aco Below) 

------------------------------

·1fCan Happen Here ,-·~ --. 

Res p o n s i b 1 e Cbarlestonians 

should take note of the "civil rights 

educational workshop" being held 

here under Highlander Center 

sponsorship, and l~k to .the fu· 

ture. 

For years, the Highlander organizations hive been _deeply involved In radical politicatactlon. 

One can be sure that the latest operation has not been set ull without 

some long-range political goal inmind. Of significance Is the presence on the Highlander program of 

a member of the Charleston County 

Anti-Poverty Committee. 

What lies in store for this com· 

rnunity may be indicated by an 

editorial in The Richmond News 

Leader on a new political revolu· 

t.ion now brewing. , 

"The outlook for local govern· 

ments in cities and towns through- . 

out the country Is not good,'' said 

The News Leader. "A new political 

coalition now being quietly organIzed may well displace the work· 

ings of local governments witliout 

ever challenging local leadership 

in a legitimate electioD.'" 

The News Leader also pointed 

out that organizers of the new left· 

' mg political coalition ''would seek 

to use community action groups be-

•tl!' set up under the poverty pro-

• gram to weld voting blocs among 

persons In low-Income and alum 

areas." 

In this connection, local government agencies should uerclse eaution In giving funds or facllitiea to 

the ''war on poverty." They may 

be paying for the political lndoc-

. trination of slum dwellert. 

The experience of New York City 

~ Instructive. In that metropolis, 

anti-poverty and youth aid programs have become political action 

eroups. They have sponsored rent ·· strikes and other revolutionary 

moves. Charlestonians shouldn't be 

quick to say; "It can't happen 

here." It can. , - -

While overcoinlng poverty and 

promoting education are worthy 

goals, programs ,designed to advance these causes should not be a 

mask for full scale social, economie 

and political revolution. Insofar u -

the City and County of Charleston 

are 'concerned, public offlclals and 

other concerned citizens should 

keep a close watch on the apend· 

lng, plans and programs developed 

fn connection with the anti-poverty 

effort. . 

To be specific, the community 

should mak~ J:llrtain that indi,vid- . 

uals hired to fight poverty do not 

aerve u a new breed of political 

ward-heelers. ' 

'.,_ . ------ ------ ·------

-~ I 

. j 

I 

• 

I 

I 

(lndlcote per~, mrm• of 

aewapaper, city Gild etate., 

_6A 

__ The News & Courier 

__ Charleston, s.c. 

Dot•• April 281 1965 

Ediuoo• !Jorning 

btho" UnknoliJl 

Edito" Thomas R. War:l.n{ 

Title: 

ChCD'Gcter: 

or 

ClaaatUcaUon: 

Su.bmittinq Office: 
I 

. , Ftl-350 (4-3-62) 

(Mount Clipping In Spoco Below) 

/ .i.--·-;--

. Role Of Church Discussed 

At Civil Rights Workshop 

Churches need to concern with the showing of • ~::::1 themselves more with savlng the tary film entitled "The 

whole man rather than savlng of . Greenwood" (Miss.). 

his soul, a professor of theology film d . ts th otftonnJ 

said here yesterday, ep1c e .M....., e 

The concept was advanced Negroes ln Greenwood to 

by the Rev. U. Z. McKinnon of come registered voters. 

the Interdenominational Theol<>- Following the show~ of 

gical Seminary in Atlanta, at film, Mr. McKinnon divtded 

the second session of a five - participants Jnto 

day civil rights educational cuss !be theme 

workshop at Zion - being Olivet held Presbyterian this week seminar. results or E:~~ch~~~:~~~~~ its 

Churcli. sion, with 

The workshop is sponsored by adoption a 

tbe Highlander Research Center grains Jn which churches 

of Knoxville, Tenn. Coordinator aid ln implementing the 

for two sessions held daily here Hights Acl 

and ~n Summen:ille at E~uel A similar format was foDlowedl~ Bap!lst Church, IS Esau Jenkins. at the 5:30 p.m. session 

Mr. McKinnon yesterday merville, where about 20 

served as moderator for a dis- sons attended. · · · 

cussion entitled "The Role of The Rev Herlry 

the Church In Implementing the tor of St • Johni''ss~~~T;~~ 1964 Civil Rights Bill." Center and local c• 

He charged that one of the the federal government's 

faults of the Negro church for Opportunity Program, will 

years has been the emphasis cuss the advantages of tbe 

placed upon the soul rather than nomic Opportunity Program 

the entire body. today's sessions. 

"I don't know how. you can - --·- - · save my soul without savlng all 

of me:' he wondered. 

"We've been concentrating on 

the soul and letting the body 10 

to the devil," he continued. 

Mr. McKinnon emphasized be 

refers to the Individual church 

and not the church universally, 

when ralslng · the question, 

"What can the church do to Implement !be Civil Hights Act of 

1964?" 

. "Let's start preachlng and sel-

'ling up programs desizned to ~save the whole man,,. fie cha] .. 

lenRed . "M..;. cannot be too iood a 

soul If his bod;r Is all lhot to 

(Indicate pa.qe, name of 

n•w•pa:per, city cmct •tate.) 

_9A 

The News & Courie:: 

___ Charleston, s.c. 

Date: April 28, 

Edition: Morning 

Author: Unknown 

Eel! tor: Thomas R. 

Title: 

Character: 

or 

Claa•lf1cauon: 

SubmUUnq Offlcel 

1965 

Warinr 

pieces with d!Se8Se and hunger," he told a group of about 

40 persons. 

About one third of the participants in the Charleston sess. ion~ 

ALL INFOftMATI N CONTAINED 

1

1 

were white. . · · · 

Yesterday's ~ 

HEREIN IS UNC SSIFIED . 1 

DATE BY ~-JJ]n CN-'~ 

f7) 
:-:- ' . :::' 

: .,. c, 0 

I 0 o 0 If 

' 

' 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Direour 

Federal Blu'eau. of InveaUgation Washington, D. c. · 

Dear Mr. HoOTer& .. 

In a recent speech an the floor of Congress, Rep. Dickinson. of Alabama, nferred to the Highlander .Folk 

School, :in Tennessee, as haTing been a Communist training school; but"Time" magaz.ine stated in response to a reader's letter that u. S. Government investigators cleared 

the school of Communist activities. 

Would 70u please clarify this situation for me? Any 

comment you can make concerning the nature of the school 

will he appreciated. · 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

~ERDN IS UNClASSifll:ll ~ DATE 3[.r(tN BY ~SF~ . ,;;q 

lla JUN 2 1965 

--

--
,.· .. ·. 

.'' F 

' 

.. ·- . 

-.· -.:;.-

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNClASSIFIED~!;;:, DATE sl.>i ~4 BY <2PRI3 a:..: 

J:<f l 

You letter of May 24th bas been received. 

::z:: 

(") "'

.:: 

c 

a 

c 

In response to your request, information Ill-, ~ 

our files must be maintained u confidential pursuant to tD ~ N 

regulatiOilB of the Department ol JustiCe and ia available H i t;; 

for ofiicial use only. I am sure you will understand tbe ' ,., ~ 

reason for this policy and why I am not in a position to g 

comment as you desire. ' z 

1 am enclosing some material I bope JOU will 

find of interest. . ', , ,, 

JI'IAII..ED.Ii 

MAY 2 8 19o5 

COMM·FBI 

Sincerely youn, ,' 

J. Edgar Hoover 

r 
.. . : '.i. 

•.- '• 

W"· '\:.I·~ .. , ... 

f 

t 

I 

.( ,. r'< . ~ 

' .... 

FBI 

Date: 

( 

' _() 

8/9/65 

• I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

l 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Transmit the falJawinQ In --------,;;:---;:-;-;--:-:---;-;----------i1

1 

(Type in plointesl or code) 

I 

Via AIRTEIALL INFORMATION CONTAINED : 

HEREIN IS UUCLASSIFIEO (Priority) I 

-----------DATE/;!)1~-B)'~p~J&&?.i£_-------------~------- ~ ~ ~ I 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (100-106670) 

FflOM: SAC, :!>IE MPH IS (100-4105) 

u ' 

MARTIN 

SM- C 

LUTHER KING, JR• 

-- 0 j-} I ), [... ~ II) dey- F <.> L-k.. 

(RUC) 

1t- Enclosed herewllh for the Bureau are·two 

··news clippings, plus two Xerox copies of each clipping. . Also, one Xerox copy of each clipping is enclosed for the 

I Knoxville Division since it contains information regarding 

the Highlander Folk School. One Xerox copy of each clipping i is enclosed for Atlnnta, origin in instant case, and for · J~ckson since Dr. }lEDFORD EVANS is a paid consultant of I the national office of the Citizens' Council, headquarters 

i Jnckson, Miss. 

These clippings are as follows: 

1) Clipping of story by Staff Correspondent 

NAT CALDWELL, "Nashville Tennessean," 

Nashville, Tennessee, captiooed: "A 3-Time I 

Visitor Reports: It Was 'Different," bu'{Jf· _11 " 

Not Red," issue of 7/25/65. 'I 'F'"'1?,!. 

2) Clipping of story by Dr. MEDFORD EVANS, d P / I 

Consultant, Citizens' Council, appearing 

in the ''Nashville Tennessean," issue of 7/2 6 ~ /"' 

/J cG >(V ~ 1t 1 XfJ c3Y/~ Bureau (Encs.6) (RM) I 

f.l;;-/. ..... - 1 ·- Atlanta (Encs.2) (100-5586) (RM) 1 

J - Jackson (Encs.2) (RM) 

I 

· 1 -Knoxville (61-12)(Encs.2) (RM) 

A. ; .. .. .... 3 - Memphis ( 1 - 100-4105) 

"· .\ :· ...... - (1 - 61-34, Highlnnper Research & Education 

1 (1 - 157-207, Na~~~lle Citizens' Council) ~- ·· ,. · gmh ~-~· · I fej_-

Per 
I 

I 

I 

• ' 

I 

• • J,• 

~P~3 ~ t .. 3p62) 

_ ... """--- -• ' 

0 .. 

0 

(-t Clipping In S.•• lelow) 

F''':...-+""" *"' -·* _____ *__,_ *~~~ ' . " '*. 

i A 3-Time Visitor Reports: 

0 

e 

It Was· 'Different,' but Not Red 

* * * * * * * * * ---- ----- ~ ,-

By NAT CALDWELL It Not Un-Americon ' 

" ff C d t 1 Certainly there wu the dl8:' 

.,,n orr8 SfJOn err. 'l eontent of the working da.u 

11RACY CITY, Tenn.-Merchants up this way expreB8ed 1n ,the :1930'• by 

say if an election could be held on whether representatives of organized 

I C · t tr · labor who represented men Highlander Folk Schoo was a ommums am- otruggllng out of th• depru-· 

ing school, most Grundy County folks would vote , , olon just .. In the liiCIO'o tiler• 

th th · k 't ·. waa discontent expressed by ey m I was. · Negroes who wen bestnnbl&' For 30 years Highlander operated in this moun- to otruggle tor equal right.. · t.ainou~ region and had some famous visitors and But there was "• v • r the 

~11nn. nrter:-:., ineluding Mra. Eleanor Roosevelt.· feeling th•t thia ••• aubve""' · •ive or un. Amerie•n, even Strange things--.!Strange tor· Horton, who denied this •t when aomt ideas whIch : their time-went on at High- the time, says today: .. Wt'lile nemtd 1 m p r • c tic • 1, h•lr- >'"0~~ 1 ... •r.f' '""""r:o bf'f.,"e: tt. the Citizens council know. we hrained' or half--baked were of·. was closed 1n 1962 after a · weren't Communist, the Goc· fered. ~tate court found b£:er wu trinaire liberill mu1t have Much n( thtl': thln1dn5t and . !i~r:cd on the '!!remises. known we would not have und lalkln~ at Jllemlnar~ and at. 

Th!!' aura. ot- myflitery that our facilities to train profes- Informal dillCU~sionJII arnund :o;~Jrrc"Jnded the "chool and I 1ional government spies. the dinner table centered on • what went on there stimulated i Off and on durtng the yean the Df':PdJII ror an urban, indul'- · ~'he ~die! by Mme local people I various . charges were aimed trial 11octely. Horton constAnt· 

that what waa taught at High· at Highlander and Horton, ly trir.d to keep a li~:"ht ante 

lander we! communism. Thill· who now run• a wceessor on thP. conversation. but fre- · f.,ar now ha!'! bt>rn fed by l~a.f· aehool at Knoxville. A 195t quenlly· whr.n he told 11toriea 

Jf>t" aad billboarcb which hAve • tate . JeglelaUve committee that were supposed to bfl fun· : h!'P!~ d!etribut~rl "-Cro~!'l th'!!, hearing took ;. look ;.t Htgh"' ny he would forget the punch : " f".outh by lhtt Whiff! Cillz~nA lander-and that probe left the ~ line. He wu an tnccuant · CouneU. · llnpresslon that Horton wu an · name draper, taJktnr of .omf' 

T;...,..se J1u}-lfclltinn• cllrry " opportunlet but not a com- a.uoclatton he waa IUppctsed 

picture rl!f Dr. Marl.in Luther munlst. to ·have had with Walter ReuKing l'lesb·d h P. 111 de Myles On three. occasion• during ther, -Reinhold Niebuhr, Mra. 

Han.on, .Highlander director 'ttl 30-year existence, tn 1936, Roosevelt or James Cerey. 

In a cla.<!~rnom Rt Hl~hlander. 1H7 and ~aln In 1960-thl• There was a good deal of . . The caption on the picture , reporter vieU.ed Highlander. lllnging-sonp like '"Solldarity :o-<':«d~: What went on there eer- Forever" and "'Picket Line 

"'MaMin Lut!,er King •t talnly might have been un- 1 Hall .. Communist tr-aining school."' wual to the mountain follr.a i _}Un"'•" and ""Samue · ; 

I IA.ter -·web 'lfOnp as !'W• Ten year~ aflt!r the p cture who ltved a ear by. For oae Shall Overcome"" &lid 11)"i'ee- ~--.,_~ tak;..n Hottc.n ~an laugh . thing, there were integrated --~-_,_ .-•. -~.. . .. ._. .... .... a. bout the Communist caption. 1 meetlnp-whltea and Negroea --- ••:•':;hf.lr.d(·~ waan't Com- attending •eminars together. 

munist then. It never h.. flinging together, Jqu..r• dane--> ~ -v•·r o,.lw t1-.. 1 ,O:HI -"Urlftg A fftJ together, t h 81 r ehlldn!D"j 

recent "·isit to Nashville where 8 wfmming together In the lake.: 

he attended the Race Rela-' There were lectu rea .-nd 1 

tiona Institute at Fisk Unlver- round tilblt discu .. lona. Tho· 

'~~y. talk may have drifted ovsr tho 

"The CiUzena Council knowl · h,.ds of the farmera end 

that too:• hG added. · rn 1 n era, e 0 me of whomHorton was and I~ a man • llrought their children to the 

·who Involved him!lelf In tho kindergarten Horton operated~ 

!abor movement and la the · Thera was talk of govemment elvil rlghl• movement---eorne- end politics, labor versue ciPI· 

time• ...... hen hfll wun't wanted. l talism; aociali1m verau1 _f•.'"j 

1:)4>-liifl:o; R~port~ I cflm. · Very P.ariy it wu a piaee i 

h;tr·'< ill H·~> •'FIV li<fiO's lht>rf' 

Wf'rl!! reports circUlated a.mong 

liome liberal groupft lhRl Horton .,..."_. admlttln~ FBI mf!n 

and McCArthy commillel'l Jn· 

v.>,:t'J::Ator• t..n Hltl,land.-r to 

Ai~:liA~~~.~~o .. ·L~-~~-~~:~~~ 

where aome labor unions nnt_ 1 

.ome of their offlclala to die-] · Cl1ll their problema. BWl ._ter. 

tbe empbaala mewed to etYllt 

~~~t.._ or~~~~-=~·~: 

(lnd1eate paqe. oo•• of 

n•w•papor, e1ty ond 8to:te.) 

Page 3-B 

THE NASHVILI.E 

TENNESSEAN 

~shville• Tennesse 

7/25/65 

Autho"NAT CALDWELL 

Edlto" JJ.OHN SEIGENTHAL 

Till•• HI~HLRIIIN'It- ~. 

~cl/ooL - IS-C 

Ch01'0etor1 

or 

Cla•etftcaUoal 

SubmttUnq Offle•l 
I 

[

' ~--

. 

. 

[:.:~>;,,._ 

t·· . - • -~ 

ti%8~ 

;:a.-.. :!. ~-: 

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~~~'""'· .:· ,... -... f;.~; ;; t ..... 

~ ls_o ~ 

' ~ -<11 

• r· t •. j 

liii 

' 

-:::~~}'!~ 

I 

. . .. . "'.. ... • 

0 -, 1om~ be~~· tavOrttu aa the · liiJma::sJs awitched to clvtl 

rights. 

No Quelllion ·. -. -.,,.hta· wcirkon-an'}, ·oaruer7_ 

There w"" nov•r tor union labor org sDwnUI Any qUI':~ .. . '· 

lion about HiRhlandor !M-In~: Proud of Kindergarten I an lntrr-r~rial "chool. And ' t lhrre Will' never any problem Horton wu proud Of the 

In a library of 1.000 vofumas 

there were a few boo~a •n communism - perhaps 20 In· 

eluding a well·worn capY of 

Daa Kapital. · 

either about r;ettlng a drink kindergarten at Highlander. 

ot beer. . .. It was for those under I 7UJ'e 

Merchants The aehool was located in a ' old, not unlike toda.y'a Opera.-· or this town ot 

1,547 sold CTOCerJu and other 

BUpp1icfl at Highlander - hut 

tht"y don't want to talk for 

the ncord about the aehool. 

Onf! of them that 1 had inter· 

YiPwcd a few yeB.rl baC'!k Whf'.n •. I wa.!'l up thi.!! way, told me re· 

1. cently he doesn't thfnk thl'lt 

the chanJ:l"!ll of time-In the 

area of labor and civil rlght8-

have helped Highlander'• local 

reputation, . 

People up here, he nid, atill 

have the general Impression 

Nat Caldwell 

Tells how it was 

thl'lt Highlander WBJI Crin1mu· 

nijl;l. And. he said, Jt doesn't 

chans;:e anybody'l!l mind be· 

cause "Poesident Johnson now aayl!l th~ same things that 

Miles Horton used to aay." . Last Thursday wu the · fourth anniversary of the auc· tion sale that diapoaed of the 

school's Grundy County property for $43,700. · That sale came after a Grundy county jury found the 

achool "'guitty" of being a de· 

segregated institution In defiance of state laws, and ruled 

Horton was guilty of running 

the aehool for hla personal 

gain and guilty also of aelling 

beer without a licen ... Com· 

munfam was not Involved In 

the jury'e verdict. 

A circuit judge, on the basltl 

of thPse findings bv the jury 

OI'dered the school's charter 

revoked. The Tennessee Supreme Court upheld the jud,~tA 

on the .~tround8 ot operating 

for personal pin and ~t111nJ: 

btoer - tNt threw out t.htt aea-· 

Tf'l:atfon count. In October, 

_1961 the U.S. Supreme Court 

. remote, if not private, ~tart of tlon Headstart. · the county. It was just twelve He boasted to vlsitora about 

miles from Tracy City- about the kindergarten aa he dlcf 

three fourtha of the way to about the weather. It waa ~onteagle by Highway 56, a ata~fe~, he claimed, by the 

rtght turn up a country lane hatton 1 top lnatructora, vaCa• 

and on about a milo to Sum •. tioning at ttighlander and 

merlield. paying their own way. TIMy 

Summerfield, before HiJrh- were, he uld, regular ataff 

lander atarted in 1932 and aft. member. of the nation'• moft · er It lett in 1962, was just a fa m o u a kindergarten, the . little rural community like ChaH School. · 

. Allardt and Rugby and Pleas- There were other Ronan.·' 

ant Hill - other CUmberland boasts in addition to Weather 

plateau . towns. , a.nd kindergarten, He m&tn• 

In Hl,;hlander • 30 Year" tained his school had done • School President Horton al- better job than tbe labor m~ 

ways boasted - and wc;ather ment tn tratnlng labor Ju.d.era. ' 

records back up hi" cla1m - And probabl be t thl 

th:..t Do northern visitor evr.r e r 1 t J c 11 m y of ,c;:'.,U0

1

r• :e wa! 

faiJed to call lor blankets on squeezed down to two nr thNe 

!,he hottest ,;ummer ni~:ht . . . minutes on "- "tale CIO MftOur money alway!! g~el'!l for untlnn pro-rl'l.m tate labo 

book,;, fnotl. inslrur.hon or r d tl ... . • "" " r I'Cholarl'hipl'l." hP wo~ld •~v. e rra. on meebn;: and a nJ.l-. 

"'Air conditioning iA tor u..ke road brof.hr!rhood" pro~ .TunA.Ju~kA-."' 'fbi• wu in the late li'ortlea. .. 

Th~ Trat'y City huJ;hi~!'i~~~:m~n A Loud G ·pe J tJt)kP.d with IIRid hr,l111 "J)roud fl f 

Lh11t "(or Yf':Rrlll I kf"pt thf'l FBI During- th~tt ·vt'r)• period 

A.nd the Antcrican Ll':~:ion eur· 'Horton gripf"d )nuder a~~4 

rent on HiJ:hlandP.r." mort~ and more puhlicly u he· H~ did not 11m lie 11.t thP r@- called attention to hil achoora · COliP.ctlon or Horton's famntU'Io \ ••right to be heard" In labor 

warm-ul) Introduction to HiJ:h- ·. eireles. The more the unionll 

1A.nder for visitors. Orten, he tried to Ignore him, the ZJ\Ore 

Mid, tt wu a l)rr.lude to an he compllt-fned. 

ap.rtoal tor donations. Highlander was swilchine 

we E~:l~~~i :~:!• to t"e"r~:~ during t_his period from labor_ 

the businessman aailp l!'adershlp tr~ining to Integra• 

Horton has neve~ denif'd tlon leadership trai!"ing. Moat 

thllt the l'ehool he ran was o.f the Tenness~e ur:uona, •t the 

"different," but he offers to t!me, took a d1m v1ew of com- re'J)Orlen who uk about thfl! I' brnlng the two. Moat labor 

Communist charge the fa e i lead era thought union cleMSJ• 

that when he applied for a • regatlon In the South would_ 

passport to England tn the wreck their organization. , __ . ..., _ _ .. When Congressional com· 

middle of the 1859 Ten;e;.e• mlttee lnvesUgatora p I a c • 4 ~egisJaUv': committee probe of . Horton on their crlll tn .~e commu01em'' at Hie-blander. following years as though he 

he got hia passport quJckly ! W&a a We11 known CommUDlat 

and without a hitch. He wu! ~orton entered Into a nam .. cotnc . to England to act .. ! ltring contest with lnvesUp.-

ehatrman at aD intemaUonall tors. He Df'llrly JWlnlcked the 

educational conference. 1 Eastland Committee's New 

Horton also pointa out the, Orleans hcarin,:: in 19:>3. He 

Treuury Department rnoked: WM f'jcctP.d from hu.rlnr 

the eehool'a tax exempt atatua · mom" Cor upsetting bP&rlnc .. alter the U.S. Supreme Court'•! &fC a nuisance, IIUld once u a 

1962 refusal to hear an ap- di,.turber ot thf' pell.Ce. 

peal from a Tennessee su~ · Thi" r~porler que"Uoft'NS 

preme Court decree revoklnl'- him ll.t a T~nne$"e• Jahnr coilita charter. 

1

. vention tlftf!r thP New Or-· 

But Internal Revenue agent. Je11ns heulnp. About thaC 

chec.ked th• chargea of eub- ti~P., probably bllsed nn. bla 

vers1on ea. well as the chargea Wetrd perfonnance111, tntonna· 

of operatrng the school for I tlon spread th11.t Highlander 

-personal gain. After a few might be a training base tor 

montha the tax exemption for profeMional FBI and commit. 

eehetol supportera wa• re.. . tee Informer-infiltrators. 

atored for the 11uccesllon Hlah• FollowinJ:' the New Or~ 

· lander • c h o o I. Horton now hearina-s this reporter qUe•· · 

runa _In Knoxville. Alee the ••· f Uoned .him at a Tenneaae• 

empt1on wae made retroactlv•l Z...bor Con v en t1 on about .. the echool could ~llect on whether he had aceeptecl · 

Ita Paat due found•tlon grarttL funda from J. Edp.r Hoover 

:;g\~:;.dt£ :::. an ~~pe~. '!:r 

Horton, While denying the I or Senator Joseph M:cCartby Communist c:ha.ra. bout. of Horton'a reply wu· • ·' , H.lg:h)ander'e achievement. ~ .. 1 • ---~o.". :... . . ~· ---• a i.r•inin..- .. ., .. ,..., .. '"'"" ,..1....a1 ·-------- -
. . v • • -4. .. • 

.. 

' . 

' The Real Reds . l 

Horton and the achool had 

lome difficulty In auceeutully · refutin~ aueh ch&!'l'f:s at the 

tJme. The reason: the only 

two wen known CommunisU aeen faJrly frequently around 

Hlghblndcr in the early daya, 

Paul Crouch Rnd H. a. Roaa. were by tht~ time maJdn~ th• 

round!' of thf! congrenional 

committe• h tl& rIng •· Ltk~t 

11core!ll of ol hr.r profe~lon&l 

Communlf;UI t.hry werfl l'ingin,l' 

. their hMrl1111 out lnr }lay. Tbey ~ 

; -and Hortnn- wer~ lltU~pect 

· amnnJ:" tllft Cnmmunl111bl. 

In those years hard-co,.. 

Communists were trying to -infiltrllte the labor movement. 

just as they are trying t• 

infiltr011te the civil rig h t 1 1 movement todAy, and thia 

may account for the PreHnc• 

of such known Communlste· ae .Crouch and Ro .. at High· lander. 

Today -a ri!VIved Highlandf'r 

exists under a new na.me at 

KnoxviiJe. It has under way· 

training achoola for elvll 

rights workers and literacy eounes at batt • dozen •ite• acrou the South. And aoort . 

ft will come up With a Pro- cram tor Appalachian poverty ....... 

buildinc of the old Hicblander Folk School. • .... _.;_,- .... -_;. : •••• '. J ' • : 

, ___ .._ ~- ·-'---! ~ ·: . ··.;,. .. 
n 

\._ .'. 

() ' 

( 0 

& 

'' 

,_, C:llpplftt '" Sp ........ ,

. - . ' . • • 

'· r • ·: ' • .JP' t ;f ... ""'···,...-. I) 

·Defending the, 

Billboards '. .. W~~r , . I 

(lndlcot• paqe, bG'IIIe of 

newepaper, city ODd •tete., 

Page 3•B 

BK RASBVII.nl 

_'J1ENNESSIWI 

laahYille. ~enn••••• 

j :Hig 

~,=-----,--~ 

* * * 

A Council 

h la.nder . _ Co_m rrlun.ist~-, . . . ~ ' 

-~-.,------~;------'".....;_-:,-.._..;,_· .:.~t 

* '*. *- -~ 

Leader·•·; 

.. 

~-. 

! 

, Speaks His Piece 

.*. * * * * * 

' 

ALL INFORMATION ;oNTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLAS IFIED 

DATE Jij)/ffo B SPl/ ~ f.m 

r iPO~ (# 

"": .h·.P~,./~EDFORD EVANS.. , C onsuJtant, 'Cifi11r'n$' ··c,;-,,.~H ·'" ' 

"THERE'S such divinity doth hedge a king-", ~aid Shakespeare. Yet pretenden have 

fallen·:· Let us not be intimidated by a w.l.m& and an. 

image,· < 

In S~ptember 1857 lfartln HortOn and WIHlains- whltL 

Lutbel\, King was present at Hl~r~J&.;n,der and 8CEP' are jar .. · the Highla:oder Fofk School lett huttt~uttona wftb charact,.. 

In ltfonteagle, Tennessee, and .. rletlcally ambiguous relaUon·. •·u photographed by a.n &gent hi · lth th Co l.t. 

ot tl:-e G_f'orgi!l Commission on • JUJ. ~:Yf. • mmuft • 

.Education. Someone hu Uk· party .. •·• l .. .. .. _ .... . ;: Highlander Thill voup photograph bu 

I

.,.· ·.·-·;, wu a Communist tr&intn&" been ,,widely circulated for ~·'l achooJ-the photographer 'ln.s many ~yean:. IntUall7 It wu 

-'~~ a Communist &lao. Tbe an· del•~~~~ byl the Geocl .,... 

~ -"'~' awer }s t b at he probe.bly ouu,~on n a rcular -. ))use~ for one at the time. •bowtn• raclally Integrated. ac-

-~fuj. ~h~~:·x~J:'l!~r:~ .h: ~~ ~~:=:;, HJ .. :!.~:o ~ ~ ~71&.\~ making .a •peech. ~I I.Ud- •hhowecll It be!!~- & ; 

~:-k'f£->..;.J I th hi h t be t.-11 ev ·~ ear nl' In W.-uur, f1\r.-b:f" n ano e-r, • c wu 0 - ton. Tbouaanda of lette....-.. 

;;:,. , y3 ,. eom._ famous, King Ill Mated coplu-- have been 4lstrlbute4: ~.1:' l~ 'if:' .' Jn an audience wbloh Included by t.l)e NubvtHe CW..U': 

;-'!;;;?•"<_,.. 11.lso ~.J:!~.~.H,.orls,P.;I dlrec.tOI' of CouQCU. -~. . _1 

:, • · WHII•m,, !hen pr.eldtl\1:" In Billboard Form : .' , ,1 

.. ' 

.. 

..•. 

.. /,1~ -7$11 

l;NCLOSURE 

Dato• 7/2S/65 

EdJUODl 

Aoth•" DR. MEDFORD 'BVJ. 

Edllo"JOHN SEIG:E:ll'lHALI 

Tul•• #lt:.IIU,wb~/l. Fol.. $c('bo~.o 

's-c. Characte11 

or 

ClaoollleaUon• '/-.JY 

SubaltttliUJ Offle•1 PH 

'·: .--- J Hl~l'i'lander! lhe ate Aub~ , , · · , , .··_· .. 

·- ~---- u· t~_,~rn Conference Edu· . ·1 ;~~~_.-; -~ . -~- calion.aJ. .. Fund, Inc.: and Rec~~y It hu been Jlft"~ r·~.~::"-'~-~t-, n_er Bul'J'<I of the Central COm- pared 1ft biUboant. form b)' tH; . .- :~~ .~ . · 

_: :.;.· ~· -- -..... . et•t'--~ot the Commua.lst _CitlH_ n~·Councll :t 'd''·fc-•·. I I r7 -) A-, .

1 ' •:_ :,;'· party';,!/11.4- Benj ill a Nqro, efflee 111 lhruelio aad mode: 10 ~ ./ 

;~t:x:: -· .: ••. ,·.::;·~ :7t ':.'':~-:~·r:s:r~~6fi~::.}1:~w:.2lf't"'lt~t0Tf12§F~W§~¥?IY~:;~;~i?\~;'~c~::<>. ";:~~ · _,,. -· · · · -... _ .. 
. '·:':· 

'' ~-·· 

6~~~ ~ ;.-.,.....;~: -:"ii ~ . 

~ "': ~;.~1 ! 'fl'./. 

' :;!_~ 

':"' ,'"' ?:•.~- -~ 

.. "' •-.:.111 '-

• 

f'o.vallable lor general- J>Ublle III&IIUy white crouP lo not to,- el ptety, which ·tt inoy - ~ d=l p-7 ... ·-lfhft authenticity of malign a raee-eertalnly not lmt~lout~ to deface. 8' : rn• Pt..:: 

l the Pho.~~graph hM not Mrn I the Negro race, Incredibly, rector :r. Edgar Hoover hat~ a• i questioned. What hu. bef"n thla epokesman for the Nuh- R'Ood lm¥ft too. And etthu· 

' ~u~~~l~ed ~." f.!'* propriety of ville afea bu"lneu _ c~mmu.~t- MartJ!' Lutht:r Klnlf or :J. ll:cl·" 

pUDIIIUllnJ:" lt. Or, mon UJill'f· ' ty, In affecting to deplore the t:nr Hoover Ill a liar. A hard 

' ly, or diaplaytnK' It on a bill· ereatloH.'of ""Ill wtll," aays that eholcl!, ttut WI! have to taJre 

board,· f.m' eVI!n t~ut=b A. crith~ , the Citli.ens• Council btl'lloards one or the other. We ean"t· 

•" THE TENNESSEAN hu pub- , remind blm of the "era of ba. have both. Mr. Hoover called 

H111hed. It more than once M a tred •hteb ailtecl In Dallas Dr. KJng a l:lar. Therefore If 

1 . n~w11 photo. There Is a fine l before·· "President Xennedy'a Dr. King Ia not a liar, Mr. ~. Une there somewhere. I murder.""· The Chamber of Com· Hoover Is one. VJee Yera. If' f !~ ;a:r;;oral, tha erltlci iiFW !!!en:e'!! ~ tm~ lie b&fdly :Nr, Hoov~r !e not ~ !!er, t.'ten J like Hamlet when he aaid colng to be helped etther inl Dr. XIng la one. Yu, tt may M 

t "All .of which 1 molt power: Dallu ·or Tenneuee by that eR.Id, but do we have to talk 

fully •nd potently believe. but Jr.lnd of. ~mmoderate outburst. about Jt? Since Dot cmly our f I hold .tt" not honesty to have · (Editor'.• Note: The Cham- way of Ufe but ous: Jh>al mat ,. it thusdet down." · ber ~iclal quoted hu•-·"WDI be at atake, we Bhould. ~ 

,. Civic" Jeadere . are reported rs tsr~fo,. n:ecutln Yl~ pre•l· But It Deeds no blast from;' 

tIn the presa q deploring ex .. , en · • •" · 3. JDdg&l' Hoover to nJae quee-

;. blbiUon or tho blllho&rda, but Better. Balanced · , ~· about King's ""ro.clty, t Don• -- thallenge the authen· ; en the "IIJboa.rda tJnrt ap-

! tlclty ot the p b o t o g r a p b. Better balaneed le the com· peal"e4! In Lopisiana &Del AlaTher' 41eems to be little In· ment of the Metro Human R~ .barua. .:>r. 1Ctng wu quoted b1' ~ terest ·· Iii' whatever tn~th ts latione. Committee chairman, the A.l:soclated Prees u I&Yinl' 

t back of- the algn, but excited u quoted tn THE TENNES6EAptt of the Hlj:'hlander P'olk Behoot~ 

; ~o~cern '_'_for tt.a possli. !e _ ef· !! -~~!1~ ~! f~: ~~Lt?~~e~~-~ .. e~r~ ~,.-~~l,.1r e:_ac!z. a_:'.,• ~ h~ 1-.reet on lome eommere1&1 or. I recuy utal. no acuon cou1a of'! _, ___ ..._ ............................... ...., 

~political image. - taken ·to prevent display of the trah lned there It was mJghty 

I. ·•· •• bU1board1t without tnfrlngfngl a ort training." That the vtslt 

: Intemperate . ' the "right or free opetch Wider! oeemo to have been In liST, 

' ort · th IU 1 the flnt· amendment." Yet; tanrather than 11:51 a. Dot tmpor-- ~ en e er e 11m1 art~ u • - ~ · · , t, and there Ia 1110 neect_ to 

I Intemperate In atyle u they I this dignitary too deploru the . quibble over the probe.bDtt 

• ~.re l.rrelev~n!__to t_he Sl!b!tan· ~~~~·.:..,.~bJ~~- -:'!"'!_ .. ~~ ' ~kt _ !l luted ••exactly on!: ; 1.1Ve IIIII.U.e. A Oha.mber of com- ., ... VVA. v~•o::• ......... "" 'Wio .... • flour.- But uver&J thfngi. about merce otlielal falsely eharact- .trUe and teDSIOn In the eom-' thl11 atatement are 1m rt.a.nt• 

' f!rizes the Cltizen~t' Council u munlty.• i po ' 

~· .. cland.es.tine," and apeaks of (Edltor'a Note: The oftlelal .,; F'irtt. Kin.- dne11 not dl!nJ'' ~ "hooded Ku Klux Klanners." j quoted. ber• w a a Robert J. thllt the HlghJandP.r P'otk 

J 1'HE TENNESSEAN ot .June 13 Wamer Jr.) Rr.hool W1111 a communllt ~ contlnut-d. a front-page 1tory ; trainlnJ: center. · , •hnnt ta. N••hviU• hll1hn•M• Perhaps he he• not followed · ;~ t.;-pag;-S:~(-Wb;~e -th;-;;,~·~ 1

1 th_e care.r of Martin Luth~r: iecond, wh~~ot hfl dMIII dP.nY t Unu8Uon. ties under a photo- K1ng. King has alated that h1e i -which Is th&t he could have 

;;--1[1'aph ot a Klan g r 0 up In ltaslc method of operation Ia . neelved a aipifjcant amouDt ~ Natchez, M:isa. There t. no ; the development of "creative : of traJnlnE' tn the abort time 

i_ line between the picture of ; tension." And from the Mont·! he wu there-Is aomethln« ~ hooded o..men llit&ndtnc undP-r , gomery bua boycott of 19SI!i to which the billboard llh'er ~. one ot the nationally diatrib- the Selma m•rch of 1965 he; aald. It a&YI elmply, "llartln • uted bUiboanis and the iwo-- ha; don• a r.rrn•i"kabl• job vf Lut.l!ier K!ng :.t O;rn.munliit ~ column ··head ''Citizens' Coun- c,...ting tension. If you are Training School." He eould. 

! ell," which doee not !Delude against tension, It 11 hard to i have been then not to reeetve 

f ·the usual eateh line "'eontln- no how :rou c•n k for Mar- 1 training but to ~rive tt. Alloth- ~· uf'd from page one."' tin Luther King. er photograph exists, u Doted I The •ffect Ia that here , le It ahould be added thllt the ~ above, ehowinR' him at a .ort 

f a photograph of the Citizens' billboard• do af'rve another ot lectern. He could, of coune., 

Council ··In Nashville, Tenn.. and a very uaeful -purpoAe. have ctven a alplfleant leo-' 

when 'lt is actually a photo- whieh 111 the presentation of an ture In an hour. . ~ 

graph of the Klan In Natchez. Important filet about an 1m· · -) Mit~.·Tffta l1 etther very 1lopo .. portant man. The lawyen have Third---and moet lmporta.D't 

py make"\\p, or very good. Be a aylng, "Res lpaa loquitur,• -the aplrtt of Klng'a ostenal-: 

that ••· it may, the Council the thing apeaks for Itself. The bly facetious remark i• totally' 

and the Klan have no con· basta of Angla.Saxon justle•. misleading. However brief the~ nectiorr with each other. If the baallll of the doctrine of ~ime be ._pent at Monteagle, be· 

THE TENNESSEAN a n d t h • freedom of the presa, ta that 1 has eollabora.ted over a period 

Chamber of Comm1ree official clttzena ftlay jude• of and from of yean with the Highlander ~ Imagine that their own obvi· , facta. . · Jn•tltutlon. The followlq ap-

.\ ous Imputation of tUIH by •s· . pearecl in the New Tork· 

aoclation is merely paying the ' ·If the photocrapb 'of Martin Tim.ea of Feb. 23, lD&O uDder: 

Council in Its own kind, they i Luther Kl~ at Highlander the by-line of Claude Sitton: , 

may h•ve fall•d to rtflect .were fake, th• billboard• "'Atlanta, Feb. 22- The 

!~;·th;.~.~~-. t::nr;;i:=;;:,c:~ l r:~.~eeolr·.::::- :.m:u: • .:: ~::~::er:c~:!~u:. ~~~=: ; •tand•·.under one of its signs or Ita meanlnc, not avoided P.J' Folk lk:hool have joined' 

' to be photographed. Martin with • abudder. U Interpret&· force• to train Ne~;ro leaden· . Luther King certaIn 1 y did tloua vary, let the dlapute 1'0 fnr the civil rights atrunte.: ~ have control over wheth•r -he OD. Nothing Ia &alned blf tear- The J)J'Ogram wu diaeiOHd 

went to a Communist training tul or obltlnate alienee. Not here by eonfere.nee headquaraehool or not. !~~-~ ~~~~nl~-~~ ~!'~~-~!- tera. The eoDference Ia made ~ Tb• Chambt!r of Commerce I QU\111 10" UJe lutun~ 01 Amen- up of varloue anti-segregation man ill ILl &haunt u he I• pom• ca than the retuctan.ee of lead- ~ups and Ia beaded by the : poua when he dellvera the die- en to face fat:tl. · Rev. Dr. Martin Luther KiD« 

tum, ''No good ean ever eome 1 . · f p• ty ·~ • . 3r. A. coafere11ce epoltumaa. : trom mo.llplug a nco through mage 0 18 nl4 eleven Negroes bad juot, 

l_ one of lt.l leaden." Of course, · Not that It Ia pieuant to completed a weelt'a tratniDc 

l tr he·,; Martin Lather Kine . : fa"Ce· all the fac:tJ aboUt Dr. eourae at Highlander. Allotb-, 

(.-latiD ... with. &_~predomi-,J-llt}n.-•. Tbo . ....., It&!_ o.n lmqo er cluo of tltteen or mon . will be beld In a u 

,-

•··· 
,..,.,..._ ""' 

:·_.: -~-

.. - :,- ' 

~ .·::-;, 

... 

.·-: < ~--~ ._;;,~--:-;'_,- -:: ~- i-~ 

-= ___ ~: _;: -)~-L.:-~- '.~-. .--;/:~~x; <;~;;;.-~ J;~ ;_ :c 

.. 

c 

; t._-··~.J!.Z:WU. . • g -'-,l:-e~r~K~g~~e-=~~':I :.t!u~!C::~ ~"CflC-~ : ~ Dr. Medford EvaJU i• a paJd consultant for back of the concern over tbe the Roaenberga of wartime·_, 

·. . the national office of the Citizena' Council. In blllbo&Tda, ta the beale qu011- .. pion-. ,.., ... cue beeame:1 ·~· tht'o letter to THE NASlMLLE TENNESSE • •• he tlon of the nature of hl$ rela- : Communist eaue cetC!:hrt. ·, Al-. tlon!!hlp with communllm. The nother petition alp.ed bv_ . , defenda the council'• billboard attacks on Mar• liberal attitude oeema to be King urged • pardon for .luu. l 

U t" L th K" d def d the poli • 1 of that thl11 quutlon mul'lt not tu• Seales, the North Cat'OIIna I' an u er •nc, an en • cte ~ ral"ed, much Jealll annrered. '8Communlst vJolator of thft': 

t .... th-~ ~c· ~ou,. neil._" Thf! thoughtful and fntonned mJtb Act ThJa JaiDrmatJon ·; cltlzt!n, howe\>'er, cannot avoid r,!Bl cal rried In the Auguat !Li, : raising tt. Anthony Lew1111 .,11 4 ..,Soc uue of '"}!few America. .. ' 

Ia aituated In the: CUmbf!rland Jtorted tn the: New York • lallat pubUcaUon. · 

Mountains bear Monteagle, 'rimu Nov. 20. 1964. ''lt wu Fo • p J' 

Tenn.. between ChattanoO,I:"II. ltJlrned today that Mr. Hocwer reign 0 Icy _I 

and Nuhvllle. It Ia headed by 11.lso ha.,d R&ld durlna' the In- Aa to -IIUpport. of the Com~~ Myles Horlon and hu ~en in- i terview -In w h l c h he had muntst Jtne on foreign. policy 

vOlved In .everal conlrovr-r- 1 ealled King the most notoriou• the VPI reported on Oct.obeT. 

aif'.ll because n( thf! pollticJLll liar In the country-"'that Dr. 10, 1961 that KJng had 111' d' 

affiliation"' o( perwon• ctJn- .I King ,had Communillt connec- lld.rnlulon of Red China to fhe . Df!cted wfth Jt• tiona. Mr. Hoover d.Jd not, United Natlone. and Allen and: 

Then TimeR rt!portu Sitt,n . apecity the conneeUoDI!I, but It Scott reported Jn early Decem .eems unlikely that he wu her 1164 that kin• had wtred: 

Wfl!nl on to say, "Somf! obauv- D!,~~~g .. It __ all up,. 8:fid eome President Joh ... oo"to. 4.,. ..... us said i.he aiiUlatlun ur Dr. 01 K! • · - -· ng 1 ..... o ... muntst con nee- A halt to aid to cOngol - - -Pr· - • 

King'p; organization w :It h tiona can be •:rifled from tnler Molao -h booee"Kf a- · Hi ... hlander raised ~~;erlou!! th"' public reco · ... ,. om . arr . " f · th - · r · •ent th'· fo•c f I • • que1Uona ot preltiJII or e · • • e u me~e. t 

eonferenee. They contended His Associates Rid the columnlltl, •after the ': 

that beeau11e of the delicacy of Prf!lldent authorized. the un . 

1 the racial -problem and High- His penonaJ and profa- af U.S. plane• to drop Belgtan -~ 

lander's eontroverelal •tatu1, elonal usoclaUona have In- p&ratroopen On StaD.Jentne ; 

Jt would be difficult now for eluded Bua-cd.-RusUa. Hwdcc to re~~:cue hundreds of whit.. 

Southern whitea of liberal or Pitt& o•neu, •fiu .Tack H. hostages fa rebeJ ha.adL•Then 

modera.te pereuaaion to deal; 0'1:>~_11, ·and ~rl Br:f«en~l ba'"- been -rew elearer cholcu ·t 

with the conference." The ac- Important figuriiln £he Com- between Communist.: and anticuracy of thts. estimate of munl5t movement In thl1 coun- Communlsta tb&D that 'N-o J 

Southern white!! of liberal or try.. More famous Communist tween the StanleyvtUe '"rebels" ' 

Dr. Medford Evana moderate perauuton mav be uaoclate• of King are Ahtn_c!ir and Tshombe. klnc-choa:e tbe I 

questioned but there la no Ben Berra. the tonner dreta.tor Communilta. . · Quotes Shake_1peor• question that Dr. Ktng'l uso-- Gf ... Afgma.. and Kwame Nk.ru- I ~ ·----· · -· ---- elation wtth Hlchlandu baJII mah. thf! "'SaviMn"' ... bf·Ghana. THE •fl~la 1

•pu• Jn ~ not beep a brief or trtvtal af-, Wh1m Nkrumah 'WU lnBtelled eumtng u I -te· th( to.ml bu-l ·1 , faJr · at the helm in Accra. King- ...... a • a 1 

!: Th. 0 oc:hool at ~ont-· ... •- WAs therr: on the platform get iL) I have not used much ~ ' ... ~-"'" wfth • hf111 friend. When Ben of tt to. defend the Clt.J.uzu <; 

~ was/closed down ehorUy after Bella came to the United Counctl. Actually. I thought~ 

t the above dispatch appeared, Statu tn October 1962, he saw your attack OD aa lacked lu8- ,_. but aeUvtty continued from John Kennedy in the Whllll ter. You raised a little doubt.-

; an address in Knoxville caiiPd Hou1e and Martin Luthrr ae to whether I really have a 1 ~ "'Highlander _Center." An ap- Kltlg In the Barelay hotel 1D Ph.D. from Yale... I cto. but I•! 

t' peal for fananclal eupport Hew York. To IJhow the peck- don't -. that Jt matten ••rr . elgned tty Kyles Horton under Ina' nnh;r, Iter hap 1111, Kina- much, .; ._ d~&.te of May U, 1063 ape.aks--=- ,__ - ·--- - Wh 1 1 · h l ·_ ---u-.-nu -• ........ 'l.:fl ... ht,...,tt .. rlr:hanl!'ed the tlme of hla a'P" at mat en marw 1 tat_· : ld:~"iike u; Pb~e;;i;···;.·;rn~ I J,Oih-iment with Ben Bella, and you negiec:ied the aubsiance1 1 from the ashes" and claim11 the latter accepted the chang"!. of Dr. Henry Garrett'• lmpor· '.1 aa part of the Highlander nro- 1 My aource J8 the Harlem t:dl- t1nt re"larks en .,. ... lbality .. 

;.··. Jttam "'the Cttlzenahl'p Sehoot!ll ltion of the Pittsburgh Couner. of Race. You know, the race ~ 

1 now beinl' 1prea4 throughout On points, King eeems 1ur-- controversy in this count.,- at· 

) ' thf! South by Dr. Marlin Lup thtr ahead of Ben Bella today present could •retty well H ~ 

~\ ther KinR"'• Southern Cbrie- than ever. aummecl up b~ the questions~ i 

tlan Lead.enhip Conference . king makes no Hc:ret ;,f hia Do Negroes ex11tf and, Should ~ and •tudent etvil 11~rhts or- admiration -tor leaden rounrt 1

theyt Ashley Manto~gue lays,. 

«anlzaUona." The letterhead th• world in the so·c111ed, No, they tlon't exiat, ""t 

ca.rrlu the 11am• of "'Rev. '"w•rs of nation•l liberation, •1rully; it'l all in your mlncl.: 

Martin Luther King Jr."' aal with which ihe .. Negro revolu-.. L~ndon John ton .. ya. ThaJ do j 

''· one of the '"Htghlandet" Sronp tlon" in the United Ststaa ma)' ex11t, but they MDht net to.~ t aors... ' be cl•asecl. It i1 so clanod b,. The Citizen•' Council aays they, t.' Just how derogatory the thi C&mim;niitl:. That :: why d~ exJ:t. e1!d tht7 ou;ht to~ ~ Highl•nder association may they lupport lt. It Is so clo~~~llsed continua to e•l•t. Dr. Ga,.,.t ~ 

_ be to Dr. King rema-Ins a -m•t· by the Citluns' Council. That 

1

-supported the firat ef t...._ 

I ter of opinion, but what Ul ac· It why we epposa it. p~poaitiont wh.h w.ieht of. f. cords with the saintly Image Beald~• _ his u~oelatlon!ll- ••c•entlflc e vIde n e • 1 whole . !t of hJm b that he hlmnlf find tholl~ 'With Jtu&tln 11.n·l Americ•n t_r1clition aupports ,· should undertake to contract O'Dell could well be the 11uh- the aecond with rapect ,.,. f t• ona hour •n ... oel•tion jPd nf a 11epar11.tf!l article- human diverelt7. : which on the record Is spre•d King· haw put into "thf' ftlf!" " Your chief cornptalnt agalnirl ~' ever five or elx Y••ra. and to record of elgnlnJt Comrnun'.Jit us eeeme to be our "air of .. minimize. the Importance of pettt1on11 and eupporttng the aecrecy." We Juat have that 

' that a .. ocJaUon when on the Communbt line on Jrri.porte.nt air, don't we! But really )OU f nacord It Involved coli• bore· taeues of foreign 'POlley. The •ucaut ao aecnta darker than 

r· the top eehelon eft Communl.t "Worker'' of Nov •. the number ot our J!""hers, ~o-.P'!I!cJ and ,....,...,_; . ·· 2'1, lMO JR,ted ~'\J U, IIC1>Uand ~o ldoDUIJ nt IHMdual'a. 
• 

~hom we uk to .sn_JOtDJ:· 

tJ'h-.g ·a~eneral area of . • mini.!!ltraUve reticence which 

1We at,are with the NAACP and 

with Dr. King'• own SCLC. Be1fore me aa I write 1a a copy 

of a plea on Martin Luther 

.klng'a personal letterhead for 

hl1 clear friends to eend checks 

:payable to the SCLC. For their 

·.convenience a bualneY.repJy , envelope was enclosed, and on ,the revers'! aide under the flap there was apace for four, names and addresae~. with thg 

heading: "I RUgbeat that you 

aend your appeal t.o the f•l~· 

lowing persona wlt.hout men- tioning nty nanu~." SomP. nf 

thne te~hniquea are ju,;t about 

untvu11al, aren't lhr-y? 

-. 
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, Myleo Horton, richt, ceotureo aa he anowero a queation durinc the 1959 

i. invml.lation of tll:a'hlander Folk School. _At left io Horton'• attorney, Jor.; 

l.a~ :ilC)ke~ ~~~~·: ... ~ <~ • ..-c ... __ · . - ·· _ ·'· ; . .:,.~ ....... ., -~c,..;; 
• 

•-<.Pa u·-.. ~65)• -· . 

II 

, 

. .. Domestic Intelligence Division 

IN FORMATIVE NOTE 

Dote --=:--==_:::.;::... 10-18-65 __ _ 

Attached reports information recei 

ed from State Commission on Human 

Rights, Nashville, Tennessee, to effect 

that swastika stickers had been placed 

on windows of Highlander Research and 

.Education Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, 

and that other acts of vandalism 

The Highlander Research and 

tion Center is a very controversial - school because of its inter-racial 

character. It is not under investiga and Knoxville was previously instructed 

not to make any investigation of school 

or individuals connected with it. 

Since local authorities are conducting investigation and are aware of 

complaints from Human Rights Commission 

and in absence of indication of Federal 

violation, no investigation being 

by the Bureau. 

Information in attached will be 

furnished to the Civil Rights Division. 
4-750 (2-7-791 ( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) A--1 c_ ', ,..!- 1 D 

material available for release to you. / -

with no segregable 

D 

0 

0 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following government agency(iesl. -------------

------------------, was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pa!,'e(s) referred for consultation to the following government agency(ies); ----------

---------------as the infonnation originated with them. You will 

IJe advised of availability upon return of the materia} to the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following reason(s): 

['l 'For your infonnation: 

~he follow. i~ number is to be used for reference regarding these pages: 

_l2L-:_L5J 1- 3 I ;L. 

X'ZXXXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

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I} DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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.... -: 

-~\.:~1£~ . .,._.;·~~'1 

0.,_._,__;~ ~ :~\~ .-~ ·~;::.-;.-y~ 

• FD-36 (Rev. S-22-64) , .. .'( 

; 

• 

Transmit the lollowinq in 

Via ___ A_IR_T_E_L ___ _ 

ftu 

------~-----------------------~~---~ 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI 

FROM: SAC, JQJOXVILLE 

.,HIGHLANpEB BEijEh~H AND 

tru[CATION CENTER 

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

CONCERNING 

(61-12) 

Re Knoxville teletype 10/18/65~ 

Bureau (Ene. - - Knoxville 

i:~:·-~ .·.-tf."f*7 

,~(f+~o.! Aotlfo~l< 

--- '. 
. ~.: ... •-. 

•. 

~ '~: ... ;. -. 

. :• . --- .. ' . . 

·~-~--·~~.;;.;;-.:..: . L ':..-' ~.:r-4.,.~ ,,.. 

'l'he Bureau la aware is a · · · very controveralal subject in Knoxville .area feeling .•· 

against thia school is so strong that; any . or any 

group of individuals ·could be responsible above acts.~- ·'- ·' 

Bureau has previously instructed the Knoxville Office to make 

no investigation concerning Highlander or individuals connected 

with the school. .'l'his •chool 1a continually receiving :/~< >···'~·· 

unfavorable press publicity by one C?f the l()Calpapers., ~(). ,,,~ •. ,.,. have alleged Communiat"·connectlons .... --,~· . .., ~: .••. · .. -,.···•:'-·' ,, .... · ·· ·. ,,.. .... •.~·. ·· 

-· 

.' .- ~- _ •.f .. ~-

~-· ~- . ~ 

No investigation is being conducted by the Knoxville 
I 

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FD-37~ (3-B-f.S) G· , () UNI'{~::~ STATES DEPARTMENT OF Jtf):CE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

In &pl;y, P,__ Rof•"' 

FikNo. 

Chief 

United States Secret Service 

Department of the Treasury 

Washington, D. C. 20220 

Dear Sir: 

".lSBIIfGTOif, D.C. IOUS 

October 19, 1965 

. "'.-: ' ..:..., ' ' 

~UV·i..l~t.fl•i ~I 

The information furnished herewith concerns an individual who is believed to be 

covered by the agreement between the FBI and Secret Service concerning Presidential protection, and to fall within the category or categories checked. 

1. D Has attempted or threatened bodily harm to any government official or employee, 

mciuding foreign government officials residing in or planning an imminent visit to the 

U. S., because of his official status. ' 

2. 0 Has attempted or threatened to redress a grievance against any public official by other 

than legal means. 

3. D Because of background is potentially dangerous; or has been identified as member or 

pui"ticipant in communist movement; or has been under active investigation as member 

of other group or organization inimical to U. S. 

4. D U. S. citizens or residents who defect from the U. S. to countries in tbe Soviet or 

Chinese Communist blocs and return. 

5. · XJ Subversives, ultrarightists, racists and fascists who meet one or more of the following 

criteria: 

(a) D Evidence of emotional instability (including unstable residence and 

employment record) or irrational or suicidal behavior: 

(bl D Expressions of strong or violent anti-U. S. sentiment; 

(c) ~Prior acts (including arrests or convictions) or conduct or statementa 

indicating a propensity for violence and antipathy toward good order 

and government: 

6. [:::'Individuals involved in illegal bombing or illegal bomb-making. 

Photograph D has been furnished D enclosed D is not available 

D may be available through --------------------------

1- ~p<cc-ie! Agent in Charge (Enclosure(s)-2) (RM) 

U. S. Secret Service, Nashville, Tennessee 

Enclosure( s) tVpon removal of classified ~nclosures, i( any. thi£ transmittal form 

become..!' UNCLASSIFIED.! 
4~ 750 (2-7~i9) I 

( i 1 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in th<• fill-. One or morP of the following statements, where 

indicated. exolain this deletion. 

~Deleted uncle: exemption(s) 0__zc;; _.j ']_}:? ______ with no segregable 

material available for rcleast• to .\·ou. 

f!!frnmation pertained only to a third party with no rt-fPrc•ncP to .\·ou or the subject of your request. 

:__~ IniOnnation pertained only to a third part~. Your naritl' i~ listvd in tht· title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following gon.>mnwnt agPnc\·(jp~) • 

__________ " _______________ , was/W('ff' forwarded to thPm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thP following go\'(·rnmcnt agl~ncy(icsl; 

_____ as thP inf{muation originated with them. You will 

ov advised of availabilit:-.: upon rPtum of Uw matcnal to th(_• FBI. 

i \-:~gc•\ s) withheld for the follmving reason( s l: 

--~~~-~------ -------~ ---------~~~~~~~~-

--1 For vour infonnation: 

/ 

:-;=-_5 T!tp following numbe{ is to lX' usud for n•fC'rPfl{'P rq~mling tlwsc pagps: 

/ ! - 17 -.:- J - ~ l -:::2, ~. u ~~ J , ...... , • -- _1__,....,7_-~o:;....<, __ ·_r-~----~-- -~------------

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FBI/OOJ 
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f 

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t-· . - <"- -:; 

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n 

\.:..' 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

( 

' 

A 

v 

KX T-2 advised that LOUIS BUDENZ,admitted former editor 

of the "Daily Worker", an East Coast Communist newspaper, and 

former official of the Communist Party, advised on November 21, 

1952, that the Highlander Folk School was pro-Communist. BUDENZ 

did not give further details regarding this school • 

The October 8, 1961, issue of The Knoxville News-Sentinel, 

a local daily newspaper published at Knoxville, Tennessee, contained 

an article reflecting the Highlander Folk School had announced plana 

for a similar school at Knoxville to be located at 1625 Riverside 

-2-
·. "' '. 

1', : .:• .• 

,.· 

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//1c:-

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

Drive. The article identified,MYLES HORTON as Director of 

Highlander. 

Tne December ~,, ~~b~, issue of The Knoxville NewsSentinel contained an article reflecting that on December"16, 

1961, assets of Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, 

were auctioned by the State of Tennessee under a court decree 

after the school was convicted of violating three Tennessee 

laws and failed in appeals to the State and United States Supreme 

Courts. 

The July 8, 1962, issue of The Knoxville News-Sentinel 

contained an article reflecting the land on which Highlander Folk 

School was formerly located had been sold at public auction under 

court decree. The article stated that MYLES HORTON, Director 

of Highlander, during its entire existence, has moved to 

Knoxville, Tennessee, and has been granted a State Charter for 

an organization called Highlander Res~ch and EducationAl 

Center. 

On November 16, 1961, Office 

of Secretary of State, State of re.nrleiiSlee, 

made available records which reflect that a charter of 

incorporation for the Highlander Research and Education 

Inc., was certified by the Secretary of State on August ' 

Center, 

28, 1961. 

It is noted that a letterhead stationery of the 

organization also carries the name as the Highlander Education 

and Research Center. 

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions 

of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your 

agency: it and its contents are not to be distributed outside 

your agency. 

-3-
~' '~· ' . 

~· ·._: .·• : ... :~~-~ .'.-' ,. ··:: ·: .. , ., .. _,. ,' .~-~ 

·• ' ', . ~· 

.,· :· .. :::.·," 

. 

. 

I iii~~ 

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(~~*~~ 

I 

. - .. 

. '-' ....... .:.... --~ 

j 

I 

UN~c}l STATES DEPARTM~NT OF Jty'ICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

October 19, 1965 

Title 

Character 

Reference 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

CONCERNDIG 

Letterhead memorandum, captioned 

as above, dated October 19, 1965. 

All sources (except any listed below) Whose identities 

are concealed in referenced communication have furnished reliable 

information in the past. 

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of 

the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and .is. lo.aned to your 

aqency: it and its contents are not to be distributed outside 

your agency • 
·, ..... 

·( 

·' 

c_.,_' .. (' "/· 

AGENCY: ACSI, ONI, OSl 

Dt;:PT: 15D, 

.... _. 

fBI 

DATE ror.w =-~---~~~~;;'1 - .... v_,; 

BOW FORW: ---..,.-.Lf-':71:;1"' 

11/5/65 

, ~ I . • 

r .... ~ ~~·- 1 .. -; '•;..l• ·~ l & I ' .. • J- . • ,. - cc ec "LBlf ... ' · .: ' ., ' 

808 RB 

I 

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Urill{> STATES DEPARTMENT Ol< J'-.{)ICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INXESTIGATION 

I• R<ply, Pt-.. R<j..-"' 

FikNo. 

WA.SBINCTON, D.C. 

November 5, 

20535 

1965 

Chief 

United States Secret Service 

Department of the Treasury 

Washington, D. C. 20220 

Dear Sir: 

The information furnished herewith concerns an individual who is believed to be 

covered by the agreement between the FBI and Secret Service concerning Presidential protection, and to fall within the category or categories checked. 

I. D Has attempted or threatened bodily harm to any government official or employee, 

including foreign government officials residing in or planning an imminent visit to the 

U. S., because of his official status. 

2. D Has attempted or threatened to redress a grievance against any public official by other 

than legal means. 

3. D Because of background is potentially dangerous; or lras been identified as member or 

participant in communist movPment; or has been under active investigation as member 

of other group or organization inimical to U. S. 

4. D U. S. citizens or residents who defect from the U. S. to countries in the Soviet or 

Chinese Communist blocs and return • 

5. :JU Subversives, ultrarightists, racists and fascists who meet one or more of the following 

criteria: 

(a) D Evidence of emotional instability (including unstable residence and 

employment record) or irrational or suicidal behavior: 

(b) D Expressions of strong or violent anti-U. S. sentiment; 

(c) ~Prior acts (including arrests or convictions) or conduct or statements 

indicating a propensity for violence and antipathy toward good order 

and government. 

ti. D Individuals involved in illegal bombing or illegal bomb-making • 

Photograph D has been furnished D enclosed D is not available 

[_j may be available through --------------------------

Very truly yours, 

1- Special Agent in Charge <Enclosure(s) -2) 

U. S. Secret Service, Nashville, Tennessee 

: :.;,: losure(s) (Upon removal o( classified enclosures, i( any, tl>it transmittal form 

becomes UNCLAS81FIED.J 

-:T.}JJ~;:dssf_xl_f_§_:_~_._ti~l~)J~l~?~~~~~!X}Tt~-~~-~:~t·--- ·, :, · ~-~--- .. . - -". ·.' ' . ·<. .• - ,. ; ~ ', •: ··' ... :. ·.: ·, __ ·.;, .- ,, ·. 
_L 

( ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION 

FDIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at thi' location in the· file. Om• or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this ddetion. 

clnc•letc·d under exemption(s) ~_l __ C_,;_ __ .,f '/ p __ _ with no segregable 

~-] 

,-

' ' 

r1atenal available for releasP to :vou. / 

ln1:1rm:ltion pertained only to a third party with no rPf0rcnce to you or the subject of your request. 

lnfonnation pertained only to a third parts. Your namP is listpd in the title only. 

Dncument<s) originating with the following govcmn]('nt agenc~·(jc~) • 

_________ -----------~ , was/W('fl' forwarded to th('m for direct response to you. 

} 'a_g-t •( s) referred for consultation to thP following govcrnmPn t agency( ies); 

as thL· information originated with them. You will 

>A' diJ\.J:·l·Li ul avatiability upon return of th(_• matt•rial to thL' FBI. 

~)a~~-(~! \I. 1thheld for the following reason\~ 1: 

• •· r .. \ 'iUr infonnation: 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<Sl X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE * 

X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBl/OOJ 
·· .. .:·. 

.. \' .· . ' . ~. . .... ..; ~ ... _. ., :'. :· . . ' - >. _._:~ __ ,.;.. ;..,._,:.,;'_ .. ;;.·.::,;:..:.:.:.;~.:u·· ..:.....~~ 

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I#IJ·.·•. 

1 

KX T-~advised that LOUIS BUDEN~ admitted foimer ~ditor 

of the "Daily Worker", and East Coast Communist newspaper, and 

former official of the Communist Party, advised on November 21, 

1952, that the Highlander Folk School was pro-Communist. BUDENZ 

did not give further details regarding this school. 

The October 8, 1961, issue of The Knoxville News-Sentinel, 

a local daily newspaper published at Knoxville, TenA§ssee, contained 

an article reflecting the Highlander FOlk S£49 1 d announced 

plans for a similarschool \l't'"Khoxvlile to'be · ated at 1625 ~iverside Drive. The article identified KYLE 1

HORTON as Director 

of Highlander. 

The December 17, 1961, issue of The Knoxville NewsSentinel contained an article reflecting that on December 16, 

1961, assets for Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee, 

were auctioned by the State of Tennessee under a court decree 

after the school was convicted of violating three Tennessee laws 

and failed in appeals to the State and United States Supreme 

Courts. 

The July 8, 1962, issue of The Knoxville News-Sentinel 

contained an article reflecting the land on which Highlander Folk 

School was formerly located had been sold at public auction under 

-2-
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~ 

~.·.~~.~~-. -.'' ~.;r .. ,· 

-,-~,: ... _,• ~ 

~- ;. 

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court decree. The article stated that MYLES HORTON, Director of 

Highlander; during its entire existence; has moved to ¥~oxv!lle, 

Tenn.essee, and has been granted a State Charter for an organization 

called Highlander Research and Educational Center. 

On November 16, 1961, ice 

of Secretary of State, State of , e, , made available records which reflect that a charter of incorporation for the Highla~der Research and Education Center, Inc., was 

certifiul by the S;;;cretary of State on August 28, 1961. 

It is noted that a letterhead stationery of the 

organizatio,:l also carries the name ae the Highlander Education 

and Research Center. 

Source~ of this Bureau wbole 

identities are cvnceiled bi. 

this dcx:ument have fW'IIiahed 

reliAble Information in the put 

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of 

I

. F "' i '' is the property of the F. B. I. and is loaned to your ne . ""'· . . ' ., ncy · · .. ; '., contents lire not to be f'l;otci':1uted cutsk!e your agency a~e , .. v ...• , > 

-3-
,-.,_ .. 

,, 

. ' . I 

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. I 

•. 

-... · t . . - . ~ 1 ., 

.I 

I FBI 

I • .. Date: I 

-,-. :;.,., ..-_-t jl'!'' • ,, ' 

12/7/65 . ' . .., - ... • t ... -- . --~::-.~. ·_ .... _~ 

.. -----------------------------~----

/ 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI .. ·. _. .. 

FROM: SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) 

c:JHIGHLANDER R~EARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER 

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION CONCERNING 

En~losed herewith are the 'original and seven .· · ·,_ 

copies of a letterhead memorandum bearing the above. 

caption. Copies have been disseminated locally to · 

Army Intelligence authorities. ' ~-- · · · , •· ··• 

1-J .f7p 

. l Sources used to describe Highlander Researqq 

and Education Center are: · · . ~ 

11 

~f. .. 7-l . . . . . ~L · · ..... T-2 is the House of Representatives Selec~ ~. 

Committee to• Investigate Funds and Other Organizations, ~ ;' 

1 I which committee advised the Bureau by memorandum retlec~ng 

" 1 interviews with various witnesses, including LOUIS euDENH . . ~ t: l 1 ,'!'he Bureau furnished copies of this memorandum to tite New 

~- ~- _i I York Office by letter dated 2/24/53 entitled "Use of .~· 

, t :. I )3enevolent Trust Funds, Philanthropic and Eleemosynary "'f 

; ~-- f;· ~ I ~s:r~~~ions to Implement the Progress of Subversive Groups; 

•· .~ ~ M ~~ c ~- .... ~-< • is -~~ti1~ 

Bureau (Enc .• __ -8) ~ it 

Knoxville _ ~o~?~. • : · .17~ .cyp . . ~ <!, ''\~~(··\!' U 

..--. __ ~ nfii•'E · · ~.1 _ .-C,. . "'·* I ... ,..... r ~ , '1 

510 

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,. ' ·. ' . . ._ . 

' ·o . c 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JtJSTICE 

\ 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

December 7, 1965 

... 

.. .;, i:. •• .,: •'l' • .... .. ... 

EDUCA'l'ION CENTER 

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

CONCERNING 

The Knoxville Journal, a daily newspaper, Knoxville, 

Tennessee, on Nove~er 20, 1965, contained an article stating 

that a fire, apparently deliberately·set, heavily damaged the 

front portion of the.Appalachian Political Action Center, 

511 Clinch Avenue, Knoxville. 

On December 7, 1965, ... was furnished the ai>ove • t= • 

.. · .. •., 

(pj-15 11-- 31.5 

ENCLOSURE 
' , . ..._;,\·. ;..•, -.. ·. •':;: ., ;:. 

~~_::;\:;_::::: 

\ ··' '! "• 

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·. ,. ' 

:-· . . , 

F1. 

~ 

·· .. ·.· 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER---

. ··:· 

I<X T-2, who has furnished reliable infcn::!ation in the 

past, advised that LOUIS BUDEN~a&nitted former ~ditor of the 

"n2 i ly Worker", an East Coast Communist Hc.;spap<'r, and former 

official of the Communist Party, advised on November 21, 1952, 

that the Highlander Folk School was pro-Cc·r.ununist. BUDENZ ....:~.:...::~ _,....._ _.,:.,.,._ & •• _.._,__,..._ ~ ............ .,:, _ _ ,......,..,..,.....:;~.,:.,..,.. -1·1-..;:e r.~'hn,.,1 

U.LU 1.1.\Jl.. Y.LVC::: .L""L '-lJc;'.L \,.u:=·~Q.L.L.O .L .:;::;':Ja.r.. U.L~&'::f 'l.oJ..t.._iOJ g.,_u._,...,.._. 

I ' 

The October 8, 1961, issue of The Knoxville News--SentinE' 

a local daily newspaper published at KnoxV-ille, T.r..·r~~ee, contained an article reflecting the Highlander Folk School had 

announced plans for a si~~lar school at Knoxville to be located 

at 1625 Riverside Drive. The article identified MYLES HORTON 

as Director of Highlander. 

The Det:ernber 17, l96!i it~zue of ·rhe 1<'~:(.::.--~viJ J (~;! News-

.?<>Jlj:_inel contained an article reflecting that on DecE:rnber 16, 

1961, assets of Highlander Folk School, Honteaglo;, Tennessee, 

were auctioned by the State of Tennessee ur-der a court decree 

.;.fter the school was convicted of violat:ing three Tennessee 

laws and failed in appeals to the State ar.d Ur.ited States 

.:.>upreme Courts. 

The July 8, 1962, issue of Tt_r,: Knoxville News-Sent~neJ 

contained an article reflecting the land on which Highlander 

Folk School was formerly located had been sold at public auct~on 

under court decree. The article stated that MYLr~ HORTON, 

Director of Highlander, during its entire exi.stc:1ce, has moved to 

Knoxville, Tennessee, and has been grante:'i a Stat.:" Charter for 

urC)anization called Highlander Research a::d Education& 

L.eHt:.er. 

-2-
-· ., ·. \' .. , .. , 

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• • 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

• 

On Noverr.b~?r 16, 1961, Office 

of Secretary of State, State of , made available recc:rils which reflect that a charter 

incorporation for the Highlander Research and Educaticr• Center, 

Inc., was certified hy the Secretary of State on Augu~t 28, 1961. 

It is nob:·-d that a letterbccd stationery of the 

organization alsc: cc..!.~ries the name as the Highlander E'.Jucation 

and Research Centrr • 

This document contains neither recol!l!C,endations nor conclusions 

of the FBI. It i~ the property of the FBI and is loaned to 

your agencyr it and its contents are not to be distributed 

outside your agency. 

-3-
.. .... 

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t"~ ~~,.. ., <. 

.. 

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L.;;.._,~ r;'c -~ 

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. ' .-·---

Optional Form No, 10 

UNITrDSfATES GOVERNMENT 

MEMORANDUM 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI 

• 

FROMK:!'fct~ SAVA:t."NAH DATE: 3/18/66 

RE: HIGHLANDER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER 

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

oUFILE NO: 61-7511 

SAVANNAH FILE NO: 100-5125 

COLUMBIA FILE NO: 

Due to the opening of the Columbia Office, the 

following action is being taken in the captioned matter: 

A. LOCATION OF FILE 

B. 

GJ- Bureau 

1. ( x) Entire file transferred to Columbia herewith. 

2. ( ) File transferred to Columbia except one copy 

of following serials retained at Savannah: 

3, ( ) File retained at Savannah but one copy of the 

following serials transferred to Columbia. · 

OFFICE OF ORIGIN 

( ) Savannah 

( x) Columbia 

( ) 

C, STATUS 

( ) Pending 

(x) RUC to Columbia 

( · ) ~losed to Columbia 

C.l 7~-1/- - N"o..;...Tr-..R-E,..c,..on:R,.,oM'E"""'fl 

1 - Columbia · (Enc. 1) 

l - Savannah ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

'2 MAR 21 1966 

(3) eoi:Jn 

241966 

HEREI~i~s~r~CLASSIFIED . ~ - - DATE BY ctPRmDJ /j} J,/' dm ~Ul~ "' .... ~,, .... ·-·""'""""··.::-:,.,:-.-:-, -
4-750 (2-7-791 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thc file. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~Deleted under exemption(s) .A 2_ V -·-- _______________ with no segregable 

material available for releasc to ~-0\I. 

0 [nfonnation pertained onlv to a third part~- witb no rdf>rPnee to :-.'OU or the subject of your request 

0 Information pertained only to a third part~-. Your ncw;u is J istud in the title only. 

D Document(s) originating with the following gnvenmwnt ag('llC"\(it•s). -------------

- _____ , wa~/w\•n• forwardPd t() them for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thL• following gon•rnnwnt agl'HL·yfiesl; 

_________ _ ____ a~ the infiJnn<ltion originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon rPtum of the rnatPnal to thl' FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the follm'l-'illg Tl'asnn( :-; ): 

0 'Fur your infonnation: ____________ _ 

vvvvv··.: 

.-.n;~,,..,.,~,.. 

~xxxxx 

XXX XXX 

------------

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X DELETED PAGE(Sl X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

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FI!II/OOJ 
I 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~e!c!L·d under exemption(s) ~ 1-~-- ________ with no segregable 

/ 

material available for release to you. 

fnh:m~tion pertained only to a third party witl1 no reference to .vou or the subject of your request 

In;tmnation pertained only to a third party. ):'our name is list('d in the title only. 

Document(s) originating with the following gow'mnwnt agPncy(ie~) ~ 

__________ , was/were forwarded to th(•m for direct response tD you. 

t\u.:;,·(s) referred for consultation to tht' following gon~rnmPnt agency(ies); 

_____ ____ _ a~ tlw infonnation originated with them. You will 

;,t· ai,\ j.~L·~ uf availability upon return of thP matPrial to the FBI. 

t'a;:;t·I:--J ~.~ithheld for the following rea;-;,on(s): 

--- --~--------

· i·, ., \ uur infonnation: 

.. -~-- ----------

T~;.: following number is to lM: usPd for refPn•ncf' n•garding th"'•se pa~ws: 

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·Page B-2 f' The Knorville News-Sentinel 

E·T ACLU Branch 

Defends Rights 

of Highlander 

Mayor Rogers Says 

Center Is Entitled 

To Full Protection 

The East Tennessee Branch 

cf the American Civil Uberties 

Union has condemned recent attaw, both verbal and pllyalcal, 

II en the Hiahlander Research and 

Education Center on Riverside 

Drive as uattacks upon the right 

cf free speech and free assodatlon.'" 

Mayor Leonard Rogen ha5 

been Informed by letter of a recent resolution adopted by 

East Tennessee Branch, which 

Is headed by Harry Wiersema, 

a retired 'IV A engineer. The 

maydr agreed that Highlander 

Is entitled tc protection. 

Attacks 'Unwarranted' 

"We are aware of recent 

events," the Jetter said, .. con--

cerning the Highlander Reaearch and Education Center, 

Including bombings, Irresponsible attacks by a local Mwspaper and handbills, Insurance 

cancellation and attempts to re--

voke the state charter, with 

veiled reference to undisclosed 

Information In City CouncU 

meetings. The5e are considered 

unwarranted attacks upon this 

!Dstltutioo." 

The resolution atatea: 

I 

"The Board of Dire<ftors of 

the East Tennessee Civil Liberties Union takes note of recent 

attacks upon the rights ot free 

opeech and free association or all citizens of our c:ommunity 

and state. Wa affirm that any 

locally constituted achool or other orxanization must be protect· 

ed from violence against ita 

property, no matter how controversial its activities, and we ' 

command the efforts that have 

been made to protect the property of the Highlander Research 

and Education Center. We further affirm the right of such an organization tc pursue Its education program under Ita atate 

charter and we call upon other 

citizens tc ttand with • Ia , oupportlng ~ b"'ia. American I 

freedom." , . . . 

( 

Sunday, November 20, 1961 I " ~:,: 

ShoaW fku• Evltfe.-

Mayor Rogers said that whUe 

he does not condone all the ac~ 

tlvities of Highlander, the cen- ter is entitl'!d tc lull protection 

under the law. 

"I swore to uphold the law 

and protect the rights ot any 

citizen whether I aares or d;.-

agree with him. · 

''Some have made charges 

against Highlander and as often 

Is true, they are not restrl~ 

to facts. ;Tbe FBI and the IDtemal Revenua Service both 

have cleared'Highlander Cellter. 

Thooe citizens who level charges 

llhould . come forth with .evidence. UntO ouch evidence Is 

presented, I shan aee that High-! lander's property and rights are 

protected from those wbo would 1 

take the law into their own · ban , " Mayor Rogera aaid .. 

I would do for any clti·j' 

un. b----

. ' ... .., .-.:·. -.. ·~·ft· -· 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN dt ~NCLASSifiEJ J!8 DATE 5 'iS~ BY cSf't)~ c9<1-0 

rJ-<CLO~ 

b (- 1-S I I - 3 I 1 . --~ 
~ ' -- -· ,, 

(

>,) 

" 

~· 

~-- b f,. 75//- 717 November 18, 1181 

s~~\1() 

-----

-,1 _,;, 

Your letter of November Und, with encJ.osur!t 

baa been reeelTed. .., • • 

' .,c ::s - -..._- - ~f. Ia e. -ta.-a ~··-- ..... ,_,., __ ........ I..A-- 1'-·-.J . ....,:.,._ ~,_ &" AD a ~~&.~Ow.& 'IJ loU .&.va&. U zuy ..... YID' 1.~ ,,u.&- puw 

VI 

..... 

--.:7 

= 

lle&tiOD, the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, of Interest. Wh 

respect to your request to have lt aent to you, It Is PQbllahed 

primarily for Jaw enforcement ofllcera, aad It has~ neCUaar, 

fn PAo;,.f-p~,.t 4ta lt~ah-ll~ut-ll"'r.ft 'I ••~af. T ft<!'t..., .. ,...f. h..a _, lot..ll"'t.1,:; '-•r-1--••" ,.,.., • ---.. _._ •- w .. ~- ....,...,~. ,. • ~ ... v• ~ ~..,. ....uo V&. 6A'&&., u"'~ ua" 

you will underataDd. -
·,·:-..: ' 

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.(,'. ;~_._ ... ,·:;~,:.;·;_,'·'';..;·c ... '..__,.;.....,•;;.-·;.;.• ........... ,............... ..:.._ 

• 

and the Knoxville Office has been instructed not to make 

an investigation of the school or individuals connected 

with it • 

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4-750 (2-7-7Dl ( 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. OnP or more of the following stamments, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~lewd under exemption(s) __A.. r/ C.,.... ______ with no segregable 

material available for releasP to vou. 

l-=:i lnfonnation pertained only to a third part~' with no rcfprcnce to you or the subject of your request. 

L_j Infonnation pertained onh' to a third IJart). 'l' _ _ '_ I'_ L _j • d _ '-' .LI _ . 1 

1 our narnP IS 11su•u m we uue on1y. 

L _ _j Uocument(s) originating with thC' fOllowing govemmvnt ag(·nc:-·(jp:-;). ___ . 

__ , wat->/W('fl' fon>.,·ardC'rl to thPm for direct response to you. 

PagP(s) referred for consultation to tht.· following go\(·rnment agPncv(iesl; 

_ _______ a~ th(' infonnation originated with them. You will 

,. ~ ... i.,cd of availability upon r.Ptum of tlw material to Hw FBI. 

!'.age(~,\ withheld for the following n·a~on(:-.1: 

~~~~-·--·~------

llZ,,· 1 h,r.following number is to be used_) or rcferpncP regarding these pages: 

t-1-fJ._'"Jf- <IV" 

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FI!!II/OOJ 
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t·:7 ' ., [ 

' 

Mr. J. Edgar Hoover 

Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D. C. 

RosenSullivanMr. Tavel -

Mr. TrotterRoomHolmes-

/ A Gandy--= 

\/11 ·--

~ ~ l::::::::::::::===.q,_ 

' a Dear~· Hoover: "'· · 

the a(!i fli_ehl..~c!er in the .. 

Knoxville 

Q.~.:Q.ter.. This 

area 

is 

have 

a tax-exempt 

a problem concerning 

organizatio~J/ ~ We are·naving to support it with our tax dollars. It ~ 

has gained support with teachers who teach our children, 

area churchmen, the Knoxville Mayor, on the University of Tennessee campus. Yet it seems that hhere is no 

possible way to find out if it is alright, or not 

alright? Most people do not believe things unless the 

FlU says so. Yet the FBI is simply an "investigative body", the local police do not have the authority to 

say. There seems to be no way to find out. 

Is there no organization that you can report<:t((:;t,. this area to give the people a reliable answer? ~---:--

Thank you. -

• r 

• Sincerely, 

/k ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

OAT BY~~~ 

- - -,~ 

lfi'-.., - .. 
. ' 

( ( 

. -- --

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I -':f.4tJ•:Z7,Z? 

Highlander 

Defended 

At 1\fPPtin~ r -~y ~~:: ;R~;~~O Those who attack Highlander 

Research Center are destroying 

themselves, for Highlander is 

doin nothing more than speaki out for Negroes, Rev. Frank 

·ordon said last night. 

·· Mr. Gordon, pastor 2! S~ilo~ 

I Presbvterian Cl'mrth · an<T for-

\ 

-~;~;~~t·1fr~~~:~!n~f c~~~~ · come another Atlanta, HarleJ l ur W<:~.tt:s" unlEss Negroes g . economic equality. 1 

~ He was on a panel of four a· : 

a meeting booked as one o ) 

I"'Freedom of Speech in Knox1 ville and the Highlander Cen· : ter." About 300 attended the 

m e e t i n g, which had to be 

switched f r om the American 

Red Cross Chapter House to 

Hotel Andrew Johnson when Red 

Cross officials decided the meeting was controversial. 

Serving on the panel with r. 

Gordon were Dr. Scott · ates~­

French professor at iversity 

of the South, Dr. Forres~cey~ 

of the University~o Tennes~ Law School, lew· mclair, "IVA 

economist, and r: Fre~en- \ Pitt i, associate profero;,sor in the I Continued ~n P~e 2, Col. 1 

I N~~h~~:;:g~: a ~OX:le :~T Javry~d he had heard the , 

words libelous and slanderous 1 used in' connection wIth The 

Journal's treatment of High- l 

lander. He aaid he knew The 

i- Journal was not ~mmune to the 1 n lam of Tennessee and uked If 1 r these charges '!ere t r u e why 1 hadn't the newsoaner been Jued. 

'toNTiNUED FROM ~AG! ~ was t I "The papers-never say it in 

College of ~ucatlon at • ~c;:.u! such a way you can sue," Mr. 

moderator.[iN,v£:1/!iT'iDJ. , __ .... Gordon answered. 

While the m~etlng hid been.< 

1

. Dr. Bates gave a history of 

billed to ex~lam H1ghlander to l HighJander, Dr. Lacey gave his 

the commun1ty, m u. c h. of the t version of what is meant by 

time was spent castJ.gatmg The S freedom of speech and Sinclair 

Knoxville Journal for the ar- t · told of the troubles Highlander 

ticles it has published about the ' [ has had through the years. 

{ center.~ • . Dr. Bates said that Highland-

' Myi!SH or ton, }!igh!"nde;. · er had been cleared by the Fed-

: founder who was in the ili01- : eral Bureau of Investigation. 

; ence charged that In The Jour- but during the question and 

nal ~rticles there is "'never • . answer session he conceded that 

conclusion and never a word of ' the FBI does not clear or col 

truth." ~mn questionable organlz ~ During a question and a~swer ns. 

session following the readmg of ] •EFENSE 

l prepared statements by all but But it was Mr. Gordon who 

• Mr. Gordon. the panelists were ] \! came the closest to t a I king asked from the audience It they about what he believes the cen· were Communists. · ter accomplishes. 

Mr. Gordon, Dr. Lacey and . "'lt teaches us how to organSinclair said they were not Com- : ize and get ready ;• be o a I d. .......... ic:.tc nr BateA said he ftrst "W,. •rP oninEr tn atirlr ..,it"h 

: ;;;~('t-.;-·miiu~.Nier when It was 1' u;.;;e ;i;o i-;;·"to -~..;-;;;, l:.;k _ at Monteagle hoping to meet • those who castigate Highlander 

1 Communist so they could ex- if they are willing for a Necro • change i-de ••· :"'1 was d~ap- 1 to buy a home next to theirs. J pointed when I went to Htgh- "We are not against any ort lander and didn't find a Com- l ganization which seeks to raise 

munist. I am not a Commu- , the Negro from slavery to freenist." :..:-,... 1 1 dom," be said ... It tea~es Ne-

~ groes how to read and write so 

they can vote. ' 

\ 

' "Negroes don't believe any-

!_ thing is Communist unless the 

FBI 1ays so," he ••• 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~S /~NCLASSIFIED )~· DATE s- LBY rSPR era ~4-r~ 

{p/ 

:':~,:~. -·:::~~~/~ -~:~t!~·:J:.::~~??:~7f0-'!l/~~~r~t~:-~.~:0 ::?-~~y::· .. :;~~:~~~::.t_;~~,~-:·;~{;:;_~~·t::t~~f-~03~rc:~~s .. ~~-~~-~~~ .. ,-·: · · · ·; '·"',,":. ·,, . ·.;, .. ' 
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February 3, 1967 

I :RE~35 ' . -f r . j v~'\~~ (/; 1- 15 /J 

. -~-"' 

·1 0 V_s-~ 

. .ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HERE1N JS UNCLASSJFJED 

DATE 3( rfst BY or~ cJ-f~ 

I have received your letter of Jlmlary 30th, wltb 

enclosure, and understand and appreciate the concern which 

prompted you to write. 

WhUe I wish it were possible for me to be of 

assistance, I am unable to make any comment regarding the 

matter to which you referred since the fUes of this Bureau are 

maintained as confidential in accordance with regulations of the 

Department of Justice. I trust you will understand the reason 

for this policy and why I cannot be of service ln this instaDCe. ~ ~ 

Sincerely yours, 
'-':. 

; .. t;i.~ 

;...4, 

; •, 

r. 

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l/v.-:6/Z/'-:7AT/.t::>A/ To k.//C /r.G. ,4 -5P.C!!:C// 0/,/ 

11-lf /-I/L'i#L./l/J.D.&./2 .:SCHooL //.../ lc>vox VILLE. 

TEA/A/~ 5.5£ /=. 

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F///3 'Te> vv/LL L3C. DEEP~ V .ri'PP.--<£C/.fi'T£ .z::;>. 

ALL INFORMATION COfHAINEO 

HEftEis~/S NNCLASSIFIED ,>\ DATE r w BY sStae~~ cNn 
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' 

TRUE COPY 

Dear Mr. Hoover: ( f-) tJ_. r;,_v, C 1 1 ·j 

Could yoo assist me in finding information to / 

write a speech on The Highlander School in Knoxville, Tennessee. 

I have found some information on its past history but 

I can't find anything on its present operations. 

Is Myles Horton a communist?. If so when and who 

identified him? 

Any documents that you can refer me to will be 

deeply appreciated. 
I ' 

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March Zl, 118'7 

. -:":' ' 

Your letter of March 18th' has been received. 

\\'hUe I certainly wlsh lt were posslble for me 

to be of assistance to you, the data contained In the rues of the 

FBI must be maintained as confldentlal In accordance with 

regulations of the Department of Justice. I am sure you wlll 

understand the reason for tbls pollcy and why I cannot be ol. 

service In this lnstaDce. 

Slncerely yours, 

which was formerly known as 

_, _ ... 

f·~: ;.~ 

r -~ .be .. _;',~~ .·. !c,.~_·!!!.~L-7!:·1~./.1 "'-

~,;L[ ~~~i:~-=--= lt!AILUJ i& A~(c;~;~;MATION CO NT AI~~~ ~· .. ~::-- ·-~ ~ .. ----

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F'~-3~ (f\.ev. 542-64) 

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• • 

FBI ... 

Date: 

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I 

April 13, 1967 I 

I 

I . I 

(Type in plaintext or cOde) I Transmit the following in --------,:;:-::::-:-~:;-::;:=:::-:-:,.-::-c-:;-:-;---------i 

.I AIRTEL AIR IIAIL I 

Via---------

< 

: . (Priorily) 1 ; I ,. 

-------------------------------------------------L------~ -

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (~Qg lBS3S) 

PR~ SAC, LOUISVILLE (100-197) 

SUBJECT: 4mm.ANDER RESEARCH ANI) 

.EDUCATION CENTER 

IS - C 

00: 

• 

Reference Memphis tel to Director and Louisville, 

dated 4/12/67, captioned "Southern Conference Educational 

Fund, Inc," (SCEF), copy of which is enclosed with Knoxville 

copies of this airtel. 

Referenced tel concerns ~ vote by the Tennessee 

House of Representatives to start a second legislative , investigation of the Highlander Research Center, Knoxville, 

Tennessee. 

4 

2 

2 

Special AQent in CharQe 

REC 46(, /-; 7S1/-.J J-1 

''~I~~ 

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~ 

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Per ______ _ 

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Louisville has no inforaation indicating 

not still an independent organ:!.zat_~o=~ 

,; .' \ 

•. 

that 

. · ~. 

UAC, Memphis regarding Highlander. 

advise Knoxville of developaents 

;-

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Mr. Tolson--

Mr. ueLoacu---. 

Mr. o><mr __ 

Mr. WlCI"-7'~>1 

Mr. L&sJ:><r .. UIII'-

TO ~-D RECTOR, FBI DATE: 

FROM· SAC MEMPHIS (62-0) . ,t )Vij.s 

· ' 0 H 1 C ~ t. 

~ 

A ~ t, c f. _ IJ, ~~~ ~ H /! (!:,_rrtj'f. 

Mr. Tavel ___ _ 

Mr. Trotter_ 

Tele. Rooro __ 

Miss Holmea_ 

Miss Gandy_ 

SUBJECT: HOUSE JOINT RESOLtrriON NO. 14, 

_TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 

EIGHTY-FIFTH SESSION PROVIDING FOR 

APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE 

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE HIGHLANDER RESEARCH 

CENTER OF KNOX COUNTY AND ORGANIZATIONS -

AFFILIATED THEREWITH -.._ 

JNFORMATION CONCERNING 

Enclosed is one copy o~ captioned Resolution 

as introduced in the Tennessee General Assembly by State 

Representative O'DELL CAS LANE of Knoxville, Tennessee. 

One copy is alqJ enclosed for the KnoxJille 

Office for information. I ; ~ 

Alli~IFOftM~TICN cmHAINED 

HER£l~I~S~LASSIFIED ~ DATE ~ . BY S'F>K~ . ~4-.)~ 

~t~1\ ' . 

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. . 

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~1-Js- /1-'J:t~ 

\ 6 

1 ; /"\ .z.y;~tr.:URt v 2-Bureau (Enc • ., · ~1-Knoxville (Enc. 1) 

-~- fts APR l1' 967 

.....!;il:mJil is lt.- .rwp 

l r) 

.. ·. . R 1967 

: ~~J g.~. Savings Bonds &gular: 

. ········<""'"-•...-···__...r-<'"T'""''-'--__... .. ~------~-----------------

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BOUSE JOINT RESOL~TION NO. / ..y · 

ALLINFbRMATIOi: COt!TAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED G0 

DATE slrjN BY OJ'R~J 

A RESOLUTIO!I to provide for a cor.unittee to 

investigate the activities of 

the Highlander Research Center 

of Knox County and organizations · affilinted there\dth. 

t?~~~ 

h'!IEREAS, It has been reported that the Highlander 

Research Center of Knox County, anc persons and organizations 

sffilieted therewith, may be involved in activities subversive 

to the government of our State and tllat it is in the interest 

of the State and its people that a· committee of this General 

A'Fe~bly be constituted for the purpose of investigating such 

reports end be granted full power to subpoena witnesses, to tnke 

test1mony~ ' to· impo~nd records: an~ to do all things necessary to 

aocertain the nature of the activities of the said Highlander 

~escarch Center and of such persons and organizations as are 

UOW, THEREFORE, 

SECTIO!I 1. DE IT RESOLVED BY T!IE !lOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

0!' TilE STA~'E OF TENNESSEE, TilE SE!-:1\TE CONCUitRING, That a joint 

.:o1:unittee of five members composed of t•,.o senators and three .-

represenLatives be Atld the same is h~rcby created~ the ~c~~crs of 

< '·•· C0Mnittce to be appointed by the Speakers of the respective 

llouscs1 and that the cou~ittee hereby created F.hall have complete 
_-. -~/-.-; ,._:,, 

~_,. :; 

~ 

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... _._ 

SECTION 5, BE IT FURTHER R<:SOLVED, That the full expense 

of the investigation conducted by this Committee be included in the 

Miscellaneous Appropriations Bill. 

SECTIO!I 6, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That said Committee 

·be directed to report the result of its investigation to.the.Senate 

end House of Representatives with such recommendation as may be 

deemed advisable and proper at the earliest practicable moment, 

SECTION 7, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That said Committee 

shall make at least an interim report to both Houses of the General 

Acse~~ly at least ten days before its·sine aie adjournment which 

report shall embody a detailed statement of the frogress made by 

said Comr.uttec, the course being pursued and the result of said 

investigation to that date, l!nd the expen~es incurred J;>y the 

CoP"-itt~e to the date of said report: that the total expense of 

the investigatior. provided for by this resolution be limited to 

$5,000.00, such limitation of expenditures to be effective ~~til 

the making of caid interim report, at which time the General 

AsF.~nbly shall determine whether what funds, if any, shall be made / 

available for the further worl< of the Committee, 
· .. . '·. 

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authority to investigate the Highlander Research Center of Knox 

County, and to 1nvest~gate its activities and the activities of 

all persona and organizations associated therewith. 

SECTION 2. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That said Committee 

shall have full and complete power to subpoena and compel the 

attendance of witnesses, to adopt rules of procedure, to order 

and compel the production of all records and documents pertaining 

to the Highlander Research Center and its activities and the 

activities of all persons and organizations connected therewith, 

ar.d to do all things necessary to the end that said investigation 

shall be full and complete; said Committee shall be clothed with 

all the powers and authority conferred UPon legislative committees 

by Sections 3-301 to 3-325, Tennessee Code Annotated • 

SECTIOll 3. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That said Committee 

shall have.the authority and is hereby directed to employ and 

contract for the services of not more than two attorneys of ability 

?.,;d kno"n integrity to aid and assist the Committee in the making 

vf said investigation. 

SECTibN 4. BE IT FURTHER RESO~VED, That said Committee 

shell have the authority to employ such clerks and clerical and 

other help as it may deem advisaole and to provide office space 

and eq~iprnent for Co~~ittee personnel, to appoint a sergeant-at-arms 

and any assistants necessary with full authority to execute any and 

' uil legislative process in any county of the State, including but 

not restricted to subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum as may be 

authorized by the Co~nittee. Zhe Committee shall like~ise be 

,_·_~ empowered t.o incur for itself or m.emDers of its staff nec£::ssary . ' 

expense ir, co.-l.nectior.. ';;:!th. t:~.• .. •el, st~notz!""Pl"ic services,,:court 

xe~orters, et cetera .. 

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MAY t• mfTICifr( I 

..... '"""'~ <• Cl'll) ·1-11 .. 

UNITED STATES cC':' ERNMENT 

Memorandum ' 

DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) DATE: 

Enclosed for the Bureau are the 

three copies of a 

caption. This information is submitted to the 

for inclusion in its files. 

fi""~ Bureau (Enc. 1-4) (RM) 

~- Knoxville ~ 

tl/ftcyp ~ 

t1 

, 

~ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IWNCLASSIFIED ~ 

DATE c3' ?4 BY JP~i~ ,JcJ.-r: 

R£C~t I -751{:::::~ i!t' I ,J' ·\ • • f j .4< .... ~-~ 

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'·; .~' 17 i\FR l!e1967 

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4/19/67 .R/f./ 
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. . . . . ~~. 

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In Reply, Pr.o.. Roj..- ro 

FikNo. 

U~~ED STATES DEPAR~MENT OF {}STICE 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Xnoxville, ~ennessee 

April 19, 1967 

.. 

. ~ .. ·.· "' •-1\- I -.,r' :,_ ·~ 

BIGlt~DER ·RESEARCJI A1I1D 

EDtJc:iT~ON ,CDTTER ,i .. 

MISeJ: · , Jt~~ ..,' ·' ·";'·.., ~ 

INFO l'Ofl C!:ONCO:ERN·IIIIG 

~e Knoxville •ewe-Sentinel, a daily publication, 

in the Home Edition issue of April 12, 1967, reported that 

the Bouse of the Tennessee Legisl~t~re had passed a 

resolution calling for a legislative investigation of the 

Highlander Research and Education Center. ~c was reported 

that the Senate of the Tennessee Legislature had delayed 

action on the resolution. It was reported there W.s 

growing opposition to the measure among State Senators. 

One representative, who was opposed to the resolution, 

stated-that in the early days-Highlander was really a 

labor school, teaching workers in the South how to 

organize and there was still some anti-labor people in 

the county he represented. .Be also claimed that persons 

eympathic to !!igh_lander planned to boycott against a local 

Knoxville supermarket chain which did not hire Negroes. 

A representative in favor of the resolution stated that the 

Mayor of Knoxville is upholding the school and an opponent 

replied the Legislature is being put in a most unusual 

position in considering the resolution if the Mayor of 

Knoxville is upholding the school. The East Tennessee 

Civil Liberties Union has urged the State Senate to reject 

the resolution. 

It has previously been reported that the 1959 State 

Legislature sought to revoke the school's charter following 

an investigation in March, 1959, by a Legislative committee. 

ALL ~FORMATION CONTAINED ... 

H~~IN I~ ~N~LA_~~IFJ€_'!_ - I"\'\ 

DATE c]' I s-{fE<.I B-Y ons:tPiJ/)?tJ • .pl/ ~ 

6i-7.5-l/-d~ 

'ENcLOS'OIDF 

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HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

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In August, 1959, a hearing was held in Grundy County to 

decide whether the school, then known as the Highlander 

Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee, should have its tax 

exemption charter revoked and the school padlocked as a 

public nuisance. 

" 

The Chattanooga News-Free Press, a daily publication, Chattanooga, Tennessee, reported in issue November 3, 1959, 

that efforts to obtain a permanent padlQck injunction against 

the school had been dropped and efforts would be made to 

seek revocation of the school's charter. 

This same paper in issue February 16, 1960, reported 

that the Circu1t Court in Grundy county revoked the General 

Welfare Charter of the school and would aPPOint a receiver 

for the school. The ruling was subsequentiy appealed to-the 

Tennessee Supreme Court, which upheld the revocation of 

the charter. Subsequently, the school appealed to the 

United States Supreme Court, which denied a hearing. 

This document contains neither recommendations nor 

conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI 

and is loaned to your agency: it and its contents are not 

to be distributed outside your agency. 

- 2* -
, 

, 

. ·.' ... • ·- _:. 1 ---·~<:. ~~;~>-f-_-; :. : ~ 

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- ·:· .;·._,/36 (Rev. 5~22·64) ... I 

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FBI 

Date: 5/24/67 

Transmit the followinQ in --------,;;;;------,-;--,-,----,---,.,--------ill (Type jn plaintext or code} 

I 

Via ___ ~A~I~RT~EL~--- ------~A==IR~MA~I~L~~.-------------4' (Priority) t 

------------------------------------------------L------- -

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

FROII: SAC, IIEIIPBIS (61-34) (P) (i 

SUBJECT: JIIG!ILANDU R'£SBAJtCB Al!Q 

EDUCATION CBNT:U 

IS - C 

(00: Knoxville) 

Re Meaphis teletype to Bureau 4/12/67 captioned 

COMINFIL, SOUTHERN CONFERENCE EDUCATDrAL FUND, INC.", 

BUFILE 100-10355 1 Meaphis file 100-92. 

For the inforaation of the Bureau and Knoxville, 

The "Nashville Tennessean", a Nashville, Tenn., daily newspaper,in the 5/24/67 edition, page 12, carried an article 

indicating the Bouse resolution regarding a second 

investigation of Highlander Research and Education Center 

was approved by the Tennessee State Senate 5/23/67. The 

article contained no details relative to the actual 

investigation. 

{, 1-75 J J- :3-2 i ---

1 MAY 26 1967 

-~. I L 

I C • - -

Sent ______ M Per ----------
4-75012-7-791 ( 

J 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in tht' fill'. 

cated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

. l?c.-

Deleted under exemption(s) -~------·----­ material available for release to vou. 

___ with no segregable 

0 !nfolTrJation pertained only to a third party with no refi'rence to .\'OU or the subject of your request. 

D InfOrmation pertained only to a third part\". Your iHWlP is listPd in thC> title only. 

0 Document(s) originating with thC' following gon•mnwnt agnln·(]t's). __ _ 

------------------- ______________ , v-.a~/wt>rP forwarded to th('m for direct response to you. 

Pagt>(s) referred for consultation to thl' follo\,·ing go\·ernment agt>ncy(Ies); 

__________ a'-. tfw inf(lrnt<'ltion originated with them. You will 

Jj,_. ..~.,-!·•isf;J ,Jf availabilitv upon rPturn of thl' matl'rial to thv FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the following rPa~nn(~/: 

---------------- - ----·-----------

- , _________ _ --------·- ---------

~For your infolTrJation: ~C."'[[S_~C.. __ _B_c_~j _____ 77-/l K.. D j>A;2 "Y 

/' 

xxxxxx 

XX XX XX 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/00..1 
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'' 

Dear 

F'! 

~ 

A£C 33 

' 

June 5, 196'7 

5 -;}--5 

I have received your letter of May 30th aad 

understand and appreciate the coocern which prompted you to 

write. 

While I wish it were possible for me to be of 

assistance, I am unable to make any comment regarding the~~-

rr,atter to which you referred since the files of this Bureau are '~; maintained as confidential in accordance with regulations_,« the -;.~ 

Department of Justice. I trust you w111 understand the reaeioo ~"I 

for this pollcy and why I cannot be of service $n this 1n~e. '-> ...... .-....; 

Sincerely youra, ~ "l.; 

I. E'dgar ROOV'Iii 
.. , . -~ ':' ~ 

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FD·36 (Rev. 5·22·64) 

• I 

FBI 

Date: 

.. 

6/9/67 ... 

I 

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Transmit the following in -------;;;;;--....,-,,...,::-:;--.,....,-,.--------i1

1 

(Type in plainte:d or code} 

J 

Via AIRTEL AIR MAIL l 

-------~~:-----~;R~;o~~-;B~-~~=;:1~~~~~-----~-L _______ -

. v 

FROM: SAC, KNOXVILLE (61-12) (C) 

~IGHLANPEB RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER -

INFORMATION CONCERNING 

l Enclosed for the Bureau are the original and ~ three copies of a LHM bearing above caption. This . i information is submitted to the Bureau for inclusion 

·' .r /• 'in )l!s, files. 

l. r·J-- //' 

~ ..r I /'Kl 

, Hi~~~~~~~~6lots~~~~~AINED · DATE 3)s 1'6'4 BY ~~12 

(])_ Bureau (Enc. _.~s~f: l - Knoxville 

. f 'M~ • YP 

\ ) 

. -.·~\~ ~v l-7s;;-3:;_t, 

AGENCYa ACSI, ONI, OSI;SEC. iiMI 

_.("lSD,) Cliil&h- RAO 

l>Al'E FORifl.~-- --A':#-~.ia · .·. 

BOW FORW• ~--h • - --------- JIY• • --~'-• . p·.--p-----<1----- ·-------- -.L_..,~J.J..-'.,&L<:.-• ' . . .-.~ r i• . 

-------;.~ ~ ~ 

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B JUN 12 1967 

- -

Appr6~d:r·-·· >p~C r~. Sent _____ M Per------

· '-- -- · Spl.diii\N.Ient in CharQe 
.. ,· 

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...... ,··.- '·· .. ,, •'/ .. ·=-: ~: ·~· . 

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____ ..... ' ' 

' 

UN <3 ' rES DEPARTMENT OF J: b I 

~ .. ~ ... . ~- .. • _ 

In &ply, Pl«ue Roj, "' 

FU.No. 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION~·.-~· _ _I 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

June 9, 1967 

·: 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCB.AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

MISCELLANEOUS - INFORMATION CONCERNING 

,, 

..... ' _c,_ 

The Knoxville Journal, Knoxville, Tennessee, a daily publication, in issue of May 24, 1967, reported that the 

Tennessee General Assembly will investigate "the widespread 

reports of subversive activity" of the Highlander Research and 

Education Center, Knoxville, Tennessee. It was reported that 

the State Senate on May 23, 1967, voted 24 to 3 in concurring 

with the House in the decision to delve into the activities of 

the controversial center. The article stated, "Highlander, 

founded by (Myles) (ed) Horton and others, had (sic) long been 

one of the most controversial issues in the country and 

Tennessee. It lost its charter in Monteagle when it was 

found that beer was being sold illegally there and that ' 

Horton was operating the tax exempt school for his own benefit. 

It was reported there was no indication as to when the 

investigating committee would be named or commence its work in 

carrying out the resolution. 

. In the same i 5.ll€' of the Knoxville Journal, it was 

' t reported that C C nra 'Browne, .a director of Highlander, · · 11 

'/: reported that wal te - is hop, l'resi dent Qf.J,be 2asi;_:J:'enne.ssee .1\V / c~t_er_j;>f_the..Ame.rilian .Civ.i.lo .. -J.iberties .Un.i.o!l (ACLU) had 

-, Y advised that the ACLU would go into court in an effort to ._ ~/ block the investigation. It was reported that the East - .- Tennessee Civil Liberties Union labeled the resolution by 

the General Assembly as 1111 afront to the orderly conduct of 

government since a proposal "was initiated on the basis of 

vague and unsubstantiated charges and provides less for 

legitimate investigation than for punitive prejudicial 

inquisition . . . • " 

ALL INfORMATION CONTAINED ~m IS UNCLASSIFIED - 11/iT£ J),c;/)(4 RV~R 11<m I~ 
.. . , .. . . ', _: .h. ~::~~-.::r:--~~:-i-}> -.. <x·,--: ·::,~: .. ~, .~~. .. .-.-· . 

:-<-·~;:-~<;:~L~~: .. ~~·.<;-:.-~·i.: > .(~:f./~~.;'-~.~_::~;:j·,R:;~:-. :~ .. ~~ :>:~~-~.L-:hi::·L~-:~ .: ; : :.::~ ~ ... :'; '.>· <.-)_~;/;-~ .. >~- \·-~-.:.~-:~~t --~(~t·l: ... · -~~-} >- .i. -

- ....... 

. ·. , . 

. -··? 

.. ' .. 

HIGHLANDER RESEARCH AND 

EDUCATION CENTER 

• 

Xnmcville News-Sentinel, Xnoxville, _T!!!l.~~s~ee, 

a daily lication, in issue of May 31, 1967, reported that 

Myle or ton, _Direc.tor-O£-the .liigblander_ Res~ arch and Education __ Cen_~~· had made the statement that the center will go to 

Feaeral court to seek an injunction prohibiting proposed 

State legislative investigation. Be-reported that the 

injunction would be sought by the American Civil Liberties 

Union attorneys on the grounds that i~vestigation of 

subversive activities was within the power of the Federal GoverP-~ent only and no in the States. Horton reported that 

the injucction would not be sought until the investigative 

committee was named. According to Borton, ACLU officials 

had informed that the local case would be handled by Charles 

Morgan, described as the defense counsel for Army Captain 

Howard Levy, identified in the article as on trial now at 

Fort Jackson, South Carolina, at a court-martial on charges of 

disloyalty. 

!. ' 

' • • 1' I'·~ 

.• -- ,; 

. ' 

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions 

of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to 

your agencyr it and its contents are not to be distributed 

outside your agency • 

-2-

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. "' _,. __ 

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FD-36 (Re.v. S-22-64) 

FBI 

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Transmit the follow in<J in _ _,Pc..::l:.:a:..:i:.:n:..:t:..:e::xt~--;;r.:=:-;:-:-.:;::;::::-:-::-:;-:----------ll (T'fPe in plain&es& or code} J 

Date: 6-18-87 

I 

Via Airtel 

(Priori•yJ I 

----io.-Diruoc~a~-i8i(il~751~--------------~---L------

'""''-aa: SAC, JIEMPBIS (61-34) (~P· i 

I ' v' 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

INFOJUIATI(J( CONCEBNING 

Knoxville 00 

Jlemphilil airtel to Director dated 5-24-67. 

The 6-14-67 edition of the Malilhviile Banner, a Nashville 

daily newspaper, contained on Pap 11 an article captioned Highlander ~ob Panel Members Set which indicated in part that 

committee announcement& were announced 8-14-67 by both Bp•eake•,. of the General Assembly relative to a five-aeaber teaa 

-A+- ~n~ a~~h1eM~a. Wft1~ ~~hnft1 fta•~ rnnwwf11a &•~v ,.._"'ii' u•&u.&._._..,. ..... 6_..__ ., _____ --· ----.-.-. .... -• 

The article indicated the coaaittee aembers -~~~ 

in advisory and investigative functions authorized by the 

legislature and report findings to tbe General Assembly in 

The article indicated that tbe committee aembers were 

Senator FRED BERRY, SR., Republican, Knoxville, Senator CLAYTCif 

.ELAM, Democrat, Memphis, Representative <DELL CAS LAME, Republ~c:IUI.~ 

.,-...,,.,. ... .-.f11a D.c..,.....a.ClAft+e+4uA 'DnD.llD'I' 'A/V'W"'RD. n-.tv-... +:_ W'nnYV411A~ A1\lt AUV4~A44V' A~t-W_W_W_W6.-- -----· ------~ -----•-•J ---------· --- Representative w. B. MICHAEL, Republican, Sweetwater. 

lle~~~phis will tollow and keep Bureau advued of any IMtlrtJLntult 

developments. 

1 

:.·~e. 

c:::::i) Bureau (BII) 

2- !nozv!11e (61-12) 

~-ph:Ls Wflri'.J 

REC6 

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.J 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED a JUN 19 1967 

HERE! NCLASSIFIEnt ---- ""--'-'-+'-'-+.1.1-J_ 8 y 

f'e~. llaii'-----

Reg~p10o~ 1 ,JllN i9J967 

Special Aqent ln Charge 

·· ·~\ .,_;;·:- ...... .._.~-,..~---... ~-.,._.--·:--~~~c.-~-:·-~/~,._. !','}"·-~:,:--?~': ... ~~,;-'+N;_~ ... ;.;_~~.:.--- --~-":, .•. -~-{· ~, __ ,. .. ~ ,_, -:-~---., -:· :"'>'t .. ___ .,_-; ~_,...,__ F ~-~~---.-.------· __ 

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Date: 6/22/67 .· 

Transmit the following In --------=--:::-:,.,.,,-;-:---:;-;---------i (Type in plaintext or code) 

AIRTEL 

OM: ,C, MEMPHIS (61-34) (P) 

SUBJECI': LiJGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS- C 

The Nashville Tennessean, a daily newspaper in Nashville, Tenn., in the 6/21/67 edition on page 3 carried an 

article which in part indicated that the .. Tennessee legislative invatigation of the Highlander Research Center at KnoxvilleWE 

temporarily blocked on 6/20/67 by a suit charging the probe was 

authorized to ''intilll.idate frightened and coerced Negroes." The article indicated that u. s. District Court Judge WILLIAM B. 

MILLER issued a limited temporary restraining order shortly after the American Civil Liberties Union filed the suit contending the probe violates the Center's constitutional rights. 

The article indicated Judge MILLER set 6/30/67 as 

the date for the hearing in this case. 

Memphis will follow and keep the Bureau advised 

any developments • 

·~ \c,.c... ""~r.cf Ot;k).~~. (_~J- Bureau "\ ( 

2 - Knoxville (61-12) 'f;l.{p " 

2 - Memphis ~v · 

/ •t .• _LF 

· • L_ '"'."''11 ALL I~!FORr11ATION CONTAINED f~~:: ·-~ relettp~..-\ HEREIN IS m:CLfiSSIFIED 

r., .. · A. "''-1-- .. ~ DAT~ 3):r/<ti(~~~~~ - .a ....;;..·· ·;.:.· ................ -

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FBI 

Date: 6/21/67 

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via __ _::A::.:I::R::.:T::BL=---- ,. (Priorily) . .· , 1 • 

-------~------------------~-~---~~-~--~---~--~--L---~--- - J 

TO: 

FROII: 

IWaTOiR, I'BI (61-7511) 

llEIIPBIS (Sl-34) (C) 

. 

IGHLANDER FOLit SCHOOL 

s - c 

··.· 

For the information of the Bureau and Knoxville, 

tbe Nashville Tennessean, a Nashville daily newspaper, on 

page one, 6/20/67 edition, bad an article wbicb in part related tbat tbe American Civil Liberties Union will co 

into Federal Court at Nashville, Tennessee, 6/20/67, to 

seek a restraining order to prevent the Tennessee State 

Z..,gislative investigation of Highlander Research Center · in Knoxville. 

The article related tbat CHARLES MORGAN, JR., 

attorney and Director of ACLU ,, soutbern regional office 

in Atlanta, arrived in Nashville 6/19/67 and is expected 

to file the petition in USDC, Nashville, 6/20/67. 

The article quoted hia as sayin, tbat ACLU's 

interest in the issue is "because of the effect of the 

resolution of the General Assembly on the rights of 

tree expression in Tennessee and the nation as well as 

their effects on ~qual civil and political rights of 

Negroes." 

- ::. .

1

.: • ';; __ ;.; Memphis will folfd'wl~d· keep tbe Bureau advised 

:< : ' any pertinent deve~opaent\te- 25 {p / _ 1.~ // ___.. ~ ~ 

·<--. -" ' / Information copy being furnished Atlanta in v~""' / 

• · ~ / ~., ACLU attorney CHARLES MORGAN, JR., of Atlanta, interest ' ~· ,., J. case ·-r--l ~ jO,- • .: 

.:;.~c 7 "f-. ·--· _l..!Bureau <iul) . ,- ·. '·." ~ . . , " , - i • : .. . • 2-Knoxville (61-12) (RII) · \ ~~ ~ 'Y~· p · · · ·~ - . l-Atlanta (INFO) (RJI) · · • • · '' JUN 231967 

• • '· '· 

1

• •'-... All INFORMATIO CONTAINED 3 

. ' lpc z 1.;.;."-_ __.,. 

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' ., . . ' -.-· ~·: .:·, ' 

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FBI 

Date: 7/3/87 

Transmit the following In -------~--..,----.,-,---------i (Type in ploin,e:!d or code) 

Via AIRTEL 

(Priority) 1 

------------------------------------------------L------- - DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

WI:AU!:OM: SAC, IIEIIP&IS (61-3•') (P) 

SUBJECT: CinGBLANDER FOU 8CHOOL I IS- c 

~ Be Memphis airtel 6/16/67. 

For the inforllation of the Bureau aD.d boxville, 

The Nashville Banner, a Nashville, Tenn. daily newspaper, on 

page 26, June 30, 1967, edition, bad an article captioned 

"KING: HIGHLANDER NOT SUBVERSIVE" • The article in part indicated that in Federal Court an affidavit filed bearing the 

signature of Dr. MARTIN LUTHER KING on 6/30/67 indicated that 

the Highlander Research Center at Knoxville is not subversiye 

and it never has been. KING in his affidavit, accordiDg to 

the article, indicated that the philosophy and activities of 

Highlander Center are Bmilar to those of SCLC. 

The article indicated that the second affidavit 

was from KYLES BORTON, described as Highlander Bead. In the 

affidavit BORTON reportedly indicated he was a loyal citizen 

of the United States and indicated that the school's activities 

concerned programs designed to obtain full and equal political 

freedom in civil rights for Negroes and other minority groups. Be claimed Ilan_harassment. 

The article indicated that arguments before u. 8. 

District Judge WILLIAM B. IIILLE.R were expected. to concentrate 

un wnether suit should be heard by three judge Federal panel 

' . 

or only by IIILLER. R£C 3 (p j _ '/ >.)-// _ 33 

Memphis will follow and keep the Bureau advised of 

Airt~l+-___:a::iiY perU.ueut developmeiitii. j})I 101 - -

@2 ~reaull (61 12) . - . " .". lll JUL 6 '"·~--~-.. noxvi e - / .~~LL INFO~MATION CONTAINED • > .. _(,. ... . 

v·~ 

1967 

l~~l DA 

Registered ____ _ Special AQent In CharQe . 
·. :·-:_ '.: .. , .: 

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TO 

OP'TIDNAL PORN ND. 10 

IU.T ... IIDrTIICIN 

.--·.·.: _·:·. 

-.., PMIIII (a CPIII) ·1-ltA 

UNITED STATES GOV"'MENT 

Memorandum 

DIRECTOR, FBI (61-7511) 

SAC, MEMPHIS (61-34) (C) 

DATE: 8/23/67 

SUBJECT: CJHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL; 

;J..-

IS~ ----

00: :0: 

Re Memphis airtel to Bureau, 7/3/67. 

For the information of Knoxville and Bureau, 

there has been no recent publicity relative to the 

Tennessee State Legislative Committee investigation relative to captioned school. 

Should there be any new developments in cf.-1 U 

this matter, Memphis will immediately advise the 

Bureau and Knoxville. 

U-\\t;, 

(i2Bureau 

2-Knoxville 

1-Memphis 

RM 

(61-12) 

Rtc- ~ fi,/- 7571- 3sl 

~:PEH 

All INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS Ui·~CLASSIFIED 

DAT£ 0lsi1N BY~~:t-t:t:::.-

SW7· 

_s 7 !.U G 2 919S~ 

----

111 AUG 25 1967 
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. , . . . October 30, 1967 • • ~ .: . I •· .. ; ~ ,: :· :/: J. ; . 

J.:r. J. Edgar Hoover, Director, 

Federal Bureau of Investigation, l'!ashington, D. c. 20530, 

tiJinth Avenue ana Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.) 

Dear J.Jr. Hoover: 

A writer to a forum in a newspaper recently stated with 

regardi ng the Highlander Folk School that, to quote: '-' 

"Racts -- The FBI declares that Highlander is not now ~~~ ever was a Communist training school". 

• 

Does the letterwriter have the facts correct or not? 

I shall apprediate an early response • 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~S r;1LASSIFJED ~ DATE S BY SP~B~ · d~ss 

,, 

! l ?r 

' ,I 

I 

~ 

• 
' - t -· ' .. ,. 

· .. .,;, -, .:.-

h\Ali.ED a 

[l CJ'J E: - 1967 

COMM·FBI 

() /)_ 

-· I ( • ...._.a:_i . 

;...;,,i.r B,shvp === 

Cosper __ 

C:.J!!oh<:~n--

Co:~nJd __ _ 

• • 

Dea~ 

"cONf~JAl !'ov•.-; · , • .., 

.33~ 

Your letter of October 30th has been received. 

In response to your inquiry, this Bureau baa 

never issued any such statement concerning the Highlander 

Folk School as that which was attributed to the FBI in the 

publication you mentioned. I am unable to furnish you any 

information concerning this school since data in our files 

must be maintained as confidential in accordance with regulations of the Department of Justice. I am sure you will 

understand the J,",eason for this policy. 

Sincerely yours, .. -' 

1. egar Hoover 
4-7:i0 12-7-79) ( c 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in the file. 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

One or more of the following statements, where 

~leted under exemptionls) -~ 7 ~--­ material available for release !D vou. 

____ with no segregable 

0 Information pertained only to a third part}' with no refPrPnce to you or the subject of your request. 

0 Information pertained only to a third part~-. Your name is !isWd in the title only. 

0 Documentls) originating with thP following guv<•mnwnt agenc)liesl. 

/ 

__________ , was/wen• forv~:arded to thf'm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to the following govprnment agPncy(ies); 

___________ as th(' infonnation originated with them. You will 

b<• advised of availability upon rPtum of tlw matprial tn thP FBI. 

Pagels) withheld for the following rt·asnnls): 

~ • For your infonnation: 

~ T~f following number is !D be used for reference regarding these pages: 

0L='lS11- 3 3 3 ··-

'\ \.\/\,'\. 

'·\\\X\ 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE(S) X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBI/OOJ 
· .. ,_ .. · ~~:- .. -· ·,.;·· ,.t<~-~--.::·_·::;:/:~_::~:;:J)~·:._r-;::~~:~_~:.~:-~~~/\-~i,_· ~ -~·-:. :-

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·' I 

-.·' Askforlt-lt'sFrce!. -ll . · To the Editors: The above Is the title to my I ~ 1 recent up ardon Me, but ••• " newsletter which j • 

carefully outlines the Communist connections of· 

: · Rev. Dr. Martin Luther Kine. Mrs. N1cholas Paul ; . of Nashua has challenged in these columns mY i li . statement that Hichlander Folk School formerly j f · 

·.: :. ·. of Monteacle, Tenn. was ·8 Communist training .l f' · ' school. · · · 1 · · · She states that the "FBI declares • that 'j ' 

llichlandcr is not now nor ever was a Communist j Trnining School." 

.i· 

~'irst .• you must understand the role of the FBI. I 

By law, they can not issue clearances nor label as ! 

·; subv<•rsive, but must report nny findings only to 

1

. · the ntlorney ~eneral or ns a sworn witness before I' 

Congress. This ts the reason for the attorney ' , 

. general's list and why It I! not called the FBI : 

subversive list. 'j llighlander Folk School_was .loundc.d_b~Jt: 

Wcsl~lslncl (fueclnr o{ tile CQlllrnuni~t PartlJn ·. :. ·: -North Cnrofina, nnd by Miles llorton;-dlroctiir oC. ... ~, - -

·'·• 

·· · ·:commonwenllh Collr c" Cllc ommunist b 

thr U .. ntlorney ge!]!•ral AprH_2Z...l9L 1 ~ 

I 

l\!Hes Horton, in sworn testimony by a student, 1 . I • 

William Eldridge Is quoted as tellin~ a llighlander l ·1·, 

class, "Only revolution will bring about a change 

• · from our present form of government to the 1 

( : · . Russian form of government." · • 

(: ·· · · As a result of this and other testimony, 1 .. 1 ·Highlander Folk School wu cited subversive by , , ' . 

:· • .' the State of Tennessee and clo•cd down by court ~ I ' 

: · order In 19GO. With this and other evidence 1 I · · • provided In my newsletter, 1\frs. Paul maintains ·: i 

' that the sc:hool was not Communist. . , 1 · She does not suggest what II ml~ht ·be and 1 1 , . offers no supporting documentation. If you want . 1 

:.~~n~~le~wrlle:/aak;for:i I! . · · r . :. ··. . · . . · , · · NOR~ ~IS,.)R. f i 

.·; ., ~ox a, HoDil, l'l.J. ' •. : . I! . ' • ·~ .,·'... I'~ ', :-·:: -·~ ~ c.-- ' ,.., ··'.·~ .... : ' '/.- ' -

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED /1'>-. 

.[!ATE .3j\/~4 BYoPK~~ c:P-4~ 
- ·-1 

- - :.. . 4 . ~- ...... _ "· . -~ ._ .... J . - ~----.] ! 

\ "'' "<" .. 

November 18, 1887 \-

REG- 6\J 

Dear 

,, · l;lL 

~ Your letter of November 8th and its enclosure have 

been received. 

In response to your )IUNlries, this Bureau has never 

issued any statement concerning th~hlander Folk School. I am 

unable to furnish you any information regardlrig this Sclio'olsmce 

data in our files must be maintained as confidential 1n accordance 

with regulations of the Department of Justice. I am sure you will 

understand the reason for this pollcy. ---

t.l&l.&Q i . 

liJ', 16 1967 

{;OMM-FBI 

Sincerely yours, 

J. Edgar Hoover 

All INFORMATION CONTAINE

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

OAT~ J,lsjW B'tt5J'6~ .;;<t 

• 

_~;;,,g.~':ic'i.:l T o•·.rr 

.. 

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..... ---- . .. f:.. ' ' ... 

~ 

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\ 

FEDERA.L BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL 

PART70F7 

FILE NUMBER: 61-7511 
• 

I 

S e. e 1'""'; 0 >1 $. 

,, .. 7 51/ 

0 
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Date: 1/17/88 

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· .. Transmit the followtnq In --------==-==~-::-::-:=:;---------1·1 (Type in ploinle:;d or code) 

AIRTBL ~···- ·~.-~ .,<~ ·.f !· _:'f:l~ Via----------

-------------------------------~:o~~~------------;J--~~1~-- ro: DIREcroa, FBI (61-7511) · · 

1

; '· · I c*--ft' 1

· 

FROM: SAC, MEMPHIS (61-34) (RUt::) 

SUBJECT;~IGHLANDER FOLK SGFlOO:L; 

IS - C 

00 KNOXVILLE 

Enclosed herewith the Bureau and Knoxville 

one copy each of opinion of n~~ WILLIAM E. KILLER dated 

regarding Tennessee General 

Highlander Educational Res~arcn 

investigation 

Cler-k, USDC, 

available to 

It isnoted that the opinion 

plaintiff's request that the court take 

3-judge court constituted and convened, 

motion to dismiss the complaint insofar as it challenges the 

validity of Tennessee Code, Sections 3-301 through 3-325, . and enjoins a number of the until further orders 

o! the court from proceeding or further under the terms 

and provisions of joint house Mo. 14. 

The above information 

and Knoxville for the complet 

// ,,.,, .-' I 

($', ;-1// 

I . I I~ 

-----

a JAN 191968 

Sent • M 
4·-75CJ (2-7-7:1) 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

xxxxxx 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in Ow fiiP. One or more of the following statements, where 

indicated; explain thiR deletion. 

D Deleted under exemption(s) ___ _ -----~-~ with no segregable 

-, 

\'\ ·,·· 

material available for release to ~-ou. 

lnfn:m<ttion pertained only to a third party with no referPncc to you or the subject of your request. 

Inf{mnation pertained oni:i to a third part\-. Your name is iisU•d in the title only. 

Dncument(s) originating with the following govenmH'nt agcnq:(ies). 

____ , waslw<·rc forwarded to th(•m for direct response to you. 

1- ag<>(s) referred for consultation to the following government agcncy(ies); 

_______ a~ the infunnation originated with them. You will 

1" di.\ J:-oL·d of avaiiability upon f('turn of th{_• material to Hw FBL 

Pa~d:·,J········ 

r,, \OUI' infonnation: 0 /IV I 0 N - ¥--() sp~ __ IJ!_,_L_j_/,<1)';1 

/1, ·;1!.2_ J-II-6<L .. ---~----· _______ , ____________ _ 

£. 

Th.: fol10wing number is to be used for rPft>H'Il('P rPgarding thesl' pagps; 

!_'7c-JJ-<-:;;LL ~ /J . -~ I~-") l ! __._/ [ ~~-~(""~-~---~ ·-----~-------

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGE<S> X 

~NO DUPLICATION FEE~ X FOR TH!S PAGE X 

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FBIIOOJ 
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EX106 

,., 

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6 MAY 20 1968 

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F. B. IWashington, D. C. 

Dear Sirs: 

II{_ 

\:l 

TRUE COPY 

. 

• 

May 12, 1968 

Can you tell me if the Highlander Folk School, late of 

Mouteagle, Tenn. & now located in Knoxville Tenn. and run by one Miles 

or Myles Horton, is on the F. B. I. subservise list? Thank you very much. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN I~ VNCLASSIFIEO ~~ DATE~_L_8Y ~~ 

c:P-<1• 
·. :.::-.- . : .... /'.':-::_:.~·~>··.7.-:~··:;~~:r;<..::·;/'f:·:.:.:,:':.f·;. >>"·<·· ·-. '_<~··' 

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• 

REC-28 · 

t( I~·, 7S-/ /-3 ~~-

May 1'1, 1868 · 

-

_d[·_ ' . 

Your letter of Mifl2th bas been recelve4. 

In response to your inqulry, thls Bureau has no 

llst such as you mentioned. Further, information contained in 

our files must be maintained as confldentlalin accordance with 

regulations of the Department of Justice. I regret I am unable 

to furnish the data you are seeking. 

M,>.ILEQ ~ 

_, ,;. 'cECS 

COMM-FBI 

Sincerely yours, 

J. Edgar 'Hoo'VfJC. 

' 

4 • 

• 
.·- .·· ... 

' 

. . . • 

' ~:~ :· :·;_. ... ~ .. :. 
• 

' 

TRUE COPY 

May 16- 68 

Gentlemen, 

1 ' Please inform me of wh;tt information you 

have on the Highlander Folk School located in Monteagle, 

Tenn. U.S.A. 

I am curious as to the real nature of this 

School which seems questionable to say the least. 

/s/ 

Sincerly 

ALL INFORMATIDr' CO~TAINEO 

HEREIN I~ iji~CLfi~lfltD~·· 

DATE~ti_ t3~_,~~.~ _:;:::;; . .Pif 

• 

• 
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., .. \ 

-

• 

.. -. ~ . 

May 22, 1968 

15J I 

. . . 

' 

' p__·· 

Your letter of Ma~ bas been recelvecL 

In response to your Inquiry, although I would like 

~.:; be of assistance, information contained In our files must be 

maintained as confidential In accordance with regulations of tbe 

Department of Justice; I regret I am unable to furnish the data 

you are seeking. 

Sincerely yours, 

M41LED. iZ 

I ~·oy :: '. 1968 

I_ COMM·FBI 

·~-·---

~"- '2>" - _]c; 

-- ' -- -~ 

NOTE: Bufiles contain no record of correspondent • 

• .., .~o IIE•··!J grzr· f.,,o 

ALL iNFO •.. ,C.P~A~N~·· 

;,2Y~· ~~ • • oJAK eoo....O >£~oo£TYPE UNIT D , /J / /.J. / 

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'. A··- 'I ~·~-·- ·_" ';:/ ~: _--. ~ ... __ ·.-' - -

,-,' -' .. !:"- '•'!: ..,...,,~~-·- -"" '"-"-:..:;; -·:-··- ·-....:.._ ..... >~ 

~: . - ~--~ 

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r::,_. S; .. :-a .. 

\" . ··.· ·.;;>-~. -~ ;.;--- ~ .. .;a ·-~··;A. J:. . 4 

~ ·?> 

. : ~· 

'' 

Mr. J. Fdgar Hoovf'>r, Director 

Federal Bureau of Investig~tion 

Washin~ton. D. C. 

Deor Mr. Hoover: 

{) 

.. 

I have bePn told the Hi~hlander Folk School in Monteagle, 

Tennessee. at one time was OOPrated by CPrtain communist 

elements, and for that reason the school was closed down 

by act of the state of Tennessee and its legislature. 

l Will you please tell me whether or not this school was 

actually closed down because or the school's subversive 

nature. Please also tell me if this is the same school 

\ where the song, "We ~ell Overcon.e" was 'fo-ritten or 6':lawned. 

Thank you very IIIUCh. 

Res,ectfully .vours, 

• • ---

• 

' ' 

- ... / ...... ..-. ... __ 12 JUL 9 1968' 

- -
. , ·' r. ". · J ~).: ·--~~-<}:_-.: ~--_:--·;- ..• 1 .... --- .. •• -~ ·.> 

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.. . . . \. .\ .. ·.· .. · 

. . . -

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l 

. ' 

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-·.-le>isoro~-

- [ eLoQch ---

~ j. ·_ Muh ·----- :'_ <. Bu;hop ---• ·. Casyer __ _ 

C(ol'n','ln--. 

• 

July 15, 1968 

11- 3 31 

Dear ~.f_ I received a copy of your letter on July 2nd. 

In response to your Inquiry, while I would like to 

be of assistance, information in our files must be maintained as 

confidential in accordance with regulations of the Department of 

Justice. I regret I am unable to furnish the data you are seeking. 

Sincerely youra, 

J. Edgar Hoover 
........ J. "i; 

<-'. 

(· • • 

J. Edgar Hoover, Director 

Federal Bureau o! Investi.gatie 

Waabingtan, D. c. 

Dear Mr. HoCJYer: 

~ 61 

I 

''IW. .. 

_,. 

Before I r:et to llY auestious. let .. take this OJn>Ortuni t.Y to 

thank ;rou and 1our pereonel for the serrlce )"Oil render- to thia -tiCIIl. 

I 1111 anclosing a copy of a picture and a statement concerning Dr. 

Martin Luther King. .la a concerned citizen I !eel that this type of 

information should be verified u true-.or refuted it !alae. I hope 

;rou can help .. do one or the other. 

~ I have the answers to the following qu~ians: 

• 

Did a pers(l!l by the 1111111 of Karl Prussion operate as a counterspy for the FBI from 1947 to 1960? 

0 

Was the Highlander Folk Scbool abolished by the State of Tennessee oecause it was a subversive organizatian? 

Is the following statement by Karl Prussion accurate? 

•r hereby alao state that Martin Luther King has either been 

a member- of, or wittingly has accepted supp()rt from, over 60 

Communist fronts, indinduals, and/or organizations which give 

aid to or espouse Communist causes.• 

II ~ I request any other information concerning Communist eubversion 

that you are free to give to the public. 

Sincereq, 

I 
k 

l·· t ... < 

, ·I \t, 

. ~.:r 

~ . :' ... _ ~ !. 

-The obo•e picture was mode by an employee of the State of Geor~i~, at~: Highlander #,' { 1 

Folk School in Monteagle, Tennessee during the Labor Day Wllk-end of 1957. The phot. a'Y 

i:' pRtr WOI ~en; :-o ttle ~iat-.t;nder rolk $(hoot by the Georaio Cammissi:~ri OA Ed;~eotiOA. 

The Highlander Folk School was abolished by an oct of the Legislohlre of the State ofT.,.. 

nenee at a later dote becou11 it was charged with being a subveral•e organization. 

Those numbered in the pichlre are: 

1. Martin Luther Kint. Jr., of the Mont9omery boycott ond the Birmingham 'riots. Karl 

Pnnaion. o co11ntenpy for the FBI for twenty-two years, charges that Martin Luther Ki"' 

belongs to sixty Communist-front orgonisotion1- more thon any Communist in the 

United States. He is promoted and encouraged by the Ken~tedys. ~ .- . 

2. Abner W. lerry of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. . 

3. Aubrey Williom1, President of theSowthern Conferenee Education' Funcl, Inc., The Tnm.. 

miaiion Belt in the Sowth for the Communlat Party. . . 

•· Mylea Horton, D•rector of Highlander Folk School for Communist Trolnlnt, Monteatle, 

Tenne&see. ~ 

Theae "Four Horsemen" of racial agitation han bro~~ght tension, dishlrbonce, atrlh 

and Yiolence in their advancement of the Commul'ist doctrine of "racial nationalism." , 

. . ' . . -~ 

' > j· . . { .-.•· -~ . 

.. - ' • t-.. - -
" • f ' I . •' ( , ....__ 

~-.t·,i~--·wCIVIL ·~Alt :!;lf .UZUTED ~~~'a&.i:t ~~~- /;~: ~.-.~;fi'·)'UTHKR KIIIG~ TO .. DIRECT. COMMUNI~T ·;;·rnUG·.J~ • ~··· - , • \o EW {-< , . ...t ... ·! ) if::l +. ",r . . . ~ :. ! ' ;!_-:l;•;,.. . . ... ..... ~. . - 1.. ··~ • ,"'t ~~~:· j •", ........ •• • ".. • ' .... 

i:·'~.',·: ,. ;~!h~ UBI lllllliOIS J0a ~;I• ~n'IL·!JL •.•. ;,:: . ISTS IN NW t TOLD TO W~rtOli CVMMVN~~1·. ,· 

;~}~·~;:: .. ,:;;;:~~·liMn;., .lohneoa', .tOI'Ur· t~p ~ ..... ---e./.;\ pBJECU.VES • FOLU:f lUNG. ·••• ltiOROES puP~U: "'.,.,, ;; 2JJ· .. , .. ·:-t~l,.... • # - ;-,~~ ........... '. . . ~ ·~ '• ' ... ; 

., •• ..,:~;..}··fi 1 •• • surru,u)' ra .. _, ~~~~· aoantn le . , .'.'.'·. :; .·' •. , · j ---:--· i!_"l; 'l .. .:..··. ~- .... .; .'to 

"':<Q'•"' <1;,.1.·~'- tM bade ot al' o-1~ ...... worlc 1a thll" ""'1 • T · · 6 • • .. •: ',,,,~·.• ,.. <It .It ••I • .\oo., r" ~...- r\"' ,1., •' '• .._,. "\._ 

{ :'1!1" ~~· .·;t· Jollth.,.fbie - to ~" t.IW .. crw• ae ~he ·- ,,,. ·, · ,J;· , . ·• • . .... -~· ~" r ( ~ . 'F__. ~ • "'.. " , • , ... j.~w"~"'> .... 

~~,H~.~; ; ./•pearhead, or ~clab:We, o.'lu ODilooo+.o4 W. ,,l;~:- ' · ......... AF.- IDA Y~T .· ,.,... · .. · ~·;~ ·•· __,.. •L·· +- ·'-• •', "fit'(, ..... t.l1n 1n 1928 • 1 j · > >- • . • ... ,1 -~· ' " , . 01' ' ~ ·' ' 0 

~·~ I 

11, ·1· ~ • • ~~ ~- • • • ·, ' ·• 1 · Jtarl Pruuton, • z.nner and • ,member of tbe Concreu • · ·, :;}:.: ~!,,:~-~~. ·. Voolteroue llcro. iatello<t-~~t.ll, · alon& · .• : .:·· . • eo~nwrapy for th~ FeeS..' al Bn· on Racial lquality ICOIIl':l, prio ·--: ··" 

>•'.'~; "~I.·}!; .wt.th the r"'• throUfh thal:l 1apra8tl•l, , ' . ,. req of lnYHIII!:IIIOil'fr~~ 1M7 lf'nted tile .directive from Ule ' · .' 

::/!'·>,:+ ~*·'· I&QNal1.t1o aUu ~•tor, f'III'D raM N14• •,;. ·• t· ,liM,., f .. ; •• ~ ,_.j oonder dloeril.1 ofticeoltbeCoc':mllnlat' "'.·~ 

: }..>~~. ·•1: ~ ~ 1UC111e t.nto a •haabl••· ~··;' llecro who . •. i·. .'. ~·: .. ~nci• r ~""""~ 'f ~r· 1 hrl> 14 Sr.a tn..".''"' to the ~,};, _..,.,, ~) , _,:• oppo"• 1Atecrat1CIIl ud tba ·~.,l • .4.C.J', bo• . ·.:: :- jory, t~•t !tom tllol ye.r• 111114 •Cfeet t"-t: ;_ . , 

1 .•..• ':¥'.>.~; ...... ·'1··.·•-• a "traitor• or aa •1JaCO:Io T-." IYo.f7 ,,.·; r··· lllroucli le58 I atteack-,~ fh• . '"AIL Commumate -.lr.IDC , .. · .. I ·~·:;:~;:' ··•\ .:::• .. :·wtUta per•oa taktac a •1a11af" lltaad 11 a . , , \ · · county committee -~ of •ithin tbll framewort: of the .~ ··,

I ;.: /h ; .~ • «,· • l• • t ' • ... · . tbe Commullllt Party ol Suta lliMCP are lnttruc:ted to work .. '\: .I ' •• ~ ..•• '. . oriaiDa all4 oute14• 0 'r .. law. . . c•·ra County Ca"'on:~ (A f b ot t"'· -~.... .. ~·· '

·. • , _ .~~ ~. ~ , . ; . . .. , .,. · . . or a e anae ... ,....., .• a... , · l.

t ·, J1·, · .'.. . 'l'he:y (JI•cro 1nt.ollecrt~~a~) baft QO 1.-. :11 . ;, county 'ommitt~e ~_., of Utude or tb8 NAACP towerd a ., •. ··,;: 

I · ~· ,'k't: . "" tor thl11' CIW1I peoplo ••• Tiw:y ~ Mo•oow'e ~. ,. 1. tbe Commumat Party oo'lllll.l of more milliUlt, demonatrar1vt, .;'·· i,

1 ·yf ' J. · c- ~d tMJ · dH.,.,O wtlat-wtll" red r-..4 ' . • I ODI' dele~o•te reprqentl.tg .. ell claaa llf\IUII polley to be g. '· > "; 

. . ~ ~ . • h cSuo tlilla. ! .:~ . , ~'••mmum•t r..U 14 • I1Uty.) pr..uect by lilt-Ins, demonatra• . _; "< ~. . , , ' • 'n1e .-ttnp •ere bel... du.rtDII tiona. morc!Ma end prote.u, fDr •. ; • , · ·, . • ;, ... . . . .a .;.arc• nWI!Ier ot locro,)1lllbter• an. .', . the aforeme~~llnHII ~;.od Ill the pUI'JIOh8 of trauaformiDI tbe .· .• ~ .. 

>~ ~r' ··.;, :· all tor _the oo-111'tl. Wh.j: .•o aWJ.ietora ·' , · ~· tba fol1Gw1DI loc:oUona. I NAACP lllto an or1anil•llo. n tor ~· .~ ~ :, .: . : . •"'lAc u 111111011&1'1 .. , udcr, the r... · ·~ .. Tbe ru,dence of Robolrl Unci- the ecll1n-t. of QolllmWiil$ . ; · 

~ . ··'·•' ·.'"aac!. u bait, oldo4 ln ~· . ...alt1,attc.l et ,,_ uy, Comm .. nrat, 14 811,1 J0111, objertiwa." · i' .• , • · 1,-, • , ·-. Calltornla. 111;)4; tJw RScGeDOO , ·. ·· . · · .. ": .,,.., a111htera tor wol'll 1n lot.. bd ool.v ·; . ~ I ot M;rv Field Cmmallfl!oi .- 1 further lftV eJUI at tu t,. . 1. . : · ~ . · , . _, .~ •JR• ot orp.lll .. t iano.,. '!'~ 11.11 ot - · · · ttlla oreanizet, Palo AJk, c.u. tha! at eada.acl evtrJ. ooe Ill. : I;> 

: ~\ 1

: • -·: . ud penoreton ae a •an• o~ Jllll.lt io&l. •: • "l fomta. 1w:ill: the "'""""• ot 1 the afot-.1118Dtlon.d • -.11n11. ,· ;:~ ·. :--.:~. . ··, · · 'blaokaU -• an aooepto4 r•d taotlo. ;; babel and ZdwiA Cel'lltr, betlai'KJ00 .. ' ..... . . at Reventai!IC 

... W&)la ~.-~ .... ....... .. ~-'1 '~~ •• ·t..• ·. '' ! . ; •• .ot all their work Mt.l-.,de u•d, t• \- . Conxnanlita . .Menlo Pa4&, Call- the IJ1d1vldual tlo wboal Comm• ;f._f. ·,;,.

1"'. \ ... ~:>-. -• IODen.Uv a-..o that thtt ~IIJ'oh h · · ~ ! f~, ltM; the "'*''• of Dlata lboul4 look &lid ralJr~~'t .. · · . , I · · . " -e· --.. · • .. . • Gertrud" Adler, CGint>uDIJt, • ·~· ·; -..l., . ~ ' · thll "bo•t cower tor Ultcal 'II'Orlr. . • , . Palo Altn ·calilomll, J'lf 7. tbll 11011114 In tbll ComiiiiiDiat ltnll•. . · .. · 

·.~. . ... <. , .,..._ tM 'boolt, "Color,O .aala Ul4 . ·.n··. ~.-;. ~mui~~~te' of Kerl ,.,__;.., II~:"~ ::'>'1 'icladt :-.~ :~.·t:~ : .. · . , ·• . '· c-aa S&oo • • . . -,. ,~., "'· counter.py ror tbe r r,;,-. Lee en · 1 8 • 1 ' ,.< ·,:

:,. · · '.. -'· ;. • ! · ·Altos California. 19111· 1 v ,.. 1 tin Ullber KIDI llaa etther bee• · . , 

•. .> •. 1 • ·;• .• • • · . ' "'' Co • membt-r of or wlttlllClv o .. - ·.,, :4 

• ' . . J ld&ar Bocn-ora •t~~ t.ll,o •• -ot tt. Jocro . . .. l <hlt~Wt ol 1\lyro .,,.,..,, m· ted Port f m r 110 . ''li'

• ,, . " :•, { v.inorlty the Ce~~~111toi'D ~p:l!n UP to a,. . ··1 ..... _muiUIIt. :O.lounlaill VIew, Calltor'l ~C.::'nuw:'P lroota.roilld'~;~ .... la •.. ~:,0.. ~

"' t .. ; ... - A . ,, '· 1111, 111511. • • • '. ' I " . .J • . ,. ., a~ a 1peo1 to !'arty 1o1n0 •. ,p the euid· . , ·v 1 .bercby furtllu ,., •mnlf i or. or or&&IIIPilone ~ ' c .. _.,; 

.: • . ·• •- ot oow&dll 111 the,. u.s. •Iocr"• ,..,. ·. ·; ~,, . wte tbat at .,ach .uw tY\!11': 1(1 e •ld t~ ct •'~ ·~'llmtio .<: 

.. ~ ~~.., ,. • to bo 001111 de red as. IU\JI'' •PP" llld 1'&08 •'. :.~ ;• . m~etin~ •• Nl forth abc•e. 6ul' · Dl ' eaullt'.. Subkrrt.: J

1 l b d ... I

• · l!ut ln the South tbl.. •~an ut be •'tho •· ·, . Ed B«k, · ~munllt, who it' •• •m 1

'' bPfo':• n~ Uti. ·' da, · ~"" · ~ ' ... ~ ~ .,. ;~ · · • • , ,;)f Se tnttwr, J~..;J., , .,. ·· , 1 . :· ; R1cht Df Solt-Dotendnat1cm · t tho liesi"Oel . ,;:-J· ,r pru.«.ntlv -·..Ury of •Do NB· pi . :,.,, ' •' ' ! ·<,, ln ~· i"c:C Belt., !!.. . \· ··~til<r, \lo!W AIIIOC&•tlon for •w ..¥· . 1_, KMI Prt!Hl,<•· ·. • •·· - 

·~, " . .. · ·. . • Mutere ot n.ofl;.. · '' . . · .. · .. · .-' .. · . '. z. '. , · .<lf':. ~.o.:· .'1111. ~illent oi.Cotored 1~ .. ~~ ~'"- ll AL). GNr;eo E. ~-"~· , .·, 

• . ·' ': ~ · . . ~ ·! i:'.'<:•:;. ;., ;•·:· .. 1}:: j'if~i';~;l!lan ~ Couty,, C!lii!OI'!llJ,, NO".Jofl' PubliC • e. • . , •· .;."':-. fl • •·,~~-. '~ 'o/, .• -~ ~~~ . t ~-i•· . . ~·-t ~ '411(4Y i,Q) - -~, .jo. ~ ·., 

. ,, • ;t•{JHfft'r 1 ; '"'T 1 ,.r •. ~ '•f_l>,w;•-:;I;J 't• ~~ ~ " . .:. k..,_., · .. ''"'''-'.Lo'll1Jl.o.~- 'I>JAI;,tw.!LJ.:. 

"' 
. .. . . ,,·_. 

. . ., . . .. :· ·-: . . _·: . .. 

: / 

.fl .. i 

september 10, tees 

Dear . . dj!_ 

In reply to the ~JOUI' letter of September 2nd, 

with enclosure, concerning the· __ r Folk School, Information '.n our Ales must be matntafne as - &nlia.r'S'ic'Caroance w1th 

regulations of the Department of Justice. I regret I am unable to 

f-..lrnish the data you are seeHng. 

I can tell you that Karl Pl'llSSion assisted this Bureau 

by furnishing Information on subversive activities from November, 

1949, to July, 1958, 4uing which time be was compensated; however, 

he was not a Special Agent. His personal ventures, his op1n1ons and 

statements are strlctly his own and tbe FBI ls not in a position to 

comment on these in aey way whatsoever. 

I am enclosing Uterature on the general topic of communism which I trust wU1 be of assistance to JGQ. 

• 

. ' 

.MAIL£Q ,Z 

S£p 10 1968 

Sincerely youn, 

J. Ec!ait HOGYill ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UN.CLASS~FIED , COMM·FBr DA - BY d.~c 

Enclosures Communism (S) and The Knowledge To Combat _ ltl PI r .. l v r · ~- -- Do You Really Understand Communism? A UJ :::~ One Nation's Response to CommuliJ?!"., ;;\'?-~- /( ~ 

~~ £t_ \:. 8 .:. . Or -I 

·=:-., . ~ '-~).O"~. ~ S~ NQTI; PAGE TWO. J-1 - . •"'. '-yJ (~;~ .,;~- G''b " './ 

~ A "r ... · ~· - ~~b J V.(f • .. . • ' '1\" 
' ;::-_ '·...;_ 

:-· 

fjf'~;;:~ .. .lw·-~ ~-~\.f!'-.'fff("t4 

~?rf:--~~j . · . . , ..• 

... 

--~ 

;-''' .-. .J 

.. -l, 

7_::;-- .,J ~:0'"-:?~ __ _,__._...., 

.. 

·;;..· ·~ ., 

• 

! 

·,_i_ - ~ ''-: 

... ~~;-·-.: '· ._--,-. ,_. ~ .. ,._._ 

-----~· ... .·- ·-.. .... -· . . . 

"' 

... 

NOTE: Bufiles contain no record of correspondent. His enclosure , wa.s a page from The Augusta Courier with photograph of Martin Luther 

King and others reportedly at Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, 

Tennessee. This page, photograph and in4ividuals contained therein 

are well known to the Bureau. 

,., 

', 

.. .r· .... 

.. . :.·: :"' . 

• '. 

·. 

-2-

·."! 

.. 

. :;~' 

:. . . 

. -r· 

I 

) 

. ··-

.. .,. '. 

. _..,~ 

-- . 

··'' 

.. 

; . 

c 

-~·-
~--.·~ 

,_. ___ . 

. ··-·J 

I - . -~ 

, 

' . . ..... _--_ ____:, .... ~· ..:~::-.-...:.-~-·--~-~.::.... .. :.....:-:.. .. 

MaJr.ch 25, 7970 

MJt. J. EdgM HoovVt 

VJ.Jtec..tcJt - FedVtlll Bwteau o6 Invu-U.ga.ti.on 

WMgh.i.rrgton, V.V. 

VeaJr. Mit. HoovVt, 

I am .inc.to~.ing a 'copy' o6 a p.ic.twle o6 MtV!.fin LuthVt K.ing 

photog!taphed by an employee on the sta..te o~ GeoJtg.ia at thcf"H.ig~IJdVl Fotlz Sc.ho~t.,. I need a ve!t.iM.ca.ti.on o6 t~ p.ic.twle. h thM couect? HM IC.Utg 

bienlznown :to MMc.iate w.i.th :thue .indi.v.idu.ah.? ~ he duped, p.inlz oJt !ted? 

It « mo~t Wtgent nOll me :to Jtec.e.ive :t~ .in6ollmat.ion • 

.UU.VlE~-LI~a b4Wll:t.\ e OW!. P'U-U.{: 

.:.unaay ~a.id, "Vou anyone have :the gu:t& :to ~pend 

the mov.ie, 'MtVrt:.in LutheJt IC.ing ' ? " 

16 yoUJt a.Mw~ Me nega.ti.ve :to my quut:.io~, 1 'U C~taWt 

.into a hote and ~hut up. • 

YouJt Jteply wil.t be app!tec.iated and ptealJe maize .it nMt. 

Tllanlz You! 

P.S. 1 haviee o!t.ig.inat p.ic.twle a1J pubfuhed .in the 'Counc.itoJt' ,ShllevepoJt:t, 

Lo!LU.iana. T · « a photo copy. ~/ 

l 'I , ,,-.t ':f • J'.> 

n~ 'F; t.~• ...rt.~ S1-llt 

·/ 

~~ ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED j HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED -. 

DATE ,sj.~-/1>'! BY~~~ 

REC-1~ ~/- 7S/!-J (0 

!!c APR 6 1970 

-~" 

' .. ·v L 

CoRRYSPO~ 
IARTIN L~THER . K:NG;~.AT . 

OMMUNIST TRAINING SCHOOL 

picture •·u made an em,oi<>H~ 

~a, at the HiKhlander Foil.. School in )loateqle, . 

et, during the Labor Bay •·eek-end of 1957. The 

apher -..u sent to the HiKhlander Folk School b) ••&•• v nun1S"10n on. t:duutinn. The HiJhlander 

~ool was 1bolished hy an Act of the J.egil!lature of 

• uf Tr"""""''<' at a I.JI"r date bt-t au..., it •.-as char(fed 

ing a BUb,·el"!live ori{anization. 

Be numbered In the picture are: 

lTL~ Ll:THER Kl!'G, JR. 

oER W. BERRY. a member of the Central ComtREY \\1 LLIAI'tiS, J>resident of the Southern C-on-

'~-" Education Fund, Jnr., a f.-flow-traveling orJani· 

,n, and, 

.E8 HORTO:S. director of the Hirhlander Folk 

fnr ( nmmnnid Trninintr \fo.lfPa2'1f'. Tt!f'n~ 

cnur.tt>r<.py, h~s this to 

Kinr ... Jr.: _!' -.~ .,..~~~. ~-·-

" •.• I further dn " •olemnly sw•ar >md alle•t thai. .. 

one Jk,·, l\Iutin l.utht•r King "as alwa'" ~t·t forth a• th~ 

lndiddual to 11 hom C'ommuni~ts shou.ld look and ralh" 

arc.und in thr Communi•t strugglt- on the many racial lssu~. 

" •.• I h«:reby aL<o •late that l\lartin Luther King ha• 

either been a mcmh<or of, or wittingly has Bl'<epted •uppurt 

from Communist frants. lndhiduals, andior orgHnizations 

•·hith gh·e aid to or espou•e Communist causes, numbering 

over 60." 

Whil~ Opt'nly prraching non·violenee in Chil'&JO this 

summtr, :\lartin l.uther Kin(f and his agents haH been 

actiwly organizing SeJ[ro bands and pltnnlng nolenre. His 

purpose is to gather a n1illion dollus a year from the ~ucker" 
., .·. •.,, '".'· <)>_·\·'_}:··:,:_.-'{·;.·_·_~~{-:_.~:-~>/;-;:;_::_; ,·. C·:c·: ·-~. '', . '" .. ,_ /;'' '. '-.' .-- ,._ _,._, __ ·;:_-:: -. . "·"· -,--, ·,·- ·-· ..... 

_",~ .. -:: _;~: ·: -_ -~~~~.--::· .... -.... ;,:,.:...· ~~:.,__;_;~:....;---,~ . .- ~-~.~-~:~ ... -:.,..- ~ .·:)~~//z:;·.\~:i-·:I:~:-;~jk . ~~j::?t~--:'{::·-~~=~>-:~-.-/~~-~:_:-~.~~--~;~~--:-_- -· . -~: '-: 

.. - .. -

--- .. 

' ~---~!-·.!._ 

• 

April I, 18'10 

Your letter, with enclosure, was received on 

In respoDSe to your lnqulrtes, lnformaUon In our 

files must be maintained as confidenUalln accordance with regulaUons of the Department of JusUce. J regret I cpnnot be of 

assistance to you In this Instance. 

Sincerely youn, 

'· -· _. 

-~ .... -- --~-~·-....i·-_:___. __ 

• 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED . 

DATE aJ~>-/'8:! BY 55]'~· 
. -. ' \·.·· 

~{~f;<~~ ~,;,·y: 

;~~~ ;tfs..,. 

i¥i2j . 

. 

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't.JNITED STATES 1 'ERNMEJI\T 

Memord1Zdum 

TO L. Patrick Gray, III 

Acting Director 

... 

Federal Bureau of Investigation \\ a~o ·~ 

\J 

A. William Olson 

Assistant Attorney General 

Internal Security Division 

SUBJECT: Correspondence from 

Enclosures 

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DATE: August 21. 1972 

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August }, 1972 (icf'LCF JIJS1\C( I 

nttnrney U~neral Rtch~rd G. Klein~ienst 

~.1-~ 3hlnutnn 

::istriC:t of Col\'n'biF< 2G530 

Rft.~Ntn 

•. h'' .. ·~~ •. 7t: AIJ I;; i1t 

I B.m trying to find out some inform.'3.tiQ~. a't:out the "Hi~<hlanders" ~1ho Jive in our co::c,.-,,ntty en ~;"'"' Lnr'{et, 

''T r··r:re:.s:-~r·~. .LJJ.el·~ is a school loc~lte·-1 on the hi .·h1 :••~cr:> pr<)p~rty which is suppose·l to be for Appalachian 

•::-:i~r,.,ri•ril,.,:>:ei ch111ren: however, non" of the children 

. fr01J1 the surround in<>: communities attend. · 

It is ru~ored thqt they are a communist or~anization. 

rr. £"lie Horton owns the property 1:1n•J Er. iil i 1i&n• 3. 

L'.Jwi< i!O' head of the school, ';he he'"" of l\'hich ls 

r'''"tinu'llly gu:'l.rded <>nd "nly certair• c~:rs are ~-Jlowed in the are~. 

!t1e F.E.I, su~gesl;cd that I contact you for this 

~nfnrm~tion as they could not devul~e any infor~ation. 

I would ~reatly ~poreciate any inform~tinn concerning 

the "nir1:hlanders", the school they run, or- F•nY other 

ir~rrr-·ntion yot' l"1£,ht be F.ble to sUj:Jply rne wi~j;h in 

Y;--~Jr prompt r;tttentlon ' .. i'lll_ be ~:-:-.~ .... _.!..y ":.p~r~cia::-.,.,u. 

T0 <mk you for your time ~."' ~vopere.tion. 

S1 r-,.. :- _ .. .;J_y yours, 

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·. :! 

' () . DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20530 

Dear 

Thi$ is in response to your recent letter to 

Attorney General Kleindienst wherein you requested 

information concerning an organization known as 

"Highlanders." 

In furnishing information from i~s files, if any 

is available, the Department of Justice is limited by 

la. '-:> servicing the Executive departments and agencies 

of the F':'>cl;)ral Government in the exercise of official 

functio:1s. c>nc nnly authority by which the Department 

may characterize -...:::>.:ulizations is pursuant to Executive 

Order 10450, as amended, in connection with the Federal 

Personuel Se<.:urity Program. The list of organizations 

oesignated thereunder is currently in the process of 

being revised and updated and, consequently, is not 

currently available within the Department for public 

distribution. I can inform you, however, that the 

organization mentioned above does not appear on this 

list. · 

A copy of your letter is being furnished to the 

Federal Bureau of Investigation for action it may deem 

appropriate. 

Sincerely, 

A. WILLIAM OLSON 

Assistant Attorney General I~ternal Security Division 

By: 

THmU\5 E. MARUM 

Special Assistant 

lll-7':;-11-J4( 

ENCLOSURE 

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4-750 (2,-7-79) 

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

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XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at this location in thl' fih>. Orw or more of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

~eleted under exemption(s) _ _jd_ z~ ;_ -J;. 7 J2 _ with no segregable 

material available for release to .vou. 

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Infonnation pertained onl,v to a third party with no reh•rl'nce to vou or the suhject of your request. 

Infonnation pertained only to a third part~-- '!"our IHlm(• is list(•rl in the title only. 

Document<s) originating with thC' following gm·PntiHPnt agt•ncy(ips). _____ _ 

__ _ __ , wa:-./wt·rt' forwardt>d to tJwm for direct response to you. 

Page(s) referred for consultation to thl' following gon·rnnwnt agPncy .. (ies); 

__________ a~ the infonnation originated with them. You will 

be advised of availability upon rPt.um of tht> material tn the FBI. 

Page(s) withheld for the follmving rPason<~J: 

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captioned, , that this institution, which t~e past has 

claescs in l~bor organizntion, cconcmics, and the general of labor education, has for years besn the object of pk~lic ecoru . : ;:Jlq;ati.ons that it is Pro-CC!"1<.'lUnist. Fl.3I i.nquirics ba!Jed 

nn tlw~<:> allerratious 'fi.:lre terminated 2/27/51 by th3 late J. Edgar lloov~r 

·:; ") r.: ;~ .~~·cd that r.o :further co:t tacts v.:!la tsoever w::re to bo u.u.de at the "c·'··-~1, This ll.Ction W::u:J based on a letter to Hoover froo tho /'J'~eric:u1 

,-., •· n Uh,...rtics Union dated 2/14/51, in which it r.as alleged that the 

Ill! y;;::.s "recently conductir-g nn inquiry into the nin:hlandcr l"olk School ::>.,.,y;~rcntly on the r:rounds that inte1•raciai education is somehow 

1 ~ ~· _ •. :-sive." Our inquiries prior to the contact bnu doterr:rin~d that t~-.-.: ~-·-~~~:)01 had hnd Co.::.~unist Party menbers on its staff ns ir.!:tructoro ,.. __ -.; h:.J \':elcomed Communist Party r:cmbers ns stt!dents, but the1•e was 

that t,ho !OChool was Co:-n.":lun1st docinatcd. The r;anization 
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' CHATTANOOGA lTEWS • FREE PRESS '· 

ALL INFORMATION 

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CONTAI ~ ED chai!::!~·l~=nr~" 

HEREI~F DATE ~ r.. g{tCLASSIFIED , BY oPff(!{T ~~ _o-.: . ,J<I-JJ~ , D~ 'ED 

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THE PRESS-5CIIfiTA! 

m!PHIS, TENNESSEE 

No~ber 13, 1940 

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--- LABOfi-sc-HooWASKEo TO MOVE --- ' . ' 'i Grundy . County Group Says \ 

. , Teachings s_ubversive • -~ 

87 vmw PIN• · ~ TlJ+CY CITY, Tenn., Nov. 13.-' 

~'11iv~h'ndcrbl1:f School-a la-. 

bor school wlilchrecenfty received_ 

a~ontribution from lin. Franklh;a 

D. Roo~Jt-facedcfe~ndi . fiSJ ---·r'k th~- It ~ovo fro •:!-~~U!I!dlllX'--- -~Count me lr!'OUnds that .Ita _, _._..-- ii. are "aubveraiv " 

, he demands were .made -J 

1 

n ht at a conference of offici 

the achoot wttl:a Jei.den ot • I 

"Grundy County Crusaders," wbi... 1 

was organized earlier In the eve .. 

nine for the purpose · of "drivlna: 

the a:c 1 from the counq.• 

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__ ,... ... -j,;~~i~"!'i~~-~-; . Tracy City nker nd chairman of the ''Cru.• 

aaders." cbara:ed that teilchtnp. · •i· . the achool were aubveraive. run:. 

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cials. of the school, lncludin~~~H·---­ Ql!plbrQWOk~ Ita. head, coun ere witll the offer to move 1t the .. Cruaadera" could prove that .. our· teacblup are aubverJlve:• 

Dombrowakl aald the objecta -of 

tbe Hilt'hlander School were to of.. 

fer a worken' education procram,~~=========~~~~==== : labor exten11ion courses and cont· 1 · munlty help project.,· He Mid nd- from the county, becaWie ''Grundy 

official connectlo~~t ".mly friendly unty 'bu received only adve! 

relations," existed betw.een High .. p. ubllcity" aince t. be 1chool'a eat ~ 

' lander a~d- CommonweaJtb College liehment and beeaUII "no benef , Kena. Atk:...,another labor achooL only harmful reacttonJ," have co e lt1!Ution wu pused requeat- from the achool alJ1;Ct It wu ell -

~ng t}l Highlander School to move Hahed se'Yflftl _yean &IO· 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI_t;~ ITCLASSIFIED ~ " ., DATE u 4 BY SJ?&t3~~-J ' [)4,) <?- ~I)'! JU"--8 ..... . ) 

- -- t --

Mr. F0:n.::Jrtb .••.•.. 

Mr. N'athatt ··----~-

~·--. r ,_c:,t ........... . 

Mr. E;;:an ...•••••••••. 

Mr. CJ:-_·.--:n 

Mr. N!,h<>!s ••••.••••• 
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'"~· /. ,· ; . . t2" .•.• ~ . • ~-- A. T,.-!ton .... 

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M.r. Ei;an . 

. -· - . . -' ~· · -,_.c-;-: ~--:--------;~ .. ~. : · ~ --:_ .-_.- .' ;;~ ""- -~*:""~l ~Mr. Ca·.·:n 

'frusader?' _!~_~ne_W''~ -- 1~:·~:::~: F 0 I k s ch 0 61 Ffgh t 'bor .~tat!:.: and ltirrln&. . ' '~:.T~:dy · • 2. Tha oclloo! il ac:<!Ufed of tea 

I Kilby Predicts Citizens' Group Soon to 

Launch New Moves in Effort to 

Force Highlanders Out 

lng · "Communistic p r I n clples. 

School authorities denied thil acou• 

oatlon. Dr. Dombrowski, ·- head, aid If the Communistic 

charce .. could be proved 1be .ehool 

would leave." · 3. The school teaches itl .Wdentl 

to line- a -parody oo .. America~ 

By JAMES D. PRATHER ''My Country 'Til of Thee"-whleh 

sayo the UDited States Ia ~. laDd i New developments in the campaign of the Grundy County of milery." 

...:r usaders to force the Highlander Folk School to leave the f. No henefita have eome to Gru• · county are expected soon, C~ H. Kilby, secreurv of the organ- dy County since tho «hool woo or- - J ganlzed In lg33. ization, said yesterday. . . 5. A Chattanooga manufacturing 

h

r. Kilby stated he was not authorized to reveal the na- plan!, which had planned to loeeta 

tur of the plans under way, but he added the "Crusaders are near Monteagle, changed Ita pliiDI when It learned the new plant oi\e 

wo ing night and day." He pointed out Folk School authori- would he near the eehool. 

1

, tie have not made clear their work, although they have been 8. A moving picture, "People. ot 

! given ample opportunity to do so.· . ~ tho Cumherlands," wu distributed ., which depicted the worst llde- llf -- -- ·---------,.'t The -ci'U5ade_;s formed an r- Gruod7 County. It wu stated tl)at 

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1. l a:anization at Tracy City last week the wont abackl and the wont 

'.Jand adopted the slogan, "'No ism livinJ condtiona in the count,- w.-e· 

C: but Americanism." A.. L. Bender- fe•tured, -and that the pbotoera-' f son, Tracy City banker, was elected phers aaw fit to leave out ot the ~ filnl every modern home and evet7 -

i president ot the troup. About 150 worthwhile activity of -the people 1 -

Grundy County ·citizens, including of Grundy County. . i < 

repruentatfves of practically every 7. -Gruody County JOUtU are . 

organization in the county, attended , denied jobs outside of the county · when the employer findl out they : the organization meetin&. live Jn the vicinit7 . of the :rolk 

f, When the •-crusaders" organized, Sehool.. 

f a committee of aeven was appointed 8. ·The lehool ltfrred. up !'labor :- to confer with a committee from agitatioo" in Grundy Couot,-, and 

l the Folk School in an effort to iroo sponsored a "lit-down atrike ot 

tout their probleDll. The conference WPA workera." . wu hfld at Sewanee, on neutral I. Grundy County hu received 

; cround. and many problems arisin& "bad publicity" becauae of the lo- : between the two groups were dis- cation of the achool in the county. 

!

cussed', but no definite action waa 10. Plays produced at the school 

taken. The -crusaders" averred. are not- "'t!onduclve" to harmony 

the Folk School officiala •evaded" between worken and employers. 

their questions when enumeratin& In the opinion of Mr, Heoder80D 

the activities of the ICbooL and· Mr. Kilby, none of tbeae ttem.l 

It CRUSADE REASONS were aatlefactorlly answered by Dr. 

AccordinJ to Mr. Henderson and Dombrowakt, ldylea Horto.n_ educaMr. Kilby, the "Crusaders" desire tiona! director of th.e IChool and I 

that the school be moved from labor orgati.izer: Mra. Jd_y~~ Horton. 

Grundy County because: ·lmualcal cUrector; Dr. UJ,ian .To~! 1 T!.·:chool il'charged wiUi 16§4 JOn. founder and member af the~ .terine and advocatinJ "'un-Ameri- ••dwot P board, and Roy ReynpldJ, L -.. · jor Chattanooga, memm Of the 

IChool'a executive eouncll. -- ~ -- '~ 

ALL lflfnR·~~TI'~ ··., ... · · ..J •t'•n l.· •• -..;..,;. · • n.u~t.U 

HEREIN JS BNCLASSIFIED ' 

DATE (i& 64- BY&:?~ 

THE CHATTABOOGA FREE PBESS ,J 4 J 

Ch&ttanoog&• T-••M 

:lavamber l9a 1940 
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CHARGE CO!IIliiUNIB'I' 'J'IE.'fil'] 

'llhe Polk' School leaders ~in ted 1 

.ou~ the school fa: simply A41tbu 

school" but the "'Cruaaders'" •~ not 

content ·with this answer. •-we do 

not object to a labor acbool, .. Mr. I 

Henderson stated last week. "Wei 

believe they (the Khool author!· 

tles) are closely aaaociated wlth c o m m u n is t ornniz.ationl -.nd 

'

teachings." - · Dr. Drombrowskl declared at the 

Sewanee conference that the Foil: 

School at present is the only l&bot 

'school of 1111 type In 1he United 

States. He l&id Commonwealth Col· 

lege in Arkansas.- a former "la~r 

schoo~" had been dlobanded, and 

that • aimllar .chool m tb• East 

had rolded up. . . · . 

Dr. Dombrowokl bao pointed out 

that some of the people in the com- munity desire the IChool to bt re- tained. He said i. petition w-a~ being circulated for &ialaturea. He 

also offered to move -the achool 11 

charges could be substantiated tha~ 

the school is a ••detriment.'' tf tt 

is "un·Americant and if tt IJ "'ffiegltimate." He sald. however, that 

he wanted .. proot:' to wbstanUate. 

any charge. • The school bead aaid the· major 

work of the school b its acttvtties 

in connection with labOr. "This ta a. new servit:!t! for.indll'lt.J1al 'W'Ol'K.· 

ers," he maintained. ..It 1a a fti'V.: 

ice designed to help workers funcUon more tntelllgently 1n their UD· 

ions... Labor history and econOIQ· 

leo are taught student& who en· 

rell, he added. Collective bargain· 

1ng also lo one of 1he aubjecla 

taugbL . . Dr. Dombrowski aald .tud~ntl 

come to the BChool from many 

states. He added that •n exchanp 

student had enrolled from ll.ulf co. Studentll are given all<·week courses. "We have the belp ID. 

th~ge :1.:-week cou..-.,.u of not onlY 

memberS of our ttaff, but outata.Dd-i 

lnli!' labor leaders." l)r. DombroW•i 

ski said the school baa the ••official! 

jndorsement" of labor. Many labor 

groups have come to the dtfensegf 

tlje school he userted.. _. ·. "Our complete progt'lll!i ~ 

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r

' •. . · c-c,~--~ .mat lllie that of a oettlement 

!J!ruse tra~s~erred~to 

7

'!'e ~111,·. 

E

mb!OWIJO conrmuea. • llll~ renee 1a that changes are mad 

suit thi! needs of the Cl;)mmu• 

ty ." He added: . ·· .. . · 

. 

-we nave don. e. a lot of thingt of 

cultural nao.u-., but our Dl&J.n ef· 

fort ·to to try to ralle liVIng l!and· 'fda. we. have-- not been very au&-., ceaoful. We wDI admlt that we Deed yeur help." .. The nuraery achooL ·which lfvea 

assistance to about lS ch1ldren. and 

,quilting, berry picking, .. onlnc 

·and potting actlviUea ~ cited 

ai 16lD& of the accompiJiftfB fa 

the achool In the oommUDI~- aTIZENir 8'1'4TEME!ml. 

ere are .ome unaollclted 1 

l

m til from well-known people o 

11 In the vicinity of the oeh J

·who desire that it. be. moved: 

1!. w. Cheeck, Tracy City, retail 

drugg!IC . . . . . ; 

·'"!'he· people . of the county are 

F.

fln1te!Y oppOied to 1he Folk 

hool, and .we think II• Influence 

bad. Soya from our_ county have 

en refused Jobl elsewhere be- use employers think they are abor ag!tatora. We were denied a htrt factory becauoe or 1he bad 

ublieity given the county lu eon- ection with the 8Chool The lchool 

ta bad mo,..Uy and In every other 

way. I think Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt put money In the - through Ignorance. l think that lo 

the kindest thing I can ay about 

Mrs. Roosevelt." 

Mro. J. J. Lioaoter, Monteagle • rest.a.utant ·owner: ·. · 4•1 WJt.l)t the schOol and the- peo- -

.ple who are connected with Jt , 

moved bllck where they came from.• . · . W. H. Cox, Palmer, president of~ 

Local MSl, United Mine Warkero . of A,merlca: . . · . • · "' juat don't believe the Folk ' 

School 1hould be allowed to llta.y 

in Grundy County, or any other 

oounty. They should be driven back 

to where they came from. I don't 

think they have ever done any- . 

ihing that wao any sood for Grun-l\ dy County. 'l'heochoof bu· been a 

disadvantage to the county ever 1ince tt came. The .choot baa driY· 1 

en' bualnea frmt1 the county that 

we would have gotten." . :r· · .. Horace Moore, Palmer, meinbir 

of tlor' Untted Mine work, 

America: . . "The Folk School hu been 1 ~ 

spot 1n my "mind for a long time.) 

1 think 1he achool to Wl-Amerlcan."· 

No future conference.. be~ 

~den"' and ~~ 

'fChoi>J !lea~ lla.,. ~!' announ~ 

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:?' .. ·' ·. :-' ;:, \ .;' (::-~·.--.:J<t..:.~....:.-:-·.;.:1 .. -":~..::_-;.~,·~-- ~- .I 

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Hid!-Listed as a Sponsorl 

· for 'Folk School' Benefit1 

I 

Mrs. Roosevelt and Others Prominent in New Deal Aid Institution Which Tennessee. Group Opposes. 

By JOHN T. MOUTOUX, News-Senttnel Sf4!!COTTesp<mdent 

; . W .ASHINGTON, Nov. 29-Secretary of State and Mrs. C'or· 

'dell Hull are listed among the sponsors of a benefit to be givenl 

here the night of Pee. 6 for the Highlander Folk School oft · Monteagle, Teim. · · . ... · . · · 

The movement here to aid the Tennessee "labor school" 

Js in striking contrast with the effort of a T-ennessee group to I 

driye the •chool out of Grundy County. · · · Other •ponaon of the benefit 1n- . . 

et~:~. ~bklln D. J{oot~evelt . Ga~i.Son Chapin will be 5U?1 by · 

8bpnme Court 'Juattee and Jtra. Lomse Burge and the Washington 

Hugo L. Black. Choral Society, Miss Chapin is the 

Secretary or the Interior and Kn. wife_ of Francis Biddle solicit6rHarold L. Ickell . l f th · U 'ted Sta' ! ' -·' Mis21 Harrlf't Elliott or the Nat!oRal genera O e m es. Derenae Commls11lon. Mountain and workers' ballads 

Sidney Hillman of the National De- and Negro and folk IOil&S will be 

fen11e Commission.- · sung . 

fen8e 

Leon 

Comrnlsl!ion. 

HenderMn of the National De- - Admission • prices of $1.5 $ ahd 

Dr. John Studebaker, bud of ·the $2.50. assure a ~onsiderable sum U. S. Bure~m of Educatlcm. 'II b · d · · . O.tr;.~~~: Works Adm_lnistrator John ~~oof TB.lSe !J the -~~h- ~ j 

Former Gcv.ernor and Mn~. Olfford - Pinrhot of Pennsylvania. Ren. Jerry Voorhh!l of Catifomla, !Tl'"'l~r of the Dies committee. 

Rep. Lf!e Geyer of California, author ef the bill to abolish the poll ta.%. . 

Rep. John Coffee of C&llfornla, •taunch friend of the TVA. · · ·· 

: Poello Parll~le · . i

hibald MacLeish librarian of 

the ibrary of Cong es and a not poet, will read one o:f his wo s, "America W Promises." 

A ballad P<>em _by Katherine 

PILL lrH·OKMAT!::;,, ~~;;V,!NEO 

HEREIN DATE ;H~LASSIFIED BY rY?8 ~~ ~ ()'+ J 

THE KNOXVILLE NEIVS SENTINEL 

Knoxv-ille • Ten:aeaaee 

November 29• lKO 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL• 

Monteagle• Tennessee, 

SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES 

J 

':' VJ<.-.:7 ;t=l·.u:;l·::~v _____ _ "~:·. r · ....... --.-:1' 

Jalr. Fo%wr>rt.b .... --

: :::-. :-;..' 

~_r. IA.Ud ........... . 

'-'lr. E ·_n. 

Mr. ffill-vin ----------

Mr. 1 -t.hu~ 

Mr. Hendon ........ . 

)lr, Rot<cn ......... . 

Mr. Trll('y ....... .. 

~GaudY ........ . 
·, ·~-

.. _.' ,. 

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-·."L ..... ·C~l~'a~t¥~~~~~~:. \ ~-. 'I . 1<'.' • ' ••. ' >=~· •. >..::···· ' :0 n. F o 1 k · :._ Scnot:.·~:;~'.-.". · ~;~nd)7'cci~~t~~;-~~!Jtr~'tJ:,~:~6:~ ::.· ::::·:-.--. .., 

j se_nt Findings to Yn-Amerlca~_Pi~ :;.-;~:~: ·· · 

' 

.. : , 11 _ \Vhen ~~]~:;~ P;::::~no~ga 'jij~'~- r "•n ·:· / • 

Representative Marti~ies, of Texas, · .j . farhed House committee irlvestigating Uti-American activt .... . 

I will be presented evidence in connection with the operation 1 

. of thPtlighlander Folk ~*oo! ~ Monteagle when he comes( here Dec. 6 to mak~ an_.i ess Memorial Auditoriwn, 'The 

!News-Free Press learned from a reliable source this morning. . The informant said members of the Grundy County .Ctuders, an organization formed several weeks ago to work to, 

*

. rd the removal of the sc. hool from Tennessee, -were studyplans to present evidence they have obtained about the. 

s ool to Representative Dies. It is expected a committee 

m the Crusaders will seek'an appointment with Dies before. I 

his~aking enga~ent. ·, I ~ , · . . . · ,·1 

l CRUS.'I.DERS CJURGE . , 

The Crusaders have openly ac-: 

cused the ochOol of teaching and; 

fostering co~unistic principles, . but Dr. James •P;grfilu;owJki, c~ 

-

man "6r1Jle sCbool, and other schOOl 

officials have hotly denied the ac- cusations. Dr. Dombrowski atated 

at a conference held between .a 

committee from the . Crusaders •M 

committee from the 'ochool at !leanee that Highla.nder would leave~ , e state if It could he prcv1y · e Crusaders tht school Is -

unlstic. · · ·- · 

Dombrowski explained the sc 1 

is maintained al a ~·tabor sch 1," 

and that union men who attend s:re -taught how -'o bette" 1ieai ~" i#. 

their employers. The Crusaders, on 

the other hand1. eharge the sch~l .. has prevented mdustry from mat·' 

ing to the county and that the ln· 

nuence of .the school haa preven~ 

ed Grundy County youths from obtaining jobs elsewhere. Employers. 

the Crusaders allege, are of the: 

opinion youths who come from 

rundy Counl)' are "labor ~ta· 

rs:• 

~-~L i~!FOP.MATION CONT~INED} 

HEREIN IS UNCLA~SIFIE~~ DATE4tN-RY SP'6tJ . .rP'+n 

The Crusaders fanned a name Ulat 

had been simmering fur &u-me tim~ 

when they formed thelr organ\za· 

Uon at a ~sa meeting held tn 

Tracy City. A mass march on the 

school had been planned, hut this was abandoned. Jnstead, a conference was held at Sewanee, with Dr. 

Fleming James aettng as an tmpar. 

ttal chairman. The confereft.ce last· 

ed four hours, but no definite plan 

#~ 

INDEXED 

THE~TTANOOGA FREE PRESS 

Cbattanooea, Tennessee 

November"~' rl9-l.IO..:.:J 

?I- 761 I " it; RE~ORDttl 

wa11. worked out by the groups. · • 

A. L. Henderson. president of 

ihe Crusaders. and C. H. KUby, - retary, hav~ g:t.'lerro a great des-.. !" 

evidence about the echool. and e of Otis was revealed at "'tbi wanee conference. They c:aUed 

Ia! attention to a 110ng book 

bllshed at the IICbool.whlch <>Oil/] 

lned a paradoy on • Amerlea.•• The 

,. said in part the;6c .! ~-~ 

·~---~"t'll.~· .. ;;,J r 
.. ,· 

" \' :- : . . ·' . '· .. ,. 

:/>· ·· .. ~: ~-----<~;:·:·~·- ---~- .. .:;- ·-l', 

::~ :.- ·'>:-~:~~~~~ .. :c:..:~~··· ;;..;_.;..._ .... ~ .. / ... ·) .. '•' -·--:--~;:'. 

-

' 

MRS. FOR GIVESllr] 

. FOLK SCHOOl AGAIN 

Letter to Dombrowski Re-

' bukes Foes; May Visit. 

•· s,....rlal Tn Th.- N.-w1-8ftit1-. 

MONTEAGLE, Tenn., Feb. 8-

James Dombrowski today said 

that Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt · has sent Highlander Folk School 

another $100 scholarship, Her 

letter, a copy of which was head- i 

ed "THE WHITE HOUSE," was!' 

given by DombrowSki as follows: •. "My Dear Mr. Dombrowski: 

"I am sending you the aame amount a.c; I sent you lasf year as ' 

my contribution toward a scholarship in the Highlander Folk 

School ... - ·· 

"I have had tlle school checked 

by people in wbom I have a~ 

solute confidence and am convinced that the newspaper attack 

and the eroups which have been. 

opposed to you are not opposed 

to you because of any communift' 

activities, but because they . are. opposed to labor organization and, 

therefore, labor education. This. , 

I seems to me 1 most unwise .and 

short-sighted attitude and, therefore, l am eontinuin,g my support. 

I hope thi!l spring to come down ' 

to.;• the f:hool ~ysel!.• ; · 

l!l j 

---

- KNOXVILLE NEWS-SENTINEL 

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 

fEB 8 - 194 i 

f,LL 1, ;~Oi{t!.A ll~i~ CONTAINED. . 

HEREI~ ,'0 ~~LASSIFIEO . ·~\ DATE ""'~ BY &~W~ 

~ ,. 7SI!-/J 

. .--"' . 

./ '. ·.~,-. ·..-.._ 

Mr. ~ic-bol• 

Mr. Hendon ..•. 

:'l!r. Ro~oen 

Mr. Tracy .......... .. 

· •" -~ Gandy ........ .. 

• <-- ______ .. 

/( 
I ,• ·~·; • .. i, J·, .. : -:•-: :;. • -~. •,. 

' ·~' _,_-~~~,-~ ;_ ... --:>.·~o.;.;.~;~ .~ . .:...:..;... ,· 

' •,. -~·~·~··, ,, 'I :-': ·.', < ~-:·~-. • ''· • 

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~ .' 

, 

.·~ 

-.-~_;.·-~ 

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... 

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... 

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\(;: 

-

Junior Or·der 

Denounces 

Folk School 

College Excoriated 

As 'Hotbed Of . 

Commuiiism' 

Resolutions. conq em' n in g the 

i""hl;mder Folk School of Sum: 

E::r Je , ncar on eag e, as a 

"hotbed of Communism" were 

passed yesterday by delegates at' 

the State Junior Order of American Mechanics in annual conven- tion here. 

The group also -passed an "all-. 

out" aid to Britain resolution introd_uced d u r j n g_ tl],f afternoon 

sesswn by C. H..;..tGJby, Junior 

Ord~r member arfd secretary of 

the..J,@'!·undv Countv Cru~adersm?\_·e~lent wl11ch repeatedly ha't 

cntJctzed_ Highlander Folk School. 

H.e al1'o mtroduced the resolution 

agamst ilfe school 

' 

"' WfQJlMED--~~~--~1 

Xilby last night said h' had 1 ' 

turned over complete data to FBI: 

egents ·and had given testimony 

before the Dies Committee at 

Wa,c:;hington, that the school was one of three in exfstence in -the 

linited States today advocating the 

formation of a· "Roe d form of 

aovernment." 

.. This -school (Highlander) and ill 

others now 1 o cat e·d in isolated~ 

sections of North Carolina Bnd ji 

New York are recruiting· students' 

tram the 13 Southeastern states ;_· 

and·go under the guise ~f a~.JiIChool," Kilby charged.• . · . r: 

Reports o! the State Council and l,.,. 

standing committees were read at'' 

yesterday's opening Session at~ . 

tended by 24 officers and national~ representatives, 68 members of the' 

State Council and 16 new members. f 

ELECTION TODAY . · 

Officers are· .to·b~- ·~lected this! 

mornlng. · / ._ 

The group yesterday pledged '85 ~ 

for the Tiffin Orphans Home at · 

.

1 

Tiffin, Ohio, s. ponsored by tbe_.J 

Junior Order. f 

i Mayor Fred Allen~ Congressman 

'lohn Jennings Jr. afld Judge Alex 1

Bai1ey, of Lenoir City, were prin~ 

eipal speakers yestlj"day. . , 

Ja•aa ~u Zirkle, State Coun· 

cillor, will preside today. I- -- - --- ---- ---

ALL INFOkMATION CONTAINED 

DATE HEREIN . 5 

~~r:lASSIFim BY WR~a. ~ 

&<I.; 

THE KNOXVILLE JOURNAL 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

lo!ay 14, 1941 

HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

TREASON 

JIOf RECORDEr 

lfll-15/1 L •_' 

r----..l\" 

M.-. l..add __ ~-~---

~·r. ::\" ;J;)J!I .•.• 

1\fr. Rotieo .•. : __ 

~..{;:-. c.!'lion -

Mr. Ib-•~"t-on 

Mr. Quinn Tt.~~ --

!'>'!r. Hentlon 

Jl!r. 'IraC'.' 

•. 
, .. , 

_;:-,·>. 

. .. ' -. ~: 

~ ;:o: .... .- ' . •,.(·;. r.~ 

Crt ·.~ ~,. ] ~ "·);. 

[ ' ~ 

~~- 1 

'i-

.... ~" .. ~ 

._.,;,-,-'-(!/,:·'; - _;' 

.;.: 

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r~·· , 

' - CUitE FOR BLINDN!Iis~ -~ 

NEWSPAPERS ar nawtpaper 'P•ople afflict• 

ad aU at once by the 4a.J·to-day IDabiUtr 

to aee or reeo(lrlz"e a Comn:aunlat, ar• ba 

a atate of lUdden bllndne.P- JVrtUD&tety. ~ 

bn't contarfoua. ~ a matter of fact. it lul't. 

even quite convJnein&. We recommend Ueret.M 

for Jt. .atmple e&Uatbenlca wblcb we •b.al.l c&ll 

the Get·D_o_wn-Your·Oetol>er. 1;;.,~: • Sft-What-You-Wrote-'l"bea treatn:ta - - . · 

Lo, ther• were Communlata then. • 

er Folk Sehool wu tbe nucleua (th 

_. IRA() 41 Communist enterprise, and tlt• arU--

clea publiahed were calculated to eXpose tt _.. 

/

aueh. That was durfnJ' fta atage of lncfpteney. 

Not 7et was It being openly courtkl u a rflaort 

of the political 1ntelli&entsia. Not 1•t wu tt 

being patronlzed. In more than clande1Une 

faablon by the "Uberala." Sidney Htllma.Jl had 

1tlll to •fteet hi• all-indusive coalition. ev~ntua.UDI In the tcales of this present blindnq~ The tbeOf)' of the thlnl' apparently ia tha · 

:when one multiplies the Highlander outfit ~ tour or. tJve-mbtea Jt ~Jth the Southeni j:fm ! 

fere~ce _for Human Welfare. the PAC, the 

National Farmers UniOn, the li'EPC-auddenlY 

It juat cease• to exist for wbat J~ wu; and, 

pnato, th.e laat taint , ·and veatJ•• of Com. 

munism vanfahes from t.be whole .tate ot · , Tennes~ee! 

No, that profene4 bllndntll lan't ~ 

~gtoua. The record 11 there for a.nyone to ue 

rn~~~m•t: .;;_• .;:!:~~b::~~~t:.~: ~ :: ~palgn which 1e part of Ita overall etfort to 

J 

. wrest from the people of t.h. United 8 te'i · their own government. Few ,._re bltnd 4 

even the11e Cln eee Jf they wJlJ oDly look. 

AI! 

___ I~!FQRM!IT!'W f'i '·~•: ... •i~ I':"'WT·~It·'ED v~., 1\1 ~ 

;;cREINdf.f!CLASSIFIED 

DATE_ __ BY ore'~~ ~ ~ 

RE: BOITORIALJ COlBIUNISK, 

D!PIIIS FD 

• 

.... 'l'ol----··-

vr. 1L A.--·-· 

Jlr • 

.... Lollol •• -1-·--· 

Mr· }ftcbaiii.--

Mr· ttoeeD ---·-

Mr· '1'!'-=1--··-

l!l(r.~·--·-· 

Mr· £pn ... ----

Mr. o-urnea -------

M.r. Beudon · ·····--· 

Mr· Pe.n~oo _ .... 

Mr. Qu;.-= 'i. !UI'rl\. 

1 t/- 7S.!_L -A1."\0'1' RF·> ;C{O~D 

87 A!IG 9 1946 

----

CLIPP1NG FROM THE 

"NAS..lfVILLE BANNER" 

NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 

.DATE: ..s--OJ..O ·4(:, 

FOR'i!ARDED BY THE 

JJE}!PH!S FIEU: DIVISION 
> -. 

: :,· .~' ... 

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. ,. 

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,·fz:~t I~ ;<i;!;':'.;, <.;;: 

,·, --., 

\: - -~-------- --------------... ~~----· -

' 

( 

'\ ' 

CIO si~dents at folk sch~l_?j call for farmer-labor umt)'_. · 

MONTEAGLE, TeDJL.-"Worken ... d ta.rmen e.r. alUM • ~ •. The oo.mmo11 people have a common ·e•emy ••• Bl& Buala.-." ,_ ~ 

These were, among the comment. made by CIO atud .. \a U :

they oumm~p the ltlghllpto of the Third Ammal Soatbera OlO 1 

Term held aHI.lshlande-r Folk School, Monteagle, Tenu., trOna May ! 

Repre1fmting CIO worker• in much of the nu.undentand.~n( 8toJune2. ¥ I I 

the oil, chemical, wood, texWe, between oria.nlaed labOl' l'l'OUpa 

tobacco, rubber and laundry ln- and the farmer• resulted from_' 

dustriea, the ltudenta .ent a vtg.. ..monopoly intereatl:," which wen ' 

oroUI protest to Preaident Tru- able to keep theae two. groupe 41· 

man against the union curba he vided by controllin& the tnstrureconunended to Congreaa. ment. of educatiQn and Jnf()r1 ••we feel t}Jat the action you ma.Uon. 

have taken 18 lining yot.Jnelf up ''A.ctuq.U,y," be tal4. Mt:IN la1 wit-h bic buslnesa and capital teresta o1 the *"'O crou,pa an 

l&gal.h!lt labor. We eonslder this the aame. Fannen C&D.Dot aelll a bet ray&l. ot the late Preaide.at their products unlea, Use 'VorkFranklin D. Roose-velt's pl'lDel- en' wages are eaoup to buy 

pies and polleles to wblcb you t_hem-and wor)f.:en can.Dot kee, J 1 pledged your full •apport. tt their_ job& uaJeaa far'I&NW make 1 : 'nlese ~ntirnent.B were also enough money t-o buy the p!'Od-, 

voiced by Farme!"!l Union, CIO uct.A_ lndU8tl'y W_9rken make." 

and AFL representative• attend- Techniques fcir carrying on ef-. 

'ing a farmer-labor conference fective political • action in their 

held at Highlander Folk School local untOM we~clit Ut.• 

during tJv CIO term. etudents by Joseph\Gaer, editor.: 

1 Homer"7\""Crabtree, aecretary- of the CIO Polltica.J: J .Action~­

. treasurer of the Tennessee Farm- pamphlets, and Orva""""nca.lcl. 

:'t!¥1!! U .i&Jl, told the delegates that Tennessee ClD-P.A.C dit'f ' 1 

'· 

- EX""I. --- ,\LL HJFORMATION CONTAINED 

HtHEIN~~ r:LASSIFIE···" ' DATE & BY~ ex 

This is a clipping !rom 

' r:!J<IJ. 

F ~\. 

S3SEP i2194b 

page ,s=:rr the 

Peoples World tor 

6- I~- Clipped at the 

of Gove=ent 

Seat 
I~'.:.' 

:_--' .· ... •' ,; ' " 

;· .. ::.-, ·• -.~· . -. ···-· :-:-_:; 

~-----..: 

i 

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·-- -. ), 

• ' 

I I 

\I·,+ 

./" 

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• :·~ c -.': .. ,,_ :- ~~-_.:. /:. \~-~1<~--~:~~/r/.~.;-~--~-::ti)} r:~:~}{i::~·i:::~\:~;~::;--.. ~-~~~- -~·-·';J <·, _ ~~ ..... ""-"""'-··~-.J~<+r; ... , {a • i< .;_,-;·:-/:' .... -~· :-,:;.,;,.~ 

, .. ·'·' 

. ->. -~; 

__ ._, ,.:.'...:___._: 

" " 

• 

.. 

~~~r-~ ·, ,p.z.:..j¥? 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

I q ~ HEREI~~y~CLASSIFIED SEP 231947 D~TE ~ • _ BYrSP&[fk~ 

...,__.·. 

thooe In the elty and the eountry. 

He &ave u an example a P'armen 

Union dairy organization which Is 

dealing directly with worten In a milk processing plant in Tennessee. 

In September Highlander Schoo! is 

holding another two-week eourse on soil conservation and farmer eo- operatives. 

'l'here Is reason to believe that . Highlander has made a peat impression on .Negroes as well as whites. Recently a ~egro acoutmaster In Chattanooga, after talking to Byles Borton, aaid: 

?>1[Jc;@ "I'd like to bring my Boy Seoul ~oop up to Highlander just to show 

•hem that such a thing does exist 

•nd that there are white Southern n without prejudlee. We wouldn' 

other you any. We eoul~camr ·1t In the woods and lust lo lnt 

·e windows once in awh .· _ T 

::mld mean so much to \Joy: Nhile they•re growing up." 

• . ·------·--· ---·--------

•·.·, 

\· 

·, 
~'--~~·-~_ij 

-~/03 

-~'-.... -:- -~~:~ 

'i_~>. -~~:_: 

b . 

. , 

I Stirs rouble. FOr - II . . . . . 

Tennessee Schab1 ...._, s. ,_ ODMP&8 

M•aleacle, TeiUL, lllareh II 

/GJ • ~ r;C.'=::=-:;:;;. 

v• Nieho 

Roo en ________ __ 

T r::;,: ___ ----::> 

Page 

Post 

News 

Star 

•. 
r 

: ~ . 

' 

) 

';, \. R. -9 

Gla~in Nieh 

Roae 

Tracy _____ _ 

Barbo~ 

Belmo~ 

Mohr ___ _ 

Tele. Room-

::~ 

l_~l- 7!"11_ f-). 

·~''·"-' ..._-:.Gvv .. <.U~D ~ "Y- 1 ~ -sl 

~~()(\ 

~ j 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~I U CLASSIFIED ~ DATE BY_Ll&~-~- . . ~1./j 

" "" v._.,- G 4 }951' 

--- Page 

Times-Herald __ 

Wash. Post 

Wash. News 

Wash. Star 

N .'Y. Mirror : '__:____. c 

N. Y. Compass~ 

Date,JUN 2·2 ·1951 
-:.· 

.. ,, ,'-

~- ...... ' 

, __ ••• ~_1· .... :..-~·-··-

> 

! HIGHLANDER TOLD 

INTEGRATION AIM 

-· 

Local Level Approach Best, 

Negro Educator TellsWorkshop Group 

&pectcl to !'he ClurUaaoo"a ,.,,..,., 

MONTEAGLE, Tenn., Aug; 2~ 

-The grass roots approach to 

meeting and aolving the probletruJ of integration was support. 

ed here today by Dr. F. D. Pat· 

terson, former president of Tua:- . kegee llll!ltitute, speaking to one 

• 00 

-- • 

Folk School. .-- -

of 

gration 

the final 

workshop session~! af-J!'lghlander an inte- r 

The Negro educator .aeemed to 1.: • ........_ 

favor this 3Ystem as oPPosed to ! 

any fonn of imposed or enforced I 

methods. 

Publicity on m&ny of the incidents tn the South, he noted, has 1 

awakened the public to the need! 

for improved relations. ·. Dr. Patterson, nOw an official 

of the Phelps·Stoken FoundatloJ\., 

spoke during a eession this morn- ing. The afternoon was devoted 

to a discussion of the integration 

progn.m at West Virginia State 

College near Crawford. FormerlY a Negro college with a normal 

enroliment of 800 to 1,000, thfl 

11chool reportedly has a current 

enroUment of a p p r ox I m ately. 

1,500, about half of the otudent' 

body being white. Elijah Baker, a Negro etudent from the college, 

said the Integration program wu proceeding without difficulty. 

b!P 

.Mr. Tolson_ 

Mr. Nichols_ 

.llr. Boardma~ 

llr. Belmon4£_ 

Mr. MaSon __ 

lfr. Mohr __ 

Mr. Paraon~ 

Mr. Rooen--f'.W; 

Mr. Tamm_ 

lfr. Nease_ 

Mr. Winterrowd_ Tele. Room __ _ 

llr. Holl1•man 

Miss -

-. ..... r G 

The workllhop Will be concluded tomorrow afternoon. Some -tS 

to e;O persONII from a half dozen 

Southern 1tates have been participating. according to Myle.s 

Horton, dlrectm. • 'haut 2:5 are 

_,_.--. 

-

··~ ... 

Negro and the remainder white 

1 

1tudenta. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~vJ~LASSIFIED ~ DATE BY SPft®.l~ . [)4J d~ 

SEARCHED __ INDEXEDSERIALIZED-FILED'---

AUG281956 

d:*f BO SEP 251956 
,·,,· ·-_,· 

.. 

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\Ai~ 

' -~ .. 

,-:;_ 

{_: 

. ;: 

_ ... :,~.i 

. ':.:S 

-~..;' ~----. ~,; 

• 

' CHATTANOOGA NEWS-FREE PRESS P~blished Each Afternoon Except Sunday 

ROY McDON.U.D EVER!;'l'T .U.U:N BRAINARD COOPER 

President and PubUshcr Treasurer Editor 

W. G. FOSTER, Editor, 1838-184:8 \ 

N~tlonal Rtpresentath?es - Shannon & Associates, Inc.; Creamer & Woodward,, IDe. 

'lelephont 6-01':1-J p.m. to B a.m., Circulation, 1·01'71; Edltortal, 6-U18; Compolfnl' RooDi, l..t~lO 

CARRI!;R-D!;LIY!;RED PRICES SUBSCRIPTION PRICES BY MAIL 

Week 1 Mo. 3 Mot. I Mos. Yel.1' o, lly Prf'e Pren 1 30 11.30 13 to 1 t.80 · 115.60 W1~h SU!lt!ay Tlmea U J.t~ 6.~ 11.70 23 fO 

;Fayoenu in ad..anee ic:rr carrier-deiinr~d l)apers fryr p:-r,ods lonl(er .han on-e month 8hould. be madt 

only '" thte office, ao that proper lecordan.ar be tept 

. Week 1 Mo. 3 Moa. t M01. Year Dally PrM Preaa I .30 11 30 13.i0 I '1.10 lli.IO With SUDd.&J Ttmea .46 1.1:5 1.1:5 ll.to A.fO 

By mall on rural toutea and IJJ tAnfns ..-lthln lDD miles ot ChaU&nOOII.' where no carrier Mnlce 1a maintained: • 1 Mo 3 Mos. I Mot. Year nan,. Me..-a-Pr-ee Preu .••.. lt.26 13.2~ 1510 110.00 Wlth Sunday Ttme1 .,.,, .. l.'n fo.'Jfi, 1·09 11.00 

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1956. 

~--Why They 'Vi;u;d:--Highl~nder~ '~l 1Ast July a group of foreign visitors 

t.j-'""'"'borea by the State Department's 

International Cooperation Administra· 

''''" '"""" c ''Pot the disreputable Highlander Folk Schoo! at Monteagle, Tenn. 

Shoe the school has such an unsavo,.Y 

1 -·t,·,~dtion, its current director having 

L--.:cll called before the Senate Internal 

c· :· ity Subcommittee and then having 

l·:o-2::1 ejected because <Jf his bad conduct, 

a ~ .-, ·mder having been described as a 

Communist and the institution standing 

: ........ r·lt:"h an extreme brand of leftism~ a 

. ~;. ,,n many people wondered why the 

1 ::--' + ·-= flf·p~rtment was spending Amerl1 

can. taxpayers' money to show off the 

!lighlander Folk School to foreign viii-' 

ltors . 

Th ~ 1\. ews~Free Pre&& asked the ques ... 

· · . ~,~,_;r,"'!ly. 

A Ion! reader clipped the edi,torial, 

ao•l sent it to a Mr. Lincoln White, act· 

~'-6 , .• d vf the State Department news ' Jl. \ - • 

'•- 'v'-- :• ... "hzs now given a clear ex .. 

r ~am:~tion, and assurance that steps have 0 

been taken to prevent ouch -. "lllip up" 

In the future. 

Mr. White explained It this way: -

"This group was on an International 

Cooperation Administration .. sponsored 

rip the i~nerary o! which dld NOT In· ' 

ude the 1-lihlander Fo!~l at · 

onteagle. ~v~Jne memerof the 

roup of visitors, a Netherlands techni· . 

cl ..... ~gu .... ted that the group man " ' 

brlef visit to the school. The ICA leader 

of the group, unaware of the criticism ' 

that nreviouslv had been leveled at this 

schooi; agreed to the diversion and the 

group DID go there as stated In the 

Free Pre .. editorial. · · 

"A• 8. result of thia incident the ICA as reihforced itA instructions to the 

eaders of such groups as they ·go Into 

the field on these trips that under no . 

circumstances are they to alter the ap- .-

proved Itinerary for the trip without : 

prior consultation with ICA headquar- \ 

ters in Washington. This, 'W'e' are as- · 

aured, will ·obviate future difficultiea of ·.

this kind. ' 1 1 

,_ ... ,. .. -.~~} 

Mr.~olso __ r. T .. 

' ma Bclmont::.;l" 

Mr. Ma:oon __ 

Mr. Mohr_ __ 

Mr. Parsons __ 

Mr. RoEen __ _ 

Mr. Tamm __ _ 

Mr. Nease __ _ 

Mr. Winterrowd... 

Tele. Room__ 

Mr. Holloman._ 

Min Gandy __ 
' .. , ,_ .. :.; ;·_ ;:-:' 

;:-:,.' ~~-:-~ 

... 

) 

\ 

'· 

• -~....1" .. • 

r, 

0 

Which 1.1 carrYing on PropaM•n-1 TESTIMONY CG·'"· . l.J• • • • S t" da or oth~rwise a.ttem,gpgg r0 · 0 

b 6\lrther teat{~"v MISS.I!tpplenn w1 hft'JdihCe legtslatJon, and whtchl ~ ft"t was thtt desire of tl{~ Ulx:; Reports on Studies doeo not participate In, or ln-. I lot party not to an anr t 

tervene (including the publi•h-i -~untchool ~Y any activit1es thad 

By T. GRADY GALLANT .. 111&' or dlotrlbutlon ot state-; w~uld Identity It too openl~- "I'm 1n thorough agreement menta). any political campaign t the tome tl!ne that the 'I< 

Ice wlth the Internal Revenue Serv- . on behalf ot any candidate ot a unist party wished tod. wt~ n action making donations to pubHc otttce" ~ DJ arn of coor ID& 10 Highlander Folk School, MBn t .- The Internal · Revenue Strvic:;e I out hereby a pro~ reyolutionfLl'y resulU th• 

returns, Sen. James 0. Eut- f&\lOVt. -~ e on that poutt. 

0

_ 

eagle, 'I'enn., no longer deducti- . •aid. that the P'Olk School doea would J)e obtained from t" 

ble items on federal income tax not me. et _requirements outlined '.: J.ol and a~e-~tnta e. ' 

land, chairman of the Sen~te ! At the hearin(l!l fn New Orle- \m ia rnateri._l was on the 8 _ 1 · Internal Security Subeomm•t· •ns, thtre wu testlmony by Pou!, ot the hearin( In ~ew t t 

told The ~ewa-Free Preas to· >Cro"ch, now deaa, who said he fea •· · · •"' 

day. !had been a member o! the Ne- ; \ · ......_ The eenator wu oontacled tn jgro commlaaion ot the ~ttntral ; 

Minissippi for comment on re- ICommtttee ot the Communist . ported efforts by Myles Horton, !party, the agricultural commia-1 

president of the school, -to get •ton of the Communist part a li:ighla.nder Folk School's ex- member of the central com itempt .Btatus reinstated. tee of the Communist p y ''The Highlander Folk School 

hu been under 5tudy by our, 1 'Of e Communist party ( 

committee for some ~tme," the~, hea quarterea in KnovUJe. ) 1 

Mia:s.iuippi senator 1a1d. t ___ •_l_ollo~tng excha.Jlfe ~k- 1 

!Ivrton appea.red before the 1 

llubcommittee, whlh wa.s hold-j lpia~e ~n-der croaa-ex•m~naf.nJ: ing hearings m ly dealing . of Crouch about a meehng at e 

wfth the Southe Conference .··!Hi~ander Folk School. Cro " . Educational F u , Inc., bl , an ered: y 

March, 19M. • I ., e meeting was at e ·-~ At this hearing. conducted by ·!Hi lander Folk School and f•. 

Sen. Eastland, Horton was 1pre vnt waa Mr. Horton, Mr. r tossed out when he refused to 1 Jan'les Dombrowski Ed :Mc:Rea, l answer a que.!JUon concerning: :the Nashville organizer of the t1, 

James Dombrowski, a former 'Communist party and member • 

beHirg.~l~~er School ltaff me~-! ;_of the (Communist) bureau, l'l ~ 'and later, my successor u Ten· "'Horton reported at the time' 1 nes~ee organizer." .. . ~ that the U.S. marshals who ~ Crouch testified that th~ waa If 

ousted him "tried to throw me 'in 1940• In reference to !h,!' ~· dou.'Jl like a bag of meal," and ! meeting, Crouch teatifi.ed: J 

that they t"-•isted h~ arm. , stated that the Communist parSTATUS LOST 1 ty wail anxious to get the maxi-

[ 

Highlander Joat ita~· atatu.s 1 mum reaulta from Highlander ' lVith the Internal Reven·ue Serv- Folk School without enda~ger. ~ 1 

.Ice effective Sept. 30, 1956."The ling Mr. Horton, or. a". yone. t! 

rt:ling letter to Horton was dat-j Durr then aaid: "Tbe maxi- J 

ed Feb_ 20, 1957. , . 1 mum reault. What kind of re1' 

His atatus Wae both i""&nted~ IUit•" ~ ::tnd taken &\I.'J.y under Sectinn I r IIC;ouch e.n.wered: l"The nb01 (c)3 of the Internal Rev-~· aulta to which 1 referred we~e ! 

er.ul! Code, which rea.d1: it lt were to become pUblic 

"r"'"r>Orationa, and any tom .. : 1 knowledge tha.t the Highlancter 

muntty cheat, fund or founda·l IFolk School wu cooperating • tion, organized and operated It cloaely with the Co,mmunist 

exclusively for re1igi.oul!l, chan-) tp~~ty and carrying on too mueh t hbl~. IC'ientlfie, testing for' I open propaganda th&t Jt would' 

public. aaJety, literary or educa-; 'endan er tt• funds and IU~rt tiona.l purpoaea, or fire preven-: p and ufe Cornmuntst party OK- ti""· or cruelty to children or I mr.ed that this v.·ould be rm .. anint.als, no part of tht net I ful to the achool and to the ar· ear:nirgt Ill which inuru to tht It fibWEC€1, the party did ah ben~fit of any private ehare-. t~·- uUlize the .,chool for pur .. j 

( 

\ 

II;_ 'i•)/j_ A 

NOT RECOnDE:D 

J3& .SEP - L 195~ 

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9-t-:t? 

~? 

f{ I~H I-ANDE~ 

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·_ .'- \ 

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f."!"-r- -....:; '. ~ 

C-. 

HigFilander Folk School Losesla~J 

Deductible Status; Eastland Agrees 1 

• 

. >---~ :.· -'{).(:::-··· . ·,·~~:;'!<, " .. • .. '<"!_!-·:,, .. '~{Ym-; .;-''S 

\.>.1, ~ .-v··.-~ :i_,- _ _., __ ,":{ 

\<', --"·-': ,. -: .. >;,"";::;-";-}~ 

;"'> -·j:~;·:: .v,h~ 

MYLES HORTON 

-- -

I 

' J 

·I 

I 

I 
~-·:i' . ~'' ... ~ . .-. ..... " . • '':6 

-- GIR 14 

6 0 OCT 11 1957 

Fr1-z-

" - .-----------~~- ,....--- ~ 

•' :.: .,_.·, . 
0-20 . ... ... .. ~c . 

\,;_·~ 

• 

. ' 

Mr. Tolson __ 

Mr. Nichols __ 

Mr. BoardmanMr. Belmont __ 

Mr. Mohr __ _ 

Mr. Parsons __ 

Mr. Rosen __ 

Mr. Tamm __ 

Mr. Trotter __ 

Mr. Nease--

Tele. Room __ 

Mr. Holloman _ 

Miss Gandy __ 

------.-·· 

• 

/ 

•o- • . . . . ......_ PLS WI UB•Wf ftl .. lfOTI I I I ~tiC •IIICOCII!tt• IUT tHIS ITCe 

10/~··llt._IP ... . · . · ·• · ' 

, - - . . 

WASHINGTON CITY NEWS SERVICE 
,, :_.~ .... :-. /.; 

.._-..,. ""-'· .' ·.;'·' 

~ 

.. 

' 

,_-.-. 

,• r:·--

'( 

.,;.19 (ReT. ~-7·56) 

/ 

-

-

( 

·- -.4_····'"'~-~- '7:nffin" ,_,__ ...... "ii 

,-Charge~}~ace 

Strife Plot \\o . . , ATLANTA, Oct. 4 

"i.nkover agent• 

Georgia Education Comnu.;l 

olon, headfd by Gov. Man•kll 

Grlffin, told , the 

today that Southern '' l ~=~~~l leaders hav~ plotted ". 

agitation." · · 

1

1' i;~·~:etip·n·h otc> !rr••ph'" 

et Folk Schoo' . at Monteagle, Tenn., was 

;. to discuss !'methods and 

tics for precipitating 

strife and disturbances." -t · GcUI!n disclosed that he 

sent Friend to "infiltrate". 

1 meeting_ · 

r T. V, Williams Jr., 

1ecretary of the 

aaid the 

W!JS 

of the bus at Talla-Iii 

hassee, Fla., by Rev. Mar·" 

tin Luther King who di<· 

- rected the Negro boycott-

·at Montgomery, and by 

1 alleaed "merchant boycott" 

leaders from Tuskegee, Ala. 

Grlffin said he called the 

eomri1iss!on fnto · session . .,so · that the people of Georgia will • ~ •know where aome CJf the 

South's racial trouble origl· 1 

1 nates and to learn facti that ~ •e irrefutable." . · • _ 

, .'.,w,,.

0

il

1

.,li',ams said a nu!!lber of 

1

. .., · whom State Attorney 

~~ Eugene Cook had 

as bavmg Communis 

also were present 

.GIE; 11 

)~--~ ~ol ~ 

gl - ~ardma ~ B !mont .£.--;; 

p~~o~•, Rolen 

Tamm 

Trotter ---- Nease ___ _ 

Tele. Room --

,~_21JL 4- ~<CIT RE.~- )R[JED I 

141 OCT 10 1957 I 

---

Wash. Post and c /? 

Times Herald 

Wash. News 

Wash. Star 

N. Y. Herald 

Tribune 

N. Y. JournalAmerican 

N. Y. Mirror 

N. Y. Daily News 

N. Y. Times 

Daily Worker 

The Worker 

New Leader 

Date 

rler s 1957 
··.·-\_. 

,. . . ::.·, ., 

. ....... . 

.... 

.... · 

r.. . ~ 

·:- :~ s}:_~pq_t.hize~~(;;-e-m~;,n;;y;:=:-:-.~--~:::::::;;=_~j 

·- 1 R~d str~ngt~ in_ U. 5 . .:~ shouldn t be measured .-·-·~ 

:.,_-_ -~ by card~carrying group· 

fj;i, · • BY EDWIN STRICKLAND, News staff writer 

~-- ·---~·~ Congressional conimittees investigating Communist ~ · ... :· ~ctivrt:es in America have repeatedly found thqt while 

' · ' _::;rd-carrying Communists in this coun1r~..,_woll, the more .numerous ·supporters of Red. 

nrronts" offer the real problem. ~-. 

-- - --- - ··· Whether these supporters 

are ·innocent tools, used for 

purposes of communism, or' 

.. ;_ _ ._ -:,; '\\•bether they knC!'Yingly · COD· 

k-f:· ~ tribute theIr r· ' · ; talents and ef- ~~ Second forts, seem of · .. · ~ f little moment. . - 0 0 These COD• 

-

..... -~ 

senes gressional 

findings . have 

-- ed from time to time by J .. Ed- i been support .. 

gar Hoover, director of the 

Federal Bureau ot luv.estigatio.D e 1' I I • , 

Hoover recently released 

the information that 'there are only 17,360 actual members of 

the Communist Party in the . United States. That is a drop 

of nearly 15 per cent fr~m ' 

year earlier. ~; 

• 

' --

a 

. -·, : 

'+t" 

THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS 

Birmingham, Alabama 

10/7/57 

Front Page Red Star Final 

HIGHLANDER FOLK 

SCHOOL, Monteagl~, 

Tennessee~­ J:s-::c-:--

~. 

Hoover warned, however, 

that the party's strength should 

not be discounted on ·the basts 

of its ~ecreasiog membership . 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~S r~LASSIFI£0 ~ . , 

' . 

' -

. / c 

~1 

. FIVE WEEKS AGO there 

gathered .at the Highlander Folk School, in Monteagle, 

Tenn., a most interesting array of persons from several statft" 

DATE & BY cSP~r~l JN- 0 

for what-was announCed as an integration workshop and sem- _- . . - - d or·

tnar. ~ . ._.·. - . r .. The ~om~lSSlOil, rna _e up . · 1 . InCluded among those 1n at- . ~~ _rne highest lftacea o:f!i- , 

1 

tendance were some who have i CJals lD the stpte, ba~ed its 1 

long' been labeled as Commu- i fi~dings upon information ob- 1 nist Party members-or lead- 1 ~amed by und·. e rcove:_ agents ers-by ..coi?p"eten~ congres- jj•t employ~d to tnves~ate _the ·I f sional committees. · school. . 1 ·, : But no less interesting were,1 . SIMULTANE®SLY vd t r .. 

1

· some of the other delegates 1

1 

· the Georgia investigation, Atty •. ,. l whos~ names_-have long_ been Gen. John Patterson, of Ala-,· . assoc1ated w1th _ u_ ltra hbe~al I bama, had agents at the' schoo_L ,. movements and Commun1st , } Of prime . interest to Ala- . "fronts" for.mant v·~~~~ . I~ bama and to Patterson, Wel'e ~ The ~eorgia Commnsion on ~ tbe several Alab8ma people· 

Education ba~ just unleashed who were eith. er photographed. 

! a blast at High]a11der Folk l T top 1. c 1 1 · · . 

. Sdwc' et · a . "Communtpt .~" '!"~ .. ·-" ~~ ,.: , ~ ~>~ .4-.... 1 

1BS~;ng school.~. . :: 

1:0(~Zo5J,f:o 141 OCT 17 195Z 

---
~-----~~~- --~~----

, . ..,. 

,. •. ~-

U-~S. Red strength 

not just membe'rs . '-.Continued from Page 1 tlfied Rustin· as secretary to 

at. t,he worksho;:. .or ere listed Rev. Martin Luther King. as holding official positions Dr:--Gom1lllon, who has ltd 

·wlth the 1chool. . ·the Tuskegee boycott of mer1 

"P<:H!erson's fnvestl~ators Ust cb~nts tn prote~t over .recent 

five persons from Alabama as legislation considered "by the 

""_-- heing connected offic'ially with Negro population In Tuskegee f, th.C' school on its executive as restrictive, w a 1 photo. A board. They are Dr. Charles graph~d at the work!hop. ;-1 G,omilliQn, dean of students at The investigltive group lilts , ,-~ Tuskegee Institute; Dr. Lewis_ Dr. Gomillion as a signH- of ·" ,. --- -~ ·t-.~ n,. .. .,, T ;-tp rrnm- a protest statement against .I ~il Tuskeg~~; 'j :·i~- Pief~e: Ala.. out Ia wing the Communist - 1 baina College at Montgomery; Party in ·America, and 11 be~ -'-1 Rosa Parks, on~ of tht.> Jeaders ing active In the Ntgro Youth .. ~. oi the Montgomery bu!li boy· Congress, which is listed as "- _·-J ('l,t 1 and Aubr('y Williams, a a Communist front by the 

;:. Mor.tg;omery publl~her. ~· ''Guide to Subversive Organi· ...... Williams is a white man; zations and Publications,'' put>-

: 1-n•th an 1mpressi_ve list of as- lished in 1957 by ~e un-Amtr .. -lo "'' SC.Cillt•or.s w1th liberal groups, ican aetivitie1 committee of ~~ son"e of which have been ~ff1· '·• Cornmu- the U.S. House of Representa- .. _ .- .: jl;_ai;y ae'-.1are~ lO "' lives. - I - . .; · . - . n .. t fiCilt'!~ 1 

~- · _': - Other Aiabarna peop1t tak~ - Dr. Gomillion, the Geotgia 

' !.-,;. <-'" ,,._;:"' .. 1,811 i;-; :Re 1 ... 9· t'Dmmisslon cbarged, hal 1ent 

:_..,· <x--~~~]; b()r Day week-end workshop -his name and support to other a.~..-t-~ included Re-v. Martin Luther similar groups. • _i ~· t~, :Jr;n~gomery h~s boy- 'Neithe-r Dr. Jones nor Pierce If,..~;·. ~ c-c,~t leader, and Rev. Aber~ was listed as present at the ,,,,._. - -~ nath\'. stso a !\!tntgomery in.. workshop, though they are list· 

~-C-- • tl'rl.-ition leader. ed as members of the school's 

"·_::-.--~· ---~ A~C'ORDI~G TO the- ftnd- executive board. 

f

.· .. :.··.,-' .. i ''l .... "' of the Georgia Cornmls- NOW LET'S ~URN t~ the - :. sion on Education, Rev. King, most interesting personality of .-:.· ,·· who hrts won worldwide :fee- lthem all. 'Aubrey Williams, 

~: __ :'-_ --i ~~f;~;~o/)11m!~ d~~~~ft Y!d th! Jfnub~~:;g~~:ri.ar~a;nas:~~~ 

I

) ~c. ;;~~~~t ~~~re~,a~~~~~gto;~·ya:d ~::~r~a~o~~r~si:nC~r!~~!t f nustin, according to the com• He wa! appointed by. Presi- ·.. mission's findinKs, helped lhd_ dent Roosevelt a! direEtor of · · . _;;. the march. the ,National Youth Adminis-

-" Bayard Rustin was listed by tration. ~ He was also one of 

t ;c t' C::::m.menist new~p!'lper h d 

~ -. ••Daily Worker'' as having at· t\le early leaders of Rig lan - · "' ' 1 er Folk Scbool. ""':_ ··:_,.,: tc ndt:d the 19~7 convention o .... --t_,.., f''f' f'nn1m•.mist Partv U. S. A.

1 

His assoc.latlons, often 1n ~.· .. .., '?i·:~--ftt~t!Jlicatioll·~bo idan; role of leadenhf'p, ·in Com.. 

munist front!, is a ·tong one L , and extends over a period of 

20 .years. 

The following Is a Jist of or- ganizations with which he has 

been connected, which are on the government's official list 

'Of Communist front organiza~ 

tiou: ,. · · 

American · Commt t tee 'for 

:Protection of Foreign Born, 

sponsor of conference, . Octo--

ber, 1949. _ · ~ American Youth Congreu, f 

1 ~r. 

i,~7:~;ht~~~::.;.:~o;c~:j _J.M7., - --=- #- •. ..._, ,.._ •'· 

' 

1 f:ommjttfe For Peaceful AI-· ~ssive Cit 1 'itD n s ol 1 

teroatives io the Atlabm! Face America, board of&W•ii 

membtr of ~xecutlve board. ; 1947 (story in "Daily Worker"). 

Southern "Conference for Protest Meeting for Howard 

Human Welfare, speaker, 1938, 1 Fast. sponsor, 1947 (reported in 

speaker, 1940, etgner of ~Petl- "New Masses," officially 'iden .. tion, 1946, chairman of noml- ' tified .s Communist publica· 

nating committee, 1946, signer tton). ~ _ . 1-· 

of manifesto, 1947, m~mber of. washington Comm.Jttee for 

board of representatives, 1947. Democratic Action, /Dlember, 

WILLIAMS' a~soclation with ot~er "front-type" group's in--

clude:. r - E ~ American Crusade to H 

Lynching, Jlgner of gttitiOi' 1!Mic , 

Appeal to Guard CtvU · 'Rtahts, a!aner, lilted In "Dauy·i 

Worker," 1950. I 

i Brief Amtcl Curiae for the ( Cornmup!st Party, a!gner, 1955. : I Southern Conference Edu- : 

: cation 

til now. Fund, .. president 1948 un-· 

I 

I William~ was also a sponsor of the W. E. B. DuBois Teotlrnonlal Committee,- 19SL Du- · Boil, an official of the Nation- , 'lal Association for th~ Ad- ~ vancement of C-olored People, 1 

holds the record for the most 

associations with Communist 

front eroupa: ( . - . . 

WILL~MS' other activities 

since 1938 include: I 

Association of Inteines and ; 

Medical Students, speaker, ' 

1950. 

Committee to End SedJtion 

Laws, signer of statement, 1955.1' 

Commonwealth College, con-

!rilwt~r. -~938.~-(~!~~c-~~.~!~~ t 

1nvesugauon Continualiops or Committee \....ummu.Iullut.J of I 

the Confertnce on Peaceful 

Alternatives to the 'Atlantic 

Pac;t, signer of letter, 1940, 

(reported tn .. Dilly Worker"), · "Mainstream," sponsor, 1947. 

Mid-Century Conference for 

Feace, aponsor.-1950. Mother . Bloor Celebrauon 

Committee, oponoor. National Citizens Emeraency 

t .. 1!eller· Commlttft t<> Aid 

Strikers Pam'1Ues, member of 

.national board, 194:6. 

National Cit!rens Political I 

ACtion Committee, member, 

1944. Also chairman of dinner 

committee, 1946. 

New York City Coundl of . tfte American Youth Congress, i 

JJpeaker, 1938. . . . · Petition to Reconsider Prose- J 

eutions Under the Smith Act, ~ 

&~ner, 1955 (reported in .. 11~ iidiker"l. 

- -

1939. . Workers Alliance (paid trlb,_ 

:u.te to), - -

Williams il • lso • former dl~ 

rector of Southern Regional , eouncil, Inc., organized in At-

_lanta and now operatin; inter·, 

raciai eouneHi in 12 Sout..,;rn 

States, including£Aiabama. 

I The group was identified in testimony before a Louisiana 

legis.i.ative committee thls year aa "a Southern Red front." 

Nine of the current dlree· : tors of the organization were ' 

formerly aftiliated with the 

Southern Conference for Hu-~ j 

man Welfare. 1 

OF THE 'sOUTHERN Conference Education Pund, which 

Williams has beaded since its 

beginning, the Senate internal 

security subcommitee In 1955, 

said tn part that it .w'i ''initil!iy'an adjunCt of theoUib-

(/ 
.-,, .. 

. ·-·~~~-'-'··~ ......... ~ .. ...., 

,,,, 

... 

ern Conf@'rehce for Human 

t After the eX~t»osure of the 

Southt'rn Con!erence for Hu- man Welfare as a Cornmunist front, it began to wither and was finally dissolved, but the c:r.,r~"''"l"l r.onff"rence Educa- ,. ,fwna1 .r und, Inc., continued." 

f: ...; s_ ·; The Senate committee alJO ... found that "The Southern Con-

• '·· ference Education Fund, Inc., fu-. ~~ is operating with substantially r

T-:..1 1 the sam~Ieadershlp and pur- ; l 1 PCISe as Its predecessor organ!- • + r:atlon, the Southern Confer- l I ence for Human Welfare." 

-_, I 

1 I'·- '· ,......;. 

~)""',...:; 

.Ui<. <JOMiLLION, <Jf Tuskegee, has served with the 

Southern Conference Edu<:a-

·' _, f ·..!r.:d, ~nd is one of eight 

grrt>nt directors of the South- ern Regional Council, Inc., 

v:ho, have been su affillated · 

(

·····-. 

') f . " 

! with the Southern Conference I Ed;Jcati~;~n Fund, -according to 

l "}''iring Line," published by l the N 8 tiona I Americantsm Commission, jl'be American 

LCRlon. - ' 

Despite ·his protestations, 

\"lli!srns wss named Jn teati· 

mony bc!ore the Senate Com. l' . 

f.· t .· i . 

~ .. 

f . 

'· 

~"-

mittf'e in 1954 as a me~ber 

,. f the Communist Party. j The Highlander Folk School, 

.·1: ) current object of invettigation ~ by officials of both Alabama l

and Georgia, was broug.;t Into 

testir,.wny before the Senate 

:;ub--committee on internal 11-

curity in _19541 by Paul Crouch, 

admitted top Communist P1rty 1ur.ctionary in the South be- , ·.~ fore renouncing the RtdJ. 

,·'IJI ', ~)c,JJ Crouch: ' #~. .,....:-~~::::~cr Folk School 

Is a schoo.J opPrated at Mont· 

eagle, Tenn., ostensibly ·as an independent labor school, but 

actnally working in close c~ 

OlH'rjlym,with the Communist 

Parfy. . 

. ' 

c 

• • ... ·' 

• 

- .. .... 

.. 

... 

-

(~ 
.. ' . '·. . ·~. ~ 

··--·.· 

. ' . ' . . . . - . . ·. ,.'·~,.:~:.o~,i)· ~: ·:. ·~~-·~:; :.-:J~ .... ~·i,;··, T-,. 

" . • -· f, 

• 

r, e E) . 

. 

~~:~ ~ 

/ ' I 

~ d../ I 

.IJ/]t ld ~ 

;;ff~i/_ . - -

influence I 

~;~zg )York.shop glows redCom.munisf 

sharpens • 1n race row 

iv EDWIN STRICKLAND 

News staff writer - Is tberr. any significance in 

fhP f~"t th<~t f"Jur 'Jf the lead- ers rn recent Alabama racial 

incidents were much in evidence at. the Labor Day Weekend integration workshop at 

red-tinged Highlander -Folk 

School? 

In yesterday's article it wu pointeJ out that Rev. Martin 

.BeJore a congressjpnal sm;-

miit e iii l\J55, Heeger took tbe ; 

Fifth Amendnment when quer \ tioned about his Communist 

Party membership. 

He has gotten probably as much mention in "The Dailv 

'Worker" as any of the CoUDtry's second- string Commie 

leaders. , . 

l.ut-er King. Rosa Parks and SINCE 1941. Seeger has had 

Rev. Abernathy, all leaders in acores of associations and roles 

'Lhe Montgomery bus boycott, with the Cornmuni.&t appartus 

_; _·.": · · dean and Dr. 

of students 

Charles 

at 

Gomillion, 

Tu8kegee 

in 

more America. active In 

Few so many haveCombeen l · Iw:::~~ule and le.:r.d~r of the munist "fronts•• and in behalf :.,~~·Z/~ · Tuskegee boycott, all took part of the Communist Party itself. 9a.~.N~ in the three·day program at At the Highlander Folk . .. J\ionteagk, Tenn. School five \"'eeks ago, Seeeer 

:.;.";~~·:·· -~-~ __ ---lt!lird in ' serfes '!!!;, 'Was in his mosr famil~r role 

-"'-. ~ • :~~ Who were sorne of their as- as an entertainer. · .. ->;··:·;J •ociateb at the workshop? Let's The following is a selected . ~...:. look at a few along with their list of his activititJ. The en· · ... , past perfcrmances. tire list of 66 known incidents ·.-,..-.s;; would be too lengthy tO report 

..... ~ -"'::-'·~1 ABNER W. BERRY, a writer here. Almost all of his activi· 

t;:_,.- -·!: for Ute Communist "Daily ties have been faithfully re- - ;. Worker." and identified as a ported by "The Daily Worker." ,,.· mE-mber or the Communist I 

;;;.-·.·, ~ ,.. Central Com,mHtee. As such, ONCE DURING 1946, and ~..: .·,, .'~; bC' represents one of tbe pow- three times durln&l949, Seeger erful Negro Red leaders in the was listed as an entertainer 

country. an·d participant in activities of 

R ..... v ... " ....... , +h• .. ,.,.;,.u.. the Communist Party !!! New 

Jl"!te-.~·;,~ted -;;;~~ii'ng ··i~ hf;·~~~: I \'ork: umn in •'The Daily Worker"' Amerlcan Committee for on Sept. 10. Protection of Foreign Born, 

In one photograph taken J.9-i9. 

durmg the workshop by under- American Committee for. ~.:od:l' Mgel.t.S lor Alabama Yugoslav Relief. 194ft 

.A !tv Gt>n .• iohn Pai't,.rsnn and A:m~rkan .Folksay Gruup • . wr the Georgia Commission 1950. on Eduration, Berry is shown American-Soviet Music 56-! 

in a study group with Rev. eiety, 1947. 

Kjng, Aubrey Williams and American Youth Couarea, 

Myles Horton, school director. 1941. . , 

A~~OTHER personility at 

the ~chool was Pete Seeger. a New York musician and list.. 

ed by .. The Daily Worker•· ill 

1949 as a participant in the 

New York State Youth Board I 

rJ 1!11 ·aa.n Youth for Demoeracy, 1~· .. ., r-...;.... __ =:=::=::= 

THE BIFMINGH~M NEWS 

Birmingham, Alabama 

10/8/57 

Red Star Final 

/I 

~ 

HIG .ANDER FOLK 

__::; CliOOL , ·-

Monteagle, Tennessee 

rs·-::-

'* ,... .• ri./ 

1

6/--~/!_ fjOT RECORDED 

141 OCT 15 195l 

of~~: c~:.~u:~~::::Y·., tn• k'ALL INFORMP.TION CDNTAINFn 

:';';~:;nti:. ·::.~h c:~m&;:::~' T RF~Eif~l~3 :~1~1 ASS! flED ~ It"~~·;~~·· w~~ntiu•• thd DATE au-~ DY £P->RwJ 

pn branl=~~ 7 .gq.SfJ 

7nor: 211957~ 

--
': :-..: -. 

: ·;.~ 

•.,; J._ •<.., ·,-

.·_- . ·:;";·_·::_~--J .... <-tl" -;.:: ···- -.·. 

r { 

- ...... i::· ,., •• '.-;',' . - · ••• ·,·.· .• :\: ___ ,_.: __ .;'~' '·'' ;_,, ,._.-

___ . • =: ,;t ··- ·;.·-· •. --- -- :....~-,, --~··:.· ........ - ...... -;.;·.-... -.. --~---... , .... ~ ............ ..:...;.L. .... -;_:-. ..... ' •.. ~;··-.· .. - -· ., ·.--.. • 

r' 

prooklJn;o~ Profess~m•l ~om~ Th .. mlttee for Democrat1

'c C ,aa, .. o=p•Qn has 1»

1 

" found springing '-.-" to the defense 

1946. - of the Communist Party and 

· Camp Kinderland, 1947, 1948. of Reds who rUn t fo u I rJf 

Civil Rights Congress, 194:9. American 1&-ws •. He hll lent 

Committee for a Cultural his name to petitions protestSalute to Paul Robeson, 1954. ing the deportation of Harry 

Committee for a Democratic Bridges, West Coast Commu= 

Far Eastern Policy 194-9. nist in the longshoremen's 

Committee for' the First union. 

Amendment, 1947. . Thompson was ~so in the 

Committee for the Negro in forefront of a welcoming com- the Arts, 194.9. mittee in 1948 for the "'Red 

Council on African Affairs .,·.Dean of Canterbury," whea.l 

1946. • the latter visited Chicago. 

~mergency Civil Liberties 1\GAIN, IT WAS Thompson Committee, 1957. · -who spoke out against tbe -con- Group for .Japanest·Ameri- viction of 11 Communist lead= • .;:--,~_ ~~-~~ ers in 1949, and was quoted in 

Jefferson School for Social the "Daily Worker.'' 

Science, 1946-47--54)...54. He was a vice president of 

M&.y Day, 1950. the deep crimson "'Southern 

Metropolitan Music School Conference for Human Wel1954-55. ' fare." 

National Council of the Arts Thompson Joined in the ef~ Sciences and Professions, 1949: fort to save the atomic spies, Nature Friends of America Julius and Ethel Rosenburg, 1950. ' from the death sentence im· 

NPw Dram!l, 1949. posed in l952.. 

New Masses, 1946. Other affiliations ·include 

People's Artists, 1946. dozens of organizations offiPf'OJ.lle's ·. Drama Theater eially listed as Communist 

l9Jti. ' dominated. 

AQPeople's Songs, 19j6. 47. g, The Georgia Commission on ..- · ""'' Education commented of ·Progces~ivr Cit J z e a 1 of Thompson that "it is incredible . Axerica, 1947. that any man with the record 

Progressive Party o! Mas= of Communist affiliations like 

&at·husetts, 1949. that of John B. Thompson 

S(·hooi Cor Political Actioa could long remain .as chaplain 

'l'tochnique. 1946. or pastor to students in a nonS~hroon Crest Camp, 1950. Communist tnstltution.v 

Smg Out; 1947. Stop R a n k in Committee THE REV. Maurice Mc1946. ' Cracken. of The Neighbor- : 

Swapping Song Fair, 1956. hood House, 901 Findley..st,l 

United Offjce and Profes- i Cincinnati, Ohio, attended the 

&ional Workers of America.- school. Pictured at the ICbool 

1949. was a station wagon bearing 1 

Testimonial Concert ••Bound the inscription "Findley Street , ' 

for Glory" for Woodie Guthrie. Neighborhood House." · · \'eterans Against Discrlmi~ An investigator from Clnnation of Civil Rights, 1946. eiJPnati p"'•sent at tht 1tt!rll oice of Freedom Commit.. ~ o.!.:_he Gerir;:ia Commission o,~ te\\ 1949C. h Education last wee~ ;;T"dthe ' 

'est ester Peekskill Com= Dtgamzatron is sup orled wv 

1

· 

:rnlttee. 1950. C -., WJngdale Lodge, 1955_ ommunity Chest funds. - ··--_-_ "": !":·;::-::: ':':!'!!~renee, The Georgie investigative 1946. oroup said it included the pic· 

Young PeopJe'a Record Clun ture in the record of its hur· 1948. ,.,, _invs. for the purpo&e of "illus· 

Young Progressives. 19(8. trating how many units of ~_ommunist apparatus are asFROM CHICAGO to attend listed by organizations -,ur-

._he workshop waz J 0 h n B. portedly charitable or · reli· 

Thompson. ehaplaln at the elous in nature."' 

Rockfellow Chapel at the Uni· Another organinUon, known 

verslty of Chicago. as Friends of Koinonia Fatms 

Thompson's affiliations over lists its address u 801 Find: 

the past two decades read like lb B\, f!t&inn-ati, Obila"·---1 

an 1ndex of organizations idenUfted &ii Commu:rJst fronts and 

' .other groups listing the came rPPPDit_ in Jeneral II the . ttl f~- ,-, ... c_ s_ .... -~ 

' 

KOINONIA F AR'IJS lgcetfid 1 li Amerit'us, Ga., bas been t e acene of recent violence and .. boycotts. It is operated on a 1 

socialized, integrated basis. Its · leader, Conrad Browne, was in attendance at the Hi.J:hland- er workshop. 

No report on Highlander 

Folk School would bJ com- 1 

f)fett without an introduction J 

to Donald L. West of Atlanta , Ga., who was onl of --th~ ! 

•chool's organizers. ' 

He was not reported present ! 

at the integration workshop, i 

but a look at his background · in light of his leadership of 

the school. might be in order: 

THOUGH WEST bas never acknowledged C o p1 m u n 1 & t 

Party member,srup, he . was identified as a tnember of tbe 

party in a 1947 report of a com· mittee of the U.' S. Houee of 

.Representatives which wu JBvestigating the Southern Conference for Human Welfare. 

West has written articles 

for ~he Pifot'~ a pubfication 

of. the National M a r it i m 1 

Union. The publication is of .. 

ficially listed •• being Com-. 

munist controlled. 

'In the best tradition of an 

the known Southern Reds or "'pinks:' West was active iD 

botb the Southern Conference 

for Human Welfare, IJld the 

People's Institute of Applied Religion. Both have been iden ... tified as Red fronts. 

HE IS LJSTEDas a contributor to "New Masses," a Communist publication, .and was a 

member of the National WaJ ... lace for President Coinmittee 

His otber affiliations fn~ clude: 

American Peace Mobiliza ... tlon, 1941. 

Committee for Equal .Justi~ 

for Mrs. Re:cy Taylor, an Aux .. iliary of International Labor 

Defense, 1945. 

Educators fot' Wallace, 1M8. 

Mother Bloor Celebration 

Committee. ., National Council of the Arts, 

Sciences and Professions 1N8 

National Federation for con: 

stitutional Liberties 1942 

Opea Letter tO Harry :Bridge!, signer, 19'2. · • (NEXT: What are the .stated 

purpons of the t.chools? What 

went ~ •t the i2ttpration 

workshop?) ' 
. ·,· ·s- -. .., ·, 

.

·; :- ~ i --... - ; .•. ·• -. . . - - . .. ; .  . 

-~~;.-. ~- ~~:::;:·~:&; :·;;~~4>~( _,·,$;:;.;-~£~1~/D;~~G:iz.t--i- ·/-~,< : 

• 

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0 GIR 15 

t 

l 

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' ... ~~.··~·~· ·1 --·--:.----,,.-_,.--:_:--.:-. -. --.--.-.,-....... 

tleorgia lawmen 'risk.:.:.::·.,:C.;.(~ :..:, ;,;; .. ,;~.:.;-< J:;, ~:.}=.:..~ . ' . \'*' t.~·.·.·.'.". ~- ·,c!·J. !/ .. ~ 

Is race strife·;~ - ,, . -.:. ~ 

Cc;>mmie. P,I~O_l. . 

BY EOWI~ STR,CKLANO, News staff writer ·'- "-..labam.. Is represent ... _ _,_ 

T•.mcc: A MAS.T~R P.LAN, Soviet-inspired, ~ .g: IIChool'l uocutive badr ill; 

hind -~he r~cial ir-Eide,ts SO widespread in AmericQ t~ fl s"~o~i 0of e "~r~M ~y?- ~·1 :-· :, , _,__,. ···'J'•.:--:r!'--.,~"f't ~:··~·"' -t· o~~Cha~lesg ~o~llfon, 1

deent_ If the. two ore.connect,e. d, .h9w clos,l' i5 .the ossocio. of students, Tuskegee In~ 1ion# end can it be reveol'-Qf' ~ · h :· • ~- •• • tute; J. E. Pierce, of Alaba~ · _Tbese .,ere tire. two ~ajor State C~l~ege, MontgomerJ; ~;questioni ,P"-t betoi-e tbe GeCN"~ Dr. L!-w1s Jones, Rural· L.Jh J.ja~C~I!IDJ.jlis.ip'!..,gfl ~d~:~Cat¥Jn,, Council, Tuskgee, and R~ · ..-.·hen d was · , Parks, one of the luders ol 

:Wreated by the i" the Montgomery bus boycdtt. 

·~~~~:i~nL~l~~3 F. r-..:. . .:S.t~ LIST was compiled ~;a &; n d g i 'v en, 1rst Investigators for A I a b a..-•. 

~.road judicial . . . Atty. Gen. John Pattersoni :Wowers. t •. spent sever~l . days . at . 11!1 

, The commit- i f" ' R_bool. The lijt lS not Jdenh _.,_ 1tee has made • r .. lfh .one com_pi~ed by e• 

:Jts first major 10 a· Georgia CommiSSJOD on ~eport. b a s e d ,. 1 ~ i cat~n .. The latter group, how-

•pon an inves- t ~ •, . ·j ... a· h~ted, the board m "''ligation of The ·: ·, ~ as tt ~as c:'n Oct. _30, HR. 

. ·.---~ ..... .. :~ 

e-i .... !. 

I High 1 a 0 de l".t:':-J .... ,.1 e ear her hst carr~ed only . . r 1.,. . ·"" the 'names of Dr. Lew1s Jones 

_.J'olk School m series· . . aiJ.d' Williams from Alabaml. J.fonteagle, • ~Tenn. · THE GEORGIA GROUP •. • Why should - compiled records from mall)' 

THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS 

Birmingham. Alabama 

October 6• 1957 

. 

• . ~ -<..-- ~-;) -~· 

' 

. ~ - ' 

;a Georgia. in- sources. From the weight~ 

vest i gat 1 v e these the commission unhetii- ~croup fire _its _firs_t. guns at ., tating'ly labeled the school ;u 

Tennessee mstttution! ;--· "part of the Communist ~ 

t'!: Because,_,., said the comm\l:- l»ara,t~ ln .America.'.' . -. 1""-::; 

tE'~·s_ executive secretary, _T._:V.. ___ T!rn to_ Paae 2. Colwmn 1 

WJlhams Jr., the commJss=i~ · - believes racial strife and t ·' 

r-t;Jons are patt of a Clmmun .. 

~-plan to subvert America. f_JI~ 

· One of the organizers of ... ; 

¥Chool in 1932, was, .and is,~ ,tcsident of Atlanta. He• is Don 

•ld L. West. Three members - Jhe school's present executt :- .. t:ommi~e -tiel- &tn&ia .. , . ..,....~_-.--· 

. dreue&. - .,, ... "-" 

-~ y .,.., . ~' ... ,.4 .. ~~--·····-·-.... · 

:(!) 

THE Fl)LK HIGHLAN~ SGH· • I 

MONTEAGLE, TENN. 

rs-.::c:-:--- - I 

J 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED f~--_J_{. /)- 4- L f 1 z.r DATE 0'/u/ ¥4 B l ,~ 141 ccrEc~~~;; 7-~2oc1 23iSS7 ~~~J, 
·~l~·;~ .> ·: , •• 

:~ .. ~~:;:t:-

:.,-:-.- ;...: ~;)> 

'. 

t', 

-' 

o;~..,..... 

::r,··• 

-~ 

... _.;,; 

~ t 

···-~-- ~ 

• . ' 

~1s ·racral strifeRea'"Plan?-:~=~:; ;BOFORE GOING FURTHER Folk School dudnJ tile Wor -DAiLY WORKEJi.' ' "''II!'J' 

" might be ·wen to examine Day week--end sfJIIllur. ""'"~ .. · DlD.Der lor Pearl J!brt.·· ·.- · 

t~e makeup of the Georgia Thls Is the list.~ · '· w. E. B. Dulloll Teitla!oDlil1 <:om~ission on Education Abraham Llnc~Hl ~· ·.. ~ ~mm;u.e ... f!. ~~- 'Ofhiok vows to ·make known American Cominlttee fW. EMERGENCY Clvll Ltb4if.;'' 

wiut It calls tbe Communist Protection of Foret~n Born .• -~ Ues Committee. . . ~~ ~r.sPiracy American ~omnnttee f e:r Emer&tncy Peace Moblli.f!:1 , . . · Yugoslav Relief. . I' · Uon. '• , Hea~m.g the list is Gov. Mar· American Continental c..- - "'.·_.. 'f'l Gnffm, chairman_, and '!--t· cress for World Peace J. FIRST LINE of Defetse · il Gov. "Ernest S. Vandiver, v1ce · · - ~ dlai.irnan. American Crusade to Frederick Douglass ll 

; House Speaker Marvin E. Lynching. · ' t\1 HARLEM Employment Co•• 

:Moate, State Auditor B. E. American .Fo~say Group. ) Jllittee. , . , .. ,... T.J;ra.shf":'r Jr., and Atty. Gen. ·America1l P e. a e e Mobili .... 

D.lR•P• Cook, follow in that t!Dn. . . 'f· INTERFAITH Cominlttee~ Ofder. . AmerJcan-sovJet Mosie ... , Peace .AtJd8D.. "t.. • • .... -

·The remain-der of the ciety. . t .

1 , -1' - · tJ!lard is: American Youth Congre& . ;,. . J'E7F]i:RSON llebool fll 

.Robert 0. Arnold, chalrma~" AmerJcan Youth for De._.,.J e$&1 Sclenee. . of the Board of Regents, racy i··' .·~· - '/'<·~· .. '1 - ~ Whitman Jr .. chair- ' - r · I.J!'AGUB ,llf r;:AI• JW·' 

nian. state Board of Education: Association of Internes t*4 tlego Rlg~. 1 s ~~ 11! "'-

M. o; ColUns, state school su~ .Medical Students. ~ • . !. ; League of Yo 1 So~! 

ptrintendent: Harmon Cald· BILL OF RIGHTS 'Co•':.._ 'rs. / II"• we 11, chancellor University ~- , 1 , ·' 

S,:stem: B. D. Murphy, chair~ ence. · · MAIN stREAM. , f 1-',r 

t4an of the Judicial Council: Boston Freedom of the Pr- · Masses and Mainstream. ~-.,. 

Joh nSammons Bell, of the Committee. · Methodist Federe.tion ftof. 

Qeorgia Bar Assn.; Colbert Brooklyn Professlomt] Colt- Social Action (not chuO:Ilt .H;~.'\l kins, general counsel, and mittee for Democratic ChinL sponsored). · • ~-. '" F-::~l, d the state's 10 U. S. Brownsville Freedom C)f_t.M Metropolitan Mu&ic ~ ~ cttng-ressmen. Press Committee. . ~. . MlchJ.I:an Herald. . '"·:.. · ._. 

' t . - ..... 

• 

-: 

j, ., ... 

"'Thl's~ congressmen are tJ_ · ,. J 1 . Mid-Ceatm7 Confen• Jlr .. 

r;.,c:·zr 1 Smith 11, Frank S. . CChAMP KINDER KD. ~. :·. ': Peace . . ·,·J . .:; .j"·· c1< ~ ~ :,~r -~· f.~-- .·,.,, l, !,i! ::.. ~-ltndes R. Crisp, icago ~d Hoc Comm t~ • .._ __ - --~ •.:.~ ... - -- ~ 

Jt.<\"CY c. Cutts, Miss Ira Jar.. for Welcome of tM J)ea tC .. · .... ~' :·l,~:,,..k Smith, J. Battle Canterbury. . f'" · . "< · R'>bert Sapp, John S. Chicago Committee 'Ill B. '" 1 ·n• Roy V Harris feat the Mundt Bill. ' 1 ~ -·~:.. .... \.0 • • Chicago Committee to S.: · DEB COVER AGENTS cure Justice in the RosenbuiW 

#,.,, 11-tf> commission were at Case. · t::, '\T·,nteagle school over tbe Citizens Emergency Conflfi'-

L.:.:.c.r Day holidays, when .a ence for Interracial.Unity. ;..._ tbr~ £--d..,y "integration work.. Citizens Emera:ency Defe~ • i1 , · was held there. They Conference. · • -· re;,,a:n~d in contact with the Civil Rtgh(s Congress. ;~, .,..~:".-,'11 'lnd on the scene until Committee for a Cultural Sa- Tll~;r::.day night of the past lute to Paul Robeson. · ! . , WH"k. ~ Committee io Defend Am• ~ 

;:r~1~ eommlssion•s report lea by Keeping out of War. t . • 

mad.£> Friday In Atlanta In· Committee for a Democra6c. 'J 

f'hH!f'<i scvres or pictures pur- Far Eastern P_oltcy. ~~ ... :," · ·:·l;·::-~ during the in· Committee -to End Sedtti• 

·u·;:.1 "'-.. ur. v.crk~hop. Laws v-,.,. T'~"~' ri('•m-e'<; show in at- Co.hmittee for Equal Justi!' tfi~;iano..:e f practi-cally every for Mrs. Recy Taylor. an a : J .:•·r ·! J·acial incidents in illary of International La · , •:· · '-"1 ~t'l since 1954. · Defense Commtttte for ' _ .. ,, , <~l:;o show pictures of First Amendment. ......_ · L. 

:·.;>·::: been tden· · Committee for the Negro 

t:t''£-d by congressional lnves- the Arts. . ~ tWati:-.g committees as Com- Committee for Peaceful . r.··rd" 1 !·~aders, plus a number tematives to the Atlantic Pa : .,r r•·:·~ons with records of Commonwealth Colle1e. : ;r),t, :~<-.sociation with varipus Communist barty. J 

c .. ~r-.ry...:~ist "fronts!' Consumers nlon. · Continuations Committee .· :1m;. C'O}!'IIISSIO:O. rom- the Confuence QD .Fe · .-..-. p~~-d a: &b"'·filat.ed u-r-' .. DlUil IDf'tlti ~ 

tl. "-A ...,t era.a U ve• . t 

0 th e . . 

A._, ....alt..-;. __ ..._~ -·· . -;..--_. ... ~ ....... --~ -. ;-># •. ~--·"'""""' . • ~ ...... , • ., 

·,,.,,:It~ ed 'C<>m 1.51. ~~--.:.·;;_· ~-~ • __ ., :rrl .•. • ·•. ·':.. .,, ~.· ',· ,_.-,,~~::_.:\".~·~.' ... .J:< $f!-3'~ioto5" of "Various· pel'SODI """"'ncu uu .n.uftOa&l Alfllll'&'l' • - - ; · . -.. · ·-& •- -~P."'~"'T~C@ - It" H'tr"'"-.nA. ... ~ .... \ -~-... ---- ·~ -.-J-...... -.. ; _; ..... ,• ....... 

· ,;- ..... .../ .. .;:.. ..,..., • ..... ,.., 

. . . •' ..... ; ~.··: ..._,_ ~ ... ~ ~:~ ... ~.,··>.-~··f 

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·:. --·· . .-r·:-::_·:,~)::~_.:: -.-.~ ;-. -.~, 

.: ;:·,:·.:,~k~\:}·12~·-~s~zL~;~J~t~iJJ :,: -~-- ;,:tJ~tk/ ~i~f,~~:~---~~;,-:k~~: :·~· ·Yw_._ ... -_~;, ·-. .-~--

• '1. 

m""itt- otber liiPor' _ . - ~bUUon'111· _ . : .. Action t!cltOOL Technique-. iciR ~&, . . __ _ ~~. --.. ~ _·-~_.!! · - Sc.hroon Crest Schoel""'~ 

ATION A .. O<'!e!H. ~ ' $lq Olil.-'~' ·-- ! W 

National Citizens Emer en~ Southern ConfeNnc~ Edu· 

ReUef Committee to All! StJU. • ootlonal Fund. ~ fl1: Families - ·, ·. • t 8 out her n Conference for . · : !Iuman Welfare. 

' National Cltlzena ;l'oUUcal ' Southern Ne(ro Youth Con· 

Aetlool Committee. - ~ • , lifts. 

National Com m l t tee to Stop llanktn Meeting. 

Abolisll !M'PoU TAl' . . •~¥< •. . :. • Swappln& Solie Folr. • 

National Co mmttte•;W · · ~- · ·• l'eace(lli. Altern~ativtL ,

1

, . ~~&, ~!)lfi ~" National Comm~eii ~le -~ · Testimonial Concert "BoWMl · pea~ the McCarren Act. 1 ,· -4 • ~ fo I"!J---"' 6-.. "'Woodie au•.....,_ -~ 

~ N•tlonal Council of thf~-. r" -• ""'·~ , -- Sc1ene es and Professlont. r • . • tTWT"Mi'.n O'J;"li'TI"'_~ • •n" ..,..., "': 

[ 

Nat!. on~l Council of ~.. . . 'I teUi~~~a'iWOi-ke;sor A~meri~ ~ ~an-Se\'iet Friendship. ~ · .. · . JA;eat·ts. I 

.

· .. ~ ... :s.:.J.'--" 3 : ~:il'!,W-' Cougr·e.tl ... _. , United Pac~ghouse Work--

f 

N.tu F j d f Am •..... · en. of America.·' • ' , · . re r en s 0 ~ • , United States Arrlniements 1 

N ... Drama. Committee, WOrld Youth ConI ~: :W~;~esCity CouneD l,r -~ !!"~8. Sponsoring Commlt~ee the American Youth Con&ress. for Representation at the Col).. 

Ne-9.· York Committe& for 'peu of the Peoples for.P.eaee. 

protection of Foreign B<rft. -.,.,. - .... · New York Community Dlvl- VETERANS Again)t ~ 'tllon~ or the Committee to PrfP. m.mtnation of Civil q I 7-.arl B-..owder Conness of New York. 1 : 

• 0 

,-~w~Yorlio~Youth Coun~ · I Viterans~Fightlili'fuD4 for ,----------- '~. · · :Eueene Dennis. , . ~ !lolls o• pubUeiUono Uo&e.f• 

., ~~~~lfJ:TE!: on MillfUY . ..:_•ice of Free~om Cemmlt- ~= ':""b~~J.!Je~ 

Open letter Protesting De- ' )'IASHINGTON Committee Communistic ".t:ronts" by inr 

tf(lrtativn of Harry Bridges.. for Democratic Action. congressi-onal lnvestlga t ht1 

l't· - · ' _ . Westchester Peekskill Com- body, though-many of them • PEACE Information C*ter: mltlee. . ~. ~~ have. , PeQple's Artists. · Wingdale Lodge. The Georgia Commission. ln . People's Dally'World. ; -< 1 Win-the-Peace Conference. Its own capacity, lumps tbemPeop1e's Drama Theater~ Wire to President Truman all under the headiD& of ComPeo_ple's Institute of Applied Jo·Veto the McCarran BilL munist aUillates. · · · JteligJ.on. . .Workers Alliance. 

People...--sonew . .,-~~"''""'· · --~ ·--·-- COMING MONDAY..; , Petition to Reconsider PI'OI- , ~ YOUNG PEOPLE'S. Jl..;;,~~ Alo~al!'a per10nolitie~ w'h9 

! •coUoM Uoder tbe Smith Ac~ Cluh. . ·· . . • ~ · . w e _r • In, ....... ndcill<!' ..•. ••. 

f

' Pdlitical Affalra. Youne Pro.,...si.._ · ~· ~ ~ ... ~ . . ~ 

A:':fer:ssi~ C;1t~-~ e:~~~-:~f:- NOT ALL of the 91'£aniza.. -¥~~!~P~f;~.i_~~~-~ .!~::'~ 

Proeresslve Party of Jfapo.~' ·-=·. 

cbusetts. · t ~ , 

- Protes~ Meeting for Ho,e~ . ,. -_. - Fm. t., .:.-:·• .. 

Protesf ant Digest Assoclalal.. ft. : .. _ ... .-- . Protf>st Against Verdic~-~ 

'r ~Guilt,y in Ca.e of 11 Commu- f 

Dilt laders. 

~ . ·H 

-;·-

' 

.... ~ 

....._._, 
...____, . - _,.....,:.__. __ : -·. : .. -~:: .. .'·....,,_~ ,_., ... _:.: ..... :.a;..::..~·..;.;·.:....:.....~·l. ;-;.;-;;- f ;:-;::· ·i: <: ~ 

_, -:·~-~~··.,·;.: , 

y;

, .. ~-.. , 

-. ..... - .. . / 

./ . 

c 

~· . 

Ot~tlined in 19\ ·< ,-·~ __ , .. -~ . -~:-

;. Raciar tWents in SOuth, 

t1 

~~~ :•·,, 

!.~~~~.~i~:~:.~;~~ In 1928 a self-avowed Corn- sented a blue print for endin~ ~r!.:L~ 3. Abolition ol alllawa which . ·,: lrnuHh,t spokesman wr[lte a· this harmony. disfranchise tbe Negroes."· ... - -_ · i ,- P.:.znph~ct w h i c b he called 4. Abolition of all laws- for- ._,._ ~ -. ....... .. A. merJcan Ne.gto Problems."- PEPPER PRESENTED as 1 .. biddJng intermarriage Gf pep. 

v- Ros~n 

Tamru 

Trvtt(ft-__ .., 

Mr. "t-..·ra"e ___ _ 

T£"le. Room __ _ 

Mr. Holloman_ 

Miss Gandy_ 

· .·. · --, ·1 ·. \\ith ~--~e many 

"raer, aliases, John 

drew Pepper; a pat-' ~!-elude e said were 

to his 

"the pamphlet princjpal 

wb. 

de-: 

at 

' 

sons 5. Abolition of different 

Of all 

races. Jaw& and II': - ~ern of events today that are ands for the _p p pressed public admjnistration rileBS.. THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS _ ..... _., 1

· __ . ,_ :::-~- t-: th~ point of beint;' egro masses 'as embOdied ttl ure& which prohibit, or in pra~ 

:.;,,.._,, ama=g. · e platform of the Workers tlce prevent, Negro childrea Birmingham, Alabama ..,~c~ ---Fourth of a serl-05--- Communist) Party of Amer· or youth from attending gen. l0/9

/ ~ ica": eral public schools or univer- 57 .7. ·-A!te-i'-rcadbYng1 

his pamphlet, 1 Ab l'tlon of the hole sitles. . _. : Front Page • JOld:~ \;uutd e ed to believe · 01 w 6. FuU and equal admfttance'-

ftbat l:le was either a man system of race discrimination. of Negroe~ to all raUwa~sta- ~ Red Star Final ~~ ~ ~~ ~I possessing clalrvoyant powers, Full racial, political and social tion wtftngl'ooms, restauran~ -~ :_<1 or t!Jat we haYe moved' un· equality for the Negro race. • hotels and theaters. 11 

i~ . j Prringly alo. ng the path long ~- Abolition of laws which 7. J:ederallaw against }ynch· ~ F">., , ago planned for the South by result fn segregation. of Ne- fng and the protection of the• HIGHT HTT"'"'n "'"LK Sf"Uf'll"lL 

: · ·"'-! Lenin, Stalm and other Reds. groes. Abolition of ali Jim Negro masses fn tbefr right Of """'~--' .1.1 ~ ' 

· In this pamphlet Pepper ad- Crow laws. The law shall for- oell-defense. · · Monteagle_, Tennessee. ~ .. · '. \~lHed, J1most bitterly, tbat bid all discrimination agains~ Tur~ to ~age 3, CeJ:rr·· 'r: zg--::~·C • -~-- ~ --~~ 

~ " t· 

F ... -

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN. IS UNCLASSIFIED ~"""' 11ATF ,3)1L~BY @?K"~ ~ I d 'f j 

- - -

-

-

- • 

·--

-
·.·'k-: ' .. . _-..• ..: r '· ... 

,. 

' 

· I · s ~ dL .In,! --Seminar d\sc'usslon- iii 

R

1 

a

1

c

1

ia .eveRnf,~iJI. ~~t~ §f~~~ o ow1ng . e . _pattern .~:::I:;:e:~::~~::~ ' I teacher who was fired in South' -Continued from Paget the full cooperation of the mi:- is integration,.'!:. Carolina· and is now on the' 

8. Abolition of discriminatory ljority of Southern leaders. It's The Programming of the Highlander staff, led off by7 

flractices in c 0 u r t 5 agalnst typical .of the Communist Par· school's activities for 1957 was talking about her part in Clln- ~ury service. ty that it includes In fts aims then announced: ton, Tenn. She deplored the 

9. Abolition of the cotwict things on which almost every· Twelve integration work- fact that one of the student.; 

lease !iystem and of the chain one can agree as Just and equi- · Jhqps. who began the lntegratiod 

18:o~·Abolition of all Jim Crow ta~~~~ purpose of _this .enumer- atJ'nw=~f:S~r weeki of aien- :u~v~f ~~1;~1 t.d h!;~are~t!: 

~t;;J~ ·aJ•u Clvli SerVIce. IS to show a ~arallel wrth _t,he these is to train integration for the· integration workshops J! 11 Immediate removal of all 2S-year..old pohcy of T_he H1gh- leaders in the South. • this year, with the announQf!d 

distinction in the Army,' Navy I ~t•on of Communrst am~s here The announced -purpose of - That meeting set the goal 

·. . lander Folk School, 1n Mont- purpose of training 400 integra- rest_rlctJOns in all trade umons eagle, Tenn., and how it has How well the school has sue- j tion leaders 8 month. \ _. 

Foes._ look at the leaders of all the "".u12. Equal opportunity fpr em- In the July, 1956 issue of majpr racial incidents. All , tral .Association Qnertcr!lh In 

agamst the membership of Ne- worked toward these goals.. 1 ceeded can be seen from a Writing in. --.I'he North c--

ployment, wages, hours, and ••Hig?lander Reports~._ a pub-- have' now, Or in the past have 1 ~'1!7%, llotton. wh~ was then 

'9.'orking conditions for Negro U~ahon of the racially fnt~r· had, training at the school. lliiJ:ed as educaUoD -~~:\.'~!~~ and wh1te workers. Equal pay mlXed sc~ool, ,tae executiv~ As late as Feb. 20, 1957, the Uie 0 DPted PaCking ouse for equal work for Negro and council. sa1d: · ~ommissioner of IQternai Rev- Worken: Un1on, expressed hil . ~!,He workers. "The Immediate and cbal- nue,· U. S, Treasury Depart. feeling about Iabot'& PJlrl m." :~.~--.·_:; __ ·:~-·~ ~ ~hnJ' e' these ~fnts have Jenging task confrontlng,h se · ent, w-ashington, D. C., took the race etruggle1 

!.._ _ , ~ong since been realized with "'ho desire a democratic ou ,. look at the ~eboors. activities "'With organized labor .and -........ ~ ---~ · ---- and at Its tax--exempt status, puQlic education• -united in 

--~~.-:::: nd ruled that contributions to vision and ill daily operations __ ~A: he school wm not tn the fu.:. we would be 1n a position to ."~,.,_____ ture be exempt from .i~co1p.e / make Democrac1

, a .reality .. _ 

-; ... ~:."'~. ,._. ... tax. ·: -· - _, ~ ·: '" - 1 "No longer would distinction 

~ .. ~j -THIS DECISION was based : / cf classes, of race, and religion .• ~-: upon 8 finding that "your staff ~.- be tolerated. The sc_h.ools could. 

·. ··.·i1·· t~;- rise to the challenge of the ::.".-7,;; and students have participated day and help ,·n the creatr'on in strikes at various places ... ~ 'i&. it 4s lhown ~: . that your activ- of en army of d&mocracy 

=ti~----~ !ties also· include ..• promot- ~~~rt1c~: !!;e ~~ug .. ~::.~,-,:!".-dn_·. ~:?·· -- . :r lng certaia reforms"'" throUgh ... rt~.-:---_; ~ organized action pro«rams and people, an ar~y 10 vast ·yd . ;::..:~~:_ ,. other means, as evidenced by so determined that nothing _un- 1 

~~::-, th f 1 · democratic could stand in· iU 

--::..-.~;~- ' ~::~~io;~:~ .::~!urw::n:~ pa~:··get ba~k i~ the ~ost .· · 

2.-"'!. "'Our purpose ll -deliberately f!ent workshop, an aimounee- . :-·A·~--~- to use education for the real- ment from the llchool, aaid .._ .-. ·:- .,... ization of certain social and .. progress reports," will be 

cultural values. We do- not made "'from sucb key areu in 

!d th d tl the South as Clinton, Tenn.; · cons er 0 er e uca on any Koinonia Farm, an fnterra•fal less propaganda, because its '" teacher~ ·are ignorant of the Chtistian community at A.uieri ... ..,._ fact that they are supporting us, Ga.; Birmingham, Ala .• · an unethical STATUS QUO, nd Tal!ahassee, l'Ja. Work- . than our approach which con- hops will consider the impll- " 

sciously seeks to bring about ations of integration for a more Just social order ...... :• burch ·groups, educators,~-:< 

. Myles Horton, ihe. school's trade unions, business and ln- --. . dustry and communf!Y and 

p

1

hresfent ~~ectlsor and troone oiDf cittc 'mgaftizationa.·.W""-,.;;;;;· • e ounu.:rs, no:w s ng ; ,. A• -~ _ • . - · ad~ocating placid compliance 1 in the South to the Integration I 

edict. But let us loot' at his . actiota prior to- the 1954 cfe.- i 

clsion of the U. S. Supreme Court, ·when the "separate 

l2ll~ u;o!r i:tQ. -:~· 
';--_ 

r T H E ANNOUNCEMENT 

I aU)· f<!'ahn'«< talks by the Rev. 

:\lartin Luther King of Montoomery on "The Look to the ~ture," and. by Aubrey Wil· 

hams, Montgomery publisher, nn " A New Dealer Looks at 

·til£> Present.." 

Something apparently fell 

through on the Birmingham 

report. Undercover agents .. who attended the session re- ported they could' not identify 

11ny known integration leader 

from Birmingham. 

King later outltned in his I h1k wh~t hf' said were the 

·!three major periods in the Ne-gro·~ rtse to what he Called 

••c..o.n: •. t'l.~integration." 

';K~ ... :..,~~ Williams did not""'"s"~"'""'&IC!IIftl. ~~ piete integration. He lashed ·_ l ha:rd .::.t Southern leaders who .~ '~· oppost- complete eompllance 

wltn h1tegrabon orders, but 

noted that "the South seems 1 i~~~nucf~~h~~~~~~fr.!~ give any ~ He said furthE'r that "more- '~ over. WE' arf moving steadily ·~ in the direction of more rigid '~ and widf"r denials. We are go- , · -· ing to new lenltths in estab- . • "--i ~bldng the rigidity of separa- . "-' !Jon." f

·.·_ .. ·._·-_,·~_··c. __ -~-~ Williams lashed .at SoUther:n . ~· senators, governors and other 

leaders for what he said was 1 

[

. /. · ::\ ~and 

4

'1ittle short of innnity." _. · ·, -, H~ darnru:d Atty. Gen. John 

_o;.:: -~ atterson for what he called 

i;·--·---' ~-· rseizu:-e of records. of I citi- r

-o(_ ~-- 4 ens organization whose activi· 

. ~ iH are limited to protesting 1 

-- .. -;:-" 

l ;:;.w whi~h h9d wiped out their 

Tight to vote •.•• " _ , , . , -~- .t.o;.-<l-U ~u Idi.U:!!SODI t

seizure of records of a Negro 

group at Tuskegee, led by 

Charles Gomillion, dean of 

j::JndPnU: at Tuskegt>e Institute, 

which boycotted white mer- chants. 

Willi3ms concluded that the course being followed by the 

South could lead to .. armed 

rebellion," and p Junge the 

South again into war. ' · H!'rP's a partial program of 1 

tllf' l.abor Day week-end inte- 6~".alion work .shop, u an- nounced by the schoo0

1. ___ ,. 

••.f' l• lt'i • , ! ; 4Ug. 30. ~ ~, 2:3:0 p.m ... An Overview of 

Integrilfjpn in tJle Squth Tqday," J obll Hope II. 

"Integration Beachheads" ... ·Report of Progress and ProbleMs. 

. Tuskegee, Ala •• ~ •• Cbarle1 

Gomillion. 

Johns Island, S. C .••• Bernice Robinson. 

Ta1labassee, Fla .••• David 

....H. Brooks. 

Montgomery, AIL ••• llosa 

·Parks. 

Southern UnioM •• • • Ralph Helstein. . 

Koinonia Farm ••• Conrad 

Browne. 

Qli ten, Tenn. Sept.irD.a Clark. 

' 

... • 

• .. -

. •.· 

·-·'r"''"'>''~'"t:'::,)j_&_~ ~ff~;i~~~f_.;_'.i_r_~·'_;'_!Z.~00~.~;_.·5?:\:j~},(E~?~:7 ~~~-;--:- ··:-· -·--~ --.. ~ ,·.-._; ;;..~·,. - - . ' 
... ,, 

;.-.. . - C·. 

' 

BY EDWIN STRICKLAND hangs delicately In tbe bal• 

"" Nows staff writer . ance. The race issue in America Several states have undertrJday is ''top priority" for our taken to feiTet out the Red 

home·grown Reds and their :fronts behind race incidents; 

Sodet advisers. Some fault has been laid di-

--:_, ~ The. NegroeH and whites rectly at the door of the Na-

-~~~~-~ ... · . .- 1 csh·:l.ght 1in the destructive tiatJal Assn. ~or the Advanc~ -.- ~ ~! rrlpoo of strife and. emo- ment of Colored People, which 

u._...,, .~!c. !.!;~ .. c.' {lawns lD the has been barred from activity · C<Jmmunist. master plan which in Alabama and several oilier 

1.'1& bf'en spdh·d out for us by 1tates. ~ • ··' ' 1 " tht•mselves. But the fault goes much ~").~ These conclusions are ines- deeper than the NAACP, the. 

capable to one who takes the • facts indicate. 

t1r-·,,. .':!r·,d t ,·!···rt to look be- -~~ hind the sN~nes and see who .is SOME LEADERS say we have been protecting too many · : ~tr::mgln? thf" stalle settings. "sacred cows" disguised under 

· -!? --~hT.cf a -~eries · })atriotic and religious labels. 

..... ,.· . ..:.-.. -...A_}-;:;;-jile_~-r;:;JJRhie is a fact· Fully half of tbe officially ., thnt ntc_:,· come as a shock to labeled Communist fronts go ·. ~oc.d AmeriL·ans who have 81-· under names which begin ·-· _,··:::; WhYS been taught that De- with tbe word ·"'Ameriean." A 

.. :m•)I'!"!H'Y is rul~ by the ma-- large percentage begin with •• -_ -· · jority. - - the words .. Christian" or Re- -~ Tbf :;hattf'-rlng truth that ligious" or some othtr word 

has demonstrated itself tim& indicating the group to be re- and time again is that the un- Iigious in chara-cter. orgc.niz~d majority is voice- Congressional ~eatings and le.c:~ and ·without the means of· numerous official tnvestigamaking ir.s will felt. It is the tions have established the fact 

-_;;::::;-,1-.· •Jr:;'l.r.iz~d. militant and that the Communists seE!k 

ofh.'D rutUess minorities which anonymity in highly'l'eSpeeted rule a'mn<:t e\'ery facet of our organizations, then work from ~ . ., .. l!<~tional We today. . within to change the character ~ C!".Iir-f z:::r·.r ;; those militant and purpose of those organiza- 1 !"''l;~r.rHi.,,.. i~ the Conununist tions to mak~ them fit Into 

·· PaL.>.~ ~.A., and the literal· Communist plans.· · · · · ;i unts" be- Labor unions, cooperatives. 

<; hind which it dLguises itself. civic and patriotic groups, eduCumrmmism in America hail cationallnstitutlons, eharitable !l'li:UJY f~cf'<>. -organizations and even Resp~nsibl~ ~outhem lead- churches have been infiltrated •rs spr&k ~:')r.erely-when they by Red agents and their _"yes 

charge thet bel-lind Southern men." -· ' nc~ ~f'lr:id<O"r.ts lurk the crim- These facts 1re known to s-on shadow of International 1gents of the Federal Bureau 

Communism. - of Investigation, end often by 

- t;- Previcns artkle!!! tn tbJs se- I e ad e r 1 of the infiltratetl 

rfes baH~ attempted to explore groups. Only the latter', and 

thf' b:"J<;i~_ fc; these charges. an informed membership, can : 

GlR lt9 

IV' 

sounding statement'"Uf p& 

poses and see whether It il 

really working for American 

ldeala. · 

2. Read tbe list of Its opon- t 

sors, organizers, donars and . board of directors. If you find 

there are names of persons ~ kDO'Wn. to have COnnections I 

with "front groups" it would 

justify you \<J look further. 

3. If the end result of the 

policies of the organization would be strife or d_isorder, or , THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS t/" 

would give aid and comfort to Birmi~ham 1 Alabama 

tbe enemie.s of our. society, l0/11 57 • / 

you "re strik.mg pay dtrt. y· .. Gov, Marvin Griffin of" Red Star FJ.nal 

Georgia charged that Commu- ~ 

nist are "preying upon mem- bers of both races" in ~reat- . ing discord. He has avowed 

to expose what be calls the 

entire Communist conspiracy behind the race issue. ;-

.QJ{L~NDER FOLK .SCJlQOL, 

ofit1!al1' J;.~~IHl" sse e • 

C -·. --· -~ .,.,...-'-<.. .. .__ 

ALABAMA'S atto~ney gen- ( 

eral, John Patterson, said bll .- .- investigations have disclosed · connections between race boycotts in Montgomery and Tuskegee. and The Highlander Folk School in Monteagle. 

Tenn., which bas been called \ "a Communist training ichool'" ·

1 by the Georeia Commission on · 

Education. The school, through Its ,. own D' publlcatio~s. stated that its 

field agents worked in almost 

every Southern city where race incident& have occurred 

The 23rd annual report o'f ,- the school listed its "accom- plishm~nts"' of the past 121 

months. It listed 11 residential 

workshops, dealing with everything from labor union -.etlvity I 

- . 

to the United Nations tg "~. ,It !!thoo!Dese;regal /./ _ r', /-j') .:W."!kabop.:._;.,. . I / ..:J 

..... -~ .. --ld I )h,l)\-.!0 ...... , ... ,, -. 

.-,.-· , I 

T1~ r:,-:-i:r:_t!,. nrP clear: The stop such use of lheir organi- 1 ~~._,,,,;h,''-~'-"' "''''~ 1.Leir fellow zations .by the Reds. • _ I 

-t:ra-;P.le!'.s have seized upon a How can you tell whether J'79 

!ltuatlon of their own making baneloonrgg~aRtelod~lnftoe~bJ.eh_Yl> 3 ocf241957 

76 OCT 23 1~57 

to b: --'~; "~-~lie a.r.d divide the 1a a leU -. 

~~-.. -jt!'e ngth at a time danger of becoming 10., 

'91hen o~r· na_~~o~~ security L Look behind ; ita ltld- .~- ~:-. ;·· . ~ ~-~---~.-{:{:~.~~ ·~\_·:·>:-~<~-~.)?_::-.~ :{_t_~~::~_:.~---2~'7"~:{'"::;~,..~~-~C"'·. ;"'::~;-:;-·. "•]~-.:"'~~-'~;~\~:. -~o;._:~.-~· -,- '•:-: ·r~~

---

--.--~-,_ ·~--~,... . 
.~ 

~~".:.-·~· ~~...;.... .... .' ..... --· ._..·1· ..;..'.:...........;;;.""""...:,·:·.;.;_.c·'--'· ......:.c;...... ........ -:_~~ 

... 

. 

~.-:' '. ~~ . :. ,.-,·::: ., 

~~rt sh;o ,t.atl• that 

field agents of the school had 

worked in integration problems in Charleston, S. C., Columbia, S. C., Monks Corner, 

S:'"C., TUskegee, Ala., Knoxville, Tenn., Ook Ridge, Tenn., 

Chattanooga and Nashville. 

lr1 Tuskegee, later the scene Qf a merchants boycott, the · field agents j'met with school 

t.earhf;rs, clergymen. NAACP 

·.:~· leaders, civic association rep.. resentatives and Tuskegee students to analyze deadlock be- , , tween wh1te and Negro ·com-- munities and discuss possible soluti~ns •••• " r~- ., .,.....,~~ ...... ~ ..... 'P!ace, ae-

--,· _.-.~. curumg to the field workers ~/ reports, they met with NAACP -, ' }6'ft'd ~5-. 

; .. ~ • .! ~ ! At Johns Island, S. C., May ti' ~ .. ·· ·~. / : 29, 1955. Highlander repre- ~:~.'"-_,.i! sentatiyes participated in an 

~-·_-:-i_-"·1' I_~ll.day panel ~i.c;c:Jssion on the 

w:,.,'i" ¥ 101JOWJ;lg SUbJCCts: 

I"'.,- ' 1 ·~ ' •. ' 1' - 1 '..Ji, b ~- .• ·.-11 •· ··-'.· :' ·11 u egroes e :t:-..,~·.: -:< r:r:::a~i:;::·d? 

-

~; . 

- · a ....: L:,e Cduses for 

other races to overlook Neg:ce: , ., ' , f•Jr ~es!l. 

th:J~ 3,; JWl' cent of colored 

cJ:;ze;.s i:1 Sni.dh Carolina not • <l>''iJS? 

4. D: £>~ tho:· buying power of t!'f' : .... - o•: .- \\ f:f'~l wisely used. 

b . .:•:- :,;:,o t- :·~ ('tmdition? 

. _\ "7 '":T.TIJECT would .. - ·~ -,"_-~-:~• r::-onomic boyco;(, such as occurred in Tur;.. 

kPP"f't' 

- !1.-.:''Yitle-s of the !=::-hnc~·:, st~E. said the report, . c,: cL; .. --;;;-,g; 

1. Tf'5=tim~nial dinner for ~T,·di'.'P J Waites Waring, Char- ..... lr ~ton. S. C 

2. Staff C'nnf.:'Tence, Cam]> 

h. :J r~·~ic ~ct• .. ,);_ Bra~stown, 

( ' 

G 

T!?e t(lfort also eote.t 6iwlt .. meeting With Highlander fund 

raising committees on the 

West <Coast ..made it possible 

for staff members to speak to 

classes at the University of 

California and the U.nlversity of Washington. _..~ 

"'During visits to Chicago 

and New York for similar 

meetings staff mernb~rs spoke 

at the ~Diversity. of Chicago, 

Columbia University, Sarah 

Lawrence and New 'York Uni· 

versity." 

It might be well to note here 

that while funds for the school 

are raised nationwide, 4'scholarships" are offered only to 

people in Southern communi· 

ties who wish to proVide leadership along the lines taught 

It the school. . In July, 1956, the Highland~r Report headlined its front 

Bheet with: 

"WE WILL EDUCATE FOR 

INTEGRATION IN OUR RESIDENCE SESSIONS, IN OUR 

FJELD PROGRAM, IN OUR 

COMMuNITy~±''c..,' .,.-- It started off the report by saying: · "'The Immediate and challenging barrier to Democracy 

in the South is segz;egatlon. , "The immediate and challenging task confronting those 

who desire a democratic South 

is integration.'" 

In other words, ~the school's 

chief aims in 1956, were Jdentf. .. cal to the stated alms of the 

Communist Party, U. S. A., In 

1928. ' 

The school likes to erow about what it calls accomplishments in areas where racial 

incidents have occurred. It 

publishes sheets called ~e 

Story of John Island," and 

•·The Montgomery Story." u ~xampleL 

Q . 

1 H .. other -affttlattons, mo.st - ... _.,, ' y·• .;._of them Ofticially vllStea ::rs Union <several granw. . -

; · Co~unist fronts,_ are as ·fol- •s. Interbational Labor be-

' lows: fenSf, $9975. 

W. E. B. DuBois Testimonial 4. Max Eastman, for prepaSponsoring COmmittee, spon- ration and production of an lor, 1951. <DuBois, honorary historic film on the RussiaD 

head of NAACP, holds the dis- Revolution. 

tinction of having literally 5. Russian Reconstruct l on hundreds of Communist front Farms, New York, $21,015. - associations ...:. more than any 6. Urban League, $15,000. 

other known American. l Those are only a represent.. First Line of Defense-signer tlve part of the report. b11t 

of statement in defense · of fJearly shows the makeup of 

_,.communists. ·<Reported Aug. l)-.:th:e=l~u~n~lt~to~be;;;:..;•::,;d;;e;;e,;;p~re;;d;;·~ 29, 1948,' .. Daily Wort e r" JJ 

page 9.) COMJ'4PN IS T S arf not 

Manifesto of Negro eLaden loU.nd on soap boxes or Lana: 

-signer of statement against ing out leaflets. -<coy 0·per•te. outlawing the Communtat -,n "" 

Party, 1947. • •. . from qffices and ~spectabJe 

Sotubern · Contere'nce Edu· addresses. They Are like tereational . Fund, member of mit hi h · · board of direcetors, 1954." es w c enter a timber, gut Southern' Negro Youth Con- it. to 8 shell and destroy ita stre~h before being dlscov· · gress, member of advisory ·ered. In many organizations board an dsecretary, 1947. (Of- today they entered just as uno: ficially liste d as Communist noticed, wbrk just as steal•"'nfront.) d In the "'""' 

Are· Negroes being victim- 111-~t:b'~e~sa~m~e:ruln~· ~e:~:d_:b~rlv~:'=a:b:o:ut:. !zed by their own organization, 1 ~ 

the NAACP, as part of a Red 

plan in America? Maytie .o, I 

maybe not. 

The- fact is, however, that 10 ' 

of the members of the 

NAACP's natiional board of 

directors, each have from 23 

toP hRa n associations with 

Communists fronts, ihtiOblriO 

direct defense Of -the Com· 

nfuMI't PSrty, In soft11 ·c-J, 

and of convicted Communist 

In -others. ..- . .,. This may atcO,IlDt for the 

fact that the group hu never ' 

been able to attract more than i a skeleton membership in the 

South, and must -depend large- ly for Its funds from the North 

and Northern. "foundations." 

Along that line I will men-

.7'_.--4 

, 

3. Tf-n.ne~~Pe Courq~iJ >Jf Hu· 

111<-'l H• 1-:ttir r.c:. :\<!::.hville and .-.·· !< ""f ·.n. THE MONTGOMERY story, .as told by the publication, bas 

Rosa Parks deciding her people ••are ..not goin gto take tt 

any more' 'and thus Jdck.ing 

1 tiDn The .American Fund for , Pubhc Service. It 11&1 • 

... 

·; .. " .:.tr:~···r: lv.-.fe-rence Edu- ~ i:;~.:ta, Ga. c-.· ,,,,.. .... ;,~l Con· 

.,.~-.nwe. off' the bitter bus· boycott. 

At h·,_~~ .:one cf the above lt is interesting to note that .J mentlon.::•d. the Southern Con- almost every place that staff · rr-,-,, ~···1,.r:l·'ifJr,;;l Fund, has ~embers 'of Highlander did 

i ·- ·. · ~ a c_co_rn.=m:u:n:ls:ti:·c:Jfitld work in 1955, have bef: J~T"- --· · cbme the scene of racial inc!- ------------ dents. , 

In TuskE.·gee the Issue Is ltlll 

unsettled. It ls led there by 

Charles G. Gomlllioq, dean tit 

students at Tuskegee. Gomillion Is on the board of Highlander. as iJ Rosa Parks. Gomillion is also llsted as a spou .. ' _ _sor for the . SoutheJ7Lrgpfrt_ ~ eri~~ Ed~&.Uo~~;Bund. . __ 

·- fgund8tio~, am~unting to over 

$2 million, left by tBe Db: 

Charles Garland of Massachu-j 

aetts. . · · 

The fund's own report for ' 

1923-30, nsted a gift of 1100~ ~~ 000 to the NAACP, and another $MOO loan til that Ol'o 

&anization.. • Significantly, perhaps, most ' 

of the other loans and lifts 1 

fr~ this foundaUotr weH""_to: ~ail¥ Worker, $6875. 

2. :American Civll• Llbetdh 
·~ : ' . . . . -. . . . -··:-: ".:.: _ _.::.: .;.:._. -...-r..-.-----~-

' --: ..-~....:.--~--.- ',--~-

I 

- 1 

... 

'''"·· 

JACI\SON DAILY ra,WS 

JACKSCN 1 !USS. 

10/16/57 

Page 3 Cols. 1 - 6 

RACIAL MATTERS 

I 0 ' I J- . r;; /I/ I Ht !, /"-' . ' 1- ,._ . 

t .j ..-;, /,/ 

/ --
~ --- k:-

. --.., 

' ~ ..... ~. 

i• ·-- ·' ~ .. 

.. 

; .. NTEGRATED FUN AT RED MEE 

' · ·; -~-· '<'ro man and a white woman bear-hug each 

r~c.. :1 o meeting held at the Highlander )<'~ · i' '' onteagle, Tenn. The photographs tak , . were made by a photographer fr 

~'- ·· ·- ' ·mmission on Education. A~ j~~==~:- ~-' :r' . -'/( 4 

.. :..;,. _, 

;'{-~.i"l ';-\_ 

:. ~ .. •, :: .;<.-<, ,_;,~· 

' 
.. ·. . - ·- . 

. · .. · ~~,~.-~-~~:·-~,::_~~,;-~~-~;i·~-~-:~~~~>.:~4· 

e ® 

'Georgia Probers~ • . t 

Report Dr. More»t 

At A Meeting H;eld· 

In ~Red' School 

Hampton Institute President · ~anelist At Monteagle, T emJ. 

. ' 

• 11J JOHN IIOWEN f 

duced 

A 

into 

Oeorgia 

ita recorda 

legislative 

informalioo 

investiJating 

lhat J2!:, 

committee 

~I zo 0. 

hu 

Mm!?/1, 

~ 

president of Hampton Inatitute, receni!Y•pft&i1if aa 

· b!tegration aeminar at Higblander F olt Sc I in Teaneaaee, 

:an institution which the commit!Cc 'illleges is • "Communiat 

. . 

' 

' 

~training school." ·~'::.e Virs:i.uis;.1 Pi ~.ot ___ j . RecordaoflheGeorgiaCummltoionODEdbc:atlon,apoblic )'1-.rfoL Leoc;ar Dis_.>atc" __ _ 

body created by a joint~. lutloa ollhe atate'a Jcais~ j ,. ~~'" -:.:t.'. ,-,_,.,es 

dudeMrinted folder of pbocoalaplla and ediiOrial- : :nn" L. ;;•.,i.. •: 

the 1 Labor Day w.tead -.iaar at die~ :. ,-, ,__ 6 B ·ac .. ,;,ll-i;e-.·•s 

ocboal and • COV1 ollbe ,...._~11m Dr~ • "l.iac.,so ,..;,,o~ Free· :l'eGB -==- ~ llldor • i.... J'lri'ol:, Ne•;s HerE.; .1 __ 

· ~ .,..,. a .... New ,,,rt Nevs na;.l,. Press · wbic:11 •"-ucb 1bow1 Dr. • 1~ X 01'011 ... memberot tbe ,a.! Nev:-''-··r .... Nc·~s 'l'irJeC l!e:as u.. 

with cQor........,. Ill the ...me. (Ii:lU'uu: l!I'iiSllli) 

iD Onlhelbe:O~i.t"''J.e ~ Dnte - _L.!!...:._)t/ -.J;Jz..-..... 7'-----

at:lve cotnm!ttee, Dr. MorGII E~itiOll 

II .u.ted for a PAllO! olan"sion • ·• 11 t her --- "What II the lmpeet of Jatecr• " - ----------

~o:.,:n Clark, lllgblander ~~~ w~oc- ~~ A, 'lll~fQRMATIQN CONTAJN~--- . 

lr~~!M~!;" aad ~~ HEREI~~~ ~LASSIFIED~. e-~<,-&5· iun 

McSwaiD of Clinton, Tftlll. · DATE BY ~ 'j{q -- Tbt priDted folder dta "!be ------;;- -r - ---- '-nil of CommUDIIt aflillaU.. '4-J,) 3 

of four of the leaden of Hlalli...S. 

Folk S<hool." Tb..., !elden _.. 

1

. / _. . /, listed aa Donald L. Wett, a.. '- - / ,- I/ -- !-+ 

Jameo B. 'l'bCIIIlpoo.a, J..,. IJom. ..;, ..... --:=.~ browlld and Allbrey Willi-. ..OT ~ .. - "Each or ~ lour mea •• •ft!V 1 ~ o'3'Y1 prominent Ill llle establlslundat of · lli&hlander hit Scbool or ., II 

sa6sequent operation, •• the doc:ament reads. Tbe documeDI aloo 

reads: .. 'l'!w7 re,>resit-nt IIU· 9eul of tJoio Commun' !J'IIillpt' 

·- : ~ ':J -() 

--~--.. 

o-: ~.. ~~--.::::-1 INDEXED. 

SEARCHED.......... . 

I 

I 

I 

f11 en _ ...... . 

SERIAli:ED , ,U,k\C.

-o 7 c1 2~ tyl:tr-1 

, " A t1 

1--•-FBI · l<u"' ~" -J;/Vf , 

1. -
.. ·.;:., 

f"l) 

~· 

. .,._.., cUp- fllbe Uld-1 

-.11J ol CldcliiO. II ~~~;.-....... ~-..._, ... _.. • 1111111 • • ~. Wlllilml, 

.. "PPNion aopuar, - ........ . '~-­ '"" folcier Jlltl ....... c.-

Ill .. dilia~ IDr """"-

·43 far Willlaml, II IDr Wilt ad 

I• b Dcmlnlr*L .. • . j 

r.:..~-=.:r~: IW'"""""' ••• R:< m • 'jew far l'llure Aet!Oii. 1llld 

u ·IP""'•I • "A. N•. llMior 

l.oOb " !be l'reooati" . ~.-:rfOal 

'l!le' 

fl 

prOJrml 

lbil oomillllr 

11171 

Will 

·a. 

be 

~ 

ID C· 

Imine the pro,._ of ID~atlaa 

lll the South~ bur u..t the c:ndaJ from ..._ 

lnvalved, and to ameclale - of the tlllder111Bf ....... Mpeeto 

of lntt81"atioa . • • II Ia boped that 

OD the basis of IIIla oomillllr, 'IOI!i!el 

and Necroos will better Wlderltad 

w IIIey c:au _.k "*""" , .. - It lola tlllb OD ""'btecratiaa 

Ilea..., - R"P!Ut tf Procr• 

&1111 Probleman II !Wl-. Ala., .lobo 'laland, s. c.. 'hlia"-, Fla., llontcomerJ, Ala., KoiDon1a 

P'&rlll, CIIDIOII, T111111., &Dd .Ill 

SoutllerD UDioDL Alao Ill tbe jii'Ogram """ !lima 111111 a pnel "" 

the Hllhlander ochooL 

Other paneiJ and ~ on 

lntecrfilon ant Jilted OD the - --- ._ .... , .... :-- .... ---'--1..~- ._.., .. oaua, .111.1"-"'UUJ,N,A e -~ I 

"The lmpllcationa of ...,..atlon" 

for rellgio,. groupo, -.-. trade unioDa, eemmuJIIty 1111111 elrie 

urganizatioua and youth II'OUJIO. 

Intecrated recreational aDd 4111- ner event. also ....,.. elted ba tile 

Georcta folder. 

Tbe Georcla c:ommluioll'l foldor 

chrgeo that the iDtegnled ...,._ 

lag broulht lolether "tho IMdon 

of every major roce iJiddesJt Ill 

the South" IInce the U. 8. 

Supreme Court ruUne 1CIIi1olt ... regatiOD. 

''Tbe7 mot at this ...,rbhop and 

cliJCaaed methods and tllctfCI of 

preclpitalinl racial lllrifo 111111 .U. 

tvrbanee, •• ·tt CCJI;Itlftaea.. · · 

"Tbe meetiDI of ·111011 a Ia 

group of opecialllto lll .blterof' 

otrife 1IDder the aiJI!l(ooi .r 

COmmunist tralnlng ICbool, &1111 ~ 

the -liT of man1 kMwll CoaiD1lllllsta II the tJpi-.J 

wberebf loadenlllp lr..... IDO 

tacticr aro lundshed ID tile J1111ia. 

ton. 'n.k was a cenerat wo~ 

and 

~ 

wu.ld be the - -- developlne aluac....,. 

~ ..,_.iflc tmeriiDCJ ·~~~ua­ tlella leadership would be - lato 

the commllllitieo to aullt. 

"Good examples of tbe IDfuoloa 

of leodenlllp w11 the appeiHaCe 

of B117anl Ruotin, 'IIIIo appeared 

In the Doily Workft, u Wli!lat) 

tof ~. Jl..uD Lather Kirll. thO ~~"-:...:!'!'11 ............. Par .... - I 

,. 

l 
-- '. '<.. ~ ,. 

~~-~~-. ~~ -:~:~,_--; . .. 

~;;_: :.;; ;0·7-

1 

' c -"A 

_}_--_=%t 

~. -:~-~ . ' . '•: ~-! 

--~ 

~; 

-~ ,, 

' "' ; - ,, ' _,;,~ 

-~ ·_ :'1 

\. 

-..... i<- . ,-, 

"'~~-~----· ~ 

~ ;_. ~·-·"i 

-·---~ 

r,. 

u~· 

Dr. /vforon AttendedMeet At 'Red' School, 

,.. ,.. . 

;:,ay ueorg1a ft I Yrooers 

ThompsQ• 4.meric .. Camndltee 1 

,.,._ at .......... I 

;:;..""" . ~~~ ---~ .. ~~.~ - ' - ~· .... . 

1'11114; EineiJ .. .... .. ••• , •l!ooa - - .. and ....-, Au&. II, Iaiit L 

1940 r Vt!IIIIMIIt Federallol lit ... 'I cia! Aellon - ._. - loclala 

QiiiiitiUM Bul!etfa, J-. t=, P=;; ! 

1; Nalloaal Comml- for P- 1 

folder, 

lui Alleraatlvea 

Doeember, - 1160; 

~, 

National 

Comml- lo Repeal the MoCar· ran Act - bdtlator - lllterbMd. 

Jan. li, 1951; National Coulldl of I:;.. 

~lcb, ~OD= JUDO ~St. JO, 1951; 

Pro~~' Southern C.- Fnollt Pqe_ U Confer.,.. fGr Hwnaa W~ 

a_,._ ol DOn Weill, proml-; ~~~c,;,.=:ct~ neat Conununiat functionary, at Juol:lce ill lbe liGoenbera C:.. - Koimnia Fann dioturba!lc:eo and ole- of open 1et1er -lbde Part 

tho preliminary lllrVOl'l conducted Herald, IJ62. 

b John H II, Wlllialbl: AmeriCII1 ..,.,...._ Y ope preparatory lo ior lbe Protection of Foreign Born 

the Tallab..... bus illddeot." -eponeor of ..,..fereace _ procrarn 

Ho!lfl ebewbere Ia listed ill the and can. Oct. J5-Z7, IMI!; Amer·, 

pr~ folder ;s 1nctr.~~~-~..a: rete- dan Youth Coqreu - apeaker l 

ticDI consultant, Fisk UDivenlty I at 1 or I of their annual meotiDp al Nubville, Tem~. -WIDiama' testimony before SenTil• documeot nctea "repreaee- ate lllternal Security Subcommlt· 

''"'"" leaders" of tbe !ollowinl in- tee, Mar.,. li. IJ5t. Pace 101; cldenlll at the meetin&: Tuategee, brief amid curiae for tbe Com-

~ •. ~~; .T•l!•has-. ~-. m~ ... ~ cc.,;- V. I. 

b: ~":~: iils.~~: ~;;u.,. -...-... eeiiai-.0:: 

NAACP achool teachen illciclent · "l'llul Cr<IIIO, the top Commu·: Uvee Ill the Alll!ntle Paet - - Koil>onla illter-racial farm Arrter'· J>ll1" Party functionary In the South, ber of -u .. boanl - ~ 

lcua, Ga., and Clinton,' Tellll. I!Atil!ed before the IUI>commlttee\l!ead. lopl. 11, JIIICI; Comachool laddent. ' .. If the Committee on VnAmerican wealtb CoDe• - l!erYed aa camAmtlnr per10111 attendina llio a<livitl,. that Dombrowski '&ave

1 

mlttee and conlrlbuted to- ,.... 

==~~~ the Rev. Martin Luther ::_~- Kina le= Je.4. loua ~~· lo coDaborate ~~~ with .... ~ the Com- ~~: ;;' to ~ .. wi:·i.~~ the Kc:Carran ~, AS- ..- of the Montgomery ~ loci- mullllt party and ,follow Ill lead- llgner of open Jotler Ill 8enatllr 

d•nt; Fred Routh a beedquarten enhlp without talrllll the rls~ HelllliDp- proal rel-. N<w. 1C, 

<ffiri.ol of the sOuthern Re&ional actual party membenblp', . · · 1955; 8oatbe111 Conte.-- Educa· 

Co:mcU. Atlanta· McSwaill wllo 1a "Jobn Butler, aDOtber falmer lion F1mcl - pre!ldeal - 'Iotta'· 

••('_redited with ' precipitating the Commwdst Pirti f"..metiaa... '"'~, t=. 8ead. Ji.irli8if 1161; lout=: C!into~ Tellll., public ICbool in- tlfied before the Senate 1IDCOIII- Co"'-- for Haanaa Welfate-' 

eldon!' 

fa.nr. leader; 

; Conrad 

11o1a ll~e. Parka 

Koinonia 

"one of 

mlttee 

Dombro...tl 

OD lll!enlal 

at a meotiDI 

SecarltY 

tl Comand dJalrmaa tee, JJ11 -

of IIG!JIInalilll 

Wllllauw' t 

~ 

u .., til• onginal leaden of the .Mont. m~t PartJ leaders ill Dambrow· befur9 Senate IDI«uu a-t!;Jo 

gomery bus boyeott"· Septima ak• s room ill tbe Tbomu Jeftenoa Subcomml- ~ 11, 11M. 

Clark ''presently dJreei,. of the Hotel ill BfnnlDJbam, Ala., was Paae 1111; ..id Soutllenl 'Coatwffighlandet- integration workabop Introduced lo blm 111 Allon Law- .,ee for Hur.WI Welfare - - wu 

earor;,.. 

usodated · NAACP with 

ICbaol 

the 

fncbera 

South 

ber. 

ronce as a Com~ 

- · · . ·' .~ 

PartJ 

· mem· letterbead, 

ber of board 

July 

of 

:15, 

~ 

IHI. 

Incident"; David H. Brooka, "a "llylea Horton wu ulontlfled b&- Weot and Dombr.,..ld ""' llated 

J.ader of the Tallahaooee bus boy. fore the Jllos. Committae • Un- with llmUar affiliatlo01, IDeludll!l 

cot! .. ; and Charles GomDIIon dean American ac:tivltloo • a ~· a Dumber of thoae ...,.. for 

of !ftJd-_nt,e !!t 1'..!!kegee !utJ!ut; wbo ··~ -~ ~ -~~-~ Tbompeon_ and_ Wlllbrltl._ _ Who "wu the leader of the TusU: Ill North Cll'IIItDa, at wmco ......, Tile folder allo nota tlat 1110 

g..., bo-ycott," and Abner w. Bemr planl were made for op=th• lollcnrlna anoclatiOJII lilted ...,.. of ''tlte Central Commltteo of the i'evolullo~ tbeoriea out j have been cited as Com: lit 

.CommnDil!! Party." the South· · froDia ill the "Guide 1o ...... 

C-ot\1:-.,!JI& tbe ifllblan:lor Folk "Paul CnJa<ll ~ bof~ I me 0r&ani%atlona and ....... 

~· the folde< reads u tal- =IY SU= _.:: ~planc!er tlonl" rblished J~:·~ bJ ~·•· _ ~~•-• . . _ .• ll:e..U. H..,.. of - .. m~'-·dcr FIt School Foil!"""""' II I....,.,! 01*'1*1.-...'~ - ±' 

founded tD I~ ~ Mylel ~-' : ~~~":'~ ""='::&.n..uu.. 011 UllAmerlca:! . vlk1 end joiMd Doll Weot, them _.._..,_ 

Jamee thoreo"- Domb: .. ·l 

. ~· 

-~~~ wo~llll ~· ,_ "' -~-- ~~ _ -. ~­-- Don Wt.>t ....,.;;.u;"'...-.,_;,~ tion witb the Communist PartJ". Amerl 1 ~ CII1F ~Bo ::..._ • lrl< ..,..._,. ' '!'be documeat lncludeo lbe ~ o DreiCD I'D, :hodlatr.diht "";..:::mdlai'~ ~-= ~!!l 1011~ c-maDill aflilla- .• ~·bl~za!i~·-.M.~1':,~.1 a...;;-. - . -tot 'J'bompoo!l and·WUliaml=~ :c--~ )loCarraa Act. Committee for ......,... 

Alternati- lo ll!e AtlaDIIc Paet. 

Natkll:al CouDcll of tba Alta, 

llclencea and Profeasl0111, 8oalbln 

-~-

Coarerence _for _ HIJ!IWI Welfare1 American Youth coacr- ..... , , Conuilo:nrealth CoUete. 

-- , "" -. , Y~ 'L~?':if:~t?~~:::;m_:r_.;"';f"'~-~":f"~::'""': t"':;"'~ .. i"f"i~"'~•"t"':T"'·;~"'~: .. ;;~.-~_""{;~'":,l"":~,.,,; ... ~_~..,.~i~"-:~{~~-~..,;,.,- :"'-~--~2 .. __ ~"'-·:·':""""""_"_.~:~::=,.,_· -.:"'~~·~-~.,.,..~ . ...---.---.~--:--- . -- - - . - - ::_):': ~' \" 
1'-c;;,' l ·-- :~-:-t 

~ 

•• ' __ , ~,~·~l ·. . .. .~ 

' ~ ~~·-X~ 

~- >~~ 

-;. ----~· :'.-} 

-~l_, 

• 

n>. '-.:.; 

' 

A 

\Y 

ftt <fcorgfa Gf4mmfs~ion on £buratfon 

.auam.. 

........... _.,.. 

.... ---~ ......... .... -.._........,..L-.u. 

........ ---£.,...._. ... 

....... au-waaan: 

.......... ... --.,.a ......... .................... ....... eaoacP • .__..... .... 

a-~·"-- • .,_,... -·M.D ..... .,.:;;-;;..._.., ..... --.. MoNo tcAIIwoM CA.LIIWQ.L ... _. ... ~ ...... ....... D.~ 

................ ...- ......... L ........ 

, .. a.-··---- Holt. ,..,.... •• ,..,.,.., ... ._,.,., ... _......,., MltL CMA.IH.d •• Cll .. ···co-.... _ ...... ,...,..~c.auorra·. 

*"! COlO!'fiiW•t'-\ ......... 

.......... ,......... ' 

·----··-.. .._. MQ:t ...... K ... ITM . 

..,.._ •• ,, ...... o .......... 

Ho;;,.".;.~:." .. '.!.AJ.~ f 

Ho;;,.'::'!:::!: ~ 

He;;.. ~o".:!;.~.:'~o ..._.., MoM. a:mv. H.t.n~ 

"'"'" (l&;;;i;j;;i;;;~~ ~ 

MON • .,laMN aaMMDM. •n.~o ..... u.._,.__ Ho __ ... Co\..11111'1' MAWit ... ...,...._ 

-rt7,tm 

....~ .... -.. ,_. a...olct 

~~~-.nf'liJda 

Do ................ 

... 

--.... tiMM.'nM'C ....... .,. 

......... -ltCT.a. .,._ ATL.IIIft'A a. .... 

1" ace..- Vl\11 CNJ' t.olopbo• -\loa of 

"'-<<q, Oct.o~r 17, 19S7, l oa torwai-di,.; t.o -pa _ 

t.be 1DtanoUo" I llaft coneoralJ>c tho Pr-•- of 

.u-o o. MoroD at tho labor Dq Weol<end, 19S7, -- ...,.at. B~ Folk Scbool, Jlont.ooallt, -·-· I 

W. 

a poriocl •Del...S.... 

llhicll o pbo\ocTopll reaclo r,.... 

of 

lott 

a -tine 

t.o ri&bt• 

t.ol<eJ> 

llopt1.M ~ 

Clark, lloaao G. lloron, C.l. Porriab, VU.. 11. -li. 

&llen McSwaiD •. In tho oxtro.o lott 111 ...UW. ollort.o 

lo lb,.r W. Berl')'. tlllo pbotop-oph wu IDtNdooocl 111 

e?ideoce at the b•arinc ~ Ud.l Co!l!lll•-ssic:e a October •• 19S7, u Ull1b1\ IIIMI>er 19. . 

-!bi ltllnto Do1l7 WOrld ot ...,.t 28 ad 19, 19S7, 

oloo :U.oto lloron•a pren-. l cow ot tllU article 1o 

incluclod. I on alec enclool.llc a few adci1Uoao1 coploo 

ot tbo folder we prepored. 

~ . ' . . • !bo tolder .. prepared, the HJ.&hlandor, ~­

l'I'OCI'Ia included, 11 .. u oa t.be pbotoer•• .... all 

been oD\ored iD Uao records of our hefrinc IIIII ot eouroe- ore prt~edp4. 

tlle-Co-.. son vao croat.od )y 0 jnillt lo&lolotift 

resolution llhich pv,. ,.. the outhorttr t.D oonduct lll--

ings IIIII hold inveetisatione ..Sth tbe pwor t.o 8Ubpooa 

011 ~,., • ., and t.o c1 to tor conte!'ll>t. --

If I' ·e-a,. lio- of·r..rt.btr lielp·1; ~ ,.,.._ 

illtonutiGGo,P].e_u~~coll .,._,..,-

-

·~7)6'~11 JiWrA-"-' 

'I'.Y. W11.111u, 1"l-

• 

·, ':~; ;·}!!~l~~~'f.;~~-t.'•r.~!.!x~ .. ·~~t~~~~,~I~r~~~,:-:~.·{·.~~;<~··'·, - ';.-.,.. . . -

. ., 

\."·;.•;" 

\ ' 

':...: 

\ 
·-~ 

!• :•. 

. -.; -.. -, :. 

. i-· 

. t'- \ 

,., './-'-

_, ~-

0 

'Ga. Education Pro he 1

Says Moron Attended 

1/eJ' Pane/In Tend. t.• , ... -if, of~~ ;:uiama, V: .. / !..! .#...,...,_ ·- "" ••oa. Dombrowott tllat, "l!&ch of lhcte 

able Jut niabt to CGiftlltt:Dl aG a , four mea ..... promiaea.t jn tbe 

report tbat be panic:~akd iJI a lestabliahmeat of the Hiahlaader ! 

panel diocuuioa of nc1al U.U.. at Folk Sc:bool or iD ill lllboeq11011t a seminar at a Teaaeuee ec:hool operation • • • They repreaeat the 

labe1ed by the Oeoraia Commission nucleus of lhia CoJIUDIIDist traia.iDa 

pn Education u a -communist Mtlool." 

Train ina 1<bool • 1 The folder publiabed by !be com- The Institute president, who baa miuion c:i1a .. rec:onb of Communist 

i:~~ -~= c;;,~e~ ~;;~t;n ~~= r!!ii~!:~:Oi tie ,;:~~ii~ ii 

last night attendina meetinp of the for West and 45 for Dombrowski 

board of truste~s. Thomp50n"s apeec:b at the eemiA spokesman said then was ftO ~ar was labe~ed ia the proaram u way to contact Dr. Mor:on until 8 Report. of \\orkabops .... Rec:omthi s morning. m~o~atJOns for Future ActioD." 

Accordina to the records of the \o\-dhams spoke on, .. A New Dealer 

Georgia Commission, a legisla.tive I ~ooks at the Present," tbe c:ommisinvestipting utJit of the Georria uon recor~J show. 

Legislature, Dr. Moron took pan , T'!le pnnted r,rolf&m of Jbe 

io • panel disrussinJ, '"What is the sem_mar •u ,pre ~ with the folimpac:t of Intcaratioo CID the peo- lowmg statement~: plt7" "7he major aoaJ of thls temioar 

'Ibe Oeoraia eomm&aion•s nc:- !"i1l be . to e,xamiDe tbe prOII'CU of 

ords iDcJude a printed folder of Intearauoa m the South today. to 

editorial and photo~ aatorial bear about lbe CNcial llniU)es on the seminar. wbich ... lleWI ~ tho.e iln'Oiw4, ucl to apthe Labor Day -tea4 ..., year Jfrec:aote - of tbo uaclerlyina 

the Hlahlaoder Folk Sc:hool, Mon-t'!i;•~s II ot illtcaratioll, 10 that 

teag]e, "l'can. A ·eopy of tbc teminarl d._. JDaJ be more prop amr. also m tbe rec:orda, litt:l • c ol - 80I'C tffectift in 

Dr. Moroa u a pa1Mlilt. l de_alif!t ~idt dae Jlfobleau which 

Other paneli:U1 a-ppearint wit b will mevrtably accompauy the forOr. Moron, acc:ordma to the Com- !fard movemcat toward inte&ration mi-s~ion'1 record, were Steptima ID the South. 

Oark, Highlander Folk Sc:bool ."It ;. hoped thai 011 the bula of 

wor-kJhoD director.. Wilma DvbmiUl tlus seminar. whites and NufYW'•' stOkttY-. Of-NC-~rt:""-Tb:;-a wiU better uDdentADd bOW theY~! 

writ«; aDd Allen McSwaiD, who !be wort logelher: community worken' 

commi!Sion said is •credited with ud memben of reliJious and 10CiaJ 

precipitatin& the Oiotoo, Teoa., pub-. organiz.atiODt will undenta.nd b o 1l 

lie inc:ideDt. · they can be effective and Northern. . Director of the Jeminar at Hiab- en will be more aware of what 

!

'lander, accordina so the Commil- the~ c:~. do to help the South, both 

sioo, wa1 James B. Thompson, as tnd1v1duab ud u members of 1

chapla.in of O.e University of Chica- oraanizati001.• , 

lao. wbo was listed witb Aubroy l~cluded In !be prorram were eli .. :Williams. former National Youth c:uss1ons of .. Jnte~atioo Be a c: h. 

Adroinistratot in the Roosevelt Ad- beads," reports oa prop-ea and 

ministration and publisher of the problema of points of racial con- Sou!i::tern Farm and Home Map- troveny aucb u Tuskeegeo and 

I,.;.... 111• • -;--"'"'"... Montaomery. Ala.. TaUahaSKe Fla .. 

I Not listed 01:1 the printed P:rosram etc. , of the tetnmu. but identified by Pam:Js ud! worbbop sessions on 1 

t~e c:ommislfen .. amona itJ lead- inte&rJtioo implications in reliJious ers- wero Donald L. Wut. one of oraanizatiou. education, trade 

I 

the f6UDdert of Hi&bludft Folk uniooa. ~unity ud civic orpniSrhool. and Jame11 Domb~ ULitWt• and youth lfOUPI· 

wh-o wa~ affihatro with the lt'ftool. n.. dull of the Georaia CommisaKtn on Educatioa wu dlat tbe 

seminar brouaht qetber ""leAden 

of every major nee incident ia the 

South" since the 19!54 Supreme 

lloo _Do. Monm, Pap 19, c.L 1 

-IALL INFOfF.1AT!r:·~ CONTAINED 

HEREIN S i~CLASSIFIED \ 

DATE C? D'~ BY6P~ ~~B \ 

• cf?<.ts01:;;... -c-

- '.:.':1e Vi:n;iuia:·, F!. :_ot 

li~ri'oL~ Ledg.::r Dis~atc;.~ 

-

_\ r-c~r:...:n.lt:J. ·i·J.res 

J-..: l.li"D3l a..... .. ~ Vui:'e 

:J.; r~~nia Beac~~ ~un-r1~r~ ---~ 

----Cl 

J."ll· inc@'ss .~.n~1~ Free 1Te::;s ~~ 

~~ut'.:..~ul:~ N~,;s HerE.Ll ·-----:..-: X -~-= 

'!>< 

c l:;!.:;f..lf icatil •u 

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OCT 2 S 1957 

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r-'· 

I ·'. 

Dr.,Moron • .,. tllat die •tdh· .... . IJir o.or ... '1f· t n4et ~~• AD• ,.;.... time "' ...._. ~ School. foomded In 1932. baa been com11utteeo we~ IIIOCbDI·. 

. . • . ... _ • •- • __ ...:__, _..__ .... Dr. J.foroa wu to he tD contact I 

C.U._. n... P... ftne ;J~S.tmS:aa':. Q:t:::.,;"";. j; w;d,- ib~- i~titul;-ad-.bit- ~i~al 

Court 4ecioloD aullawiq ...,....,, terDol Security u a ocbool -r•ted at I, it wu llated. At Ibis time, 

ICboo•· •oltnoibly II an 1Dd01><Dd~t ""'E Dr Moron was to be informed of - ocbool. bllt actuolly -r.lna lao ' • 

~ 

'"lbey mot at t:hlo worbllop &D4 dola _.tloo witll die Cam· the Georaia C<>rnmluooo'o charae. 

metb~ and laclica of .,lllliot .....,,. Or. Moron. a uti.,. of the Vir· 

predpttat~DI . racoal o1rile. ~ dio-, Mylot Hortoe, - of th~ ~- IP• blando, waa the tint Ne., to 

turbancc, aa1~ the comm1UaOIL J eu. was aid bY the comm•10D to become preaideDt of JbmiKOD ID-

'"The meell'!'l . of .IUc!'- • lar,at 1 have bela ide'htiftod fa a coop-a- llitute. 

aroup of IPC'C-Ial~ta m 111tcr-rK.&all sional b:lv-estiaation u h~via• at· __.. •- Dd.ial H IDiti 1 

otrif~ unde~ !!>• aUtllieel of a c-. 1 tended a ·- ..,. •• !'tlon io "'~.;. ":.me.~ de amPIGDin .,.j: munll!lt tr&lruDa ICbooL and iD 1bc North Carolina. at .-bicb lime ptans-j~le, from 1 ~fvenlty ill ~p~ny of maoy knowa Camm'O- .,ere made for IPftldfnl revolution,: 0 0

:;' aDd .:i.j wo':t_ frodt • the 

tnsb 11 the tn>icat tnethod whereby arv theorie-~~; throu•hout tbc .:J~Uth. IOC. lory of p· b h 4 L 

leacknhtp tralnln• ud tactic::a are Do West co-fOGDder of t b c Un•venlty lttJ_ ura. ' u m 

tul'llfthe4 to tile &~flafml. •• Ia achoo? with 'Horton, a=rdial 10 law at Hanard Umversnv . .-pcciftc emerpDCY lituatito• lead- the Georcia c:ommbaloa. wu idea-- He tervod u ."-m!rican repreenbU. would be tent into 1M cam- tifted la the commisakm rec:ord u ~tntative 011 the Canbbean Communitiea to a~~ist... •diltrlct dtroctor of the Communllt mi•loa. appointed by President 

Eumt>lea of thio, II waa ltatod, Party of North Onolfna.• West fo Truman and wu 1Pf'Ointe4 bv Sec· wen the ap-pearance of Bayard mow operarint iD Otor&ia. tbe com- retarv of State Dulles lo head the 

Ruttfa, ""who appeared ID the Daily I mintoa llid American dele11ation to the West 

Worker.• u Secretuy to the Rn. Testfml'ft,; before a u. S. Hou~ Indies Confel't'nce and Carib~c~n Martin Latber Kina. leader of the IUbcommittec. the comml11ion c-ited. Comf1!isdoa. meetln11 in J 95? rn 

Mootaom.., bUI boycott, ADd the I ldentifted Dombrowski at a .. 'pro- KamaiC:a. 

aCJDrearance of Donald West. ~-! C'ommunlrt and anxinus to collabor· Ia June. a list of oraanizatio01 i• 

:fn-:r.t Comrmr.nlst ftmcrfooa.ry- If the atco with the Communi5t Partv and sued by the Institute in which the 

KoLiliila F if iii diitwbaiieii ffiJ foiiow its ieadenhip •ithout takimz president held membeffiitp included 

Oeor-Jia. the risk Of actual membenhit~. •" the American Association of School 

Artendilt1 or takl:a1 part ID die At Haml'ton lnstilute lao;t niJht. Administraton: the American 

Hilhfandcr Polk School ~eminu, a !1)0ke!iman U1)1air.cod t h a f Dr. Christian PaJeatioe Commitlee. eo- accordina to the Commtafon.. were Moron could DOt be reache-d In chairman; the board of directors. 

the Rev. Kina. who Jed the Mont-~ New York because he wa~ attend- Southern Reaiona1 Councn: board 

,-omerv bell boycott Alber W. Ber· lnJ nrious committee Hssiona of 1 of directors. VirJinia Councn on ry, •a member ol. 1b1 CommUDist ltle ttoarcl of trwtea. I Human Relations; board of direcPIIirty DatiooN ,..,. ~i 1'\ln ...,. eo WIV to detcnn1ne. 'tort. Vlrlinit Tuherculoels A~!IIOCiaFred. RouCh. a«iaW ., dw ......_ .• -. --~- which II'H"i.,. tht · tinr ~d of directors, American ern Reafou,l COIIM:I.; D •,. I • -fl. "'lnstifu,., ..-e.tdcat woukf .,~..., ( f'C*: executive commiHee, 

BrooD. '"a lead.- of the TaltaMIIte I A!i!0..-1Ahon for HiRher Educanion: 

b\11 bDycott"j aa4 Cloarloo O..U· the National Asoociation for t h e 

t:;;~~a ~~=~.:! f::::: j:~7",r:N::.:.; tt;A.;:'.t~:;:. boy-"; ltou ParU, "one of the daalroo •"' ,.. Notloeal Ma &eq ......,, lfodm o( 1M Moo._. (~ ~ • ' 

~ c:::.·•,"::-ia.au4 
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~.L., . .<,-,/,;::~~,;.>;-.;p':.:·:::i_:,:-_:<· 

' 

R. MORON TO REPLY IN CHAPEl I 

ALK TO GEORGIA ACCUSATION$ 

.AJ~G .... ~oma, president at Hlllllptoo lnstitule, aaid 

today-JreW~orrow to a newspaper article Thursday reporting claims that be bad attended a meeting at a 

"Communist training scbool" over the Labor Day weekend 

at Monteagle, Tenn. ' 

Dr. Moron telegraphed The Times-Herald today fr"'JJ 

Newark, N.J., that his statement will be made in his evening 

:::rl lallc at 7 Sunday night at Hampton Institute'• Ogden 

The Timea-Herald publiabed Thunday charges by !be 

.p.cq;a Commlasion 011 Education that !be HiJhlaDder Folk' ::,·•.c~u;.e:. r:. 'ot ,........,.,.. 

.~ -A.'-b wn..M; toUUU""---..cu -"'-~-' oL... UKi m • •-+< ..... ., ...... on eem1nar. • • • • ..,. \...-0111·,; 1 ~ . • :~.,_ ....... i~lc:. ,A1r:• ---

I~"""'''! tninift& achool." Dr. Moron wu listed u a J*IC'l'l ·· • :. : .--c-·. -··:" .... ----· 

1

1 opt:abr at !be aeminu. • \ • • -•• ·' ·· \. · u ~ s - --

--------------·------ J,·.urnal L.- "Ul-'" 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~ /S! UNCLASSIFIED lr.~ DATE & '?(( BY SE )atf_it(;b 

r•JP Ci IP\.NI(' 

,.. . .,.,." . x· ;~~M"...,7,._ ..... ~<:.--

M/1~ Fll£ ANP INITIMED 

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NOT RECORDED 

140.~V 12 ;'J57 

/Jrg!.nia Beac.~ ~UD-i'iev:s 

Princess Arm~ Free !'ress ---

~ l~t,G.ificatintl 

--· r~ew 

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~,'L~ ~: >·:_:~~2/~-:~.,:;~:~;·.-:.~·.::~;;,;;.:~. ~,~ ::. --= ... c- -~ -.- ·/,·~~-.c-.... -... .............. ~. 

• 

unt£SSES -':ONFIDENCE 

Faculty Of HI 

Backs President 

Confidence In th• lntecril: ,.. 

., hi 

\iii 

loyalty of the pr .. ident of HampJtcm Instih!te was expr~e! by ~ 

'

school's faculty in a rHolutioD 

aimed at counteracting news stories which iadicated that he par-

' bcipated in a panel discussion at a ··communist Training school.'" 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

The Peninsula newspapers pu~ 

lished stories last week which ft.-

ported that D.r.. .Aio,ll!g (i. W~. president ol & WIRiMi .• ,..,. · 

HER£t~lt,rs~CLASSIFIED 1) DATE · BY &'P'? B?J IJiJ~ .Jll [!;Iticlpaled ID a panel - C 

racial ilsueo Ill a ....WW m 11M- t "111e faculty repudiates wilh ::1: I ~~:.:: ::::oa:: r;rr::~~:~:~~= ~•. ucation lias labeled the Tennes.ee or .,palltoltr 11, '\ 

school 11 a "Communiot Tralnlni KJJowledge of bls Mdication .. SCOO.L" freedom of the buman miDd ud •/ 

Institote faculty members during the principles of Christianity maltO$ • , . . • ,.. , • 

..._. 

--

1 mid-day meetinl yesterday unan. 1 the charee inetmeeivable. Tbe .eYf· i _'.:e I .:..J.'[:lUJ.8_ • .. -· 0 "" 

lmoilsly 

tlrawin& gave up of a 

lheir 

resolution support support. 

to the denee 

lile charge, 

offered 

ID 

to 

addition, 

IIOPport ludlctOIIJ. It muesl l< xi' 0 1" .Leug~r iJ i s ..JB t c•• -~ - In( Dr. Moron, and later at "1:13 ':The f~lty deltlans -"'~' ort - · rt.~r:.:>c:t:, i: ~:->e s t:l 

p, m." IID8Dimously adopted tile, to revive the tac!lc ot · J .. urnal a...c Gt•iJe- 10? 

resolution Iii)' a bandvote. ·It was: ruDt by association 10 wide Y em· !.· r._:_~ niB Bt?s.c.~ 0 -ll.D -Ne--... ;s __ --..1::,' reported, · loyed by the late Joseph McCar- ~ 

MeanwbDe, although Dr: Moron' thy ud now 10 thon>Uihly discrecl- 1'1 inc~&s AD.l~ Free £'re~s __ __!::; 

Ud aot returned in time to com-! ited. It ~urea: u a flagraut , • , ..... , . . ,._~....... . ... u.,. 9"S:. , -1 ~ 

ment ma h1J reaction to stories re-' abuse of the power of tbe press the' :::..l\Jl.!.U~·~ n..::uo u.'IOO• ...... _. --;-i;· 

rardini hill attendance at Highland effort; made behind tbe cloak of ;'le,. _,<•l't N-"V& Duil .. .Press X p 

Folk school, be did. howev.-. wire leclllative Immunity, to aiJeace, l;ev ,c~..: . .'"~rt. ~~~·.•s ri'i,llf!C !fers l::l 0 

tbe Daily Press lhat be would tb- wbo would alh-anee tbe (.., -o,•·: ·-• ,. u" !'"" 1 ,...,) ~ ll'"ak "" lbe luue tonlgbt a lhe Amerlcu Ideal of freedom llld .. __." v . •...,. "" -< 

lllstitute. 

The complete · text of 

' lha ~ Utili _.tity Ideal UDder 

af lha law brotherhood and tbe Cbril--al 

Da. t,. _ _ ~ /,. _..2.2_~ 

lion I'Nda .. folloWI: maa. .... . El.1 i t.i.Oll • ·- -· - "The fa~ of !Wnpton botl- "TTie faculll' hu eomplete _. ;<ut.hcr 

lute baa 1.- ,.-otoandly shocked lldence ID the IDteJrity ~o/.altJ --- bythe.llllwarrutedpersonalattaclt of Preoldent Moron. It Is deot J.::_,it.•1l' ----- lljlOD)ts president, Alonzo G. MOr· allo lllat all fair·miDded _. 'l'it.·~ 011, made ID recent articles ID lhe will be able to detennine, •• beloc'al news-. It (the lacultyl tw- the Prealdent tllld his deh•" 'l·~!:.!y hoped that the discul· trad«a, where the cbar1e of llll· .;l:::.:~r:,.i;.:icati~;u 

l

si on of Issues, eve.o the emotional- AmerleaniJm properly I I e s." - --· ly charred 1uue of deaetlrel-ltlon, (SiiDed, The Faculty of HampiDDj ~:., • . __ -------- ..,lit ........... ed aa a campo- Inslltote, William H. Martin, chair. 

~ ::: -... • a INIIIoiOul man, pro tern. Alllta ~ secrel .... ults - l.il....... • . Y.!l: • -- ., /00 -o 

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~·\1;??ci;~t;; 

:ji~·;::~:_ ~'=.~_j ':;·;. 

·:-.•, :.t· ' 

Dr. Moron Lashe- -. . . . . ' . 

Ga: Commission 1 • I . • 

. ~---

,. 

Report As 'Characte( ' ---· -· ALL li~FORMATION CONTAINED 

'Assassination• ~~~~~~~ ':cLAJ~~~~ Is HOWAJlD GIIIJONS • ••• ,.~, 10 wt.~ Dr. ~""" I fJ< IICII'OD oaid, "It WM ~ 

·-. ..,..r .. " oqm •• aw J 'J~ri..eamc that U·.e pubU ... ~-! .r~:AAI~:i!::Wi''C;,I:;:"':,; -"~ _.., ... HipiuGu F"" ¥• po1ocm c:ould take place ta 

~.--...\, and act .. apilllf 1BJUIII'kc. 1')'-JQ:l of racia.l ~--- w .. Dr. M--, .... 14. CeL "i~l'n th .. ! he plan• 1o cottt••• 1, i.!;•··" ,. a.u.-.k. Teaa.. :;; Cme lllte th•t aave Ul tilt 

.aga•n .• ! dtY~nmmatton, qaiDif. llelft· -kid •UDder the l.lllpic:a ol a • l -

gotfon, Rgain~l the use or ~itic&J lmunitt trainiaa ltbool.. I r.··· /-- ~ .. -. ·;;_ ~'•, :-·"-~ ~,.. :c ei:¥rt>!.l personal Dreiu-~t~b:c::~r :n~.;r:, -:a~ I~ Hd"e • • ·" . . - . by the Georr.;;· Collilniuion "011 1 ~01-.~t:C:ORDU Spt:~~ot.tnr. at a vesper servia: In Edu · · 1 li iD •M-· fto 

tb caUon, a eg1s a ve v._.~ .UII 0

olii.,"v_ i 2 . ., ' ;--;.,~! at Hampton Insti te. ling_ body created by the Georlia aw lftrr ~ 57 

Dr. Moron ~aid he will continue Ibis leg~::i.l:&ture. 

''wherever f am and as Ions aa God The Georgi• pubUe body reeordl fi'\~; n1c lt:e suc-ngth and the ca~r- state that "'they met a1. thll work-

~:re to !.-'t:fend ~bat ! bdicve :nd ~hop and discuued methoda and 

wl':<;t l think is rictu." tadica or precipitatinl racial 

The HJmpton Institute prc:~iclent, litrife aDd disturbance." The n*t- ... -ho ha~ jUSt re1Urned from a Wetll. iDJ WU bekf .. in tbe COIIlp&QJ, of 

;;f ~w:e11llE\ of the N01ot1onal Man- lmany bown Commwaiata." ,Jbe 

power ~unci! at Columbia lJotwr- Georlia r«ordl lbte. .. 

~--

' .. '::e Vir.sin.i.a:'l Pi 1.0t 

Ii~rroL~ Ledg.::=r Dis~tcu 

I 

' )' 

I) 

....... 

~~:~ tn ~cw York City,_ trrmd •• .. Dr ... Moron .. decl•red:. ~ *-'t t __ r.;.ra.:ltt ll~.,•~mauon-- a report ,tnat tne aernmar was ··,11vea. wtae 

pnmtd b~ Pcnin•ula. nr•J9¥Ut I publicitr before it occurred._ 4Ur- ~~q '«ed- !hot! Hi,hlamJcr folk ~ 101 tbe three daya tbat it wU bllln& ~hoo!._ whotrc Dr. MOftih-tao""l-'·fcn' -~htld aDd at Jta conclusion."' 

1/.irg!nia Boi!ac~~ ciu..o-Nel--re ----- Princess An01~ Free l're11s 

m aa intep:rahon mectinJ durin& lhe 1 ''Ttle remarks that I m.adw .t 

!Abo< Do) w~keod. bu beea do· , the .. ,.,inar," he poiDted Jut ~eribed by lhe Georaia CommU..n "were reported by the Auoclated oa Education u a ·~ist Press and were published ill.Jhe ,_,~l~ir: &c-hool." ·.. Memphis Commercial Appeal. :u.e 

"I rud the Thursday otory (ia ,Nasbvill~ Banner ltDd ~ Chafta· 

Ill< Ti&n .. Herald) very carefully 10 D!"'ll Times .. Our CllpPIDC !"'f11ce ~ i~ tht rt--luencea te me wef9-. Ji. did DOl pro~~ us w1tb clipplitp 

""'""" tor 1 would «>mid« MJ from any Vll(IDia paper, 10 L ilo , ( ; .·i -:rat that J w:.ta a om.. DOt know_ w_b~. oz: -:aut tbe .,. ~"r" • ... ';~'"'"' aod J 1tl..nd n.c.y was carried ia Vir&Wa:: ___ ~.!) __ 

....., ~-....t 1.nto coun aay peno11 16o He eddecl. "It il lllOit IJUllQUIII&: 

m.ulcs ~cb 11.1!1 KC:uutioa, ..ttll.ju11 thea that aearl1 t.wo month& 1Wer' 

f,mb and confidence that DO IUCb the fact that tbia 1em1rtar .... charge can be aubstantiated," Dr. held and I ·~ a partldpant J»e- ~1Nor. told .about 1 300 iJIIttitute .stu- ~mea tbe subject of CODtraVRn ' m our local preu •• ,--.-

~~~ean~~s;!~u!~~~mb«! WAd· Dr,- Moron aaid be h:u :1o GAte* .. .. rece1ved no communication -m I_ was saddened, howewr. he the Georgia Commission oD Educ,ontol'lued, "bf .... the fact that. al· cation "advisiag me that 1 wu'~ 

wougb no Spec1f1c cbarae was made, sabject of their 'investigatiODI aDd a reputa.ble paper: published ill a in hearings on Oct. C.. 1957. l 

C::~:~:,~~~,~ ~~-·~h~_~_h !f_~pt~: "1 c~ think o~. DOQUal_ dcll ~iJIIH~ D!l~ 1-fVeJJ 10 lnDCft, 0 resembles 1DDn! direeliJ tbe &ee- r·~l)'!:'J;e 

~ 

a pa.ny lO d.iurm.._ iD- tics of &be Communist Party tbaa 

that imjllia &WI< •• .... 'this :::::::r, ol dlaracter .w ..-. · · • ·---.. lor due -· lor ,..-,l·eJ-..,. ........, MCI f~. 

') ) 

·~ £; )' 

lioa. 

~~ ·~llltl~ ~ 

:Jt>ffol;; Ne>;s HerELI 

Ne-.: X _,o;.·t .Nevs Dail;, Press 

Ne'J n.:.'r-:. 5c-:.rs 'l'i1ueo Here ld 

()f"..ilF0L:: DI'i!Ell~) ---

_£ut.e _ __ .L~_:-::H__---6.-:..7'----

-~:;,•itloa ---- t1.llt-_~cr 

.;l~~c~n.ca"~iun __ _ 

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OCT 28 1957 
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·.·,, 

Dt:Moron 

Coatlaoe4 Fram "- Tllree 

thoro of the Bill of Rights which ~mbellishes our Constitution. It is 

almost inconceh·able that iD the same &tate that through the years 

has produced great newspaper 

men, including Vir~inius pabney 

of the Richmond Tunes-Dtspatcb, 

the distinguished president of the 

American Society of Newsp_aper: 

Editors, that the responsibilities' 

whicb undergird fr~om of. the 

· : ""' should be ao lightly disreiarded." 

He c:ootinued, "'I am reassured., 

however. by the many people wbo 1 

ha"~ indicated that t...ttcy ~epl~re. 

thia kind of character assassmat1on 

that this is an aberration which will! 

not be repeated. I am confident 

there are enouah people who ba~C' 

pride in Virainia's history and VJrair..ia'~; f'Oi.ential fo.r wi.se leadenhip 

t..h..at th.U! atttmpt to 1mpos.e upon 

'llrginia the unethical practices anJ t· "'-'·'Ui\'.r~n ~umduds of Georaia 

..-ill be rc:coanisecl and rejected out 

of hand." 

Dr. Moron said1 "If this couatry 

U to be infected with the t.otahtanan 

potioa that .eems to bt flcwi..,,g 

imo Arka.ns•. iDto Teoneseec, aDd now ioto Virainia from the dcmoI'OJUCI io GCOI'Jia. then we are il'l 

for • kiD& of dcmocncy m wllicll 

freedom to oped, freedom to thillt 

and freedom 10 believe ~ill bave _. place; and the d.iffereocc between 

-wbat exists iD Russia IOday aDd 

what we oow e-njoy iD tbe United 

Slat01 will be obliterated. 

•1 ~eve iD the democratic ~ 

oess. I. "believe in the vitality of the 

Om'tian Reliaioo. I believe ill tho: 1::~1 i' ~ of man. These beiieis arc iocoo•iflent with tbe totalitariaaiam 

of R W£la and Geora:ia, and with lhe ""'i!m 

~ of the KremliD Nd the .. uc-Mioft Ct..i . • 

DT !:Cc~on .aid he does I!MJII il!- --·- _, .... !">C .. intimidated IIIII"" tr._, --t ...,-: .. ,...,marily the admJDIIIJB- ·.t 'S 

.uch thrnu, be direct or indtrect, 1 c:omparali"Vcly aman number of Ne--

u the loss of occupatKxl, physical 1roes to a handful of schools that 

Yioleoce or defamation of character. used to be attended only by white 

"'As lona as people are deprived 'students: nor was there any bones! 

of riahts auaranteed to tbem by belief, even by the most rabid sejrethe Constitution of the United gationist, that coeducation of dH Stat~that deprivation which ;race~ would lead to any significant 

comes from politicians who thrivl! mcrease in the crossinJ of racial oa fomentina racial atrife, J will strains; but tbat real objection lei 

continue to lift mv voice against :public school integration was batbd IUCb iniquitous and · uDdemocratic 1 

on realization that if discrimination 

pnctices." and sep:reaation are abolished in 

A; 'for hi:; talk :.t the Hi:.~!!ndcr 'the public :chools, :!! other form: 

Polk School seminar, Dr. Momn of discrimination and ~egreption 

declared Jut night that he made , would come to be seen as even more 

three JKJints in iL ridiculous and unnecessary than they .. One was that recent evidence are today."' 

indicated that tbe conflict over Dr. Moron last night expreS!ed 

integration was producins an ex- ~ratitude to the faculty of Hampton 

iiiieiated fe;;i among white venp!e rnstitute and io uthen "'who haYe 

and that in ao period of our history; expressed their indi,nation at. the 

have white people of liberal or even 1 publication of the story (the Tuues 1 

moderate views been subjected to Herald report Thunday)." snore todal and economic p~ssure: He also said to the student~t -rt fs 

to mate them conform to thellfitting that I make this reply from 

pattern. .. • this platform (in Ogden Hall) and to 

"'My second point w;s th:t :t lihe Hamptoo Ins.iiiute eom.muoii}'. · die same time this enagerated fear lhecause there would be DO reason was spreadina throughout the South, for the inteRst shown in my activ~ 1 

we are aeeina expressions of n~w 1ies by the Georgia Commission on courage on the part of an increasana .Education or by the Times--Herald, 

aumber ol. Negro men m:1 women.. it I were not identified as the prai.· 

of Nesro boys and Jirl•. ~ent of Hampton Institute." ..... , __ .. __ I" __ :_ .. _ ... _,. ...... ...... - - ... - -- •• 

-r1nauy, & pum~ vu' ..... , ~ 1 • 1 ne JUV, vernon r. .aoaeta, 

nal buia of readtaftn- .. ft. ~lain of tbe inatinne. presided 

plementation of the Sutw•--· :;,...._ ... thr wetp« IU'Vice. - - .... publl< tdlooll wu . 
· ...... . ·i .· .. 

. ' 

~ ·. ' 

) 

i 

/" ... -~- ·._· .. :; ... ;." ··~ .,.. -'· : •::. . . 

i ~~~~ j:. ·" "~ .//z:~dzi:\\~J:J.{; :: i;t:~:;:~::;; ·{:0 ~ ~}i':/ 

' ' . ' ' : .• ...:.. 1:.-

·I 

ke Up, Ameri~! - L\ . 1'/_ 1 @ 

By Otto Gar ague .r- · .}:>1 

Writing today'ieruumn on~ or the moal .Pai uJ 

experience• I ever have had. And aaddening becau.., 

the more deeply I dig Into oubvenion, the more abaken 

hecomea my eonfidence In the devotion to my beloved 

Dation of a vast group of my fellow American1. j 

I have he{ ore me \ 

the last Labor Day 

citizen• at what Ia known aa ·~~.~~~~~~~~ 1

1, located at Monteagle, Tenn., " 

by some autboritiea aa a "Communiat I 

To what degree thia I• juatified I wlll let you ourmi..,l 

by offering the Communiat Front organization~ to whieh 

iu founder• belonged• No. 1 to 36; No. 2 to 45; No. S 

-~ . 

.. · ." 

. ;. : ,;-·· ... 

c 

g;~: Bel r~- • __ 

Mr. .;·s··ns 

ltir. \ ~~ ,, ···-- Mr. Tn.?un 

1H. J. __ _ 

Mr. N-":. ·" 

Tele. lWom 

M_,. H·)li'Jman_ 

Miss Gandy __ 

to 43. A conaolidated luting of those in attendanee 

on Labor Day sbo·,..s alignment with 120 Communiat 

Front organizations. \ · { . 

,A typical description of rheae Is contained In a 

report of the Honse Un·Ameriean Activities Committee& 

"Schools under patriotic an<l benevolent titlea indoetrinate Communist• and outsiden in the theory and 

practice of Communism, train organizers and operative&, 

recruit new ')>arty memben and oympathizero , • , aeek 

to paralyze America'• wlll to reolst , , • opread defeatiam, 

CINCOOTATI ENQUIRER 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

DATE'--._/ o::........:-.;l::;:,..x.i"_,~ S'-Zl... 

PAGE __ ../..4 __ _ 

demoralization and race friction." · · 

To ahake you out of your complacency and falae 

aenae of oeeurlty, mull over this: If there are only 100 I 

such "Communist Training Schools" in the eountry, 

each with only 100 matriculates, we muot have at 

least 10,000 citizens training to "spread defeatism, deoj 

moralization and race friction." Ten thousand aub- j . 

wbio!le. · . · versivee ~·aiting to eo to work when Moscow blow; tha. ' n'/• · 

! ~Better oit down right now and write every member ~ f I 

11 

of ongreao you can reach demanding that restriction• ( / (..,n, ~ I on . he Federal Bureau of lnveotigation and thet• . · Am lean Activitiea Committee he removed aa ooon aa · 

Con eoo reconvene• In January. Do it now! J1 1 · ~ CIC!IIOIUIIAIUI .. ,. -:-

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN I? y~~LASSIFIED . .~ 

DATE~BY ~K~~ /1 <J ~ \;J_ 

52NOV 251957 390 

1-?Lb _22 .!L A 

NOT RECORDED 

1381\(J, 20 195Z 

·-

! 

SiAn;rl~D--....... l'iJi:<:o1_, 

SEniAliZW ........ fll.ED _ ·- _ 

.... : ... l ---
.. --~ , . 

. ' ' " ·_._-.;- - -. ; . ::.-,' 

;-~~-_:;_.::::· 

~ 

~~ !;.- -- . -. 

~--;.,..-~;~ 

.:_~.;~ 

-.--

" 

. 

' 

~ 

·-t ; 

\~ .~;__: 

¥~: 

'··' 

~ 

~· 

·4 ., 

' \. 

_t;'.:"' :-··>d 

;"·-~·_; .. -~ 

.. - :_ . _.., ... ·-: 

• • • ,_ 

Would-Be Wire Tapper& 

Should Try Hearing Aid 

So the secretary of the Georg~a Educa-

' 

tion Commission would buy electronic 

equipment suitable for wire tapping? 

Well, hit requisition makes one impor· 

tant omission. He lhould have asked for 

a hearing aid 

In fact, without even an audio booster, 

r 

he might learn that public opinion does 

not rrustain Gestapo activities. Nor Ia the 

public enthusiastic about spending tax 

money for some of the far-fetched "'educational" propaganda the Georgia Education 

Commission hu been buying. 

I We don't believe the government and 

Its efficient oecurity agency, the FBI, 

would any "Communist meeting" 

at in Tenas 

maintain. 

According to reports, anyone who was 1 

willing to pay the registration fee could 

1

. get in at the Highlander School, make 

photographs, or attend the dance. That 

isn't in the Commie pattern. • · . 

The Highlander School has long had a 

reputation as a haven for somewhat silly 

· and extreme left-wingers and pseudo-liberals of the naive or stupid variety. 

But if any Communist school was held, 

~ as the commission claims, it is a matter 

l for the FBI and not for any amateur wire '\ 

~appers or bush-league secret police. · 

s: ~ ·- . . . . J 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN lS. ~NCLASSIFIED ~~­ DA fF ,1/l!.f?_LBY 8J? 0h 

I <t fl; (_ ,~ 

THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION 1(/- 7L-Jj- .4 

Atlanta, Georgia 

October ~1, 1957 

Editor:, RALPH McGILL ~ . .. --

7 ~DEC~1957 

HOT RECORDI. 

U0 DEC :.!0 1~57 .. 

" 

-----

·-

X Mr. Trotter __ 

Mr. Clayton_ 

Tele. Roo·mm'--

Mr. Holloman_ 

Miss Gandy __ 
t 

• 

' 

/. 

· /~ACE-MiX iN G;:-C-:;:-E:_::t-v.-:,;:;T:c::r~R;:-u~' -;, ,:-"-v.:' u:"-:E::R:-:f:· :ltt:n~E:-;:;=;:;:---,-::-:: ::::--· '1 'i · -~ '· 

Highlander Director Says School--~~·_ .. ,,i_ 

, H. 

~ Not Co.mmunist, But in Same Field .J :: 

;:; Jeuraai-Coll!~-trtuUoa By JACK l\'ELSO~ Slaff Mn~r 'I > t\ - I -p~".~ ~,~ \ •. - --- -~ ----- ..__""'!' l-- t'"';e ~-1 • 

'l\10.:\TEAGLE, Tenn , Dec. 14 • .. f.r...,.. " 

~~~~";.~:;~'t :' !~~~tr~~ti~~~: ~ll: am.-; .i~·i.t .. , ··UT- ili~-~d bej._ Ortnr.~~~ ~r 'J!here race mixers plan the fight '"" !he od>'!'f "- ever Mil f'Y j *1- :.&tailll! • --Jllil!l: 1

• *'diJJJ • ''s~· a HigflW;:ainst st·grpgen in the south. ~.. ~. ~m;:~ J ~ ~ ww. ._ .dca-ag.l~ger lifftdeJK-ftmf 'MtHf ~-~-·- ~ lts name - tfiuhiander Foik I> I r~t a pas~poft"to ;-- -- ---;t!- :war~ necessary to ~et the :;rJor· ernor rnight also-. be g-uilty oi 

lk:hoo1-has an . l~nocUollS-nn·g ,P~ d st pa~t summer:' ~ saJd. 1: matJO~ c.ompned by the Georgia "planting Berry, an a1Ieged Com- ~- .. , 1 , · 1 rec· !. a o Sign an affJdavJt say- Comnuss1on on Education. munist, at the school .. "''"Jl uc•les liS con ro\ ersm g I was never a Communist to T V WHJ' ms J th · · r:...;·' ,.f ;1'1 ,.:\emt·nl in labor and, Lt the passport.. . s· ·, · Ja 1 .r., e comnns· "'I say "alleged; because he .... · ·c · I fF · 1 tons exec~ 1 ve secretary uld be kin 1 ,. -:an_al ~tn e.. , ,· . ~Ho:ton explai~s ~~ ~I ~nves- ; claimed that .the commission's re- ~~rton 8 "'('or i or the FBI, • Hl~hlonder s C'Urrent actn Jtles ' fieatJons bv S;>;VIt\11 W£> ..... ,., ........ ) nnrt nn th ..... nt.<>fY9<<>f; ............ _, __ '--- llll..-77 .,.f> .. i ~.~ ....... M.I A-.ILJ/ <~ ~-·· - - , • ! ~- - --; -.., --_, ••• ..,, '''-" '" •u ~on:::! j r-v•• "" ..._,-,.. '"""6~100UUU ft'U1!1..~11Up ,..,,'lfl''~ _.... • .,.,.,. ...... -••• ·---- ··-- are cone ntrated on trammg · _same f1eld the Communists are 1 , held at Highlander over the Labor . e report showed a 

~rge nu ers of whites and Ne.-1 ~we just use different meth- j ·Day weekend was based on infor~ PIC eierr and three other : 

1roes to ouch off integration at- , !d_ ~-" A s k e d to elaborate, he ~- mat ion gained by Ed Friend. •_ .. rsons.~ o of ~hom it i?entified : 

""·'Pis I oughout the ,So'JI~· -~ 1a1d: · I' state employe, who "infiltrated"' as .J!ajp _I~presJdent a( 

~~';,·~ Joun~ ~I S ot~:~~~~r. ~~· ~"~~!! .:~.1~i ~~~.:ni~;::~~ th~~":,c:';,ade it appear th~~;~; g ::.-:~~~-iii i 

inowledges that_ \~e~ sc;bQo_} has td m SOCJal equahty. '' 1 the integration sessions were su- 1. ~ 1 n, who parUJcpat&d..j 

1$1>. en connected '\t1rh 'most inte- ·_·Highlander hit the. headlineS i per secret. - . _lm th~. mt.egr. ··.t.io~ worksh·op ..as. a,' 

r·::.!icr. att:':npts s!n.ce the U.~. (':;o months_ a?"o when the Geor- Actually, the , meetings were jPanel~st di~cu~smg l~bor union 

1 

~1pr-eme Court d-ecls1on of Hb4 JIB . Comrmsswn on Education open to the press and were cov.;.l1 ~~ ~ ~1;Dte&fa~ •. ~lq~ Jl,rofojbiting public school segre- P~lbhshed a four-~age newspaper- , ered by Tennessee newsmen. tile &OVel'JlOI' ~ ~~~.~~t1;\!wn. -rf_.ri;J .. ~~~e ~epo:t chargmg that the in- Frieild registered al lhe school ~-a~empt _to _rna~ ~-ffgtit-fc.r .._. • • • - ilHuhon IS a "ComiYlUnist train- as an employe of th Stat t :r---'"--"--... '\:... --:~"'".--~·-~ -· ·· - · · .,. 

::THE SCHOOL WAS established ~g school." I Georgia. · ~ e 0 f:'~.es ·~-"gat"'.·. n. 811,..._ · ',, to . ~ a In S"::Cptemb~r. 1932. by Horton and ~ • • • . . "'ommumst monop_oiY:~. - .. ~; ·: I>vr..ald L West a Geofgian with .., THE COMMISSION set up by I i . As f~r the subversn.;_e orgamza- - HIJ1le flagrant dtshonesty 'of· the t . · • . . . . a.. . . • · tions listed by the report which · · It ed rt " H ' ~- io.lg r~eo~d of aff,]Jatwns With ~~--~-~~r-~la Le?_Jslatu_~e !o __ help~ was Si!Zned bv Gov. Marvin ~rif. !?:::r~~~} .~ .. e: ...... .,.! ... e!!o,_, ...... :~ fP_ mmumst tront groups.- IIi'! t:.~:~.t!rye ~atlDJ1. , C!!)l1t_ ed_ that I f' - · • · - - --:--- ·- --- ~.uo::•u ~u, ~~ ,.. .... .., ... o;;:u~ "' ~ \.oGI..,. , . , • . llighfSQcfef.j"··~.... l~- ·.-:-· •• _. ". ·c·.- 1 mas commJssJon c~atrman, they tion appeanng unQer a photo- ~It. d1dn t t. ake the school Jong to . . . - ~.- .n¥~--~_" are a matter of p_ubhc record and h h" h • rt to id tify 

e~ta~li~~ itsel~, ?s a_ ce_nler _of con- al~ ~ ~ ~ -' -, · ~ '- have been for Some time. ,J ~:pas :n~c ~rp;ro~p incl~~ng ~o~otor5-la1 socl~ll phtlosoph!<. . to~ -.strtft. 1,_-- -· - .,. • • "1"t"!..:.--- a· person said to ~ a Conuriunist 

, On Dec. 15, 1932. the. Grundy ~i;,fOOJ ,:,5.!.• -: · THE GEORGIA REP 0 R T; Part'y member by the name of 

ltm:,,h-.. Rn::<~rri nr J.f1,,P=<~t•nn ··-·· .. '' ~ named oneAnown l'nmm••md -· ... ___ _ 

t;";:;~d .High~~d~r ~i r o~~;,.~~i~g I p~rted~ ~at t!e tnitnbtr -t rr~~ ,! tbner '~itfrj_~~-N~~~-·id~n~- D~~:ydon't kn,~w Berrv Or ...,;hetho!illl.nty school blUldings becaUse ~- ~ { ~ a! n h c::ec e W1 11 1ed as a~ o1CJcJa of the American' er he even appears· in the pic-

~{$ ~B~ged leJ(·~i_ng o! ~olitica~ e~g ~~~ ~~g~za~ons ~~~~~e~~ (J Commumst . Pary and a r_~o_;ter' ture. for I bave OOver met the 

il:ltl:r that wac; Hl:'d or Commu- ' rQJTll1lunist fronts bv the Ho J ~or the Datly Worker-as ~Ing man; but I do know that I am .qi!:,t 1n appearance." , · , ..... --1-~-- .. ·. u~e 1

. 1m attendance at the Labor Day ot th h th t' · brrh..,_ ..... 1, ....... 1 l. ............ ,., .. f: .... ,.,,., .. _ ... __ , ~ ,~I tie$ Comnut- . 1 intP.~Sitinn u,.nrtrc:hnn ; ~ e person w om a cap 100 ~ ,,,I;; :;,. ... , ..... ...,, 11a~ \-VII\11\Ut:'\l unut'T ttl .- · "'( , =-/.~.~ 1 ----... -----· ··--··Y· · · lidf'ntified as me.. -

rr~~.,P .. 5'lrl ~iJlanc~ by_ the Federal ~-: .· .. -,: '.. .... ~ .. :c..~~ I Horton ~Ia_ims he did not_ know That Highland~r ha~ been ex-:. 

lureau _of l_n_ve.stl/:!atJtm and HoP.. I · Berry.until introduced to him by trernely active in som~he: ~OIL/l.!.:!·l~t:J-f_~'"@YS, ')'\'; f?een in- \ Georg1.a's ~ nl Friend, the s~~~~ts · 

~:&~a~~:M:-~,.~ .t__..._ ·~:;'v;;!J•~:"Z ••: is~~ . ....-~,\~~;,:.;J!, 

THE ATLAN.·TA JOURNAL AND CON.STITUTION It~ wri!J!r,_Hortoa fecjar:~ I \ . _I) • ' 

Atlanta, Georgia 1 /,1- 7§11- ~- l 4 ,' __ _. ___ ;_f-_:.:,_._..--'-- l2Ll5~57- - ·· · NOT AECQA!"'·:o ! __ _,_ ___ _ 

~~~ to~~G~~~E~~uf~d~of 1958 

rs-c 

Atlanta File: 
;~~' ·-;<·-:·? 

~~-~-~~\~-

'· ., .. 

\~.., ... ~~- .... _ ...,.«·-.;.~_ 

1n!EmER fl!E riool 'has 

• PI>' G( COO'!IJjiPi<lo< .;IC· 

ti;>lty 1! onflllrer ·qbestlo7l..!.'!lne 

ihat has hounded Highlander ever 

since that December day 25 years 

ago when it was barred from 

using local 'SChool buildings. 

During the depression, High~ 

lander engaged in vigorous union 

organizing campaigns and 

brought down upon .itself tlle 

wrath ol business 1eaders. 

"(j 

• 

~ .......... _. ··-···· -..- "t. come -· · ~ - ... 10hool .ptyteH."' - .La.:..: "Nt~i!.._~ 

·,~ -· -eiii!IHi' .. ery ·truly yours, Eleanor Roosevelt. .. 

It was dated February 194.1. 

••• ' HORTON SAYS Mrs. Roosevelt 

still contributes to the school. "We~­

got a letter from her just tile oth-

. er day," be srud. . I . Joh~ Dewey, who was h'ead of j 

I the philosophy department at Co- II 

lumbia University in New York, 

was chairman of Highlander's 

Committee of Sponsors until his 

death four years ago, according' 

· Highlander's labor efforts soon 

became the object of a congres~ 

sional investigation. And on No\". 

30, 1942, U.S. Rep. Martin Dies, 

chairman of the· House Commit· 

tee on Un-American Activities, 

lis1 ed Highlander as "'decidedly 

I 

communistic." to Horton. ~ i 

a, a ; ; Horton sai hat Dewey and I 

1 

THREE YEARS AGO a former ·Dr.:_ R_e~n~ol :~i~b?~r D! ~n'ionl rnrrn•·mnio:t tt'<::tified at a hearing \ The~og1cal e~marr __ m. ~~w t. 

of the ~enate 1pternal._Security 'Yg!"k both advJsed h1m m the! 

'

bcomrriittee-",tt1_ Se~'"-:orwms. . ~ounding or Highlander. He stud-: 

·., __ Ulat H\gl&.~tider.. Wlt~- .-orking . :Jed under both educators. Dr. Nie- ~ • . . . ., __ .· "·:." . :,·:· r v :\ buhr still supports the Highlander. l ~~ ~ d~ -coot~ratie ·. -Wtb the Horton said that w~ile High· 

,.~mm'-!1)!_~ ~B~Y .:: , _., . : · landet- has become accustomed to I 

r,": Sen. J~e.S Eastla'nd !D-Miss.l', being cri_ticized, "we've .never· wnboomm'llle~ chairman, had had anythmg as low-level as Gov. 1 

l\-h·les Horton ou~ted from tile Griffin's smear happen to us be-: 

same hearing after the Highland- . fore." . er director ~efl ed to answer 1 "But we've weathered storms 

','.::_: :_L:r . . ~;;_;_:2f'Z ·9iJ~l;_r~'!:_s_!d was! before," Horton said. "GrifHn · aft~lJateQ._ ~-~t the school. Dom- ought to read the record. We've, 

browski. who as been a member'· gone through much more e!fec·.' 

of< ." _;' ~: ·"' r o 11 ~ ?.rganizati~ns 1 ti~~ s~ear __ ~cti~s :~a~--~~~:".:.. 11 

h;' .... ..:.~-'· ~·--·)\ ,·r~n·e. was wltpj! nonon saJ.u u.- I:) uou6""luUS ']] 

. Highlander at pnr time. L ,.,,.., ! tactics" for Griffin and other seg- : .. · Succeed1n! 1 • iJ:ut1e~f~ ~ High- ' regationists to "identify every in-,,. 1£~nd~-~ wili _go into more detail ; tegratio'n m~v~m.~nt i~ the South II 

on _tn1s 1-leann.g, prev10us investi- ' as Commumsttc. . . : . 

gallOns and 'the school's part in • • •. I! 

the tu·bulent labor movement. HE . s~m THE Highlander reHighiander has not been with- port by the Georgia Commission 

ou• it::. s!aunch def~nders, some on Education was "calcuated to '

1 

o! them nationally prominent. keep people away from the school, • + • • . but "it's .not SCtlring people.''. He' 

0~ THE WALL in the office of si!d .. Ql .pet~ attended the 

Highlander's main building is 8 ~atiksgivtna:· biii' :~l!:end Wrl· 

i.;<_l,·r on \\'hite House stationary -~~ ~-~u;'*~-;-~:;~,·~~!~Lf:;in~ ~o Do':lhrow~ki. who was' on High· vlt-ed. \' :0: \- :!'l ~ _...it j 

1ander s staft from 1934 Until 1942. '- · ,. · · Tht: letter begins, ":My Dear Mr. ~-_'The lhort-rwi effe6t0fthe r- .. Dombrowski: ala report bas been to increase I . , .. , . contributions to Highlander by : 

~-•-~'"'~:n .,,se~o~~~- ~:: ~~~t s;:_~ three times,., according to Horton./ 

as my contribution toward a I ·~1 don't know about the long. 

1 

sdwlarship in the Highlander Folk range affect:• he said. "Some 

1 

SchooL , . people are hesitating now to be 

''I hm·e had the school checked I identified with the school because\ 

by people in whom 1 have abso-! of the _smear." . 

lt!~e confidence and am convinced l' ~i,g~aDder. is a~ported ·_by- con- J 

i that the newspaper ·attack BOd 1 ~1bution~ from individuals, or1 

the groups which have beeu op·: ~- gaJUiauons ~-,;y uie' ·· posed to you are not opposed to 1 f_oun<latiooi _and t.uitiiNI. .. ~.'.-~ ·_: : you because of any Communisd ~ · . --. •- • , -.. ·- ··. -~ · ach·tties, but because ·they are' -. .td:ONDAY .:~ 'Jbl At.lanta:· ~- .... ! 

'-'PPO-i'eCJ to labor organization, ' , . ~ ... - · · . . -~.,. ~~ 

. an.~.. therefore labor. education. I• 1 E .. '·::~·· .. ~ :!@unl~ •_ ' .· Tim; seems to _me a mos! .un·l l ·-~ _ . .-- 'l!'*f···l:-{'~ 

r...., . .M>d s. h. orts1ghted attitu.de J. · . .., · 'M:· t · en4,.. kef~. t .,...--~ing t1 ' · • -· · · --· · • ., ' 

-~ .. ~-' •. '$·~·Jt¥ *P<!Dijl \ . • 

Staff Photo-Charles Puah 

1\0'(.ES HORTON, DIRECTOR OF HIGHLANDER 

11'1! S!iS • School Has No Connection With Commumsm 

' :"i::'.loii.l: --·-- l . --·--- --------------~---
. :-' 

·-·"'. . ·:·. 

' ' 

.. ,, :~_{:· 

• .. 

CHigblander Folk School ~ JlortAlll ukl. "-' l!o_lilld -~ 

f 

~ ........ d .... 

·' about Highlander because of some. 

R d A · thing that happened back about 

e ctivi.-ty Charg' e, ~A Daily Worker reporter Jn.' 

terviewed me when Crouch first • D J 1 . i £'I 1 · I came to Tennessee to try to or- ' 

D tan tea Ott a l:TTUU!!e 'ganize TVA (Tennessee Valley 

~ u , Authority) workers. The reporter 

l .. ked me about Crouch, what I 

By JACK ELSON .,_jt . thought about him. ' . 

(Second of a urtes· of seve rtides.) :::,...----· BORTON'S EXPLANATION ' 

MONTEAGLE, Tenn., Dec. 1>'-.NY~~ rlon, director of High- , "I told him that I didn't want. 

lancler ni't School, clrums a "per :::onal grudge" prompted a formE'r 

c m ' ' t t r bo t II d . . . h h 1 . Ito be put In the position of ad· I o :n .. ms o 1e a u a ege cu~urustlc activity at tl e SC oo., . vising the Communist Party about 

Thi~ is one of many explana- i' ........... #_ ,._' , •.. r:.'! .-; ~- ·-· - ~ I what to do, but I said, "You ought 

tJons that Hort~n _offers for the I 1ut Croucb~s· to have an organizer who is at 

~~~_:, ::~~t~- ~~~---~:- ~ter-j ,:=,.~ }A1ll&tld ~J ~~:SH-o~rt:.oaH·-.· trc81 •A<-Jcu o ... JJuv• a.u 1..vmmuiUsm smce munist activities was 'SO wca.A ..-.. 1.-a;.un-.~tse~th· " ·o a:rtn";thfL'!,._is:re.~m.peo-ark I 

Highlander's establishment 25- .;,d full of holes" that the De- Instilled In Crouch a hatred that 1 

v""ars ~go. Horton flatly denies pSrtment of Justice. dropped sey- :·- •.. ~ _ ..... ~u._ tJas ever h~d any- eral cases it bad based on his ~:~d .!!_i~ ... ~ smear Highlander 

r.hmg to do With _commum.sm. testinlony , . ...............,.. 

The sworn _testimony that the Thomas K. Hall. criminal sec- ~..,-~-;~====,.==~ school was li?ked to the Com· tion chief of the internal security At· llll1 'rate, 'Crouch testified 

; rr-umst consptra~y carne from division, Department of Justice, that Highlander was "'a school 

i ~u~ouch.._ former Tenness_ee told The Atlanta ConstitutiCtn: .•• ostensible as an Independent 

: 

0

• gann.e TClr the ~mmumst "'No criminal cases have been labor school, but actually working 

PUty, Ill • 1!153 heannr fll the dropped by this division for that in close cooperation with the ComSenate Jnternar Security subcom .. ' reason." munist Party." 

mitte< in New Orleans. La AI: On the contrary. Crou~h's testi- Crouch testified that olmpeJ .A. 

though it i." nut the onlY- tcsti.. mony was ~onsidered_ lDlportant ombrowski was an instructor at 

:---,u--,i" , · _:-, ·; ...,:!~.-r:JJer·CQmmunist ir. <;o~urust consprr;c~th ~ 'ffiilllanaer from about 1937 until 

lJI1k, it certainly is 50mP of the ~onVIction~ 11nder the nu d some time in the '40s, Dombrowmost p~1in!C'c!. D'i. c t_..,:-:.~.V tr. St. Lou1s, Honolul~ Seattle an ski, a graduate of At Ian t a's 

~ Hm tviJ i\d.~ ouc;ted trOm thJ~ Ptiladelp~a. acc~rding to Hall. Emory University, is executive di- ... . ~{ s:~me hr-.;;ring becauSf' he refused' The Philadelphia case was r~ rector of the Southern Conference 

~.: . .,~--. .;....--:-·~ tr am:·~·e,. B: question He tried to vlierhstedofbythetheYaStuepsredmec~siCoon~ 8 Educationa]_f\lnd, which was the 

'6 read a J.:!\"~·ared statement in~ g . . . . central subject of the subcomm.it11 sct>ad. L•lt ~:1. James Eastland conspi;acy case lD Cahforma. Ap- tee hearing. ~--N- k 4t,;~. """""· ~ _ TD-~~io;Si. subcommittee ehair. peals m the other three cases are _ • · .. ._ u.an, ordered him removed from P<nding. . . TELLS OF MEETING ~-~ .. ~-.If fl._, ~'"'" • ..~ .. ;r,c- ,.,lf"m""t ~- -- (ln the Yat-es dec1s1on, rendered ~.!ke.d if Dambrowski !!!erepted, •· • ..... ".~ .... ~. June 17, !957, the court held that Communist Party disc I pI iDe, 1 

ben. E•stiand told The Atlanta the Smith Act was aimed at the Crouch testified: . Ccn.'i-:..:"iU!JGD that the De~arlment 

of Justice fowtd that Cr&uch's advocacy and teaching of con- "Yes, sir; to the extent that all 

tt-st imon)' "fitted m" wjU"l the de- crete actions for the forcible over- instructions that were given him 

partment's in\'estigations. ··'nl~ throw of the government and not by the subcommittee by the disdo:>partmcnt's invest.gation has of principles divorced from ac- trict bureau of Tenessee (of the · .. ~· 

. . r

. -----.-~·-- .... 

'l:lw& Wtlllel11111l .. -·: rDet 8t. Highlander~Horton, 

Dombrowski and the 

NashvilJe organizer the Communist Pm:tY and later CJ:ouch's 

successor as Tennessee organizer. 

Also present for part ol the meet· 

in~. Crouch testified. was Franz 

I 

Daniel, trade union organizer and I 

a Socialist. · 1 

Crouch testified that he alated 

I 

at the meeting that the Communist Party "was anxious to get 

the maximum results from the 

I Hi~hlander Folk School without 

, endangering Mr. Horton ar any- "1 one. • •• 

DANGER TO FUNDS 

"Tbe results to which l referred/' Crouch expiained, •-were 

if it were to become public knowledge that the Highlander Folk 

I School was cooperating too close-

, ly with the Communist Party and 

carrying on too much open Communist propaganda that it would 

endanger its funds and Its support 

and the Communist Party recog- : 

nized that this would be harmful . 

to the school and the party." . 

Crouch said the purpose of the 1 

mreting was ••to work out a plan 

by which the Daily Worker would 

be purchased by the ocbool." 

He testified the Communist , 

newsllaper "would b.;" ma~\ cessible to the students, that · 

everywhere possible the lnstruotors should refer to the Daily 

Worker. to news that had come 

in it, to encourage the students , 

to read it, and it was agreed that I 

the Corr •. Inunist Pa.rty shauld. lt..ave j 

a student, a leader, se1_1t there 1 

as a student whose lob, 11 wo?Id 1 be to look around lot prospective i 

recruits and Mildr~te. new 

I 

in Washington, D.c:~as selected. 

to attend the Highlander F o I k i 

School for the purpose of recruit-. ' ' '1'-; ; d:-20 lm t-Js te.s~imony," East- tion. In failing to point out this CommuniSt Partyl were carried 

:iznd <ieclared. difference, the. trial judJle's .cllar~e ..,..t by Dr. Domhrow.ski..r~g.ard- "' iJ!g for the Communist !'arty and ·jcircy!ng 1M ·COtruuiMiBt ~ 

, 1~ am011,1 lbe . ~ body. 

:t~Mn." . :: ). _··!'~~~~-~J~;--,:~~~ 

,. ".?: 

t~ 

~·· '·~ 

Croud. has died since the hear- to lbo jury Y11 .Wecti... llle Inc the odmlnlstnoti011 ol l!!e RIP' 

in2. , ___ L • tpU'I ruled. I - - .. · . ; __ lander_F~Ik. ~ 1 ,__.", .; ~· --- ~ 

;,..:. M.wANTA CONSTITUTION 

"~-""".,""'' Georgia 

-~---·- --.---- ~~ ~ ·--~ .. ~->L~ .. v. t,··· 

12-16-57 

Edit;or: RALPH McGILL 

Re: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL 

IS-C 

Atlanta File 100-804 

'IJEXED-22 

---- ----------- ......_____ ---
' 

·,· .. 

,_ ~. 

;:.····~.: 

:.·~ ..... ·•. ..,. ..,.,, ... ,. ... · • ..;· .. o,;;-·;,;·•,. .. ,..:;•·;.:~-.. ;_.;.··.,·:::..:,·:-... ,-:.:.·•i"::..,>.,e"'"i"'".;.,.}.,·~;..·,r 

. ' 

1 

~ 

• 

·r:_-: 

~ 

~OTES. BORTON < . l 

"You said was· ·agreed?" it 

Crouch was 

agreed?" 

asked. "Who 

Crouch replied: "Mr. Borton 

and Mr. Dombrowski.'' 

Crouch testified that at the 

same meeting he asked Horton 

a b o u t joining the Communist 

Party. He quoted Horton, .,as 

near as I can recall his words, ... 

as replying: 

"I'm doing you just 85 much 

good now as I would if I were a 

member of the Communist Party. 

... aw often asked if I am a Com· 

munist Party member and I always say no. 1 feel ·mu..:b safer 

in· having no fear that evidence . might be uncovered to link me 

i with the Communist Party, and 

. tht:refore I prefer not to become 

' a member of the Communi!;! 

Partv" }<'f...-- ~ f£"1-:' i DOUGLASvxLL,:,;JI"1!'EST (...fr 

I Ad:od i! Dod;il(l;est. a Georgian 

nuw lJ\ 1ng near Douglasvi1le, had 

anything to do with Highlander, 

~:: ,,;Jc~ :le;>~t.i.~~ "' ~, ~. "He previOuSly had. Rev. Don 

\\'t~st and Myles Horton were the 

Gr;glnal foundera of the High-

:a;;dcr Folk School but tho Rev. 

:: .. r. West had earlier left .•• to 

become, first, Socialist state secTr·tary fOr Georgia; then, my assJstant in North Carolina in the 

.-~nli'munist Party as· district 

trade union director of the Co -

munist Party; then, as Kentuc 

stgte organizer for tbe Co u~ 

nist Party: and now I under~t d 

:~ :"! 1·;:-:~f'r for 1\-lr. Aubre iliJ<::.~~ paper. 

'h1ihams, who publishes the ~ ~~~~·!"n Farm and Home maga1 ·"l'f> in Montgomery, Ala..!l is a 

],'-·mi.ler of Highlander'• execu-

- _ ., ..... ...ii. He has been affiliat- , ed with many organizations labeled "subversive .. by the House 

i r:ornmittee • Vn-Americaa :Ae-- ! 

. ..idtiea.) . ., . . 

• 

~-· •. 

I

PAJLY WORKEII ' • -~ ,,,r. I 

Q-auch t.Wied tbat 1t ..... 

I agreed at the meeting that the ' 

Daily W o r k e r would be car- : ried where all the students would 

., be able to see it, "and I was 

· later informed by }!ildwl . Wllile , that this was done and that there ' 

' was considerable reading of the ' 

Daily Worker." S 

r When Horton took tho stand at • tho hearing, Sen. Eastland asked l 

i him if Mildred _Whita bad attend- i 

I ed Highlander. . r 

"U she did It W85 many years ; 

ago and I have no list of students · 

' but if she attended she did not at-t 

1 

tend as a Communist party mem- . , ber ," Horton replied. . . 

. ! "We accept no students frmn . 

the Communist party and never ..i 

have,.. Horton testified. 

He balked when asked If Dom- · 

brOWakl was ~filiated w!bl tligh. 

landar. . . . . 

"CouldD't I give my reasons' 

why 1 don't want to answer?"~ 

1 Horton Inquired. I 

EASTLAND OBJECIS • 

i Eastland replied that he did not l 

want "reasons,'" only an answer, f 

; and when Horton persisted and ' 

· tried to read a statement, East· I 

land declared, ·'We are not going 

1 ;· to bave any self-serving declara- . tions." . 1 On Eastland's orders, a federal! 

Marshal removed Horton from · the hearing room. f · Horton says tne reason be re- · 

: fused to answer questions con- ' 

cerning Dombrowski was that, 1 

"I'm not goina to be an In- 1 

former." i 

In the 51>-page prepared statement that Horton never got to 

read to the subcommittee, he 

blasted the committees of Sen. 

McCarthy and Rep. Velde, ac- cusing thetn of using undemocratic methods "under the guise 

.of .fiibtilli communisu:L.:: ... ~-....-· 

The atatement also eriU 

Eastland'• aub-cGmmlttee. • ·. 

- ----------------- --· 

ICHOOL JNTEGilllftOK ... - . 

1 n te 1 ra tl o n af · lbe Jlllb!i!; 

schools, said Horton In ·bis atate: 

OIPnt, would "spectacularly refresh the Democratic t h e 8 i 8 

everywhere." And be added, .. 1 

suppose that In the eyes of some of the members of this commltt... opposition to segregation Is 

'subversive., n 

An<Jt]jer witness at the bearing, 

~~.uU~. identified u a for- mer ''functionary of the Comriiu~ 

n•st Party In Alabama, testified n,., IV 

he attended a meeting of Com-

"'unist Party leaders In July of 

l942 In the Birmingham hotel 

r'•Om of James Dombrowski 

Butler testified that Dombrowski was introd to him as a 

,,ommunist ty member. Butler swo e e introduction was 

by Alto awrence, who In N~ 

v<mber, '1!156;.....-s 1ndicted on a 

•''1arge of conspiring to file a 

false non • Communist affidavit __.----

with the National Labor Relations · 

Board. As a labor union official, uawrence was required to file a non • C!>mmunist affidavit with ~LRB. . 

tf"wren~ also was a member 

rl the Highlander faculcy during 

1

, .lte school's early days.·,··. 

N.C. MEETING 

On Aug. 13, 1938, Jobn ~~. 

9< esident of Metal TrMl!S'"Oej'iiinment of tbe ,v'L, testified before __.----

the Dies Committee on Un-American. Activities, and n a m e d 

A;ton Lawrence and Myles Horton as persons who "attended a 

st'cret convention in North Caro- i 

l:ina. at which time plans were 1 

made for spreading the revolu- J 

ticnary theories throughout the i · 

South." l 

"'In connection with this,"" Frey 

<estified, "I might mention that 

the Highlander Folk School at 

Monteagle. Teon., was mixed up 

in this secret co~vention, in which , 

tl:ese CIO orgamzers took a very 

prominent part. n 

ln Tuesda.y'a Atlanta Conrtltution: What Jiilllll~. 

~bon th1111c of the -.--

lf.' I' a r·•·W¢'\ 

t 
.... 

c 

~ ~ otatemmt said Jbe cqm- DUssion was created by the 

Georgia Legislaticm in 1953 [or 

tbe purpose of uncovering ..... ~ master plan, Soviet insph'ed, J»ehind the racial incidents so fvidespre.ad today.'' 

The statement quoted the com- Jnission u saying, .. During 

Labor Day weekend. 1957, there a.ssembl~ at Highlander the 

leaden: of every major race incideut in the South ••. " 

Attenda.Dee IDrreAaed 

"''ue sta.tecnmt said, •'The semInar attacked by Gov. Griffin 

wa.s one of a series of workshops, each from one to six 

"""'ks In duration, beld by Highlander ainee 1953 to develop 

plans and leaders for an order11 peaceful transition from segregated to integrated schools." 

'IbP. statPmE"nt said, "That this 

kind of !rl'esponsible demagoguery i!; ohviousJy designed to intfonsify thP difficulties confronting decent SOutherners who 

m..igbt otnerwise give leadership 

in the adjustment necessary for 

the desegregation whic~ is inevitable.'' 

HortDn u I d, "although a demagogue like Gov. Griffin may 

not eompn>hend the practice of 

brotherhood as a matter of 

principle, e\•en he ahouJd be able 

to understand the tremendous 

damage segregation is doing to our prestige abroad and the 

manner in which tbe Commu- . nl£ts are forging anti-American 

propaganda weapons out of the 

South's undemocratic practices. 

Horton said that attendance at 

Jbghlarl'i1t"r "WOrkshops has fn.. 

ereued u a I'Mlllt of Griffin's 

attaclL ! 

c~-~ r\LL li-;FO:i:·.1ATION CONTAINED 

L...v HERFI~~ S UNCLASSIF~IEO DATE 7 u~ rY~ 04.-

:Np-J 

. fip Oefemtr 

Folk School 

I 

I 

I 

c-..cH f'nal PrHI IM .. 'dn 

.MONTEAGLE, Tenn., Dee. :U 

-A 1 ta te m e n t peirpartediy · oigned by Mrs. Eleanor Roooe.-elt -

and others. desc~g attacks On 

the controversial tl i h l a n d e r 

Folk School as a .. mm -111- -

spiTed and Jed" institution, has 

been made public by Scllool Director Myles Horton. · 

The 1tatemeD!, doted 1ut Fri' 

day, bore the typewritten signatures of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt; 

Lloyd K. Gonison, former dean 

of tbe ·University of Wiaooosin - - Law School; Msgr. Jobn O'-

Grady, national Conference of 

Catholic Clarities, and Dr. Reinh- ; 

nold Neibuhr, Protestant ~ · -

lQiian. 

(Jommlploe &yelled 

The 1tatement attacked a publi~~ey~e~a~~ 

lion of Education which alleged 

tbe aehool during last L&bor Day 

weekend was host to .. the leadera o1. every major race incident 

in tbe South ••• " 

Gov. Marvin Griffin of Georgia was charged with "irresponsible demagoguery•• in. a 

Jtatement by Dr. N1ebuhr at Un.-

ion Theological Semin&lY. · Griffin's Commission on Edueation was aeverely criticized 

for adoptine !he "dangerous 

technique" of charging those 

who attended a seminar on "The 

llouth Thinking Ahead" at lhe 

Highlander Folk School were 

Communist ln&pired """ led. 

Fl>l'llledlaU5S_ 

'The eovernor defended the 

commission's a t t a c k on the · achooJ and Its criticism on the 

interracial meeting, saying ""'tA~ 

piCiun!s of activities and tbe 

documentation of those who IW'- i 

ticipated in the folk school speak I 

for themselves." · The statement said, u ••• We . deem it rnoraUy indefensible for ' 

any man or group to inflict upon 

s.uch institutions as Highlander 

and upon such individuals as the respe-ct~ leaders, tJoth white 

E

d Negro, who attended the 

hor Day seminar, the domqe 

n of this slanderous mate · " 

reputation and position -~eh ay result from wide dis u1

·. The statement referred a four-pqe publication now g 

cli5triooted bemiJ>c the Imprint 

Of the CeorJia Ownmleefep 

Ed....-..~, ... ,u~----

( 

0 

IU:.... ]i_iLftNOT RECOl\D~D 

199 JAN 8 1958 

--IF~ .---- ~.VC.tli'i'.GC~, "/eN-"• 

,-v~ws-ScvTA!~L.. 

~ f'V~ ~~l'i'.J' (.&' l'NI'L't.o 

/~/.;)tf'S7 

SEARMD --'""'"-<U ~LR:AUZ£D _____}\LED---

DEC 2 4 1957 

FBI - KNOXVIU.£ I 
.: ' ....... · . - .. . f~j 

,.,,, 

~-i 

.,_.. 

-

5'\,J 

' ' .. ,_. 

11."--~-~ 

• • • 

Highlander Friends Rap 

0 c~~~!!.~I~ ?."! ~aD:~~~!yl~!~o~o~the I 

Hi,hlander Fol!L..§_~ has ma~e :Rublic a statement 11trongly ·en lClzmg attacks on the institution as ... a "Communist-inspired 

and lt>d'' school. The statement, dated last Friday, bore the type· 

written flignatures of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, Lloyd·G. Garriaon,. 1 , former ·dean of the Univ~rsity of Wisconsin Law School; Msrt:. 1 

6 J..Q.b.n_Q'f?rady, Xational Confer· I ~ ___ J 

ence of Catholic Charities, and · Dr. Reinhold Neibuhr, Protestant theologian. 

The statement attacked a i ·..;::.l;caUon by the Georgia. Commission of Education in which 

it was alleged the school during 

last Labor Day weekend was host to "the leaders of every 

major race incident 1n the 

South .... " 

GfOrgia Gov. Marvin Griffin 

if'l cha.irman of the 23-member, r 

f"o'lmmis;;ion. which was formed j'1 

by the 1953. L~gislature to seek f 

::'o~~n~ of preserving seJreg•-~1 

· The seminar attacked by 

Gov. Griffin was one of a series 2 

o.f \vorkshops, each from one to I ~!x '"''ee:ts in duration. held by 

hJghlander since 1953 to d~­

vE>:or plans and leaders for an 1 o:de::ly, peaceful transition from j i 

8 e g reg a t e d to integrated 1 

,;chools.'· the three-page state· 

ment 88.'id. 

STRIFE PLOT SEEN 

T. V. Williams Jr., executive 

liE::retarJ of the Georgia com· mission, said last October a 

~;tat~ undercover agent had "in· 

filtrated" the Labor Day meet· 

ing. Williams charged that the 

meeting wa~ set up to "discuss ~ methods ar.d tactics of precipi· 

tating ra':'iaJ strife and tension." 1 Th€ commission V.·as told that 

fi nw.mbe!' o! persons acc~sed by II 

GE'org-ia Atty. Gen. Eugene Cook [ 

(![ hanng Commu":ist aym· ~ 

: . . ,..: ~i1Hations-had at- ') 

ier.ded the seminar. It charged t 

that the seminar constituted a •-communist training BChoot•• 1 c 

·- ALLINFORMAT'IbN CONTAINED 

' 

Horton :r.va.s .quo LeO. -m Ute -d 

atatement- as ·""'Mying, ~'High· p 

lander takes JldsJe and usumes p 

full responsibili[y for the dis· c cussion leaders. Highlander did 8 

not and does not welcome en· . rollment of anyone with a to-- tt 

talitarian philosophy · whether k 

from the extreme right or ex· 1:1 

treme left. ·In, these troubled 11 

times, nothing but more trouble c can come from the White. Citi· I 

zens Councils and the Commu· 

nist Party's in!iltratlon lnto 

g r o u p s earnestly eeeking a den\ocratic solution to our problem. Both are mdrally bankrupt i 

and have nothing .to offer .• _. -" 

The' statement s_aid, ~e deem 1 

tt morally indefensible for any 

men or group to inflict upon 

euch institutions as Highlander 

and upon any such indivfdualB, 

both White and Negro, who attended the Labor Day aeminar, 

the damage to reputation and 

position which may result from 

the wide distribution of tltis,: 

alanderous materal .••• : _ 1 

U.S. 'PRESTIGE' 

"Although a demagogue like ~ Govemor Griffin may not com· prebend the practice of brother- . hood as a matter of even he should be able 

atand· the tremendous 

segregation is doing to our pres· 

tige abroad and the manner in 

which the CommUnist.!!" are 

tnc anti-AMerican '::~~·:~:j~( of the South's u practicea.'' 

· Amo11g those attending . Labor Day &emina.r were Rev. Martin Luther · · cf the 

boycott: president of Hampton ~~~~~~oln::t!~~~:~;j Charles Gomillion, dean 

dents itt TUskegee, Ala., 

tute, ·-and Pro!. John Hope ll 

Fisk University. . 

-·-wmtama said in ' his 

there were also at the -.e;,;jnar] 

••representative leaders of 

Tuskegee boycott. the Tallahas· 

aee, Fla., bus incident; the 

South Carolina-NAACP school · teachers incident, the Koinonia 

interrracial far rn, ...,_Americus, 

Ga., and the Clinton, ·Tenn., 

echool incident, among a.then." 

Highlander was f9und~d 1 25 

years t.go with. the 

goal of "creating leadership 

democracy." :t{orton, native 

Savannah, Tenn .... ,•~,n~d~r·~·~d:u~;~: j: of Cumberland l 

been ita director Bince ita 

lng. 

HEREINd/S ~~~'LAS~:.riED ~ DATE ll · BY 9JK~~ r.ki=. 1 s ".:.!i - !:lOT RECORDED 

199 JAN 9 191ill 7 6JAN 9 1958 ct4P J 

~'"""' 

) 
,'f;' " 

-' . ,. ~:-. 

. ~:-~.:.': •. \ 

·' ' 

--..... 

- -

31\tlantians on the Boa . 

Of Race lnte ration Hub 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HER£1~;~ {~CLASSIFIED "~ DATE t. BY Sf?;r~~ d~ i1.-J 

IND::X£0 • 9 !"'"~ RECOF.n~D 

lS:i J~N 6 1~1L--
. _, 

::'-_'.:_._/~~' _ .. _,, ' .. ·,'_•'• . 

-.f:."t <: 

::·_ .. 

...... '.: ,' . ,·.::· ..... -~.,;.-._;., 

' ) ... -- .. __ : --~~-~::;~~~-~- _:;'_(j ~~¥:.:..J_:. ~ (:.. ~- ,;_.-.~~- ~\·~--... --.:.. . .,._'-'"· •::' 

Mr. TrtJson 

' \)~•ard~ Mr. l'ro)mont-(f!;.._ ------------------------"'T-:;r-1 lfr. Mr. Nra ~Lh~-- __ _ 

Mr. Par3 __ , 

Mr. Rose10 ___ ' 

-----~-- .,., ... 

'PeHtitning' Highlander SchGol 

Mr. Tamm __ 

Mr. Trotter __ 

Mr. Clayton_ 

Tel-e. Room_ 

Mr. Hulloman..._ 

Miss Gandy __ 

The notoriou~lgblppder lrnlk Schon' hcurity Subcommft~ becaun of his . 

atop the Cumberland Mountains at misconduct, bas releaaed a atatement , Monteagle, Ten!)., .. beaded by a man who "strongly condemlllng" attack! on High1111i"a-record Of activity In a Communist lander Folk -school u a "CommWiillt 

front organization. has added to Ita un._ training aehool." · 

~vory reputation In recent months by The statement ls lseued over elgna- 811 advocacy of forced integration upon tures whjch will add no luster to the 

the South and its use a: a meeting school's reputation. Th~y Include tho;e 

ground for Jntegrationlot figures wbo . -ot Mrs. · or Roosevelt, olog!an 

ave been leaders in the scattered racial · Reinh iebuhr, Ms~Jo 'Grad 

asturbances that have occurred. o the Na: ionaiCo er nee o a a c 

~As a result of the kind of activity It Charities, and Ll~'!. arrioon~forml!l'"' 

!Ia's promoted and the Individuals it has ~eall _ o~ t~e trmvers l"Or"W10consln . 

encouraged, Higl>lawler has gotten itself Law :scnqol. . ' 

i3iarged by the Georgia Education Com- • ' Mrs. Roosevelt. It will be remembored,~ 

mission with having held on Labor Day gave money to the left-wing Highlander •. 

if this year a "Communist training School. - Bhool." - Reinhold Niebuhr happens to be on 

the liat of Highlander's original .spon- ~ T'ne activitie• of Highlander JC'OU£ 

School have been widely publicized by 

newspaper accounts of the J;llOeting and 

by a special publication of the Georgia 

Education Ai!lloctatlon. 

Apparently e:tung e:harp!y by the at .. tention he has gotten, Myles Horton, 

director of the school and. who, Incidentally, once had to be forcefully ejected 

from a hearin1: of the Senate Internal 

~ra. . It •ould appear Mrs. Roosevelt and 

Dr. Niebuhr might be Interested In per--

fuming the school to protect themselvea • 

from the adverse Inference upon them 

for thair connections with it. 

But lnstm of tamouflaging tht dis· 

reputable ·n ture of Highlander :Folk 

!lchool, the si!'llers of the atatement _ ha~e simpl reflected upon themselve1. 

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' 

To.ion_ 

V.rdrna /,1) Mr: ~o,lmont ";/-

~ Mr.Ne~ 

· CHATTANOOGA NEWS-FREE PRESS 

Published Each Afternoon Except Sunday .. BOY McDONAW EVEBETr ALLEN 

President, Publlsher and Editor Treasurer 

NatloD&l Bepreaentatlveo - 8baunon & Aoooclates, IDe.: Cramer· & Woodward, IDe. 

Telephone AM 6-11'71 

i I p.m. to I a.m.-ctreulatlon, AM 8-01'71; EdltorW., AM 1-Sii&; Composinc iioom, .iii i-4iii 

CIRCULATION PRICES (CARRIER DELIVERED OR BY MAIL) 

week 1 uo. :1 !los. t uoa: Tear 

Dafl7 Pree Preu .... f .J~ •us .... !1~ f 1.10 UUO 'Witb sundaY Tlmu t .60 a.•o UiO 13.00 :10.00 

• • 

Pumenu 1n &4-naee tf!)r earrler-deU•ered PI.Ptin 

for penoc11 longer \ha.o Gne month abould be made 

only \o the office, 10. that proper recorda ma:r be tep\. 

. , 

MONDAY., AP~ 21, ~958 

~~· Roo~ev~l; £ciHighlander- ~ e 1ghlander Folk School at :Mont- a clique of leftwing "do-gooders11 whose 

~ .,. eagle, Tenn:;rtas earned its bad reputa. - prominent positions in. var!ous field• 

tion over a long period of years aa a have been tarnished by their misuse of 

result of ita leftwing programs, the them in this and llimilar respects. . . 

~;:~-E= Mr. Tamm --

M!". Trotter_~--­

Mr. Claytoa_ 

TeJ~. Ronm 

Mr. Hollom~;-­

Miss Gandy= 

~x 

It la not at all surprising, but 1!1. • 

Communist·front taint of Ita leadenhip noteworthy, that one of Highlander's .. 

.and the disgraceful eonduct of achool Integration workshops this year will be 

leaders .when called upon by congres. addresse by none other than Mn. 

'f.lonal committees to anuver ,jpstifled Eleanor Roos Ml'jl. Roos~ 

:questions about ita operationS. name ong as been linked With the 

I, More ! ~~cently, att~tion has been school, she having been one of its early 

;.,entered 'pj, Highlander Folk School be- contributors and sponsors. 

;eause of Ita emphasis on forcing racial Mrs. Roosevelt's participation In the 

1ntegratron and the accompanying de- Highlander Folk .School program will 

.. . _!'·) 

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I ~erloration of harmony and disruption not raise either Its reputation or hers. 

Wf good will upon .the South. It la a But eonsidering both the school's record 

gathering place for leaders In agitation and Mrs. Roosevelt's record, their new 

o! racial !!!!!lle&; When crltici,.m. arises! association will p r o b a b 1 y damage 

the ochobl has always been able to neither, aince both .alrea<l¥ have sunk 

cmm* upon at~t~ments of defense from_ 10 low. 

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•• ~· • '''f'"~D~H.Trm .. ! 1"1'\1\lTAINr::-n f 1i...;_ l1 \1 VI\IUn ll'-'11 VVi11 nii1&..LI' 

i1t.Ktli~ I~ UNCUiSSirl£0 I~ 

DATE ej (J I W BY ~~~R&~ 

~~~ v-tv l 

6 :i MA;ti-lili:O . . NV tJ..-J.l)j 

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SEARCHED _INDEXED --~ 

SER!~.l!ZED ____ JllED ....,..._....._ .. 

;J rt,t(RO I?~ 1953 - L~~~:~ 

FBI KNOXVILLE 
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CHAf!~e~?ac~~~~~!~c!jl~~!RESS ROY McDONALD . EVERETI' ALLEN tLEE ANDERSON President and Publlsber · · Treasurer · Editor 

National Rep.....,.taUveo - Shamlon " · Auoclatoo, Jne.; er '411 Wooclward, Jne. 

Telephone AM l·tnt . · 8 p.m. to I a.m.-ctrculatiOD, AM 8·0171; Editorial, Al\1 1-8446; -posblr - AK 1-1111 

CffiCULATION PRICES (CARRIER DELIVEREJ OR BY MAn.) Week 1 Me. 3 Mo~. I Ml!ll. Tear , PaJ'D'Ieb.ta tn acll!auee for earrlu-dtellnred 'P&JH!1'1 DallJ' Jl'ree Prns .... a .3& tl.&!i .4..5& t UO t18.20 tor per!Od.a lon1erlban one month ahould be made 

With aundaJ' T1mu a .&o 2.20 e.liO 13.00 :ae.oo onl:r to the cdtlee, ~~that proper reeortU m&J be tept. 

TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 1958\ 

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Na Place· for a UT Professor 

Announcement that Mrs. • Eleanor gration" was set. l'he first name On the- I Roosevelt would partic!pats in a racial list of sched~.f:l: part!c!pantl Ia '.:J!ma. _ . ht<:;::ration co~erence at the notorious fessor Frant;if1inis, UniverSity of Ten~· I U\ ~ighlander Folk :~~71. at dM:>:at;agle, ~fss~ Sc~ao ~ Sociaf"Wort:"' tror.- . , ebn., cam~ .l!_s n vnse espltf\ Tne M8.D1B . name appear~ again· on . the 

.f CDUI1flunist~frbnt taint of the school. Highlander program as a participant 

But TenneSseans , should be not only in the integration conference achecluled. I surprised l>ii't indignant to note thst a for May 2·3·4. -· 

' professor IJ'f~ the University of Tennes- The people <>f Tennessee, who havs 

; ~~· School of Social Work also !a par· great prids ill the University of Tion-

' tiCipatinr: in the Highlander integration I nessee and wl. ose •tax _money supports 

l propaganda, · the functions ~f that institution should 

. "A Calendar of Events" distributed be concerned 1o find ltl good name U· 

by Highlander Folk School shows that soc!ated with ·• pro-integration conferon March 22·23 a planning session for once anywhere-and especial!)~: _,. 'M 

i..-'11WO:kshop on Citizenship ·and Into-' disreputable llghlander Folk SchooL ----- ~--------' . . . . ·-- -------..!.__J - .:~- -_ --~·.~ _______ __; . ._! 

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~ai"tm. MNelmont-..._,11 

Mr. Mohl,!:r..,. -=-~.,.{ 

Mr. N.,....~..,..., 

Mr. Parso s __ 

Mr. Rv•• -- Mr. Tanun __ _ 

Mr. TJvtt.er __ 

Mr. ClaytoD.-

Tel~. Room __ 

Mr. HollomanM.iu Gandy __ _ 

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,A 

4-

'. SeA~rfzD -'~D£XED --·-

still ZED NED 

v vwAY 21195S 

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lBAPR24 !95G 

FBI - KNOXVILLE 

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iR@1Tander SctrooJ--j! 1 Proposal Revised 

I New ~easure ' Pro~ ides 

Funds For lnve~tigation 

Prom The tommerd&l .Appeal 

.Huhvllllt Bureau 

NASHVIlLE. Feb. 2.-Rel'l"'-

sentative Harry Lee Senter ot 

B1·islvl ::o~id Monday he expectS 

a reviSed s;esolution ca.li1Pc for an investigation of the Highlander Folk SchC()l at Monteagle 

to be introduced In the Legisla· 

ture Tuesday. 

Such a resolulton was adopted 

in both Senate and House last 

week OO:t was recalled by Sehator Barton Dement 10 tl:le state 

Attorney General could stqdy it 

and- suggest amendments. 

Mr. Senter said the revised 

resolution wil1 provide tha\ the · speaker ot each house 'fill 

e:hd"Jse members of the investigative committee and that an appropriation of between $5,000 

and $10,000 be granted to, tl· · nance the inquiry. 

In other actill'l relatlve to · Highlander, the controversial: 

school's director, Myles Horton, , 

has me.Bed a letter to the res~r 

lution's spollSQrs re-affinning 

his invitation to the lawmakers 

to visit .and investigate the in~ 

atitution. 

The letter-a eonv of which was ttent. to Gov. BUford Elling· 

ton-said Highlander'! reputa~ 

tion h3! he~n damaged by publicity gh..-en the resolution and 

called for "A decisive and unequivocal report; one that either 

;sul:.!stantiates the .eharges made 1 

'by the Attorney G•noral of Ar· 

lt,.QMQC: th~t Highlander ia su~ 

~or one- that 1 

lachOol ;_:.~~!~ee.'• '_ ~ .' I 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREH~ IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE Jfc.{811 BY fZP? ~aB 

ril-E 11 

N0T Pr ··"DlllD 

191 FEB 18 .959 

c:P'-1.\r 

THE COMMERICAt APPE 

MEMPHIS' TENNESSEE 

;J-.J-51 

SEARCHED ............... INDEXED ........... . 

SERIALIZEO ............. FILEO ............. _ 

FEB 3 -1959 

53 FEB 18 1959 ~:lJ 

[/"'\ FBI • MEMPHIS 

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i~bw~nee Edu~ators\ 'Defend Highlander 

Communism Charge Called Unfair; 

House Approves Probe Resolution 

Q~. · · "e.t-Fnlk pchool 11. dedi- facult~ ~f 8t. Andre'w• aehool f~mocrS.cy andthe charge for boys, an Episcopal high 

that. it nourishes communism La aehool, near Monteagle. 

unjustified and unfair . .15 eduea- Governor ElllD.gton ~atd the lett~ said tn a tetter to Gov. Bu- er had been received but wlthf d Ellington yesterday. eld comment at this time. His 

Fourteen of t~e group are pr«!- eactian· came as a resolution eall- asora-one retired-at the Un ~ ng for an investigation of the 

eraity of the South, Sewanee. chool was adopted by the boWie 

he 15th Ia a member of the f repre!lentativea yesterday by a 

., vote of 7• to •· It was sent to 

the senate where action may COIII.i , today. That would require R.,. 

1 pension of the rules. · ~ 

Only 2 Fight 'Prob• · I 

The resolution to l' r 0; be the1

; 

school, located tn· Grundy county,• 

I provide• for $5,000 to pay two at--1 · tomey11 to conduct the investlga•: i tlon. -It also· 'J)rovldes that th~ 1 speakers,. Instead of the li!'Overnor, · shall appoint membE!ra of the. in 

~' 

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NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN 

NaSl.ville, Tenn • 

2;.5-59 P• 5 .... -· 

I 

vesUga.Ung committee. Only floo ~pposftlon came from Ro. G...J.o- 1 /ll..: ~deW,old of Etowah and ~· ~U=" . 

.(~~7 JrU.o ..-fley Jr. of Nashville.. ' T QN CONTAINED 

\1-.\.\r }.:,1-

'./ •·w~·,. w .. t,~g ~.ooo.· ••'d ALLINFORMA I 

J Aderhold. ..This thlftt:~ will 1 a:::!~~'!i .~:! .. ~~:t.,.~·~~::: . HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED fM_": 

Bailey satd the school hu be n 1 s {p . l ate tho achool." - DATE ~ tl(t/ BYEJ?r;[) ~ 

-~estigate~ three ~m~- ··~-n~. It j, _ ,._;J (/ n .,.., 

{pf- ?b-f/ ~FA--. IEARCHED ....•..•.. , .. JND~X£0. 

IERIAUZED .• - • ..EIU!l>--~ 

66 MAR 3 ~S~ 

\NOT RECORDED . 

46MAR 2 '959 

1- r.a - !l 1959 

FBI • MEMPHIS 

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o~ms to me that all we're dol 

is spending $5,000 to prove we p riotlc: Americans.'~ 

eD. HarrY Lee Senter of Br 

I 

tol\ S.utbor Of the t'esolution, cfe--

cllred: _ "'How long 8re Wfl going to let 

I the left·wingers, the Commu· 

\ nists, the do·gooders, •nd the 

I one-worlders take over?'• The 

direct.or of the school hu of· 

1

' fered to open ,the doors of his 

dreamland to us. • ••He hilll cnallenged us to put · up cr &nut up. J'm not with• 

drawing from anything, but we will investigate his school in our own good time and •l our con· venience. Our c:entral purpose is , to root out that which Is •vii." 

I

. Voting against the resolution 

\ were Aderhold, Bailey, Rep. Gene 

· /Mci1w:ti~ Hartsville i.nd Rep. \ , FobP-~t aylor ot Naabvllle. 

i "We . ave found the splr.lt- ot , _ i Highlander to be wholeheartedly · 

1

1 dedicated to the tree tnslltutions 

ot demc.cracy,"' the educators' letl t~r to Ellington said, "and we beJlleve that Myles Hc.rton, toundet 

1 

of the school, and his director ot 

; r~~~~.!O~D .~~e d~vot~.~~-~ert~ , ~ne · tette.r to .t:anug1..on J •• :.st ned by these te&cbere at nt- : v ;;ity ot the South: 

I r. C. F. Allison, professo of 

theology; Dr. Scott Ba.tea, a.ssist-

,, 

.l'o,.· 

... ·· ~,:~~.?i~~~~~*z~;:~ff£ir~;~:Y;~~:z:_:.· 

l . ' 

~io~!Br,c;;::~jo;:s~:re~fh~~~r:t~l ~ ges; Dr. Ben F. Cameron ., 1 dU ctor of admlssJons; the R • 'Y} ford o. Cross, profeuor of t 

ol ; Dr. Robert A. Degen, aa elate profeuor of economlca; Ka.rvln E. Goodstein. associate profes- sor of economics.. , 

11 

-

Dr. James M. Grimes, head at 

the history department; Dr. WH--· ___ _ 

Uam B. Guenther, assistant profes- ~e trust that no otficial or ot-.1 sor ot the department of ebem- flctal body ot the etate- of Tenfstry; 

dean and 

D. Charles 

head of ~rrb!on, the Engllsh 

retired d~ ~see iva and would 

pernicious 

countenance notion ~ at 

partmP.pt; Eugene Jd. Kayden, re- sons who do not .,ccept ra a.l 

tired proFessor of economics, for- ae ega.tlon e.a an ideal are tb 

merly bead of the.t department: f e Communia'U. In the w ld 

Dr. Malcolm Owen, bead of the de-1 1 st ggle for the minds or men nl 

partment of biology; David E. Un- 1 manY nations around the world 

derdown, pr-ofes!lor In department communtam is usinr n.clal •egreof history and the Rev, Vesper 0. ·gaUon tn the United States u • · 

Ward, protesaor in lh• achool. ot powerful weapon aga.lnat us. What; 

theology. - ·a tragic Irony if our own efforta, 

The Rev. Donald E. Chapman, to combat communism .should au~, 

to~e member ot the St. Andrew .. '. s press freedom and democracy at\· sc ol faculty who Bigned the jt- I home whtle •l m U 1t ~ n e 0 U 11 J 

ter • · ' strengthening commumsm abroad! 

Te of Lttter to Governor ' · That 111 where the r_.eal atruggle ~ 

e letter to Ellington follow~ going on. ~ . ... _ . 4 ' ver a period of years We r 1- •rwe realize that some 'WhO ha.ve 

den_ta: of Sewanee have on numer- no fir.st band acquaintance with oua occasions visited the High- Highlander may questlo~ what we , lander Folk 1!1Cbool. Our vlsll.!l have have nid about 1l Th1s Is espelncluded aemtnars as well a. ad-- claUy likely during lftla time of 

dresses and informal ebata. M a uncertainty tn world atfatrs when 

result we J:ttlieve that we know the , social pressure toward conformity 

character ot the acllool and_ th~ t:a great. It adda to our belief that· 

people who run lt. We should like tt ts ()Ur restton.sibility to share our 

io share our tmpreasions and opin- oMervaUons with "tber; ln~!! Ions with you, in view ot the tm- ~tter. _ pending legislative fnv.e:stigatJoa ••A• the eblet uecutlve of n- of Highlander. , uee you DlU!It surely welc e · •"The heart of the proposed in· lm atatements trom all r n- ve1tig8tion appear• to be an al· Je clttnns. Since thiB ts a P blegation by some that Highlande_r matter we feel free ~ ad~a engages in "aubveraive ac:tlvl· you with an open letter. 

tjea," ,pecifically that it propa· 

gates the Communiat Ideology 

and put. tnat ideolo,ay into prac.- tical application in Tennessee 

and other state•. It I• our con- viction that this charge l1 "n· 

lustified and unfai~ On th• con· tr.;~y .. we have found th• epirit, 

' of Highlander to be wholeheart• 

edly dedicated to the free insti• 

tutions of democracy, and we be~ 

t

vo that Myleo Horton ond ~·· rector of education are devot • Americlin ~ala. The atiWo ere of the lthool I• l"lllax 

d op•n with tomplt:te fraedo 

opinion and with no .,, line' eithtr ov~t: !Ubtla. 

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·-------- d· Charges Piled U piftld Highlander Inquiry 

But Star Witness Is Dead Now And 

No Action Trailed Senate Probe 

By \IIILTON BR!TrJI:N, The 1'1'811-Bcimitar 1lure<>t< 

I

. WASHINGTON.-If dead men could talk, five· 

man investigating committee of the Tennessee ue:I[IB· 1 

lature wol!!d probably ineist on looking up one Crou~h. a self-confessed, Moscow-trained former 

( 

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'l'ele. Room 

Mr. Hcllom.a-;:: 

llfiss G&lld:r_ 

PRESS-~CIMITt 

.sc~~001 11 MEMPHIS, TENNEf'.SEE 

'l..- .) - .P''i 

/):~ ! 4fu~tivv-VA~j 

.'j?~~/~ 

: -M~.-6/-?5// 

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NOTRF.:CORDED 

46MAR 2 1959 

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iGroup Named lander and give• u;. committ.e/rndustry" will be the iJ,•m• ilf', • lull authority to subpena wit·lthe program. J 1 For Jnqulry nesses and records.. . . . . . ... . , Committee members are in~ 

I I t S h l

; structed by the resolution to re-

!vMmnte-eo~~~~~ c __ QQ_~~~~ r!r~ :;:~:~:!.this aer~ INuhYl!Je Burnu Myles Horton, director otfl 

I 'l\' A o;:::HVTI .• LE, Feb. 12. - A lEast Tennessee institution, sl 

1

1eps:atl'.'e inve~tigating com· d~ied the school is a "finis I il"'l"ltti."e was appomted Thursdays ool for communism" and 

I sh~r-t!y after the Governor c res he welcomes the inve ·• signed a resoluti~alling for g tion. __ ... --.. - an inquiry in the J;firblmsllr · · 1': t Monteagle, ="'-/.~ )~IV F 

1

1 

J Rre 

!e.mb•:s 

SeP."ttors 

of 

La\vrence 

the committee 

Hughes 

it' ;I~~ 

o~ ~~Hn,gton_and Barton Dement )~ ,,_ .... , l• l;:•:!:>ooro and Represen~ 

l

;:atives J. Alan Hanover of Mem~ 

phis, Harry Lee Senter of 

--·~-·.·:: .E!d Carter Patten of 

lChattilnooga. 

1 J\1 r Hanover said com mid ~ , ... ~. s w1U meet Monday I 

p l"""l, 

Tne rf'·solution has been eo t -. ers: :.1. It points to alleg 

~ _':vf'r"'!Ve activities at Hig 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~l:ls ~:LASS!FIED ~,\ DATE ~ BYQ'PfM ~ ~'H ~ 

J~ 'J~ 

52 MAR 9 1959 

.-

.L' 

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THE COMMERICAL APPEAL 

MEMPHIS~ TENNESSEE 

SEARCHEO ............... INDEXED ........... .. 

SERIAUZED ............. FIL£0 ................. . 

FEB 1 3 1959 
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-()·--·-- t T.· H.. d lfin7shtn;~hool f~~ oommunlsm.\~ce H~ghes 'ot Arlington. consid.,.b,g·:;;.;;-~ ..... 

1 

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~men 0 ea Myles Horton, director of High-, ~e comnu.ttee went into ex- lawyer but have not talked with \Ill I lander has vigorously denied ecutive sessiOn shortly after hfm about accepting tbe ~- . ' Mr. Patten's election. Members tion. Under provisions of e H

• hi d u •t ~ ~d says he welcomes the said afterward they discussed resolution, the committee II) lg an er nl mvestigation. securing the services of an at- spend up to $5,000 for any -

Patten Ill Secretary torney as special counsel to the penses jt ineurs . 

. , --- Representative Cartter Patten committee. Members &aid they have 

L · I !' G T H 're of Chattanooga was appointed ~ Dement__s"!d ~~et decided whether to conduct, . egiS a lYe roup 0 I ~secretary of 1he committee. Th - - - ------ --·- . 1 

Attorney For Inquiry oilier member is Senator Law- t' lnvesdere . I h .,..,_ ~. . - · e e th &auvu n or )sc ool. .u~ey have full pOw: I ~~ 

FIRST SESSION IS HELD - -- wheili.- ey wiU viait_ the subpe_?~ _witn~~- an~ ,.. __ ~/ ---- 7~ Tht- Coamze-n:l&l .tppeal - :NUtiVIUe l!urnu 

NASHVILLE, Feb. 16.-Sen- • atC'Ir Bartnn Df'ment was named 1 

· chairman Monday of a legisla- · - tiveo committee that wi1J,11vestigate operR.tions of thM-1:~ 

la:nder E~olk School at ""'lTolJtdgte. 

'The- Murfreesboro attorney 

l''"'ue--=u. w perform his duties 

"fairly and fearlessly" and said 

the five-man committee will 

. keep itself "in the bounds of 

the law and the resolution." 

f · Opinion On DuraUob 

Senate~· Dement, at the first 

~ ~;~f'\i'1~ cf the committee, pn> 

: due<>~ an opi~i.~~ of state Solici-1 .... a., .M.Ia.,;on Humphreys. 

.. that the irivestigative groupf 

must ~omp!ete its inquiry dur- 1 ~~;:!~lative ses- •

1 

•

... f.i01'· 

Tl-:~~ is necessary, Mr. Hum- _~.-;, ._. ~ .;;aid. tee a use the func- 1 ~ -r:~ r' -1. ccl'I'!mittee created by 1 

l ~~c·n•ticJ:-', cctnnot extend beyondi : _, .. :~-~nt of the General I 

J,,,.. . .,..,;.Jy. 

~', r ·n "'ntative Harry ,Lee 

;.,PntC:: of Brigtol, a committee 

r:lert:b(':- and one of the spon- ·-·•t ( . · l:,,. re-7>olution, expres~ed 

r.·V1P (·ont::~m over the official 1 

~ -'i'··· .. G.l I 

:' The resolution, he com· ! ment(>1, ~·alls for the commit-! 

:: teP. 1o m1.ke an interim report) ~--tv t."''e Legislature with the · 4•-,.. 'C'" j·-. ~'·;-~ that the inves- 1 tL,&l:c: ;r::1y n.:cd to be conti•HF·r! aftp, +he General As-. 

s-cr:--i:;Jv act1ourns in March. 

::;r,· ~·umnjttee member, ,., .. ~ .. _..,,~.,·-~i·,•fC' .L Alan Han· 

"~ .•lP.mphis, said that if , , '· , .... , .Jjer mvestigation 

·:i '1e r.e.:essary after adjoum· 

., ·. · !Tlnnt. the Legislature couldj- ~.r'- n law to permit it. ~ .:._ --~;n:er has been label i 

b) ;'01n~ legislators as e 

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,-~""-1~ of subversive activi · s .:; lind ha5 even been called a 1 . ,;. 

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t; 1 _"I~ 11 - /r I NOTRECOROI:D 

141 MAR 11 1959 

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Sc-hool1 Charter 

Center Of Ftr~· : 

By GARRY FULLER-TON achOol'a l•bor .· organizing •· activ1- - Staff Correspondent tie1 in 1hl earl,y 1930s and ill t . cla11e1 on lnteQraf.ion .probl&ml TRACY CITY, Tenn.-The joint during recent ,. .. ra. ' 

Wislative committee investigating However, one o! the most afg. 

t!ighlandrr _Fol!s::'Sbnpl showed lity niticant. disclosures c a.m e when 

ifs q?,· ·St.ion.s at a public hearlnf Mrs. V 1 o I e t Crutchfield, Grundy, . k county registrar of deeds, testi·' hl!re l:'sterQay 1t wants to revo e ried that the scbooi'I charter bas· 

the school's charter. -·not been registered In Grundy~ 

Testimony during the day-long county as required by law. • 

centered around' the Other Testimony ~ 

+ + + Through the testimony ot •ome _! 

16 witnesses, the committee also 

attempted to tlbow that: r 

e The .chool ts not a bOna tlde; 

educational lnsUtllUcm. 

e It hu not fulfilled the purposes 

tor which ita charter was luued. 

e Part of its tax free property was deeded two years ago to 14ltl&a. 

Horton, one of the acbool'a fOuiiif. : e~d it. director. 

Horton told a reporter tn an interview later the property 9l8.8 

transferred to him ln Ueu o~k wages which the school owe him. 

He said he hu ~en payin 11 

on..,t ' OQC Aug. 1, 1957, d e of 

tbe transfer. He said the pr rty 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

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Nashville Tennessean 

Nashville, Tenn. 

l 2-27-59 p. l 

61-34, 

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l -lnerude; the house .In wblch 

!ivu ar.d a ~Emall piece of land rou ng tt. - Rev tion of the f!lcboo!'ll , ter wo mean ·the 

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would ha to pay state and 

ty taxe!5 on e.ll tta property .

1 1e .now tax exempt. _,-vJ.. N 

Sehool Defert_(ted ---· 

' 

l.:lise ~UIItus, a wrttw 

child~bOoks and Sunday 

lesson!'!, d~fended the acrhool 

mo:;t an hour and a hal!' of 

mony yesterday afternoon. 

Justue, ;who ie eecretary-tre11surer 

of the Highlander board of llirect~~[~~t!:'~ ~~:.: ~~a1 l ha.i l

munity tn which Jt is 

Th~ testhnony of 

........... -"'·t:d the long 

nuses from 

told the c01nrrliiiee~ the 

eagle 

! and casually I books in the library. 

! "ThPre's ~ome hot &tuff 

; -~..:. •. ..! 1-tcp. Ha:-ry Lee SentD.r I

B!:'!Stol. 

''Aw. it'a nothing you can't 

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: 1 l!l.lmoet e.ny ' 

)Barton Dernent of M:'urifreesi>Ot'o,i 

! committee chairman. 

) Teilt af &trike 

I Firat to be called wu Thomu, 59, an employe G~ndy '-'ounty highway 

mf!nt. :He tutified that 

lbpJped organl.te the 11trike ~workets 1n the eounty in [SO!~ He &aid tt wa.a a. I str:ke. 

I Asked if Horton 

anything to the 

:"He told ua we'd get 

r· 

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occasionally visited 

which he ran tor •even the achool. He said 

the habit of 

• asked Miaa -Ju1tu1 If 

in ?act. violated her · u a trustee of the 

giving away ita 

property to an individual. She 

replied that the· house and the 

land are still being uted for 

activiti .. of the Folk school and 

that she was confident they 

would continue to ba ao u11d in 

the future. 

"But you have no assuranc~ of 

do you'?" Septer asked. "You 

ho mora &IJIUrance of that 

or wa1, at 

hlm before 

denied thl tndtgnanUy. He 

had Miss .Justus identify 

t,a.k-6n at the •ehOpl 

whltea 

i ditiontt. and better pay." He "''"''"'·-.em••" 

that the atl'ike had re.auJted her: , 

Then lfe 

b~>t<~>!' conditions. you approve of colored 1lt;td 

"Our big cDmplaint waa that da.ncing together'?" 

the job euperintendent waa a aee nothlnl' Immoral about 

etave driver,'' he said. "We didn't ~ik~ ~im and ...... got shed of h'lm 

and got a llttli r:1;c In we.;~ 

teo." '· "T"._ .. .....,,. -~"' 'H:arry 

.O!Jlf't' witn(!Y, abO &aid -OlllJ<!r!'~ 1 en r:olort-d and whllt _, Iritng together 1D 

e.t ~ hlander. 

The .xt witneall, CArl 

tnU!Jed · that people from .... _ ..... _ ... 

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".,.wr ~"'Til'·· ~~·l t ~-- -- - -- 1" -~- " " Jf' utJ ,;· -~- -~ z;;: ff$· ~- ~'o""~ -"71~--~- l< , ..... ,}·:,.·, :· AlP ,.,, .... , . t'11. ; . . .~. •· ., st--.V - -"If--~ ~ ..._.. ··- ~ -· ----·~- ------- ---

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Wilford ~osa. praleasor C~~f Alfred Duncan Ofillmmerfield, a ChrMi·n-· Several other a. eoll!!tructlon forema.n: Clarence E. wanee profes!!Orl auhmltted. .tate- Kilgore, a postmaster at Montmente to the committee with the eagle: Roy Lane of Summertield,

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understanding they would be call- a former mine worker; Grundy e~ to testify under oath later, U County Sheriff 'Elaton Clay; :Ru1

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tSe committee requires it. dolph Brown of Coalmont, ab !n .. 

_ , Among them were '&,ygep.e ~- 11peetor for· the 1tate highway d•l ~ayde_n, reitred profe_s_sor-of'"i:co- partment; Henry Dyer of Summer-I_ 

f\ ~~es at ---Sewanet': who ts a field, a latJorer; Ford Cox. &lao &t 

, 1 trustee ... Cl!. the Hlghlf.nder Folk Summerfield laborer, an4 W. T.l ~· acho-oT. In his atatement he 1ald Barnes •of Monteacle, a former j~) / tRtt-'as a profeulonal economi!!!t, lieutenant ot the Waahin&ton, D.C., 

/ as a citizen, I have bt~:nefitted from police Ioree -"1 

meeting men of both races from The ses.tlon be_a-ah at 10 a.m. tn 

various walks of life, including the auditorium ·or the Grundy 

college teacher!, colle~e deans and County high Jehool and continued 

president!! of the Negro race, until 5:30 ."J).tn. ,.._.ith an hout·'s 

", "I have benefited from meeting break for lunch. McCartt did most 

:educators and government of!iclals of the quea-Uoninl' but &11 the com- from countries o! Western Europe, mlttee members. - · . - Asia. and Afriea directed to High- About 100 persons were ,pruent 

lander by the U.S. Department of during the morning 1e111ion .and 

State," he aaid. about 200 for lno1t o! the after--

"! can teati!y to their ur!oui- noon •esalon. The audience blcludneu, their good will, their 1ense ed a tubstantial number of .tuof _t"air play and toleration, goC?j1 dent.a and faculty membera from 

hUmor, their readin~aa and abtltty the University of the South u __ to take a broad view of l:ubjecta, well as Interested Grundy covnty · Including the prpblem of 1chool tn- realdent.l and o!!ieiala. -. ' 

tegration." · 

Attends WorkshopS 

Kayden said he had attended 

nearly 30 workshops at Highlander 

and it I!!! in thel!le groUp!'! that "men 

learn th£> difficult art of calm d• 

liberation in an atmosplit~:re favorable to conference work, understanding. which leads to frlend1hip 

and reconciliation." 

Highlander haa "no apacial 

creed, no program of whole .. le 

reform" and "no political affiliation, riSiht or left," he aaid. 

"It Is aimply a matting place for 

adults of both raeea on such aubJacta, aa education, cltizanahlp, 

health, eocial ltrvlcee, commu .. nity welfare" and the achool'a 

procedures ara "dam·ocratlc and 

constitutional.'" , 

Other s~wanee professors whO 

•'lbmltted etatemenb were }lober: 

~~"-11• H. Malco1tt-.ow$D,"'!'tftt.-

tc'froi0Ruck and ,Sc~,._.._ 

'tW"he"i wltne&sNC ti'faftYe~~terday were L. C. Goodman of Pelham, 

nnn., a public accounta.nt; !tob\rt 

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~earings Close ·~ On Folk School c~~~ : 

.Legislators Will Report On! 

Highlander Findings ) 

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DIRECTOIR IS WITNESS I 

By RICHARD ALLIN Staf! Writer 

N~VILLE, March 5.-Fate I 

<JI the'!fighlander Folk School at 1 

Montf!!&glE! re~ts With a legisla· j 

tive investigating c:ommittee 1 

which ended ita final hearinl 

Thursday morning. _ ~ Th! committee, appointed to 1 determine- whether aubversive c 

activities are carried on at the 1 

school, wiH give its reportjd I. 

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recommendation to the atto Y , 

gl"n~r81 tly Tt.u~sday. ) 

/ Founder only Wltnesa 1 The nnly witness Thura Y ..., as .Myks Horton, founder and 

director of the school who wu closely questione-d about the 

school's finances and its teachin~ activities. 

Representative Alan Hanover 

of Memphis, who q_uestioMd Mr. 

Horton of monetary matte-rs, 

expressed dissatisfaction with 

Mr. Horton's answers. Mr. Horton said the bulk of 

cpe1·ating funds were placed 1n 

the Bank of Sewanee, the nearest bank to the school, and that 

he "thought" there wert only 

tY.'O other depositories for the . sohool'a tunds, both C&ll!omla · bank!. 

''Are 1hos~ the only thl"ee 

banks where you have money?" 

1 ~ked committee counSel J. H. 

McCartt. 

"! don't know tight oil," Mr. 

Horton eald. "Wt write checks 

"" lv ~'~" Cittu•ftn~~ bank. The 

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others are savings and Joan~' "How many other deposito 'es 

do you have, Mr. Horton! 't 

you know'!' Do you have so It) y 

· depositories you don't know?" 

_...,.,..&"!•b Rate ot J.nlerft• 

. Unable to get an aniWEf dh 

satisfied the committee, Mr. Me· 

Cartt asked: "What rate of Interest do you ret in Ce.lifomfa ?'~ 

"W • get about four and a hall 

per eent,'• Mr. Horton replied. 

"Don't you know exactly, Mr. 

Horton?'' 

· "No, we put It In California 

l?,_.c_ause we got the highest rate 

cf tnterest there." He said hfo 

had done ao on the ~dvtc~ of his 

~udltors. 

. Later Representative Hanover 

laid: "He has taken in hun- . 

t!J-M.s of thousands of dollan l' ~nd the !Statements he has made 

ere haven't told us anything." · Mr. Horton promised to pro- : vide the committee with a com- . 

plete audit report of the sch~ finances. He said he did t , 

have enough notification ahe 

Of time to prepare the ti 1 

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the committee wanted. . Mr. Htmover pursued questioning of the school's programs · 

- h\ relation to its finance&. He · noted large expenditures for : 

travel expenses, but only about 1 

$1,000 put into the Jehool'l 

librtry. 

. ause• Ia U58 

"'How many classes have you 

had at Highlander since Jan. 1, 

1959?" Mr. Hanover asked. 

"None. It's all been In the liold 

.:._in the Sea Island~ ot South 

Carolina,'' Mr. Horton said. 

The school is conducting Uter-

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acy elasi\es .among Negroes in 

South Carolina so they can v.ote, 

the diredor said. The achaol 

haS no extension program& elaewh....,,. ___ ~::::--

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE Jjf /8<1 BY cW ref}) c6J 

,?<liT< 

THE COHMERIC 

MEMPHIS, 

3-~-

APPEA 

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I NOT ~![CCI'""" .. 

117 MAR 16 ,359 

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MAR 6-1959 

fll • MEMPHIS 

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,'A Diffet·en(;:e W_hich ~-) ___ · 

; Should Be Noted [ 

, . DIFFERENCES have arisen be- l 

tween the chairman and vice 

chairman of the legisl(fi,:e commit- . tee which investigated Highlander &lk school. ·! 

Rep. Harry Lee Senter, v{ce / 

chairman and house author of the ' 

probe resolution, accuses Sen. Barton Dement, chairman and senate 

sponsor, of refusing to convene • 

meeting to draft a final report. 

Senator Dement counters by say. · ing "He's just trying to make state-

' ments to get in the limeligpt . , ... ' . r We do not know whether Mr. 

Dement inadvertently has hit upon 

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i.~.f~ 

I ltf~ be'Loac 

Mr. McGuire __ 

· ·Mr. Mohr------ J!? Mr. Panone ... 

(/\(:'It Mr. Ros"T> -----

uy Mr. Tamm ----

Mr. 'fl·'tt,·r ---

Mr. "- ··: .. ~ul1ivan 

Tole. Room --- Mr. Holloman_ 

Misa Gandy_ 

one of the chief motives behind the 

investigatioJ>. although suspecting· 

a. much. But one thin!!' is clearly 

; demonstraterl by this littte spat. 

' Human beings do· not a)ways think 

' alike. · 

I· · And that, it is obvious, is the · No. 1 reason ·the committee i• de- · mandin~t that the folk school. sur-

: render its state charter. Member• 

' of the legishture should remember 

~51/v'l'-i.-if 1 /21'/N.J:H'J:ii-t>l 

:?- /(-5'1- /l/6.f/u'tll~ Ten, 

p. lo 

' the Dement-Senter difference of 

· 

bu; 

o!iori, 

n 'the'charter 

then. before 

of an 

they institution vote to ! 

wt ich does not think like this disp ing pair.· ·. 1,_ --- . . . . 

· · · INFORMPITION CON1f\INED 

n .. L SS'c-lt:O HEREIN IS UNCLf\ :• !;. I® 

'. OAT~ Jj u I [4 BY Sf'~/fJj 

6 2 MAR 20 1959 

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Highlander School's Influence Fe~ 1 

Among Charleston County Negroes 

Adult education and classes in ' V!>te will not provide the best kind 

citizenship are· terms that have a • of government· !or either race. 

' solid sound. Proper training among They will set up racial antagO- _ 

Negroes· of the Lowcountry sea nisms that will hurt both races. In 

Islands could. iinprove their lot . the long run, however, it is the Neand give them a broader role in · gro who .will suffer most from ra· 

community life. ci<!l discord. • 

The question, as we see it, is not Our reinarks today are general 1 

whether these colored citizens, as in t w ar not dir ting h.-11 Wt:ll ~ 

....... -~· .... n. .. .,.p ,;t;.,one e:'hnnlrl tnLe-nm--~ ura_.,e. ~~:.u. .,y:u-'lrins ~nu~ hie «U:.J u ... ut:<.a ~.,...,...,u~, ......... -...... • ~.. .,. _.. _ 

learn more about the· world and · Johrt's Island training classes. We I 

the ideas: of our times. The· ques· do· not know exactly what is taught 

tion is what they are being taught., in those classes. - .. . t 

A local news article appearing in . We do k!lQw where Esau Jenkins [ 

The News and Courier yesterday re<;fiyed his training. U was from 

quoted Esau Jenkins of J_ohn's Is' th~ighlander Folk School, an in· 

land on classes that he has organ· terracial institution at Monteagle, 

!zed for Negroes in his vicinity· ' Tenn. A committee of the Tennes· 

"We only want to make them see legislature found considerable 

better citizens," J,enkins told a re- circumstantial evidence that High· 

ncrter. "The main thing is to teach lander Folk School has been "a 

them voting. We want them to un· meetin-g place !or known commu· 

derstand how to v<>te intelligent· nists or fellow travelers." 

l' ." . " Whether or not communism is The News and Courier heartily endorses the aim of making better proved, the influence of Highlander 

citizens. If these citizens are to Folk School on LowcounP-y South 

Vfr!e, they should know how to vote . C a r o 1 i n a has been established 

intelligently. through Esau Jenkins and others. I 

Our notion of intelligent voting is On every hand, we hear warn· 

independent and thoughtful choice ings about the possibility that comamong issues and candidates. In- 'munists may take over the dark· I 

telligent v-oting · does not inclUde skinned people of the world. Red 

bloc V!>tillg: Anyone who ·teaches· · China already is communist. Mri· 

.i\ cgro voters to become bloc con-. ca is in turmoil. So is the Middle 

,cious at the ballot box does his East. 

r.'·<:i': I!D injustice. Voters of any. White civilization, which brought 

rc ce should consider the welfare: order and prosperity to undevel· 

-' ~~e commUIIity and general oped lands, is. in peril. If white 

progress. people escape communist slavery, 

Should a Negro bloc vote develop they .may become amalgamated 

In 'the South, as happene~ in some through mix~ of the racial 

parts _of the North, white Southern strains. ..... __ 

politicians would seek it. 'The kind , As Esau Jenkins said of integra· 

. of politicians who cour't the Negro tion, "It's a revolution." t • 

~-· .. ' 

Mr. 

Mr. 

Mr. ach. ~ 

Mr. M:cGu!re __ 

Mr. Mohr __ 

Mr. Parsons __ _ 

Mr. Ro.E'"h __ 

Mr. Tamrn __ _ 

Mr. TrottH __ 

Mr. ·w.c.~ullivan 

Tele. Room ___ _ 

.Mr. Holloman_ 

Mios Gandy __ 

'l'HE: NEWS & cc··,~•rr 

Charlesto!'l, s. 

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ua ted .. ::::: ..... :r.:::.::::J .. !. .......... . 

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Mr. 

Mr. P11rSt1n Mohri;

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.... . ..,..._ Mr. Rost> . 1 

m:t"t;;P~tnfoft.!l!! .. !l!!l;fl£~~~to~ :;: ~:::':tor ~= ttlee" at lhe )fontea-"• Tenn., utd.'"Jn aid" of tb.e~ propel" autho Mr w c Sulliva

a.dult e4u.c&Uon itPiUtatlom turn. ed Ues and law. en.forcemeut &J"enc.l T 1

· R. · I l u~ no concrete evt4ence of ~b-- of the at:&te who may deem, e e. oom _____ _ 'I I 1 .. n.._,. I VtrliOD In lt.a rt'P~ the buil of the evidence herfl M.r~ Holloman._ 

, v v .,, 1er at eoma alleged 1iiiif and, l't.tt!g!.tlon or oUaer action l1 nec.- .IHIVf\rTIVf\n11 LIK~ JP.V,P.~~ 1\ did, how•v~r, pot~t tto fin· fore preaented, that a further I Miss Gandy. __ 

finenela.l lrregularit\ea which It euary." ../ · ICh f I l 1\ eaid are ground• fu • eult to Not &urpri .. d I~=====:::: 

I ar er S ega ' .. ~ NVOkl High1ander'f charter al • Botton 118-ld he W1J ~ot IUt'-~ ~ tax ... xempt ln•titut on. pri•ed, ..Dt -40Une,"- that tltt com· 

The report wu adopted by mitt. ta1'11e4 up ao ..Uenee of. 

"'" rout!nt vole• vote \fL. both __ h~~ suhvaj'licm at tb.e Kltool. • ', 

Highlander Diredor .,.4lf U.o ici•loturo yutordoy. a ... ~ ~ · 1 Wlob dlq Dad·· \: ,ihe eom-mttt.n'• t-o aena.t.ort. Ba.r- _ OWft_~·- , ·- ___ ·-- ____ ,. 

Fee Is Courts Will ~\.::. , , tea :Dott1e11t of llurlrooo'boro, ll>• tate4 tt torlbrl,rbUy o.nd ~learly • ~- AaJ.rmaD. -.._a Lawreae• 'f.l n their nport."' h• ila14., .. ~ Ktll Probers Attack ''!." . Huah .. of l!lbtlby CC>~Jnty, lftlro- . "O•I•• •••k ~· wh.t I utd •'-~ ~·uoecl a rwolution 4lreettnc-.. Dt.t. when th\e 1nvestlgetion began. t 

jay GARRY FULLERTON' ; J r.Att-y. Oe::. A!bert F. ~lM-n itt be- thJ"k Jt Ia not 1,1nru•o_nebla fer , ~ , ~ , gin-the ault to revoke the charter.\ me to ln•i•t on' a deelaiv• ,.nd ~ Milt:() ..dorton,_ u.ecutive d1rec~· 'A eimila.r re.olutlon will be tntro- unee~uivocal report. tf tM 

tor oM-lighlander lk hoot,•' i duced toda._t Ill the bouse. charge-a rd. au .. "e"'•" ••"• · said yesterday b~ feels "tul y c:on~. ·' Other commtttee m • m b • r a prov•ftt tht" the cloo ... •f tht 

ttde t" the courts will - h ld! were Reps. Harry Lee Senter of ~hoot •uaht to M ol .. ed. ·If ~ 

1 . n ; _ _ up 0 ; ~r11tol, Cartter Patten o-f Chat. i:hty were -~ot, theft the ruMo,.. 1Hlghlander s charter. unooga, an_d J. A!;n H:ncv:r D1 · 

Horton's sta.temtnt tonowed l'e~ Memphl1. J. H. McCartt. dictrict sh!Kiid M end.eci. ilni• inil' ~~ Ie:u-e of the report o! the JeglaJa~ attorney aaneral of the '1tth ju· all, I think th.t Commftt" ewu · liv~ ceymm!ttee whlc:h jnveatiga.ted dieial district. HI"YH 11 fle ape. nllthht.l leu ,. the p:eopl• •f ,. tbe school. The report reco.m-' -.ial coun•1.. .. Tenn• .. ..,• • · 

:r.c~ded tl:s.t thi! general usembly. A. reported ln THZ NASHVILLE Legd opinion h4!te ap})e&t-e4 un- ------==------!' :Z~KAN Monday, tb~ t'eport certain yuterdliy whether m"ebt 

e Su editorial "A Difference - o! a CP~ could be ma.de out for 

Wh•r:rt 5 k o u 1 d 8• Noted," -cb&rter oa two ma.ln .-round~: ter, I 9aae1a ,. . 

a.rp4 revocation of Hil'hlander'l~ revoea.tion ot Bi&hl&nd•r'a eha~ 

instruct the distrlct e.ttornet" g 

erai o! the :18th judicial circutt 

b{'gin a sua for revocation o! tJe 

l That 'ita eb.arler It recorded ln "I think Pley might be rlgbt .Dn 

that," •aid one lawye-r, when aaked. 

li'entre .. county and not In about the charter registration re.- Grund-r county, when ita ''ptin- qulrementa. He pointed out that 1t ( 

achool'5 t'harter. - · • :~pla;e~:!~e~~;~eo&f~~·e •,_:~~:::!' ~-~wa: ~~;J~b~n te~~~i~~! ~~:t~~~n. \ .. , am p1eaud that thi• invu- a nted the ebarter recently to 

tigation of ·the sc:hool i1 m-oving. eo annotai;td. _ corded in Grundy county, lt h 

into the. c.ourtroom.'" Horton 2 at ln A.uguat. 1951, the bO&rdt en refused by the regiatn:r f 

said, .. There we can dlseu11 it directora ot' the achool deed-: ~d,s on tn11tr?ctl~rut from thel - ~•lmly, wit.l.;~ut l')y:t!r!!;. Th•r• ' ~'"' _ •---- __ ,... 1,.. .. , -¥ ...... ,. , t ~s tlve invut1gatmg committee. rul~• of' evidence apply, the ,.u. • ••"•D ,..., ............. - --- =:e ... ool ~~ echoot itself ~;an introduce evi· property to .Mylea Harton, U.1 esdtnce and witn•••••· and we can ~: ec:u.tive director, an alJeced vlalll~ .· eros• examine tho•• who appear tion ot •ecUon 4&-1108 of tbt eo4e 

against ua. Under euch tircum~ and af the IChOOl'l O'Wll eharler. 

•bnces, I h•ve no doubt wh•t~ 

•ver that Hiph1and;r•; -:h:Mer . 'Cireum1bntlal Evidence.. ~ 

'But Highlander will conUnue in 1-f..page, lega.l~1lze report wu de~ #;tSr/t/ IJJ,...-e- Tt=NN 

"one forrn or another,'' regardless ~ voted to ".ubve:rw.lve acUvtttea" at bt what happens to Itt eba.rter, be 

will b• upheld." 1 Only . a page and o. bo.lf of ll>tl 

added. ~ the echoot. It ea.ld there ~ a. "great 

"Hig-hlander \s an educational - dea.J of eireum•t.a.nflal 11vldence" 

{~ea,;~~~e :·~~~~an:oldrua:e!f~!·~~l" I: .. ;!:e~!;c;tat!a~o;!~!!!::ls!:l stopping teachin~r the ldeas I hav~ 

be~n teaching for the past 25' or teUow~trave-l~n.'' It alao. point· 

yc:ar!l, and r wm continue to ))re- ,a aut tha.t a numbel' af lndlvtd1

, eent thern in a way that may dte- ua.ls, .connected one way or an- tu)J'b tho!!lu who mlsund+tand other with HlJh\a.nder, had been 

l

dtocratle N Contrete proeeues.•• Ewidence ~ ~·1 ·; 1, f.~~!::-~~e~~;::.~ ~ "' o;!&~~J::.~r· • 

l t" r. ed 1 1· Atnong those lt•ted were Jam• e c:omm j..->.e'-, orrn ° nve Dombrowakt, •Abner W. Be r r 'J, tigaie a.l1ege~verslve acttv , Martin Luther King, .Donald L. 

{C6ntinued on Page 2, CoJ.,mn 1) : Wut, -John B. Thompson, Aubrey 

! Willlame and ''Pete Seiger" (pro~l 

ably Pete Seeger, the iolk iliig-er). 

7) 

6 0 MAR 231959 

The r•port did not mentlo" 

Horton's own denial u"det" .. th 

that elthel"' h'e Of' Highlander w•• 

oullty of any klnd of aubve'l"~· n. ~ut c.oncluded by atatingt •y r . camm1ttt• fe•la that It l• ot · 

wtthln Ill prOvince • :. t• m • • finding of.fact" (with ree ct 

'.-, .- ......... ~_, -~,~~~""-·-;"'"7-~ to l .. 

th• }.. •. al&tged 

....... .,_ 

subvereiY• ........... ,. e~: "'· 

--- ---- .. -.... ;,· - ., .•. .._.. ... .,..~~:-"-"":"''T.'(<\-.~-·.,.;.~, ..• __ ·' .>,·: .... _-.:=:r-r:""'.::-

1 

(/t lj 

r r 
' ~-·-·._._/~ 

.''-

I':"'""·;;, th o0-1 C harte~ 

iepeal Sought 

Highlander Report Will Urge · -' 

~·1* : .... :! for Revocation on 4 Char~~s ,;; By JAMES TALLEY •Any court action, howeva"r 

.... ....... A epecial l.a;islative eommlttee would be lni~latad. by the Grun: 

...... inv~ga.tingV'HighJander 701 k dy county d 1 1 t r 1 e t attornej," --,T-' r_ . , ------- Re~t. Harry Lee Senter of Iris- ... ~..:h l "'111 recommend tomorrow tol taid in en Interview IBit 

th<:~.tj the school's chatter be reo- night. 

~·...: . ~ vokflil a member of \be group "A copy of the reeommencla: ~ ..... ~· ~~n,_,, 1., "" l<>c~ nlg~t. · ' tion will be forwarded to hlm," Senter- said. . 

.. 

~~ . .... - ...... 

~4j ~~ ., , .l 

~}Jn~~ 

The ~year-old adult education 

school has been the •ubject of a month~long investigation by the fiv~man eommlttee probinC a.l· , leged wbverslva actlviUe•. Btghl

lander 1s racially Integrated. 

Albert F. Sloan, district attorney gener~ for Grundy and sis: 

other countle1 tn the 18th judicial 

district, aald lu:t night he could 

not anticipate what action mJ.&'bt 

be taken. 

Wanta Fecta Frm ,.. Afte,r I get the facts, study the 

Tenne&&ee code, and 'determine 

whether or not there has been a violation of the 1a w ,'' he Kid, MJ 

w1ll be able to .decide on any court 

action."' · The achool'e eharler II filed to 

Fentreu county, but the acbool Js 

located tn Grundy eounty, near Monteagl@. Senter eaid thl1 would 

be the main hula tor &ny court 

aetJon. _ 

He said the report wUl uk that 

Highlander'• eh&rte:r be nvoked 

because: 

• The .cbool'• corporation ,board 

has traneferred property to tdlrector-founder Jlylee B or t •ll 14 illega.lly." · · 

• The charter wu not "properly"' 

filed in Gruacl:; tcm\lty. • The school hu "operated outlido the ocope of lt. charter ..:_1>7 I 

/3 

6 o A-i;.a 23 1959 

' 

v ' 

engp,ging in 

~ ~ in Bo~ihl· Carolina." ~ , . .. . 

• There has been iJ..,.O' .:.cerUfi1' 

tion" of a Highlandrr charter ( 

the state secretary of atate . 

.!All these things to4ether ar' 

grounds for revocation we think 

-the committee thinkt-without 

getting into the question of •ul>-

veralon.'' &enter said. 

"But," he added, Mwa'U get I' 

1nto it (aubveraion) in the N· 

port." . Senter aa1d the committee e.hso 1 

will recnmmend that the leglala-~ Uve council study 'l'enneuee laws 

ot Jncorporation during the next 

two years, "with an aim of more rigid Btatutes of incorporation.'' 

He aaid the report al1o will be 

sent to the U.S. Internal Revenue 

service "'and maybe the t .. ti· 1 

mony will show the school ahould . have IU tax-exemption revoked ' 

too." . 

Senter aa.ld the legislatur~ls 

"litnite~to where tb~ atate 

go in · edition and aubver,s n." 

He aug ested the fed~ral go rn- ment ght take over "wher we ha,-e fe lawl!l that are applicable." 

Ha~ville Tennessean 

Nashville, Tenn. 

3.JI-59 P• 1 ~ 61-34 

J'-£L-.EY/# 

NOT RECORDED 

141 MA!l 20 1959 

-----

J;~-:;ul~ 

. G 1-75'/l 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ·. 

DATE c3/t./N BY oPrn!JioB 

c::4u 6 : 
• • 

• -

. ·. ~ 

c ' 

,.,. 

v 

t-iorton !DenieS\ 

Benn~tt _:Charg~ Arkansa~ Offi.clal Say~ H~-Thlnks - . 

Highlander ;Communist Oominated' .. ' 

1

: By GARRY FUJ-i!!ERT·O· N. rto expoee the Com_-' muni-lt .eon--

Myles Horton'~·1~.i.¥~_Ian4,~r .... ~ 1 splracy.... . · j 

!School director, heatedly denied/L•ana for Little Rock 

l

:yester'aay Arkansas Atty. Gen. Arter his testimony, he •hook: 

Bruce Bennett's accul!lation that bands with committee members 

jthe 11chool il5 ''communist doriil- and said: "Run 'em out, boys, run 

nd.ed." 'em out. That'lllll -the main thing." 

Horton and Bennett wer-e the Then he left to return to Little 

two main wjtnessea In a day• 

long public hearing on the 

school in tM War Memorial au· 

Rock. 

ditorium. Sen. Barton Dement 

Horton, wl1o spent a total of 

four and one half houra ,on the 

ltand yesterday, denied that 

either he or Highlander ia Communistic or subversive in •ny 

way. 

This Information, too, was brought out by Senter Jn the folof Murfreesboro, chairman of 

th• joint legislative committee 

probing charges of auberslve ac· 

tivitiu at the achool, adjourned 

the hearing until I a.m. today/ 

Bennett ""ho followed Horton to , 

lowing exehanarea: ~ 

Senter: "Are yon now or have 

Mr~.I.~KI M lroon~,~= M. eLoach __ 

Mr. McGuire __ _ 

Mr. Mohr. __ _ 

Mr. Parscms ____ _ Mr. Rosen ___ _ 

Mr. Tarnm __ 

Mr. Trotter. __ 

Mr. W.C.Sullivan 

Tele. Room __ _ 

Mr. Holloman_ 

Mi .. Gandy_ 

I 

NaShville Tennessean 

Nashville, Tenn. 

3-5-59 P• 1 ~ 61-34 

:the stand did not testify directly , a bout the school, but entered intQ 

the record testimony fr-om prevfoul 

invCf.lt!gatlone allegedly linking 

persons connected with the acbool 

with various "CommUnist tront .. ·

1 organizations. Then there occurred 

th ls exchange: 

rfo!;:Z~~j- A 

Rep. Harry Lee Senter of Bril!ltol: "Mr·. Bennett. ts Jt your opinIon that the Highlander Folk 

school is Communist dominated?": 

Bonnett (after & moment' a hes- ': 

ita.tipn): "Yee, atr." J 

The Arkansas official, who &J>"j peared In a neat dark blue eutt 

ltw.i black tie, told the committee 

be 115 "glad to do anything I caD 

--- . 

.. , q. 

128 MAR 20 1~~9 
·~· 

. -·ii.~:. 

. . 

:.·· - .... 

C-

' 

- ·--·~-~ .:~~;/ - ------------ - _____ ~ _ Clarence E. Kilgore, ~r htild-theColnmtttee table and fed 

itt Tracy City !IInce liU.~-at_l'faj. questfona to Senter. , , 

Communist J>a;rty or a~y othe~ aub- ot Roekwood. Tenn. Highlander's political activiti ~ vereive argan1zatton ?' , . . . . . _ . 

)"OUI' ever been a member of the _R. H. Thompsolil and W.-e.umm :McCartt queried Horton ~t , 

Horton• "I am- not e.nd have Alli,ted by Attorn•y tDoean t Part1c1pate In Pohtn~s 

never be~n a member of the Com~ Horton, the first man called to .,'r~e sc~o?l .~as never b 

munist party, under instructions the IJtand, answered que•Uons part m poht1cs, Horton eal~; I 

from the Communist party, or a from- 9:30 Lm. to 12:15 p.m., and have, but the school hu not. 

l

. member of any group ·under the sgaJil from 1:30 p.m. until 3 p.m. "Don't you know that you tried · tlomi~tion ot the Communist He was dreased tn . ..a dark blue to win the election for Henry - fa!t7·" su~t. whlte shirt and blue and Wallace fn 1948?" McCartt aaked. - a.nter: "Well, why haven'~ you white striped tie, and w~s assisted • .. No, air." Horton repli..S. "It' · gJn~d any of theee organizations? .by his attorney, Jordan Stokes may have been a mittake, but J -~,.,. ou seem to associate with peo- lU ot NuhvitJe. didn't support Henry Wallac:e 

p e who belong to them." One of the firat dramatic for- Preaident." • _Horto11:. "Ma~e. _I don't ap-ee moment. during the hearing Horton JdenU!ied ·aeverat pic- ·~nth their aims. came when Horton and Stoke• turea on a large aheet distributed 

Senter: "'Are you a believer in nfuaed to allow the committee by the Georgia Comlnia.e:lon on ):he Marxist~Lenin ideology?" to enter 11• an exhibit the origi- Education as having been taken a.t 

Horton: "No, air. l beUeve Jn nal copy of the achool's charter. Highlander. He llaid tW'O ot them. I 

education." "We'll give you a certified however were-unfair One showed 

Senter: ''In other words, then, copy," Stokes said, but Dement Highlander leaders .;ith Abner W. 

,you have strayed from the Marx- antJWered that would not be good Berry an admitted Q:lmmunlat.l 

Lst Jlne. Is that right? Are you enough. Horto~ said this had been. posed by' 

e:ympathetic with the foreign and "I'll have to adviae him (Hor- Friend, who took the WJoto and' 

domesttc policies of the .Soviet ton) not to Jet this document out push!!d Berry tnto the gioup just 

Union?" of hid p011ses8 ion," stokes re-- before snap-ping the ahut$er. 

Horton: "'No, air... plied. The otper picture ahpwed a 

Senter: ''Are identified Com- Dement then Instructed Sgt Joe Negro man and a white\ woman munlste eligible for any positions 'Williams of the Tennessee. high- apparently ~mbracing. H-orton 

at Highlander Folk school ;•• way patrol the committee eer- s~d 1t wa~ ~Jly a s:quau, dance 

Horton: "No, sir." gfant at artlts, to take the charters ep n w ic '.)land~ are clapped Senter: "Wa.s your wife a mem· from Horton behind the partner .a head\ ~ ber ot the Communist party?" ,, · stood up and with McCartt'-

Horton: .. No air not to my I wa_nt the record to &how demonstrated the atep, to t.!J.- .. - . ' z' h that thlt document w .. taken light ot the audience. ~ l>a~ledge. and would ave from Ul bv phutical for""· R J Al H otl kn n " 1 1 • ep. . an anover que an 

i

ter: ''Do yDU ever accept Stok" aaid. Horto~ at aome length about \tlie 

t-o ributions from the Communist Horton had prevlouely tesUfied schools finances and prop~y. ,Pa or CommuniE.t organiza- the school's charter had been reg- Horton aaJd a piece o! propetf.y tloru; .,, Lstered Jn Fentreas county Jnstead transferred to him In 1967 ~d 

~. Ho;ton• "No, air." . of Grundy county because at the been deeded to him by the l!lehool_'8 

Senter.' .. Do you ever aoUclt time It was obtained (1934) High- board Qf directors_ in Ueu ot ba$

1 funds fr.om them?" lander'• main headquarter( were salary. ft~ 

Har1on: "No, air." &t Allard, Tenn. • No Legal Claim To Pay 

About 50 spectators were pre!- "I went to the Grundy county Under ttlanover"!f q_uestibns, how-·l 

ent tn the big audJtorJum when c~urthouse yesterda¥. and tried .to ever, he admitted that he had no the bt':arings opened 30 minutes r g1ster the charter, Horton sard, legal claim to back .alary and 

late at 9:30 a.m. The cro,vd grew "but they told me you told them said he had In tact made zi.o deto nearly 200 by mid-afternoon r.ot to let me do it. I! the charter mand upon the school. 1 

when a colored movie of High~ IS wrong, I; want to correct It, but "So that propertY w.. ,..•lly ~ 

lander waa shown, then dwindled _a}Jparently the cotp.mittee doeen't ~uat • gift, waan't ltf'' Hanover' t 

again to a handful by the Um.e the want Jt corrected. • uked ' 

llearJngs were adjourned at 15:30 Horton said he had been a mem- ••rve" read you the facta, the minp.m. her of the board ot both the South- utes ot the committee about thla .. In addition to newsmen from Nn Conference Educational Fund, Horton said ... You can caU it wrui.t 

all parts of the .tate, the audience fare and tta euccesaor, the South· you want to.. . _ · include~ a ~oup ot !ltudents from ernConference Educational Fu?d, He aaid he. p1ana to pay ~es q,n I 

the Umverstty ot the South, a organfations which have been lust- the properly deeded to htm but 

number ot Nashville clergymen, ed as "lubveralve" bY the House bas not done 10 yet becaus~ the 

two Central high school aeniort UJJ-Amerfc;&n activitle~ committ.ee. prol)erty has not yet !een assessed. 

from Z.Iurfreesboro, and repre- Th~ ~1ghl~nder d1rector 1a11d "I've written a couple ot ttmes ~entativea of the Tenneasee Fed- h• ~rdn t thrnk t,hey were eub- A!!lkiog them to assess Jt," he ald. 

eratJon for Constitutional Govern· vera1ve, becauae 'thera were • .,but I gue.sa they haven't cot 

ment, a l!iegrega.Uon organization. a lot of wonderful people on around to it." · Bennett wu not the only out- thou board•, and I'm proud to 

of-atate witness who testified have taken part in them." Turnl OvaP' Statementa "S 

against the folk tchool yesterday. J. H. McCartt, committee coun- At the committee's'dema.nd. Hor-~ 

Also on hand was Ed Friend of seJ, aaked him: "Do you mean ton turned over aU the echool'&j Atlanta, now a $5,100-a.year wonderful people like James Dom- fln8.nc1at 1tatements since JUI 

U"''eraman with the Georgia br_owakl (one Of the founders of founding' together with .. ea.r4 m• ettry c:ommiuion, and a for- Htghlander_ a.nd the executive sec- ot contributors. m r •mploye ~f th• now·defunct retary o! both the SCHW and Told that an admitted commu-- G orgia Commillion on Educ•- SCEF)!" nbt, Paul Crouch, had aald !the 

tl n:~ "Yeo!!!, J would Include him," Hor- Communio!!lt party uses HJghla~er oaeph A.. Malone Ot Jlontgom- ton replied ... I think he Ia a ma.n without wantlng to be idenU ed 

ery. Aia., assistant attorney gen~ of great integrity." , In the public mind with the IJCh oL ~r4J ot Alabama, helped show the During most of the questioning Horton repJied: •, 

lZ-mtnute motion picture which of Horton, Bennett aat beside J4c- .. Thi1 man Ia a p•id Informer ' -..·u meant to be one of the hlgh .. Cartt and offered suggestons in and a profe~tional._ li•r• I chaf .. lights of the day'• testimony, but a low whlaper, When committee fenged him to mak..._ t-hoaa .Uta. 

CJd not take the .ta.nd hlmaelf. fmemben took over the quutlon- • menta outJide th• cO.mmitt•• frt 

Other wJtnesaes yelfterday were• ing, Bennett moved around be- the .presence of witneJI•a eo 1 -·-- ----~M·----~----... ...,. I " JJ '!_ • I ,.,... =- . · -. ,: ·: -~ ':., ~~ ~--~'·0:,~-;~·~· ;-; r:~-1.fF~~~~?,;·f:.;~~;~;?J~::~;.j-/f?i<:~;: -~- J{~:S~~ :~:·~:-· ~~ -,~-:~} ;::f/:·;,_r.-... 

/ 
._.· ;"--~~~~: 

•·:' !-:: ~ :' 

..-· .. · 

; -. ,·· 

.· 

a II ___., 

., ··--~~-:.·_,~:~--~-.. -- ~~ - ~-· could oue h.lm, J('J:.")'.,.,.. ~1· ... \ia~ l.o t..lli.rton talle-' 

to." - ty that he was a eommercial~ho- . During the afternoon seuion. t.ographer &nd tree Ia.nce ter , 

'Jon tesUfJed. that aJthough he\ plan. ning to do an article on gb- 1 at one time been a. the-ological lander. He al8o told the igtt1

· 

·· st ent, he Ia not a member of ·lander director he knew ph !

a church ·at the present tJme.'~McGiH of the Atlanta CoruJUt on The rea~n. he aafd, b that and A.. T. Welden, a.n NAACP at-, 

eburches in the vfcln.l:ty of Mont- torney. . 

ea.g1e- will not adtn.it Negroes t.o Asked why he had lled, he n- worsh.ip .services, &nd ''I do-n't feel plied: · • I can go to ehur-cb and. leave some "I •••ume f woutdn't hcve 

ot our peopJe behin<l at Hlgh- haen a very weleoma guest •t 

lander, telling them that brother- Highlander lf h• (Horton) h•d 

hOOd doesn't apply.ot , known my J)Urpoae there.'t 

Senter asked hlm: •

1

Do you be~ . Friend ea.id during one workshop 

Ueve in God?'' he ~at in on at Highlander~ tjl.e. "Ye•, •ir.'' Horton replied. advice had bee-n given to use "ehfl-

, nAnd fn .Jesus Chri.at, the Son dren, women, old people and 

of God?" Senter asked. preachers:" to push integration, 

"V1u, air~" Horton aaid again. "because white men won't atta.-ek 

"Then, why don't you pray up them for tear of appearillg to bel 

there at Highlander'?'' s e n t e r bum~~ · _. 

~eo.. . . To-ttim"O·ny Links OthtU''I · . 'H lfl~l•n!•,. ia not -~ tahgJoua, Bennett, in his teatlm-ony, sa.!d l 

1n•titut1on, Horton aard, Highlander has bun linked one The eommittee'a eess.lon tUd not way or another l\1tb the foUoww:, 

ot:en with .a ptrayer. lndividu&le who have been ei£ed J 

"Do you think a man can be a a.s belonging to various "CoaunuOommuniJt and 8UU be loyal ta nfst front" orgailizatlotlB; the U.S. government!>J Senter e Anne and Carl Braden, field 

uked. se.eretarJes ot the Southern Con~ 

"I know l eoufdn"t."' Horion terence Educational Fund. said~ "'Th-at'a aft I can ••Y·" e Lucian Koch, former pr-est.. : The 12 ~minute motlon picture dent of Commonwealth college, 

; which followed Horlcn'-s testimony Ark. · &bowed Negroes and white persons e .James Dombrowski, executive 

enterlng and Jeavlng the aehool eecret.ary of the Southern Conlibrary on the occs.sion · ot HJgh· terence to-r Human Welfare and, 

lander'.s 25th annlversary celebra~ SCEF. · tlon. Labor. day weekend, 1957. 1t e Dean Charles .Gomillion, now : alBo ahowed Negron a.nd whltea on leave o! abse-nce from TlUlk~ 

~swimMing together in the lake be- gee Institute, A.la. hin~ the school. e Claude C. WHliamt:. a. Cum· 

Friend, the Georgia :photog-ra- ber-land Presbyterian minister. 

pber, commented on t.be film u it e Abner W. Berry, a Commu- ' 

wu f1ng screened. He said h-e n.fat and eo. ntrlbutor t. o. the :tDalb' had ade the film him~e-lf. The Worker. . · · ' 

only kDDwn Comlllun~ pictured e Lee and Grace Lo~h. ·: wea etTy. ... · have b~en accused Qt Co ·. La r, on tht! w.l:tness .tand, nl$t a.fftliatlona. . . \ ! I

Frie ii sa.id he had lied to Harton The •~f.usured "Bennett et _: 

abbut hJs af!Hi&tiona when he bJe-d . only one~ ln hts tutimoh)'. came to Highlander to mak~ the .He ~~rred to ·tt•.'\ Brade~ u~ L .. . . 

'• 

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.. , . '• 

'!!'.':·~~.:~ . 

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. ~·-~ 

' -. --~ .• 

l-' --~~ 

--~ 

' ;t .. ,·..! 

t 

·. \ 

. ~. 

' 

-'l!!fJPII". ~~ 

~: .. _ •. l/.+~ ~-J-~~·:J- .... ,:~~~ ---------- -... ---~- b~ing connected with the South- laJIM\,aa '""' IIJ{rtg ~,;,.. the committee if Kilgore could not ern Regional Council, lnetead of •tiOfl ..tlth •. lot of people who have confueed the Daily WOrker 

the Southern Conference Ed.uca- have •• the•r goal the de•truc- ... onal Fund. The investigating tion of the United States as we with "The Worker," a pubUcation 

oommittee appeared not to notice know Jt end the placing into ~ the Workers' Alllance. ' 

the 

~u~ma.rizing 

mistake. 

hie testimony, he 

•Power 

aKc~. • 

of 

th 

a Communist 

T Cit 

conapirdaily .. Ask 

paper," 

him (Kilgore) 

. Stokes 

if 

1uggeat 

ft ~ 

d. 

1 1 gore, e racsr y postmas- dd h 

If a barnyard gooae b Jured ter. teatified that ••.o or 50 copies a ing that e knew the eom t- o a flock of wild geese, he of the Daily Worker'' were recelv- tet: wanted to conduct the hea.ri 

ay h e-xeuaed only if he leave• ed by, members of the Workers' AI- in the spirit ot fair play. e flock. But if he c.ontinuet Hance during the early 1930s when . Dementre!\J.sed,anapping: "We'll 

f )ing in formation with them, Horton was helping organize them. conduct this bearing u w• aee then he is a wild goose, no mat- The Daily Worker wa"l a Commu- fit." tH how loudly he may protest nhst paper formerly published in Kilgore later told reporters the 

that he ia not. New York. paper he wu referring to came 

__ ~-!!_!~_l!ke _that:...:•~c~h~o~o~I_,_(~H~;~g~h~•_;__::B~t~o~k~e~•~· ~H,.-o~r~to~n~·~a._,e~o~u~n~•~•::l,._,a~o~k~e~d~.~w~e~e;k~l~y""'o~r,:m=:o~n:;t~h=ly~,=n=o~t=d&=l~ly~.~==~ 
\' ~,' 

. -"~ . 

0·19 {Rev. t-28-59) 0 

I .II.;:\ V)> "l;>JJO:n grieved to ~ stn!ngth It has today In the 

that the'1-1jghlander Folk South this SChool helped the 

,.. · ~ ~:·, .... ~, .. ,{"·,,;..,····- _~enn... unpopular labor organizer. f!! ~elfil! ffive$!1gatelf.""'~>$!J'!l· It Js still none too popUlar Sib~9tt_the_Q.ccusat.wn to be a labor organizer In 

or ;;ommuplsm Actually, certain areas of the South 

U\e objection is and always and tor a sehoor to have 

has been that it provides a stood fearlessly for integra- meeting place for colored tion and for labor rights a!",d white to discuss sub- and to have made a good jli!cts of mutual 1nterest to name in its own community 

! ?~!~J i~aC:~:. ~"1. ~articu;ar!y and friends in its own com· •. ····-·- •. --c ... , .• , __ p .. d tc ~ram munity I think speaks well 

' 

I afraid to testify In favor of 

the right ot this 5chool to" 

function. It Is . true that even sortie (happily only a tew) ot our highly placed Southern senators and 

gressmen have used this 

threat Of accusing an organi- zation or an individual of 

communism when what they really meant was that they were strenghtenlng the 

cause o! Integration and labor In the South . l

i )peop}e In the labor move. for the school and Its dlrec· 

\;mer.~. tor, as well as its support- f We want to be aware of ers. 

I ~ Before the labor move- f x" hope no one will be the threat of communism; ~:nent had even reachc'ed"'-_,t::h:::e-"~:o,-::::::!:.O:~o::..__:::::::_::::::_;:::c_· ~~ want to be taught what 

- --'~ 

tZ~:~on?- DeL~ McGuire---

Mohr ___ _ 

Parsons ----

Rosen ----;-

~~~:~ 

Tele. 

W~-Room __ 

Holloman .,.__ __ 

may be a few peoo ple who may have ~ at. 

tracted by the Ideal of com. 

rnunism, which has neVer 

t.een achieved, but they are usually theorists and have never faced the real facts or 

tommunfsm or s~alled so-l ciallsm as practiced in com- munistic Russia. Red China. or anywhere else that I 

know of. 

t?; _,-~e Waahlnoton Post and __ _ 

i) 

67 MAR1311959 

-

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~}S ~~CLASSIFIED~~ DATE o BY df?R 1 

c;94'~<l 

Times Herald 

The Waahinqton Daily News~ The Evenlnq Star------

New York Herald Tribune __ 

New York Journal-American_ 

New York Mirror _____ _ 

New York Daily Newa ----

New York Post------

The New York TJme• ----

The Worker--------

The New Leader-----

The Wall Street JoUmal ---
<-· 

I 

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1\_r-----'---~-..J-1 Governor Gets Measure 

For Closing Of Highlander, I' I: Trom 'l'ht Om!meld&J Appeal Nuhvlllt IUJUU 

NASHVTI..LE, March 13. - A resolution to open the way for 

possible revocation of the cha~r of the Highlander Folk School 

at Monteagle got final legislative approval Friday and went ~ 

the Governor.· ~:1: · 

The resolution instructs the district attorney general the 

Highlander area to take steps to have the charter re.voked. 

would remove the school's tax exemption and possibly "de 

the means for taxing it out ot exi=st:..:•:::.nc::.::•:_· -------- A Special legislative comm,it·l tee that investigated Highlander 

aaid it had collected evidence 

to show the school is a meeting 

peace for communists and fellow traVeler&. 

<-.;;· .. 

-·· ·-"· 

r-:. 

The committee also reported, 

the school certificates ot in-1 corporation had not been filed 

m· Grundy County, where th~ 

Institution Is located, and that some school property had been 

transferr~ *a i1l''ts Horton. di]· rector o! Highlander. 

The fo'>lm~c~~ Affec&. 

'ht-en,ft-,,s.j T~~'"'· 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UflCLASSIFIED ~~ DATE alv/!Cf BY OJ?~ I (l&,-

1 c94 

• 
-·'. 

?} 

52 1APR 

( 

( .. 

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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~· 

DATE sj & 1 ri BY &s-Gr 

0'4n 

{ ¥ixi~g Clif:'l 

· Jnsur~nce At 

I Highla~er, , 

r"J By JIM SCOTT 

.. liighlander FOlk scqpgl;l insurance policies were ea.nceled 

. la.!t year becauae underwrite 

feared t h e achool would e' 

bombed due·to ttl tnUrraetal c- · 

~~· .. JZ

ifr:~ -- Mr. McGu.ll! --·-

Mr. Mohr ·---· Mr. Pars,ms ______ _ 

Mr. Rosen ... __ _ 

Mr. Tamm __ 

Mr. Trotter ____ _ 

Mr. W.C.Eullivan 

Tele. Room._ 

Mr. Holloman_ 

Miu Gandy_ 

1 tivttie\ · t \ 

k4Jt Schclot _ Director _ Q!'· 

...!!m.. tp\d the inV-estigating c -

nlittee today that in•uranc..e cOm-', , panies _took the actton after the.. 1 bombings of Byn&gop ·in the . south. _ I 

During thts period-two ot 

three montp.s-the school ukftl · for and retetveli irpeclal e:an- tributiona to create a fund /tor · rebuilding in . t be event~, the . acbool was damaged by Violence. 

Borton pld. , - I · However, Horton .._\.4 the 

school Ip.ter obtafned tu8uranee 1 from Lloyd'• Qf London by pay-., 

ing the "total premluin in ad- vance by lump aum." · ' 

The director-founder added, 

'"V.'e are having trouble wtth 

Inn ranee again be<:aU1e: ot thia 

Investigation." He nld the 

ecboo1'1 automobile Insurance 

l

...-.as eaneeled when the cur.ret¢ I 

ptobe was announced; . : t I 

Today' I b~arin-C'. wouna _ -~p,_,. 

Nashville Banner 

Nashv1lle1 Tennesse

3-5-5-:f p. 1 

61-34 

1_~~/)d--P A f(-JS'I) -.v 'hi- 75" II~ 10 <.>· 

NOT RECORDED 

81959 

126 /J.J·R 3 lS59 

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1 ~about 22 ~un of testimony. 

The cc.m~~ ~iourned a.t 1! a.m. subject ·to c:aU of Cbai•"' man Barton Dement -of Murfreesboro. The panel U due to 

report to the legialature Tue8-

da1. The -committee dies with 

adjournment of the legislature.. 

Mo't of l<Hiav's bearing wU 

aimed at the ichool'a flrlanclal 

policies. Rep. J. Alan Hanover, an attorney, questioned Horton 

closely on the school's bank accounts and deposits with a aav- fn~ and loan association in CAlifornia. Horton said the school 

had a total ot about iZS,OOO on deposit. He was vagu-e abot1t 

interest rates, and_ agreed to 

produce a complete audit for 

the commlttee. 

The Wednesday afternoOn se ... eion wu highlighted by testimony ot Arkansaa Atty. Gsa. 

---.~ 1:.:.. D;~~ , ChdrtM G ,qQwtn'on, c!ean of 

Tu.a:kegee. A!a.; lnstltute, ~~ 

ber of Highlander ueC'itttVe 

--r ---1 

I 

:aruce Bennett. 1 • 

Bennett, a Vanderbilt. Upiveralty school of law graduate, told 

the five-m~m Senate-House com- i>-•·•ttt: lh&.t he believes Highlander is Communist dominated 

and the Reds have· he.d a hand 

ln stirring up racial unrest tn 

the South. 

J.:Iyles Horton 54-year:.old dl:-

rector and founder of the school', 

located near Monteagle, is scheduled to return to the stand this 

morning. · 

Ho=-ton, ~:ho t;:p~n! nearly five 

houre testifying Wednesday, has 

Clenied that he is a communist or has any communietlc leanings. He maintains that the 

Communists dielike. Highlander. 

~Theie Ch.;;r~tt#r:' · 

Bennett inked "'these charac- ( tez:.!'' eit.l)t!r with. Highlander or ltcrt~/~ , Pett:,e.e IJ e r, Chattanooga guftt~:Kst-smgt>r, Who bu taken 

part in Highlander activities; 

:.~~:;!~~:i~~~:::i~;;i 1 

land Jeform in Arkansas eimUar t the ChJne.se Communt.ts; 

cited Z-5 o:r 3Q tltnea for aubver--

Luctaa....aocb, 1amJ.er head of 

cnrsed as a nuisanee, and aald 

to be a friend of Horton's. 

aive a.ctivltses. · I 

th. e now_· .. aerun~J:!lftlO_l)~l.lJ~~­ Coll~ Mena.. Ark., wh[ch was 

Ja~~~..o~wski, ·!l_!,B.d of '! th)!o...SOUtne"l!\ _ Con!erenst.~ · m1'1.n~·e1!.a"'e whlc'!i -~lOsed dOVfn" · j after- being placed on aubversiv' :.~ __._,, ... ~,."' ~t:lO..:i of aucceaso·r group Southern Conferenee Jl:ducaUon Fund of New_ Orlea.na; 

charter signer of Highlander. 

cited for subvetatve aetivities 4 

ttmee. · ....1 

co~cll, who "Waa instrumental 

in' sinding egro profei!ISor to 

Arkansas find "aott apots" 

for' tnte tlon. 

Aubre s, now publish- er of m periodical ln Birming- ham/~- osely •dentified w 1 t b 

Highlander d eptaker at its 

21Sth annlv .!!B.ry celebration in 

1957; cite for aubvenlve activities 2S times. - -r-i.":-!:1__ 

Ab e egro.~u:ned 

a Co m nist, who attended an- \ niversary ·celebration; elted 21 

u~:· a..1lJi Gr~reh, aetlv• 

tn Lltl1£ 'Rock ~clal disturbance; -once connected with Fisk 

Univers.t}" and Highlander particlpante; once took the Fifth 

Amendment before ii Federal Jnvestlga ~ng committee w h e n queried about Comm~ist con- nections. . r b· __ The Arkansas otncral charged 

that Horton attended a secret 

North Carolina meeting which 

espoused .r.evcJution8-ry ideas. 

"'The Highlander Folk School," 

be ea.id. "keepS pretty close to the 

party llne aDd in clo.se touch with 

Co1pmunlat 'fronta!' · . 

United Front 

Bennett a.Jao 1afd that Horton 

in 1935 took •n activ~ Interest 

ln the United Front, a eombitlh 

tlon ot the SocJaUst and Com-

' 

( 

\ 

.1· . • . t j milnist parties 'Wboae objecUve 

11 :~ t~ overthrow our way Of 

! .......... • . ~ 

.Reterring to Arkansas lntegra.-

tJon trOubles and closed-down 

Commonwealth College, Be.nnett 

aaJd, "tlu! aame events have oe:- curred ln. our ata.te which haVe l 

been unfolded .iq your state. r 

"'You people Cfrl.alnly have a_, 

problem bere." ' -:., 

He stated that an 'Arkansas investigative committee recently ,.. found "subversive connections In 

racial ·unrest." He said ,50,000 wu epe~t _ tq promote-. raclal 

strife fn Arka.tls&a." 

Ed Friend, a photographer for 

the State of Georgia,_ who infiltrated the school to report to the 

Georg'ia Commiuion on Ed.uca- ~ 

lion aa.ld Highlander "ls au~ 

verslve to the way ·I have been 

taught to Uve In America." 

.i ntern.e~al Ph:rtc: ... Friend took both atnl and IDOV•_ 

ing pictures of interr.aclal &ctiv~ 

ties at the school. Tb,e tnOtion 

pictures showed whJtes ·and Negroes swimming to~~rether. 

Frle~d said hls wife~ who attended ;rome ot Uo.e H.lgh!ande-~< sessions 1Vith him, waa "•o dill-- . gusted she cried." '... 1 

Also here on invitation of the , eouimlttee la Joseph A; Malone, i an uslstant •tate attorney general from Alabama. · , ......... ~ 

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·~--------,------,--~----

Speech Denie~-

T epc:h~[~Sa)f~ ·~:. Highlander School _Defense . ---

Talk Banned, Scarritt Woman Says 

By WAYNE WHITT Horton tMtified lnllurailee poH- cies on the school's property were A Nub ville educator charged canceled "when synagogs were be- 1 

yesterday the l s tive commit- ing- bombed. Our Insurance was· 

tee investigatin h an Folk canceled because the tnsu~ce , lan 0 refused to mpany felt we might be bo ed 1 

w because or our interracial ac vi- l 

.ti:a ty In de!enae or the Grundy tiea." I co ty adult education Institution, He .. id for eeveral months e 

1 i .. .A.I~b, director of lnst1tution was without insur· 

rural field work at Scarritt col- ance "'but we finally_ were ablit • ~ ........ ,..,. J4ge, said ahe was told Wednes·! ~-- --~- d!i:y by the committee the would 

be permitted to testify )'etten:ley. 

But the five-member committ" 

•djourMd without hearing her. 

'"I don't understand why they· 

wouldn't permit me to teatify," abe' 

Mr. Parson& ... ---· 

Mr. Rostm -------

Mr. Tanun ----

Mr. 'Trdtl'r 

Mr. \V .C.Rullivan 

Tele. Room ----- Mr. Holl~nr.anllfiaa GandY.--

Nashville Tennessean 

Nashville, Tennessee 

3-6-59 p. l 

61-34 

enid. "l thought they would want 

the Cull .tory, but appa.renUy not..,· 

Seek Extr• Pay 

Aa: the eommlttee concluded the 

hearing and prepared to write a report to be delivered to the le~ 

. Jature TueSday, It wa.s reported re- Jiably 8ome memben of the eom~ 

mittee want to ask the legi1111lature 

tC' pay extra for their probi~ the 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE 3J~/w BY Q"pfl137TI)cXJ 

achool. 

A legislator close to the com· 

mittee said if the group doea d .. I 

clde to a•k for pay over and 

above the $15 a day they are ,.._ 

ceiving •• membere of the l~a­ lature the proposal will orlai ta.! 

In ~he aenate. . 'T e lawmaker wouJd not .,_y hoW much the membera t 

othf than .. it bl 8Ubl!tanturtly 

~J~e~::d~e: :k~::·_~:--.... 1 

lnl' them extra pay. .,; ~. l-' . --+- ~-- ----... 

;.9 APR 

~~ ~~ 

Rflt...~ I~ I- 751/- ~ NOt FIEOOk::.ED 

126 .PI'R 3 1859 

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(~ontin1,1ed F;o: ;age~~-~ contribu~~ ·~ fjrmarked fo;!sWf, newsmen, a. • ma._i':tenanc~1 

l

rspecial projects. · · I man a.ssi&"Ded to the bUill11n&' pal 

to get insurance again by getting ••would there be fn shuft'Ung of a janJtor. 1 

It from Lloyd, cf London.'' these funds around to fool anyone Several aupporters of gh· 

"~hen we couldn't get insur- 1as to what you actually have?" rancfer were in the audHo. um I 

ancE we asked our friends to Hahover asked, in addition to Misa Cobb, ne \! 

p;<cdj e $10, $50, or $100 to help uel "We try very had to make It of the others was ~ ay 

:teb~~d in case the school dwa.s, de-/ ~lear," Hor!-o_n •hot ba~k_.._ ~~- . 13-Who said ahe JA- .!:'tro.~d.'' Horton continue , • and have to sat111y _o'Lir contriDUton l'riiiied to teatify In defense of 

they di,~, many o! them from Ten- •.nd I d~n't ~hmk the found a- Hiahlander before the commit- nessee. t1ons wh•t~ g1ve us mony Would tee adjo~o~rned. Miss Justus, af!c.:-

He ~aid fear or future trouble keep aend•ng ~· mo~ey yea_r reta'ry-treasurer of the High- _ over iUI!IUt-a.nce wa.! the reason after _yea_r and. tncreumg the~r land bpard of d!rectori.. t .. tified 1 tor the existence of a $5,000 tn- con_tr•_but,~ons '' they weren t befor.' the eommittee In Tracy 1 

~;urance fund ,at the echool. satiSfied. !n· City last we_ek. _ .. __ . . i 

"And becaU!se of this lnvestiga- .. That's no pruot'," Pdnov::r The committee didn't g1v. anY 

t!on ·• Horton continued, "the in- te~~Jt~. th uestfon. reason fOr not hearing the woman. €ur;{nce on our automobile has , b m answe_r e -~h him.~ Miss Cobb aaid she ha.d wanted 

h,...,.,., l"anceled We've set some you ve een argumg Wl , ' to tell the committee "I have 

n•oney as-ide 1~ case w. _• can't get! Jordan Stokes m. Horton 11 attor- never at any time seen any tndi~ lnsuranee." ney, said. 1 d u cation of activiUes or teachings 

Hanover and Horton snarred ._~':_;"!';.t .. ~~m-~? !'::!~~r·.!~h ~~ ~hich wer~ .~ul?ve!~~v~~ ~•n~ ... h~~! "th h t1 the Memph' lxn\Jl\ ... uo.v~ uu ... -·a ........ ··-~-- ···-~been especJaJJy tmpressen wun ~ne/ " 1 eac o 1er as 1S at all " Hanover replied ••Every k l t t 1 rti th lawmaker questioned Horton about . , k t' h . trJ to een n eres n auppo ng e rhe .school'• bank accounts and tlme 1 as ait~'ues 1

?n e es .. princfpJes o~ democracy, and edfUt:ds . . talk around · ucating participants in these prtn- - · ••t•m. n~; trying to _tal~ ,around clples. I should aay that this is a Claims One ACcount anythmg, Horton Bald. Im try- strong .move to strengthcm our 

The director testified the school ing to explain a program that is citizenry agatnst threat.. of com- "f"---. 1 'fr,11v on~ account on which it difficult to explain." munism." ,, r<ke checks and that was in a Horton, neatly dressed in a dark Rep. Harry Lee Senter, eom.rnlt.- l:oaiJ~ at Sewanee. He said in addi~ btue I!!Ult, ~oul~ reach into hia tee member and author of the rea- !;0;~ •:1e school. hbd some funds pocket or his brlefcase at his feet olution which led to the tnvestiga-

;.,\', ,._..:;, :..r. savmg~:> and loans as- for records u questions were tion, qu~stJoned Horton about 4be 

socifl.tions in California "because

1

1 fired at hl~- source ot contributions to the 

f'ur auditor found we could get The hearmg pJayed to & near school. , __ . ,_._.., __ .._ ~'----" u--+ .... ,..,.,,. .. -rnntv 'hou•,_ in the bisr War Me- u-an. •• t- n .... ..,...,,.1., nf' """"r 

f."~~tifi~dt~\~~t~th~u;~b~oih;dv~ g~~:~ ~~~i~1 b~iidini aUditorium. About I mo~~? cO;e~" fr~"m N;;· y;,~k:iJl· t">:-A.l fund and then a fund_ tor/50 wer. in the chamber and this Bronx and firooklyn and around 

:--i"''( ;at proje_ct!'!: __ He __ !lai~_~L~l!Ues lnctud_ed_c~mrntttee tnem~~-r~. t~elr the Univeuity o! Chicago'!" Sen- '! ter a•k•d. · 

I Money Wher• It Ia 

.. "Th~ mo'!:Y .. ~~~~!- !~~~- .. ...,~!};~ 

II

. t.ne money us;· nort.on repueu. ""' 

r.olh~ct it where we can p-,..t it and 

bank It at Sewanee. When we ask for funds we don't care 

I 

v;·hether it comes from Brooklyn, 

the Bronx or anvwhere."' 

.. _·~~.h~:·~- r~~h_:·~ ~e~.:~ .. !-.~d~..:'y~~ uun 1. ca1 e '' u.::•-~ "" ..,...,....,~ ............ , ... -

you?" 

..I have n•~•r. eolieited money 

from any Comml,lnist organization."' Horton retorted. "I con- ttoibute to HighJander myeelf 1 

and I don't contribute to eny 

aubveraive o• .,llnization.'' . 

Senter then reached tnto reeort!e 

taken from the school and started 

eaJUng- names from eardl and aak--

ine- about them. ~ The ffr-st name he drew was that 

of Ora ~nson of Parhs. A-r)(. 

1 

.. ~~~16do';s "'it:' hav~er-~~rt~~o~~ not to aend appeal letteN !'' 

Mother·ln.Law 

"'That just hap-penl!l to be my 

mother-In-law," Horton replied. 

''She doesn't have much money 

-and l didn't Wi.iit letters going to 

hl!!t 

&enter 

asking aefectecl for contrlbutlone:.'' more than l - dozen urds. On one card the was a notation to address t 

person by hia fiNt name. •. "There II nothinl" wbvers 

I

, ~~~!s.~ii;~tC::c~rd:r their ~! • ...... ·-~- ........ Y'OI<.~~· 
'.:• 

_,._ 

_ _ _____ __ 

r 

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Odds on Repolll · -.;.,~~~ ---:;-

1 ~om what I have ween aftd! 

he d o! the investigatlon."1 be 

eon nued, .. I don't aee t~-ow tbe~e ave going to write a report." 

"" T e legislator uid in the p t 

some members of investigati •. groups had been allowed ad 1·. 

tional pay. The legislature appro.." 

priated $5,000 for the investigation. It could not be learned 

yesterday how much of this has 

been apent as all e~pense ac· count• have not been filled. · Asked about leeking additional 

II•Y· Sen. Barton Dement, chair- · man or the committee, said h"' · kr.ew 'nothing about it. He sa.ld 

the group would file an Interim re- port with th, general a.IJI!Iembly 

Tuesday. · Only Myles Horton, founder a.nd 

director o! the acbool, testified 

during yesterday's hour and a half 

Jllession. But Horton, who apent 

ne~ly five bouro in the wfeu chi r Wednf"sday, was uked ore abf ut the school's financial p cie1 

th/1 n about charges of IUbV alve 

a.-1 ivittes. 

urtng queattonlng abou fi- nances by Rep. Alan Hanov~. · committee member from )iemphla. i 

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l:IIATTANOOGA NEWS .. FREE PRESS 

BOY McDONALD EVERETT ALLEN LD ANDEB!ION 

Prooldeat ADd Publlsll4w 1'Nu1lrft Ecmor 

Publiahed Each Afternoon Except Sunday :: ! 

SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1959 

Taxes Send More to Highlander'"'·_ T~ New:~Free Pre~3 eomtl!tnted the 

ether day on the uee ot tho American 

taxpayers' money to finance a State 

Department exchange student program 

that will bring a woman from Liberia 

tn ht)ce part in Bctivities at the notorioua __ ~~Iander Folk School near Monteagle,-"'I'erm.-:Bul 1t hiS furDed out that 

!a only part o! the story, 

In addition to tho Liberian woman 

1ponsored by the St!!te Department's 

International Educational Exchange 

Service, Highlander Folk School Is goIng to be visited today through Sept. 8 

by 11 French students under -State De· 

. partment grant.ll fol- 4'&n exPeriment in 

international living," 

There are grave questions 8.a to the 

odvisability of perverting the otudent 

exchange program by requiring the taxpayera to support junkets to an institution which is not really 11 ochool In the 

usual sense-and Ia an institution that 

certainly the Government of the United 

States should not give any aemblance 

of official support. 

We do not expect ever to find out 

what the cost of the tours of the 

Liberian .woman and the 11 Frenchmen 

to Highlander really 11. The State Department wraps up ouch program• In 

a deep camouflage of red tape so that 

costs of the exchange program• II dlf. 

ficult to discover, although It Ia ucertainabie that some 22 million doll&rl has 

been appropriated for aome of the program, 

While we may never know tho 

cost In dollars of State Department 

e}:mneorship of Liberian and French Vliltors to Highlander Folk ·School, the 

cost will he somewhere In the tax bill 

of the American people, But far worae 

than the dollar coot 11 the disguoting 

fact that the State Department has anv 

part In eponsoring hidividuall 11t the 

hi&:hly auspeet Highlander Folk SchooL .. 

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~n ~:JLAS~.dED 

Knoxville Division 

DATE · BYr1P~ 

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• 1 ox Money For A Highlander Visit? ----..... The State Department hu eonfirmed 

that the International Edueation Ex· 

tht'l.;:;,~ Sendee of the department il 

apendinc aomo $1,800 a person for 11 

. French teachers tn mit tho highly OOD• 

troverslal Highlander Foil< School Ia 

Monteagle, TenD. 

The vislt.t, ,.,.. 1 State Department 

official. although paid for by the 1overn· 

w~nt wen11 arranged by something called 

the "Experiment ln International Living'' ol Putney, Vt. The 1pokesman zaya 

that ot~ani.Lation u been :found· to be 

reputable. 

The whole affair .r a 11 e 1 question• 

promptly. Highlander baa been .l.b COD· 

sirlerabJe hot water lately. For more than 

two det-adea the acbool, under Director 

Myleo Horton, hao openly advocated Ia· 

tef'ation. .,:•courses" ar• taught there 

' ... ·' 

which lead to "" degree. But ti!OJ ara 

heavily laden with aociologieal import 

and tho whole direetlon of tho acbool II 

far tn the JefL Labor nnlon organizational method& aro .U.ong tho aubjeeta 

taught 

Nobody tnoww apparently fust !low 

far left the school 11. The Tenne...,o 

Legislature some months ago tntenaively 

.l.bvestigated it but It tame up wttb aomething short of specific findinga. Elforta 

have been made tn close the ;plate up 

as a publie nuisanee: Hearings are now 

pending on a eircuit attorney'a petition · 

to padloek. Only a few weeb ago local 

officers raided the •chool and dlocovered liquor on tho premlsea. Arresta 

were made. 

The Use Of public ll!OnOJ for any ....,h 

•!sit is or OU&ht to be 1ubject I<> detailed 

.l.bquiry. 

( 

< 

THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS 

9/11/59 

Birmingham, Alabama 

Red Star FJ.nal 

Editorial 

S. VINCENT TO'IJNSENDExecutive Editor. 

BH Office. 

~IGHLANDER FOLK SCHOC 

Monteagle, Tennessee. 

IS - C 

11 ,, 

.,.. '. . 

1 ? 1-16/!-li 

NOT RiCO;iD'ii':' ~ 

149 SEP 24 1951 r 

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- -· Allti~R087i:--~·­

. · llilu · · ~-~~~ 

Fill Maili 

I L ~\ ., IWNa t111.Bnr u~' , .. bod)- "" .... , "-'t • ~''·~:~,, ~~ ~ IMB.lRa., Ua~·cy .. KWnl editor, DOVeUa .. 

eompoaer rt ~- cliUios. 1 

a- .... lltac:.Ud 1a • 1aa11ot I 

wllldl waa lllrnh>, up Ia lho 1M11 Ill.,""'"' ~- .... _,._ . ..nu, rl ............. _ .... li 

• ---rl .. Blplo .... Felli ...., II HeoiearJe 

'-- 'lloo ....... aal. ~ ·-.c.·--..... 

'fttt Allloa..rmou, wtitfor .J. ._ 

......... ~ --.-; 

aappwteJ rl .. 1!-'Bilhlnder 

~I el MH&e•~ iEaa. S 

........ = 'Me -... ~·- . 

llooa relofUd !hot th• school 

l.m't comnuJni&tic, but has bee!. 

und.r attack lor yaars by an "undying bunch ol t.tlu!a .• 

laid RaM: 

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0-19 (Rev. 1-11-60) 

4-,f.,( 

52 MAR 161960 

l~te.7aci~t S~h~ Charter Lifted by 

Tennessee Judge_ 

f.LTAMONT. Tenn .• · Feb. 11 

CliP> .-CircUit Court Judge c. 

C.- Chattin y day revoked 

th charter o i hlan · 1 &hn~J •nd ordere e In r- rt!Fa Adult Education Center near Monteagle placed under 

reteivershlp. 

in an ll·page declslon Jlled. 

In· Grundy ·County CirCUit 

Court. Judge Chattin ruled thO · ~~~;hool had violated Tenn~ 

&eJ!e,!J.tiOn liiw..s aii01iWs per- talnlng:totlle sale'o! beer. · :I"he judge ruled !urther ~t 

a .£ted giying school "prope.Itr 

to Myles Horto_nL.lts tl>\!!l.liU· 

pfesident: w8s-invali.d_a_nd that. 

thellroperty ;-abOut 70 acres, 

mj.l.st be turned back to the 

.ochool. . . 'Revocation of the general 

..,euare charter was sought by 

District Attorney General A. B. 

Sloan on the ground that the 

27-year-oid .schoru had ·been 

uSed for personal &&in of Mr. 

Horton. 

;Mr. Sloan also charged ~t 

Highlander had engaced In, 

commercial activities 1n ViolatiOn of its nonprofit charter. 

-The judge issued his decision! 

on the basis o! a trial held In 

~" ~81'. ' • ... • 

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Tolson ___ _ 

Mohr ___ _ 

Parsons ----

Belmont ----

Callahan ---

~~ ~--- W.C. Sullivan_ 

Tele. Room __ Ingram ___ _ 

Gandy ___ _ 

ALL INFORMATION C9.~~T.\INEO 

ttEREI~s(t,):LhSS\rl1-ru. ~ DATE BY S;:Js1 

The Waahinqton Poat and __ _ 

Ttmea Hwcdd 

The Waablnqton Daily ~ewa --

The EYeatnq Star t)- //-

New York Herald Tribune __ _ 

New York Journal-Amer1ean --

New York .. 1rror _____ _ 

New York Dally New• ----

New York Poat ------

The New York Times----

Th• Worker _______ _ 

Tbe New Leader------

The Wall Street Joumal --- Date __________ _ 

fEB 17 1960 
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0-19 (Rev. J-11-60) 

~--T'RIAL ASKED 

Highlander · -. 

P •• A • •• tolK ~cnoors 

/ charter revoked ./ 

H JGID..AND~..J'o1J!:~!JQ91_at MonteagTe,"Tenn:, for 28 years an outstand .. if'g interracial adult educational center, 

.. ~"' ~•L~ ... ·.~Jt:U. of its state charter on Feb. 

16. Cec!l D. Banstetter, Nashvllle lawyer· 

de!£nding the .school, announced he 

1\.·ouid file a t;notion for a new trial and 

would press the ease -·through every pos .. 

oible judicial channel In search of Justice !~r the school." I 

I

' c;, Cuit Court Judge Chester C. Chattin/ ~·::'"r' 1ho+ tlJP F:choo1 violated its char· 

J

ter t·y ·'perw.itting inteSTatlon in its school 

"~·:k" Ht· -ordered a receiver to Wind u.p · ~ - •- " '·: ·";;ire •. 

T!U:l"RE GOING ON: It was believed ,. · · ~ ·- b:.s authority to put his order 

i::n.o df<-ci pending an appeal, but Myles :,:~r.:-to;1, ~chool president, laid: 

v: ·. [" l" going &head With our CWTent 

h--:uo;.• ;v:-'a] program. We have a rest- • · ,J ,~·-~rk.sbop for -mlnlsters and aofAu wor~ers sehedu1ed for the comtng 

1\-~t>k-F>N': Our extension program Jl allo 

._-; .".:;:,·_·_~-'lg tor the present. Th1a rultna, a.~. far as ! have been able to asce-r1a1n, 

cve.:J not interfere with our current pro .. 

&!a.m. l! I am v.-rong about that, aomeone 

.,.Ul have to tell me, but there hu been 

no COlli'i order .stopping anyt.hina nt.. ~ 

Th~ d"'"',.-.0:oP h~d arguE-d that Tennes-

~t·: s ~·~-w· ,.,n:·-old s.e.-rcgaUon laws pro- 1 

tl'l':iti::--.g ln!·t:>r?-::8ted classes and wortaho~ 1 

had bf-"(>n declared WlCOnst.ltutJonal ltJ 1 

.. ""~;·,".c Court, but Judge Cha~ 

· ' ' · ::. • Supremo Court dedal p - r l ., -, hll .. hnt not prl-va.te .ach 

... e r.;co. u. the atate'a Ja"'s "a.e: appUed ~rn·ut~ echools p ~StitutJonaJ 

valfd." 

b~MAR 161960 

UF P'nCKGRO)JND: .Judie 81 Ul11'1 

ruJ1nir Is the latest development In a lollll 

campalan by the state to ciON the IIChool. 

Lut July pollee raided It aa •. ''Puhllc 

nulaanoe" and Its main bulldlna was padlocked temporarll)' on a c:haree that ~ 

wa.s ;old the-re Without & U. .. e ... :=; 

.In November a JWT handed down an advloory vercllct that the achool was op-

~rat.ed for "the ]ienooal lain and enrichment" of Mylea Horton. Judie Chat-

-tin cited both these earlier cases In hls 

order· revoklnir the acbool'a charter, and 

he voided a deecl or a plot of 11Chool 

nounda to Horton upon . wblch be had. . 

bUilt a home at hls own expense, Terti· 

mOll)' -allowed that f!>f 20 )'eara of the 

achool'1 existence, Horton had drawn no 

aa1a17, and currently receives $9;000 a 

year which Ill considered low when com- pared to o1mllar ~. . . . 

It the Cbattln rullnc atanda, It could· 

atfe<:t many other Tonne..,.. colleges and . 

unlnrsltleo wbere nclall7 lntee~ , . 

'"laSS'' ,, conducted. 

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184 MA;: 16 1 SGO 

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Tolson ___ _ 

Mohr ___ _ 

Parsons ----

Belmont ----

Callahan --- DeLoach __ _ 

Malone ___ _ 

McGuire __ _ 

Rosen ___ _ 

Tamm ____ _ 

Trotter ----

W .C. Sullivan -

Tele. Room __ 

Inqram ---- Gandy ___ _ 

The Wgahinqton Poat and __ _ 

Timea Hwald 

The Waahlnqton Dally Newa --

New Yo-tk Herald Tribune---

New York Journc:zl.American --

New York Mirror _____ _ 

New York Daily N•w• ----

New York Poat -------

The New Yort Tim•• -----

The Worker--------

The New Leader------

Th• wa11 strzt 'igal 

Dato 2 29 0 . 1 "National Guard1an 

page 5 ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HERE!~~ ~,CLASSIFIED ~ DATE v BY SP g~ 

~ \) ;,t_ 

-- .;'<-~~~-7;_·~(T:-;:·-~: F !\~ -~~-,-~~ \c_-::\ ;;?~::·.~: ;~~··%:3 t:i:?-,: }~~ ·:-·.r7 -.:.~;.~~· .- · · "· ... , .. ' ,,··._..:;'".- ,• 

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~RDERED.TO C~Si · -~ 

1 U:rtl.l .. oo.f .. ., .... L .... I ~ 

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msmauu.:• _ ~\iiiUUI • 

loses appeal in 

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Tolson---

Parsons--- Mohr ___ _ 

Belmont---

Callahan ---

Conrad----

DeLoach __ _ 

Evans ___ _ 

Malone----

Rosen ___ _ Tavel ___ _ 

Trotter ---- W .C. Sullivan_ 

Tele Room--

Ingram ___ _ 

Gandy ___ _ 

J-\LLINFORMATION CONTAINED 

t·;C~EI~j~Ul~CLASSIFIEO l DATE_ . '84_ BY [;pg'f)Tfi rj,_, . . .,r~ c?'H: ~ 

Its ~the~~Temleld:~~-~ rs1&!' rtf 

see Supreme Court on April 5 uPheld a lower court order revotf.nc tbe ecbool'a 

charter and ordered it to close. · . .. - . 

The oehool, founded ln 193%, has long 

been under attack because of ito conu>lete 

Integration. Highlander has MUmUiated 

Negro vottr regtstnt.ton by tre.!n!n: 

I 

I>O(>ple to teach Uterac:v. Reoentl7 the 

I~ school and Martin Luther Xing Jr.'s 

Southern Chrlotian Leadership COnfer- ence announeed a Joint tralnJDi proJeet , for sit-in demonstrators.. -

Tile school and !ts directors, ..l4li:lca 

orton and Septlmi'Ciark, have also 

en&t~~ed~-~;·conmta!Jist ... In 1851 

they we'ie wended against thla charlie 

by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, a long-time ,. defender of the school, and b .. Dr. ~-

hold NiebUhr and others. - --- -----

The present ease began Iii 1959 after _ a party at the school was raided by local 

polJce and three stat! members were ar• 

',..,.ted on Intoxication ilhargia. The state 

Supreme Court ordered the oehool cloaed on the ground& that Horton had operated the school tor ·Private ~rain and that 

lntoxlcat!Di beveral[el had been 1014 on the premlae&. The Court dld not rule on another holdlnll' of the lower oourt that a 

the oehool violated ot..te '"lrferatlon la'RI: ' 

:__ . 7j 

{v 

{) t_. hJ 1 ' ~61961' ----~ 

The Woshinc;,ton Poat and __ _ 

Time• Hercxld 

The Waah1nqton Dally Newa --

The Even1nq Star------

New York Herald Tribune---

New York Journal-Amertcan --

New York Ulr-ror ------

New York DailY News----

New York Poat -------

The New York Time• -----

The Worker --------

The Netw Leader------

The Wc;tll Street Jou.mal ---- A_ Jf7_Jt:1 Date ...--._ r -v ... 

"National Guard 'I an" 

Page 7 
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Highlariae; :No Help 

There is not generally much good 

Dews from the Supreme Court, for tbt' 

South. 

But we can be pleased with_ the 

jun:.t::.' deds1on of yesterday in which 

.. ~J J{. );<;ed to review a T~ncssee 

orde!' which revoked the cha1ter of 

~;,,h1ander folk school near Monteagle, 

Tenn. 

The revocation came because of beer 

5f.>lllng there and because the Tennessee 

Supreme Court ruled that the director, 

'til~ leb Horton, had been operating the 

st:'hool for his private gain. 

~..illi~ high court did not rule on 

racial questions but a lower court judg& 

bad held earlier that the Highlander 

school had violated state segregation 

laws by having an interracial student 

body. 

Word from Tennessee has been that 

the school has taken out a new ebarter 

and plans to open a new center in Knox. 

ville to carry out the "Highlander 

ideal." 

Highlander school has been an adult 

education organization which. followed • 

line much to the left of center. In the 

present troubled condition in the South, 

we can get along without such an in.sti. 1 

tulia& . . _ • j 

rltL: 28!..:... If, 

AlllriFORMATION CONTAINED 

NO"' "'"~'"I'?.DEJ') 

184 OCT 25 1961 

HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED ~-

DATE.Jj &j'B4 BY liP A"A'Jt 

;)Cf 

--. 

Bilti-liKGriAM 

10-lu-61(Editorial) 

Birmingham, Alabama 

Editor - J~i2S E. J>liLLS 

BII OFFICE. 

@ 

l!IGHLANDER FOLK SCI!OOL 

IS- C 

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'> .. ,.:- .>.:;"' 

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' O:m CORE Training-) 

C~nrlllil i~\ Tenne§§ee l 

MARYVILLE, Tenn., JuM,Putney, Vl, said he and his, 

20 (AP)--Twenty-elght young wife were conducting the 

white and Ne~ro men and classes. He .said he was direc· women were jailed here early ~- • tod<ly after a sheriff's raid on tor of the . o!lh·South Smoky 

their Smoky Mountain area ~ount~~ orkshop, a,branch 

training camp sponsored by of the'fii blander F 

'frotte'!." said he ndded the SchOol lost its state ~harter 

, _ 3i~~ge~~~~t~e;~~~~~e~~er-~in~~oxv;~~c!al Highlander I -. - ... - · camp after complaints from two years ago when ft was . · nearby Townsend resident! of situated near Mon.teagle, ; · disturbances at the tents and Tenn. Its operator, Myles Hor- ; r·· -.·_ rat:Jins at L~e edge o! the ·ton, has since opened a schooll: r~---. + Great Smoky l\lountains Na- in Knoxville... . ; ~ _. -~, tio:1al Park. Trotter said another batch 

".,_ ..,, Tr.c 28, ran;:;ing in age from o! students was due at th~ 

,- ;:'_:: 16 to :7, :;.re being held on an camp June 23. ~ -- --~ open charge pending the ar- The sheriff confiscated 

' · --~ };-1~·al of FBI officers :from pamphlets from the camp, in· 

f'C:;:. ·;_ Knoxville, Trotter said. eluding lnstruetions on com-

!:·~·. . :%· ~\Iost of those arrested were batting police dogs and fire r:"·"· from outsode the state, Trot- hoses. Some whisky was also 

~ ~ ter said, but two boys were seized. . f ~-'~·: ~- ~~ from Oak Ridge, Tenn. In· The camp had been operat· 

t*;: . =i ~i~ct~cgw_;~reg~~~ :f~:= ,!~~~ ~~S:o~s:~ tda;'~u~~~e ~!~ ~ -· · -~ men and 11 Negro men, most camp sponsor as CORE and · 

•. -~ • · 0 ~o~~r~=;, Gustafson. 27, ~l e~p Confere~ce. · _ I - . -. . . -.... u_-

('. 

"Q . ' 

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The Wa•h1nqton Po•t and 

Time• Herald 

The Wa•htnvton Daily New• __ 

The E•entnv Star -------

New York Herald "TrU::~une ___ _ 

New York Journal-American ---

New York Mirror -------

N~ JJ_ A_. New York Daily Newe 

/.::; // • "f" New York Po•t --------

~~··:~-.·.;·~ of them from eastern states. the Southern Christian Lead· b .·- ..r:t. 

NO'f R~\X)RDE}J . 

102 JUWZ~to,;~ . 

C: : Th• N•w York Tltne• -----

· .. ~~The Worker---------

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The New Leader -------

The Wall Street. Journal ----

.. The. National Obeerver -----

.; 1 Dat• --~---------

JUN 2 1 1963 .~.: i -

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F"D-350 (4-3-62) 

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1\~ . ... ........ 

Mr. B~lmunt 

Mr. Mohr __ _ 

Mr. Casper __ 

Mr. Callahjo.n_ 

M nr a ... V 

ach .... . 

Mr. Evans--. 

Mr. Gale. __ _ 

Mr.J!~n.:,;-­

Mr.~~n. 

Mr. Tavel __ 

\h·. T!'"Ott~r--

Tele. Jt..:)(;DJ __ _ 

Mayor Answers Bible Class All INFORMATION C 

City Lacks Authority ~~~~IN 1 &UNCL~~~~--------... 

To Ban Highlander ·· · ~:!'.c:~:.~~~~;;~:::.'ate.) 

I The state issued the charter charters or licenses to .corpor~ to the Highlander Research and ations or .schools. They .. n: isi Education Center here and only sued by the state ... ana conI the state can revoke it, Mayor sequently, if they are revoked, 

1 John_ Duncan say~. they must be revoked by the : ~h1s was the gist of a letter granting authority." 

~~~~~n b~f t~hee ';~~~~atoC~~t~~ ·. 'Would Welcome Evidence' 

Fo~ain City's Central Baptist ~r .. Du.ncan. in his letter, 

,.etlurch. .

1 

satd 1t might be "worthwhile" 

This was a response to 8 re· for Atty. Gen~ Cla~ence _Bla~k· 

nu~ft bv the class that the city 1 burn to conduct an mvestlg&tJOn 

'~padlock the doors and revokf oi Highiander, "because if one 

the license" of the controversial were held it is possible that 

nnl.€r l1eaded by Myles Horton. some individuals who did have 

J 

'Greatly Concemed' i~formation concerning viola· , . !IOns of the law would 

' We c e r t a I n I Y have been forth and divulge this tnforma. 

ea_tly concet;~ed about ~ o~- tion in a public investiga· 

atwn of thJ.s plac~ smce Jt tion . . _,. has been in Knoxville," t be . . mayor wrote The mayor sa1d be 1s not 

He noted that he served on an :·pleased•.' th~t ••this. individu~"' 

American L e g i on committee" 15 o~ratmg ~ the .~Ity. He satd 

.. many years ago when it first ~---•~• ~~~~g ~ ... ~~?~~ary asked the State Legislature to wun~ •u1 un:: .;Ja.~tt:~.Y .,.;;part• 

investigate the Highlander Folk ~ent. He also s~1d he ~ld 

School while it was located at welco!»e any ev•dence or 111· 

Monteagle." forma~on that you or anyone 

However, Mr. Duncan recalled e1se !J!Ight have conce!"inl any 

that nothing was done by the VIolat!on, of any ordmance of 

town of Monteagle nor by the the City· . 

Legislature to close the school Contributions Tax-Exempt 

at Montea~ He said he is sure that the 

-~ City DOesq't Charter Bl is "diligent" in any matter 

fli Said Z t·a t e '-attorney concerning "subversive activi~ 

gl!ntrs:i re. -· -· the ·school's !:;.s. .. · __ ·_/~-~-~!~- n'-o!~ ~~~ ~rter .... o.W!Je· pa.s.i~);.h h,at the reae:aJ aut?unut::i nne: a~uf S®-11 was- ng bee~egally re~og:n!Zed" th1.s place as an mt04iime Qf.ih(£tuden~~ visi· Jlltutton that IS tax exempt and . to~ at ~."'":_"=""~-- ·~- ...... - people wh~ desire to make do· 

"Some 10 ·days after the state natJOns to J.t ca~ take. credit for I 

revoked the charter," the may· ~uch donat1?,n m thetr Federal 

or's letter continued, "for some mcome tax. 

u"bown reason, the secretary The mayor said, "Neither the 

of state issued a new charter city, county nor 1tate of Tennes: 

under a different name to the 1ee can act on an assumptlo!tt same individual (Mr. Horton) and •II legal authorities ill 

who had he a de d the school Knoxville that I have discussed 

while it was at Monteagie. \this matter with agiee v.-ith thi; I ,.. ;'The cit.Y . . , does not issue 100 ;per ~ ':_ ... : ---:,.-' 

__L_ THE KNOXVILLE NEI£-

SENTINEL 

_KNOXVILlE, TENN. 

Date' . 7/24/63 

EdiU.Of!.+ HCME 

AutPo.r: 

EdU~ !DYE w. MILLER 

Ttne,HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOO: 

., 

Clasalfication: 61-12 

62AUG 61963.~ ------
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F·D-3:.c (4-3-62) " ·~ -·, 

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(Mount Clipping In Space Below) 

DVNCA.N SA.YS- · 

City Lacks A utltority 

ToPadlockHighlander 

The city does not have the be worthwhile for Atty. ~. 

authority to padlock the doors Clarence Blackburn to conduct 

and revoke- the license of the an lnvestigltion of the center. 

Highlander R~search and Edu- The mayor said that "he is not 

cational Center, according to f! pleased that this indiv1dual is 

f

tter received by the Daraca operating in the city". He fur- , 

lass of Central Baptist Church ther &tated that he •'would wei- , 

f Fountain City from Mayor come any evidence or informaohn Duncan. tion that you or anyone else 

The letter was the result of a might have concerning any vio- , resolution drawn up by the 70 lation of any -ordinance of the 

members of the class petitioning city ... 

the mayor and City Council to The mayor · c o D c I u d e d. 

put the center out of business. "Neither the clty. county nor The mayor in his answer to state of Tennessee can act on the petition said the state issued an assumption and all legal au- the charter to the center here thoritles in Knoxville that I have 

and only the state has the power discussed this matter with agree 

to revoke it. with this 100 percent:• 

Highlander, which moved to • ---·1 

Knoxville in 1961 after ita char· ' 

ter for a similar school at Monteagle was revoked, Is under the · direction of Myles Horton. 

I • Mayor Pun can said It might 

w 

cv 

.... 

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c:r c~ !""1 

s:: <.I"' 

. "" :.~~ :;·JOOMATION CONTAINED 

HEREI~~S ~NCLASSIFIED DATE u 61 BY cY"§~~ 

' 1963 .'-<. 

-- -.~ -~--~?~~~- ~~~r7m_, ~~~K.~~r.:~~-·;rr.· .. -~.··.·~/?:t.<.:\~"t-.(:?~:t~t:~~::-.:.~-~- ~?;~_:s>~ ::~_; ::\~.~:.~-~~~> ~-, -; .... , .. :.-. ' _,., 

{Indicate page, name of 

newspaper, city and state.) 

..l_ THE KNOXVILLE JOURNAL 

KNOXVILLE, TENN, 

Date: 7/25/63 

Edition: FIDAL 

Author: 

Edlto?J._ Gljy Lo SMITH 

,.. u.ni.lGlil.Al1D_t;!l_}'OIK S CH O

J • -----·-

' ·' ' . 

Character: 

o, 

Clanification: 61-12 

Submlttlnq 0111ce' KNOXVILlE 

1-J£/~ --•.. ~n. NOT RJcroRm--

191 AUG 2 1963 

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f"D-'350 14-3-62) (';·:. 

(J ' 

(Mount CIJpplng In Space Below) 

\lffghiander on't 

1 Get 'Witch Hunt' 121 ~~kburn Needs 

Proof of Violation 

The attorney general's office 

d1·es not plan "a witch hunt" 

investigation of the controversial 

Hi,gh!ander Research and Edur:o.1_it•r2.l Center here, Atty. Gen. 

C'8rencc: Blackburn said today. 

.1.<t.1 l)r J£Jhn Duncan explained, 

, yesterday that since the state i' 

i"~~~ed ~ne renter's charter ~~. .;~"': tnt! ~L<ne couid revoke it, l j,~nigh~ be worth while" for Mr 

'~ · ·- _ l !- ·._. ;·n' s office to con dud 

ijl\ t:stigation. . 

,\1, Blackburn said if any r· -. ,, <)r citizen has informa- J 

Tl· •n of a violation of any state i 

I .. would be glad to bring' 

i1 /,cwre a grand jury. He said 

i: ~~ not wise for a grand jury 

\C, ;··· DUt on its own and· investi· 

gc:t~ a matter. 

£vidence Necessary 

"ln ,the recent bootlegger 

liquor probe here, we called in 

ever~' Tom, Dick and Harry and ~·rJ.~r',... thM we s.ccomplished 

w ::-_,.:t;, Mr. Blackburn said . . '"J..'e ~Ped offlcers to investigate 

! and bn;,g the evidence and testi-

. _, .. ~ .,~.--;~_,re the grand jury 10 

~-::.- act as a result of 

__ .JHII.•. uis, Horton .,.'J•IIollo---

PoJice Chief French Harris; 

· and Sheriff Carl Ford said they 

1 spent about two hours earlier 

this week talking with Myles 

• H o r t o n, bead of Highlander 

Center, and could find no laws 

t violated by the .achooJ or its 

1 activities. He said no violations 

, have been repo~ to the po- . 

lice department. 

"rm sure the FBI has had. 

. activities there under surveil-~ lance in the past and Internal 

Revenue agents have had to investigate the operation, as funds 

i

tained by .Mr. Horton have 

en tax-exempt because t h 

hool is operated as a non r o fit organization."' Chit 

arris said. ' 

"We will be glad to iRvestigate any legitimate complaints 

at the school, but I can find 1 

nothing that would indicate any. 

Jaws are being violated there.· 

Just because an organization or I 

person is doing something that 

, doesn't agree. with the feelings 

' of certain other persons, doesn't 

. mean that organitation or per-

; son is violating a taw. And we 

don't intend to make arrests 

1 unless persons are violating the 

law. -

"Mr. Horton told me he had 

been· an integration worker for some 30 years and that his organization had nothing to do with 

Communists and that he cer- . tainly was not a Communist nor 

was anyone that worked at the • eel,'' Chief Harris edded • 

I 

1 !'1<:\yur Uuncan also said be 

1

,.· \':ould welcome any information '·1 ~: , ... t , r, .;rf'·ning any violation of any 1 · ,.. ~ ... 

· (· t , c·"dinance by Highlander I · · ..:r1 ("""'<) "'el. Mr. Blackburn said 

tw v •1u •d. need valid information, .$. - S l • u not just strictly hearsay, l U: '~· At' :I...V /} f 

qf a state VIOlatiOn to prosecute. ~ 14( { > !.;~:.:! ~:s.:~~_rec•i•ed '"Y All INFORMATIOt~-CONTAINED 

•. (~"·· " ~~lr '•J \-,.' -

HEREIN 1$ 4NGLASSJFIED ~ 

DATE~_BYSP§fj~ 

(Indicate paqe, name of 

newa:paper, city and state.} 

' . 

_KNOXVILlE, ENN. 

Dot':' 7 /2rj/6) 

,Edition' HeME 

~,;thor: 

Ed!~ IDYE 1tT. MILLER 

Tiue,HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOO 

Character: 

0' 

ClaaaHtcation: 61-12 

SubmltUnq Office: KNOXVILL: 

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NOT RFWORDilD 

191 AUG '5 1963 

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• FD~750 'Rev. 'l·l'6-63) 

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· ·ciub's Prog:RE'SS ~------

ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

I IREI~JS f~~LASS!FIED ~ DATE & BY ,sPjil3](Jl~ 

(Indicate paqe, name of 

newspaper, city and •tate.) 

Page JB 

The News and 

Courier 

Charles ton, SC. 

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Date• 8-l9-6S 

Edltto"' Thoma. s R, Ha.rin 

Author: 

/':' 

:HIGHLANDER 

. EDUCATION & ., ESEARCH CENTER 

Claoolflcat!on• INFO CONCERN 

Submlttin9 Office• Savannah 

0 Be1nq Investiqated 

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--ED NOT - Itt.r.OltD / -

191 S£.1' 1<'> \964 

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• ( 

• lly CIIARLES • '--' 

Esau Jenkins s"lo:S""v'L.~~;; through the Progressive Club 

Center with pride, a p r i d e which Is best understood when 

the Negro leader contrasts the 

recently completed otructure i 

with the humble origins of the 

organization back in March 

1948. 

At that time - more than 15 

years ago - many of the Negroes were still living on plan· 

tations while. others were small 

farmers or · sharecroppers, he 

uplained. 

"The only organization then 

1Vas the church," the John'• .1~1dr11.i man said. "They - the 

small farmers - bought their 

seed 2nd fertilizer a bag at a 

time. U they could pool their 

money, they could buy a lot of . oeed and a good bit of fertilizer 

and save some money. 

"Often these people were in 

tmuble with the law. U they 

progressed - not just financially, but also spirtually and 

"'"ce!Iy and in every walk of 

life - they were not as likely 

to get In trouble with the law. 

And il they did get In trouble 

for their beliefs or what they 

thought, the group would be 

there to help them." 

TI-Js was what Esau Jenkins 

had in mind when he called 

"eight or 10" of his neighbors 

together and formed the Progressive Club. The first meeP!'g 

"" devoted to uamining the 

word "progressive'' and its 

meaning for the John's Island 

community. 

One of the first problems 

faced by the group was the need 

for literate and politically in· 

formed citizens. All of the members of the club either had to 

be registered voters or had to 

agree to try to register if they ~ · • .~c-;::.Jns, his speech flaM 

vored with rare traces of Gullah, pointed out: "From the 

start we otressed registration 

and voting. I lmew you could 

get what you needed if you had 

tho votes. The politicians - they call them the 'power structure' now - list~n to the people · who vote. So we taught that 

participation In government wu ~essentiaL. 11 • 

o· 

I ,1 ! 

REAL I(..,.OUL BCD =I 

At that time the Negro leader operated a bus line lo 

Charleston for Johu's Island 

Negroes, a line that once in· 

eluded five buses. Seeing the 

need for a citizenship school, 

Jenkins began teaching his passengers on the bus, "a 

convenient place for mteting.'1 

"One day in mid-1948," be relates, "one lady, Alice Wine, 

aaid 'Mr. Jenkins, I can't read 

these words, but as you teach, 

these people I will memorize. 

Not long afterwards I took them 

down to register, a large group 

f

f them. But I didn't lmo 

where to put her In the line . 

as 10 scared they. would catc 

r not able to read. Finally w 

put her about in the middle. 

"When the lady In front of 

her was taking her test, she 

mispronounced one of the 

words I believe it was 'mis- cegen~tion.' Alice quickly corrected her, and the lady at the 

registration center told her, 'All 

right, no coaching.' I was so 

surprised I didn't Jmow what to 

:do. I "When Alice's turn came up, 

they ran her on through. Yet I 

if they had shown her the word 

printed on a page. she wouldn't . 

have known what It was. 

In the years that followed, the 

Progressive Club held monthly 

meetings - with monthly dues 

of 25 cen\1. · ''That's bow we 

found the people who needed 

help. We arranged for them t:! 

come in two nlgh\1 a week. 

He went on to explain that people with similar difficulties 

were grouped together. 

Problems began to develop for 

Jenkins and his pupils: "So 

many persons needed help. I 

Just couldn't help all of them. 

Well, Septime Clark (no.y !'ssociatt.d with Southern Christian 

Leadership Conference) wu a 

school teacher here. She uked 

me to go to Highlander Folk 

School with her. I didn't want 

to go-this was back about 1~ 

-but she said Myles Horton (di· 

rector of Highlander) might be 

able to get me aome belp for the 

work on the island. So 1 fmally •.. , •.. - ~··~ . 

( 

· • VISPI'S BiGJn •. AN11tt'Fr, "It was a two-week United 

Nations workshop on school Integration and human relations. 

On the last day-just like at 

the workshops we have herethey !qrned to us and asked· 

1

• hat are your pr. oblem?~·' ew the answer to that 

hen my -turn -came I to 

em. I told- them we bad 

~any people and not enough 

time or enough money for 

teachers and no ploce to meet. · "Myles asked me: 'Do you think you can get them to go 

back to school?' I told him that 

wasn't the problem. We had 

more than enough people. Myles 

'said he would see what he could 

do. 

"The Field Foundation gave us 

a grant for two years. The first 

year we went to Wadmalaw. Bernice Robinson was 

teaching on John's Island. Then 

we set up an adult citizenship 

boo! on Edisto. They met~· church buildin .. g. o_ n wa_ dmala 

.1 d in-~ _center on Edisto. • 

eded a building on John'a 

18nd." , .. -

And, consequently, In the midfifties the Progressive Club bor. 

rowed money and bought an old 

school buildmg on the island. 

"After the fellows at the Progressive Club saw how the 

school house was working outthey saw how oor boys were 

more oyt of trouble- I told 

.• 
tfiem we rieeded a ne.ruutidh2g.: 

You know: a place where they\ 

could come ~p<I play basketball, 

·table teiinis, Jkate, ·and have 

-workshops in 4'1tizenship, a n d 

bri.lig ptople in from the outside. Our people might listen to 

someone else a lot better than 

they'd listen to me." 

But something else was bothering the group's leader. In the 

eight years of the group's operation, no charter bad ever been 

sou2hl. So on Dec. 11, 1956, upon 

the "club's request, the state- is-~ sued a charter: u. ~ • to form a non-profit 

cJ,ic, educational, and social 

association. The o_bject of which 

shall be the creation and nromotion of clean and wholesome 

recreation among the Negro citizenry of John's Island, Charle .. ton County, South Carolina; to 

curb delinquency -among its 

juvenile citizens and to develop 

high moral standards in its 

social activities; and to this end, 

and any other things to purchase 

property, or place of association 

and such other accommodations 

as may be neces..<a-ry o-r conven~-­ ient for the transaction of its 

business." 

. FEARED OPINIONS -· Jenkins continued: "I wa ~raid that white folks would n HI. .. ,n., .. ~ 11.Jlnl h., u. .. a ., .. .,......;R..A • ;~h'C U!Ca, ~~.~.~ .u~ nu.o7 "...,..t',,."'"""'j (We owe a lot to tnany who 

Obeloed us-like Mr. \'ardell l.b JilL"• who >tO) on _-.e ,truste"- f>oard. _ -~ . , _. : "Our ,.tlools were" once five . miles away and t.Lte , clilldren had w-walk. In had weatJ>. ~ many children missed school 

ADd phs;nces were lrilhf _ We - -- .·_; 

..... ;"'-'·~. , 

0 

lWlllltM' a consolidated IChool at the Progr"'!Jive -C!~ eetii£A 

with classes going through the Larger In Jl1lfllb<!r - about. 

bigh ac!Wol l!I'ades. And our lOll - Is the John'a Island 1mchildren needed transportation. provement Committee, also a' 

"We got a bigh school out on child of Esau Jenkins. Ialand- 1 

John's Island even before James wide In membership the com-' 

Island or Adams Run or any- mittee limi\s Its functions tD · where else, And it was throueh _.!_...: ___ ... :_.a:~-

our efforts at the ProgressiVe clvlc ac~v•yee;. , ' Club." _ A .native, of John s Island, 

. Returning to the subject of a Jen!<ifls has had a successful 

new building the active, busmess career. He said he atyet humble, leader continued: tended achool through the aev-

"1 ·ikP. 1 ~:~id-WP needed anoth- enth gt'!ide, but. - as ~ adult 

\e; b~il~ii~g_- we -n~ed-a- Store -: contmued ius educaUo~ it 

to handle expenses, a gym for rught classes conducted by the 

the young people, and sleeping Rev. G~es C. Bl'()wn, a veter-' 

quarters 90 we could put up an John s Island clergyman. 

groups that came here. Our MOTEL OWNER _ store is 30 by 50, the gym is 75 The _N~gr? leader ~ ~ .~. by 56, and the sleeping quarters a small fru!t store on t'l'eSIGent 1 

are 10 by 72. We can sleep from Street, but m more recent years 1 

19 to 27 comfortably. That's why he has operated the. J and P; 

our workshop Is limited to that Motel 81ld Cafe on Sprmg Street:, 

many people." His civic work has not been , LAST LAVGII limited to the Progressive Club; 

' "Oue of our members " he ~e serves as a board membe~ said with a wry grin, "toid me of Highlande~. Southern C • 

'I hope I live long enough to see llan Leadership Conference, an 

that wall go up.' And I said •y ou South Carolit}a Conference o 

won't live loog.' Richard E. Human Relations as we.lJ, as 1:'1-1.1 .. h .. t ...... .o~ .. ., uri+h t.l!;. nnn._t ,.._. - -

:i:'.'t"~~';,h~~e"b~· ioit'hat~he 5teering cor:unittee of the 

Myles (Hortnn) helped us too. harleston NAACP. 

We starte~ .build\Dg in October In addition he is president of 

1962 and fmlShed 11 about March C . ti , c it tee of of last year." _ , he ~ zena omm 

gr';:~~gh J~~ y;s ;!;,J::iK~~:es~~~h C~u.~~o~o~':~e~ ofsmall,and today mcludes aboutf. th . up has concentra-ted n to )8 persons. More or less :LC6, e gro 

limited to a certain area or 

of John's Ialand, the club -JBi---

not .only civic but also businessoriented. It ·Is fm~ced today, for the most part, through r&o' 

~ehrts from the store it a"Qj(rates 

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L 

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ns effort'S mi voter reg"rstrabon! I 

"You would be surprised at 

what the Citizen.s' Committee 

has done' In the political education of our people." 

Jenkins claims the group has 

been especially effective in combating the sale of votes: "In 

our monthly meetings, we tell 

our people to watch out for 

those people who come in just before election year. The reason we've been so effective in 

fighting people who sell votes Is 

we're a county-wide organization ...., every section of the 

county has a branch of the 

Citizens' Committee." 

OFFICIALS AID 

He is proud of the group's registration record, but adds: 

"A Jot of credit can go to the 

county delegation and J. Mitchell Graham (chairman of County Council). They have arranged for a voting machine to 

be put in our headquarters here 

frequently so we can teach pe<>- ple how to use it in voting. They 

have never charged us a cent. 

They have been very nice ·to 

us." 

Married at 17. Jenkins is the 

father of 13 children. Seven are 

now living, including an Air 

Force captain and three teachers. He lives next door to the 

Progressive Club Center in a 

modern brick house. 

And every today he envisions 

a larger role for the club he 

has nursed for so many years: 

"Since we started the Progres- sive Club on the island, you can't see our voung people mak· 

lng trouble like they used to. 

They used to race up and down 

the road. Now they have 

something constructive to do. 

Now they come to me and want 

to participate in ttw, prOI!'"am. . "Our big need is a full-time 

paid worker to have a program 

In the afternoon. I just don't 

have the money or the time. 

We need a oupervloor to run 

the recreation center and prtr 

gram. We have the peG: 

pie; they're wllllnK to foJiow. I 

believe I can lind the per1011 If 

1 f'P !net fln6 0e " 

' A 

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' 

' ESAU JENKINS OF JOHN'S ISLAND 

He has served as president of Citizens Committee for five years. (Staff Photo 

by Eyans) 

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!.!r. Tr:>lS'ln_ 

1.1r. Belrr:ont __ .---

Mr. Mohr---·----

!.Ir. C: · ;· ••.· 

l!r. c~ :_ -_' .'>'/'! 

Ur. ('c,-·. I 

':'-i:. ,--~_.: J< l!r. i ·, 

'i:·:·<.=':;: ~:,-. r·-.-r-'./n 

~~:Kt·:~ r-:.H-:;:;" ,~-g~h---.l'a_n_d'e-::r;=<;=2···.;=;;F~~~il;::::~~;e~··ow~} ,---:;-~---4--~tf:~- ~ 

.?::~ In an effort to throw light on causes during the last generation. I, · Miss Ga~dy . }j I the Highlander Center operations Included. are ;eteran members ofJ.lkJNFORMAT N C-{)NTAJNED 

>if ~~ _.., ~~u;t~~;~he I~:~ ::d ~!~i:~to~ co~~~~~to:;~~t.a~::~~sn't zeroHEREIN S UIJC' ASSfA[O- ... ~ , ,.· '«: publishing a series of articles by In on a community unless its ownDATf.~'f,fl~ffi!~~~~'fP~~~~~ ~~~ Reporter Charles L. Dibble. special political goals are involved. ·-

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In these articles, participants 41 the Those who have defended Stalin· 

Center's so-called "workshops" Ism, praised Fidel Castro, urged 

and related groups have been given U.S. disarmament, attacked tbe 

an opportunity to describe their FBI or been directly associated 

ac'ivities in their own terms. with disciplined communists have 

'' "'"' ouy, those connected with more than routine "education" in 

Highlander have discussed their mind when they decide to invlde 

goals in terms of education and so- a community. 

cial uplift, though the word "revo- It is to the lasting credit of the 

Jut ion" crops up from time to time Negro people of John's Island that 

c< lhqngh it could be made re- the Highlander effort has made . 

Tile public should understand n .. ,t q, ... ir~l:: always seek to de-

~t·:>tt• their work in an acceptable 

~ · • "' i''hen Gus Hall, head of 

1 lw t 'w•munist Party USA, is in· 

1 ·· :c·•'- r-1 for the press, he doesn't 

'" ' ,br.ut burying the Unit-

' ' "' ': '' Instead, he talks about 

the dc,·ohpment of the "labor 

· :..·::;·"r:! .-,and "social reform.,. 

''' '!ert reader will understand 

lhat soft words don't tell the whole 

stmy So it is with the Highlander 

participaJ.ts' account of their or- • -' j.: ;·· '. 

1f nne examines the record 

hardly a dent. Esau Jenkins and 

other directors of the Highlander 

operation no doubt would like _ to 

create a mass movement on John's 

Island. But the Negro people of the 

island know better than to put their. 1 

trust in such ari organization. 

In tbeir churches and other regu· 

Jar associations, these John's Is· 

landers already have organizations 

that belong to them. They are not 

directed from outside this state. 

As for voter registration and edu· 

cation, the laws of this state are ! 

fair. A Negro citizen bas no more 

difficulty registering than a white 

citizen. To obtain political educa· 

or u;.,:o:,rder and the list of direc- tion, a Negro can read newspapers 

• ''" '-''1 >ncnsors, a far different and magazines. He can listen to ' 

:- · ·' ""'""~es. Hard core leftists radio or watch television. He has no 

. •''''" !11ghlander's former Ten- need for an outfit that finds John's 

nee see base in a steady stream Island a convenient political target. 

• •· e ;-rars. One of the visitors Year by year, the Negro Cllmmu• 

tn n·• cot ,-ears was Abner W. :Ser· nity on John's Island, as elsewhere 

c:, ,-,: : Lr Central Committee of the in this state, is mcreasing Its pros·. 

Cr:T•nurist. Party. ~don't hllHeve perity and well-being. With our 

~. -',' .','_e,n·o•t-.t~ •. e.!,e"

1

mye. re .. t~view the state government dedicated to fair •• •· • • " - < ~ play, education and better employ-

; · f: -, ~"}: s\. 4t>onsors, -ment opportunities, no Negro cltl· 

i":oi' ~~~~f..):- t!r"'!ndividuals who zen of this state need turn to some-. 

.~ "', · \:,- "n !'lip • deep in radica,l~ .-t!ll'bin& aljen Ilk~ 'Jiighlande.r.-;:..;..-. 

Page lQl. 

The News and Couriel 

--charleston, SC. 

9- ? c" "'{ 

Date: 

Edition: 

Author: 

'i- ·" "€·- t, </ 

Horning 

Edllo" Tho 'TIS. s R. Wari~ 

'~'"'"' (c Editor 

HIGHLANDER 

EDUCATION & 

Cha•ac<•" RESEARCH. CENTER 0 ' INFO CONCERN • 

Classification: 

Subm1tt1nq Off1ce: Sa vannab 

0 Beinq Jnveatiqated 

.~ 1- 7 s-1/- --- fl 

NOT 1>•'. ORD:&::D 

91 SH 21 19C4 

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FDt350 (Re~. 7-16-63) 

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(Mount Clipping In Spac• Below) 

ACCused For Many Years 

I 1-~r· . .,..~·lscm_·_ 1 l.!r. Bolmont __ ; " 1 ·•• r!",.Lr __ _ 

l · ""~-. C:'":--er __ _ -~ ·. -..r.~_, __ _ f ~- .... ('~::~2.:1 --· ... ,, __ _ ...... :! _____ _ 

. r .. 

0 

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r___ ! '""'l _______ _ 

t -- -··. ·. ~ ---- -

Director oe·nies I M·~·-::: ___ , 

'Aj_ghlander 

C'ommunistiiS :; v. t 11 ~ (' t1 .. A. j £ , ; r -,\... _ 

' r:-::-:-~___,L---:--~· \ (Indicate paqe, name of 

new•paper, city and •tat•.) ' 

6B 

The News aid 

--courier C~rleston, 

Date: 

EdiUont 

Author: 

sc. 

Ed!to" Thomas R. Waring 

THJe, Editor 

OHIGm.ANDER 

Cha.acte<EDUC!'_I')(\~-. &_. 

a• RESEARCH CENTER 

cta .. !f!catia"' INFO CONCERJ 

Subtnitttnq Otflce: Savannah 

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"Basically the proof that Jinot have Immunity- I oouldlhave never been a member,! 

~~.:o~e~nc~~~~~i.~;n~rn~~~:~~~~~--be_e_~.hel~ f.or.~.rj~~- 1: ~~ ~ 4~n'~ e~pe~t ~join-~ ---- - -;~-- :-· ---"' ·-.---~ -: -:·"' unaer oam staten mat .1 ana JUSt to tma out wno tney are·· where 1s this. No 1nvest1gative . ' · committee, no court, or any Highlander were never Commu- ~What are your own per-

~•her agency has ever come up nistic. But newspapers, lnclud- sonal rolitical convictions? 

with any evidence ihat I am ing .yours, weasel-word tbe A.- have always been a nat- or have been a Communist. thing. And I can't do anything ural democrat. I suppor~ Esi~~~r;;'!~i:_i;~igg-;;;;dha;"j!v~ ~~ut ~;;~,fc;~ 1 

J;;~J! "'::e~!i !!g !<:/a~~er D~~~c;;~c ~~~~~ accused me who didn't do it that gullible." In Tennes..,e. I was influenced . .,.ith immunity. And there is no ~But what is the basis for by my religious background as exception to that. Marvin Grif- these 'charges? well as reading and studying. 

fin, who put out a smea~ sheet A-Somebody, at some time, Q-;-Wbat political figur~ could 

agamst us, a sheet that s now attended our meeting. There you identify with the eaSiest? 

being used against Martin Lu- was a Communist in the meet- A-None. 

ther King. _made his charges ing. And the charge iR made .. I Q-Surely there could . be 

w1th 1mmumty. He could not be have no way of knowing who 15 someone in whom you fmd 

held responsible for . libel in the meeting. What I am con- something that you admire pochargcs. None of these people cemed with is what I say and litically? · have made these chaiges when do and teach. A-Well. I guess you could 

they could be held for libel. I "I don't bother to ask you for say Jefferson. It's an inexact 

aslied Marvin Griffin to make your credentials because I just tie. But I admired his creativ· 

his charges when he could be don't care. You could fake ity and imagination. 

held for libel, and he refused. them. I can't know so I just ~What do you see as the 

I ,have asked each person who don't bother. _ role of government? 

has called me a Communist to "1 don•t know who the Corn-~ A-This business of state's 

make his charges outside im- munists are. And there seems rights just doesn't hold water. 

I m•Jnity. None have agreed to to be only one way to find out It's romantic and unrealistic. 

I this. that I know of-join up. But I Rather I accept tbe responsi1 

"On the other hapd, before -~~ . ~ ___ _ _ Sen. (James I Eastland's ( · 

1~iss.) .. committee where i ti.il$t 
-•' .• : ··.~ 

.. ·~. 

\' 

:;• 

.· 

bility of th<l federal govern- eral government Is less restric- "I want to be creative. Tbat'l i 

ment. tive than the states? why I like Jefferson. This Ia '• 

"The individual mu£! be free. A-The federal government what he stood _for. This Ia whaP 

The individual must be free to IS less restrictive than the ~: Democr•tlc Pady standJbe more creative.· I believe fed· states. Otherwise, I would be ,;When I put people .in the~ era! aid to education is a free- for state's rights. I am a prag- Highlander staff, I turn them 

ing process in that it enables matist at this point. I want to loose. as long as they are demthe individual to develop his lull depend on _the umt that has the ocrallc and respect the rlghtlJ: . . power to g1ve freedom. The fed- of others. I encourage them to a 

I potential. I ~upport federal aid era! government has this, and be creative. Certainly they are' 

to the arts Slnce It would stun- I .am going to rest my case within the confines of the High-t' 

ulate creativity. there. lander policy, but they are al-) 

"I am f9r full equality of all "The government should free lowed a maximum of !lexibility~ 

men and women. Everybody people rather than restrict within that policy. Just like In i:; 

should have the fullest oppor- them. I'm a good example of this country a maximum of; 

l

tunity. That doesn't mean ev- what I believe in. I am general- flexibility is allowed within ourf 

erybody will take advantage of ly unrestricted. I am not going framework . . the opportunity to the same ex- to advocate what would restrict "I wouldn't say this If If 

!tent-or can. But government me. I would be oppused to that hadn't spent all my life trying: 

!Should assume the responslbil- which tries to restrict me. I to set people free. You can'l 

l

'ity of helping everybody suppurt the federal government build on a very narrow frame-l 

achieve his fullest possible de- b~cause I want a creative so- work. You realize the Impor-t 

velopment and thereby enable c1ety. The people who are hos- lance of other VIews. I mustn't~• 

them to make their maximum tile to the federal government let my liberty Impede someone 

contribution to society. are people who don't want the else's liberty. Any right I have, 

"Why say states? Why draw federal government to interfere anyone else bas. I can't have ltJ" · the line there? Make it counties.

1

with them when they try to if I can't give it to yo. u. It has 

I Make it townships." make a conlormlst out of every- to be built on a society of frea, 

Q-Then you believe the fed- body. m•n." , : 
.· ' ,._ ... · .. - .·, . 

. .. - o\.:-•• <:> .. :.u.; . .'.i..-·-,.,~,..;...•""'•"'".1...-"" .-,. 

·.·_.'' 

.. ";. 

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.-·~ ·_. ~ 1-: "f. J. ·..:: 

-·f<~~;-~ 

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·.- .. ·-..,::.t. 

~- .- . ·~ 

~-:.·- :.J~ 

.JJor1 oii___,.· ._:......____. ...-+--.·~ 

xp1ains ·-- -:.A-· 

Photograph ... I li;1es Horton J~ve•"'~~e~-

1 

sien of the origm ol the ev1· 

dence ustd most frequently bY 

"'""""~ char&i_lli. that H~hland· er is cornrnumstiCally onented: 

"The example used by most 

groups to say we are Commu· 

nist is a photograph taken at our 25th anniversary in 1957. 

A man introduced himself to me as a free-lance writer from 

the Caribbean and showed me 

a Jett€r to that effect. 

"Actually he was a Commu· . ni<;f n.:wspaper worker from 

I

'THE DAILY WORKER (the of· 

ficial newspaper of the Commu· 

•nist Party in the Umted States). 

His name was Abner Berry. 

The strange thing is he left the 

party shortly thereafter and. has 

been unheard of ever smce. Strange conduct after being a member of the party lor years. 

It suggests to me that he was i an agent of Marvin Griffin 

! (!or!Tll'r governor of Georgia). · "It was at our 25th anniversary meeting. A large number 

of people turned out. Sandy , 

(A.A.) Liveright (who attended 

the John's Island workshop) and 

'!Joe (J. Arthw-) Brown (presi· dent o! the South Carolina 

NAACP) were also there. 

j "Interesting is the fact that , Abner Berry is squatting down 

l!in tho nirtnrp_ The photogra):!h;. 

A 

v 

I er was'Ed Friend who said he was a commercial photograph· 

. er. I asked hlm tQ take 10me 

pictures for publicity purpol 

and so forth. 1 : , . . 

. "But he waited and wait 

1 I left~~ he·~~a;;ed· do: In thellograp~er had been waiting for,askedT about J;~t· the tlme. Tho: 

and '!alted. Then Berry came front. him. They were in cahoots - a first tlme J ever saw thorn, 

along. There weren't any chairs "It was obvious that the ho- lot of people noticed it and they \\'ere together.'' _. . 
-::: <<-{-.:.:~ .... -, ___ ·'· .' _.· ' 

:.•. 

~~~:.~~~~-~ 

~-i' ' 

f,#cc:J 

c., 

b,... •. ~-~'-~\ 

li 

. . 

' 

,. ··-.• --, 

, 

11!.· .. ·.· 

5·' 

USED AGAINST HIGHLANDER 

Georgia Commission on Education's circular said: "rictured (foreground), (1) Martin Luther King of the 

~:ur.tg-c.mery boycott and the Birmingham riots, backed up by the Kennedys; (2) Abner W. Berry of the 

:·.,,,., ci Committee of the Communist Party; (3) Aubrey Williams, president of the Southern Conference 

_ ... ·"" Fund, Inc, the transmission belt in the South for the Communist Party; (4) Myles Horton, di· 

rector of Highlander Folk School for Communist Training, Monteagle, Ten!J. These 'four horsemen' of racial agitation have brought tension, disturbance, strife and violence in their advancement ·of the Commu-

.jjis( dq,ctrine of 'racial nationalism.'" 
FD-350 (Rev. 7-1£·63) 

( 

. ,_. .\ 

' 

' 

,. Tolson--

. Belmont.-

.. ,r. Mohr--

-~·.·. (o,!per-

- ;l'. C:-Jlahan-

• 

M 1·, Conrad---·--

(Mount Clipping In Spoce Below) ~,., fl·.::Lcach--

r-------------------------------~~~~~~~~==~~~~--------------------------1 ~~r. ~van:•->~- .., • :·. G al•-----'"11'1 

I ! 

! 

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~I I 

. i 

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I 

,.;"{ ! 

._ ,;; I 

I 

,I/ ;<( 

I 

\ 

( 

here 

The center Is a 

profit training school 

rights workers, and 

criticism by se,gre·ga·timlist 

es m the South. 

i Browne will address a 1

t11eet.ing at the Friends' 

:ing House, 508 Denner, 

Tuesday night. Sponsor 

meeting is Concern, an national relations di:;cussi<>n I 

group interested in 

At 7:30 p.m. 

Browne will speak at a meeting of the Council on HulJllll Relations n Frieljds' Metqling Ho""!'. i 

---

:->. 

,, •·, 

~.i --. Trotter-

'1'-1'-'· Ro~m­

:M.s~ Holmea--

Miss GandY-

(Indicate paqe, name 

newspaper, etty and atate.) 

.!2_ Kalamazoo Gazette 

Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Date: 

Edition: 

Author: 

9/21/64 

Home 

Eduo" Danie 1 M. Ryan 

Tul-. CONRAD BROWNE; 

HIGHLANDER EDUCATION 

AND RESEARCH CEN'IER 

Character: 

., 

Cla .. JUcat1on: lQQ 

Submittinq Office: De tro1 t 

D Beinq lnvesUqated 
" . -~· 

~.;;.:~~ 

- - -·· 

-.. ·. 

~~ 

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F'D-350 (4-3-62) .. • C

._-.. \ ) . • 

\ / 

) (Mount In Spac• 

Highlander School 

Set To Open Here 

C!:orleston will be headquar- assistant director of the Highters for an extensive three- Jal!aer · ceiJter, said Ja$1 nJgh( 

month voter education workshop b bee 1 

series sponsored by the High- voter ngistratiou aa n "e · lander Research and Educat1on fectively orgairlzed'' In CharlesCenter this oummer. ton and that workers from olh-

::-_ .:'..'oc,n:c::c ci the Cilnter er southern. states would come here was almounced resterday here to study . methods used, 

by Myles F. Horton, d1rector of "tn order to be able to return 

Highlander. home-with new ideas." 

The announcement came at Mr. Browne ~tressed lhe con- the close of a weekend meeting trast between this summer's . of the 25-m ember Highlander program and that conducted last 

I

' hoard_ of directors at the center summer in Alabama and Misin Knoxville, Tenn. sissippi when outside students 

~ IIu, .uu said about 500 persons invaded .those states to aid in 

from communities throughout voter registration drives. 

the South will attend the se~-

1

, ~~uH::i l~t~re £nd return home to .. GOING _THIN~ ....• 

work in voter education ' · · Charleston' was chosen for this 

uour oiJJtrter allo"Q !'! .. 

w~rk with education programs 

only. We don't sponsor any aetlon programs of any type," be 

said. 

He said the workshops would 

be coordinated here by Esau 

Jenkins. · • I 

During the first week of the ~ 

sessions scheduled to begtn tn 

July,_ activities will be held at, 

the rrogressive Club Center on John'11 Island, Mr. Browne said.· 

In following weeks, workshops 1 will be held throughout the 

county. 

Horton 881d a recruiting program for tho oessioni here would 

not be neceJsary. 

WIDELY KNOWN r ~:-ejects.· summer'• workshop becAuse, 

· . CONSULTANTS said Mr. Browne, "Esau Jen- "We are so widely known In 

At le>st 45 special consultants kins' voter )'<!gislration program th, South that all we have to do 

irorn such organizations a1 the has developed Into a gomg thing is Jet it be knowr we are having 

'\AACP, the Student Non-Vio- and that grew out of the High- workshops and we get more ap-

;cnt Coordinating Committee lander Research Center some plications than we can handle," 

(SNCC), and the Conference of year ago." ·: --r he said. 

F e n e r a t e d Organizations He empnasized the work•hops Horton aaid word about the 

(COFO) participated In work- here will be held to educate re- workshops Is •!'read through 

,.:1-1ps during the past 11 gistered voters in such areas as churches, civil rtghts organizamonths, Horton said. ~ow to choose candidates, study- tions and by former students 

Representatives from these mg issues in an election and the who have wOrked In the civil 

and other organizations will proper exercise of ri~hts and re- rights movement. 

serve as consultants in the work- sponsibilities as reJpstered vot- A report on Highlander actlvl- · 

l 'cop; here, a Highlandez official ers. d• lor all U - month period · said. Mr. Browne ruled out the pos-'' ~'l'l:i;; -Mv. C. Conrad Browne, 1 sibility of Highlander conduct-! 

1 ~-------~--- lng voter registration drive1 1 

, lfere Ulis summer. · . 1 ~- ~~; - -_ : ,, 

Mr. Tols"" 

Mr. Be\m~l --

Mr. Mohr 

Mr. Del>' ·'1 

Mr. C:o-"· · Mr. Cal;:::·~!\ _____ _ 

Mr. Cor.->¥1 

Mr. Felt 

Mr. Gal• 

Mr. Ros•~n-/ 

Mr. 

Mr. --··'-" 

~rr. 

-- paqe, name of 

n•wapaper, city and. atate.) 

Page f!l B 

Cfu'3IL3TO!l 

S CT.rTH CAP 01111.1. 

Date: 5/16/65 

Edition: !Lcrnin£ 

Author: tnknown 

Editor: 'l'EOLAS E • -;;';.JJ"ti:·IGTJtle: 

liiG.:rLH~L'Lt 

OFl.N !illl.E 

Character: 

., 

Classification: 

Submtttlnq Office: 

SCiiOOL Su 

I I '~)~ ':__ j, ~ r'Llc c: 1-cf.;r \' i 

(;; It 

'.Y "''OT 

1_:_2.5 RECORDED II~ ALLINFO~~ATI Nd6~TAINED FlED 

I 

I 

ui£SS 46 JuN 7 1965 HEREIN I UNC ASSI ,~ DATE BY c'fP?t&J\JJ!___:_) c!NSSI,f)i ------ --·~:'::,,3-~'~';;::y;~~ai~(?J'iWPt;(~iJ~!:(I~:~:\.~l~7~,f·:y?~:7'J:~, ''·-" 
. ."• 

• 

~ -

·;§ 

~ 0 

& : " 0 

;~ 

v·:~ 

. ~.., 

·------.............. ,_ --~~ ---... 

·~ .. ·" 

ending yesterday showed the 

center conducted 31 workshops 

IR which there were 2,481 parti· cipants. Horton said an "overwhelming majority" of the work· 

shops dealt with voter registration and education. 

Yesterday's announcement was the third In less than one month to focus major attention 

ir) voter acitivity In South . Carolina. · · , 

James Fanner, national director of the Congress of Racial 

equality (CORE) launched a statewide voter registration 

campaign from Columbia on May 2. CORE plans to use a 100-man task force to register 

Negroes in the state . 

CORE REJECI'ED 

CORE's entry into the state's { 

voter registration pictur. was · rejected by the Rev. I. DeQuincy Newman, field secretary of , the South Carolina NAACP. 

Mr. Newman has been quoted as saying South Carolina Ne- · 

groes need no outside help In 1 

voter registration. ~ 

Evidence of disagreement between· South Carolina NAACP 

officials and the national office 

l

became apparent earlier this . month however, with the an· 

'nouncement that about 1,200 val- · 

unteers would enter Alabama, 

Misssissippi and South Caiolina 1

-

• to work In voter registration · projects thil. summtr. 

' 

S9Sl z Nnr 

:-:·-<-:~~ _-_;--_~--~·_:<,·~~·; ,_·_-·--·~':_:?_ -... ·!-:·~Y;::,.~·-\·.·J ,:1-7:: -~""~-.: ,-~\-< ... )>.-t,: ,k'--~':·\.·_.·( __ ,_ •• -~.',: ..,.,,._,._ -"'· _., ____ ..,.,.,.,..,..-_-_-_.-.""-..,..-~-~-: . ..,.,._....,.. __ _ 

. f-. . ,. -::~/ ; .--·-·-:-~:::.: :,;_·. ' ·_;_;?-:;"· :,:;·. /::--<'- ~-- -:· ... ',. ' -_..,_ ~-~~ - ) . ·.' ··,·. 
.. _,. 

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n, ·<t. - ~-, 

FD:350 (R!!v, 7-16-63) ( 

(Mount Cl 

A House resolution calling 

for a second legislative investigation of Knoxville's Highlander Research Center was 

approved by the Senate yesterday. 

The u p p e r chamber approved the probe by a 24-3 

vote with a minimum of debate. The Investigation will be 

launched to determine if there 

is "probable cause" to believe 

Highlander is subversive. 

THE CENTER was Investigated by the legislature In 1959 

when it was located at Monteagle and called the Highlander Folk School. 

The center's state charter 

was finally revoked on 

grounds that beer was sold illegally. The name was 

c h a n g e d when the center 

moved to Knoxville and a new 

charter was obtained. 

Sen. Fred Berry, R-Knoxville, sponsor of the resolution, 

urged its passage, saying "the 

Senate needs to stand up and · 

be counted on this matter. 

"If what we hear about the 

school is true, we should do 

something about it," he said. 

"If not, it should be erased.n 

EARLIER SEN. Jerry Agee, 

D-Nashville, had read from 

wh,!lt he said was a 1957 Congress!ODII !Jearing a b o u t a .... -

In Space Below) 

' 

"Communist movement in the 

Midsouth." 

Agee said that some people 

associated with Highlander 

were mentioned in the report , as upossible Communists." ·j 

Many legIs Ia tors have 

warned that the Investigation 

will be a "witch-hunt," uncon· 

stitutional, and "damaging to 

the prestige of the legislature." 

EARLIER THIS week the J 

A m e r I c a n Civil Liberties Co /-

Union released a statement na- ,. tionwide saying that such an 

Investigation "would seriously 

impair freedom of speech and i 

association. t 

"Such an Inquiry would have ~ 

a national impact by helping ~ 

to revive the spirit of MeCar· 

1

, thyism in other states," the 

&tatement said. 

"This kind of legislative In· j vestigation committee smacks I 

of the McCarthy era when 

such committees u n d e r the 

guise of Investigation engaged I 

in witch hunts in violation of , 

academic freedom, free \ 

speech and association guar· I 

antees of the First Amend· 

ment." 1 

The Highlander center .ba5 I 

been the target of much criti· 

cism in Tennessee for Its repu· 

tation as a training center for 

civil rights workers. ---- + + + ..,./) 

f2JUN 1 

/ ,./ '!)/ 

ALL INFORMATIO~CO~fAI~ED HEREIN IS UNClisSIFIED L?" 

DATE_s3/r. hL BY SPSi371\~ f"T"- · r:J cifi; "d ,J.. 

(indiCate paqe, name oi 

newapaper, city and a tate.) 

_PAGE /dv 

NASHVILLE 

TENNESSEAN 

NASHVILLE, TENN. 

1-

Date: 

Edition: 

Author: 

Editor: JOHN SEIGENTHALEf 

Title: 

Character: 

Cla::Htcation: / ?7)- ~~- ) 

S•bmlltlnq Office' ME~!PHJS 

0 Betnq InvesUqated 

~)-75 /1- - ;o:r p'li\OORDED -- 176 JUN 14 1961 
• 

J 
:. I/' ... (j 

". ~'_. ;/ 

~-~): ~;_:~ 

;;.~~­ ~ 

<~:t 

- ,- 

"' 

TO DIRECTOR, 

. . _,,··.··-~·i ··<  . .:·.·.·:·--::::.;_:1·--r·-.·,. ,.-:-~---· 

:..:->-..: :--:; '>;':·-:·:·-~-:-~ , .. , __ . '') _<;_,_. '"'·~ • . -~: 

~:. . ___ :.;:,: -,·e_.;.~~--~i,i.-·>i·~.;;.-. :'::~-----~~:.:;~ • ~j." .. ~~-:~.-.tJ:-{)~:-__ t~:.:-··_:-.~~~~~~ss-_ ~:,L --

• 

' -l. 

"'~ '-.l ~" UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

DATE: 1/20/58 

-~'4. 

':.,. 

. o~ SUBJECT: 

/ (. 'i-> 

\ /.f) ~ ·~ ~I <~-:;f 

~ .. -.:;.:-~: 

··4_-.;.;,_ 

'- -1 I 

1/18/58 

advised 

ALLINFORMAT NtONTAINED 

HEREIN I~ ~NCU SSIFIEDi' DATE~BY Of?~~~_) 

partial been stolen from 

the County Rock Quarry located in the Penile Community of Franklin 

• .. ·., ·,; n;; and larceny and possession of dynamite. They were 

indicted by a special session of the Franklin County Grand Jury 

e,.,, 1/15/58, and are to be tried in February, 1958 • 

..... --""' "• 

. ;~~~. ~ 

',~:A~ 

~·-.c. 

·-~ ' ' 

" '\ v \ 

' 

n~lga,La••u~·~ ~u~& School because of the mixing 

of whites and Negroes at the school. Th~ dynamite was found 

packed in a ten gallon milk can, which had been found before ~t could be used. 

', ::; - Bureau . ¥_ 

. -\ 1 - Knoxville (105_;0A) SE 2 N "'-, l - Knoxville (61-1,2) , ··;. 
': ,-- ,·_: -.. ' ........ 

--·-:· j 

\ 

-

.. • • ' 

KX 105-0a, 61-12 

For information of the Bureau, the only Negroes in Grundy County are those who stay at the Highlander Folk School. 

Inasmuch as it appears that this could be a possible source of 

racial trouble, this matter is being reported to the Bureau 

for information. 

. _.: 

. !' .. ., 

·-·. . '· 

.j ~--

' .. 

2 -
-750 12-7-79) ( 

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET 

XXX XXX 

xxxxxx 

XXX XXX 

Page(s) withheld entirely at th1s location in th<· fill'. On<• or mor<' of the following statements, where 

indicated, explain this deletion. 

0 Deleted under exemption\s) ---~­

material available for release to you. 

_____ with no segregable 

C.J Information pertained only to a third party with no rl'f(•rence to ~·ou or the subject of your request. 

0 Infonnation pertained only to a third party. Your naml' is listerl in the title only·. 

0 Document(s) originating with the ti:Jl!owing goYenuncnt agenc\(iC's). 

, was/wt..'rt• forwarded to them for direct response to you. 

Pa e(s) refe ed for consultation tp the f()tlowing government agency{ies); 

' · .5 . f 7 J·1· L L.j ... JGid--'."'-~- as tl1<' inh>mwtiun originated with them. You will 

be advised of avai abi!it\ upon return of the matLTldl to the• FBI. 

Page{s) withheld for the follmving n•asi!JJ(:--1: 

.. --- ........ ~~~~~~~-

0 For your infonnation: 

/ . 

[0 The following numher is to he usr;d for ref~"'"''" regarding these pages: 

'\\\XX 

\X XXX X 

xxxxxx 

.'itj-, -/;2 2~lf~-- v.? _____ nM Oo'" -- -----

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

X DELETED PAGElS> X 

*NO DUPLICATION FEE ~ X FOR THIS PAGE X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 

FBL/OQJ 
• 

0 

See -r.'o Yl jl. of II Sec f,'o n s 

,,; 7 51/ 
.. ,::::1 

.. ~ -----~'t\Oft 

,.....,\ B'J'llfAU or 1!'t'i~"""' ,.. r:':. .. ~•tNt Of JUS TIC' U S DEP•R•~ 

tO!I~UlUClliOHS SECTION 

MI\R 16 1959 pi 

T&L£1"ll'E 

URr.E~T 3-16-59 11-29AM JB 

TO DIRECTOR, FBI A~D SAC, KNOXVILLE 

~fROM SAC, MEMPHIS 2P J ~NSUB, BOMB T!fREAT UNSPECIFIED SCHOOL RECtl.'ltllJn 

Wir.H~ANDER FOLK SCHOOL, MONTEAGLE, TENN., MARCH TWELVE, 

= 

BOMBING MATTERS. BY LETTER 

LAST ADDRESSED TO FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, Uo So COURTKO 

NASHVILLE, TENN., RECEIVED THIS DATE, ADVISED T!fAT KE RECEIVED 

, ANONYMOUS PHONE CALL EIGHT-THIRTY PM, MARCH TWELVE LAST. UNSUB ,, 

DESCRIBED AS MALE WIT!f ROUGH AND MAD VOICE, SAID HE WAS ON HIS . WAY TO GEORGIA FROM NASHVILLE. SAID QUOTE IS NOT VlTif 

·.• 

us. HE IS A COWARD. UNQUOTE. UNSUB THEN SAID SOMETHING ELSE 

- ABOUT NASHVILLE WHICK -DID NOT UNDERSTAND AND TKEN S~ID 

QUOTE, WHEN I COME BACK FROM GEORGIA IT WILL BE MORNING AND ~~ 

WILL GET RID OF THE SCHOOL, BLOW IT OFF THE FACE OF THE EARTK'i< 

• 

IIIIIIIADVISED THAT HE !fAD LEARNED THERE WERE,iUSES FROM'iOTH 

MEMPHIS AND NASHVILLE SCHEDULED TO STOP OVER IN MONTEAGE AT ABOUT_,[ /C-
·.·· l;!<'-

; .· 

: 

PAGE TWO. • 

TENN. BUREAU OF CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION, VAS 

ADVISED EIGHT FORTY AM TODAY. HE ADVISED HIS OFFICE CLOSED 

DUE TO STATE HOLIDAY AND HE DOES NOT KNOW IF COPY OF LETTER 

RECEIVED. 111111tSTATES AS NO STATE LAW IN EFFECT RE BOMB 

TiiREATS HE PLANS NO IMMEDIATE ACTION. CIC1 NASHVILLE, TENN., 

ADVISED NINE AM. INSTANT DATE. LETTERHEAD MEMO FOLLOWS. 

ATLANTA ADVISED BY MAIL. 

END AND ACK PLSoo 

WA 12-33 PM OK FBI WA DM 

KY OK FBI KX AJG 

TU DISC 

t n· . 

'" . 

.. . . !' 
_-. j':l- - •,"-

J' . . ik .. 

To Director, FBI ~ DATE: 3-16-59. 

BOM J,4C, Memphi' (61-34) ' - ' • C - . • ; ,' :. ; " " • • 

suBJECT: UNSUB; Bomb Threag Unspecified School, .. / Received by Highlander Folk -t/7~ School, Monteagle, Tennessee, 3-12-59 D BOMBING MATTERS ' 

f\ Remyte1 3-16-59. 

. -~-

Enclosed herewith is letterhead memorandum concerning instant bomb threat. 

t;:? Bureau {Encls. 8) 

1 - Atlanta {Encl. 1) 

1 - Knoxville (Encl. 1) l - l,lemphis 
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111nibb 8taf.tll B.tpartm.tnf of JUJJtir.t 

5.ti'i.trai iittt.tau oi lnu.t11iigaiion 

Memphis, Tennessee 

March ~6, ~959 ;,_. .. ..;:·-.::.; ... : ... :_,_· ... -"" :.: . . . . . • ~ .a-- . 

. - --. 

RE:. UNKNOVJN SUBJECT; . ·. ·'" 

BOMB THREAT, UNSPECIFIED SCHOOL, ... ·. 1J 

RECEIVED BY HIGHLANDER -{;; '7(_ - FOLK SCHOOL,· MONTEAGLE, TIDlN ., ·.-3/12/59 - ,. 

·-·- ' 

On March 16, 1959, the following letter was ... -

received at the Nashville Resident Agents• Office, Federal 

Bureau of Investigation, !t was typed on the letterhead . · stationery of the Highlander_ Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee. 

.... _- ... 

"Federal Bureail of ... !nvestig~tion United States Courthouse 

Nashville, .Tennessee . . -

Dear Sir: 

"March 13, 1.959' ~-·-·· . 

t,:.- _:.. . "\ 

. :•., 

I wish to report an anonymous telephone call made . to me around 8:30 p~m., March 12 .• A man's voice,· rougn: and mad, said he was on his way to Georgia and that he 

'had· been in Nashville and is not with us. He 

is a coward .• 1 He said something else about Nashville 

.·.which 'I' did not understand, and then said, 'When· I come 

back from_Georgia .it will be morning and we will get rid 

of the school. Blow it off the'face of the earth.' 

This morning I inquired at the Monteagle Bus 

Station and was told that both a Memphis and a Nashville 

bus were scheduled for a stopover at Monteagle around the 

time the call was made. · 

-. - ·;,.- ···: . '4-.' ·.' ~ :' . .. -- . ~ .... _ ... ______ ~: ; . "~ 

. Sincerely yours,·· 

. ·--~-. ~ :i.~r"!' -_ _... --- ... _-_.-

;. "'· ;,.·· .. · ..... · .· . ·;s) 

-.-; 

Tennesse'e Bureau. of Inves 

"vn,. M, •• ::t ..... f'.\o,•• "\h ,nt:.r:. "'""" s:l .. h/'\...,""' • - - •v, •:7.,);71 "'"" v.o.-rv CLeU&e~ 

Tennessee Bureau of Criminal 

flt INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HLfiEiN IS UNCLASSIFIED 

DATE L?/to/s-4 BY &P~~w 

)57-'!-:<-

ENCLOSURE 

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Tennessee, advised Special Agent that his' 

office was closed because of a that 

he could take no immediate action as there is no present State 

law relating ts of bom!~~;Y ~=;~;~dt;h~; ~~ile it 

organization, it may have been missent . ~dress, stating there is a private detective · agency in Na.sh'\dlle, TennesJ?ee using. the name Tennessee Bureau of. 

Investigation. ..... 

On March 16, 1959, at 9 a.m~, 

lllth CIC Deta~ Nashville, Tennessee, 

Special Agent - of th,e threat. . · 

The foregoing is being submitted for your ~nformation 

nn1y and is not to be distributed outside your agency. 

·,.. 

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F"D-36 (Rev. 12-13-56) 

, ........... 

FBI 

Date: 

t> 

CJ 

9/6/63 

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Transmit the fo!lowinq in --------,;;::::--;:-:=:-::::::-:::-::7:>-------l' · ,. (Type in plain te:r:t or code) I 

AIRTEL 

Via---------

AIRMAIL .. I 

I 

(Priority or Method of l/ailill6) 1 

------------------------------------------------L------- 

TO: DIRECTOR, FBI 

FROM:~SAC, KNOXVILLE (157-36B) 

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TEN$SSEE,- SEPTBMB.llli. 6, 1963 . 

RACIAL MATTERS, BOMB THREAT 

Enclosed herewith are eight copies of a letterhead 

memorandum concerning captioned matter. r C'-

agencies. 

UACB. 

Copies have been disseminated to local intelligence 

No invosti:ation boing conductod '" ~b ~'~a~ ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED 

HERE!~ I~ Y~9LASSIFIED ~ 

, DATE~_BY&err. 

~ ~ Rrc:'1~ 7 I s::J: <f_':J _3 ~ "'?<;) e S[p 9 --.. ~ ~ 1963 ,... ~(;¥ 

-- 3 - Bureau (E~.-8) 

1 - Knoxville 

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Approved: ----------- Sent ------M. Per-------

Special Agent in Charge 
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1• Reply, l'foa..lb/.-.. FU.No. 

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~~~ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF~STICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 

Knoxville, Tennessee 

September 6, 1963 

UNKNOWN SUBJECT; AIIIIIIIPNONYMOUS JJ 1 

lilli E CALL TO .AJ C.... 

HIGHLAND ARCH 

C TION CENTER, KNOXVILLE, 

TENNESSEE, SEPTEMBER 6, 1963 

RACIAL MATTERS - BOMB THREAT 

:56 PM, 

Highlander 

'•;J~' nesearch ville, Tenn., 

..•• .' Fi•:_ 

.,-.' 

had called advised that he had just received an 1 from an individual who stated 

,~--

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. -.. that at 3:56 P~Se tember 6, 1963, explode at his 

institution. stated that advised that he 

considered thi oax call and opment inasmuch 

as it was even then at the remarked 

that he was only calling to get 

the matter on record. 

At 4:40 PM, on information 

was furnished to Agent f-· j(' ' . ~- .--

This document contains neither recommendations nor 

conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is 

loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 

'·'' l'·'·r·--u.·r\:1···1· A1ivt~ CONTAINED n.~- ... , ' 

HFEI~I NCLASSIFIED . ~~ Dt.TE lP BY ses-~ Q\.: n. allr-

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