Forest Statistics for the

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Mark J. Brown and Raymond M. Sheffield

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

SRS–86

MOUNTAINS PIEDMONT

NORTHERN

COASTAL

PLAIN

SOUTHERN

COASTAL PLAIN
The Authors:

Mark J. Brown is a Forester with the Forest Inventory and Analysis

Research Work Unit, Southern Research Station, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Knoxville, TN 37919.

Raymond M. Sheffield is a Supervisory Research Forester with the Forest

Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit, Southern Research Station,

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28802.

October 2003

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802
Foreword

This report highlights principal findings of the seventh forest survey of the Piedmont of North Carolina. Field work began in

August of 2000 and was completed in December of 2002. Six previous surveys, completed in 1937, 1956, 1964, 1975, 1984,

and 1990, provide statistics for measuring changes and trends over the past 65 years. This report primarily emphasizes

changes and trends since 1990. It discusses the extent and condition of forest land, associated timber volumes, and rates of

timber growth, mortality, and removals.

Periodic surveys of forest resources are authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978.

These surveys are a continuing, nationwide undertaking by the regional experiment stations of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service. In the Southern United States, the Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit (FIA) at

the Southern Research Station conducts these surveys in 13 Southern States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The FIA

unit operates from its headquarters in Knoxville, TN, and offices in Asheville, NC, and Starkville, MS. The primary

objective of these surveys is to periodically inventory and evaluate all forest and related resources. These multiresource data

help provide a basis for formulating forest policies and programs and for the orderly development and use of the resources.

Additional information about any aspect of this survey may be obtained from:

USDA Forest Service

Southern Research Station

Forest Inventory and Analysis

4700 Old Kingston Pike

Knoxville, TN 37919

865–862–2000

Acknowledgments

The Southern Research Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the North Carolina Department of Environment

and Natural Resources, Division of Forest Resources. The research was made possible through the collaborative efforts of

USDA Forest Service, FIA personnel (including those in Data Collection, Data Compilation, Analysis, and Publications

Management). We also appreciate the cooperation of other public agencies and private landowners in providing access to

measurement plots.

i
 Page

iii

Highlights.................................................................................................................................................... 1

Inventory Methods...................................................................................................................................... 3

Statistical Reliability ................................................................................................................................... 3

Definitions................................................................................................................................................... 5

Metric Equivalents...................................................................................................................................... 9

Graphs ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables ................................................................................................... 15

Index of Tables............................................................................................................................................ 15

Tables 1–49a ........................................................................................................................................... 17

a All tables in this report are available in Microsoft® Excel workbook files. Upon request, these files will be supplied

on 31⁄2-inch diskettes.

 The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement

by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.

Table of Contents
Figure 1—Forest survey regions in North Carolina.

Ashe Alleghany

Wilkes Watauga

Avery Mitchell Yancey Madison

Haywood Swain

Graham

Cherokee

Clay

Macon

Buncombe

Jackson Henderson Polk

Rutherford

McDowell

Caldwell

Burke

Alexander

Catawba

Lincoln ClevelandGaston

Surry

Yadkin

Iredell

Stokes

Forsyth

Rockingham Caswell Person

Davie

Mecklenburg

Union

Rowan

Cabarrus

Davidson

Guilford

Randolph

Stanly

Montgomery

Anson

l A

ma

na

ec

r O

na

eg

ar G

vn

li

el

u D

hr

ma

a V

cn eWarren

Halifax

Richmond

Moore

Chatham

Lee

Wake

Franklin

Northampton

Hertford

Harnett

Scotland

Hoke

Robeson

Cumberland

Johnston

Sampson

Columbus

Brunswick

Bladen Pender

Duplin

Nash

Wilson

Wayne

Edgecombe

Bertie

Martin

Pitt Beaufort

Greene

Lenoir

Jones

Onslow

Craven

Carteret

Pamlico

Hyde

Gates

Ch

o

w

an

Perqui- man

Pa

s

squotank

CamdeC nurrituck

WashingtonTyr er llDare

N

e

w

H

an

o

v

e

r

Transylvania

MOUNTAINS PIEDMONT

SOUTHERNCOASTAL PLAIN

NORTHERN COASTALPLAIN

iv
1

Forest Statistics for the Piedmont

of North Carolina, 2002

Mark J. Brown and Raymond M. Sheffield

Highlights

This report summarizes results from a 2002 inventory of

the forest resources of the Piedmont of North Carolina

(fig. 1). Current estimates of forest area, timberland area,

related classifications such as ownership and forest type,

and timber volumes are presented and compared with previous values. It summarizes the average annual rates of

growth, removals, and mortality since 1990. Although the

previous and current inventories are similar in scope, they

differ in sampling design and intensity, standards and definitions, and in methods used to determine key attributes

such as stocking, forest type, and stand-size class. Many of

the changes in methods, plot design, and sampling intensity

were necessary to increase national consistency between

Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Research Work Units.

These changes complicate the comparison of data between

surveys and make detection of genuine resource trends

difficult. However, some general comparisons are possible

where differences between inventories can be reconciled or

are considered minimal. Resource data are presented in 49

tables and 9 graphs. A summary of major findings follows.

Forest land area—Since 1990, forest cover has decreased

7 percent. In 2002, forests covered 5.4 million acres, or 52

percent of the land area compared with 5.8 million acres

and 55 percent previously. Fewer than 1 percent, or 42,000

acres, of these forests were classified as reserved timberland, mostly located in the State parks and a national forest

wilderness area. Ninety-nine percent, or not quite 5.4 million acres, of the forests in the region were classified as

timberland. Since 1990, the area of timberland in this 35-

county region has declined by 390,000 acres. Urban and

other land uses followed by agriculture were the leading

causes of the net loss.

Ownership—Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners continue to dominate ownership of timberland, despite a 7-percent reduction in area. NIPF owners accounted

for 93 percent, or almost 5.0 million acres, of the timberland in the region. The NIPF owner group is composed of

individual and corporate timberland owners. Individual

ownership decreased 9 percent since 1990, from 4.8 million acres to 4.4 million acres. Timberland under corporate

ownership increased 5 percent to 610,000 acres. Public

ownership increased by 117,000 acres to 280,000 acres.

State owned lands accounted for 35 percent of the public

timberland, county and municipal holdings made up 28 percent, and miscellaneous Federal lands made up 23 percent.

National forest lands comprised 14 percent of the public

timberland in the Piedmont. Timberland owned by forest

industry declined 48 percent, from 223,000 acres in 1990

to 115,000 acres in 2002.

Forest type—Hardwood forest types accounted for about

74 percent of the timberland area. Overall, area of hardwoods increased 2 percent to nearly 4.0 million acres. Area

of oak-hickory, the predominant forest-type group, declined

3 percent to 2.7 million acres in 2002. Area of oak-pine

increased 31 percent to nearly 1.1 million acres. Area of

oak-gum-cypress dropped 28 percent to 151,000 acres.

Softwood forest types accounted for 25 percent of the timberland in the Piedmont, and nonstocked areas accounted

for the remaining fraction of a percent. Area of softwood

forest type declined 25 percent, or by 466,000 acres, to less

than 1.4 million acres in 2002. Loblolly pine was the predominant softwood type with 798,000 acres, down 6 percent. Virginia pine was the second most-abundant softwood

type with 404,000 acres, although down 30 percent in area.

Shortleaf pine forest type remained the third most-abundant

softwood type with 132,000 acres, despite a decline of 63

percent. Shortleaf pine type lost the most acreage, 225,000,

of any forest type in the Piedmont. Planted stands occupied

12 percent of the total area of timberland in the Piedmont

of North Carolina as of 2002. The 640,000 planted acres

were comprised of 473,000 acres in pine plantations and

167,000 acres classified as oak-pine stands.

Stand-size—Sawtimber-size stands continued to dominate

the Piedmont. Although the area of sawtimber stands decreased by 235,000 acres to less than 2.5 million acres,

they still accounted for 46 percent of the timberland in

this region. Poletimber-size stands decreased as well, by

491,000 acres to 1.2 million acres. Poletimber-size stands

accounted for 22 percent of the timberland in the region.

In contrast, area of sapling-seedling size stands rose by

353,000 acres to 1.7 million acres. Sapling-seedling stands

accounted for 31 percent of the timberland. Area of nonstocked stands decreased and remain below 1 percent of

the total timberland in the region.
2

Stand treatment—The predominant type of cutting in the

Piedmont was final harvest. Final harvests averaged 68,000

acres annually, down from an average of 72,000 acres

annually between 1984 and 1989. Partial harvest occurred

on an average of 19,000 acres annually since 1990, down

slightly from an average of 20,000 during the 1984 to 1989

period. Thinning and other stand improvement occurred on

12,000 acres annually, also down slightly from 13,000 acres

previously. New stands were established, both artificially

and naturally, on 93,000 acres each year through reforestation and afforestation. Reforestation of existing forest land

accounted for 67,000 acres and afforestation of former nonforest land accounted for more than 26,000 acres. Area of

new stands exceeded area of final harvest by 38 percent.

Artificial regeneration averaged 27,000 acres annually, up

from 22,000 acres between 1984 and 1989. Natural regeneration averaged 66,000 acres annually, down from 82,000

between 1984 and 1989. Natural disturbances damaged

many acres annually; the greatest of these was weather,

followed by insects and fire. Weather damage averaged

13,000 acres annually since 1990. Insect damage averaged

9,000 acres annually and fire 4,000 acres annually.

Softwood volume—Merchantable volume of softwood live

trees declined from 3.9 billion cubic feet in 1990 to 3.3 billion cubic feet in 2002, a drop of 15 percent. Loblolly pine

remained the predominant softwood species and accounted

for 51 percent of the total softwood volume. Volume of

loblolly pine increased by 7 percent to 1.7 billion cubic

feet. However, other yellow pine species declined in

volume. Virginia pine volume decreased 23 percent to 884

million cubic feet and was second in softwood abundance.

Shortleaf pine decreased by 45 percent to 591 million cubic

feet and was third in softwood abundance. NIPF lands

accounted for 89 percent of softwood volume, down 17

percent to 3.0 billion cubic feet. Public lands had 7 percent

of the softwood volume, up by 30 percent to 243 million

cubic feet. Forest industry had 4 percent, down 17 percent

to 140 million cubic feet.

Hardwood volume—Hardwood live-tree volume increased

7 percent—from 6.8 billion cubic feet in 1990 to 7.2 billion cubic feet in 2002. Hardwoods made up 68 percent of

all volume in the Piedmont. Yellow-poplar was the predominant individual hardwood species, followed by sweetgum,

and then soft maple. Volume of yellow-poplar increased

19 percent to 1.7 billion cubic feet. Volume of sweetgum

rose 28 percent to 931 million cubic feet. Soft maple rose

13 percent to 714 million cubic feet. Collectively, select

white oaks accounted for 1.0 billion cubic feet, equal to

their amount in 1990. Collectively, other red oaks accounted for 759 million cubic feet, down 8 percent. NIPF

lands accounted for 92 percent of the hardwood inventory.

Hardwood inventory on NIPF lands rose by 5 percent to

6.7 billion cubic feet. Public lands had 7 percent of the

hardwood volume and nearly doubled to 528 million cubic

feet.

Growth—Total net growth of all live trees averaged 391

million cubic feet annually in the Piedmont. Hardwood net

growth accounted for 65 percent of all growth. Net annual

growth of hardwood live trees increased 23 percent to 254

million cubic feet. NIPF lands accounted for 94 percent of

hardwood net growth and increased 22 percent to 238 million cubic feet annually. Public lands accounted for 6 percent of hardwood growth and more than doubled to 15

million cubic feet annually. Net annual growth of softwood

live trees decreased 7 percent to 137 million cubic feet

annually. NIPF lands accounted for 88 percent of softwood

net growth. NIPF softwood net growth was down 8 percent

to 120 million cubic feet per year. Public lands accounted

for 6 percent of softwood net growth and industry 7 percent. Softwood net growth increased on public lands, but

decreased on forest industry timberlands.

Mortality—Total mortality of all live trees averaged 126

million cubic feet annually since 1990. Mortality was

almost equally divided between softwoods and hardwoods.

Hardwood live-tree mortality in the region increased 18

percent to 62 million cubic feet per year. Mortality for all

oak species combined, amounted to 24 million cubic feet

per year, or 38 percent of the total hardwood mortality.

NIPF land accounted for 90 percent of the hardwood

mortality and increased 15 percent to 56 million cubic feet

annually. Softwood live-tree mortality increased 24 percent

to 64 million cubic feet annually. Virginia pine alone

accounted for 33 million cubic feet or 51 percent of the

softwood mortality. NIPF lands accounted for 88 percent

of the total softwood mortality and increased 16 percent to

56 million cubic feet.

Removals—Total removals of all live trees averaged 375

million cubic feet annually. Hardwoods made up 47 percent of the removals. Removals of hardwood live trees

increased 26 percent to 174 million cubic feet per year.

Between 1990 and 2001, annual hardwood growth exceeded the level of hardwood removals by 46 percent or 80

million cubic feet. NIPF owners provided 98 percent of the

hardwood removals. Softwoods made up 53 percent of the

total annual removals in the Piedmont. Annual removals of

softwood live trees increased 42 percent to 200 million

cubic feet. Between 1990 and 2001, annual softwood

removals exceeded annual softwood growth by 47 percent

or 64 million cubic feet. Ninety-four percent of the softwood removals came from NIPF lands, 4 percent from

forest industry, and just 2 percent from public timberlands.
3

Inventory Methods

The Southern Research Station, FIA unit secured data on

forest acreage and timber volume using a three-step

process. A forest-nonforest classification using aerial

photographs was accomplished using points representing

approximately 232 acres. These photo classifications were

adjusted based on ground observations at sample locations

representing approximately 4,179 acres. Finally, field

measurements were made at each of the sample locations

where the plot design sampled forest land.

The plot installed at each ground sample location was a

cluster of four points spaced 120 feet apart. Each point

served as the center of a 1/24-acre circular subplot used to

sample trees 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.)

and larger. A 1/300-acre microplot, located at the subplot

center, was used to sample trees 1.0 to 4.9 inches d.b.h.

and seedlings (trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h.). These fixed

radius sample plots were established without regard to land

use or land cover. Forest and nonforest condition classes

were delineated and recorded. Condition classes were

defined by six attributes: land use, forest type, stand origin,

stand size, forest density, and major ownership class. All

trees tallied were assigned to their respective condition

class.

The cluster of four fixed plots sampled timberland at 1,186

ground sample locations in this unit. Estimates of timber

volume and forest classifications were derived from tree

measurements and classifications made at these locations.

Volumes for individual tally trees were computed using

equations for each of the major species in the survey unit.

The equations were developed from detailed measurements collected from standing trees throughout the region.

Estimates of growth, removals, and mortality were determined from the remeasurement of 881 permanent sample

plots established in the previous inventory. The plot design

for the previous inventory was based on a cluster of 10

points. Variable plots were systematically spaced within a

single forest condition at three to five points. At each point,

trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger were selected for measurement on a variable-radius plot defined by a 37.5-factor

prism. Trees less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. were tallied on a

fixed-radius plot around points 1 through 3.

Statistical Reliability

FIA inventories employ sampling methods designed to

achieve reliable statistics at the survey unit and State levels.

A measure of reliability of inventory statistics is provided

by sampling errors. These sampling errors mean that the

chances are two out of three that the true population value is

within the limits indicated by a confidence interval. Sampling errors (in percent) and associated confidence intervals

around the sample estimates for timberland area, inventory

volumes, and components of change are presented in the

following table.

, 

X s

X t

SE t = SEs

Sampling error increases as the area or volume considered

decreases in magnitude. Sampling errors and associated

confidence intervals are often unacceptably high for small

components of the total resource. Statistical confidence may

be computed for any subdivision of survey unit or State

totals using the following formula. Sampling errors obtained

from this method are only approximations of reliability

because this process assumes constant variance across all

subdivisions of totals.

where

SEs = sampling error for subdivision of survey unit or State

total,

SEt = sampling error for survey unit or State total,

Xs = sum of values for the variable of interest (area or

volume) for subdivision of survey unit or State,

Xt = total area or volume for survey unit or State.

Item

 

Timberland (1,000 acres) 5,361.2 ± 35.9 0.67

All live (M ft 3 )

 Inventory 10,576.8 ± 269.1 2.54

 Net annual growth 390.9 ± 14.1 3.60

 Annual removals 374.7 ± 24.0 6.40

 Annual mortality 126.0 ± 7.9 6.30

Growing stock (M ft 3 )

 Inventory 9,801.4 ± 82.3 0.84

 Net annual growth 368.3 ± 13.8 3.76

 Annual removals 362.8 ± 23.4 6.45

 Annual mortality 113.2 ± 7.7 6.77

Sawtimber (M fbm )

 Inventory 33,763.0 ± 1,205.4 3.57

 Net annual growth 1,505.5 ± 59.2 3.93

 Annual removals 1,211.6 ± 88.9 7.33

 Annual mortality 331.3 ± 27.6 8.33

 Sample estimate

 and

 confidence interval

 Percent

 Sampling

 error
4

Thus, the sampling error is 4.80 percent, and the resulting

confidence interval (two times out of three) for softwood

= 4.80 . 2,963.8

10,576.8

2.54 = SE s 

For example, the estimate of sampling error for softwood

live-tree volume on NIPF land is computed as:

live-tree inventory on NIPF land is 2,963.8 ± 142.2 million

cubic feet.

County statistics are provided, but users are cautioned that

the accuracy of individual county data is highly variable.

Individual county statistics are provided so any combination of counties may be added together until the totals are

large enough to meet the desired degree of reliability.

Sampling errors for key resource items for individual

counties are provided in the following table.

Sampling errorsa by counties and survey unit for timberland, live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Counties and Timberland Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

survey unit area Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals

Percent

Alamance 4.6 13.7 16.6 55.7 13.9 19.1 55.2 18.0 18.4 56.9 

Alexander 4.1 14.5 63.7 51.7 14.3 78.4 50.7 20.9 39.5 60.4 

Anson 4.2 15.5 20.3 30.2 15.9 20.4 30.7 19.6 20.5 36.5 

Cabarrus 4.8 15.6 20.3 52.7 16.2 23.0 53.5 24.6 19.6 53.5 

Caswell 4.1 11.9 15.9 41.1 12.4 15.9 41.7 16.3 16.8 45.2 

Catawba 5.6 20.3 24.5 40.3 20.4 26.6 39.7 28.8 29.3 43.1 

Chatham 3.4 13.7 15.7 20.1 13.9 16.5 20.3 18.4 18.6 20.1 

Cleveland 3.9 19.5 20.5 48.2 20.9 23.3 46.9 31.9 26.8 55.9 

Davidson 3.2 12.0 14.9 47.1 12.7 16.0 47.0 18.3 16.0 57.5 

Davie 2.7 14.9 12.9 46.9 14.9 13.4 47.8 22.0 19.9 49.7 

Durham 5.2 19.9 15.4 37.2 21.3 13.7 37.3 25.4 13.7 39.6 

Forsyth 3.9 11.7 35.5 100.1 12.5 39.7 100.1 16.4 18.4 100.1 

Franklin 3.5 16.3 17.5 31.7 16.6 17.8 31.6 26.3 27.5 33.5 

Gaston 4.3 17.0 33.1 40.4 17.5 34.0 40.3 25.4 30.8 42.1 

Granville 3.4 14.6 17.1 26.2 15.2 17.6 26.4 21.1 20.7 29.2 

Guilford 2.6 9.6 12.9 43.0 10.2 13.8 43.1 12.4 16.4 47.4 

Iredell 3.6 14.2 22.4 56.0 15.1 25.1 56.6 20.6 37.9 67.1 

Lincoln 4.1 20.8 21.8 46.9 21.7 21.8 46.9 28.7 21.3 49.6 

Mecklenburg 3.4 19.9 26.8 27.6 18.9 25.0 28.2 27.5 23.7 29.5 

Montgomery 2.7 10.4 15.7 32.4 10.8 17.0 31.6 16.1 20.0 34.0 

Orange 3.9 15.6 14.0 30.2 16.4 15.0 30.0 19.8 17.5 33.6 

Person 6.2 16.4 18.3 36.0 16.5 18.6 36.3 19.1 27.6 42.6 

Polk 5.5 21.5 20.8 36.6 21.7 21.9 36.6 25.9 29.6 59.0 

Randolph 2.6 11.1 9.1 41.9 11.3 10.6 41.7 15.7 13.6 48.9 

Rockingham 4.3 11.2 15.9 34.4 11.8 16.4 35.0 16.0 14.2 34.9 

Rowan 3.5 17.9 24.2 57.2 18.5 23.8 56.2 24.2 21.0 61.7 

Rutherford 3.3 11.9 43.4 41.3 12.3 44.4 41.3 15.0 56.8 49.8 

Stanly 3.6 17.4 25.7 44.5 18.5 28.6 46.0 25.2 34.6 56.6 

Stokes 5.7 11.5 16.1 47.4 11.7 16.7 47.2 15.1 19.1 51.9 

Surry 3.2 9.3 14.9 40.7 9.6 14.9 40.4 12.5 12.7 39.5 

Union 3.0 10.3 33.9 46.0 11.1 37.7 44.6 14.2 37.7 56.7 

Vance 6.3 22.7 26.4 35.9 23.2 25.9 35.9 31.0 30.7 44.6 

Wake 3.6 15.8 25.0 16.8 16.4 24.4 17.5 21.5 19.9 21.8 

Warren 3.3 17.6 18.9 21.8 18.2 17.5 22.0 26.9 21.4 27.2 

Yadkin 5.8 26.9 28.5 45.8 30.1 35.0 45.8 39.2 32.7 49.7 

 Total 0.7 2.5 3.6 6.4 0.8 3.8 6.4 3.6 3.9 7.3 a By random-sampling formula.
5

D.o.b. (diameter outside bark). Stem diameter including

bark.

Forest land. Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest

trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover,

and not currently developed for nonforest use. The minimum area considered for classification is 1 acre. Forested

strips must be at least 120 feet wide.

Forest management type. A classification of timberland

based on forest type and stand origin.

Pine plantation. Stands that (a) have been artificially

regenerated by planting or direct seeding, (b) are

classed as a pine or other softwood forest type,and

(c) have at least 10 percent stocking.

Natural pine. Stands that (a) have not been artificially

regenerated, (b) are classed as a pine or other softwood

forest type, and (c) have at least 10 percent stocking.

Oak-pine. Stands that have at least 10 percent stocking

and classed as a forest type of oak-pine.

Upland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent

stocking and classed as an oak-hickory or maple-beechbirch forest type.

Lowland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent

stocking with a forest type of oak-gum-cypress, elm-ashcottonwood, palm, or other tropical.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Forest type. A classification of forest land based on the

species forming a plurality of live-tree stocking. Major

eastern forest-type groups are:

White-red-jack pine. Forests in which eastern white

pine, red pine, or jack pine, singly or in combination,

constitute a plurality of the stocking. (Common

associates include hemlock, birch, and maple).

Spruce-fir. Forests in which spruce or true firs, singly

or in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking.

(Common associates include maple, birch, and hemlock).

Longleaf-slash pine. Forests in which longleaf or slash

pine, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of

Afforestation. Area of land previously classified as nonforest that is converted to forest by planting trees or by

natural reversion to forest.

Average annual mortality. Average annual volume of

trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger that died from natural

causes during the intersurvey period.

Average annual removals. Average annual volume of trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger removed from the inventory by

harvesting, cultural operations (such as timber-stand

improvement), land clearing, or changes in land use during

the intersurvey period.

Average net annual growth. Average annual net change in

volume of trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger in the absence

of cutting (gross growth minus mortality) during the

intersurvey period.

Basal area. The area in square feet of the cross section at

breast height of a single tree or of all the trees in a stand,

usually expressed in square feet per acre.

Biomass. The aboveground fresh weight of solid wood and

bark in live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger from the ground

to the tip of the tree. All foliage is excluded. The weight of

wood and bark in lateral limbs, secondary limbs, and twigs

under 0.5 inch in diameter at the point of occurrence on

sapling-size trees is included but is excluded on poletimber

and sawtimber-size trees.

Bole. That portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and a

4-inch top d.o.b. in trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Census water. Streams, sloughs, estuaries, canals, and

other moving bodies of water 200 feet wide and greater,

and lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and other permanent

bodies of water 4.5 acres in area and greater.

Commercial species. Tree species currently or potentially

suitable for industrial wood products.

D.b.h. Tree diameter in inches (outside bark) at breast

height (4.5 feet aboveground).

Diameter class. A classification of trees based on tree

d.b.h. Two-inch diameter classes are commonly used by

Forest Inventory and Analysis, with the even inch as the

approximate midpoint for a class. For example, the 6-inch

class includes trees 5.0 through 6.9 inches d.b.h.

Definitions
6

the stocking. (Common associates include oak, hickory,

and gum).

Loblolly-shortleaf pine. Forests in which loblolly pine,

shortleaf pine, or other southern yellow pines, except

longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination, constitute

a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

oak, hickory, and gum).

Oak-pine. Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland

oaks) constitute a plurality of the stocking but in which

pines account for 25 to 50 percent of the stocking.

(Common associates include gum, hickory, and yellowpoplar).

Oak-hickory. Forests in which upland oaks or hickory,

singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking, except where pines account for 25 to 50

percent, in which case the stand would be classified oakpine. (Common associates include yellow-poplar, elm,

maple, and black walnut).

Oak-gum-cypress. Bottom-land forests in which tupelo,

blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern cypress, singly

or in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking,

except where pines account for 25 to 50 percent, in

which case the stand would be classified oak-pine.

(Common associates include cottonwood, willow, ash,

elm, hackberry, and maple).

Elm-ash-cottonwood. Forests in which elm, ash, or cottonwood, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality

of the stocking. (Common associates include willow,

sycamore, beech, and maple).

Maple-beech-birch. Forests in which maple, beech, or

yellow birch, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

hemlock, elm, basswood, and white pine).

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent

stocked with live trees.

Forested tract size. The area of forest within the contiguous tract containing each Forest Inventory and Analysis

sample plot.

Fresh weight. Mass of tree component at time of cutting.

Gross growth. Annual increase in volume of trees 5.0

inches d.b.h. and larger in the absence of cutting and mortality. (Gross growth includes survivor growth, ingrowth,

growth on ingrowth, growth on removals before removal,

and growth on mortality before death).

Growing-stock trees. Living trees of commercial species

classified as sawtimber, poletimber, saplings, and seedlings. Trees must contain at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot

logs in the saw-log portion, currently or potentially (if too

small to qualify), to be classed as growing stock. The

log(s) must meet dimension and merchantability standards

to qualify. Trees must also have, currently or potentially,

one-third of the gross board-foot volume in sound wood.

Growing-stock volume. The cubic-foot volume of sound

wood in growing-stock trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from

a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the

central stem.

Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broadleaf and

deciduous.

Soft hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity of 0.50 or less, such as gums, yellowpoplar, cottonwoods, red maple, basswoods, and

willows.

Hard hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity greater than 0.50 such as oaks, hard

maples, hickories, and beech.

Industrial wood. All roundwood products except

fuelwood.

Land area. The area of dry land and land temporarily or

partly covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and

river floodplains (omitting tidal flats below mean high

tide), streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 200

feet wide, and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5

acres in area.

Live trees. All living trees. All size classes, all tree classes,

and both commercial and noncommercial species are

included.

Log grade. A classification of logs based on external

characteristics indicating quality or value.

Logging residues. The unused merchantable portion of

growing-stock trees cut or destroyed during logging

operations.

Net annual change. Increase or decrease in volume of live

trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. Net annual change is equal to

net annual growth minus average annual removals.
7

Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small

size, poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not

develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests and

land formerly forested where timber production is precluded by development for other uses.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Other forest land. Forest land other than timberland and

productive reserved forest land. It includes available and

reserved forest land which is incapable of producing

annually 20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under

natural conditions, because of adverse site conditions such

as sterile soils, dry climate, poor drainage, high elevation,

steepness, or rockiness.

Other removals. The growing-stock volume of trees

removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as

timber stand improvement, land clearing, and other

changes in land use, resulting in the removal of the trees

from timberland.

Ownership. The property owned by one ownership unit,

including all parcels of land in the United States.

National forest land. Federal land that has been legally

designated as national forests or purchase units, and

other land under the administration of the Forest Service,

including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones Title

III land.

Forest industry land. Land owned by companies or

individuals operating primary wood-using plants.

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. Privately

owned land excluding forest industry land.

Corporate. Owned by corporations, including

incorporated farm ownerships.

Individual. All lands owned by individuals, including

farm operators.

Other public. An ownership class that includes all public

lands except national forests.

Miscellaneous Federal land. Federal land other than

national forests.

State, county, and municipal land. Land owned by

States, counties, and local public agencies or

municipalities or land leased to these governmental

units for 50 years or more.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the production

of timber products at primary manufacturing plants.

Coarse residues. Material, such as slabs, edgings, trim,

veneer cores and ends, suitable for chipping.

Fine residues. Material, such as sawdust, shavings, and

veneer chippings, not suitable for chipping.

Plant byproducts. Residues (coarse or fine) used in the

manufacture of industrial products or for consumer use

or as fuel.

Unused plant residues. Residues (coarse or fine) not

used for any product, including fuel.

Poletimber-size trees. Softwoods 5.0 to 8.9 inches d.b.h.

and hardwoods 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.

Primary wood-using plants. Industries receiving roundwood or chips from roundwood for the manufacture of

products, such as veneer, pulp, and lumber.

Productive-reserved forest land. Forest land sufficiently

productive to qualify as timberland but withdrawn from

timber utilization through statute or administrative

regulation.

Reforestation. Area of land previously classified as forest

that is regenerated by planting trees or natural regeneration.

Rotten trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing

at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs,

each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because

of rot or missing sections, and with less than one-third of the

gross board-foot tree volume in sound material.

Rough trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing

at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs,

each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because

of roughness, poor form, splits, and cracks, and with less than

one-third of the gross board-foot tree volume in sound

material; and live trees of noncommercial species.

Roundwood (roundwood logs). Logs, bolts, or other

round sections cut from trees for industrial or consumer

uses.
8

Site class. A classification of forest land in terms of

potential capacity to grow crops of industrial wood based

on fully stocked natural stands.

Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having

leaves that are needles or scalelike.

Yellow pines. Loblolly, longleaf, slash, pond, shortleaf,

pitch, Virginia, sand, spruce, and Table Mountain pines.

Other softwoods. Cypress, eastern redcedar, white-cedar,

eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, spruce, and fir.

Stand age. The average age of dominant and codominant

trees in the stand.

Stand origin. A classification of forest stands describing

their means of origin.

Planted. Planted or artificially seeded.

Natural. No evidence of artificial regeneration.

Stand-size class. A classification of forest land based on

the diameter class distribution of live trees in the stand.

Sawtimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked

with live trees, with half or more of total stocking in

sawtimber and poletimber trees, and with sawtimber

stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking.

Poletimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked

with live trees, of which half or more of total stocking is

in poletimber and sawtimber trees, and with poletimber

stocking exceeding that of sawtimber.

Sapling-seedling stands. Stands at least 10 percent

stocked with live trees of which more than half of total

stocking is saplings and seedlings.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by trees,

measured by basal area or the number of trees in a stand

and spacing in the stand, compared with a minimum

standard, depending on tree size, required to fully utilize

the growth potential of the land.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for

pulpwood, delivered to nonpulpmills, chipped, and then

sold to pulp-mills as residues, including chipped tops,

jump sections, whole trees, and pulpwood sticks.

Roundwood products. Any primary product such as

lumber, poles, pilings, pulp, or fuelwood, that is produced

from roundwood.

Salvable dead trees. Standing or downed dead trees that

were formerly growing stock and considered merchantable. Trees must be at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. to qualify.

Saplings. Live trees 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards of diameter,

length, and defect, including logs at least 8 feet long,

sound and straight, with a minimum diameter inside bark

for softwoods of 6 inches (8 inches for hardwoods).

Saw-log portion. The part of the bole of sawtimber trees

between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top.

Saw-log top. The point on the bole of sawtimber trees

above which a conventional saw log cannot be produced.

The minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches d.o.b. for softwoods and 9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.

Sawtimber-size trees. Softwoods 9.0 inches d.b.h. and

larger and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Sawtimber volume. Growing-stock volume in the saw-log

portion of sawtimber-size trees in board feet (International

1/4-inch rule).

Seedlings. Trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. and greater than

1 foot tall for hardwoods, greater than 6 inches tall for softwood, and greater than 0.5 inch in diameter at ground level

for longleaf pine.

Select red oaks. A group of several red oak species composed of cherrybark, Shumard, and northern red oaks.

Other red oak species are included in the "other red oaks"

group.

Select white oaks. A group of several white oak species

composed of white, swamp chestnut, swamp white,

chinkapin, Durand, and bur oaks. Other white oak species

are included in the "other white oaks" group.
9

Density of trees and basal area per acre required for full

stocking

D.b.h. Trees per acre Basal area

class for full stocking per acre

Seedlings 600 —

2 560 —

4 460 —

6 340 67

8 240 84

10 155 85

12 115 90

14 90 96

16 72 101

18 60 106

20 51 111

Timberland. Forest land capable of producing 20 cubic

feet of industrial wood per acre per year and not withdrawn

from timber utilization.

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Tree. Woody plants having one erect perennial stem or

trunk at least 3 inches d.b.h., a more or less definitely

formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 13 feet (at

maturity).

Tree grade. A classification of the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees based on: (1) the grade of the butt log or (2)

the ability to produce at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot

logs in the upper section of the saw-log portion. Tree grade

is an indicator of quality; grade 1 is the best quality.

Upper-stem portion. The part of the main stem or fork of

sawtimber trees above the saw-log top to minimum top

diameter 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where the

main stem or fork breaks into limbs.

Volume of live trees. The cubic-foot volume of sound

wood in live trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a 1-foot

stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central stem.

Volume of saw-log portion of sawtimber trees. The

cubic-foot volume of sound wood in the saw-log portion of

saw-timber trees. Volume is the net result after deductions

for rot, sweep, and other defects that affect use for lumber.

1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686 hectare

1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meter

Breast height = 1.4 meters above the ground

1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or 0.0929 square meter

1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 square meter per hectare

1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

1 ton = 0.907 metric ton

Metric Equivalents
10

Figure 3—Area of timberland by forest-type group and stand origin, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Oak-gumcypress

Oakhickory

Elm-ash- Nonstocked

cottonwood

Oakpine

Loblollyshortleaf

White-redjack pine

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Forest-type group

Million acres

Natural

Planted

1990

2002

1990 2002

1990

1990

1990 1990

1990 2002

2002

2002

2002 2002 2002

Graphs

Figure 2—Distribution of timberland by ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002.

Nonindustrial

 private

93%

National

 forest

1%

Forest

 industry

2%

Other

public

4%

5.4 Million acres
11

Figure 4—Area of timberland by stand-size class and stand origin, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Figure 5—Volume of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Stand-size class

Million acres

 Natural

 Planted

1990

1990

1990

2002

2002

 Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling-seedling Nonstocked

1990

2002

2002

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Billion cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

1990 2002 1990 2002

Softwood Hardwood
12

Figure 6—Distribution of softwood live-tree volume by ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002.

Figure 7—Distribution of hardwood live-tree volume by ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002.

Forest

 industry

4%

National

 forest

1%

Nonindustrial 

private

89%

Other 

public

6%

3.3 Billion cubic feet

Forest

 industry

< 1%

Other

 public

6%

Nonindustrial

private

92%

National

forest

1%

7.2 Billion cubic feet
13

Figure 8—Volume of softwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

Figure 9—Volume of hardwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 and 2002.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2002

0

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1,800

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2002
14

Figure 10—Average net annual growth and removals of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1984–1989

and 1990–2001.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Million cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

Softwood

Hardwood

 Net growth Removals

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

1990– 

2001

1984– 

1989

 Net growth Removals
15

Index of Tables

1. Land area by county and land class

2. Area of forest land by forest-type group and owner

ship class

3. Area of timberland by county and ownership class

4. Area of timberland by county and forest-type group

5. Area of timberland by county and stand-size class

6. Area of timberland by county and site class

7. Area of timberland by county and stocking class of

growing-stock trees

8. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and ownership class

9. Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed

forest type, and ownership class

10. Area of timberland by ownership and stocking class of

growing-stock trees

11. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and stand-size class

12. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, all ownerships

13. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, public ownerships

14. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, forest industry ownerships

15. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, nonindustrial private ownerships

16. Area of nonindustrial private timberland by owner

ship, forested tract-size class, and forest management

type

17. Number of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

18. Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

19. Volume of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

20. Volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables

Core Core

table table

1 1 14 22

2 3 15 24, 26

3 4 16 27

4 5 17 28

5 6 18 32, 34

6 7 19 35, 37

7 8 20 38

8 10 21 38

9 11 22 40

10 17 23 41

11 18 24 43

12 20 25 23

13 21

Corresponding table

number in this report

Corresponding table

number in this report
16

21. Volume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on

timberland by species and diameter class

22. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and

diameter class

23. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size

class, and tree grade

24. Volume of growing stock on timberland by county and

species group

25. Volume of live trees on timberland by county and

species group

26. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and

species group

27. Volume of timber on timberland by class of timber

and species group

28. Volume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland

by ownership class and species group

29. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class, species group, and size class

30. Volume of growing stock on timberland by forest-type

group, stand origin, and species group

31. Average basal area of live trees per acre on timberland

by ownership class, species group, and d.b.h.

32. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by county and species group

33. Average net annual growth of live trees on timberland

by county and species group

34. Average net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group

35. Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by county and species group

36. Average annual removals of live trees on timberland

by county and species group

37. Average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland

by county and species group

38. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber

on timberland by species

39. Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class

40. Average annual mortality of live trees, growing stock,

and sawtimber on timberland by species

41. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of growing stock on timberland by owner

ship class and species group

42. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees on timberland by ownership

class and species group

43. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class and species group

44. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

45. Average annual removals of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

46. Fresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership

class, species group, and tree component

47. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and ownership class

48. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and forest management type

49. Area of timberland regenerated annually by type of

regeneration and forest management type
17

Table 1—Land area by county and land class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest land

 Total land Total Productive Other

County areaa forest Timberland reserved Other landb

 Thousand acres

Alamance 275.6 129.8 129.8 — — 145.9

Alexander 166.6 87.8 87.7 0.0 — 78.9

Anson 340.2 257.6 257.6 — — 82.6

Cabarrus 233.2 86.6 86.6 — — 146.6

Caswell 272.5 181.8 181.8 — — 90.6

Catawba 256.0 119.5 119.5 — — 136.5

Chatham 437.2 288.4 284.4 3.9 — 148.8

Cleveland 297.2 133.7 133.7 — — 163.4

Davidson 353.4 196.5 196.4 0.1 — 156.9

Davie 169.7 70.4 70.4 — — 99.4

Durham 186.0 84.0 82.1 1.9 — 102.0

Forsyth 262.2 88.0 88.0 — — 174.2

Franklin 314.6 192.3 192.3 — — 122.4

Gaston 228.2 98.2 95.2 3.0 — 130.0

Granville 339.9 188.4 188.2 0.3 — 151.5

Guilford 416.1 170.3 170.2 0.1 — 245.8

Iredell 367.6 135.9 134.4 1.5 — 231.7

Lincoln 191.2 76.4 76.4 0.0 — 114.8

Mecklenburg 337.5 85.8 85.8 — — 251.7

Montgomery 314.3 256.1 255.8 0.2 — 58.2

Orange 255.9 152.2 150.4 1.8 — 103.7

Person 251.1 145.4 145.4 — — 105.7

Polk 152.2 98.7 98.7 — — 53.6

Randolph 504.0 310.7 304.6 6.2 — 193.2

Rockingham 362.5 215.5 215.5 — — 147.0

Rowan 327.3 125.3 125.3 — — 202.0

Rutherford 361.1 235.1 235.1 — — 126.0

Stanly 248.2 105.7 105.7 — — 142.4

Stokes 289.2 187.6 181.1 6.5 — 101.6

Surry 343.4 187.1 182.8 4.3 — 156.3

Union 407.9 146.2 146.2 — — 261.8

Vance 162.3 88.2 86.2 2.1 — 74.0

Wake 533.7 177.3 167.5 9.8 — 356.4

Warren 274.4 218.5 218.5 — — 55.9

Yadkin 214.8 82.2 81.9 0.3 — 132.6

 Total 10,447.4 5,403.3 5,361.2 42.1 — 5,044.1

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a From the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990.

b Includes 76.6 thousand acres of water according to Forest Inventory and Analysis standards of area 

classification, but defined by the Bureau of Census as land.
18

Table 2—Area of forest land by forest-type group and ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest Nonindustrial

Forest-type group classes forest Federal State municipal industry private

Thousand acres

White-red-jack pine 6.2 — — — — — 6.2 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 1,358.2 8.9 5.2 21.8 18.1 57.1 1,247.1 

Oak-pine 1,071.3 9.5 11.6 38.5 7.4 37.1 967.2 

Oak-hickory 2,708.5 27.5 41.6 72.4 40.1 16.1 2,510.9 

Oak-gum-cypress 150.9 — 6.9 — — — 144.0 

Elm-ash-cottonwood 97.0 — — — 13.1 — 83.9 

Nonstocked 11.2 — — — — 5.2 6.0 

 Total 5,403.3 45.9 65.2 132.8 78.6 115.4 4,965.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding. 

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
19

Table 3—Area of timberland by county and ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest

County classes forest Federal State municipal industry

Thousand acres

Alamance 129.8 — — — 4.5 — 1.2 124.0 

Alexander 87.7 — — — — 4.7 7.0 76.1 

Anson 257.6 — 13.8 — — 32.7 30.5 180.7 

Cabarrus 86.6 — — — — — 12.6 74.1 

Caswell 181.8 — — 15.3 — — 10.9 155.6 

Catawba 119.5 — — — — — 12.0 107.5 

Chatham 284.4 — 8.7 1.5 — 22.5 22.8 228.9 

Cleveland 133.7 — — 5.7 — — 14.7 113.3 

Davidson 196.4 1.0 — — 5.8 11.7 15.3 162.6 

Davie 70.4 — — — — — 13.3 57.0 

Durham 82.1 — 5.3 5.3 5.3 — 9.3 56.9 

Forsyth 88.0 — — — 4.5 — 4.3 79.2 

Franklin 192.3 — — — — 5.7 — 186.5 

Gaston 95.2 — — — — — 18.2 77.0 

Granville 188.2 — 5.1 3.8 5.1 — 10.2 164.0 

Guilford 170.2 — — 3.2 14.1 — 35.4 117.5 

Iredell 134.4 — — — — — 17.4 117.0 

Lincoln 76.4 — — — — — 11.6 64.8 

Mecklenburg 85.8 — — — 19.1 — 22.6 44.1 

Montgomery 255.8 35.5 — 6.3 — 9.1 41.0 164.0 

Orange 150.4 — — 13.7 — — 6.9 129.8 

Person 145.4 — — — — — 26.7 118.7 

Polk 98.7 — — 8.0 — — 31.1 59.5 

Randolph 304.6 4.3 6.5 — 4.9 — 28.7 260.2 

Rockingham 215.5 — — — — 0.3 12.0 203.3 

Rowan 125.3 — — — 6.5 — 8.4 110.4 

Rutherford 235.1 — — 12.9 — 6.5 54.4 161.3 

Stanly 105.7 — — — — — 7.6 98.1 

Stokes 181.1 — — 5.4 — 5.4 9.4 160.9 

Surry 182.8 — 3.6 — — — 20.9 158.3 

Union 146.2 — — — — — 15.4 130.8 

Vance 86.2 — 14.3 — — 10.4 10.4 51.2 

Wake 167.5 — 7.0 15.7 8.7 — 31.3 104.9 

Warren 218.5 — — — — 6.5 36.5 175.6 

Yadkin 81.9 — — — — — — 81.9 

 Total 5,361.2 40.7 64.2 96.9 78.6 115.4 609.9 4,355.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Corporate Individual

 Nonindustrial private
20

Table 4—Area of timberland by county and forest-type group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest-type group

All White-red- Loblolly- Oak- Oak- Oak-gum- Elm-ashCounty groups jack pine shortleaf pine hickory cypress cottonwood Nonstocked

Alamance 129.8 — 40.3 9.4 74.8 3.3 2.0 — 

Alexander 87.7 3.5 20.9 11.4 50.8 — — 1.2 

Anson 257.6 — 100.0 41.5 60.2 50.8 — 5.2 

Cabarrus 86.6 — 22.0 9.4 48.2 7.0 — — 

Caswell 181.8 — 47.1 16.7 99.1 14.7 4.2 — 

Catawba 119.5 — 27.7 17.1 67.8 — 6.8 — 

Chatham 284.4 — 91.0 77.9 111.1 4.5 — — 

Cleveland 133.7 — 28.6 20.3 84.8 — — — 

Davidson 196.4 — 50.1 30.3 107.1 3.2 5.8 — 

Davie 70.4 — 14.9 2.1 48.2 — 5.3 — 

Durham 82.1 — 10.9 25.4 42.7 3.1 — — 

Forsyth 88.0 — 13.3 24.4 50.3 — — — 

Franklin 192.3 — 70.5 58.6 53.1 5.7 4.3 — 

Gaston 95.2 — 16.4 22.6 51.8 — 4.4 — 

Granville 188.2 — 73.7 50.9 63.6 — — — 

Guilford 170.2 — 35.5 16.2 113.0 2.9 2.6 — 

Iredell 134.4 — 4.8 19.2 104.0 — 6.4 — 

Lincoln 76.4 — 18.1 5.2 51.5 — 1.7 — 

Mecklenburg 85.8 — 10.1 22.6 49.7 — 3.5 — 

Montgomery 255.8 — 103.4 74.0 78.4 — — — 

Orange 150.4 — 49.0 41.4 60.0 — — — 

Person 145.4 — 28.9 47.9 62.3 6.4 — — 

Polk 98.7 1.6 33.4 16.7 46.9 — — — 

Randolph 304.6 — 42.1 36.6 219.3 6.5 — — 

Rockingham 215.5 1.1 66.1 31.2 107.0 — 10.2 — 

Rowan 125.3 — 16.9 40.6 67.7 — — — 

Rutherford 235.1 — 62.3 49.8 103.5 6.5 12.9 — 

Stanly 105.7 — 34.6 22.3 48.9 — — — 

Stokes 181.1 — 26.5 48.3 106.3 — — — 

Surry 182.8 — 39.1 16.8 121.0 — 5.9 — 

Union 146.2 — 8.1 30.8 77.7 25.6 4.0 — 

Vance 86.2 — 27.9 19.4 35.7 3.1 — — 

Wake 167.5 — 40.4 40.5 74.4 5.2 7.0 — 

Warren 218.5 — 68.0 50.1 86.6 2.3 6.5 4.9 

Yadkin 81.9 — 15.7 5.6 57.0 — 3.6 — 

 Total 5,361.2 6.2 1,358.2 1,053.1 2,684.6 150.9 97.0 11.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 Thousand acres
21

Table 5—Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Stand-size class

 All SaplingCounty classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling

Alamance 129.8 67.9 23.7 38.1 — 

Alexander 87.7 38.2 30.1 18.2 1.2 

Anson 257.6 76.0 53.4 123.1 5.2 

Cabarrus 86.6 47.9 32.5 6.3 — 

Caswell 181.8 101.5 45.7 34.6 — 

Catawba 119.5 57.7 31.1 30.7 — 

Chatham 284.4 88.2 43.4 152.9 — 

Cleveland 133.7 48.1 43.4 42.2 — 

Davidson 196.4 96.2 40.8 59.4 — 

Davie 70.4 32.1 29.9 8.4 — 

Durham 82.1 54.7 6.6 20.8 — 

Forsyth 88.0 50.3 25.7 12.0 — 

Franklin 192.3 47.4 51.9 93.0 — 

Gaston 95.2 56.3 16.9 22.0 — 

Granville 188.2 67.7 45.7 74.8 — 

Guilford 170.2 107.5 6.8 55.9 — 

Iredell 134.4 80.5 11.3 42.7 — 

Lincoln 76.4 42.9 11.4 22.1 — 

Mecklenburg 85.8 43.1 23.9 18.9 — 

Montgomery 255.8 78.4 85.5 91.9 — 

Orange 150.4 75.3 17.1 57.9 — 

Person 145.4 69.3 32.5 43.6 — 

Polk 98.7 68.4 9.6 20.6 — 

Randolph 304.6 121.4 83.2 99.9 — 

Rockingham 215.5 106.5 54.2 54.8 — 

Rowan 125.3 87.4 5.1 32.8 — 

Rutherford 235.1 100.2 61.2 73.8 — 

Stanly 105.7 50.1 30.1 25.6 — 

Stokes 181.1 93.2 53.6 34.3 — 

Surry 182.8 113.6 37.0 32.2 — 

Union 146.2 83.3 35.9 27.0 — 

Vance 86.2 31.9 15.6 38.7 — 

Wake 167.5 94.7 42.8 30.0 — 

Warren 218.5 51.3 48.7 113.6 4.9 

Yadkin 81.9 33.4 19.5 29.0 — 

 Total 5,361.2 2,462.5 1,205.5 1,681.9 11.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Nonstocked

Thousand acres
22

Table 6—Area of timberland by county and site class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 All Site class (cubic feet/acre/year)

County classes 20–49 50–84 85–119 120–164 >165

Thousand acres

Alamance 129.8 23.5 52.2 41.8 5.5 6. 8

Alexander 87.7 15.4 27.7 27.8 7.9 8. 9

Anson 257.6 58.5 125.1 52.4 19.5 2. 2

Cabarrus 86.6 1.6 66.4 18.7 — — 

Caswell 181.8 22.9 49.5 65.4 38.6 5. 6

Catawba 119.5 5.2 58.6 47.2 3.4 5. 1

Chatham 284.4 8.4 39.6 156.9 79.5 — 

Cleveland 133.7 15.7 37.1 46.0 26.5 8. 5

Davidson 196.4 7.8 89.3 73.3 24.2 1. 8

Davie 70.4 7.1 27.5 26.1 4.1 5. 5

Durham 82.1 3.1 10.6 57.1 6.0 5. 3

Forsyth 88.0 1.1 25.8 40.1 14.3 6. 6

Franklin 192.3 5.7 54.5 107.6 12.9 11. 5

Gaston 95.2 7.3 27.7 43.0 17.2 — 

Granville 188.2 6.4 65.9 82.6 28.2 5. 1

Guilford 170.2 9.7 66.4 59.0 25.5 9. 7

Iredell 134.4 23.2 39.1 65.6 6.4 — 

Lincoln 76.4 5.2 25.8 29.9 15.5 — 

Mecklenburg 85.8 13.8 43.3 24.0 3.5 1. 3

Montgomery 255.8 34.5 104.1 108.5 8.8 — 

Orange 150.4 5.1 53.1 54.2 36.1 1. 7

Person 145.4 16.8 81.7 46.7 0.2 — 

Polk 98.7 14.4 22.9 47.0 6.4 8. 0

Randolph 304.6 75.0 167.7 39.4 19.2 3. 3

Rockingham 215.5 18.1 73.6 65.0 25.6 33. 2

Rowan 125.3 4.1 44.3 33.4 33.7 9. 8

Rutherford 235.1 36.1 81.8 81.5 25.2 10. 6

Stanly 105.7 26.7 35.7 34.6 4.8 4. 0

Stokes 181.1 3.4 35.8 88.1 36.5 17. 3

Surry 182.8 26.6 78.5 50.9 19.2 7. 6

Union 146.2 30.0 84.8 26.2 5.2 — 

Vance 86.2 5.2 33.8 36.8 10.4 — 

Wake 167.5 22.2 52.2 62.1 31.0 — 

Warren 218.5 — 120.0 80.7 17.9 — 

Yadkin 81.9 11.5 32.6 34.5 3.3 — 

 Total 5,361.2 571.4 2,034.6 1,953.8 622.1 179. 4

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
23

Table 7—Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, 

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 All Stocking class (percent ) 

County classes <16.7 16.7–59 60–99 100–130 >130

Alamance 129.8 0.2 4.5 44.8 57.5 22 .7

Alexander 87.7 1.2 4.3 35.6 30.3 16 .4

Anson 257.6 5.2 27.9 51.1 90.4 83 .0

Cabarrus 86.6 — 14.1 33.3 20.8 18 .5

Caswell 181.8 1.4 17.2 51.1 72.6 39 .5

Catawba 119.5 8.0 18.1 24.3 52.1 17 .1

Chatham 284.4 2.0 44.7 53.0 135.5 49 .3

Cleveland 133.7 5.4 22.6 43.8 38.8 23 .1

Davidson 196.4 1.0 14.1 78.1 75.1 28 .2

Davie 70.4 — 5.4 30.4 26.7 7 .8

Durham 82.1 — 15.1 24.3 29.3 13 .4

Forsyth 88.0 1.1 20.6 26.7 33.7 5 .8

Franklin 192.3 — — 24.4 97.3 70 .5

Gaston 95.2 — 5.9 26.3 45.9 17 .1

Granville 188.2 1.3 6.4 47.2 101.5 31 .8

Guilford 170.2 2.6 3.5 35.2 70.6 58 .3

Iredell 134.4 1.4 9.8 72.7 36.1 14 .4

Lincoln 76.4 — 5.2 26.4 34.5 10 .3

Mecklenburg 85.8 — 11.3 18.2 36.2 20 .1

Montgomery 255.8 12.3 15.0 88.9 66.1 73 .6

Orange 150.4 1.7 14.0 49.0 63.0 22 .6

Person 145.4 0.5 8.4 38.3 83.3 14 .9

Polk 98.7 2.8 20.8 48.1 21.9 5 .0

Randolph 304.6 8.0 22.0 111.1 104.1 59 .4

Rockingham 215.5 2.3 22.2 69.5 83.2 38 .4

Rowan 125.3 — 6.2 40.5 64.9 13 .7

Rutherford 235.1 3.8 18.6 95.2 82.1 35 .5

Stanly 105.7 6.3 10.5 40.4 16.8 31 .7

Stokes 181.1 1.4 40.3 63.1 48.9 27 .5

Surry 182.8 1.7 15.9 71.8 71.1 22 .2

Union 146.2 1.6 21.1 78.5 40.2 4 .8

Vance 86.2 1.3 8.3 28.9 29.5 18 .1

Wake 167.5 — 22.6 40.5 62.3 42 .2

Warren 218.5 11.4 15.1 47.9 84.0 60 .1

Yadkin 81.9 9.8 16.8 26.8 25.3 3 .3

 Total 5,361.2 95.4 528.6 1,685.2 2,031.8 1,020 .2

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Thousand acres
24

Table 8—Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and ownership class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

Forest-type group All Other Forest Nonindustrial

and stand origin classes public industry private

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 1.1 — — 1.1 — 

 Natural 5.1 — — — 5.1 

 Total 6.2 — — — 6.2 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 471.7 6.0 8.9 51.8 405.0 

 Natural 886.5 2.9 36.2 5.3 842.1 

 Total 1,358.2 8.9 45.1 57.1 1,247.1 

 Total softwoods 1,364.4 8.9 45.1 57.1 1,253.2 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 167.5 1.6 5.3 29.8 130.8 

 Natural 885.6 7.9 34.0 7.2 836.4 

 Total 1,053.1 9.5 39.3 37.1 967.2 

 Oak-hickory 2,684.6 22.3 135.3 16.1 2,510.9 

 Oak-gum-cypress 150.9 — 6.9 — 144.0 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 97.0 — 13.1 — 83.9 

 Total hardwoods 3,985.6 31.8 194.6 53.1 3,706.1 

Nonstocked — 11.2 — 5.2 6.0 

All groups 40.7 5,361.2 239.7 115.4 4,965.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

National

forest
25

Table 9—Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed forest type, and ownership class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class

Forest-type group All National Other Forest Nonindustrial

and detailed forest type classes forest public industry private

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 White pine 4.6 — — — 4.6 

 Hemlock 1.6 — — — 1.6 

 Total 6.2 — — — 6.2 

 Loblolly-shortleaf

 Loblolly pine 797.7 7.3 26.8 45.8 717.7 

 Shortleaf pine 132.4 1.6 — 4.7 126.1 

 Virginia pine 403.9 — 15.4 6.7 381.8 

 Eastern redcedar 14.6 — 2.9 — 11.7 

 Pitch pine 8.3 — — — 8.3 

 Table Mountain pine 1.4 — — — 1.4 

 Total 1,358.2 8.9 45.1 57.1 1,247.1 

 Total softwoods 1,364.4 8.9 45.1 57.1 1,253.2 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 White pine-n. red oak-white ash 12.9 — — — 12.9 

 Eastern redcedar-hardwood 38.3 — 5.0 — 33.2 

 Longleaf pine-scrub oak 0.4 0.4 — — — 

 Shortleaf pine-oak 163.0 2.4 0.6 — 160.0 

 Virginia pine-s. red oak 220.9 1.2 — 5.4 214.3 

 Loblolly pine-hardwood 552.3 2.8 28.1 31.6 489.8 

 Other oak-pine 65.4 2.8 5.6 — 57.0 

 Total 1,053.1 9.5 39.3 37.1 967.2 

 Oak-hickory

 Post oak-black oak 15.8 — — — 15.8 

 Chestnut oak 113.2 3.1 1.4 — 108.7 

 White oak-red oak-hickory 426.5 7.7 12.0 — 406.8 

 White oak 17.7 — — — 17.7 

 N. red oak 2.8 — — — 2.8 

 Yellow-poplar-white oak-n. red oak 657.3 6.7 37.4 7.6 605.6 

 Sweetgum-yellow-poplar 554.8 0.8 26.2 8.5 519.3 

 Mixed hardwood 896.6 3.9 58.4 — 834.2 

 Total 2,684.6 22.3 135.3 16.1 2,510.9 

 Oak-gum-cypress

 Sweetgum-water oak-willow oak 38.1 — 6.9 — 31.2 

 Sugarberry-elm-green ash 72.0 — — — 72.0 

 Sweetbay-blackgum-red maple 40.8 — — — 40.8 

 Total 150.9 — 6.9 — 144.0 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood

 River birch-sycamore 83.4 — 9.6 — 73.8 

 Sycamore-pecan-elm 13.6 — 3.5 — 10.1 

 Total 97.0 — 13.1 — 83.9 

 Total hardwoods 3,985.6 31.8 194.6 53.1 3,706.1 

Nonstocked — 11.2 — 5.2 6.0 

All groups 40.7 5,361.2 239.7 115.4 4,965.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
26

Table 10—Area of timberland by ownership and stocking class of growing-stock trees,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 All Stocking class (percent ) 

Ownership class classes <16.7 16.7–59 60–99 100–130 >130

Thousand acres

National forest 40.7 — 2.0 14.9 15.4 8. 4

Other public 239.7 1.5 16.7 55.2 103.5 62. 8

Forest industry 115.4 6.1 12.9 15.8 40.8 39. 9

Nonindustrial private 4,965.4 87.8 497.1 1,599.2 1,872.1 909. 2

 All ownerships 5,361.2 95.4 528.6 1,685.2 2,031.8 1,020. 2

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
27

Table 11—Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and stand-size class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Stand-size class

Forest-type group All Saplingand stand origin classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 1.1 1.1 — — — 

 Natural 5.1 1.6 3.5 — — 

 Total 6.2 2.7 3.5 — — 

 Spruce-fir

 Planted — — — — — 

 Natural — — — — — 

 Total — — — — — 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 471.7 87.1 212.1 172.5 — 

 Natural 886.5 384.7 222.6 279.3 — 

 Total 1,358.2 471.8 434.6 451.8 — 

 Total softwoods 1,364.4 474.4 438.1 451.8 — 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 167.5 9.7 8.8 149.0 — 

 Natural 885.6 368.4 171.5 345.7 — 

 Total 1,053.1 378.1 180.3 494.7 — 

 Oak-hickory 2,684.6 1,467.9 532.4 684.2 — 

 Oak-gum-cypress 150.9 74.9 25.5 50.5 — 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 97.0 67.2 29.2 0.7 — 

 Maple-beech-birch — — — — — 

 Tropical hardwood — — — — — 

 Total hardwoods 3,985.6 1,988.1 767.4 1,230.2 — 

Nonstocked — 11.2 — — 11.2 

All groups 2,462.5 5,361.2 1,205.5 1,681.9 11.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
28

Table 12—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, all ownerships,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0–10 1,084.5 134.0 167.7 310.8 420.0 40.7 11.2 

11–20 560.6 143.6 108.9 135.6 164.5 8.0 — 

21–30 558.8 132.6 119.4 74.9 210.3 21.6 — 

31–40 607.9 45.7 147.3 134.0 265.7 15.1 — 

41–50 611.8 10.5 147.8 89.3 327.5 36.7 — 

51–60 669.3 6.3 91.2 105.4 440.6 25.8 — 

61–70 499.5 — 67.4 89.7 309.7 32.7 — 

71–80 350.4 — 27.1 58.8 221.9 42.7 — 

81+ 418.4 — 14.9 54.7 324.3 24.6 — 

 All classes 5,361.2 472.8 891.6 1,053.1 2,684.6 247.9 11.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation

Table 13—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, public ownerships,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0–10 18.2 1.5 — 7.1 9.6 — — 

11–20 17.8 8.8 — 1.6 7.4 — — 

21–30 13.9 1.8 4.3 7.7 — — — 

31–40 25.7 2.8 4.6 5.1 13.3 — — 

41–50 42.2 — 18.9 2.7 20.5 — — 

51–60 55.5 — 9.5 — 39.0 7.0 — 

61–70 41.5 — 1.7 8.0 24.9 6.9 — 

71–80 22.1 — — 9.3 12.8 — — 

81+ 43.6 — — 7.3 30.1 6.1 — 

 All classes 280.4 14.9 39.1 48.8 157.6 20.0 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation
29

Table 14—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, forest industry

ownerships, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0–10 61.4 21.5 — 22.4 12.3 — 5.2 

11–20 13.5 — 0.6 12.9 — — — 

21–30 23.4 23.4 — — — — — 

31–40 6.9 6.9 — — — — — 

41–50 2.0 — — — 2.0 — — 

51–60 — — — — — — — 

61–70 1.8 — — 1.8 — — — 

71–80 6.4 — 4.7 — 1.7 — — 

81+ — — — — — — — 

 All classes 115.4 51.8 5.3 37.1 16.1 — 5.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation

Table 15—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, nonindustrial private 

ownerships, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Stand-age All Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

class types pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0–10 1,004.9 111.0 167.7 281.4 398.1 40.7 6.0 

11–20 529.2 134.8 108.2 121.1 157.1 8.0 — 

21–30 521.5 107.4 115.0 67.2 210.3 21.6 — 

31–40 575.3 36.1 142.7 129.0 252.4 15.1 — 

41–50 567.6 10.5 128.8 86.6 305.0 36.7 — 

51–60 613.9 6.3 81.7 105.4 401.6 18.8 — 

61–70 456.1 — 65.7 79.9 284.8 25.8 — 

71–80 322.0 — 22.5 49.5 207.3 42.7 — 

81+ 374.9 — 14.9 47.3 294.2 18.5 — 

 All classes 4,965.4 406.0 847.2 967.2 2,510.9 228.0 6.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Pine

plantation
30

Table 16—Area of nonindustrial private timberland by ownership, forested tract-size class, and

forest management type, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Forest management type

Ownership and forested All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

tract-size class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Acres Thousand acres

Individual

≤ 10 11.8 614.7 113.9 133.5 347.4 8.0 — 

11–50 1,442.5 101.8 287.9 312.0 683.9 51.8 4.9 

51–100 1,054.9 94.5 138.6 227.6 547.6 46.6 — 

101–200 720.4 46.2 121.2 134.8 385.0 33.3 — 

201–500 379.2 52.6 55.6 51.9 180.0 39.1 — 

≥ 501 14.8 143.9 38.0 9.0 79.4 2.7 — 

 Total 4,355.5 321.7 755.3 868.8 2,223.3 181.5 4.9 

Corporate

≤ 10 — 45.7 5.2 6.1 29.3 5.2 — 

11–50 95.2 1.4 10.4 11.3 65.8 6.3 — 

51–100 108.9 25.5 16.2 12.9 41.5 12.8 — 

101–200 78.8 9.8 6.5 19.8 41.5 — 1.2 

201–500 147.3 39.2 20.8 33.1 41.4 12.8 — 

≥ 501 8.5 134.0 32.7 15.2 68.1 9.4 — 

 Total 609.9 84.3 91.9 98.4 287.6 46.5 1.2 

All nonindustrial private

≤ 10 11.8 660.4 119.2 139.6 376.7 13.2 — 

11–50 1,537.7 103.2 298.4 323.4 749.8 58.2 4.9 

51–100 1,163.8 120.0 154.8 240.4 589.1 59.4 — 

101–200 799.2 56.0 127.7 154.6 426.4 33.3 1.2 

201–500 526.5 91.8 76.4 85.0 221.4 51.9 — 

≥ 501 23.3 277.8 70.7 24.2 147.6 12.1 — 

 Total 4,965.4 406.0 847.2 967.2 2,510.9 228.0 6.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
31

Table 17—Number of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 1.0– 3.0– 5.0– 7.0– 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 469 397 — 9 18 36 9 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 84,430 28,178 13,414 10,357 11,190 9,772 6,402 3,434 957 567 79 80 — 

 Loblolly pine 537,243 240,508 119,592 71,032 53,960 26,596 11,848 6,649 3,724 1,445 969 879 41 

 Virginia pine 302,644 162,594 57,363 28,654 22,401 16,704 9,699 3,772 1,159 195 — 103 — 

 Pitch pine 1,720 — 414 218 275 66 377 132 99 66 — 73 — 

 Table Mountain pine 693 — — 198 132 198 132 33 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 9,190 4,571 1,550 1,100 697 385 381 196 94 41 106 69 — 

 Eastern hemlock 412 — — 117 78 67 78 33 — — 39 — — 

 Redcedars 145,918 99,216 30,589 8,662 4,430 1,666 939 227 189 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 1,082,719 535,464 222,922 120,347 93,181 55,490 29,865 14,476 6,222 2,314 1,193 1,204 41 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 158,788 78,692 27,232 14,045 10,160 8,381 5,377 4,679 4,404 2,320 1,482 1,893 123 

 Select red oaks 44,233 20,056 9,916 3,986 2,605 2,305 1,116 1,289 973 763 475 652 97 

 Other white oaks 58,434 22,623 10,796 6,601 5,925 4,326 3,441 2,057 1,337 613 288 388 39 

 Other red oaks 179,944 120,376 16,696 12,242 8,136 7,488 5,097 3,530 2,371 1,339 1,110 1,276 283 

 Hickory 123,791 79,393 13,799 9,825 6,781 5,060 3,766 2,395 1,142 1,024 352 254 — 

 Hard maple 16,488 11,465 2,740 1,012 523 324 167 143 114 — — — — 

 Soft maple 529,939 378,112 77,691 31,758 17,313 10,514 6,269 3,095 2,013 1,565 772 781 56 

 Beech 49,495 35,371 7,312 2,201 767 1,134 709 610 688 205 163 257 78 

 Sweetgum 533,660 358,865 97,617 31,511 18,760 10,665 6,079 4,582 2,507 1,402 770 826 76 

 Tupelo and blackgum 109,881 85,252 13,415 5,261 2,597 1,634 828 561 75 79 — 140 39 

 Ash 76,084 51,356 11,508 4,794 2,711 2,459 1,407 668 411 316 397 57 — 

 Basswood 1,026 924 — 34 29 39 — — — — — — — 

 Yellow-poplar 359,778 228,256 49,501 23,008 17,863 12,225 8,802 7,047 4,482 2,923 2,608 2,733 330 

 Bay and magnolia 4,656 3,117 1,242 157 41 66 — — 33 — — — — 

 Black cherry 159,060 119,927 28,435 6,460 2,449 1,094 378 212 105 — — — — 

 Black walnut 7,390 3,029 768 1,122 695 497 533 294 167 118 105 62 — 

 Sycamore 9,171 3,735 1,198 832 905 836 373 393 244 142 262 251 — 

 Black locust 10,403 5,023 3,366 665 516 253 302 150 128 — — — — 

 Elm 104,361 67,249 20,389 8,568 3,923 1,988 1,258 511 204 167 36 30 38 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 775,988 583,498 131,982 38,642 12,097 5,151 2,290 737 633 393 321 244 — 

 Total hardwoods 3,312,570 2,256,319 525,603 202,724 114,796 76,439 48,192 32,953 22,031 13,369 9,141 9,844 1,159 

All species 2,791,783 4,395,289 748,525 323,071 207,977 131,929 78,057 47,429 28,253 15,683 10,334 11,048 1,200 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell.
32

Table 18—Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 1.0– 3.0– 5.0– 7.0– 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 469 397 — 9 18 36 9 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 73,203 18,891 12,548 9,821 10,888 9,630 6,402 3,400 897 567 79 80 — 

 Loblolly pine 415,873 135,547 106,049 69,666 53,262 26,168 11,620 6,649 3,661 1,404 969 837 41 

 Virginia pine 227,265 103,045 47,001 25,824 21,446 15,929 9,149 3,566 1,039 195 — 71 — 

 Pitch pine 1,688 — 414 218 243 66 377 132 99 66 — 73 — 

 Table Mountain pine 660 — — 198 99 198 132 33 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 7,658 3,795 1,071 1,005 630 325 354 196 66 41 106 69 — 

 Eastern hemlock 412 — — 117 78 67 78 33 — — 39 — — 

 Redcedars 94,355 58,013 23,562 6,875 3,600 1,227 751 172 155 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 821,583 319,688 190,645 113,733 90,264 53,646 28,872 14,181 5,917 2,273 1,193 1,130 41 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 97,673 27,079 21,295 12,316 9,531 8,097 5,181 4,534 4,230 2,248 1,406 1,699 57 

 Select red oaks 23,684 5,344 5,163 3,409 2,440 2,168 984 1,289 939 724 475 652 97 

 Other white oaks 36,934 7,941 6,639 5,694 5,420 3,908 3,302 1,748 1,094 604 247 298 39 

 Other red oaks 92,445 41,001 12,101 10,668 7,369 6,973 4,668 3,495 2,362 1,238 1,110 1,213 247 

 Hickory 69,992 31,593 10,419 8,290 6,356 4,937 3,596 2,264 1,069 933 281 254 — 

 Hard maple 4,175 1,640 1,217 602 334 155 72 41 114 — — — — 

 Soft maple 151,221 67,901 35,376 19,141 11,182 7,704 3,914 2,190 1,530 1,103 614 540 26 

 Beech 14,809 5,170 4,606 1,418 632 913 463 469 525 205 133 197 78 

 Sweetgum 345,051 202,265 74,183 26,475 16,965 9,565 5,646 4,477 2,431 1,372 770 826 76 

 Tupelo and blackgum 29,989 17,337 3,766 3,773 2,237 1,470 616 527 44 79 — 101 39 

 Ash 24,384 8,627 5,611 2,958 2,146 2,121 1,243 634 344 280 363 57 — 

 Yellow-poplar 267,141 146,195 44,006 20,829 16,770 11,525 8,323 6,724 4,381 2,889 2,508 2,694 297 

 Bay and magnolia 1,483 406 893 77 41 33 — — 33 — — — — 

 Black cherry 42,739 27,215 9,633 3,529 1,173 702 289 93 105 — — — — 

 Black walnut 2,726 362 — 647 371 425 390 259 136 76 31 29 — 

 Sycamore 5,679 1,248 834 655 753 731 338 393 175 112 228 212 — 

 Black locust 4,449 1,624 1,470 353 349 184 224 117 128 — — — — 

 Elm 41,966 16,014 12,994 6,295 3,191 1,650 1,020 390 141 167 36 30 38 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 120,902 68,110 30,388 11,387 5,127 2,704 1,399 537 457 284 295 214 — 

 Total hardwoods 1,377,442 677,072 280,594 138,516 92,387 65,965 41,668 30,181 20,238 12,314 8,497 9,016 994 

All species 996,760 2,199,025 471,239 252,249 182,651 119,611 70,540 44,362 26,155 14,587 9,690 10,146 1,035 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell.
33

Table 19—Volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0– 7.0– 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 591.5 30.2 82.7 134.6 141.1 106.3 43.0 36.8 7.5 9.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 1,700.4 165.6 326.4 311.4 244.9 211.7 169.9 87.7 75.5 99.5 7.7 

 Virginia pine 883.8 97.8 173.3 229.4 203.1 114.8 45.8 10.6 — 8.9 — 

 Pitch pine 27.4 0.7 1.9 0.8 7.9 3.4 3.5 3.0 — 6.1 — 

 Table Mountain pine 8.8 0.9 1.0 3.2 2.9 0.9 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 46.2 2.9 4.4 4.5 7.2 5.4 2.8 2.5 7.4 9.1 — 

 Eastern hemlock 4.9 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 — — 1.9 — — 

 Redcedars 83.0 21.3 22.4 15.9 13.4 4.9 5.1 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 3,346.9 319.8 612.8 701.0 621.7 447.9 270.2 140.5 92.3 133.1 7.7 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1,039.0 37.0 63.5 101.6 104.7 134.3 174.4 121.9 98.7 183.2 19.6 

 Select red oaks 318.4 12.7 18.6 29.6 21.7 34.9 36.4 40.4 31.1 67.9 25.2 

 Other white oaks 325.6 17.2 35.8 46.3 57.9 49.0 43.9 25.2 15.5 29.2 5.6 

 Other red oaks 758.8 33.3 50.4 83.7 93.1 94.4 86.3 62.0 70.5 117.3 67.8 

 Hickory 412.8 24.2 42.7 60.6 70.6 71.0 43.8 52.6 23.6 23.8 — 

 Hard maple 19.3 2.6 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.5 4.0 — — — — 

 Soft maple 714.4 93.0 104.8 108.8 97.3 73.5 62.1 65.0 41.7 61.0 7.3 

 Beech 134.8 6.2 4.6 13.1 12.3 16.0 25.4 11.0 10.4 23.2 12.6 

 Sweetgum 931.3 73.0 117.9 130.8 123.8 142.2 105.6 79.8 55.3 87.4 15.5 

 Tupelo and blackgum 98.6 13.1 15.8 17.7 13.8 14.3 1.7 3.8 — 11.4 7.1 

 Ash 171.2 13.3 18.1 30.2 28.5 19.1 14.7 15.8 28.3 3.3 — 

 Basswood 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.6 — — — — — — — 

 Yellow-poplar 1,653.2 66.7 122.4 154.5 182.4 217.7 194.9 165.6 188.5 290.5 70.2 

 Bay and magnolia 2.7 0.4 0.2 0.9 — — 1.3 — — — — 

 Black cherry 56.3 16.3 13.7 11.4 6.7 4.4 3.8 — — — — 

 Black walnut 43.5 3.1 3.8 5.1 8.9 7.1 5.3 3.4 4.5 2.3 — 

 Sycamore 99.2 3.1 6.9 11.0 7.6 11.3 9.0 7.3 17.2 25.7 — 

 Black locust 18.7 1.4 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.5 4.5 — — — — 

 Elm 124.3 21.9 22.6 20.3 21.5 13.1 6.5 8.4 1.8 2.7 5.5 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 307.1 81.2 56.1 47.1 34.7 16.3 19.6 16.9 18.1 17.1 — 

 Total hardwoods 7,229.9 519.6 703.7 879.9 891.5 925.4 843.2 679.0 605.2 946.1 236.3 

All species 839.4 10,576.8 1,316.5 1,580.8 1,513.2 1,373.3 1,113.4 819.5 697.5 1,079.2 244.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Million cubic feet
34

Table 20—Volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0– 7.0– 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 584.4 29.2 81.0 133.1 141.1 105.5 40.8 36.8 7.5 9.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 1,678.6 163.0 322.8 306.4 241.1 211.7 167.8 86.2 75.5 96.4 7.7 

 Virginia pine 839.1 91.3 167.4 220.3 193.3 108.8 41.3 10.6 — 6.2 — 

 Pitch pine 27.3 0.7 1.8 0.8 7.9 3.4 3.5 3.0 — 6.1 — 

 Table Mountain pine 8.6 0.9 0.7 3.2 2.9 0.9 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 44.2 2.7 4.0 3.9 6.8 5.4 2.3 2.5 7.4 9.1 — 

 Eastern hemlock 4.9 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 — — 1.9 — — 

 Redcedars 67.1 17.2 18.5 12.1 11.2 3.9 4.2 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 3,255.0 305.3 597.0 680.8 605.4 440.1 260.0 139.1 92.3 127.3 7.7 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 983.6 33.3 60.1 98.7 101.6 130.7 168.4 118.3 93.5 169.4 9.6 

 Select red oaks 308.6 11.0 17.6 28.0 19.3 34.9 35.7 37.9 31.1 67.9 25.2 

 Other white oaks 295.3 15.3 33.4 42.1 56.4 42.5 37.3 24.9 12.5 25.2 5.6 

 Other red oaks 722.3 29.8 46.6 79.3 87.2 93.6 86.0 58.2 70.5 113.7 57.3 

 Hickory 394.0 21.7 40.8 59.3 67.7 67.9 41.6 50.3 20.9 23.8 — 

 Hard maple 11.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 4.0 — — — — 

 Soft maple 522.2 60.0 71.3 83.9 66.4 55.3 51.3 49.7 33.9 45.6 4.8 

 Beech 112.3 4.2 3.9 11.0 8.3 12.7 20.8 11.0 9.2 18.7 12.6 

 Sweetgum 889.6 63.5 109.0 120.2 116.3 139.4 103.8 79.1 55.3 87.4 15.5 

 Tupelo and blackgum 84.7 10.0 13.6 15.7 10.9 13.4 1.3 3.8 — 8.8 7.1 

 Ash 153.2 9.0 15.2 27.1 25.7 18.3 13.2 14.6 26.7 3.3 — 

 Yellow-poplar 1,607.5 61.2 116.2 147.2 175.2 209.8 192.8 165.0 183.6 288.0 68.5 

 Bay and magnolia 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 — — 1.3 — — — — 

 Black cherry 35.5 9.2 7.2 7.5 5.2 2.5 3.8 — — — — 

 Black walnut 33.4 2.0 2.1 4.4 7.0 6.7 4.3 3.0 1.9 2.1 — 

 Sycamore 86.3 2.5 5.8 9.5 7.2 11.3 6.6 5.6 15.3 22.4 — 

 Black locust 15.3 0.9 2.2 2.1 2.9 2.7 4.5 — — — — 

 Elm 105.5 16.7 18.9 17.5 18.2 10.5 5.2 8.4 1.8 2.7 5.5 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 183.4 29.7 28.0 28.1 23.3 13.3 15.7 13.0 17.1 15.1 — 

 Total hardwoods 6,546.4 381.9 594.0 784.1 800.2 866.2 797.8 643.0 573.3 894.2 211.7 

All species 687.2 9,801.4 1,191.0 1,464.9 1,405.7 1,306.3 1,057.8 782.0 665.6 1,021.5 219.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
35

Table 21—Volume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 0.6 0.4 0.2 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 429.4 107.7 128.5 100.5 39.8 36.3 7.4 9.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 1,078.9 236.6 216.3 200.5 162.7 84.9 74.8 95.5 7.6 

 Virginia pine 507.3 177.2 173.1 101.5 39.3 10.2 — 6.0 — 

 Pitch pine 23.3 0.7 7.1 3.2 3.4 2.9 — 6.0 — 

 Table Mountain pine 6.3 2.7 2.8 0.8 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 34.7 3.1 6.0 5.0 2.2 2.4 7.1 8.9 — 

 Eastern hemlock 3.6 0.4 0.9 0.5 — — 1.8 — — 

 Redcedars 27.4 9.7 10.0 3.6 4.0 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 2,111.5 538.6 544.9 415.6 251.4 136.6 91.1 125.7 7.6 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 692.2 — 72.8 107.6 147.9 107.3 86.7 160.7 9.3 

 Select red oaks 216.8 — 13.8 27.7 30.1 32.8 27.4 60.8 24.2 

 Other white oaks 171.5 — 41.0 34.9 32.7 22.3 11.5 23.7 5.3 

 Other red oaks 495.8 — 62.4 76.8 75.3 52.7 65.3 108.0 55.3 

 Hickory 228.4 — 48.9 56.3 36.3 45.4 19.3 22.2 — 

 Hard maple 5.3 — 1.2 0.7 3.5 — — — — 

 Soft maple 253.7 — 45.7 43.9 43.5 43.8 30.4 41.9 4.5 

 Beech 80.3 — 5.9 10.3 17.7 9.6 8.2 17.0 11.6 

 Sweetgum 515.0 — 81.9 114.9 92.4 73.3 52.5 84.6 15.3 

 Tupelo and blackgum 37.8 — 7.6 10.7 1.1 3.4 — 8.2 6.7 

 Ash 85.7 — 18.0 15.1 11.4 13.2 24.8 3.2 — 

 Yellow-poplar 1,140.2 — 122.3 172.8 171.1 152.6 173.8 279.7 67.8 

 Bay and magnolia 1.1 — — — 1.1 — — — — 

 Black cherry 9.2 — 3.9 2.0 3.3 — — — — 

 Black walnut 20.2 — 5.1 5.3 3.6 2.7 1.7 1.8 — 

 Sycamore 58.7 — 4.7 8.7 5.6 4.9 13.8 21.0 — 

 Black locust 8.0 — 2.1 2.1 3.8 — — — — 

 Elm 42.2 — 12.8 8.4 4.5 7.4 1.6 2.4 5.1 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 77.7 — 15.3 9.8 13.3 11.3 15.5 12.6 — 

 Total hardwoods 4,139.9 — 565.1 708.1 698.2 582.7 532.4 848.0 205.2 

All species 538.6 6,251.4 1,110.0 1,123.7 949.6 719.3 623.5 973.7 212.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
36

Table 22—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and diameter class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

All 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0– 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million board feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 2.8 1.9 0.9 — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 2,243.6 500.8 643.9 541.6 229.2 218.3 46.9 62.9 — 

 Loblolly pine 5,938.1 1,096.9 1,088.5 1,098.7 947.8 522.1 478.7 649.6 55.7 

 Virginia pine 2,435.1 799.6 822.7 512.3 208.1 56.7 — 35.6 — 

 Pitch pine 131.0 2.9 34.5 16.8 19.3 17.4 — 40.1 — 

 Table Mountain pine 30.8 12.5 13.9 4.4 — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 199.1 14.3 29.6 26.4 12.3 13.8 44.1 58.6 — 

 Eastern hemlock 18.8 1.9 4.0 2.6 — — 10.3 — — 

 Redcedars 145.9 49.0 52.9 20.1 23.9 — — — — 

 Total softwoods 11,145.2 2,479.8 2,691.0 2,223.0 1,440.5 828.3 580.1 846.8 55.7 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 3,624.2 — 346.8 521.4 746.6 562.0 470.3 919.7 57.5 

 Select red oaks 1,169.1 — 64.8 132.8 151.2 170.8 146.4 341.7 161.4 

 Other white oaks 868.9 — 191.5 167.7 164.7 114.6 62.3 136.9 31.2 

 Other red oaks 2,744.9 — 306.5 384.3 390.6 285.1 361.8 642.1 374.5 

 Hickory 1,183.0 — 233.3 279.3 186.9 244.7 108.5 130.3 — 

 Hard maple 26.4 — 6.0 3.3 17.1 — — — — 

 Soft maple 1,294.4 — 218.3 210.8 216.3 226.7 161.4 233.7 27.1 

 Beech 371.3 — 30.2 48.2 80.8 43.5 37.3 77.6 53.8 

 Sweetgum 2,865.1 — 416.8 595.3 502.0 416.1 309.3 523.1 102.4 

 Tupelo and blackgum 196.5 — 35.2 50.8 5.6 17.8 — 46.6 40.5 

 Ash 432.0 — 84.0 72.4 56.2 68.5 133.3 17.5 — 

 Yellow-poplar 6,704.9 — 630.6 912.7 949.1 887.4 1,048.9 1,793.4 482.8 

 Bay and magnolia 5.5 — — — 5.5 — — — — 

 Black cherry 45.7 — 18.4 10.0 17.2 — — — — 

 Black walnut 92.8 — 23.9 24.2 16.4 12.1 7.7 8.5 — 

 Sycamore 320.4 — 22.7 42.7 28.5 26.1 76.3 124.2 — 

 Black locust 37.2 — 10.2 9.8 17.1 — — — — 

 Elm 216.3 — 62.4 41.0 22.6 38.4 8.7 13.2 30.1 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 419.1 — 79.6 53.2 65.7 61.0 81.6 78.0 — 

 Total hardwoods 22,617.7 — 2,781.2 3,559.9 3,640.2 3,174.9 3,013.8 5,086.4 1,361.3 

All species 2,479.8 33,763.0 5,472.2 5,782.9 5,080.8 4,003.2 3,593.9 5,933.2 1,417.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
37

Table 23—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size class, and tree grade, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

All All

Species grades 1 2 3 4 5 grades 1 2 3 4 5

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 2.8 2.3 — 0.5 — — — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 2,243.6 1,061.7 438.1 742.4 — 1.3 557.3 310.1 52.6 194.6 — — 

 Loblolly pine 5,938.1 3,016.6 872.8 2,048.7 — — 2,654.0 1,857.9 332.5 463.6 — — 

 Virginia pine 2,435.1 174.6 150.2 2,091.1 — 19.3 300.4 40.6 21.8 238.0 — — 

 Pitch pine 131.0 11.4 40.1 79.5 — — 76.7 11.4 40.1 25.2 — — 

 Table Mountain pine 30.8 2.7 — 28.1 — — — — — — — — 

 Eastern white pine 199.1 75.8 63.7 32.7 26.9 — 128.9 75.8 18.4 17.8 16.9 — 

 Eastern hemlock 18.8 13.3 1.8 3.7 — — 10.3 10.3 — — — — 

 Redcedars 145.9 3.0 15.7 127.3 — — 23.9 — — 23.9 — — 

 Total softwoods 11,145.2 4,361.5 1,582.3 5,153.9 26.9 20.6 3,751.4 2,306.2 465.2 963.1 16.9 — 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 3,624.2 1,049.5 1,056.4 984.5 327.1 206.7 2,756.0 1,049.5 870.8 495.9 144.5 195.2 

 Select red oaks 1,169.1 463.8 290.4 233.3 147.5 34.1 971.5 463.8 258.3 119.0 96.7 33.7 

 Other white oaks 868.9 144.1 179.1 285.5 219.5 40.7 509.7 144.1 117.7 96.2 128.0 23.8 

 Other red oaks 2,744.9 618.6 728.1 820.2 462.3 115.7 2,054.1 618.6 622.0 444.5 264.7 104.3 

 Hickory 1,183.0 168.8 224.5 473.0 282.1 34.6 670.4 168.8 125.3 209.0 139.5 27.8 

 Hard maple 26.4 — — 23.9 — 2.5 17.1 — — 17.1 — — 

 Soft maple 1,294.4 132.8 177.4 399.7 439.3 145.2 865.2 132.8 137.3 196.6 274.7 123.9 

 Beech 371.3 — 97.6 84.7 149.2 39.8 292.9 — 92.8 60.2 100.2 39.8 

 Sweetgum 2,865.1 771.1 728.3 860.9 324.8 180.0 1,853.0 771.1 453.9 311.7 186.3 129.9 

 Tupelo and blackgum 196.5 63.4 40.7 53.7 10.1 28.5 110.6 63.4 14.6 8.1 — 24.4 

 Ash 432.0 77.7 158.8 131.2 16.4 48.0 275.7 77.7 121.2 44.6 — 32.2 

 Yellow-poplar 6,704.9 2,450.7 1,690.0 1,361.1 845.0 358.1 5,161.6 2,450.7 1,235.5 651.2 520.6 303.6 

 Bay and magnolia 5.5 — — 5.5 — — 5.5 — — 5.5 — — 

 Black cherry 45.7 — 11.0 25.4 1.4 7.8 17.2 — 4.4 6.7 — 6.2 

 Black walnut 92.8 12.0 15.9 50.4 2.7 11.8 44.7 12.0 4.7 16.2 — 11.8 

 Sycamore 320.4 162.9 67.8 68.5 3.2 18.0 255.0 162.9 53.4 28.0 — 10.7 

 Black locust 37.2 — 12.7 8.8 15.7 — 17.1 — 6.0 2.7 8.4 — 

 Elm 216.3 44.3 20.3 99.6 47.7 4.4 113.0 44.3 12.4 30.1 21.8 4.4 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 419.1 63.6 84.0 197.7 48.5 25.3 286.3 63.6 77.9 92.3 30.4 22.1 

 Total hardwoods 22,617.7 6,223.2 5,583.2 6,167.8 3,342.4 1,301.1 16,276.6 6,223.2 4,208.1 2,835.5 1,915.8 1,093.9 

All species 10,584.7 33,763.0 7,165.5 11,321.7 3,369.3 1,321.7 20,028.1 8,529.4 4,673.3 3,798.6 1,932.7 1,093.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 Million board feet

All size classes Trees <15.0 inches d.b.h.

Tree grade Tree grade
38

Table 24—Volume of growing stock on timberland by county and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Alamance 242.0 70.8 68.5 2.3 171.2 72.5 98.7 

Alexander 153.5 38.1 37.9 0.2 115.4 55.4 60.0 

Anson 372.2 186.8 182.7 4.0 185.4 106.5 79.0 

Cabarrus 184.8 49.3 45.1 4.2 135.5 75.9 59.7 

Caswell 366.1 101.5 99.3 2.1 264.7 136.4 128.3 

Catawba 216.4 53.6 53.6 — 162.8 62.5 100.4 

Chatham 439.2 210.0 206.5 3.5 229.2 153.7 75.5 

Cleveland 200.7 58.9 58.4 0.5 141.8 77.0 64.8 

Davidson 387.8 139.3 133.2 6.1 248.5 155.4 93.1 

Davie 161.5 24.7 23.2 1.5 136.8 77.0 59.8 

Durham 193.8 87.8 87.7 0.1 106.0 66.7 39.3 

Forsyth 203.0 46.8 45.7 1.1 156.2 81.6 74.6 

Franklin 343.9 181.8 181.8 — 162.1 96.9 65.2 

Gaston 230.3 75.4 74.6 0.8 155.0 102.1 52.8 

Granville 293.8 168.3 165.5 2.8 125.6 83.0 42.5 

Guilford 457.4 108.6 105.8 2.7 348.8 205.4 143.4 

Iredell 259.6 29.9 28.5 1.3 229.7 152.1 77.6 

Lincoln 164.3 36.9 36.7 0.3 127.3 63.8 63.5 

Mecklenburg 161.2 42.0 35.7 6.2 119.2 63.8 55.4 

Montgomery 366.9 189.1 187.7 1.5 177.8 79.5 98.3 

Orange 244.6 96.2 92.1 4.1 148.3 105.5 42.9 

Person 226.9 59.5 59.0 0.5 167.4 91.4 76.0 

Polk 182.3 50.7 46.6 4.0 131.6 43.0 88.6 

Randolph 591.1 105.9 100.3 5.5 485.2 228.3 256.9 

Rockingham 446.6 152.4 152.0 0.4 294.2 168.4 125.8 

Rowan 322.4 101.0 91.2 9.8 221.4 128.0 93.4 

Rutherford 395.4 136.6 135.5 1.2 258.8 132.1 126.7 

Stanly 155.3 66.1 63.7 2.5 89.2 40.5 48.6 

Stokes 369.5 98.1 98.1 — 271.4 154.5 116.9 

Surry 381.3 107.3 106.7 0.6 274.0 119.0 155.1 

Union 217.0 33.4 32.1 1.3 183.5 88.7 94.8 

Vance 165.3 72.7 72.6 0.1 92.6 56.4 36.2 

Wake 326.1 129.5 129.4 0.1 196.6 119.5 77.1 

Warren 244.5 124.2 123.9 0.3 120.3 89.2 31.1 

Yadkin 134.8 21.9 21.8 0.1 112.8 73.5 39.3 

 Total 9,801.4 3,255.0 3,183.1 71.9 6,546.4 3,605.2 2,941.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 Million cubic feet
39

Table 25—Volume of live trees on timberland by county and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alamance 268.6 72.9 70.3 2.6 195.7 89.8 106.0 

Alexander 165.7 39.2 39.0 0.3 126.4 60.2 66.3 

Anson 388.7 188.2 183.3 4.9 200.5 115.8 84.7 

Cabarrus 197.0 51.2 45.6 5.6 145.8 83.5 62.3 

Caswell 394.1 103.2 100.6 2.6 290.9 154.8 136.1 

Catawba 231.1 54.2 54.1 0.1 176.8 68.1 108.7 

Chatham 476.2 214.4 209.3 5.0 261.8 167.4 94.4 

Cleveland 218.8 63.0 61.9 1.1 155.8 82.9 72.9 

Davidson 439.7 144.8 138.1 6.7 294.9 181.9 113.0 

Davie 172.2 25.3 23.8 1.5 146.9 83.5 63.4 

Durham 209.7 93.4 93.3 0.1 116.3 75.5 40.8 

Forsyth 229.2 48.5 47.0 1.5 180.7 93.5 87.1 

Franklin 362.5 184.0 184.0 — 178.5 108.9 69.6 

Gaston 246.0 75.6 74.6 1.0 170.4 112.0 58.4 

Granville 320.9 171.2 168.3 3.0 149.7 96.7 53.0 

Guilford 484.6 112.9 108.1 4.7 371.7 220.4 151.3 

Iredell 286.7 31.8 30.0 1.8 254.9 163.2 91.7 

Lincoln 169.8 40.3 40.0 0.3 129.5 64.8 64.8 

Mecklenburg 176.1 43.7 37.4 6.3 132.4 70.5 62.0 

Montgomery 393.6 191.0 189.3 1.7 202.6 93.0 109.6 

Orange 279.0 105.0 100.5 4.5 173.9 121.1 52.9 

Person 246.0 63.6 62.9 0.7 182.4 101.8 80.6 

Polk 204.8 51.3 47.3 4.0 153.5 52.3 101.2 

Randolph 631.8 107.2 100.7 6.5 524.6 249.4 275.2 

Rockingham 476.7 154.7 154.1 0.6 322.0 184.8 137.2 

Rowan 329.9 101.8 91.3 10.5 228.1 131.6 96.5 

Rutherford 421.2 138.7 137.5 1.3 282.5 143.5 139.0 

Stanly 164.4 67.6 64.6 3.1 96.8 43.7 53.0 

Stokes 399.8 103.7 103.7 — 296.1 167.9 128.2 

Surry 409.5 109.3 108.7 0.6 300.2 128.7 171.6 

Union 243.9 35.1 32.4 2.7 208.8 107.0 101.8 

Vance 173.3 73.2 73.1 0.1 100.1 61.7 38.3 

Wake 345.1 132.8 132.6 0.1 212.3 130.3 82.0 

Warren 264.3 126.3 126.0 0.3 138.1 103.1 34.9 

Yadkin 156.0 27.8 25.7 2.1 128.2 81.6 46.6 

 Total 10,576.8 3,346.9 3,259.0 87.8 7,229.9 3,994.8 3,235.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
40

Table 26—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Alamance 893.6 261.1 258.0 3.1 632.5 243.2 389.3 

Alexander 479.6 130.8 129.9 0.8 348.9 181.7 167.2 

Anson 1,237.4 649.3 634.6 14.7 588.2 323.0 265.1 

Cabarrus 595.3 156.2 144.7 11.5 439.1 263.1 176.0 

Caswell 1,230.2 298.7 297.5 1.2 931.5 470.8 460.6 

Catawba 814.2 198.9 198.9 — 615.2 224.1 391.2 

Chatham 1,424.4 669.8 663.0 6.9 754.6 502.0 252.6 

Cleveland 715.5 151.6 150.2 1.3 563.9 344.9 219.0 

Davidson 1,317.0 380.2 371.5 8.7 936.8 598.6 338.2 

Davie 528.6 79.3 74.5 4.9 449.2 232.2 217.0 

Durham 788.6 396.9 396.9 — 391.7 266.2 125.5 

Forsyth 756.0 146.2 145.3 0.8 609.9 304.1 305.7 

Franklin 1,164.2 567.0 567.0 — 597.2 358.0 239.2 

Gaston 869.5 301.3 301.3 — 568.2 381.5 186.6 

Granville 1,005.0 631.8 630.5 1.3 373.2 250.4 122.7 

Guilford 1,723.6 345.3 341.9 3.4 1,378.2 797.6 580.6 

Iredell 940.8 110.2 108.6 1.6 830.6 569.9 260.7 

Lincoln 656.1 130.9 130.9 — 525.2 287.7 237.5 

Mecklenburg 516.2 145.6 132.9 12.7 370.7 201.3 169.3 

Montgomery 1,106.7 586.3 581.7 4.6 520.4 219.1 301.3 

Orange 966.5 441.2 430.7 10.5 525.3 385.1 140.2 

Person 707.3 216.8 216.8 — 490.5 250.7 239.8 

Polk 681.8 201.4 186.0 15.4 480.4 152.5 327.9 

Randolph 2,044.8 369.8 356.4 13.5 1,674.9 714.7 960.2 

Rockingham 1,385.4 460.5 460.5 — 924.9 526.4 398.5 

Rowan 1,277.4 414.8 381.6 33.2 862.6 510.8 351.8 

Rutherford 1,222.8 389.0 387.7 1.4 833.8 484.6 349.2 

Stanly 496.3 189.3 181.2 8.1 307.0 132.4 174.6 

Stokes 1,088.5 237.5 237.5 — 851.0 478.6 372.4 

Surry 1,279.0 390.3 387.7 2.6 888.7 368.6 520.1 

Union 701.1 116.0 113.5 2.5 585.1 249.3 335.9 

Vance 603.5 286.5 286.5 — 317.0 171.5 145.6 

Wake 1,256.3 618.3 618.3 — 638.0 400.2 237.8 

Warren 746.6 413.3 413.3 — 333.3 269.6 63.7 

Yadkin 543.3 63.2 63.2 — 480.2 332.1 148.0 

 Total 33,763.0 11,145.2 10,980.5 164.8 22,617.7 12,446.5 10,171.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.
41

Table 27—Volume of timber on timberland by class of timber and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Class of timber species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Sawtimber trees

 Saw-log portion 6,251.4 2,111.5 2,080.5 31.0 4,139.9 2,212.7 1,927.1 

 Upper-stem portiona 241.2 887.7 236.8 4.4 646.5 338.7 307.8 

 Total 7,139.1 2,352.7 2,317.3 35.4 4,786.4 2,551.4 2,235.0 

Poletimber trees 902.3 2,662.3 865.8 36.5 1,760.0 1,053.8 706.2 

 All growing-stock trees 9,801.4 3,255.0 3,183.1 71.9 6,546.4 3,605.2 2,941.2 

Rough trees

 Sawtimber size 367.5 58.0 50.1 7.9 309.5 169.1 140.4 

 Poletimber size 366.9 30.3 22.2 8.0 336.7 199.4 137.2 

 Total 734.4 88.3 72.4 15.9 646.1 368.5 277.6 

Rotten trees

 Sawtimber size 34.5 3.6 3.6 — 30.9 17.7 13.2 

 Poletimber size 6.5 0.0 0.0 — 6.5 3.4 3.1 

 Total 41.0 3.6 3.6 — 37.4 21.1 16.3 

Salvable dead trees

 Sawtimber size 42.9 26.3 26.3 — 16.6 6.6 9.9 

 Poletimber size 14.8 10.4 9.2 1.2 4.4 2.7 1.7 

 Total 57.7 36.7 35.5 1.2 21.0 9.3 11.7 

All classes 3,383.6 10,634.4 3,294.6 89.0 7,250.9 4,004.1 3,246.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Includes cull sections in the saw-log portion.

 Million cubic feet
42

Table 28—Volume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland by ownership class and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Live trees (million cubic feet )

National forest 88.7 31.9 31.8 0.1 56.9 17.9 39.0 

Other public 682.6 211.0 203.5 7.5 471.6 308.6 163.0 

Forest industry 166.8 140.2 139.1 1.2 26.6 16.1 10.5 

Nonindustrial private 9,638.6 2,963.8 2,884.7 79.1 6,674.8 3,652.3 3,022.5 

 All classes 10,576.8 3,346.9 3,259.0 87.8 7,229.9 3,994.8 3,235.1 

Growing-stock trees (million cubic feet )

National forest 83.9 31.7 31.6 0.1 52.2 16.6 35.5 

Other public 649.6 207.2 199.9 7.3 442.4 289.0 153.4 

Forest industry 165.1 139.3 138.1 1.2 25.8 15.6 10.2 

Nonindustrial private 8,902.9 2,876.8 2,813.4 63.4 6,026.1 3,284.0 2,742.1 

 All classes 9,801.4 3,255.0 3,183.1 71.9 6,546.4 3,605.2 2,941.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 29—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership class, species group, and size class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

All size classes (million board feet )

National forest 286.4 120.2 120.2 — 166.2 44.5 121.7 

Other public 2,556.2 939.2 918.4 20.8 1,617.0 1,048.6 568.4 

Forest industry 388.8 325.2 319.7 5.5 63.6 41.9 21.7 

Nonindustrial private 30,531.6 9,760.7 9,622.3 138.4 20,770.9 11,311.4 9,459.5 

 All classes 33,763.0 11,145.2 10,980.5 164.8 22,617.7 12,446.5 10,171.3 

Trees ≥ 15.0 inches d.b.h.(million board feet )

National forest 142.8 32.2 32.2 — 110.6 28.3 82.2 

Other public 1,671.9 517.7 517.7 — 1,154.2 756.1 398.0 

Forest industry 156.7 122.7 122.7 — 34.0 17.1 16.8 

Nonindustrial private 18,056.8 3,078.8 3,044.6 34.2 14,977.9 8,128.0 6,850.0 

 All classes 20,028.1 3,751.4 3,717.2 34.2 16,276.6 8,929.6 7,347.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
43

Table 30—Volume of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origin species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted 4.3 4.3 4.3 — — — — 

 Natural 11.2 5.6 1.6 4.0 5.6 — 5.6 

 Total 15.5 9.9 5.9 4.0 5.6 — 5.6 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 758.9 705.8 705.5 0.3 53.1 40.8 12.3 

 Natural 1,732.7 1,368.8 1,348.0 20.9 363.9 245.2 118.7 

 Total 2,491.6 2,074.6 2,053.5 21.1 417.0 286.0 131.0 

 Total softwoods 2,507.1 2,084.6 2,059.4 25.2 422.6 286.0 136.6 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 76.1 50.0 48.4 1.5 26.1 19.3 6.8 

 Natural 1,470.0 727.0 707.7 19.2 743.0 395.5 347.5 

 Total 1,546.1 776.9 756.2 20.8 769.1 414.8 354.3 

 Oak-hickory 5,263.7 377.7 353.1 24.6 4,886.0 2,530.9 2,355.0 

 Oak-gum-cypress 226.1 15.4 14.4 1.0 210.7 143.9 66.8 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 258.4 0.4 — 0.4 258.0 229.4 28.5 

 Total hardwoods 7,294.2 1,170.4 1,123.7 46.7 6,123.8 3,319.2 2,804.6 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 3,255.0 9,801.4 3,183.1 71.9 6,546.4 3,605.2 2,941.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
44

Table 31—Average basal area of live trees per acre on timberland by ownership class, 

species group, and d.b.h., Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

Ownership class All tree D.b.h. (inches )

and species group sizes 1.0–4.9 5.0–10.9 11.0–14.9 ≥15.0

Square feet/acre

National forest

 Softwood 36.8 4.0 18.7 10.8 3. 2

 Hardwood 82.9 20.2 25.4 15.6 21. 7

 Total 119.7 24.2 44.2 26.4 24. 9

Other public

 Softwood 42.3 2.5 16.1 11.7 12. 0

 Hardwood 85.8 12.0 25.6 19.3 29. 0

 Total 128.1 14.5 41.7 31.0 41. 0

Forest industry

 Softwood 57.4 8.3 36.5 5.2 7. 4

 Hardwood 24.8 9.5 7.3 3.6 4. 4

 Total 82.2 17.8 43.9 8.7 11. 8

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 32.6 5.2 15.8 8.3 3. 4

 Hardwood 74.3 14.7 23.2 14.1 22. 3

 Total 106.9 19.9 39.0 22.3 25. 7

All classes

 Softwood 33.5 5.1 16.2 8.4 3. 8

 Hardwood 74.2 14.7 23.1 14.2 22. 3

 Total 107.8 19.7 39.3 22.6 26. 2

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
45

Table 32—Average net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by county and 

species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alamance 8.2 3.1 3.1 — 5.1 2.4 2.7 

Alexander 2.6 -2.4 -2.4 — 5.1 3.1 1.9 

Anson 16.1 10.5 10.4 0.1 5.6 3.0 2.6 

Cabarrus 5.3 1.8 1.6 0.2 3.5 1.9 1.6 

Caswell 11.5 1.7 1.7 0.0 9.8 5.8 4.0 

Catawba 10.2 3.7 3.7 — 6.5 3.3 3.1 

Chatham 24.0 15.9 15.5 0.4 8.0 6.0 2.0 

Cleveland 6.0 1.5 1.5 -0.0 4.6 2.3 2.3 

Davidson 13.3 4.9 4.5 0.4 8.4 5.2 3.2 

Davie 6.0 1.4 1.4 0.1 4.6 2.3 2.2 

Durham 8.0 3.8 3.8 0.0 4.2 2.7 1.5 

Forsyth 5.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.0 6.3 4.1 2.2 

Franklin 19.0 14.4 14.5 -0.1 4.7 2.0 2.6 

Gaston 5.4 1.6 1.6 0.0 3.9 2.1 1.8 

Granville 22.0 9.9 9.8 0.0 12.1 9.6 2.5 

Guilford 11.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 10.5 7.9 2.6 

Iredell 11.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 11.8 7.2 4.6 

Lincoln 8.9 3.0 3.0 0.0 5.9 2.4 3.5 

Mecklenburg 4.8 1.2 0.6 0.6 3.7 2.7 0.9 

Montgomery 12.0 6.8 6.7 0.1 5.2 2.4 2.8 

Orange 11.6 4.0 4.0 0.0 7.6 5.2 2.4 

Person 11.7 4.7 4.6 0.1 7.1 3.9 3.2 

Polk 5.4 2.3 2.3 — 3.1 1.4 1.7 

Randolph 13.6 2.1 2.0 0.1 11.5 5.8 5.7 

Rockingham 16.9 6.9 6.9 — 10.1 6.3 3.8 

Rowan 13.7 1.5 1.2 0.3 12.2 7.1 5.1 

Rutherford 8.5 2.0 2.0 — 6.5 2.9 3.5 

Stanly 5.4 3.6 3.5 0.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 

Stokes 15.4 3.2 3.2 — 12.2 8.2 4.0 

Surry 10.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 9.9 5.2 4.7 

Union 4.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.0 5.1 1.9 3.2 

Vance 7.2 4.4 4.4 — 2.8 2.2 0.6 

Wake 10.0 5.8 5.8 — 4.3 2.5 1.8 

Warren 14.8 7.0 6.9 0.0 7.8 5.4 2.4 

Yadkin 5.9 1.9 1.8 0.2 4.0 2.5 1.6 

 Total 368.3 133.2 130.4 2.7 235.1 139.5 95.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 hardwood
46

Table 33—Average net annual growth of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All

County species

Alamance 8.9 3.1 3.1 — 5.8 2.8 3.0 

Alexander 3.3 -2.3 -2.3 — 5.6 3.1 2.5 

Anson 16.4 10.5 10.4 0.1 5.9 3.2 2.7 

Cabarrus 5.8 1.9 1.6 0.3 3.9 2.3 1.7 

Caswell 12.0 1.6 1.6 0.0 10.4 6.4 3.9 

Catawba 11.8 4.6 4.6 0.0 7.2 3.9 3.3 

Chatham 25.5 16.1 15.7 0.4 9.5 7.2 2.2 

Cleveland 6.6 1.7 1.8 -0.0 4.9 2.3 2.6 

Davidson 14.6 5.0 4.5 0.4 9.6 6.2 3.5 

Davie 6.4 1.5 1.4 0.1 4.9 2.5 2.4 

Durham 7.9 4.0 4.0 0.0 3.9 2.5 1.4 

Forsyth 6.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.0 6.9 4.2 2.7 

Franklin 19.4 14.5 14.5 -0.1 4.9 2.4 2.5 

Gaston 5.9 1.5 1.5 0.0 4.4 2.5 1.9 

Granville 22.7 10.0 10.0 0.1 12.7 9.9 2.8 

Guilford 12.2 1.4 1.2 0.2 10.8 7.9 3.0 

Iredell 12.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 12.8 7.8 5.1 

Lincoln 9.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 5.9 2.3 3.7 

Mecklenburg 4.9 1.2 0.7 0.5 3.6 2.9 0.8 

Montgomery 13.0 6.9 6.9 0.1 6.1 2.7 3.4 

Orange 13.2 4.2 4.1 0.0 9.0 6.4 2.6 

Person 11.8 4.7 4.6 0.1 7.1 3.9 3.2 

Polk 5.5 2.3 2.3 — 3.2 1.5 1.7 

Randolph 14.8 1.9 1.8 0.1 12.9 7.2 5.8 

Rockingham 17.6 6.9 6.9 — 10.7 6.6 4.2 

Rowan 13.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 11.8 6.8 5.0 

Rutherford 8.7 2.0 2.0 — 6.6 2.8 3.8 

Stanly 5.8 3.6 3.5 0.0 2.3 1.2 1.1 

Stokes 16.8 3.4 3.4 — 13.4 8.9 4.5 

Surry 11.8 1.0 1.0 0.0 10.8 5.5 5.3 

Union 5.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 5.7 2.2 3.5 

Vance 7.6 4.4 4.4 — 3.2 2.3 0.9 

Wake 10.3 5.8 5.8 — 4.4 2.6 1.8 

Warren 15.0 7.0 6.9 0.0 8.1 5.3 2.8 

Yadkin 8.1 2.8 1.9 0.9 5.3 3.0 2.3 

 Total 390.9 136.7 132.9 3.8 254.3 150.8 103.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 hardwood

Soft

hardwood

Million cubic feet

Other

softwood

All

softwood

Yellow

pine

All

hardwood

 Hard
47

Table 34—Average net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All Hard

County species hardwood

Alamance 26.2 8.3 8.3 — 17.9 8.7 9.3 

Alexander 15.0 -2.2 -2.2 — 17.2 10.2 7.0 

Anson 69.2 52.5 52.5 — 16.7 8.2 8.5 

Cabarrus 22.6 9.5 8.7 0.9 13.0 6.0 7.0 

Caswell 57.9 11.6 11.5 0.1 46.2 26.4 19.8 

Catawba 27.0 8.6 8.6 — 18.4 9.2 9.3 

Chatham 86.4 63.8 62.8 1.0 22.6 16.2 6.4 

Cleveland 27.7 5.6 5.4 0.2 22.1 12.4 9.7 

Davidson 51.5 17.0 17.0 — 34.5 22.2 12.2 

Davie 27.4 7.0 6.8 0.2 20.3 13.0 7.4 

Durham 40.3 20.3 20.2 0.1 20.0 12.4 7.6 

Forsyth 39.0 7.2 7.2 — 31.8 20.7 11.0 

Franklin 61.5 44.9 44.9 — 16.5 5.9 10.6 

Gaston 26.2 9.4 9.4 — 16.8 11.6 5.2 

Granville 69.6 38.5 38.5 — 31.1 22.9 8.2 

Guilford 56.4 6.4 6.4 — 50.0 39.3 10.7 

Iredell 36.6 -1.3 -1.3 — 37.9 23.7 14.2 

Lincoln 38.4 13.5 13.5 — 24.8 12.7 12.1 

Mecklenburg 19.2 3.3 0.8 2.5 15.9 12.1 3.8 

Montgomery 51.0 29.6 29.6 — 21.4 9.6 11.8 

Orange 53.6 24.4 24.4 — 29.2 21.2 8.1 

Person 42.5 23.2 22.9 0.2 19.3 10.5 8.8 

Polk 17.5 6.2 6.2 — 11.3 5.6 5.6 

Randolph 52.9 6.1 5.4 0.7 46.8 20.2 26.6 

Rockingham 72.0 34.7 34.7 — 37.3 22.0 15.3 

Rowan 69.2 11.5 10.8 0.7 57.7 30.2 27.5 

Rutherford 24.2 -2.9 -2.9 — 27.2 16.3 10.8 

Stanly 10.7 4.5 4.2 0.3 6.2 1.3 4.9 

Stokes 57.5 9.8 9.8 — 47.8 30.2 17.6 

Surry 63.2 6.9 6.8 0.1 56.3 27.1 29.2 

Union 22.0 0.0 0.0 — 22.0 4.6 17.4 

Vance 29.5 17.1 17.1 — 12.5 10.2 2.2 

Wake 50.9 23.7 23.7 — 27.2 15.6 11.6 

Warren 57.7 27.5 27.5 — 30.2 20.8 9.3 

Yadkin 33.0 9.2 9.2 — 23.8 15.6 8.2 

 Total 1,505.5 555.7 548.6 7.1 949.8 555.0 394.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

All Yellow Other All

Million board feet

Soft

softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood
48

Table 35—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by county and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All Hard

County species hardwood

Alamance 4.1 0.2 0.2 — 4.0 2.6 1.4 

Alexander 2.7 1.2 1.2 — 1.5 0.6 0.9 

Anson 28.6 22.8 22.7 0.2 5.8 2.2 3.6 

Cabarrus 7.1 5.6 5.6 — 1.5 0.6 0.9 

Caswell 7.4 2.5 2.3 0.2 4.9 3.5 1.4 

Catawba 7.6 4.0 4.0 — 3.6 1.6 2.0 

Chatham 24.6 11.8 11.5 0.3 12.9 7.6 5.2 

Cleveland 4.0 2.4 2.4 — 1.6 0.2 1.4 

Davidson 2.0 0.8 0.8 — 1.3 0.8 0.4 

Davie 2.5 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 

Durham 13.6 10.1 10.0 0.1 3.4 1.5 2.0 

Forsyth 2.8 2.0 2.0 — 0.8 0.8 — 

Franklin 17.5 12.0 12.0 — 5.5 1.8 3.7 

Gaston 8.1 5.0 4.9 0.1 3.2 2.2 0.9 

Granville 20.8 11.0 10.9 0.1 9.9 5.2 4.7 

Guilford 8.1 2.9 2.9 — 5.1 4.7 0.5 

Iredell 6.4 0.4 0.4 — 6.1 2.4 3.7 

Lincoln 5.1 2.8 2.7 0.1 2.3 0.7 1.6 

Mecklenburg 14.1 5.3 5.2 0.1 8.8 6.9 1.9 

Montgomery 10.9 5.5 5.5 — 5.3 2.6 2.7 

Orange 17.9 8.3 8.3 — 9.5 7.0 2.5 

Person 14.3 8.6 8.0 0.6 5.7 3.3 2.4 

Polk 8.9 8.2 8.2 — 0.6 — 0.6 

Randolph 6.0 1.6 1.6 — 4.4 1.3 3.1 

Rockingham 14.8 12.5 12.5 — 2.3 0.4 1.9 

Rowan 6.4 2.6 2.6 — 3.8 2.7 1.1 

Rutherford 9.4 4.6 4.6 — 4.8 2.6 2.2 

Stanly 4.6 3.4 3.4 — 1.2 0.1 1.1 

Stokes 9.9 4.7 4.7 — 5.2 2.3 2.9 

Surry 6.6 3.4 3.4 — 3.2 1.1 2.1 

Union 3.2 1.0 1.0 — 2.2 0.4 1.8 

Vance 8.6 4.9 4.9 — 3.7 2.3 1.4 

Wake 25.6 14.0 14.0 — 11.6 8.6 3.0 

Warren 23.6 10.7 10.7 — 12.9 7.8 5.1 

Yadkin 5.1 1.0 1.0 — 4.1 0.6 3.5 

 Total 362.8 199.7 197.8 1.9 163.1 89.1 73.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

All Yellow Other All

Million cubic feet

Soft

softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood
49

Table 36—Average annual removals of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All All Hard

County species hardwood hardwood

Alamance 4.3 0.2 0.2 — 4.2 2.6 1.6 

Alexander 2.9 1.2 1.2 — 1.6 0.6 1.1 

Anson 29.2 22.8 22.7 0.2 6.4 2.3 4.1 

Cabarrus 7.3 5.6 5.6 — 1.7 0.7 1.0 

Caswell 7.7 2.5 2.3 0.2 5.2 3.8 1.4 

Catawba 8.2 4.2 4.2 — 4.0 1.9 2.1 

Chatham 25.7 11.9 11.6 0.3 13.8 8.2 5.7 

Cleveland 4.2 2.4 2.4 — 1.8 0.3 1.5 

Davidson 2.1 0.8 0.8 — 1.3 0.8 0.5 

Davie 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.5 

Durham 14.1 10.1 10.0 0.1 3.9 1.6 2.3 

Forsyth 2.9 2.0 2.0 — 0.9 0.8 0.1 

Franklin 17.6 12.0 12.0 — 5.7 1.8 3.8 

Gaston 8.3 5.1 5.0 0.1 3.2 2.3 1.0 

Granville 21.2 11.1 11.0 0.1 10.1 5.4 4.8 

Guilford 8.1 2.9 2.9 — 5.2 4.7 0.5 

Iredell 6.6 0.4 0.4 — 6.2 2.5 3.7 

Lincoln 5.1 2.8 2.7 0.1 2.3 0.7 1.6 

Mecklenburg 14.9 5.3 5.2 0.1 9.7 7.7 2.0 

Montgomery 11.5 5.5 5.5 — 6.0 3.1 2.9 

Orange 18.0 8.3 8.3 — 9.7 7.1 2.6 

Person 14.6 8.6 8.0 0.6 6.0 3.5 2.5 

Polk 8.9 8.2 8.2 — 0.6 — 0.6 

Randolph 6.2 1.6 1.6 — 4.5 1.3 3.2 

Rockingham 15.2 12.5 12.5 — 2.7 0.5 2.2 

Rowan 6.8 2.6 2.6 — 4.2 2.7 1.4 

Rutherford 9.4 4.6 4.6 — 4.8 2.6 2.2 

Stanly 5.1 3.4 3.4 — 1.7 0.3 1.3 

Stokes 10.0 4.7 4.7 — 5.3 2.3 3.1 

Surry 6.9 3.4 3.4 — 3.4 1.3 2.2 

Union 3.7 1.0 1.0 — 2.6 0.6 2.1 

Vance 8.9 4.9 4.9 — 4.0 2.4 1.5 

Wake 27.2 14.0 14.0 — 13.2 9.3 3.9 

Warren 24.1 10.7 10.7 — 13.4 7.9 5.6 

Yadkin 5.4 1.0 1.0 — 4.5 0.6 3.8 

 Total 374.7 200.3 198.4 1.9 174.5 94.3 80.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Million cubic feet

Soft

 softwood pine softwood hardwood

Yellow Other
50

Table 37—Average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Alamance 16.2 0.6 0.6 — 15.6 9.6 6.0 

Alexander 9.3 4.1 4.1 — 5.2 1.8 3.4 

Anson 97.5 89.3 89.3 — 8.2 2.3 5.8 

Cabarrus 24.6 20.6 20.6 — 4.0 1.4 2.5 

Caswell 22.5 8.4 8.1 0.3 14.0 10.4 3.7 

Catawba 18.7 7.2 7.2 — 11.4 5.9 5.6 

Chatham 86.6 44.0 43.4 0.6 42.6 26.6 16.0 

Cleveland 13.4 8.4 8.4 — 5.0 1.0 4.1 

Davidson 4.0 0.4 0.4 — 3.7 2.7 0.9 

Davie 10.0 7.1 6.3 0.8 2.9 1.1 1.8 

Durham 46.9 35.0 34.4 0.6 11.9 3.2 8.7 

Forsyth 11.7 9.2 9.2 — 2.4 2.4 — 

Franklin 54.3 39.4 39.4 — 14.9 5.5 9.5 

Gaston 30.6 18.8 18.8 — 11.8 7.7 4.0 

Granville 73.1 44.4 44.4 — 28.8 15.6 13.1 

Guilford 37.4 13.4 13.4 — 23.9 22.5 1.4 

Iredell 15.0 1.6 1.6 — 13.3 5.7 7.7 

Lincoln 16.7 9.3 9.3 — 7.4 2.0 5.4 

Mecklenburg 40.0 11.7 11.7 — 28.3 22.6 5.7 

Montgomery 37.9 24.6 24.6 — 13.3 4.9 8.4 

Orange 80.3 43.2 43.2 — 37.1 27.8 9.3 

Person 43.7 29.4 27.3 2.1 14.3 6.5 7.8 

Polk 15.7 15.7 15.7 — — — — 

Randolph 18.9 6.1 6.1 — 12.8 1.7 11.1 

Rockingham 34.7 28.4 28.4 — 6.3 0.5 5.8 

Rowan 26.1 12.9 12.9 — 13.2 10.9 2.3 

Rutherford 23.6 10.5 10.5 — 13.1 7.2 6.0 

Stanly 8.2 5.1 5.1 — 3.1 — 3.1 

Stokes 31.8 13.6 13.6 — 18.2 9.2 9.1 

Surry 25.9 13.5 13.5 — 12.3 4.2 8.1 

Union 7.1 1.9 1.9 — 5.2 0.7 4.5 

Vance 31.0 16.7 16.7 — 14.3 11.1 3.2 

Wake 97.7 54.7 54.7 — 43.0 35.8 7.2 

Warren 81.5 42.0 42.0 — 39.5 23.3 16.2 

Yadkin 19.2 3.1 3.1 — 16.1 2.3 13.8 

 Total 1,211.6 694.3 689.9 4.4 517.3 296.1 221.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 Million board feet
51

Table 38—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees, growing stock, and

sawtimber on timberland by species, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Net Net Net

 annual Annual annual Annual annual Annual

Species growth removals growth removals growth removals

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 — 

 Shortleaf pine 8.3 40.2 8.3 40.1 51.3 138. 0

 Loblolly pine 102.9 111.2 102.4 111.0 390.7 429. 3

 Virginia pine 21.1 46.1 19.2 45.8 100.8 119. 1

 Pitch pine -1.2 — -1.2 — -3.7 — 

 Table Mountain pine -0.1 — -0.1 — 0.7 — 

 Eastern white pine 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.5 8.0 3. 5

 Eastern hemlock 0.0 — 0.0 — 0.1 — 

 Redcedars 3.7 1.9 2.7 1.9 7.0 4. 4

 Total softwoods 136.7 200.3 133.2 199.7 555.7 694. 3

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 34.0 27.9 33.0 27.6 155.4 89. 4

 Select red oaks 12.0 5.9 12.0 5.9 46.7 16. 5

 Other white oaks 10.9 7.4 10.0 7.0 33.3 16. 9

 Other red oaks 25.9 22.7 24.7 21.7 111.8 69. 9

 Hickory 10.0 8.9 9.6 8.5 28.6 20. 1

 Yellow birch 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 — — 

 Hard maple 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.5 — 

 Soft maple 23.8 15.9 18.6 13.6 39.4 31. 2

 Beech 4.1 2.0 3.6 2.0 15.0 6. 2

 Sweetgum 24.6 21.0 23.8 20.2 83.7 52. 7

 Tupelo and blackgum 2.6 2.0 2.7 1.9 6.0 3. 7

 Ash 6.4 3.8 5.3 3.3 21.5 6. 5

 Basswood 0.0 — 0.0 — 0.1 — 

 Yellow-poplar 85.1 45.8 82.5 45.3 393.2 191. 1

 Bay and magnolia 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 — 

 Black cherry 1.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 0. 4

 Black walnut 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 3.0 0. 7

 Sycamore 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.0 8.3 3. 0

 Black locust -0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 0. 3

 Elm 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.2 -0.0 4. 3

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 5.9 5.6 2.0 1.6 1.9 4. 3

 Total hardwoods 254.3 174.5 235.1 163.1 949.8 517. 3

All species 374.7 390.9 368.3 362.8 1,505.5 1,211. 6

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

 Million board feet
52

Table 39—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Diameter class (inches at breast height )

 All 5.0– 7.0– 9.0– 11.0– 13.0– 15.0– 17.0– 19.0– 21.0–

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 0.2 — 0.2 — — — — — — — — 

 Shortleaf pine 40.1 2.6 7.7 10.2 8.9 4.6 3.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 111.0 9.1 15.4 20.1 18.4 20.4 12.3 6.4 4.7 4.2 — 

 Virginia pine 45.8 7.3 9.6 13.3 9.5 3.9 1.9 0.4 0.1 — — 

 Eastern white pine 0.5 — — — — — — — 0.2 0.4 — 

 Redcedars 1.9 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 — — — — — 

 Total softwoods 199.7 19.3 33.6 43.9 37.1 29.2 17.8 8.5 5.3 5.0 — 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 27.6 2.0 1.6 3.2 4.5 5.6 3.9 2.5 2.6 1.4 0.2

 Select red oaks 5.9 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 — 

 Other white oaks 7.0 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.7 0.9 0.4 — — — 

 Other red oaks 21.7 1.9 1.7 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.4 2.4 1.7 2.1 0.6

 Hickory 8.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.6 — — 

 Yellow birch 0.1 0.1 — — — — — — — — — 

 Hard maple 0.1 — 0.1 — — — — — — — — 

 Soft maple 13.6 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.3

 Beech 2.0 — 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 — 0.4 — 

 Sweetgum 20.2 2.5 2.9 3.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 1.0 0.9 1.5 0.2

 Tupelo and blackgum 1.9 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 — — 0.2 0.1

 Ash 3.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4 — 0.4 0.1 — — 

 Yellow-poplar 45.3 2.2 2.3 3.4 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.7 4.3 7.7 1.4

 Bay and magnolia 0.1 0.1 — — — — — — — — — 

 Black cherry 0.6 — 0.2 0.3 0.1 — — — — — — 

 Black walnut 0.2 — — — — — 0.1 0.1 — — — 

 Sycamore 1.0 — — 0.3 0.2 — 0.4 0.1 — — — 

 Black locust 0.2 0.1 — — 0.1 — — — — — — 

 Elm 2.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 — 0.2 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 — 0.5 — — 0.3 — 

 Total hardwoods 163.1 14.7 16.0 20.5 22.1 23.6 21.3 15.4 11.5 15.4 2.7

All species 33.9 362.8 49.6 64.4 59.2 52.8 39.0 23.9 16.8 20.4 2.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

29.0 and

larger
53

Table 40—Average annual mortality of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber on timberland

by species, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Species

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 15.4 14.9 49.0 

 Loblolly pine 12.4 12.3 37.2 

 Virginia pine 32.7 32.5 78.2 

 Pitch pine 1.4 1.4 4.7 

 Table Mountain pine 0.4 0.3 0.5 

 Eastern white pine 0.6 0.6 1.5 

 Redcedars 0.6 0.5 — 

 Total softwoods 63.6 62.6 171.1 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 7.1 6.7 20.2 

 Select red oaks 3.2 2.9 9.4 

 Other white oaks 1.7 1.6 5.3 

 Other red oaks 11.8 11.0 41.0 

 Hickory 4.6 4.2 15.2 

 Hard maple 0.1 0.1 — 

 Soft maple 6.1 3.5 10.0 

 Beech 0.7 0.5 1.3 

 Sweetgum 5.4 4.6 11.0 

 Tupelo and blackgum 0.9 0.2 0.4 

 Ash 1.2 1.1 0.6 

 Yellow-poplar 7.6 7.3 25.5 

 Black cherry 1.0 0.5 — 

 Black walnut 0.2 0.2 0.4 

 Sycamore 1.2 0.9 2.4 

 Black locust 1.1 1.0 3.2 

 Elm 2.1 1.9 6.6 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 6.3 2.6 7.5 

 Total hardwoods 62.4 50.6 160.2 

All species 113.2 126.0 331.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Million board feet

Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Million cubic feet
54

Table 41—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet )

National forest 7.3 4.3 4.2 0.1 3.0 0.8 2.1 

Other public 14.3 3.1 3.1 0.1 11.2 7.5 3.7 

Forest industry 10.4 9.3 9.3 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.9 

Nonindustrial private 336.3 116.4 113.9 2.5 219.9 131.1 88.9 

 All classes 368.3 133.2 130.4 2.7 235.1 139.5 95.6 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet )

National forest 0.8 0.1 0.1 — 0.7 0.2 0.6 

Other public 3.5 3.2 3.2 — 0.3 0.2 0.1 

Forest industry 10.2 7.9 7.7 0.2 2.3 0.4 1.9 

Nonindustrial private 348.2 188.5 186.7 1.7 159.8 88.4 71.4 

 All classes 362.8 199.7 197.8 1.9 163.1 89.1 73.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 42—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet )

National forest 7.8 4.3 4.2 0.1 3.5 1.0 2.5 

Other public 14.8 3.3 3.2 0.1 11.5 7.8 3.7 

Forest industry 10.4 9.3 9.3 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.8 

Nonindustrial private 357.9 119.8 116.2 3.5 238.1 141.7 96.5 

 All classes 390.9 136.7 132.9 3.8 254.3 150.8 103.4 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet )

National forest 0.9 0.1 0.1 — 0.8 0.2 0.7 

Other public 3.7 3.2 3.2 — 0.5 0.4 0.1 

Forest industry 10.3 7.9 7.7 0.2 2.4 0.5 1.9 

Nonindustrial private 359.8 189.0 187.3 1.7 170.8 93.2 77.6 

 All classes 374.7 200.3 198.4 1.9 174.5 94.3 80.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
55

Table 43—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by

ownership class and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million board feet )

National forest 33.1 18.6 18.6 — 14.4 5.4 9.0 

Other public 81.6 25.3 25.1 0.2 56.3 36.0 20.2 

Forest industry 19.1 17.6 17.6 — 1.5 0.8 0.6 

Nonindustrial private 1,371.8 494.1 487.2 6.9 877.7 512.7 365.0 

 All classes 1,505.5 555.7 548.6 7.1 949.8 555.0 394.8 

Average annual removals (million board feet )

National forest 3.5 0.6 0.6 — 2.9 0.5 2.4 

Other public 9.3 9.3 9.3 — — — — 

Forest industry 20.1 16.3 16.3 — 3.8 1.8 2.0 

Nonindustrial private 1,178.7 668.2 663.7 4.4 510.6 293.8 216.8 

 All classes 1,211.6 694.3 689.9 4.4 517.3 296.1 221.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
56

Table 44—Average net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted — — — — — — — 

 Natural 0.3 — — — 0.3 0.1 0.2 

 Total 0.3 — — — 0.3 0.1 0.2 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 49.0 46.4 46.4 — 2.6 1.4 1.2 

 Natural 87.5 64.2 63.1 1.1 23.3 16.4 6.8 

 Total 136.5 110.6 109.5 1.1 25.9 17.8 8.0 

 Total softwoods 136.8 110.6 109.5 1.1 26.1 17.9 8.3 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.3 

 Natural 44.3 16.3 15.7 0.7 27.9 15.5 12.4 

 Total 45.8 16.8 16.1 0.8 28.9 16.3 12.7 

 Oak-hickory 170.8 5.0 4.2 0.8 165.8 94.4 71.3 

 Oak-gum-cypress 9.6 0.7 0.6 0.1 8.9 6.2 2.7 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 5.4 — — — 5.4 4.7 0.7 

 Total hardwoods 231.5 22.6 20.9 1.7 209.0 121.6 87.3 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 133.2 368.3 130.4 2.7 235.1 139.5 95.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.

Million cubic feet
57

Table 45—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990–2001

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 White-red-jack pine

 Planted — — — — — — — 

 Natural 0.2 — — — 0.2 0.2 — 

 Total 0.2 — — — 0.2 0.2 — 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine

 Planted 31.7 28.8 28.8 — 2.9 0.7 2.2 

 Natural 154.0 135.1 134.0 1.1 18.8 13.0 5.9 

 Total 185.6 163.9 162.8 1.1 21.7 13.6 8.1 

 Total softwoods 185.8 163.9 162.8 1.1 21.9 13.8 8.1 

Hardwood types

 Oak-pine

 Planted 1.2 0.6 0.6 — 0.6 0.6 — 

 Natural 47.1 23.7 23.5 0.1 23.5 10.3 13.1 

 Total 48.3 24.3 24.1 0.1 24.1 10.9 13.1 

 Oak-hickory 117.6 11.3 10.7 0.6 106.3 54.4 51.9 

 Oak-gum-cypress 7.4 0.2 0.2 — 7.2 6.9 0.3 

 Elm-ash-cottonwood 3.7 — — — 3.7 3.1 0.6 

 Total hardwoods 177.0 35.8 35.0 0.8 141.2 75.3 65.9 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 199.7 362.8 197.8 1.9 163.1 89.1 73.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.
58

Table 46—Fresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership class, species group, and tree component,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002

 Component

Cull trees

 Stumps, Stumps,

Ownership class All All live tops, and tops, and

and species group components saplings Total Boles limbs Total Boles limbs

National forest

 Softwood 1,393.0 38.8 1,344.1 1,152.7 191.5 10.1 7.9 2 .2

 Hardwood 3,366.6 470.5 2,648.5 2,147.9 500.6 247.6 188.0 59 .7

 Total 4,759.6 509.3 3,992.6 3,300.6 692.1 257.7 195.9 61 .9

Other public

 Softwood 9,144.4 223.8 8,752.3 7,575.2 1,177.1 168.3 140.7 27 .6

 Hardwood 24,339.9 1,693.0 21,184.7 17,622.9 3,561.8 1,462.2 1,125.9 336 .3

 Total 33,484.2 1,916.8 29,937.0 25,198.1 4,738.9 1,630.5 1,266.6 363 .9

Forest industry

 Softwood 6,565.7 429.1 6,096.0 5,063.9 1,032.1 40.6 31.3 9 .3

 Hardwood 1,915.5 639.7 1,238.0 1,011.3 226.8 37.8 29.2 8 .6

 Total 8,481.2 1,068.8 7,334.0 6,075.2 1,258.9 78.4 60.5 17 .9

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 140,151.4 11,541.8 124,642.1 105,687.4 18,954.8 3,967.5 3,271.0 696 .5

 Hardwood 367,806.8 41,073.1 293,954.1 242,611.3 51,342.8 32,779.6 25,471.9 7,307 .7

 Total 507,958.1 52,614.9 418,596.2 348,298.7 70,297.5 36,747.1 28,742.9 8,004 .2

All ownerships

 Softwood 157,254.4 12,233.5 140,834.5 119,479.1 21,355.4 4,186.5 3,450.9 735 .6

 Hardwood 397,428.7 43,876.2 319,025.3 263,393.4 55,631.9 34,527.2 26,815.0 7,712 .3

 Total 554,683.0 56,109.7 459,859.7 382,872.4 76,987.3 38,713.7 30,265.9 8,447 .8

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Thousand tons

 Growing-stock trees
59

Table 47—Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by

treatment or disturbance and ownership class, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 to 2002

Ownership class

Treatment or All Forest Nonindustrial

disturbance classes Public industry private

Thousand acres

Final harvest 67.6 0.8 3.5 63.3 

Partial harvesta 0.7 18.7 — 17.9 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.8 — — 0.8 

Commercial thinning 6.0 — 0.5 5.5 

Other stand improvement 5.6 0.3 0.5 4.7 

Site preparation 12.0 0.1 3.2 8.7 

Artificial regenerationb 1.1 27.0 3.4 22.5 

Natural regenerationb 0.4 66.3 — 65.9 

Other treatment 11.6 0.7 — 10.9 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 0.6 — — 0.6 

 Insects 9.0 0.4 — 8.5 

 Fire 3.9 0.6 0.1 3.2 

 Weather 12.5 1.8 — 10.7 

 Animals 2.4 — — 2.4 

Other disturbances

 Grazing 4.0 — — 4.0 

 Other human-caused disturbance 10.2 — — 10.2 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in

rows may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.

b Includes establishment of trees for timber production on forest and nonforest land.
60

Table 48—Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by treatment or

disturbance and forest management type, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 to 2002

Forest management typea

Treatment or All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

disturbance types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Final harvest 67.6 3.8 24.3 11.5 26.2 1.7 — 

Partial harvestb 0.8 18.7 5.1 3.7 8.6 0.5 — 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.8 — — 0.3 0.5 — — 

Commercial thinning 6.0 3.3 2.7 — — — — 

Other stand improvement 5.6 1.4 3.0 1.1 0.1 — — 

Site preparation 12.0 1.2 3.3 3.8 3.3 — 0.4 

Other treatment 11.6 0.9 3.9 0.8 5.6 0.4 — 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 0.6 — — — 0.6 — — 

 Insects 9.0 — 6.0 1.9 1.0 — — 

 Fire 3.9 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 — — 

 Weather 12.5 — 4.1 3.2 3.6 1.6 — 

 Animals 2.4 — 0.4 0.1 0.8 1.0 — 

Other disturbances

 Grazing 4.0 — 0.1 0.0 3.7 0.1 — 

 Other human-caused disturbance 10.2 0.4 3.8 1.9 3.4 0.8 — 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in rows may not sum

to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classification before treatment or disturbance.

b Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.

 Thousand acres
61

Table 49—Area of timberland regenerated annually by type of regeneration and forest management type,

Piedmont of North Carolina, 1990 to 2002

Forest management typea

Type of All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

regeneration types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Artificial regeneration

 following harvest 18.1 7.3 — 8.6 2.1 0.2 — 

Natural regeneration

 following harvest 39.2 — 10.1 11.4 15.7 2.1 — 

Other artificial regeneration

 on forest land 3.8 3.2 — 0.0 0.5 — — 

Other natural regeneration

 on forest land 5.6 — 1.3 0.4 3.6 0.4 — 

Artificial regeneration on

 former nonforest land 5.9 5.0 — 1.0 — — — 

Natural reversion of

 former nonforest land 20.7 — 5.0 5.4 9.9 0.4 — 

 Total 93.4 15.5 16.4 26.7 31.8 3.0 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classification after regeneration.
63

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is

dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of

the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood,

water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research,

cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management

of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed

by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing

Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination

in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national

origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation,

or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape,

etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202–720–2600 (voice

and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of

Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call 202–720–5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Brown, Mark J.; Sheffield, Raymond M. 2003. Forest statistics for the

Piedmont of North Carolina, 2002. Resour. Bull. SRS-86. Asheville, NC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 61 p.

This report summarizes a 2002 inventory of the forest resources of a 35-county

area of North Carolina. Major findings are highlighted in text and graphics;

detailed data are presented in 49 tables.

Keywords: Forest ownership, timberland, timber growth, timber removals, timber

volume.
64

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Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

200 Weaver Blvd.

Asheville, NC 28802

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