Criterion 6, Indicator 

30: Value and Volume in 

Round Wood Equivalents 

of Exports and Imports 

of Wood Products

James Howard

Rebecca Westby

Kenneth Skog

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Forest

Products

Laboratory

Research

Note

FPL–RN–0319
December 2010

Howard, James; Westby, Rebecca; Skog, Kenneth. Criterion 6, Indicator 

30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports 

of Wood Products. Research Note FPL-RN-0319. Madison, WI: U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 27 

p.

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the 

public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 

Madison, WI 53726–2398. This publication is also available online at 

www.fpl.fs.fed.us. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries 

in the United States and elsewhere.

The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the 

University of Wisconsin. 

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information 

and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service.

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(voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider 

and employer.

Abstract

This report provides a wide range of specific and statistical 

information on forest products markets in terms of 

production, trade, prices and consumption, employment, and 

other factors influencing forest sustainability.

Keywords: Production, sustainability, consumption

Contents

Indicator Background......................................................... 1

 Verbatim Montreal Process Technical Advisory 

 Committee Notes .......................................................... 1

Indicator Development....................................................... 1

 Data Used To Address Indicator ................................... 1

 Analysis Techniques...................................................... 2

 Specific Steps Taken ..................................................... 2

Indication Interpretation and Discussion ........................... 2

 Indicator Results ........................................................... 2

 Assessment of Ability to Measure Underlying 

 Concern......................................................................... 4

 Suggested Steps for Improvement ................................. 4

Cross-Cutting Issues and Relation to Other Indicators...... 4

Concluding Remarks.......................................................... 4

Sources............................................................................... 5

 Literature Cited and Data Sources................................. 5

Appendix—Specific Data Sources .................................... 6
Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume 

in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and 

Imports of Wood Products

James Howard, Economist 

Rebecca Westby, Economic Assistant

Kenneth Skog, Supervisory Research Forester

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI

Indicator Background

Verbatim Montreal Process Technical 

Advisory Committee Notes

Rationale

For many countries, international trade is a significant factor 

in commercial use of forests. Exports are, in some cases, a 

significant source of value for regional and national economies. Imports may either supplement or be a substitute for 

production from domestic sources. The values and volumes 

of wood product exports and imports are important because 

of the increasing importance of global markets in determining prices in domestic markets, the sustainable use of 

domestic resources, and the profitability of domestic industries.

Measurement

The measurements desired are the following:

•	 The total market value of a nation’s exports of wood 

products, reported by product categories that best fit national circumstances

•	 The total market value of a nation’s imports of wood 

products, reported by product categories that best fit national circumstances

Trade data should be taken from official government reports. The data used here (and for Indicator 6.1.a) could be 

consistent with data reported to international bodies (for 

example, a country’s report on the United Nations Economic 

Commission for Europe/United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization/International Tropical Timber (ECE/

FAO/ITTO) Joint Forest Products Questionnaire). In some 

cases, industry associations also publish trade data that may 

be useful. Trade data are collected and reported in quantity 

units that differ by product.

Conversion of product quantities to a common volume unit 

will allow for aggregation and comparison to quantities 

harvested (see Indicator 6.1.d for related information). The 

reporting basis for values (for example “customs basis” or 

“cost, insurance, and freight”) should be the same for all 

products.

Past analyses of international trade information have shown 

that the volumes exported and imported are sensitive to fluctuations in global prices and the margins between global and 

domestic prices for the products. This may make it difficult 

to interpret trends in exports and imports.

Information from this indicator is needed to calculate consumption (Indicator 6.1.d).

Comments and Clarifications

Additions and Clarifications to Rationale

International trade is a significant factor in commercial use 

of forests. Exports are, in some cases, a significant source 

of value for regional and national economies. Because the 

significance of international trade and exports are well articulated in the rationale, additions and clarifications to the 

rationale are not necessary.

Additions and Clarifications to Measurement

Trade data are taken from official government reports. Trade 

data are collected and reported in quantity units that differ 

by product. Because the collected and reported data quantity units differ by products, a common measurement unit 

(roundwood equivalent) was used.

Indicator Development

Data Used To Address Indicator

General Description

Roundwood equivalent-This equivalent is the volume 

of logs or other round products required to produce given 

quantities of lumber, plywood, wood pulp, paper, or other 

similar products, after deducting the proportion of wood raw 

material input that is obtained not from logs or roundwood 

but from plant byproducts or recycled wood fiber (from recovered paper).

Wood products-The wood product manufacturing subsector manufactures wood products such as lumber, plywood, 
Research Note FPL–RN–0319

2

veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, 

manufactured homes, and prefabricated wood buildings. We 

define the forestry sector to include forestry services (NAICS 1997), lumber and wood products (NAICS 321, 1997), 

paper and allied products (NAICS 322, 1997), and, to the 

extent that data are available, wood furniture (parts of NAICS 337, 1997).

Forestry services (NAICS 08) include firms that may produce some non-wood forest products as well as provide 

management services. These firms may be primarily engaged in managing timber tracts, tree farms, forest nurseries, 

reforestation services, and gathering of gums, barks, balsam 

needles, maple sap, Spanish moss, ginseng, and huckleberry 

greens.

Data available for non-wood forest products are usually for 

the value of products rather than value added. In order to 

compare the size of wood, paper, and furniture industries in 

the economy to the size of non-wood forest products industries, we show the value of shipments, which may be loosely 

compared to the value of non-wood forest products (see 

Table 2).

The value of shipments includes the value added by other 

industries that provide inputs to making wood, paper, and 

wood furniture.

Specific Data Sources in the Appendix

Table 1—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1989

Table 2—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1990

Table 3—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1991

Table 4—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1992

Table 5—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1993

Table 6—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1994

Table 7—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1995

Table 8—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1996

Table 9—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1997

Table 10—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1998

Table 11—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 1999

Table 12—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2000

Table 13—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2001

Table 14—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2002

Table 15—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2003

Table 16—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2004

Table 17—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2005

Table 18—Volume and value of imports and exports of 

timber products by product, 2006

Table 19—Value of forest products imports and exports 

by product group, 1989–2006 (million 2005$)

Table 20—Production, imports, exports, and consumption 

of timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 (million 

cubic feet, roundwood equivalent)

Table 21—Imports and exports of forest products in roundwood equivalents (excluding pulp and recovered paper), 

1965–2006

Table 22—Value of forest products exports by region of 

customs district, 1978–2005 (2005$)

Analysis Techniques

General Description

The technique used in the analysis of this indicator consisted 

of straightforward compilation of trade data from government sources. In most cases, the volume data were in cubic 

feet or dollar values per volume of forest products trade 

group. Some regionalization, aggregation, and conversions 

were necessary to report on regional or national significance 

in roundwood equivalents.

Specific Steps Taken

Data Issues

Because most of the wood product groups are reported in 

different units of measure, direct comparisons were not done 

in many cases on a volume basis. The data did allow for 

comparisons on a value basis because most trade data are 

reported by dollar values.

Indicator Interpretation 

and Discussion

Indicator Results

What Does the Indicator Show?

Between 1990 and 2006, the value of forest products imports increased 73%—from $24 to $41 billion (all dollar 

values adjusted for inflation and reported in 2005$)—but 
3

increases have been small since 1999. At the same time, the 

value of exports increased 15%, from $20 to $24 billion, 

with most of the increase occurring in the early 1990s and 

subsequent declines in more recent years (see Figs. 1 and 2, 

Table 1). In 2006, import value was about 71% higher than 

export value. A factor influencing the competitive position 

of U.S. products versus those in other countries (and trends 

in imports and exports) is the trend in the value of the 

U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.

Between 1990 and 1999, import value for all groups of 

forest products increased. However, the value of imports 

of wood and paper products has not increased since 1999, 

whereas the import value in the “other wood” and log and 

chip categories has continued to rise (though the log and 

chip import value is extremely small relative to the other 

categories).

Wood products include lumber, veneer, and panels. Other 

wood includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, 

cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous 

products. Paper products include paper, paperboard, pulp, 

and recovered paper.

In 2006, the largest share of import value was for paper 

products (49%), followed by wood products (32%), other 

wood products (18%), and logs and chips (1%).

Export value increased a small amount overall between 

1990 and 2006. The export value for paper and other wood 

increased modestly during the first half of the 1990s but has 

remained steady since then. In contrast, the export value for 

both wood products and logs and chips declined steadily 

between 1990 and 2006. (See Fig. 2.)

We now shift to data on imports and exports in terms of 

roundwood equivalent—the amount of wood needed to 

make various products. These estimates do not include 

roundwood equivalent of imports and exports of recovered 

paper.

Between 1990 and 2006 overall imports increased 67%, 

from 2.6 to 4.3 billion cubic feet, while exports decreased 

53%, from 1.8 to 0.8 billion cubic feet. Note that export 

volume has decreased while export value has increased. In 

2006, import volume is over 400% larger than export volume (See Figs. 3 and 4). This margin is much greater than 

the margin of import value over export value.

Import volume increased for all forest product groups between 1990 and 2005, and declined for all groups in 2005 

and 2006 (Fig. 3). The strong increase in volume through 

2004 is in contrast to the limited increase in import value 

over the same period.

The product groups used when estimating roundwood 

equivalent of imports and exports are lumber, plywood and 

veneer, pulpwood based products (including OSB), and logs 

and chips.

In 2006 the largest share of import volume—in roundwood 

equivalent—was for lumber (76%), followed by pulpwood 

based products (18%), plywood and veneer (4%), and logs 

and chips (2%). The actual shares of product volume imported are lower for lumber and plywood because about half 

of the roundwood used to make these products would be left 

in the exporting country.

Export volume declined for all product groups between 

1990 and 2006. Exports of lumber, plywood and veneer, 

and logs and chips all decreased by more than 65%, while 

pulpwood based products decreased 1%. These declines occurred after increases from 1965 to 1990 (Fig. 4).

How Has It Changed Since 2003?

Trends in imports and exports evident prior to 2003 have 

continued. Import value is stable to higher, export value is 

level to declining, import volume is higher, and export volume is trending lower.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion dollars (2005)

Wood products

Paper products

Other wood

Logs and chips

Figure 1. Value of forest products imports by product group, 

1990–2006 (2005$). Each line’s value is added to the line 

below. Source: Table 19.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion dollars (2005)

Wood products

Paper products

Other wood

Logs and chips

Figure 2. Value of forest products exports by product group, 

1990–2006 (2005$) (each line’s value is added to the line 

below). Source: Table 19.

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
4

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Regional Variation and Associated Issues

In 2005 the largest share of export value of forest products 

(Fig. 5) was from the South (44%), followed by the North 

(31%), Pacific Northwest (13%), and other West (12%).

Between 1990 and 2005,

•	 Value for the North increased then stabilized above $6 

billion (2005$) after 1999;

•	 Value for the South peaked in 1995 and has since declined;

•	 Value for the Pacific Northwest declined steadily; and

•	 Value for the other West increased until about 1997, then 

stabilized at above $2 billion (2005$).

Assessment of Ability to Measure 

Underlying Concern

General Assessment

Consistent detailed national data are available over time 

on value as well as roundwood equivalent of imports and 

exports, which allows long-term tracking of trends. Data are 

also available and shown on value of exports by U.S. region. 

Data are not available on use of imports by region.

Congruence of U.S. Results with TAC 

Recommendations

Because of availability of national data on value of imports 

and exports, U.S. results are consistent with the Technical 

Advisory Committee (TAC) recommendations. We present 

information not requested by the TAC guidance on roundwood equivalent of imports and exports to be consistent 

with information included on roundwood equivalent of 

consumption provided in Indicator 28 on per capita consumption and Indicator 32 on import and export shares of 

consumption and production, respectively.

Suggested Steps for Improvement

We have no suggestions for improvement of data sources 

needed for national level reporting.

Cross-Cutting Issues and Relation 

to Other Indicators

The levels and trends in wood and paper exports are key 

factors in sustaining certain benefits from forests—benefits 

of employment and wages (Indicators 36 and 37), benefits 

in revenue to various groups (Distribution of Revenues, Indicator 40), and contribution to community resiliency (Indicator 38). Exports also influence level of harvest (Indicator 

13). Levels and trend in imports also have an influence on 

the same indicators, but in a direction opposite from exports. 

For example, for a given level on wood products consumption in the United States, increased exports would increase 

employment and wages while increased imports would 

decrease employment and wages. The level of exports and 

imports is determined by the competitiveness of U.S. industries in relation to foreign industries which, in turn, is 

influenced in the long run by the level capital investment 

in new technology (Indicator 34), by levels of research and 

education in the U.S. (Indicator 35), and by the productivity 

of U.S. forests (Indicator 11).

Concluding Remarks

What does the information on imports and exports of wood 

products indicate about sustainable forestry and sustaining 

benefits of forests?

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion cubic feet

Lumber

Plywood and veneer

Pulpwood based products

Logs and chips

Figure 3. Imports of forest products in roundwood equivalent (excluding pulp and recovered paper), 1965–2006 (each 

line is added to the one below). Source: Table 21.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion cubic feet

Lumber

Plywood and veneer

Pulpwood based products

Logs and chips

Figure 4. Exports of forest products in roundwood equivalent (excluding pulp and recovered paper), 1965–2006 (each 

line is added to the one below). Source: Table 21.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion dollars (2005)

North

South

Pacific Northwest

Other Western

Figure 5. Value of forest products exports by region of customs district, 1978–2005 (2005$). Source: Table 22.
5

There has been a trend since 1990 in increasing value and 

volume of wood and paper imports relative to exports. If 

this trend continues, we will become increasingly dependent 

on forests outside the United States—becoming less selfsufficient—in providing the benefits from use of wood and 

paper in the United States. The favorable or unfavorable 

effects of forest management and harvesting wood in the 

United States would be shifted to forest management and 

harvesting in other countries.

Sources

Literature Cited and Data Sources

AF&PA. [Current edition]. Paper, paperboard, and wood 

pulp statistical summary. Washington, DC: American Forest 

and Paper Association.

Daniels, J.M. 2008. United States trade in wood products, 

1978-2005. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW–GTR–738. Portland, 

OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific 

Northwest Research Station. 124 p.

Howard, J.L. 1997. U.S. timber production, trade consumption, and price statistics, 1965–1994. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

FPL–GTR–98. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 75 p. 

http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/products/publications/specific_pub.

php?posting_id=14083.

Howard, J.L. 1999. U.S. timber production, trade consumption, and price statistics 1965–1997. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

FPL–GTR–116. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 76 p. 

http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/products/publications/specific_pub.

php?posting_id=13696.

Howard, J.L. 2007. U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics, 1965–2005. FPL–RP–637. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Forest Products Laboratory. 91 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/

documnts/fplrp/fpl_rp637.pdf.

NAICS. 1997. North American Industry Classification System, United States, Executive Office of the President, Office 

of Management and Budget. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. 2009. U.S. Trade Internet System. http://www.fas.usda.

gov/ustrade/ 

U.S. International Trade Commission. [Current edition]. Interactive tariff and trade data web. www.dataweb.usitc.gov/

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
6

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Appendix—Specific Data Sources

Table 1—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1989

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 38.5 13.6 4,557.6 2,175.4 4,519.1 2,161.9 

 Hardwoods 49.4 19.9 241.0 231.1 191.6 211.2 

 Total 87.9 33.4 4,798.5 2,406.5 4,710.6 2,373.1 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 20,697 2,872 3,414 1,756.7 3,414.0 (1,115.2) 

 Hardwoods 349.4 152.4 810.4 634.2 461.0 481.8 

 Railroad tiesf 19.0 3.3 38.1 10.4 19.1 7.1 

 Total 21,065.7 3,027.6 4,262.5 2,401.3 (16,803.2) (626.4) 

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 282.2 25.9 43.5 14.9 (238.7) (11.0) 

 Hardwoodse,f,h 622.3 147.1 644.4 155.7 22.1 8.7 

 Total 904.6 173.0 687.9 170.6 (216.7) (2.4) 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 82.2 26.6 1,450.9 269.6 1,368.7 243.0 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2.7 0.9 97.9 20.2 95.1 19.4 

 Total 84.9 27.5 1,548.8 289.9 1,463.8 262.4 

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 368.0 92.4 169.8 63.6 (198.1) (28.8) 

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 53.5 14.6 162.9 39.7 109.4 25.1 

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 1,110.8 128.5 60.5 9.9 (1,050.3) (118.6) 

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

649.8 41.8 428.7 39.7 (221.1) (2.1) 

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 93.0 4.6 60.6 3.5 (32.4) (1.1) 

 Chipse 241.6 27.8 1,307.3 388.2 1,065.7 360.4 

 Total 334.6 32.3 1,368.0 391.6 1,033.4 359.3 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,005.1 2,980.6 6,231.2 3,512.6 1,226.1 532.0 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 8,553.4 4,379.6 624.8 357.4 (7,928.6) (4,022.2) 

 Printing and writing paper 2,733.0 1,996.1 478.3 465.5 (2,254.7) (1,530.7) 

 Paperboard 533.5 280.4 3,757.7 1,734.4 3,224.2 1,454.0 

 Other paper and boardj 718.8 575.4 399.0 425.7 (319.7) (149.7) 

 Converted products 562.5 1,098.3 1,040.0 1,278.3 477.6 180.1 

 Total 13,101.1 8,329.9 6,299.8 4,261.3 (6,801.2) (4,068.6) 

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 172.6 33.2 5,980.6 729.8 5,808.0 696.6 

Other wood productsk

 1,979.8 276.1 (1,703.7) 

 Total all productsf,g,l 16,894.7 14,592.7 (2,302.0) 

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).
7

Table 2—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1990 

Product

Standard 

unit of measure 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 17.8 6.9 4,238.2 2,201.9 4,220.4 2,194.9 

 Hardwoods 15.0 11.1 273.3 258.2 258.2 247.1 

 Total 32.8 18.0 4,511.4 2,460.0 4,478.6 2,442.0 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 12,874.7 2,530.1 2,970.0 1,584.5 (9,904.7) (945.6) 

 Hardwoods 231.7 140.7 801.6 790.2 569.9 649.5 

 Railroad tiesf 25.8 4.7 51.9 14.2 26.1 9.5 

 Total 13,132.1 2,675.4 3,823.4 2,388.8 (9,308.6) (286.5) 

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 508.6 22.7 138.9 15.3 (369.7) (7.3) 

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,365.1 142.1 1,680.9 193.7 315.8 51.6 

 Total 1,873.6 164.8 1,819.8 209.0 (53.9) 44.2 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 69.2 21.7 1,842.2 305.2 1,773.1 283.5 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 4.2 0.9 123.2 28.6 119.1 27.7 

 Total 73.3 22.6 1,965.4 333.8 1,892.1 311.2 

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 300.8 67.1 248.5 82.2 (52.3) 15.1 

Medium-density fiberboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 60.9 8.4 124.1 48.2 63.2 39.8 

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 1,312.7 121.4 60.5 9.9 (1,252.2) (111.5) 

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

627.1 45.0 553.5 44.3 (73.6) (0.7) 

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 11.0 0.7 494.5 40.0 483.5 39.2 

 Chipse 213.1 22.6 1,391.3 412.0 1,178.2 389.5 

 Total 224.1 23.3 1,885.8 452.0 1,661.7 428.7 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 4,893.4 2,831.3 5,905.3 3,155.7 1,012.0 324.3 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 8,299.6 4,247.1 536.0 293.2 (7,763.6) (3,953.9) 

 Printing and writing paper 3,104.9 2,248.4 664.8 717.7 (2,440.0) (1,530.7) 

 Paperboard 626.2 305.9 4,219.7 1,988.1 3,593.5 1,682.2 

 Other paper and boardj 698.1 624.1 328.1 450.7 (370.0) (173.4) 

 Converted products 418.7 999.7 1,047.8 1,585.4 629.0 585.7 

 Total 13,147.5 8,425.3 6,796.4 5,035.2 (6,351.1) (3,390.1) 

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 122.5 26.3 6,514.7 779.7 6,392.1 753.3 

Other wood productsk 2,015.0 561.7 (1,453.3) 

 

 Total all productsf,g,l 16,443.8 15,560.4 (883.4) 

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include wood 

furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
8

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 3—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1991 

Product

Standard 

unit of measure 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 8.7 5.4 3,981.2 1,928.5 3,972.5 1,923.1 

 Hardwoods 8.0 6.7 347.1 241.8 339.1 235.1 

 Total 16.7 12.1 4,328.3 2,170.3 4,311.5 2,158.2 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 11,514.9 2,501.2 2,996.7 1,341.4 (8,518.2) (1,159.8)

 Hardwoods 210.2 142.5 869.3 850.0 659.1 707.5 

 Railroad tiesf 30.5 5.4 61.4 17.1 30.9 11.6 

 Total 11,755.6 2,649.1 3,927.3 2,208.5 (7,828.3) (440.7)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 533.7 22.0 170.6 17.3 (363.1) (4.6)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,160.6 116.5 1,725.2 200.3 564.6 83.7 

 Total 1,694.3 138.5 1,895.8 217.6 201.5 79.1 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 43.4 13.5 1,331.9 250.9 1,288.4 237.4 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 4.1 1.2 202.2 40.8 198.1 39.6 

 Total 47.6 14.7 1,534.1 291.6 1,486.5 277.0 

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 256.1 61.0 261.3 85.2 5.2 24.2 

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 33.0 12.6 143.0 56.1 110.0 43.5 

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 987.9 107.0 60.5 9.9 (927.4) (97.0)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

478.9 34.7 607.7 48.6 128.8 13.9 

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 5.0 0.5 1,052.5 72.9 1,047.5 72.5 

 Chipse 201.3 23.1 1,599.6 487.6 1,398.3 464.6 

 Total 206.3 23.6 2,652.1 560.6 2,445.8 537.0 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 4,996.5 2,131.7 6,337.5 2,799.6 1,341.0 667.9 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,490.0 3,978.7 743.2 387.9 (6,746.8) (3,590.8)

 Printing and writing paper 2,934.8 2,074.5 932.6 905.8 (2,002.2) (1,168.7)

 Paperboard 772.7 335.4 4,950.8 2,246.6 4,178.1 1,911.2 

 Other paper and boardj 578.6 564.9 416.2 527.1 (162.4) (37.8)

 Converted products 391.4 975.9 1,288.7 1,939.0 897.3 963.2 

 Total 12,167.4 7,929.4 8,331.4 6,006.4 (3,836.1) (1,923.0)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 121.9 24.7 6,597.7 715.2 6,475.8 690.5 

Other wood productsk 1,898.9 859.5 (1,039.4)

 Total all productsf,g,l 15,037.9 16,029.1 991.2 

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).
9

Table 4—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1992 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume 

Valueb

(Million 

dollars) Volume 

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume 

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 44.8 21.2 3,479.4 1,971.5 3,434.6 1,950.3 

 Hardwoods 13.9 7.2 316.0 246.4 302.1 239.2 

 Total 58.7 28.4 3,795.3 2,217.9 3,736.6 2,189.5 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 13,189.5 3,304.7 2,566.7 1,349.4 (10,622.8) (1,955.3)

 Hardwoods 259.9 175.9 919.0 963.4 659.2 787.5 

 Railroad tiesf 24.9 5.7 59.1 13.4 34.2 7.8 

 Total 13,474.3 3,486.3 3,544.9 2,326.2 (9,929.4) (1,160.0)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 747.9 35.1 187.4 18.6 (560.5) (16.6)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,462.7 146.8 1,885.3 215.4 422.6 68.7 

 Total 2,210.6 181.9 2,072.6 234.0 (138.0) 52.1 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 76.9 23.9 1,455.6 308.4 1,378.7 284.5 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 6.6 2.7 287.5 55.2 281.0 52.5 

 Total 83.4 26.6 1,743.1 363.6 1,659.7 337.0 

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 359.0 94.4 298.5 93.3 (60.5) (1.2)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 45.7 17.5 124.3 47.7 78.6 30.2 

 

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 1.6 238.4 46.0 6.9 44.4 (231.5)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

428.0 33.1 838.7 62.8 410.7 29.7 

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 28.3 1.9 992.4 63.9 964.1 62.0 

 Chipse 153.9 16.5 1,695.3 474.4 1,541.4 458.0 

 Total 182.2 18.3 2,687.7 538.3 2,505.5 520.0 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,029.3 2,094.2 7,222.3 3,114.4 2,193.0 1,020.2 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,339.6 3,599.0 1,022.8 467.4 (6,316.8) (3,131.6)

 Printing and writing paper 3,173.2 2,100.1 1,158.2 1,022.7 (2,015.0) (1,077.3)

 Paperboard 944.1 414.4 4,899.6 2,231.2 3,955.4 1,816.8 

 Other paper and boardj 655.2 640.8 478.8 583.7 (176.4) (57.0)

 Converted products 430.6 1,145.1 1,411.4 2,086.9 980.9 941.8 

 Total 12,542.7 7,899.3 8,970.7 6,391.9 (3,571.9) (1,507.4)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 149.7 27.7 6,447.7 643.5 6,298.0 615.8 

Other wood productsk 2,238.1 948.7 (1,289.3)

 Total all productsf,g,l 16,384.2 16,989.3 605.2 

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include wood 

furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
10

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 5—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1993

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 111.8 46.6 3,067.9 2,316.8 2,956.1 2,270.3

 Hardwoods 15.5 9.6 340.8 263.6 325.3 254.0

 Total 127.3 56.2 3,408.8 2,580.4 3,281.4 2,524.2

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 15,085.5 4,808.1 2,272.2 1,371.4 (12,813.3) (3,436.7)

 Hardwoods 313.5 224.2 952.1 1,066.8 638.6 842.5

 Railroad tiesf 30.5 14.2 83.5 18.0 53.0 3.7

 Total 15,429.4 5,046.6 3,307.8 2,456.1 (12,121.7) (2,590.5)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 750.6 44.1 232.5 25.8 (518.1) (18.2)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,743.2 175.7 1,977.8 225.6 234.6 49.9

 Total 2,493.9 219.8 2,210.3 251.4 (283.5) 31.7

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 94.9 32.9 1,419.5 334.2 1,324.6 301.4

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 14.0 2.6 236.4 63.7 222.4 61.2

 Total 108.9 35.4 1,655.9 398.0 1,547.0 362.6

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 523.0 160.9 249.2 89.5 (273.9) (71.4)

Medium-density fiberboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 51.8 20.2 106.6 45.6 54.8 25.4

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 2.2 337.6 59.4 9.7 57.2 (327.9)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

514.9 41.6 919.5 72.7 404.7 31.1

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 63.7 4.6 1,029.6 72.9 965.9 68.3

 Chipse 226.0 26.7 1,574.4 423.3 1,348.4 396.6

 Total 289.8 31.4 2,604.0 496.2 2,314.3 464.9

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,412.8 1,860.2 6,499.1 2,369.4 1,086.3 509.3

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,783.9 3,593.3 1,019.1 496.1 (6,764.8) (3,097.3)

 Printing and writing paper 3,984.3 2,570.1 1,120.4 980.4 (2,863.8) (1,589.7)

 Paperboard 1,080.4 441.5 4,907.9 2,157.3 3,827.5 1,715.8

 Other paper and boardj 622.3 637.9 473.9 603.3 (148.4) (34.6)

 Converted products 500.0 1,283.7 1,604.4 2,304.2 1,104.5 1,020.5

 Total 13,970.8 8,526.5 9,125.8 6,541.3 (4,845.0) (1,985.2)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 137.8 22.3 5,888.4 533.2 5,750.5 511.0

Other wood productsk 2,538.9 996.9 (1,542.0)

 Total all productsf,g,l 18,897.4 16,840.4 (2,057.1)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).
11

Table 6—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1994 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 149.3 60.5 2,882.2 2,085.1 2,732.9 2,024.6

 Hardwoods 47.3 16.8 354.3 292.5 307.0 275.7

 Total 196.6 77.3 3,236.5 2,377.6 3,039.9 2,300.3

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 16,223.5 5,776.0 2,075.1 1,309.7 (14,148.4) (4,466.3)

 Hardwoods 369.3 283.4 992.3 1,107.7 623.0 824.2

 Railroad tiesf 12.4 6.1 105.9 26.2 93.5 20.1

 Total 16,605.1 6,065.4 3,173.3 2,443.5 (13,431.8) (3,621.9)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 1,090.0 59.9 149.3 21.9 (940.7) (38.1)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,809.0 193.9 2,478.4 284.4 669.4 90.5

 Total 2,899.0 253.9 2,627.7 306.3 (271.3) 52.4

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 102.6 36.5 1,224.4 291.7 1,121.8 255.3

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 10.4 4.0 206.8 55.9 196.4 51.9

 Total 113.0 40.5 1,431.2 347.6 1,318.3 307.1

 

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 698.8 236.4 234.2 84.9 (464.7) (151.5)

 

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 74.8 34.9 107.1 51.2 32.3 16.3

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 2.6 477.0 78.3 14.2 75.7 (462.8)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

816.4 57.7 1,189.8 107.4 373.5 49.7

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 168.8 9.7 1,077.5 87.5 908.7 77.8

 Chipse 114.6 15.3 1,706.6 455.8 1,592.1 440.5

 Total 283.4 25.0 2,784.1 543.2 2,500.7 518.3

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,650.0 2,271.5 6,727.9 2,833.4 1,077.9 561.9

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,881.4 3,332.7 949.7 480.2 (6,931.7) (2,852.5)

 Printing and writing paper 4,356.4 2,772.2 1,495.9 1,263.4 (2,860.5) (1,508.8)

 Paperboard 1,223.6 514.6 5,427.6 2,454.5 4,203.9 1,939.9

 Other paper and boardj 765.0 773.0 600.8 699.4 (164.2) (73.6)

 Converted products 689.2 1,570.4 1,622.9 2,643.4 933.6 1,073.0

 Total 14,915.7 8,963.0 10,096.9 7,540.8 (4,818.8) (1,422.2)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 252.5 34.5 7,704.9 875.3 7,452.4 840.8

Other wood productsk 2,799.4 991.9 (1,807.5)

 Total all productsf,g,l

 21,336.6 18,517.5 (2,819.1)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include wood 

furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
12

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 7—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1995 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 138.6 58.3 3,068.9 2,110.1 2,930.3 2,051.7

 Hardwoods 56.1 21.9 344.3 291.2 288.2 269.3

 Total 194.6 80.3 3,413.2 2,401.3 3,218.6 2,321.1

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 17,201.6 5,225.9 1,871.7 1,210.4 (15,329.9) (4,015.6)

 Hardwoods 354.3 288.8 1,045.0 1,186.8 690.7 898.0

 Railroad tiesf 11.8 4.1 104.4 24.2 92.6 20.2

 Total 17,567.7 5,518.8 3,021.1 2,421.4 (14,546.6) (3,097.4)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 1,068.5 58.7 149.6 22.9 (918.9) (35.8)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,132.8 230.0 2,596.6 307.7 463.8 77.7

 Total 3,201.3 288.7 2,746.2 330.6 (455.1) 41.9

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 107.2 40.6 1,277.3 303.2 1,170.1 262.6

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 11.3 3.8 209.1 60.0 197.9 56.2

 Total 118.5 44.4 1,486.5 363.2 1,367.9 318.8

Particleboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 768.6 279.9 259.4 87.6 (509.2) (192.3)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 69.9 37.0 107.3 51.7 37.3 14.7

OSB/waferboardh

 Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 3.2 534.5 81.7 16.0 78.5 (518.5)

Hardboardh

 Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

926.0 70.4 1,377.3 127.9 451.3 57.5

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 228.0 20.0 1,164.9 101.9 936.9 81.9

 Chipse 241.1 39.8 1,820.2 554.4 1,579.0 514.6

 Total 469.2 59.8 2,985.1 656.3 2,515.9 596.4

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,969.1 3,727.9 8,261.4 4,536.5 2,292.3 808.6

Paper and boarde,i

 Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,807.5 4,418.1 828.8 591.0 (6,978.7) (3,827.0)

 Printing and writing paper 4,835.2 4,263.2 1,510.9 1,631.4 (3,324.3) (2,631.8)

 Paperboard 1,417.9 810.3 6,041.6 3,456.8 4,623.7 2,646.5

 Other paper and boardj 800.3 927.7 696.9 906.4 (103.4) (21.3)

 Converted products 793.2 1,921.0 1,866.1 3,094.3 1,072.9 1,173.3

 Total 15,654.0 12,340.3 10,944.2 9,679.9 (4,709.8) (2,660.3)

Recovered papere

 Thousand short tons 497.9 86.6 10,395.4 1,560.7 9,897.5 1,474.1

Other wood productsk 2,961.1 1,013.4 (1,947.7)

 Total all productsf,g,l 26,029.7 23,246.7 (2,783.1)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).
13

Table 8—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1996 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 122.3 49.4 2,904.8 1,968.0 2,782.5 1,918.7 

 Hardwoods 67.6 26.9 292.6 253.6 225.0 226.7 

 Total 189.9 76.3 3,197.4 2,221.6 3,007.5 2,145.4 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 18,020.9 6,533.1 1,789.5 1,173.2 (16,231.4) (5,359.9)

 Hardwoods 376.8 296.1 1,089.7 1,220.3 712.9 924.2 

 Railroad tiesf 30.3 7.4 97.3 22.8 66.9 15.4 

 Total 18,428.1 6,836.6 2,976.5 2,416.3 (15,451.6) (4,420.3)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 937.8 53.5 152.0 24.5 (785.7) (28.9)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,093.4 253.4 2,606.3 311.0 512.9 57.6 

 Total 3,031.2 306.9 2,758.3 335.5 (272.8) 28.6 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 94.9 33.5 1,248.2 271.1 1,153.3 237.7 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 1,810.6 658.7 192.5 56.8 (1,618.1) (601.8)

 Total 1,905.5 692.1 1,440.7 328.0 (464.8) (364.1)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 2,914.8 881.4 289.2 98.2 (2,625.5) (783.2)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 124.9 52.4 64.6 31.7 (60.4) (20.7)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 4.4 595.8 156.6 25.3 152.2 (570.5)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

1,183.4 98.7 1,425.8 133.2 242.4 34.5 

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 149.4 11.3 1,121.0 103.5 971.6 92.2 

 Chipse 265.7 42.9 2,008.9 559.5 1,743.2 516.6 

 Total 415.1 54.3 3,129.8 663.0 2,714.8 608.7 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,691.9 2,580.3 7,169.8 3,174.1 1,478.0 593.9 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 6,950.8 4,063.3 1,116.6 651.9 (5,834.2) (3,411.5)

 Printing and writing paper 4,419.4 3,620.0 1,670.7 1,611.2 (2,748.7) (2,008.8)

 Paperboard 1,328.5 649.6 6,610.3 3,264.6 5,281.8 2,615.0 

 Other paper and boardj 868.1 1,001.7 732.8 942.7 (135.4) (59.0)

 Converted products 851.2 2,167.0 1,991.9 3,254.9 1,140.8 1,087.9 

 Total 14,418.0 11,501.6 12,122.4 9,725.2 (2,295.6) (1,776.4)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 473.7 55.2 7,159.3 745.0 6,685.6 689.9 

Other wood productsk

 1,977.7 1,138.1 (839.6)

 Total all productsf,g,l 25,709.3 21,035.4 (4,673.9)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
14

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 9—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1997 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 91.5 40.9 2,602.7 1,471.4 2,511.2 1,430.5

 Hardwoods 58.8 28.3 379.9 313.1 321.1 284.8

 Total 150.3 69.2 2,982.6 1,784.5 2,832.3 1,715.3

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 17,824.4 7,003.7 1,645.3 1,051.0 (16,179.1) (5,952.7)

 Hardwoods 451.2 356.7 1,224.4 1,431.7 773.2 1,075.0

 Railroad tiesf 27.2 7.8 87.3 20.9 60.1 13.1

 Total 18,302.8 7,368.2 2,957.0 2,503.6 (15,345.8) (4,864.6)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 987.3 66.0 202.0 22.8 (785.4) (43.2)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,994.9 269.8 2,865.9 361.6 870.9 91.9

 Total 2,982.3 335.8 3,067.9 384.5 85.6 48.7

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 130.4 41.9 1,548.2 345.1 1,417.8 303.2

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 1,782.8 636.1 176.6 56.4 (1,606.2) (579.7)

 Total 1,913.2 678.1 1,724.8 401.5 (188.4) (276.5)

Particleboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 3,414.0 895.6 320.8 123.5 (3,093.2) (772.1)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 211.4 89.5 72.5 33.8 (138.9) (55.7)

OSB/waferboardh

 Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 5.3 595.2 167.2 34.5 161.9 (560.7)

Hardboardh

 Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

1,305.7 116.7 1,259.1 125.1 (46.6) 8.4

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 45.4 2.3 1,166.9 108.8 1,121.5 106.5

 Chipse 235.5 43.1 2,034.6 501.5 1,799.1 458.5

 Total 280.9 45.3 3,201.5 610.3 2,920.6 565.0

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,397.5 2,540.4 6,990.2 2,980.8 592.7 440.4

Paper and boarde,i

 Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,168.5 3,590.4 1,066.2 522.3 (6,102.3) (3,068.0)

 Printing and writing paper 5,257.1 3,841.9 1,666.6 1,664.1 (3,590.4) (2,177.8)

 Paperboard 1,497.5 692.3 7,357.0 3,443.3 5,859.6 2,751.0

 Other paper and boardj 996.7 1,089.6 890.8 1,070.2 (105.9) (19.3)

 Converted products 936.2 2,310.1 2,181.2 3,491.2 1,245.0 1,181.2

 Total 15,855.9 11,524.2 13,161.8 10,191.2 (2,694.1) (1,333.0)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 692.6 76.8 7,505.2 747.4 6,812.6 670.6

Other wood productsk 2,659.0 1,323.4 (1,335.6)

 Total all productsf,g,l 26,993.8 21,244.0 (5,749.8)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United 

States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not

include wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American

Forest and Paper Association (current edition).
15

Table 10—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1998 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 173.5 61.0 2,133.7 1,006.1 1,960.1 945.1 

 Hardwoods 51.9 33.2 402.8 319.6 350.9 286.4 

 Total 225.4 94.2 2,536.4 1,325.7 2,311.0 1,231.5 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 18,518.6 6,331.9 1,130.7 687.9 (17,388.0) (5,644.0)

 Hardwoods 548.8 398.6 1,060.2 1,221.6 511.4 822.9 

 Railroad tiesf 31.0 12.9 217.6 43.0 186.6 30.1 

 Total 19,098.4 6,743.4 2,408.4 1,952.5 (16,690.0) (4,790.9)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 1,224.4 77.4 223.9 24.1 (1,000.4) (53.3)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,210.8 279.8 2,713.2 340.3 502.3 60.5 

 Total 3,435.2 357.2 2,937.1 364.4 (498.1) 7.2 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 212.5 69.2 764.0 183.8 551.5 114.6 

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,008.9 605.3 142.5 44.1 (1,866.4) (561.2)

 Total 2,221.4 674.5 906.5 227.9 (1,314.9) (446.6)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 4,015.9 1,301.8 267.7 123.1 (3,748.2) (1,178.6)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 392.3 165.2 47.5 24.9 (344.8) (140.3)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 6.5 1,034.6 100.2 29.4 93.7 (1,005.3)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

1,273.3 138.7 870.7 80.5 (402.6) (58.3)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 80.1 5.6 1,114.9 109.0 1,034.8 103.4 

 Chipse 152.4 29.7 1,987.2 482.4 1,834.8 452.7 

 Total 232.5 35.3 3,102.1 591.4 2,869.7 556.1 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 5,984.1 2,363.6 6,024.6 2,537.9 40.4 174.3 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,188.4 3,765.8 861.2 460.3 (6,327.2) (3,305.4)

 Printing and writing paper 5,915.7 4,396.5 1,544.0 1,539.4 (4,371.7) (2,857.1)

 Paperboard 1,665.9 771.5 6,682.1 3,282.9 5,016.2 2,511.4 

 Other paper and boardj 1,259.9 1,139.8 937.9 1,079.2 (322.0) (60.6)

 Converted products 1,025.5 2,484.1 2,219.0 3,469.2 1,193.5 985.1 

 Total 17,055.3 12,557.7 12,244.2 9,831.1 (4,811.1) (2,726.6)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 511.0 60.3 8,100.4 753.1 7,589.4 692.8 

Other wood productsk 2,719.8 1,297.1 (1,422.7)

 Total all productsf,g,l 28,246.3 19,139.0 (9,107.3)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
16

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 11—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1999 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 263.5 94.5 2,143.5 1,001.8 1,879.9 907.3 

 Hardwoods 41.5 33.9 441.7 336.7 400.2 302.8 

 Total 305.0 128.4 2,585.2 1,338.5 2,280.2 1,210.1 

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 18,986.1 7,374.3 1,264.4 737.1 (17,721.7) (6,637.2)

 Hardwoods 633.8 441.3 1,182.1 1,354.6 548.3 913.3 

 Railroad tiesf 17.3 4.7 194.9 37.3 177.6 32.6 

 Total 19,637.2 7,820.3 2,641.4 2,129.0 (16,995.8) (5,691.3)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 1,582.8 104.1 306.5 39.4 (1,276.3) (64.7)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,350.7 299.3 2,977.0 369.4 626.3 70.1 

 Total 3,933.4 403.3 3,283.4 408.8 (650.0) 5.4 

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 599.2 175.8 594.9 146.8 (4.4) (29.0)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,218.9 717.5 144.5 49.2 (2,074.4) (668.3)

 Total 2,818.2 893.2 739.4 196.0 (2,078.8) (697.3)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 4,123.7 1,727.9 310.5 153.9 (3,813.2) (1,574.0)

Medium-density fiberboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 594.1 239.2 56.1 29.4 (538.0) (209.9)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 7.4 1,479.5 179.6 47.7 172.3 (1,431.8)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

1,782.5 159.4 915.9 89.9 (866.6) (69.5)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 19.0 1.4 1,084.8 109.7 1,065.8 108.3 

 Chipse 94.9 18.0 2,035.3 445.6 1,940.3 427.6 

 Total 114.0 19.4 3,120.1 555.3 3,006.1 535.9 

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,659.6 2,518.6 5,935.6 2,543.2 (723.9) 24.6 

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,491.5 3,517.4 776.2 423.3 (6,715.3) (3,094.0)

 Printing and writing paper 6,477.1 4,701.6 1,696.4 1,618.4 (4,780.7) (3,083.3)

 Paperboard 1,970.6 919.2 6,072.2 3,003.6 4,101.6 2,084.4 

 Other paper and boardj 1,402.5 1,280.7 986.9 1,094.9 (415.6) (185.8)

 Converted products 1,146.3 2,721.6 2,288.5 3,639.7 1,142.2 918.1 

 Total 18,488.0 13,140.5 11,820.2 9,779.9 (6,667.8) (3,360.6)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 426.0 60.4 8,285.6 822.0 7,859.6 761.7 

Other wood productsk

 3,157.2 1,279.3 (1,877.9)

 Total all productsf,g,l 31,747.3 19,372.9 (12,374.5)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest and 

Paper Association (current edition).
17

Table 12—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2000 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 390.4 156.4 2,065.8 1,018.1 1,675.4 861.7

 Hardwoods 59.2 44.5 572.5 415.4 513.3 371.0

 Total 449.6 200.9 2,638.3 1,433.5 2,188.7 1,232.7

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 19,241.4 6,567.5 1,184.5 710.2 (18,056.9) (5,857.2)

 Hardwoods 712.8 493.0 1,250.1 1,428.1 537.3 935.1

 Railroad tiesf 24.3 10.3 147.1 29.8 122.8 19.5

 Total 19,978.4 7,070.8 2,581.7 2,168.1 (17,396.8) (4,902.6)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 1,859.2 109.4 327.6 39.3 (1,531.6) (70.1)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,479.9 345.4 3,189.6 409.1 709.7 63.8

 Total 4,339.1 454.8 3,517.3 448.5 (821.8) (6.3)

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 550.7 159.0 577.1 149.4 26.4 (9.6)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,201.0 696.9 134.6 47.6 (2,066.4) (649.3)

 Total 2,751.7 855.8 711.7 197.0 (2,040.0) (658.9)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 5,027.1 1,530.7 316.9 161.5 (4,710.1) (1,369.2)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 818.2 257.3 85.4 43.3 (732.8) (213.9)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 7.6 1,272.1 179.0 43.9 171.3 (1,228.2)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

1,763.5 206.4 942.1 104.5 (821.4) (101.9)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 28.5 3.0 1,130.7 114.7 1,102.2 111.8

 Chipse 98.8 18.2 1,705.9 397.3 1,607.1 379.1

 Total 127.3 21.2 2,836.6 512.0 2,709.3 490.8

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 7,226.8 3,274.8 6,408.6 3,222.0 (818.2) (52.8)

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 7,540.6 3,788.8 857.2 491.7 (6,683.4) (3,297.1)

 Printing and writing paper 7,139.0 5,539.8 1,892.3 1,872.2 (5,246.7) (3,667.7)

 Paperboard 1,983.1 1,069.9 6,239.9 3,242.2 4,256.8 2,172.4

 Other paper and boardj 1,285.8 1,308.3 1,090.3 1,268.9 (195.5) (39.5)

 Converted products 1,320.8 3,144.6 2,428.9 3,922.9 1,108.1 778.3

 Total 19,269.2 14,851.5 12,508.6 10,797.9 (6,760.6) (4,053.6)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 607.9 91.2 10,560.1 1,183.0 9,952.2 1,091.9

Other wood productsk 3,596.6 1,339.2 (2,257.5)

 Total all productsf,g,l 33,683.9 21,654.4 (12,029.5)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United 

States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American

Forest and Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
18

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 13—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2001 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 399.0 140.2 1,921.0 813.4 1,522.0 673.1

 Hardwoods 59.9 42.2 598.2 431.5 538.3 389.3

 Total 458.9 182.4 2,519.2 1,244.9 2,060.3 1,062.5

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 19,884.3 6,385.2 799.6 488.1 (19,084.7) (5,897.1)

 Hardwoods 603.7 461.8 1,116.6 1,225.6 512.8 763.7

 Railroad tiesf 16.4 7.3 160.9 27.5 144.5 20.2

 Total 20,504.4 6,854.4 2,077.0 1,741.1 (18,427.4) (5,113.2)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 2,097.3 122.2 223.4 30.5 (1,873.9) (91.7)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,159.3 297.7 3,060.2 374.3 900.9 76.7

 Total 4,256.6 419.8 3,283.5 404.8 (973.0) (15.0)

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 849.0 214.4 418.6 105.0 (430.5) (109.4)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,251.7 653.3 110.5 38.8 (2,141.2) (614.4)

 Total 3,100.7 867.7 529.0 143.8 (2,571.7) (723.8)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 5,464.6 1,252.7 318.0 157.0 (5,146.6) (1,095.6)

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 695.2 278.8 79.3 40.0 (615.9) (238.7)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 8.1 1,016.8 167.0 38.6 158.9 (978.1)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

2,298.6 283.2 787.5 76.2 (1,511.1) (207.0)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 12.5 1.5 1,187.2 103.0 1,174.6 101.4

 Chipse 52.2 9.3 1,277.0 295.9 1,224.8 286.6

 Total 64.7 10.8 2,464.2 398.8 2,399.5 388.0

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 7,348.3 2,569.3 6,166.7 2,631.6 (1,181.7) 62.3

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 6,822.2 3,597.2 767.0 409.1 (6,055.2) (3,188.1)

 Printing and writing paper 6,962.7 5,299.3 1,684.0 1,647.1 (5,278.7) (3,652.2)

 Paperboard 1,947.6 1,003.1 5,782.2 2,909.8 3,834.6 1,906.8

 Other paper and boardj 1,384.3 1,341.5 985.9 1,204.4 (398.4) (137.1)

 Converted products 1,396.6 3,280.0 2,284.5 3,897.7 887.9 617.7

 Total 18,513.4 14,521.1 11,503.6 10,068.2 (7,009.8) (4,452.8)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 327.9 47.5 10,533.0 886.2 10,205.1 838.7

Other wood productsk 3,813.1 1,159.9 (2,653.2)

 Total all productsf,g,l 32,117.6 18,991.3 (13,126.2)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United 

States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American

Forest and Paper Association (current edition).
19

Table 14—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2002 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 466.0 161.0 1,744.9 724.5 1,278.9 563.5

 Hardwoods 70.7 41.5 683.6 483.3 612.8 441.8

 Total 536.7 202.5 2,428.5 1,207.8 1,891.8 1,005.3

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 20,823.4 6,156.7 719.1 421.7 (20,104.2) (5,735.0)

 Hardwoods 652.4 468.4 1,171.5 1,241.0 519.1 772.6

 Railroad tiesf 50.0 21.9 245.7 29.7 195.7 7.8

 Total 21,525.7 6,647.0 2,136.3 1,692.4 (19,389.4) (4,954.6)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 2,385.4 136.1 260.3 39.7 (2,125.1) (96.4)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,321.0 318.6 3,448.9 417.9 1,128.0 99.3

 Total 4,706.3 454.7 3,709.2 457.6 (997.1) 2.9

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 1,188.0 278.6 382.0 95.0 (806.0) (183.5)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,747.4 780.4 109.5 40.2 (2,637.9) (740.2)

 Total 3,935.4 1,058.9 491.5 135.2 (3,443.9) (923.8)

Particleboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 37.9 12.1 118.9 47.4 81.0 35.4

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 660.3 269.6 92.8 46.8 (567.5) (222.8)

OSB/waferboardh

 Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 8.5 1,076.8 195.7 41.0 187.2 (1,035.8)

Hardboardh

 Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

2,676.4 406.9 669.3 69.3 (2,007.1) (337.6)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 23.3 2.1 972.9 102.7 949.7 100.6

 Chipse 43.9 8.0 911.7 197.1 867.9 189.1

 Total 67.1 10.1 1,884.7 299.8 1,817.6 289.7

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 7,247.4 2,294.2 6,253.7 2,612.2 (993.7) 318.0

Paper and boarde,i

 Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 6,904.8 3,039.1 729.5 330.2 (6,175.3) (2,708.8)

 Printing and writing paper 7,249.0 4,833.6 1,418.9 1,423.4 (5,830.1) (3,410.2)

 Paperboard 2,065.3 1,017.4 5,865.3 2,872.0 3,800.0 1,854.6

 Other paper and boardj 1,359.4 1,480.0 1,054.0 1,215.1 (305.4) (264.9)

 Converted products 1,854.8 3,714.2 2,496.4 3,964.8 641.6 250.7

 Total 19,433.2 14,084.2 11,563.9 9,805.6 (7,869.3) (4,278.5)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 411.5 54.7 11,403.5 1,077.2 10,992.1 1,022.4

Other wood productsk 5,619.2 1,208.6 (4,410.6)

 Total all productsf,g,l 32,190.9 18,701.1 (13,489.8)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United 

States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American

Forest and Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
20

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 15—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2003 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 430.8 139.3 1,636.8 716.4 1,206.0 577.1

 Hardwoods 66.6 42.0 587.6 510.5 521.0 468.5

 Total 497.4 181.4 2,224.4 1,226.9 1,727.0 1,045.6

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 21,062.8 5,499.6 667.2 382.8 (20,395.6) (5,116.8)

 Hardwoods 671.3 489.3 1,160.6 1,285.5 489.3 796.2

 Railroad tiesf 41.4 18.0 183.2 34.0 141.7 16.0

 Total 21,775.6 6,006.9 2,011.0 1,702.3 (19,764.6) (4,304.6)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 2,414.5 147.6 398.1 55.6 (2,016.3) (91.9)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,066.3 289.2 3,272.4 417.6 1,206.1 128.4

 Total 4,480.7 436.8 3,670.5 473.3 (810.2) 36.5

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 1,617.7 416.9 326.8 82.1 (1,290.9) (334.9)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,746.1 784.4 119.8 46.3 (2,626.3) (738.1)

 Total 4,363.8 1,201.3 446.6 128.4 (3,917.2) (1,072.9)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 7.0 2.3 97.6 35.1 90.6 32.7

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 746.3 312.6 96.5 49.0 (649.7) (263.6)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 9.1 1,990.2 157.6 36.5 148.5 (1,953.7)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

3,080.3 496.9 647.6 59.9 (2,432.7) (437.1)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 55.7 4.2 438.9 50.0 383.2 45.8

 Chipse 124.9 20.0 746.4 158.4 621.5 138.4

 Total 180.6 24.2 1,185.4 208.3 1,004.7 184.2

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,690.8 2,527.3 5,847.2 2,595.5 (843.7) 68.2

Paper and boarde,i

 Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 6,995.1 2,991.4 672.1 324.6 (6,323.0) (2,666.8)

 Printing and writing paper 8,138.5 5,198.0 1,503.8 1,493.4 (6,634.6) (3,704.6)

 Paperboard 1,884.5 951.1 6,195.5 3,108.6 4,311.0 2,157.5

 Other paper and boardj 1,329.0 1,554.0 1,002.0 1,167.2 (327.0) (386.8)

 Converted products 1,717.3 3,767.4 2,494.3 4,026.6 777.1 259.3

 Total 20,064.3 14,461.8 11,867.7 10,120.3 (8,196.6) (4,341.4)

Recovered papere

 Thousand short tons 399.4 51.2 13,904.5 1,367.1 13,505.1 1,315.9

Other wood productsk 5,951.0 1,227.8 (4,723.2)

 Total all productsf,g,l 33,643.9 19,230.3 (14,413.6)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United 

States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).
21

Table 16—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2004 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 388.7 148.2 1,597.6 850.2 1,208.9 702.0

 Hardwoods 64.8 42.5 688.9 593.4 624.1 550.9

 Total 453.5 190.7 2,286.5 1,443.6 1,832.9 1,252.9

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 23,331.1 8,164.3 657.5 406.4 (22,673.5) (7,757.9)

 Hardwoods 770.6 635.9 1,276.8 1,453.7 506.2 817.8

 Railroad tiesf 21.9 8.1 211.8 42.6 189.9 34.5

 Total 24,123.5 8,808.4 2,146.1 1,902.6 (21,977.4) (6,905.7)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 3,181.2 206.1 573.0 67.1 (2,608.2) (139.0)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,302.8 335.5 3,684.4 465.9 1,381.7 130.4

 Total 5,484.0 541.6 4,257.4 533.0 (1,226.6) (8.7)

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,315.9 652.9 373.3 101.3 (1,942.6) (551.6)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 3,940.0 1,199.5 187.0 54.4 (3,753.0) (1,145.1)

 Total 6,255.9 1,852.3 560.3 155.6 (5,695.7) (1,696.7)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 16.8 2.4 76.3 30.7 59.4 28.3

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 963.1 435.9 119.0 62.8 (844.1) (373.1)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 9.9 2,879.5 193.6 43.0 183.8 (2,836.4)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

4,188.3 730.3 1,004.9 84.5 (3,183.4) (645.8)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 64.2 4.8 707.8 85.4 643.6 80.6

 Chipse 288.3 34.6 817.0 161.6 528.7 127.0

 Total 352.5 39.4 1,524.8 247.0 1,172.3 207.6

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,725.8 2,844.6 6,224.9 2,870.2 (500.9) 25.6

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 6,462.8 2,975.0 616.5 322.5 (5,846.3) (2,652.5)

 Printing and writing paper 9,109.7 5,897.4 1,766.7 1,658.6 (7,342.9) (4,238.8)

 Paperboard 2,097.8 1,144.2 6,294.4 3,288.6 4,196.6 2,144.4

 Other paper and boardj 1,617.0 1,915.0 1,175.8 1,376.5 (441.2) (538.5)

 Converted products 1,858.2 4,230.3 2,712.1 4,257.6 853.8 27.3

 Total 21,145.5 16,161.9 12,565.6 10,903.7 (8,579.9) (5,258.2)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 557.6 68.7 14,135.9 1,501.9 13,578.3 1,433.2

Other wood productsk 7,487.4 1,320.1 (6,167.4)

 Total all productsf,g,l 42,043.1 21,098.8 (20,944.3)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
22

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 17—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2005 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 615.7 233.6 1,606.9 847.9 991.2 614.3

 Hardwoods 94.5 47.2 550.4 591.4 455.8 544.2

 Total 710.2 280.8 2,157.3 1,439.3 1,447.1 1,158.5

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 24,478.0 8,266.9 724.5 446.0 (23,753.5) (7,820.9)

 Hardwoods 802.6 720.9 1,275.2 1,478.8 472.6 758.0

 Railroad tiesf 36.5 16.8 308.3 62.4 271.8 45.6

 Total 25,317.1 9,004.6 2,308.0 1,987.2 (23,009.1) (7,017.3)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 3,512.5 237.3 590.3 69.1 (2,922.2) (168.2)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 2,232.0 337.7 3,528.2 441.1 1,296.3 103.4

 Total 5,744.5 575.0 4,118.5 510.2 (1,625.9) (64.9)

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,678.6 693.1 338.7 99.8 (2,339.9) (593.3)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 3,646.0 1,225.0 182.6 52.7 (3,463.4) (1,172.4)

 Total 6,324.6 1,918.2 521.4 152.4 (5,803.2) (1,765.7)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 15.4 2.0 56.6 24.8 41.2 22.8

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 853.3 420.4 142.1 76.9 (711.2) (343.6)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 10.6 2,703.7 169.1 36.4 158.6 (2,667.3)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

4,785.7 851.6 1,076.2 96.3 (3,709.5) (755.4)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 114.3 9.0 325.1 70.8 210.8 61.8

 Chipse 271.4 35.5 801.8 191.8 530.4 156.3

 Total 385.7 44.5 1,126.9 262.6 741.2 218.2

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,762.0 2,970.0 6,412.9 3,197.9 (349.1) 227.9

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 5,926.5 3,074.0 721.3 382.5 (5,205.2) (2,691.4)

 Printing and writing paper 9,033.8 6,366.4 1,833.7 1,798.7 (7,200.1) (4,567.6)

 Paperboard 1,963.3 1,128.7 6,733.2 3,615.2 4,769.9 2,486.5

 Other paper and boardj 1,525.1 1,913.2 1,306.8 1,501.9 (218.3) (411.3)

 Converted products 1,988.8 4,562.7 2,839.3 4,473.9 850.5 (88.8)

 Total 20,437.5 17,044.9 13,434.3 11,772.2 (7,003.2) (5,272.7)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 545.5 67.7 16,009.4 1,715.2 15,463.9 1,647.4

Other wood productsk 8,030.8 1,456.4 (6,574.4)

 Total all productsf,g,l 43,914.3 22,727.7 (21,186.6)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).
23

Table 18—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2006 

Importsa Exports Trade balanced

Product

Standard 

unit of measure Volume

Valueb

(Million

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million 

dollars) Volume

Valuec

(Million

dollars) 

Logse,f,g Million board feet 

 Softwoods 529.7 243.5 1,630.7 822.6 1,101.0 579.1

 Hardwoods 55.7 40.8 486.8 624.0 431.1 583.1

 Total 585.4 284.3 2,117.5 1,446.6 1,532.1 1,162.3

Lumbere Million board feet 

 Softwoods 22,638.4 7,611.4 772.6 540.3 (21,865.8) (7,071.1)

 Hardwoods 373.3 368.5 1,323.5 1,618.8 950.2 1,250.3

 Railroad tiesf 25.1 13.1 291.1 64.5 266.0 51.4

 Total 23,036.8 7,993.0 2,387.2 2,223.7 (20,649.6) (5,769.4)

Veneer Million square feet 

 Softwoodsf,h 3/8-in. thickness 3,146.3 219.7 673.5 78.5 (2,472.7) (141.3)

 Hardwoodse,f,h 1,910.2 323.1 3,312.4 428.2 1,402.2 105.1

 Total 5,056.5 542.9 3,985.9 506.7 (1,070.5) (36.2)

Plywoodh Million square feet 

 Softwoods 3/8-in. thickness 2,145.4 577.3 358.8 112.2 (1,786.6) (465.1)

 Hardwoods 3/8-in. thickness 4,178.7 1,517.9 141.2 55.8 (4,037.6) (1,462.1)

 Total 6,324.1 2,095.3 499.9 168.0 (5,824.2) (1,927.2)

Particleboardh Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 3.7 2.0 31.8 16.1 28.1 14.2

Medium-density fiberboardh

 Million square feet 

3/4-in. thickness 693.5 364.2 173.4 89.8 (520.1) (274.4)

OSB/waferboardh Million square feet 

3/8-in. thickness 10.1 1,946.8 178.8 48.8 168.7 (1,898.0)

Hardboardh Million square feet 

1/8-in. thickness 

assumed 

4,884.7 800.5 1,317.8 114.5 (3,566.9) (686.0)

Pulpwood Thousand cords 

 Rounde,f 53.5 7.6 357.8 42.1 304.4 34.5

 Chipse 204.2 30.1 730.3 179.2 526.1 149.2

 Total 257.7 37.7 1,088.1 221.4 830.5 183.7

Wood pulpe Thousand short tons 6,939.2 3,103.1 6,606.1 3,494.7 (333.1) 391.6

Paper and boarde,i Thousand short tons 

 Newsprint 5,427.1 3,073.8 645.3 354.7 (4,781.8) (2,719.1)

 Printing and writing paper 9,094.9 6,699.2 1,915.4 1,939.2 (7,179.5) (4,760.0)

 Paperboard 2,076.4 1,269.3 6,847.8 3,881.6 4,771.3 2,612.3

 Other paper and boardj 1,595.1 2,047.0 1,223.8 1,596.0 (371.3) (450.9)

 Converted products 2,099.9 4,921.8 2,716.3 4,890.8 616.4 (31.0)

 Total 20,293.4 18,011.1 13,348.6 12,662.3 (6,944.8) (5,348.8)

Recovered papere Thousand short tons 483.3 60.4 17,539.5 2,082.0 17,056.2 2,021.6

Other wood productsk 7,619.0 1,625.6 (5,993.4)

 Total all productsf,g,l 42,860.3 24,700.3 (18,160.0)

a

Imports for consumption. 

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, 

excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges. 

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges. d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate that imports exceed exports. e

American Forest and Paper Association (1990). 

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (1990). 

g

Includes pulpwood logs. 

h

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990). 

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products. 

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board, and construction paper and board. k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include 

wood furniture nor printed material. 

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1990); U.S. International Trade Commission (1990); American Forest 

and Paper Association (current edition).

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
24

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 19—Value of forest products imports and exports by product group, 1989–2006 

(million 2005 dollars) 

Imports Exports

Year 

Wood 

products

Paper 

products

Other

wood

Logs

and chips Total 

Wood 

products

Paper

products

Other

wood

Logs

and chips Total 

1989 4,918 15,914 2,777 92 23,701 4,229 11,929 387 3,925 20,471

1990 4,307 15,270 2,727 56 22,360 4,269 12,141 760 3,941 21,111

1991 4,250 13,627 2,566 48 20,491 4,056 12,864 1,161 3,690 21,771

1992 5,477 13,459 3,006 63 22,004 4,210 13,631 1,274 3,702 22,817

1993 7,760 13,779 3,361 116 25,017 4,399 12,502 1,320 4,073 22,293

1994 9,368 14,732 3,660 134 27,893 4,386 14,707 1,297 3,818 24,208

1995 8,550 20,391 3,738 177 32,855 4,290 19,914 1,279 3,859 29,342

1996 11,665 17,425 2,438 161 31,689 4,152 16,818 1,403 3,555 25,927

1997 12,433 17,444 3,280 141 33,298 4,449 17,170 1,632 2,954 26,205

1998 13,178 18,956 3,441 164 35,739 3,546 16,603 1,641 2,426 24,216

1999 15,957 19,715 3,960 185 39,817 3,831 16,486 1,604 2,375 24,297

2000 13,816 21,608 4,266 263 39,954 3,756 18,033 1,588 2,308 25,685

2001 12,870 20,101 4,472 227 37,670 3,051 15,935 1,360 1,928 22,274

2002 11,917 19,730 6,746 255 38,649 2,989 16,202 1,451 1,810 22,452

2003 11,907 19,422 6,783 234 38,346 2,832 16,051 1,399 1,636 21,918

2004 16,363 20,467 8,034 247 45,110 3,017 16,390 1,416 1,814 22,638

2005 15,476 20,083 8,031 325 43,914 2,884 16,685 1,456 1,702 22,728

2006 13,135 20,236 7,281 308 40,961 3,027 17,431 1,554 1,594 23,605

Sources: Tables 1 to 20. 

Notes: Wood products includes lumber, plywood and veneer, OSB/ waferboard and non structural panels; paper 

products includes wood pulp, paper and paperboard, and recovered paper; other wood includes poles and piling, 

fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers, wood doors, and other miscellaneous products; logs and chips 

includes sawlogs, veneer logs, round pulpwood and wood chips. 
25

Table 20—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) 

Industrial roundwood use 

All

products Total Lumber 

Plywood 

and veneer 

Pulpwoodbased products 

Other

industrial

products,

production

and consumption 

Logs

Pulpwood

chip 

Fuelwood

production and

consumption Year Produc- tion Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Im- ports Ex- ports

1965 12,153 13,196 11,238 1,604 561 12,281 6,233 823 148 6,908 1,071 69 3 1,137 3,176 701 213 3,665 560 11 191 — 7 915 1966 12,382 13,403 11,537 1,679 658 12,558 6,222 826 182 6,867 1,118 82 4 1,196 3,392 755 232 3,915 565 15 223 — 17 845 1967 12,160 12,952 11,380 1,612 819 12,172 6,037 809 197 6,648 1,100 81 7 1,175 3,365 709 253 3,822 515 12 315 — 47 780 1968 12,584 13,414 11,884 1,807 978 12,714 6,112 966 181 6,897 1,237 124 6 1,355 3,539 705 280 3,964 485 13 411 — 101 700 1969 12,583 13,480 11,963 1,944 1,047 12,860 5,965 1,000 182 6,783 1,153 138 16 1,275 3,861 792 320 4,333 455 13 383 — 146 620 1970 12,536 13,222 12,001 1,896 1,211 12,687 5,768 966 197 6,537 1,197 133 12 1,318 4,023 773 413 4,383 425 23 438 — 150 535 1971 12,737 13,827 12,237 2,107 1,017 13,327 6,182 1,203 184 7,201 1,378 166 8 1,535 3,773 725 336 4,162 415 13 366 — 123 500 1972 13,088 14,248 12,613 2,388 1,227 13,773 6,339 1,485 232 7,592 1,512 206 18 1,700 3,698 690 317 4,070 405 6 502 — 157 475 1973 13,426 14,409 12,921 2,404 1,421 13,904 6,490 1,505 327 7,667 1,496 165 34 1,628 3,775 729 305 4,199 405 5 538 — 216 505 1974 12,806 13,493 12,271 2,086 1,399 12,958 5,826 1,145 297 6,673 1,287 107 45 1,349 4,100 822 393 4,529 395 12 423 — 240 535 1975 11,672 12,070 11,102 1,664 1,266 11,500 5,471 953 263 6,160 1,277 125 64 1,338 3,345 572 314 3,602 385 14 427 — 198 570 1976 12,948 13,639 12,348 2,130 1,439 13,039 6,026 1,307 295 7,038 1,466 154 59 1,561 3,715 655 319 4,052 375 13 520 — 245 600 1977 13,790 14,951 12,790 2,510 1,350 13,951 6,461 1,689 268 7,882 1,552 148 26 1,673 3,641 648 304 3,985 385 25 491 — 261 1,000 

1978 14,680 16,129 13,155 2,857 1,408 14,604 6,586 1,939 304 8,221 1,586 167 25 1,729 3,817 735 309 4,243 395 15 545 — 225 1,525 1979 15,706 16,815 13,501 2,769 1,660 14,610 6,516 1,819 366 7,969 1,541 137 32 1,646 4,136 792 359 4,568 405 21 623 — 280 2,205 1980 15,464 16,113 12,359 2,395 1,747 13,008 5,623 1,530 407 6,745 1,272 81 30 1,323 4,250 765 510 4,505 415 20 522 — 278 3,105 1981 14,867 15,682 11,687 2,342 1,527 12,502 5,158 1,493 397 6,254 1,284 99 53 1,330 4,195 734 452 4,476 425 16 405 — 220 3,180 1982 14,861 15,746 11,506 2,371 1,487 12,391 5,133 1,418 332 6,219 1,229 122 35 1,317 4,019 698 429 4,288 435 19 513 114 178 3,355 1983 16,282 17,619 13,047 2,926 1,589 14,384 6,121 1,815 384 7,551 1,495 179 44 1,630 4,270 766 444 4,592 445 26 560 139 156 3,235 1984 17,133 18,827 13,513 3,189 1,494 15,207 6,491 1,975 350 8,116 1,494 161 28 1,627 4,370 880 412 4,838 455 24 559 148 145 3,620 1985 16,994 18,840 13,544 3,366 1,520 15,390 6,404 2,184 317 8,271 1,485 194 25 1,654 4,432 918 419 4,931 465 16 615 53 144 3,450 1986 17,891 19,552 14,795 3,351 1,689 16,456 7,105 2,119 394 8,830 1,598 199 45 1,751 4,881 972 514 5,338 475 13 585 49 151 3,096 1987 18,619 20,179 15,543 3,473 1,913 17,103 7,611 2,173 510 9,274 1,639 240 57 1,823 4,982 1,012 531 5,463 495 13 657 35 158 3,0761988 18,902 19,921 15,836 3,343 2,324 16,855 7,667 2,050 704 9,014 1,598 201 72 1,728 5,075 1,021 563 5,533 510 11 767 59 218 3,0661989 18,763 19,800 15,722 3,420 2,383 16,759 7,541 2,228 655 9,115 1,454 114 97 1,471 5,149 1,022 608 5,564 555 6 753 49 271 3,041 1990 18,596 19,380 15,577 3,091 2,307 16,361 7,317 1,909 589 8,637 1,423 97 109 1,410 5,313 1,038 646 5,704 562 4 674 43 288 3,019 1991 17,922 18,338 14,894 2,808 2,393 15,310 6,746 1,714 619 7,841 1,267 83 95 1,255 5,397 969 746 5,620 551 2 602 41 332 3,028 1992 18,324 19,070 15,280 3,090 2,344 16,026 6,983 1,960 561 8,383 1,294 100 106 1,288 5,516 992 801 5,706 610 7 524 31 351 3,044 1993 18,095 19,418 15,011 3,465 2,143 16,334 6,887 2,240 532 8,595 1,293 100 100 1,293 5,423 1,065 724 5,764 621 15 460 46 326 3,084

1994 18,440 19,934 15,306 3,632 2,139 16,800 7,052 2,395 512 8,935 1,320 94 86 1,328 5,576 1,102 758 5,920 576 18 429 23 354 3,134 

1995 18,367 20,019 15,430 3,917 2,265 17,082 6,815 2,522 460 8,877 1,303 107 89 1,321 5,972 1,226 888 6,310 513 13 451 49 377 2,9371996 17,997 19,658 15,258 3,899 2,239 16,918 6,886 2,616 449 9,053 1,281 97 87 1,291 5,753 1,114 865 6,002 500 18 422 53 416 2,739 1997 17,332 19,061 14,790 3,864 2,136 16,519 7,103 2,619 452 9,270 1,213 114 103 1,224 5,183 1,063 775 5,472 485 20 384 47 422 2,542

1998 17,422 19,588 14,899 3,979 1,812 17,065 7,298 2,690 350 9,638 1,201 131 55 1,276 5,187 1,082 679 5,590 485 30 316 47 412 2,523

1999 17,574 19,980 15,032 4,231 1,825 17,438 7,629 2,810 404 10,035 1,208 160 46 1,322 4,962 1,167 627 5,503 485 47 326 47 422 2,542

2000 17,253 19,836 15,631 4,622 2,039 18,214 7,384 2,943 435 9,892 1,187 154 51 1,290 5,983 1,451 776 6,658 300 72 422 2 355 1,622 

2001 16,528 19,421 14,907 4,700 1,807 17,800 7,052 3,007 359 9,699 1,088 176 39 1,225 5,780 1,443 742 6,481 320 73 403 1 265 1,621 2002 16,398 19,536 14,878 4,877 1,738 18,016 7,217 3,154 359 10,012 1,067 223 34 1,256 5,699 1,412 768 6,343 317 86 388 2 188 1,5202003 16,129 19,658 14,614 5,064 1,535 18,143 7,177 3,193 347 10,023 1,052 240 35 1,257 5,557 1,547 643 6,462 318 80 356 4 155 1,5152004 16,836 20,978 15,296 5,744 1,602 19,438 7,671 3,704 348 11,028 1,082 354 43 1,393 5,692 1,608 678 6,622 318 73 366 5 168 1,5402005 17,009 21,166 15,459 5,802 1,646 19,616 7,883 3,737 389 11,231 1,068 373 37 1,403 5,679 1,570 708 6,541 318 114 345 9 166 1,550

2006 16,441 20,403 14,891 5,408 1,446 18,853 7,552 3,439 390 10,602 1,003 369 35 1,337 5,679 1,502 683 6,498 318 94 339 4 0 1,550 

Source: Howard 2007 

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products
26

Research Note FPL–RN–0319

Table 21—Imports and exports of forest products in roundwood equivalents (million cubic 

feet) (excluding pulp and recovered paper), 1965–2006 

Imports Exports

Year Lumber 

Plywood 

and veneer 

Pulpwoodbased

products

Logs

and chips Total Lumber

Plywood

and veneer

Pulpwoodbased

products

Logs

and chips Total

1965 771 14 510 2 1,297 130 2 155 178 465

1966 756 17 546 7 1,326 147 4 168 210 529

1967 756 16 518 5 1,295 163 6 184 300 653

1968 913 25 518 5 1,461 163 5 206 396 770

1969 930 29 577 7 1,543 164 15 233 371 783

1970 914 27 587 17 1,545 180 9 313 427 929

1971 1,133 33 530 9 1,705 149 7 245 357 758

1972 1,416 42 489 2 1,949 197 17 225 487 926

1973 1,418 34 501 1 1,954 293 31 210 520 1,054

1974 1,075 22 565 7 1,669 263 41 270 404 978

1975 900 25 409 11 1,345 229 59 225 416 929

1976 1,255 32 463 11 1,761 261 54 225 505 1,045

1977 1,637 31 456 22 2,146 233 22 214 477 946

 

1978

1,870 37 505 13 2,425 235 22 212 528 997

1979 1,749 29 558 19 2,355 296 30 253 603 1,182

1980 1,477 18 547 18 2,060 320 27 365 497 1,209

1981 1,441 21 514 14 1,990 310 49 317 380 1,056

1982 1,387 25 476 130 2,018 268 32 298 498 1,096

1983 1,780 39 488 162 2,469 298 41 291 542 1,172

1984 1,931 36 555 167 2,689 258 26 271 539 1,094

1985 2,132 46 561 64 2,803 246 22 267 597 1,132

1986 2,070 47 591 57 2,765 303 42 321 562 1,228

1987 2,103 62 632 46 2,843 381 53 341 633 1,408

1988 1,992 51 631 68 2,742 495 66 358 735 1,654

1989 2,164 30 628 51 2,873 504 90 386 873 1,853

1990 1,865 26 644 45 2,580 439 101 417 813 1,770

 1991 1,672 23 608 41 2,344 455 83 483 713 1,734

1992 1,911 29 598 37 2,575 389 91 509 614 1,603

1993 2,180 29 611 59 2,879 350 88 443 549 1,430

1994 2,329 27 622 37 3,015 319 75 460 525 1,379

1995 2,461 31 682 56 3,230 276 77 534 540 1,427

1996 2,550 30 599 63 3,242 259 75 522 503 1,359

1997 2,541 35 634 57 3,267 239 92 526 476 1,333

1998 2,594 43 631 69 3,337 166 46 465 409 1,086

1999 2,688 62 714 87 3,551 198 37 452 426 1,113

2000 2,805 58 746 63 3,672 209 43 459 459 1,170

2001 2,895 73 731 65 3,764 147 31 437 428 1,043

2002r

 3,026 95 699 75 3,895 146 27 447 391 1,011

2003 3,055 117 801 70 4,043 145 26 390 373 934

2004 3,531 176 819 64 4,590 125 31 412 376 944

2005 3,550 197 778 99 4,624 136 26 426 385 973

2006 3,282 173 768 87 4,310 141 26 410 261 838

Source: Table 20. 
27

Table 22—Value of forest products exports 

by region of customs district, 1978–2005 

(2005 dollars) 

Year North South 

Pacific

Northwest

Other

Western Total 

1978 1,939 3,186 4,281 804 10,210

1979 2,074 3,924 5,754 1,036 12,788

1980 1,986 5,157 5,367 1,190 13,700

1981 1,861 4,826 3,957 1,005 11,651

1982 1,560 4,218 3,826 815 10,420

1983 1,678 4,080 3,756 780 10,294

1984 1,780 3,905 3,590 947 10,223

1985 1,612 3,432 3,552 883 9,479

1986 1,695 4,299 4,210 957 11,161

1987 2,099 5,494 5,307 1,176 14,076

1988 2,376 5,784 6,987 1,618 16,765

1989 2,514 7,848 7,089 1,878 19,328

1990 3,339 7,782 6,517 1,908 19,546

1991 3,597 8,192 6,143 1,951 19,882

1992 3,697 9,136 6,142 1,891 20,866

1993 3,875 8,217 6,356 1,720 20,167

1994 4,386 9,234 6,246 1,983 21,849

1995 5,508 12,102 6,759 2,451 26,821

1996 5,063 10,180 6,104 2,192 23,539

1997 5,614 10,516 4,967 2,304 23,402

1998 5,648 10,123 3,531 2,209 21,512

1999 6,095 9,485 3,648 2,398 21,627

2000 6,524 10,189 3,593 2,560 22,865

2001 6,085 8,732 2,820 2,304 19,940

2002 6,284 8,539 2,658 2,240 19,721

2003 6,214 8,171 2,580 2,226 19,191

2004 6,320 8,695 2,621 2,303 19,938

2005 6,263 8,854 2,580 2,334 20,031

Source: Daniels 2008.

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products