Criterion 6, Indicator 

28: Total and Per Capita 

Consumption of Wood and 

Wood Products in Round 

Wood Equivalents

James L. Howard

Rebecca Westby

Kenneth E. Skog

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Forest

Products

Laboratory

Research

Note

FPL–RN–0317
June 2010

Howard, James L.; Westby, Rebecca; Skog, Kenneth E. 2010. Criterion 6 

Indicator 28: total and per capita consumption of wood and wood products 

in round wood equivalents. Research Note FPL-RN-0317. Madison, WI: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 20 p.

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the 

public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 

Madison, WI 53726–2398. This publication is also available online at 

www.fpl.fs.fed.us. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries 

in the United States and elsewhere.

The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the 

University of Wisconsin. 

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information 

and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service.

The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the 

basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, 

sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part 

of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. 

(Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities 

who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET 

Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence 

Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 

(voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider 

and employer.

SI conversion factors

Inch–pound unit Conversion factor SI unit

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

Btu 0.293 W (watts)

tons 1.02 × 103 kilograms (kg)

In this paper 1 billion = 109.

Abstract

Total consumption of wood and paper products and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, increased between 1965 

and 1988 from 13.2 to 18.9 billion cubic feet. Since 1988, 

it has been about 20 billion cubic feet per year. Total per 

capita consumption increased between 1965 and 1987, from 

68 to 83 ft3 per year. Since 1987 through 2006, per capita 

consumption has declined to 68 ft3 per year. Consumption excluding fuelwood increased steadily between 1965 

and 2006, from 12.3 to 18.8 billion cubic feet. Most of the 

increase occurred between 1965 and 1988. Per capita consumption excluding fuelwood, has been relatively stable, 

averaging 63 ft3 per year. So, in roundwood equivalents, 

wood and paper products consumption has been increasing 

at roughly the pace of population. Total consumption has 

been increasing faster than domestic harvest as net imports 

of wood and paper products have increased. If consumption 

continues to increase faster than domestic harvest, then an 

increasing proportion of the environmental and economic 

effects of our consumption will be felt in forests in other 

countries that export products to the U.S.

Keywords: Roundwood consumption, roundwood harvest, 

per capita consumption, per capita harvest
Criterion 6 Indicator 28: Total and Per 

Capita Consumption of Wood and Wood 

Products in Round Wood Equivalents

James L. Howard, Economist

Rebecca Westby, Economic Assistant

Kenneth E. Skog, Project Leader, Economics and Statistics Unit

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin

Indicator Background

The purpose of this report is to provide information on the 

rationale and data provided for Indicator 28 for the U.S. National Report on Sustainable Forests—2010. Information on 

the rationale for the Indicator and recommended data to be 

developed are taken from the report of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Montreal Process (MP).

Verbatim Montreal Process 

Technical Advisory Committee 

Notes

Rationale

The quantity of wood and wood products consumed is an 

indicator of the relative importance of forests as a source 

of raw materials. Information on the consumption of forest 

products, especially when compared with production levels, 

helps to illustrate the balance between supply and demand. 

When demands for consumption are not balanced by supplies—net domestic production plus imports—the imbalance creates price pressures that often have repercussions 

in the forest sector or elsewhere in the economy and society 

that may call into question long-term forest sustainability. 

Measurement

The measures desired are the following:

•	Volume of wood-based forest products consumed, estimated as domestic production plus imports and minus 

exports. Fuelwood should be included. Converting all 

products into a common volume-based unit (round wood 

equivalent) allows for aggregation as well as comparison 

with indicators that measure the productive capacity of 

forests (2.b–2.d and 6.1a). 

•	Per capital consumption is the calculated ratio of the volume consumed and the reported national population. Government statistics are the preferred source for population 

information.

Production data should be based on indicator 6.1.a. Import 

and export data should be taken from official government 

sources, indicator 6.1.f. Conversion of product units to 

roundwood equivalent could be based on conversion factors 

derived from recent studies that take into account national 

circumstances. As an alternative, conversion factors reported by international organizations (for example, the United 

Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, or the International Tropical Timber Organization) could be used.

Comments and Clarifications

Additions and Clarifications to Rationale

It was agreed that consumption was equivalent to national 

production plus net imports. Supply was equivalent to domestic national production. 

Trade is an important element in the interpretation of this 

indicator. High per capita consumption may also reflect 

abundant resources. It was suggested that price information 

be included in the interpretation of this indicator, perhaps 

with references to prices of other materials (e.g., substitute 

materials such as plastics).

Additions and Clarifications to Measurement

Useful data might include the following:

•	Description of wood products available for consumption

•	Amount of various wood and wood products consumed

•	Size of market (population data) 

•	Current and past data may be available from government 

and industry sources, product distributors, and consumer 

organizations.

Indicator Development

Data Used To Address Indicator

General Description

The data provided for this indicator focus on quantifying the 

demand (consumption) for 1) wood and 2) wood products in 

the United States and the portion that is provided by domestic production. The data are also shown on consumption per 

capita. 
Research Note FPL–RN–0317

2

Consumption may be expressed in terms of 1) the roundwood used to make products consumed in the United States 

and 2) the volume or weight of actual primary products consumed in the United States. We provide measures for both 

roundwood consumed and primary products consumed, as 

well as the portions from domestic production.

Specific Data Sources

Consumption of roundwood, the portion from domestic 

production, and consumption per capita

•	Table 1—Production, imports, exports, and consumption 

of softwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–2006 (×106 ft3, roundwood equivalent)

•	Table 2— Production, imports, exports, and consumption 

of hardwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–2006 (×106 ft3, roundwood equivalent)

•	Table 3—Production, imports, exports, and consumption 

of timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 

(×106 ft3, roundwood equivalent)

These tables require special explanation. Apparent consumption of roundwood is given by production of roundwood from U.S. forests (total harvest) plus roundwood 

equivalent of products imported to the United States minus 

roundwood equivalent of products exported from the United 

States. Roundwood equivalent of imports and exports is an 

amount of wood used if the products were made of roundwood in the United States. Also, the roundwood used for 

lumber products, plywood and veneer products, and pulpwood products is the roundwood that is received at mills 

and includes wood that ends up as mill residue and may be 

redirected to burning or to making other products such as 

panels, or pulp.

•	Table 4—Apparent U.S. roundwood consumption, U.S. 

production for domestic use, and percentage of consumption from U.S. consumption from domestic use by species 

group, 1965–2006 (×106 ft3 roundwood equivalent, and 

percentage)

•	Table 5—Apparent roundwood production, trade, and 

consumption; and production and trade versus consumption (×106 ft3 roundwood equivalent, and percentage)

•	Table 6—United States per capita roundwood production, 

trade, and consumption, 1900–2006 (×106 ft3 roundwood 

equivalent)

Consumption of primary products, the proportion from 

production for domestic use and consumption per capita

•	Table 7—Lumber production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2006

•	Table 8—Plywood production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods,1965–2006 

(3/8-in. basis)

•	Table 9—Production, imports, exports, and consumption 

of structural panel products, by type, 1980–2006 

(×106 ft2, 3/8-in. basis)

•	Table 10—Paper shipments, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–2006

•	Table 11—Paperboard production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–2006

•	Table 12—Wood energy consumption per capita by end 

use and in roundwood equivalent, 1949–2006

•	Table 13—Wood and paper product consumption per 

capita (pounds per capita), 1970–2006

Analysis Techniques

General Description

This report contains data for 1965 through 2006. Some data 

were derived from mathematical calculations and some 

show conversions from different units of measurement. All 

data, trade, production, or consumption is reported in roundwood equivalents measurements. 

Specific Steps Taken

The data were compiled from official government and trade 

association reports by state, region, national level, and year. 

The data were then organized by primary product commodity over time. These primary products were then converted to 

their roundwood equivalents using government- or industryapproved conversion factors. 

Data Issues

The data on roundwood equivalent of consumption use estimates of the roundwood equivalent of imports and exports 

assuming the products are made of roundwood in the United 

States. The estimate of roundwood use may be too large 

for paper imports or exports to the extent that recovered 

paper is used for paper production rather than roundwood. 

The amount of roundwood harvest that ends up in domestically used paper products may be too low to the extent that 

domestic wood ends up in exported recovered paper that is 

used overseas then imported to the United States. 

For primary wood products—lumber, panels, and paper—

the estimate of the proportion of consumption from domestic supply is accurate when focusing on products produced 

in the United States, but it should be recognized that a portion of this domestic supply is made using imported logs, 

chips, or market pulp. So, the portion of consumption made 

from domestic production that uses domestic roundwood is 

somewhat lower.

Data are not available generally on consumption by region. 

Consumption is determined by levels of end use in each 

region—construction, manufacturing, education, and a wide 

range of general business activities—advertising, packaging, 

and communications. The level of these activities is associated with population and the level of economic activity. 
3

Indicator Interpretation and 

Discussion

Indicator Results

What Does the Indicator Show?

Total consumption of wood and paper products and 

fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, increased between 

1965 and 1988 from 13.2 to 18.9 billion ft3. Since 1988 total 

consumption has been between 19 and 21 billion ft3 per year 

(Table 3). Over this period, U.S. wood harvest declined.

Excluding fuelwood, wood, and paper products consumption, in roundwood equivalents, has increased steadily 

between 1965 and 2006, from 12.3 to 18.8 billion ft3

(Tables 3, 6, 10, and 11). Over this period, use of softwood 

and hardwood roundwood increased 53% and 56%, respectively. Fuelwood consumption increased to a high of 

3.6 billion ft3 in 1984 and had declined to 1.6 billion ft3 in 

2006. Most of the increase in wood and paper products 

consumption occurred between 1965 and 1988. The rate 

of growth in consumption was significantly less between 

1988 and 2006.

Per capita consumption of wood and paper products 

and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, increased between 1965 and 1987, from 68 to 83 ft3 per year. Since 1987 

through 2006, per capita consumption has declined by 18% 

to 68 ft3 per year (Tables 4, 6, 10, and 11). Over this period, 

per capita harvest decreased 28%. 

Excluding fuelwood, per capita consumption of wood 

and paper products, in roundwood equivalents, has been 

relatively stable, averaging 63 ft3 per year. So, in roundwood equivalents, wood and paper products consumption 

has been increasing at roughly the pace of population (Tables 4, 6, 10, and 11). Fuelwood use per capita increased to 

15.3 ft3 in 1984 and declined to 5.2 ft3 in 2006.

How has it Changed Since 2003?

Trends have not changed since 2003. Total consumption 

of wood and paper products (including and excluding fuelwood) have continued to increase. Per capita consumption 

of wood and paper products alone has remained at about 

63 ft3. Per capita fuelwood consumption has continued to 

decline.

Regional Variation and Associated Issues

If per capita consumption of wood and paper products (excluding fuelwood) is relatively uniform across the country 

then, for 2006, wood and paper products consumption 

(in roundwood equivalent ) was highest in the North 

(7.8 billion ft3), followed by the South (5.8 billion ft3), 

Pacific Coast (3.5 billion ft3) and Rocky Mountains 

(1.8 billion ft3).

Assessment of Ability To Measure 

Underlying Concern

General Assessment

Since the data are national in origin and the wood products 

industries as well as various government agencies keep consistent wood products information, the ability to measure the 

concern of Indicator 25 is good. 

Congruence of U.S. Results With TAC 

Recommendations

Because the availability of national data for this indicator is 

good, the U.S. results are consistent with TAC recommendations. We were able to compile national data to measure in 

roundwood equivalents total and per capita consumption of 

wood and wood products in roundwood equivalents. 

Suggested Steps for Improvement

The data on roundwood equivalent of consumption use estimates of the roundwood equivalent of imports and exports 

assuming the products are made of roundwood in the United 

States. The estimate of roundwood use may be too large 

for paper imports or exports to the extent that recovered 

paper is used for paper production rather than roundwood. 

The amount of roundwood harvest that ends up in domestically used paper products may be too low to the extent that 

domestic wood ends up in exported recovered paper that is 

used overseas then imported to the United States. 

For primary wood products—lumber, panels, and paper—

the estimate of the proportion of consumption from domestic supply is accurate when focusing on products produced 

in the United States, but it should be recognized that a portion of this domestic supply is made using imported logs, 

chips, or market pulp. So, the portion of consumption made 

from domestic production that uses domestic roundwood is 

somewhat lower.

Cross-Cutting Issues and Relation 

to Other Indicators

Data from this indicator are being constructed to be consistent with indicators on consumption (31), recycling (33), 

employment (44), and injury rates (45) by using consistent 

data sources and data categories to allow comparisons. 

Concluding Remarks

Since 2003, many sources of wood products data have been 

discontinued and trade codes have changed, making yearto-year comparisons of many wood commodities difficult 

to impossible. This trend is very likely to continue. The 

primary products data were available for this indicator so 

we were able to derive roundwood equivalents estimates of 

consumption. 

Criterion 6 Indicator 28
4

Sources

Literature and Data Sources

Howard, J.L. 2007. U.S. Timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics, 1965–2005. FPL–RP–637. 

USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, 

WI. 91p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fpl_rp637.

pdf

USDA Forest Service. 1988. U.S. timber production, trade, 

consumption, and price statistics, 1950–1987. Misc. Pub. 

1471. Washington, DC. 

USDC Bureau of Census. 1975. Historical statistics of the 

United States: colonial times to 1970; part 1. Washington, 

DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. 609 p. http://www2.

census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/CT1970p1-01.pdf

USDOE Energy Information Administration. 2001. Annual energy review 2000. DOE/EIA-0384(2000). Washington, DC. 379 p. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/multifuel/038400.pdf 

USDOE Energy Information Administration. 2002. Monthly 

energy review, January 2002. DOE/EIA-0035(2002/01). 193 

p. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/ 

USDOE Energy Information Administration. 2008. Monthly 

energy review, January 2008. DOE/EIA-0035(2008/01). 191 

p. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/monthlyhistory.htm

USDC Bureau of Census. 2008. National population datasets: population, population change and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007. 

http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html. Accessed 

9/2/2008.

Research Note FPL–RN–0317
5

Appendix—Tables and Figures

Criterion 6 Indicator 28 Table 1. Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent)a Industrial roundwood use All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products Other industrial

products,

production

and consumptionc

Fuelwood

production and 

consumption Year Produc- tion

Consumption Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- portsb Ex- portsb Con- sump- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Im- ports Ex- ports

1965 8,499 9,331 8,319 1,297 465 9,151 4,583 771 130 5,223 945 14 2 957 2,313 510 155 2,668 300 2 178 — — 180 1966 8,646 9,442 8,476 1,325 529 9,272 4,514 756 147 5,123 990 17 4 1,003 2,451 546 168 2,829 310 7 210 — — 170 1967 8,592 9,235 8,432 1,296 653 9,075 4,408 756 163 5,002 981 16 6 991 2,458 518 184 2,791 285 5 300 — — 160 1968 9,096 9,788 8,956 1,462 770 9,648 4,583 913 163 5,333 1,111 25 5 1,131 2,602 518 206 2,914 265 5 396 — — 140 1969 9,029 9,788 8,904 1,542 783 9,663 4,437 930 164 5,202 1,035 29 15 1,049 2,812 577 233 3,155 250 7 371 — — 125 1970 9,206 9,821 9,101 1,545 929 9,716 4,309 914 180 5,044 1,082 27 9 1,099 3,052 587 313 3,326 230 17 427 — — 105 1971 9,402 10,348 9,302 1,706 759 10,248 4,702 1,133 149 5,686 1,253 33 7 1,278 2,760 530 245 3,045 230 9 357 — — 100 1972 9,659 10,681 9,569 1,948 926 10,591 4,849 1,416 197 6,068 1,379 42 17 1,404 2,623 489 225 2,887 230 2 487 — — 90 1973 9,779 10,679 9,679 1,954 1,053 10,579 4,947 1,418 293 6,072 1,374 34 31 1,377 2,603 501 210 2,894 235 1 520 — — 100 1974 9,103 9,795 8,993 1,669 977 9,685 4,341 1,075 263 5,154 1,190 22 41 1,171 2,823 565 270 3,118 235 7 404 — — 110 1975 8,551 8,969 8,431 1,346 928 8,849 4,189 900 229 4,861 1,198 25 59 1,164 2,393 409 225 2,577 235 11 416 — — 120 1976 9,511 10,226 9,381 1,760 1,045 10,096 4,624 1,255 261 5,618 1,382 32 54 1,360 2,630 463 225 2,868 240 11 505 — — 130 1977 9,899 11,099 9,709 2,146 946 10,909 4,966 1,637 233 6,370 1,460 31 22 1,469 2,566 456 214 2,808 240 22 477 — — 190 1978 10,185 11,613 9,900 2,425 997 11,328 5,009 1,870 235 6,644 1,495 37 22 1,509 2,629 505 212 2,922 240 13 528 — — 285 1979 10,506 11,679 10,096 2,355 1,182 11,269 4,877 1,749 296 6,330 1,452 29 30 1,451 2,920 558 253 3,225 245 19 603 — — 410 1980 9,563 10,414 8,988 2,061 1,210 9,839 4,011 1,477 320 5,168 1,194 18 27 1,185 3,041 547 365 3,223 245 18 497 — — 575 1981 9,200 10,135 8,610 1,991 1,056 9,545 3,839 1,441 310 4,971 1,209 21 49 1,181 2,937 514 317 3,134 245 14 380 — — 590 1982 9,009 9,930 8,389 2,018 1,097 9,310 3,726 1,387 268 4,845 1,134 25 32 1,127 2,782 476 298 2,960 248 16 498 114 — 620 1983 10,122 11,419 9,527 2,469 1,172 10,824 4,577 1,780 298 6,060 1,391 39 41 1,389 2,767 488 291 2,964 249 23 542 139 — 595 1984 10,351 11,947 9,716 2,690 1,094 11,312 4,715 1,931 258 6,389 1,390 36 26 1,401 2,821 555 271 3,105 250 19 539 148 — 635 1985 10,334 12,005 9,729 2,803 1,132 11,400 4,713 2,132 246 6,599 1,392 46 22 1,415 2,772 561 267 3,066 256 11 597 53 — 605 1986 11,109 12,646 10,591 2,766 1,228 12,128 5,259 2,070 303 7,027 1,501 47 42 1,507 3,011 591 321 3,281 257 8 562 49 — 518 1987 11,748 13,184 11,235 2,843 1,408 12,671 5,629 2,103 381 7,352 1,537 62 53 1,546 3,158 632 341 3,449 277 11 633 35 — 513 1988 11,796 12,884 11,288 2,743 1,654 12,376 5,603 1,992 495 7,100 1,497 51 66 1,482 3,182 631 358 3,456 270 9 735 59 — 508 1989 11,672 12,693 11,169 2,873 1,853 12,190 5,423 2,164 504 7,083 1,357 30 90 1,296 3,223 628 386 3,465 294 3 719 48 154 503 1990 11,466 12,277 10,968 2,580 1,769 11,779 5,154 1,865 439 6,580 1,328 26 101 1,253 3,376 644 417 3,603 298 2 639 43 174 498 1991 10,900 11,509 10,402 2,344 1,734 11,011 4,785 1,672 455 6,002 1,178 23 83 1,118 3,433 608 483 3,558 292 1 556 40 157 498 1992 11,062 12,035 10,563 2,575 1,602 11,536 4,981 1,911 389 6,503 1,209 29 91 1,147 3,436 598 509 3,526 323 6 489 31 125 499 1993 10,592 12,041 10,090 2,878 1,429 11,539 4,745 2,180 350 6,575 1,205 29 88 1,146 3,261 611 443 3,430 329 14 422 45 127 502 1994 10,781 12,419 10,268 3,016 1,378 11,906 4,883 2,329 319 6,893 1,219 27 75 1,172 3,336 622 460 3,498 305 15 387 22 138 513 1995 10,639 12,441 10,158 3,230 1,427 11,961 4,603 2,461 276 6,788 1,195 31 77 1,149 3,548 682 534 3,696 272 9 408 47 132 481 1996 10,528 12,413 10,080 3,243 1,359 11,964 4,703 2,550 259 6,994 1,176 30 75 1,130 3,434 599 522 3,512 265 13 381 50 122 448 1997 10,596 12,531 10,180 3,267 1,333 12,114 4,886 2,541 239 7,188 1,105 35 92 1,048 3,456 634 526 3,564 257 13 332 44 144 416 1998 10,577 12,827 10,097 3,336 1,085 12,348 4,866 2,594 166 7,295 1,089 43 46 1,085 3,476 631 465 3,642 257 24 263 45 146 480 1999 10,872 13,310 10,389 3,551 1,113 12,827 5,128 2,688 198 7,618 1,092 62 37 1,118 3,486 714 452 3,748 257 41 266 46 160 483 2000 10,738 13,241 10,430 3,673 1,170 12,933 5,180 2,805 209 7,776 1,063 58 43 1,078 3,568 746 459 3,856 159 62 330 1 129 308 2001 10,359 13,080 10,051 3,763 1,042 12,772 4,981 2,895 147 7,729 939 73 31 982 3,430 731 437 3,724 272 64 307 1 121 308 2002 10,404 13,288 10,115 3,895 1,011 12,999 5,161 3,026 146 8,040 947 95 27 1,016 3,347 699 447 3,599 269 75 279 0 112 289 2003 10,622 13,731 10,334 4,042 934 13,443 5,273 3,055 145 8,183 933 117 26 1,024 3,587 801 390 3,998 169 69 262 1 111 288 2004 11,105 14,750 10,812 4,590 944 14,457 5,628 3,531 125 9,033 957 176 31 1,102 3,683 819 412 4,090 169 62 256 2 120 293 2005 11,297 14,947 11,002 4,624 974 14,652 5,861 3,550 136 9,275 943 197 26 1,113 3,644 778 426 3,996 169 98 257 1 128 295 2006 10,809 14,280 10,514 4,309 838 13,985 5,554 3,282 141 8,694 887 173 26 1,034 3,644 768 410 4,002 169 85 261 2 0 295 aSource: (Howard 2007, table 6a). bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. 
6

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 2. Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 (million cubic feet,

roundwood equivalent) 

Industrial roundwood use 

All

products Total Lumber 

Plywood 

and veneer 

Pulpwood-based 

products Other 

industrial

products, 

production

and consumptionc

Logs 

Pulpwood

chip

Fuelwood

production and

consumption Year Pro- duc- tion Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- portsb Ex- portsb Con- sump- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Im- ports Ex- ports

1965 3,647 3,865 2,912 306 89 3,130 1,650 52 17 1,685 125 55 0 180 864 191 58 997 260 9 13 — — 735 1966 3,719 3,961 3,044 353 112 3,286 1,709 70 35 1,743 128 65 0 193 941 210 65 1,086 255 8 12 — — 675 1967 3,520 3,717 2,900 315 119 3,097 1,628 52 35 1,646 119 65 1 184 907 191 68 1,030 230 7 16 — — 620 1968 3,388 3,625 2,828 345 108 3,065 1,529 52 17 1,564 127 98 1 224 937 187 74 1,050 220 7 15 — — 560 1969 3,409 3,692 2,914 402 119 3,197 1,529 70 17 1,581 118 110 1 227 1,049 216 87 1,178 205 6 13 — — 495 1970 3,180 3,401 2,750 352 131 2,971 1,459 52 17 1,494 115 107 3 219 970 187 100 1,057 195 6 11 — — 430 1971 3,212 3,478 2,812 401 135 3,078 1,480 70 35 1,515 125 132 1 257 1,012 195 90 1,117 185 5 9 — — 400 1972 3,272 3,568 2,887 440 144 3,183 1,489 70 35 1,524 133 164 2 296 1,074 201 92 1,183 175 4 15 — — 385 1973 3,431 3,730 3,026 450 151 3,325 1,543 87 35 1,595 122 132 3 251 1,173 227 95 1,305 170 4 18 — — 405 1974 3,463 3,698 3,038 417 181 3,273 1,484 70 35 1,519 97 86 4 178 1,277 257 123 1,411 160 5 19 — — 425 1975 2,923 3,101 2,473 318 140 2,651 1,282 52 35 1,300 79 100 5 174 952 163 90 1,025 150 3 11 — — 450 1976 3,192 3,413 2,722 369 149 2,943 1,402 52 35 1,419 84 123 5 202 1,086 192 94 1,184 135 2 15 — — 470 1977 3,631 3,852 2,821 364 143 3,042 1,495 52 35 1,513 91 117 4 205 1,075 192 90 1,177 145 2 14 — — 810 1978 4,270 4,516 3,030 432 186 3,276 1,578 70 70 1,578 92 130 2 220 1,188 230 97 1,321 155 3 18 — — 1,240 1979 4,920 5,135 3,125 414 198 3,340 1,640 70 70 1,640 89 108 2 195 1,216 234 106 1,343 160 2 21 — — 1,795 1980 5,623 5,698 3,093 334 259 3,168 1,611 52 87 1,576 78 62 3 138 1,209 218 145 1,282 170 2 24 — — 2,530 1981 5,447 5,547 2,857 351 251 2,957 1,319 52 87 1,284 75 77 3 149 1,258 219 135 1,342 180 2 25 — — 2,590 1982 5,675 5,816 2,940 354 212 3,081 1,407 31 64 1,374 95 97 3 189 1,236 222 130 1,328 187 3 15 — — 2,735 1983 6,004 6,201 3,364 457 260 3,561 1,543 35 86 1,492 104 140 3 241 1,503 278 153 1,628 196 4 18 — — 2,640 1984 6,638 6,880 3,653 498 256 3,895 1,775 44 92 1,728 103 125 2 226 1,549 325 142 1,732 205 5 20 — — 2,985 1985 6,516 6,835 3,671 562 244 3,990 1,691 52 71 1,673 93 149 3 239 1,660 357 153 1,864 209 5 18 — — 2,845 1986 6,631 6,906 4,053 585 310 4,328 1,846 49 91 1,804 96 152 4 244 1,869 381 193 2,057 219 4 22 — — 2,578 1987 6,712 6,995 4,150 630 347 4,432 1,982 70 130 1,922 102 179 4 277 1,824 380 190 2,013 218 2 24 — — 2,563 1988 6,888 7,036 4,330 600 452 4,479 2,064 58 208 1,914 101 150 6 245 1,892 390 205 2,077 240 2 33 — — 2,558 1989 7,091 7,108 4,553 547 530 4,570 2,118 64 150 2,032 97 85 7 174 1,926 395 221 2,099 261 3 34 1 117 2,538 1990 7,130 7,103 4,608 511 538 4,582 2,163 45 151 2,057 95 71 9 157 1,937 394 229 2,102 264 2 35 0 114 2,521 1991 7,023 6,829 4,493 465 659 4,299 1,961 42 164 1,839 89 60 11 138 1,964 361 264 2,062 259 1 45 0 174 2,530 1992 7,262 7,035 4,717 515 742 4,490 2,003 50 172 1,880 85 71 15 142 2,080 393 293 2,181 287 1 36 0 226 2,545 1993 7,503 7,377 4,922 587 714 4,795 2,142 60 182 2,019 89 71 13 148 2,162 454 281 2,335 292 1 38 1 199 2,582 1994 7,659 7,515 5,038 616 760 4,894 2,168 67 193 2,042 101 67 11 156 2,240 480 298 2,422 271 3 42 1 216 2,621 1995 7,728 7,578 5,272 688 838 5,122 2,212 62 184 2,089 107 76 12 172 2,423 545 354 2,614 241 4 43 2 245 2,456 1996 7,469 7,245 5,178 656 880 4,954 2,183 66 190 2,059 105 67 11 161 2,319 515 343 2,490 235 5 41 3 295 2,291 1997 6,735 6,530 4,609 597 803 4,404 2,217 79 213 2,082 109 79 12 176 1,727 429 249 1,908 228 7 51 3 278 2,126 1998 6,845 6,761 4,802 643 727 4,718 2,432 96 185 2,343 112 88 9 191 1,711 451 214 1,947 228 6 53 2 266 2,043 1999 6,702 6,669 4,643 680 712 4,611 2,501 122 206 2,417 116 98 10 204 1,477 453 175 1,755 228 6 60 0 261 2,059 2000 6,514 6,595 5,201 949 869 5,281 2,203 138 226 2,115 124 96 8 212 2,415 704 317 2,802 141 9 92 1 226 1,314 2001 6,169 6,341 4,857 937 765 5,028 2,070 112 213 1,970 149 103 8 244 2,350 712 305 2,757 48 10 96 0 144 1,313 2002r 5,993 6,248 4,762 981 727 5,016 2,056 129 212 1,972 120 127 8 240 2,353 712 321 2,744 48 11 109 2 76 1,231 

2003 5,507 5,928 4,280 1,022 601 4,701 1,904 138 202 1,840 119 123 9 233 1,970 746 253 2,464 149 11 94 4 43 1,227 2004 5,731 6,228 4,484 1,154 658 4,980 2,043 173 222 1,994 125 178 12 291 2,009 789 266 2,532 149 10 110 4 47 1,247 2005 5,712 6,219 4,457 1,179 672 4,964 2,022 187 253 1,956 125 176 11 290 2,035 792 283 2,545 149 15 88 8 38 1,255 2006 5,632 6,123 4,377 1,098 608 4,868 1,999 158 249 1,907 116 196 9 303 2,035 733 272 2,496 149 9 78 2 0 1,255 

aSource: (Howard 2007, table 7a). bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. 
7

Criterion 6 Indicator 28 Table 3. Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2006 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Industrial roundwood use All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products Other industrial products, production and con- sumptionc Logs Pulpwood chip Fuel- wood produc- tion and con- sumption Year Produc- tion Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Con- sump- tion Produc- tion Im- portsb Ex- portsb Con- sump- tion Im- ports Ex- ports Im- ports Ex- ports

1965 12,153 13,196 11,238 1,604 561 12,281 6,233 823 148 6,908 1,071 69 3 1,137 3,176 701 213 3,665 560 11 191 — 7 915 1966 12,382 13,403 11,537 1,679 658 12,558 6,222 826 182 6,867 1,118 82 4 1,196 3,392 755 232 3,915 565 15 223 — 17 845 1967 12,160 12,952 11,380 1,612 819 12,172 6,037 809 197 6,648 1,100 81 7 1,175 3,365 709 253 3,822 515 12 315 — 47 780 1968 12,584 13,414 11,884 1,807 978 12,714 6,112 966 181 6,897 1,237 124 6 1,355 3,539 705 280 3,964 485 13 411 — 101 700 1969 12,583 13,480 11,963 1,944 1,047 12,860 5,965 1,000 182 6,783 1,153 138 16 1,275 3,861 792 320 4,333 455 13 383 — 146 620 1970 12,536 13,222 12,001 1,896 1,211 12,687 5,768 966 197 6,537 1,197 133 12 1,318 4,023 773 413 4,383 425 23 438 — 150 535 1971 12,737 13,827 12,237 2,107 1,017 13,327 6,182 1,203 184 7,201 1,378 166 8 1,535 3,773 725 336 4,162 415 13 366 — 123 500 1972 13,088 14,248 12,613 2,388 1,227 13,773 6,339 1,485 232 7,592 1,512 206 18 1,700 3,698 690 317 4,070 405 6 502 — 157 475 1973 13,426 14,409 12,921 2,404 1,421 13,904 6,490 1,505 327 7,667 1,496 165 34 1,628 3,775 729 305 4,199 405 5 538 — 216 505 1974 12,806 13,493 12,271 2,086 1,399 12,958 5,826 1,145 297 6,673 1,287 107 45 1,349 4,100 822 393 4,529 395 12 423 — 240 535 1975 11,672 12,070 11,102 1,664 1,266 11,500 5,471 953 263 6,160 1,277 125 64 1,338 3,345 572 314 3,602 385 14 427 — 198 570 1976 12,948 13,639 12,348 2,130 1,439 13,039 6,026 1,307 295 7,038 1,466 154 59 1,561 3,715 655 319 4,052 375 13 520 — 245 600 1977 13,790 14,951 12,790 2,510 1,350 13,951 6,461 1,689 268 7,882 1,552 148 26 1,673 3,641 648 304 3,985 385 25 491 — 261 1,000 1978 14,680 16,129 13,155 2,857 1,408 14,604 6,586 1,939 304 8,221 1,586 167 25 1,729 3,817 735 309 4,243 395 15 545 — 225 1,525 1979 15,706 16,815 13,501 2,769 1,660 14,610 6,516 1,819 366 7,969 1,541 137 32 1,646 4,136 792 359 4,568 405 21 623 — 280 2,205 1980 15,464 16,113 12,359 2,395 1,747 13,008 5,623 1,530 407 6,745 1,272 81 30 1,323 4,250 765 510 4,505 415 20 522 — 278 3,105 1981 14,867 15,682 11,687 2,342 1,527 12,502 5,158 1,493 397 6,254 1,284 99 53 1,330 4,195 734 452 4,476 425 16 405 — 220 3,180 1982 14,861 15,746 11,506 2,371 1,487 12,391 5,133 1,418 332 6,219 1,229 122 35 1,317 4,019 698 429 4,288 435 19 513 114 178 3,3551983 16,282 17,619 13,047 2,926 1,589 14,384 6,121 1,815 384 7,551 1,495 179 44 1,630 4,270 766 444 4,592 445 26 560 139 156 3,2351984 17,133 18,827 13,513 3,189 1,494 15,207 6,491 1,975 350 8,116 1,494 161 28 1,627 4,370 880 412 4,838 455 24 559 148 145 3,6201985 16,994 18,840 13,544 3,366 1,520 15,390 6,404 2,184 317 8,271 1,485 194 25 1,654 4,432 918 419 4,931 465 16 615 53 144 3,450 1986 17,891 19,552 14,795 3,351 1,689 16,456 7,105 2,119 394 8,830 1,598 199 45 1,751 4,881 972 514 5,338 475 13 585 49 151 3,096 1987 18,619 20,179 15,543 3,473 1,913 17,103 7,611 2,173 510 9,274 1,639 240 57 1,823 4,982 1,012 531 5,463 495 13 657 35 158 3,0761988 18,902 19,921 15,836 3,343 2,324 16,855 7,667 2,050 704 9,014 1,598 201 72 1,728 5,075 1,021 563 5,533 510 11 767 59 218 3,0661989 18,763 19,800 15,722 3,420 2,383 16,759 7,541 2,228 655 9,115 1,454 114 97 1,471 5,149 1,022 608 5,564 555 6 753 49 271 3,0411990 18,596 19,380 15,577 3,091 2,307 16,361 7,317 1,909 589 8,637 1,423 97 109 1,410 5,313 1,038 646 5,704 562 4 674 43 288 3,0191991 17,922 18,338 14,894 2,808 2,393 15,310 6,746 1,714 619 7,841 1,267 83 95 1,255 5,397 969 746 5,620 551 2 602 41 332 3,028 1992 18,324 19,070 15,280 3,090 2,344 16,026 6,983 1,960 561 8,383 1,294 100 106 1,288 5,516 992 801 5,706 610 7 524 31 351 3,044 1993 18,095 19,418 15,011 3,465 2,143 16,334 6,887 2,240 532 8,595 1,293 100 100 1,293 5,423 1,065 724 5,764 621 15 460 46 326 3,084 1994 18,440 19,934 15,306 3,632 2,139 16,800 7,052 2,395 512 8,935 1,320 94 86 1,328 5,576 1,102 758 5,920 576 18 429 23 354 3,1341995 18,367 20,019 15,430 3,917 2,265 17,082 6,815 2,522 460 8,877 1,303 107 89 1,321 5,972 1,226 888 6,310 513 13 451 49 377 2,9371996 17,997 19,658 15,258 3,899 2,239 16,918 6,886 2,616 449 9,053 1,281 97 87 1,291 5,753 1,114 865 6,002 500 18 422 53 416 2,7391997 17,332 19,061 14,790 3,864 2,136 16,519 7,103 2,619 452 9,270 1,213 114 103 1,224 5,183 1,063 775 5,472 485 20 384 47 422 2,542 1998 17,422 19,588 14,899 3,979 1,812 17,065 7,298 2,690 350 9,638 1,201 131 55 1,276 5,187 1,082 679 5,590 485 30 316 47 412 2,5231999 17,574 19,980 15,032 4,231 1,825 17,438 7,629 2,810 404 10,035 1,208 160 46 1,322 4,962 1,167 627 5,503 485 47 326 47 422 2,5422000 17,253 19,836 15,631 4,622 2,039 18,214 7,384 2,943 435 9,892 1,187 154 51 1,290 5,983 1,451 776 6,658 300 72 422 2 355 1,6222001 16,528 19,421 14,907 4,700 1,807 17,800 7,052 3,007 359 9,699 1,088 176 39 1,225 5,780 1,443 742 6,481 320 73 403 1 265 1,6212002 16,398 19,536 14,878 4,877 1,738 18,016 7,217 3,154 359 10,012 1,067 223 34 1,256 5,699 1,412 768 6,343 317 86 388 2 188 1,5202003 16,129 19,658 14,614 5,064 1,535 18,143 7,177 3,193 347 10,023 1,052 240 35 1,257 5,557 1,547 643 6,462 318 80 356 4 155 1,5152004 16,836 20,978 15,296 5,744 1,602 19,438 7,671 3,704 348 11,028 1,082 354 43 1,393 5,692 1,608 678 6,622 318 73 366 5 168 1,5402005 17,009 21,166 15,459 5,802 1,646 19,616 7,883 3,737 389 11,231 1,068 373 37 1,403 5,679 1,570 708 6,541 318 114 345 9 166 1,5502006 16,441 20,403 14,891 5,408 1,446 18,853 7,552 3,439 390 10,602 1,003 369 35 1,337 5,679 1,502 683 6,498 318 94 339 4 0 1,550 aSource: (Howard 2007, table 5a). bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. 
8

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 4. Apparent U.S. roundwood consumption, U.S. production for domestic use, and percentage of 

consumption from U.S. domestic use by species group, 1965–2006 (million cubic feet roundwood 

equivalent) 

Softwoods Hardwoods Total

Year 

Total

consumption 

U.S.

production 

for domestic 

use

Percentage

of

consumption 

from U.S. 

production 

for domestic 

use

Total

consumption

U.S.

production for 

domestic use 

Percentage of

consumption 

from U.S. 

production 

for domestic 

use

Total

consumption

U.S.

production 

for domestic 

use

Percentage of 

consumption 

from U.S. 

production for 

domestic use 

1965 9,331 8,033 86 3,865 3,558 92 13,196 11,592 88 

1966 9,442 8,117 86 3,961 3,607 91 13,403 11,724 87 

1967 9,235 7,939 86 3,717 3,401 92 12,952 11,340 88 

1968 9,788 8,326 85 3,625 3,281 90 13,414 11,606 87 

1969 9,788 8,246 84 3,692 3,290 89 13,480 11,536 86 

1970 9,821 8,276 84 3,401 3,049 90 13,222 11,325 86 

1971 10,348 8,643 84 3,478 3,077 88 13,827 11,720 85 

1972 10,681 8,733 82 3,568 3,128 88 14,248 11,861 83 

1973 10,679 8,725 82 3,730 3,280 88 14,409 12,005 83 

1974 9,795 8,126 83 3,698 3,281 89 13,493 11,407 85 

1975 8,969 7,623 85 3,101 2,783 90 12,070 10,406 86 

1976 10,226 8,466 83 3,413 3,043 89 13,639 11,509 84 

1977 11,099 8,953 81 3,852 3,487 91 14,951 12,441 83 

1978 11,613 9,188 79 4,516 4,084 90 16,129 13,272 82 

1979 11,679 9,324 80 5,135 4,722 92 16,815 14,046 84 

1980 10,414 8,353 80 5,698 5,364 94 16,113 13,717 85 

1981 10,135 8,144 80 5,547 5,196 94 15,682 13,340 85 

1982 9,930 7,912 80 5,816 5,463 94 15,746 13,375 85 

1983 11,419 8,950 78 6,201 5,744 93 17,619 14,693 83 

1984 11,947 9,257 77 6,880 6,382 93 18,827 15,639 83 

1985 12,005 9,202 77 6,835 6,272 92 18,840 15,474 82 

1986 12,646 9,880 78 6,906 6,321 92 19,552 16,201 83 

1987 13,184 10,341 78 6,995 6,365 91 20,179 16,706 83 

1988 12,884 10,142 79 7,037 6,436 91 19,921 16,578 83 

1989 12,693 9,819 77 7,108 6,561 92 19,800 16,380 83 

1990 12,277 9,697 79 7,103 6,592 93 19,380 16,289 84 

1991 11,509 9,165 80 6,829 6,364 93 18,338 15,530 85 

1992 12,035 9,459 79 7,035 6,520 93 19,070 15,980 84 

1993 12,041 9,162 76 7,377 6,790 92 19,418 15,952 82 

1994 12,419 9,403 76 7,515 6,899 92 19,934 16,302 82 

1995 12,441 9,212 74 7,578 6,890 91 20,019 16,102 80 

1996 12,413 9,169 74 7,245 6,589 91 19,658 15,758 80 

1997 12,531 9,264 74 6,530 5,933 91 19,061 15,196 80 

1998 12,827 9,491 74 6,761 6,118 90 19,588 15,609 80 

1999 13,310 9,759 73 6,669 5,990 90 19,980 15,749 79 

2000 13,241 10,738 81 6,595 6,514 99 19,836 17,253 87 

2001 13,080 10,359 79 6,341 6,169 97 19,421 16,528 85 

2002 13,288 10,404 78 6,248 5,993 96 19,536 16,398 84 

2003 13,731 10,622 77 5,928 5,507 93 19,658 16,129 82 

2004 14,750 11,105 75 6,228 5,731 92 20,978 16,836 80 

2005 14,947 11,297 76 6,219 5,712 92 21,166 17,009 80 

2006 14,280 10,809 76 6,123 5,632 92 20,403 16,441 81 

a

Sources: Tables 1, 2, and 3. 
9

Criterion 6 Indicator 28

Table 5. Apparent roundwood production, trade, and consumption and production and trade versus consumption 

(million cubic feet roundwood equivalent, and percentage), 1900–2006 

Production Trade Consumption Production and trade versus consumption 

Year 

Industrial 

roundwood 

(1) 

Fuelwood 

(2) 

Total

(3) = (1)+(2) 

Imports 

(4) 

Exports 

(5) 

Net 

imports 

(6) = (4)–(5)

Consumption

(7) = (3)+(6) 

Percentage of 

consumption 

from U.S. production 

for domestic use 

(8) = ((3)–(5))/(7) 

Imports as a 

percentage 

of consumption 

(9) = (4)/(7) 

[100–(8)] 

Net imports as

a percentage of 

consumption

(6)/(7) 

1900 7,280 4,800 12,080 — — –140 11,940 — — –1 

1901 7,580 4,650 12,230 — — –110 12,120 — — –1 

1902 7,880 4,500 12,380 — — –60 12,320 — — 0 

1903 8,215 4,350 12,565 — — –140 12,425 — — –1 

1904 8,490 4,200 12,690 — — –150 12,540 — — –1 

1905 8,625 4,050 12,675 — — –90 12,585 — — –1 

1906 9,225 3,900 13,125 — — –95 13,030 — — –1 

1907 9,555 3,825 13,380 — — –115 13,265 — — –1 

1908 8,725 3,975 12,700 — — –80 12,620 — — –1 

1909 9,275 3,825 13,100 — — –50 13,050 — — 0 

1910 9,295 3,910 13,205 — — –80 13,125 — — –1 

1911 9,020 4,035 13,055 — — –150 12,905 — — –1 

1912 9,330 3,760 13,090 — — –145 12,945 — — –1 

1913 9,170 3,780 12,950 — — –165 12,785 — — –1 

1914 8,565 3,975 12,540 — — –15 12,525 — — 0 

1915 8,285 3,975 12,260 — — –135 12,125 — — –1 

1916 8,530 3,955 12,485 — — 165 12,650 — — 1 

1917 7,940 4,040 11,980 — — 170 12,150 — — 1 

1918 7,310 4,290 11,600 — — 180 11,780 — — 2 

1919 7,725 4,075 11,800 — — 125 11,925 — — 1 

1920 7,770 4,065 11,835 — — 205 12,040 — — 2 

1921 6,565 4,270 10,835 — — 165 11,000 — — 2 

1922 7,605 3,760 11,365 — — 290 11,655 — — 2 

1923 8,535 3,375 11,910 — — 345 12,255 — — 3 

1924 8,245 3,380 11,625 — — 285 11,910 — — 2 

1925 8,350 3,225 11,575 — — 360 11,935 — — 3 

1926 8,220 3,065 11,285 — — 375 11,660 — — 3 

1927 7,775 3,200 10,975 — — 340 11,315 — — 3 

1928 7,670 3,225 10,895 — — 290 11,185 — — 3 

1929 8,045 3,170 11,215 — — 330 11,545 — — 3 

1930 6,305 3,790 10,095 — — 400 10,495 — — 4 

1931 4,610 4,390 9,000 — — 335 9,335 — — 4 

1932 3,400 4,980 8,380 — — 305 8,685 — — 4 

1933 4,040 5,005 9,045 — — 345 9,390 — — 4 

1934 4,340 4,825 9,165 — — 355 9,520 — — 4 

1935 5,095 4,510 9,605 — — 420 10,025 — — 4 

1936 5,980 4,265 10,245 — — 560 10,805 — — 5 

1937 6,370 4,075 10,445 — — 610 11,055 — — 6 

1938 5,570 4,325 9,895 — — 470 10,365 — — 5 

1939 6,370 4,190 10,560 — — 535 11,095 — — 5 

1940 6,990 3,890 10,880 — — 420 11,300 — — 4 

1941 8,055 3,595 11,650 — — 650 12,300 — — 5 

1942 8,085 2,865 10,950 — — 705 11,655 — — 6 

1943 7,560 2,785 10,345 — — 565 10,910 — — 5 

1944 7,455 2,915 10,370 — — 555 10,925 — — 5 

1945 6,605 2,975 9,580 — — 685 10,265 — — 7 

1946 7,705 2,675 10,380 — — 810 11,190 — — 7 

1947 8,090 2,685 10,775 — — 815 11,590 — — 7 

1948 8,375 2,665 11,040 — — 1,090 12,130 — — 9 

1949 7,355 2,820 10,175 — — 935 11,110 — — 8 

1950 8,530 2,270 10,800 1,525 140 1,385 12,185 87 13 11 

1951 8,745 2,230 10,975 1,465 260 1,205 12,180 88 12 10 

1952 8,775 2,010 10,785 1,375 215 1,160 11,945 88 12 10 

1953 8,790 1,920 10,710 1,425 190 1,235 11,945 88 12 10 

1954 8,755 1,835 10,590 1,465 270 1,195 11,785 88 12 10 

1955 9,225 1,745 10,970 1,610 340 1,270 12,240 87 13 10 

1956 9,620 1,655 11,275 1,640 315 1,325 12,600 87 13 11 

1957 8,615 1,565 10,180 1,495 340 1,155 11,335 87 13 10 

1958 8,530 1,480 10,010 1,495 310 1,185 11,195 87 13 11 

1959 9,390 1,390 10,780 1,700 355 1,345 12,125 86 14 11 

1960 8,925 1,300 10,225 1,680 455 1,225 11,450 85 15 11 

1961 8,745 1,215 9,960 1,745 500 1,245 11,205 84 16 11 

1962 9,035 1,125 10,160 1,910 505 1,405 11,565 83 17 12 

1963 9,560 1,055 10,615 1,990 640 1,350 11,965 83 17 11 
10

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 5. Apparent roundwood production, trade, and consumption; and production and trade versus consumption 

(million cubic feet roundwood equivalent, and percent)—con.

Production Trade Consumption Production and trade versus consumption 

Year 

Industrial 

roundwood 

(1) 

Fuelwood 

(2) 

Total

(3) = (1)+(2) 

Imports 

(4) 

Exports 

(5) 

Net imports

(6) = (4)–(5)

Consumption

(7) = (3)+(6) 

Percentage of 

consumption 

from U.S. production 

for domestic use 

(8) = ((3)–(5))/(7) 

Imports as a 

percentage 

of consumption 

(9) = (4)/(7) 

[100–(8)] 

Net imports

as a 

percentage

of

consumption

(6)/(7) 

1964 10,170 985 11,155 2,035 735 1,300 12,455 84 16 10 

1965 11,238 915 12,146 1,604 561 1,042 13,188 88 12 8 

1966 11,537 845 12,365 1,679 658 1,020 13,385 87 13 8 

1967 11,380 780 12,113 1,612 819 792 12,905 88 12 6 

1968 11,884 700 12,484 1,807 978 829 13,313 86 14 6 

1969 11,963 620 12,438 1,944 1,047 897 13,335 85 15 7 

1970 12,001 535 12,386 1,896 1,211 685 13,071 85 15 5 

1971 12,237 500 12,614 2,107 1,017 1,090 13,704 85 15 8 

1972 12,613 475 12,931 2,388 1,227 1,161 14,092 83 17 8 

1973 12,921 505 13,210 2,404 1,421 983 14,193 83 17 7 

1974 12,271 535 12,566 2,086 1,399 687 13,253 84 16 5 

1975 11,102 570 11,474 1,664 1,266 398 11,872 86 14 3 

1976 12,348 600 12,703 2,130 1,439 691 13,394 84 16 5 

1977 12,790 1,000 13,530 2,510 1,350 1,160 14,690 83 17 8 

1978 13,155 1,525 14,455 2,857 1,408 1,449 15,904 82 18 9 

1979 13,501 2,205 15,426 2,769 1,660 1,109 16,535 83 17 7 

1980 12,359 3,105 15,186 2,395 1,747 648 15,834 85 15 4 

1981 11,687 3,180 14,647 2,342 1,527 815 15,462 85 15 5 

1982 11,506 3,355 14,683 2,371 1,487 885 15,568 85 15 6 

1983 13,047 3,235 16,126 2,926 1,589 1,337 17,463 83 17 8 

1984 13,513 3,620 16,988 3,189 1,494 1,695 18,683 83 17 9 

1985 13,544 3,450 16,850 3,366 1,520 1,846 18,696 82 18 10 

1986 14,795 3,096 17,740 3,351 1,689 1,661 19,401 83 17 9 

1987 15,543 3,076 18,461 3,473 1,913 1,560 20,021 83 17 8 

1988 15,836 3,066 18,684 3,343 2,324 1,019 19,703 83 17 5 

1989 15,722 3,041 18,763 3,420 2,383 1,037 19,800 83 17 5 

1990 15,577 3,019 18,596 3,091 2,307 784 19,380 84 16 4 

1991 14,894 3,028 17,922 2,808 2,393 415 18,337 85 15 2 

1992 15,280 3,044 18,324 3,090 2,344 746 19,070 84 16 4 

1993 15,011 3,084 18,095 3,465 2,143 1,323 19,418 82 18 7 

1994 15,306 3,134 18,440 3,632 2,139 1,493 19,933 82 18 7 

1995 15,430 2,937 18,367 3,917 2,265 1,652 20,019 80 20 8 

1996 15,258 2,739 17,997 3,899 2,239 1,661 19,658 80 20 8 

1997 14,790 2,542 17,332 3,864 2,136 1,729 19,061 80 20 9 

1998 14,899 2,523 17,422 3,979 1,812 2,166 19,588 80 20 11 

1999 15,032 2,542 17,574 4,231 1,825 2,406 19,980 79 21 12 

2000 15,631 1,622 17,253 4,622 2,039 2,583 19,836 77 23 13 

2001 14,907 1,621 16,528 4,700 1,807 2,893 19,421 76 24 15 

2002 14,878 1,520 16,398 4,877 1,738 3,139 19,537 75 25 16 

2003 14,614 1,515 16,129 5,064 1,535 3,529 19,658 74 26 18 

2004 15,296 1,540 16,836 5,744 1,602 4,142 20,978 73 27 20 

2005 15,459 1,550 17,009 5,802 1,646 4,156 21,165 73 27 20 

2006 14,891 1,550 16,441 5,408 1,446 3,962 20,403 73 27 19 

a

Sources: 1900–1949: (USDC BOC 1975, table L 72–86); 1950–1965: (USDA FS 1988, table 4); 1965–1999: (Howard 2007, table 5a). 
11

Criterion 6 Indicator 28

Table 6. U.S. per capita apparent roundwood production, trade, and consumption, 1900–2006 

(million cubic feet roundwood equivalent) 

Production/per capita Trade per capita 

Consumption

per capita 

Year 

Population 

(millions) 

Industrial

roundwood

(1)

Fuelwood

(2)

Total 

(3) = (1)+(2) 

Imports

(4)

Exports

(5)

Net

imports 

(6) = (4)–(5) 

Consumption

(7) = (3)+(6) 

1900 76.4 95 63 158 — — –2 156 

1901 77.9 97 60 157 — — –1 156 

1902 79.4 99 57 156 — — –1 155 

1903 80.9 102 54 155 — — –2 154 

1904 82.5 103 51 154 — — –2 152 

1905 84.0 103 48 151 — — –1 150 

1906 85.5 108 46 154 — — –1 152 

1907 87.0 110 44 154 — — –1 152 

1908 88.5 99 45 144 — — –1 143 

1909 90.0 103 43 146 — — –1 145 

1910 91.5 102 43 144 — — –1 143 

1911 93.0 97 43 140 — — –2 139 

1912 94.5 99 40 139 — — –2 137 

1913 96.0 96 39 135 — — –2 133 

1914 97.6 88 41 128 — — 0 128 

1915 99.1 84 40 124 — — –1 122 

1916 100.6 85 39 124 — — 2 126 

1917 102.1 78 40 117 — — 2 119 

1918 103.6 71 41 112 — — 2 114 

1919 105.1 74 39 112 — — 1 113 

1920 106.8 73 38 111 — — 2 113 

1921 108.4 61 39 100 — — 2 101 

1922 110.1 69 34 103 — — 3 106 

1923 111.8 76 30 107 — — 3 110 

1924 113.5 73 30 102 — — 3 105 

1925 115.1 73 28 101 — — 3 104 

1926 116.8 70 26 97 — — 3 100 

1927 118.5 66 27 93 — — 3 95 

1928 120.1 64 27 91 — — 2 93 

1929 121.8 66 26 92 — — 3 95 

1930 122.7 51 31 82 — — 3 86 

1931 123.7 37 35 73 — — 3 75 

1932 124.6 27 40 67 — — 2 70 

1933 125.6 32 40 72 — — 3 75 

1934 126.5 34 38 72 — — 3 75 

1935 127.4 40 35 75 — — 3 79 

1936 128.3 47 33 80 — — 4 84 

1937 129.2 49 32 81 — — 5 86 

1938 130.1 43 33 76 — — 4 80 

1939 131.0 49 32 81 — — 4 85 

1940 132.6 53 29 82 — — 3 85 

1941 134.2 60 27 87 — — 5 92 

1942 135.7 60 21 81 — — 5 86 

1943 137.3 55 20 75 — — 4 79 

1944 138.9 54 21 75 — — 4 79 

1945 141.1 47 21 68 — — 5 73 

1946 143.2 54 19 72 — — 6 78 

1947 145.4 56 18 74 — — 6 80 

1948 147.5 57 18 75 — — 7 82 

1949 149.7 49 19 68 — — 6 74 

1950 152.4 56 15 71 10 1 9 80 

1951 155.0 56 14 71 9 2 8 79 

1952 157.7 56 13 68 9 1 7 76 

1953 160.3 55 12 67 9 1 8 75 

1954 163.0 54 11 65 9 2 7 72 

1955 166.0 56 11 66 10 2 8 74 

1956 168.9 57 10 67 10 2 8 75 
12

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 6. U.S. per capita apparent roundwood production, trade, and consumption, 1900–2006 

(million cubic feet roundwood equivalent)—con.

Production/per capita Trade per capita 

Consumption

per capita 

Year 

Population 

(millions) 

Industrial

roundwood

(1)

Fuelwood

(2)

Total 

(3) = (1)+(2) 

Imports

(4)

Exports

(5)

Net

imports 

(6) = (4)–(5) 

Consumption

(7) = (3)+(6) 

1957 171.9 50 9 59 9 2 7 66 

1958 174.8 49 8 57 9 2 7 64 

1959 177.8 53 8 61 10 2 8 68 

1960 180.6 49 7 57 9 3 7 63 

1961 183.4 48 7 54 10 3 7 61 

1962 186.3 48 6 55 10 3 8 62 

1963 189.1 51 6 56 11 3 7 63 

1964 191.9 53 5 58 11 4 7 65 

1965 194.3 58 5 63 8 3 5 68 

1966 196.6 59 4 63 9 3 5 68 

1967 198.7 57 4 61 8 4 4 65 

1968 200.7 59 3 62 9 5 4 66 

1969 202.7 59 3 61 10 5 4 66 

1970 205.1 59 3 60 9 6 3 64 

1971 207.7 59 2 61 10 5 5 66 

1972 209.9 60 2 62 11 6 6 67 

1973 211.9 61 2 62 11 7 5 67 

1974 213.9 57 3 59 10 7 3 62 

1975 216.0 51 3 53 8 6 2 55 

1976 218.0 57 3 58 10 7 3 61 

1977 220.2 58 5 61 11 6 5 67 

1978 222.6 59 7 65 13 6 7 71 

1979 225.1 60 10 69 12 7 5 73 

1980 227.7 54 14 67 11 8 3 70 

1981 230.0 51 14 64 10 7 4 67 

1982 232.2 50 14 63 10 6 4 67 

1983 234.3 56 14 69 12 7 6 75 

1984 236.3 57 15 72 13 6 7 79 

1985 238.5 57 14 71 14 6 8 78 

1986 240.7 61 13 74 14 7 7 81 

1987 242.8 64 13 76 14 8 6 82 

1988 245.0 65 13 76 14 9 4 80 

1989 247.3 64 12 76 14 10 4 80 

1990 249.9 62 12 74 12 9 3 78 

1991 252.6 59 12 71 11 9 2 73 

1992 255.4 60 12 72 12 9 3 75 

1993 258.1 58 12 70 13 8 5 75 

1994 260.7 59 12 71 14 8 6 76 

1995 263.2 59 11 70 15 9 6 76 

1996 265.6 57 10 68 15 8 6 74 

1997 266.5 55 10 65 15 8 6 72 

1998 268.8 55 9 65 15 7 8 73 

1999 271.7 55 9 65 16 7 9 74 

2000 282.1 55 6 61 16 7 9 70 

2001 284.8 52 6 58 17 6 11 69 

2002 287.5 52 5 57 17 6 11 68 

2003 291.1 50 5 55 17 5 12 67 

2004 294.0 52 5 57 20 5 15 72 

2005 296.7 52 5 57 20 6 14 71 

2006 299.2 50 5 55 18 5 13 68 

a

Sources: Howard 2007, table 1 (population), Table 5. 
13

Criterion 6 Indicator 28 Table 7. Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2006 Production Imports Exports Consumption Percentage of consumption from production for domestic use Per capita consumption 

Year 

Total

(billion

board 

feet) 

Softwoods

(billion

board 

feet) 

Hardwoods

(billion

board 

 feet) 

Total

(billion

board 

feet) 

Softwoods

(billion

board 

feet) 

Hardwoods

(billion

board 

feet) 

Total

(billion

board 

feet) 

Softwoods

(billion

board 

feet) 

Hardwoods

(billion

board 

 feet) 

Total

(billion

board

 feet) 

Softwoods

(billion

board 

feet) 

Hardwoods

(billion

board

 feet) 

Total

 (%) 

Softwoods

(%)

Hardwoods

(%) 

Total

(board 

feet) 

Softwoods

(board 

feet) 

Hardwoods

(board 

feet) 

1965 38.7 29.3 9.4 5.2 4.9 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1 43.0 33.4 9.6 88 85 97 221 172 50 

1966 38.6 28.8 9.8 5.2 4.8 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 42.7 32.7 10.0 88 85 96 217 167 51 1967 37.5 28.2 9.3 5.1 4.8 0.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 41.4 32.0 9.4 88 85 97 208 161 47 1968 38.0 29.3 8.7 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1 43.0 34.1 8.9 86 83 97 214 170 45 1969 37.1 28.3 8.7 6.3 5.9 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1 42.3 33.2 9.0 85 82 96 209 164 45 1970 35.9 27.5 8.3 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.1 40.8 32.2 8.5 85 82 96 199 157 42 1971 38.5 30.0 8.4 7.6 7.2 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 45.0 36.3 8.6 83 80 95 217 175 42 1972 39.5 31.0 8.5 9.4 9.0 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.2 47.5 38.8 8.7 80 77 95 226 185 41 1973 40.4 31.6 8.8 9.5 9.0 0.5 2.0 1.8 0.2 47.9 38.8 9.1 80 77 95 226 183 43 1974 36.2 27.7 8.4 7.2 6.8 0.4 1.8 1.6 0.2 41.6 32.9 8.6 83 79 95 194 154 40 1975 34.1 26.7 7.3 6.0 5.7 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 38.5 31.0 7.4 84 82 96 178 144 34 1976 37.7 29.7 8.0 8.3 8.0 0.3 1.8 1.6 0.2 44.2 36.1 8.1 81 78 96 203 166 37 1977 40.2 31.7 8.5 10.7 10.4 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 49.3 40.7 8.6 78 74 97 224 185 39 1978 41.0 32.1 9.0 12.3 11.9 0.4 1.8 1.4 0.4 51.5 42.6 9.0 76 72 96 231 191 40 1979 40.7 31.4 9.3 11.6 11.2 0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 50.1 40.8 9.3 77 73 96 223 181 41 1980 35.4 26.2 9.2 9.9 9.6 0.3 2.5 2.0 0.5 42.8 33.8 9.0 77 72 97 188 149 39 1981 32.2 24.7 7.5 9.5 9.2 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 39.3 32.0 7.3 76 71 96 171 139 32 1982 31.8 23.8 8.0 9.0 8.8 0.2 2.0 1.6 0.4 38.8 31.0 7.8 77 72 98 167 133 34 1983 38.5 29.7 8.8 11.7 11.5 0.2 2.3 1.8 0.5 47.9 39.4 8.5 76 71 98 204 168 36 1984 41.3 31.2 10.1 13.0 12.7 0.3 2.1 1.6 0.5 52.1 42.3 9.8 75 70 97 220 179 42 1985 40.9 31.3 9.6 14.4 14.1 0.3 1.9 1.5 0.4 53.4 43.9 9.5 73 68 97 224 184 40 1986 45.8 35.3 10.5 14.1 13.8 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 57.4 47.2 10.2 75 71 97 239 196 43 1987 49.5 38.2 11.3 14.6 14.2 0.4 3.2 2.5 0.7 60.9 50.0 10.9 76 72 96 251 206 45 1988 49.9 38.1 11.7 13.8 13.5 0.3 4.5 3.3 1.2 59.2 48.3 10.9 77 72 97 242 197 44 1989 49.6 37.5 12.1 15.3 14.9 0.4 4.2 3.4 0.9 60.6 49.1 11.6 75 70 97 245 198 47 1990 48.1 35.8 12.3 13.1 12.9 0.3 3.8 2.9 0.9 57.4 45.7 11.7 77 72 98 230 183 47 1991 44.3 33.2 11.2 11.8 11.5 0.2 4.0 3.1 0.9 52.1 41.6 10.5 77 72 98 206 165 41 1992 45.9 34.5 11.4 13.5 13.2 0.3 3.6 2.6 1.0 55.8 45.1 10.7 76 71 97 219 177 42 1993 45.2 32.9 12.2 15.4 15.1 0.3 3.4 2.3 1.0 57.2 45.7 11.5 73 67 97 222 177 45 1994 46.5 34.1 12.4 16.6 16.2 0.4 3.3 2.2 1.1 59.8 48.2 11.7 72 66 97 230 185 45 1995 44.9 32.2 12.6 17.6 17.2 0.4 2.9 1.9 1.1 59.5 47.6 11.9 70 64 97 226 181 45 1996 45.8 33.3 12.5 18.4 18.0 0.4 2.9 1.8 1.1 61.3 49.5 11.8 70 64 97 231 186 44 1997 47.3 34.7 12.7 18.5 18.0 0.5 2.9 1.6 1.2 62.9 51.0 11.9 71 65 96 235 190 44 1998 48.6 34.7 13.9 19.0 18.5 0.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 65.4 52.0 13.4 71 65 96 242 192 50 1999 51.0 36.7 14.3 19.9 19.2 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.2 68.3 54.5 13.8 71 65 95 250 200 51 2000 48.6 36.0 12.6 20.2 19.4 0.8 2.7 1.4 1.3 66.1 54.0 12.1 74 66 96 234 191 43 2001 46.4 34.6 11.8 20.7 20.1 0.6 2.2 1.0 1.2 64.9 53.7 11.3 72 64 96 228 188 40 2002 47.6 35.8 11.8 21.7 21.0 0.7 2.2 1.0 1.2 67.1 55.8 11.3 71 64 96 233 194 39 2003 47.5 36.6 10.9 22.0 21.2 0.8 2.1 1.0 1.2 67.4 56.8 10.5 70 64 96 231 195 36 2004 50.8 39.1 11.7 25.5 24.5 1.0 2.1 0.8 1.3 74.1 62.8 11.4 81 62 97 252 213 39 2005 52.3 40.7 11.6 25.7 24.6 1.1 2.3 0.9 1.5 75.6 64.4 11.2 69 63 97 255 217 38 2006 50.0 38.6 11.4 23.7 22.8 0.9 2.4 0.9 1.4 71.3 60.4 10.9 70 64 96 238 202 36 aSource: Howard 2007, table 28. 
14

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 8. Plywood production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods,1965–2006 (3/8-in. basis)

Production Imports Exports Consumption 

Percentage of consumption 

from production for 

domestic use Per capita consumption 

Year 

Total

(×106 ft2)

Softwoods

(×106 ft2)

Hardwoods

(×106 ft2)

Total

(×106

ft2)

Softwoods

(×106 ft2)

Hardwoods

(×106 ft2)

Total

(×106 ft2)

Softwoods

(×106 ft2)

Hardwoods

(×106 ft2)

Total

(×106 ft2)

Softwoods

(×106 ft2)

Hardwoods

(×106 ft2)

Total

(%)

Softwoods

(%) 

Hardwoods

(%)

Total

(ft2)

Softwoods

(ft2)

Hardwoods

(ft2)

1965 14,496 12,447 2,049 1,052 5 1,047 36 30 6 15,512 12,422 3,090 93 100 66 80 64 16 

1966 15,132 13,056 2,076 1,257 3 1,254 56 48 8 16,333 13,011 3,322 92 100 62 83 66 17 1967 14,874 12,958 1,916 1,247 3 1,244 93 85 8 16,028 12,876 3,152 92 100 61 81 65 16 1968 16,704 14,695 2,009 1,896 10 1,886 78 64 14 18,522 14,641 3,881 90 100 51 92 73 19 1969 15,563 13,694 1,869 2,122 15 2,107 215 199 16 17,470 13,510 3,960 88 100 47 86 67 20 1970 16,136 14,340 1,796 2,049 2 2,047 172 114 58 18,013 14,228 3,785 89 100 46 88 69 18 1971 18,559 16,635 1,924 2,545 3 2,542 114 99 15 20,990 16,539 4,451 88 100 43 101 80 21 1972 20,354 18,324 2,030 3,162 6 3,156 247 221 26 23,269 18,109 5,160 86 100 39 111 86 25 1973 20,112 18,305 1,807 2,536 9 2,527 451 411 40 22,197 17,903 4,294 89 100 41 105 84 20 1974 17,279 15,878 1,401 1,648 4 1,644 610 542 68 18,317 15,340 2,977 91 100 45 86 72 14 1975 17,102 16,050 1,052 1,925 7 1,918 859 791 68 18,168 15,266 2,902 89 100 34 84 71 13 1976 19,523 18,440 1,083 2,368 12 2,356 795 716 79 21,096 17,736 3,360 89 100 30 97 81 15 1977 20,563 19,376 1,187 2,272 18 2,254 357 287 70 22,478 19,107 3,371 90 100 33 102 87 15 1978 21,149 19,964 1,185 2,555 63 2,492 329 298 31 23,375 19,729 3,646 89 100 32 105 89 16 1979 20,803 19,653 1,150 2,097 27 2,070 431 402 29 22,469 19,278 3,191 91 100 35 100 86 14 1980 17,371 16,333 1,038 1,235 37 1,198 413 373 40 18,193 15,997 2,196 93 100 45 80 70 10 1981 17,728 16,752 976 1,512 30 1,482 733 686 47 18,507 16,096 2,411 92 100 39 80 70 10 1982 17,231 15,846 1,385 1,878 9 1,869 493 452 41 18,616 15,403 3,213 90 100 42 80 66 14 1983 20,960 19,480 1,480 2,747 18 2,729 615 574 41 23,092 18,924 4,168 88 100 35 99 81 18 1984 21,431 19,926 1,505 2,527 48 2,480 408 371 37 23,550 19,603 3,948 89 100 37 100 83 17 1985 21,511 20,169 1,342 3,112 54 3,058 365 321 44 24,259 19,903 4,356 87 100 30 102 83 18 1986 23,508 22,118 1,390 3,234 63 3,171 676 614 61 26,067 21,567 4,500 88 100 30 108 90 19 1987 24,423 22,899 1,524 3,932 129 3,803 855 796 60 27,500 22,232 5,268 86 99 28 113 92 22 1988 24,151 22,599 1,552 3,358 96 3,262 1108 1004 104 26,401 21,691 4,711 87 100 31 108 89 19 1989 22,926 21,385 1,541 1,983 49 1,935 1562 1442 119 23,348 19,991 3,356 92 100 42 94 81 14 1990 22,456 20,919 1,537 1,687 38 1,649 1766 1613 153 22,377 19,344 3,033 92 100 46 90 77 12 1991 20,148 18,652 1,496 1,457 28 1,429 1553 1322 231 20,052 17,358 2,695 93 100 47 79 69 11 1992 20,755 19,332 1,423 1,776 47 1,729 1760 1442 318 20,771 17,937 2,834 91 100 39 81 70 11 1993 20,826 19,315 1,511 1,786 41 1,745 1677 1409 268 20,935 17,946 2,989 91 100 42 81 70 12 1994 21,439 19,638 1,801 1,693 47 1,646 1455 1211 244 21,677 18,474 3,203 92 100 49 83 71 12 1995 21,209 19,367 1,842 1,951 60 1,892 1517 1267 250 21,643 18,160 3,483 91 100 46 82 69 13 1996 20,965 19,181 1,784 1,780 85 1,695 1499 1248 251 21,246 18,018 3,228 92 100 47 80 68 12 1997 19,835 17,963 1,872 2,111 104 2,007 1802 1548 254 20,143 16,519 3,625 90 99 45 75 62 14 1998 19,738 17,776 1,962 2,429 179 2,250 970 764 206 21,198 17,191 4,007 89 99 44 78 64 15 1999 19,832 17,816 2,016 2,989 469 2,519 833 595 238 21,988 17,690 4,297 86 97 41 80 65 16 2000 19,741 17,475 2,266 2,902 408 2,494 916 735 181 21,727 17,148 4,579 91 98 50 77 61 16 2001 17,225 15,121 2,104 3,220 665 2,555 676 514 162 19,768 15,272 4,496 87 99 47 69 54 16 2002 17,296 15,200 2,096 4,115 907 3,208 619 439 180 20,792 15,668 5,124 83 97 41 72 55 18 2003 16,753 14,706 2,047 4,489 1,306 3,183 640 410 230 20,603 15,602 5,001 81 94 41 71 54 17 2004 16,687 14,665 2,022 6,629 2,023 4,606 783 492 291 22,532 16,196 6,336 74 91 32 77 55 22 2005 16,327 14,330 1,997 6,964 2,421 4,543 686 411 275 22,604 16,340 6,264 72 88 32 76 55 21 2006 15,238 13,428 1,810 6,926 1,848 5,078 635 424 211 21,529 14,852 6,677 71 90 27 72 50 22 aSource: Howard 2007, table 37. 
15

Criterion 6 Indicator 28 Table 9. Production, imports, exports, and consumption of structural panel products, by type, 1980–2006 (million square feet, 3/8-in. basis) Production Imports Exports Percentage of consumption from production for domestic use Consumption Per capita consumption (ft2) Year Total (×106 ft2) Softwood plywood (×106 ft2) OSB and waferboard (×106 ft2) Total (×106 ft2) Softwood plywood (×106 ft2) OSB and waferboard (×106 ft2) Total (×106 ft2) Softwood plywood (×106 ft2) OSB and waferboard (×106 ft2) Total (%) Softwood plywood (%) OSB and waferboard Total (×106 ft2) Softwood plywood (×106 ft2) OSB and waferboard (×106 ft2) Total (ft2) Softwood plywood (ft2) OSB and waferboard (ft2) 1980 16,468 16,333 135 360 37 323 373 373 d 98 100 — 16,455 15,997 458 72 70 2 

1981 17,023 16,752 271 349 30 319 686 686 d 98 100 — 16,686 16,096 590 73 70 3 

1982 16,403 15,846 557 268 9 259 452 452 d 98 100 — 16,219 15,403 816 70 66 4 1983 20,821 19,480 1,341 423 18 405 574 574 d 98 100 — 20,670 18,924 1,746 88 81 7 1984 21,968 19,926 2,042 727 48 679 371 371 d 97 100 — 22,324 19,603 2,721 94 83 12 1985 22,838 20,169 2,669 848 54 794 321 321 d 96 100 — 23,366 19,903 3,463 98 83 15 1986 25,631 22,118 3,513 723 63 660 614 614 d 97 100 — 25,740 21,567 4,173 107 90 17 1987 26,975 22,899 4,076 889 129 760 796 796 d 97 99 — 27,068 22,232 4,836 111 92 20 1988 27,203 22,599 4,604 911 96 815 1,004 1,004 d 97 100 — 27,110 21,691 5,419 111 89 22 1989 26,490 21,385 5,105 1,160 49 1,111 1,442 1,442 d 96 100 — 26,207 19,991 6,216 106 81 25 1990 26,337 20,919 5,418 1,351 38 1,313 1,613 1,613 d 95 100 — 26,075 19,344 6,731 104 77 27 1991 24,265 18,652 5,613 1,016 28 988 1,379 1,322 57 96 100 85 23,901 17,358 6,544 95 69 26 1992 25,985 19,332 6,653 1,619 47 1,572 1,491 1,442 49 94 100 81 26,113 17,937 8,176 102 70 32 1993 26,317 19,315 7,002 2,203 41 2,163 1,470 1,409 60 92 100 76 27,051 17,946 9,105 105 70 35 1994 27,124 19,638 7,486 2,635 47 2,588 1,289 1,211 78 91 100 74 28,469 18,474 9,995 109 71 38 1995 27,270 19,367 7,903 3,274 60 3,214 1,348 1,267 82 89 100 71 29,196 18,160 11,036 111 69 42 1996 28,495 19,181 9,314 4,500 85 4,414 1,405 1,248 157 86 100 67 31,590 18,018 13,572 119 68 51 1997 28,497 17,963 10,534 5,376 104 5,272 1,715 1,548 167 83 99 66 32,158 16,519 15,639 120 62 58 1998 29,003 17,776 11,227 6,671 179 6,492 864 764 100 81 99 63 34,810 17,191 17,619 129 64 65 1999 29,428 17,816 11,612 7,820 469 7,351 774 595 179 79 97 61 36,474 17,690 18,783 134 65 69 2000 29,381 17,475 11,906 8,030 408 7,622 914 735 179 81 98 62 36,498 17,148 19,350 129 61 69 2001 27,653 15,121 12,532 8,755 665 8,090 681 514 167 77 99 61 35,727 15,272 20,455 125 54 72 2002 28,626 15,200 13,426 9,368 907 8,461 634 439 195 77 97 62 37,360 15,668 21,692 130 55 75 2003 28,321 14,706 13,615 10,386 1,306 9,080 567 410 157 74 94 60 38,140 15,602 22,538 131 54 77 2004 28,936 14,665 14,271 11,870 2,023 9,847 685 492 193 72 91 60 40,120 16,196 23,924 137 55 81 2005 29,315 14,330 14,985 12,965 2,421 10,544 580 411 169 70 88 59 41,700 16,340 25,360 141 55 85 2006 28,388 13,428 14,960 11,974 1,848 10,126 602 424 178 71 90 60 39,760 14,852 24,908 133 50 83 

dSource: Howard 2007, table 38, Table 6 (population). 
16

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 10. Paper shipments, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2006 

Year 

Shipments 

(thousand tons) 

Imports

(thousand tons) 

Exports

(thousand tons)

Percentage of 

consumption from 

production for 

domestic use 

Consumption

(thousand tons) 

Per capita 

consumption

(lbs)

1965 19,157 6,528 491 74 25,194 259 

1966 20,725 7,128 530 74 27,323 278 

1967 20,926 6,805 501 75 27,230 274 

1968 22,181 6,625 529 77 28,277 282 

1969 23,449 7,040 517 77 29,972 296 

1970 23,351 6,835 534 77 29,652 289 

1971 23,722 6,915 550 77 30,087 290 

1972 25,359 7,237 559 77 32,037 305 

1973 26,797 7,832 601 77 34,028 321 

1974 26,863 8,094 909 76 34,049 318 

1975 23,260 5,953 947 79 28,266 262 

1976 26,577 6,866 928 79 32,515 298 

1977 27,722 7,162 716 79 34,168 310 

1978 28,320 8,211 543 77 35,988 323 

1979 29,666 8,380 601 78 37,445 333 

1980 30,116 7,915 907 79 37,124 326 

1981 30,901 7,649 1,008 80 37,542 326 

1982 30,245 7,206 840 80 36,611 315 

1983 32,802 8,189 774 80 40,217 343 

1984 34,446 9,905 811 77 43,540 369 

1985 34,061 10,260 779 76 43,542 365 

1986 35,550 10,641 884 77 45,307 376 

1987 36,919 11,494 921 76 47,492 391 

1988 38,353 11,843 1,102 76 49,094 401 

1989 38,266 11,494 1,466 76 48,295 391 

1990 39,361 11,569 1,519 77 49,411 395 

1991 39,084 10,313 2,072 78 47,325 375 

1992 40,973 10,786 2,635 78 49,124 385 

1993 41,745 11,905 2,587 77 51,063 396 

1994 43,356 12,384 2,980 77 52,760 405 

1995 42,868 12,874 3,011 76 52,731 401 

1996 42,481 11,694 3,500 77 50,676 382 

1997 44,697 13,028 3,599 76 54,127 404 

1998 44,777 12,872 3,288 76 54,361 402 

1999 45,552 14,946 3,405 74 57,093 418 

2000 45,519 15,373 3,767 80 57,125 405 

2001 42,104 14,502 3,389 79 53,217 374 

2002 41,510 14,502 3,111 79 52,901 368 

2003 40,367 16,224 3,107 76 53,484 367 

2004 41,814 16,938 3,464 76 55,288 376 

2005 41,321 15,995 3,739 77 53,578 361 

2006 41,380 15,648 3,690 78 53,338 356 a

Source: Howard 2007, table 44.
17

Criterion 6 Indicator 28

Table 11. Paperboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2006 

Year 

Production

(thousand tons) 

Imports

(thousand tons) 

Exports

(thousand tons)

Percentage of 

consumption from 

production for 

domestic use 

Consumption

(thousand tons) 

Per capita 

consumption

(lbs)

1965 21,332 8 1,039 100 20,301 209 

1966 23,179 50 1,166 100 22,063 224 

1967 22,819 13 1,334 100 21,498 216 

1968 24,904 18 1,596 100 23,326 232 

1969 26,376 11 1,860 100 24,527 242 

1970 25,368 10 1,899 100 23,479 229 

1971 26,019 17 2,115 100 23,921 230 

1972 28,483 8 2,231 100 26,260 250 

1973 29,549 33 2,015 100 27,567 260 

1974 28,894 34 2,149 100 26,779 250 

1975 24,736 8 1,453 100 23,291 216 

1976 28,416 13 1,709 100 26,720 245 

1977 28,935 28 1,830 100 27,133 246 

1978 30,251 100 2,040 100 28,311 254 

1979 31,404 82 2,263 100 29,223 260 

1980 30,926 98 3,334 100 27,690 243 

1981 31,208 130 2,622 100 28,716 250 

1982 29,045 115 2,654 100 26,506 228 

1983 32,146 168 3,012 99 29,302 250 

1984 34,002 243 2,731 99 31,514 267 

1985 32,922 184 2,511 99 30,595 257 

1986 35,355 281 3,088 99 32,548 270 

1987 37,442 361 3,190 99 34,613 285 

1988 38,234 341 3,137 99 35,438 289 

1989 38,519 533 3,247 99 35,805 290 

1990 39,318 626 3,644 98 36,300 291 

1991 40,343 773 4,363 98 36,753 291 

1992 41,895 944 4,386 98 38,453 301 

1993 43,113 1,085 4,248 97 39,950 310 

1994 45,724 1,267 4,556 97 42,435 326 

1995 46,641 1,418 4,610 97 43,449 330 

1996 47,900 1,329 5,618 97 43,611 329 

1997 50,332 1,497 6,769 97 45,060 336 

1998 49,749 1,666 5,815 96 45,600 337 

1999 51,059 1,971 6,072 96 46,958 344 

2000 48,972 1,983 4,934 94 46,021 326 

2001 46,809 1,948 4,670 94 44,087 310 

2002 48,126 2,065 5,865 92 44,326 308 

2003 48,018 1,884 3,131 97 46,771 321 

2004 50,085 2,098 3,278 98 48,905 333 

2005 49,710 1,963 3,387 97 48,287 326 

2006 50,420 2,076 2,886 98 49,611 332 a

Source: Howard 2007, table 45. 
18

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Table 12. Wood energy consumption per capita by end use and in roundwood 

equivalent, 1949–2006 

Year 

Residential

(million Btu) 

Commercial 

(million Btu) 

Industrial 

(million Btu) 

Electric power 

(million Btu) 

Total

(million 

Btu)

Total in 

roundwood 

equivalent 

(ft3

)

1949 7.2 0.1 3.2 0.0 10.5 42 

1950 6.7 0.1 3.6 0.0 10.4 42 

1951 6.3 0.1 3.6 0.0 10.1 40 

1952 5.8 0.1 3.6 0.0 9.5 38 

1953 5.3 0.1 3.6 0.0 9.0 36 

1954 5.0 0.1 3.6 0.0 8.7 35 

1955 4.8 0.1 3.9 0.0 8.7 35 

1956 4.5 0.1 4.0 0.0 8.5 34 

1957 4.2 0.1 3.6 0.0 7.9 32 

1958 4.0 0.1 3.6 0.0 7.7 31 

1959 3.7 0.1 4.0 0.0 7.7 31 

1960 3.5 0.1 3.8 0.0 7.4 30 

1961 3.2 0.1 3.9 0.0 7.2 29 

1962 3.1 0.1 4.0 0.0 7.1 28 

1963 2.9 0.1 4.2 0.0 7.1 28 

1964 2.6 0.1 4.4 0.0 7.1 28 

1965 2.4 0.0 4.5 0.0 7.0 28 

1966 2.3 0.0 4.6 0.0 7.0 28 

1967 2.2 0.0 4.6 0.0 6.8 27 

1968 2.1 0.0 4.9 0.0 7.1 29 

1969 2.1 0.0 5.1 0.0 7.2 29 

1970 2.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 28 

1971 1.9 0.0 5.1 0.0 7.0 28 

1972 1.8 0.0 5.4 0.0 7.2 29 

1973 1.7 0.0 5.5 0.0 7.3 29 

1974 1.8 0.0 5.5 0.0 7.3 29 

1975 2.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 7.0 28 

1976 2.2 0.0 5.6 0.0 7.9 32 

1977 2.5 0.0 5.9 0.0 8.4 34 

1978 2.8 0.1 6.4 0.0 9.2 37 

1979 3.3 0.1 6.3 0.0 9.7 39 

1980 3.8 0.1 7.1 0.0 11.0 44 

1981 3.8 0.1 7.0 0.0 11.0 44 

1982 4.1 0.1 6.6 0.0 10.8 43 

1983 4.0 0.1 7.3 0.0 11.4 45 

1984 3.9 0.1 7.2 0.0 11.2 45 

1985 3.8 0.1 7.0 0.0 10.9 44 

1986 3.7 0.1 6.8 0.0 10.6 42 

1987 3.5 0.1 6.5 0.0 10.2 41 

1988 3.6 0.1 6.7 0.0 10.5 42 

1989 3.7 0.1 5.7 1.2 10.8 43 

1990 2.3 0.1 5.1 1.3 8.8 35 

1991 2.5 0.2 4.8 1.4 8.8 35 

1992 2.6 0.2 4.9 1.5 9.1 36 

1993 2.1 0.2 4.9 1.5 8.7 35 

1994 2.1 0.2 5.2 1.5 9.0 36 

1995 2.3 0.2 5.4 1.4 9.3 37 

1996 2.3 0.2 5.5 1.4 9.4 37 

1997 1.6 0.2 5.7 1.3 8.8 35 

1998 1.5 0.2 5.9 1.2 8.7 35 

1999 1.5 0.2 6.4 1.4 9.5 38 

2000 1.6 0.2 6.3 1.5 9.5 38 

2001 1.3 0.3 5.1 1.2 7.8 31 

2002 1.3 0.2 4.9 1.3 7.8 31 

2003 1.4 0.2 4.7 1.4 7.7 31 

2004 1.4 0.2 5.0 1.3 8.0 32 

2005 1.4 0.2 4.9 1.4 7.9 32 

2006 1.3 0.2 5.1 1.4 8.0 32 
19

Table 13. Wood and paper product 

consumption per capita (pounds per capita), 

1970–2006 

Year 

Wood

products

consumption

Recovered 

paper

consumption

Total wood 

products and 

recovered 

paper

consumption

1970 1,181 115 1,296 

1971 1,246 117 1,362 

1972 1,299 123 1,423 

1973 1,316 133 1,449 

1974 1,197 131 1,327 

1975 1,051 109 1,160 

1976 1,186 125 1,311 

1977 1,262 128 1,390 

1978 1,299 133 1,431 

1979 1,275 136 1,411 

1980 1,144 131 1,275 

1981 1,094 131 1,225 

1982 1,065 124 1,189 

1983 1,208 133 1,341 

1984 1,304 142 1,446 

1985 1,274 137 1,411 

1986 1,330 149 1,479 

1987 1,387 154 1,541 

1988 1,363 161 1,524 

1989 1,351 164 1,514 

1990 1,307 174 1,481 

1991 1,211 187 1,398 

1992 1,234 205 1,439 

1993 1,261 217 1,478 

1994 1,274 235 1,509 

1995 1,252 239 1,490 

1996 1,231 256 1,487 

1997 1,253 263 1,516 

1998 1,271 265 1,535 

1999 1,287 269 1,556 

2000 1,249 251 1,500 

2001 1,185 242 1,427 

2002 1,189 241 1,430 

2003 1,197 231 1,429 

2004 1,260 236 1,497 

2005 1,259 229 1,488 

2006 1,206 230 1,436 

Source: Howard 2007, tables 8 and 46. 

Criterion 6 Indicator 28
20

Research Note FPL–RN–0317

Figure 5. Estimated wood and paper products consumption 

by RPA region assuming uniform per capita consumption, 

in roundwood equivalent, 2006. 

Source: Table 4

Figure 1. Wood production (harvest including fuelwood) 

and wood and paper product consumption (including fuelwood) in roundwood equivalents in the United States, 

1965–2006.

Source: Table 3

Figure 2. Per capita wood production (harvest including fuelwood) and wood & paper product consumption (including 

fuelwood) in roundwood equivalent, 1965–2006.

Sources: Tables 3, 6, 10, and 11

0

5

10

15

20

25

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion cubic feet

U.S. Wood harvest

Wood and paper product consumption 

(roundwood equivalent)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Cubic feet per capita

U.S. Wood harvest

Wood and paper product consumption 

(roundwood equivalent)

0

5

10

15

20

25

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Billion cubic feet

Softwood industrial roundwood

Hardwood industrial roundwood

Fuelwood

Figure 3. U.S. wood and paper product consumption – subdivided into softwood, hardwood, and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, 1965–2006 (each line is added to the line 

below).

Sources: Tables 1 and 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Cubic feet per capita

Softwood industrial roundwood

Hardwood industrial roundwood

Fuelwood

Figure 4. Per capita U.S. Wood and paper product consumption, subdivided into softwood, hardwood and fuelwood, in 

roundwood equivalents, 1965-2006 (each line is added to 

the line below).

Sources: Tables 6 and 7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

North South Pacific

Coast

Rocky

Mountains

Billion cubic feet