U.S. Timber Production, 

Trade, Consumption, 

and Price Statistics 

1965–1999

James L. Howard 

United States

Department of 

Agriculture 

Forest Service 

Forest 

Products 

Laboratory 

Research 

Paper 

FPL−RP−595 
Abstract 

This report is part of an annual series that presents current 

and historical information on the production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States. 

The report focuses on national statistics, but includes some 

data for individual States and regions and for Canada. The 

data were collected from industry trade associations and 

government agencies. They are intended for use by forest 

land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry 

schools, renewable resource organizations, libraries, organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A 

major use of the data presented here is tracking technological change over time. One of the major technology shifts 

occurring in the wood-using industry is the substitution of 

oriented strandboard (OSB) for plywood in the structural 

panel sector, as well as a shift in plywood production from 

the west to the south United States. Some data show these 

shifts. United States production of structural panels totaled 

29.4 billion ft2 in 1999. Production of OSB increased from 

less than 3 billion ft2 in 1985 to 11.6 billion ft2 in 1999. 

Plywood production was 20.1 billion ft2 in 1985 before 

falling to 17.8 billion ft2 in 1999. The decline in plywood 

production reflects the continued increase in the OSB share 

of the traditional plywood market 

Keywords: production, consumption, import, export 

April 2001 

Howard, James. L. 2001. U.S. timber production, trade consumption, and 

price statistics 1965 to 1999. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-595. Madison, WI: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 

90 p. 

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the 

public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 

Madison, WI 53705–2398. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds 

of libraries in the United States and elsewhere. 

The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the 

University of Wisconsin. 

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national 

origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or 

marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) 

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication 

of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact 

the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a 

complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 

Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is 

an equal opportunity provider and employer. 

Acknowledgments 

This update required assistance from many dedicated individuals in the Timber Demand and Technology Assessment 

Unit at the Forest Products Laboratory. Chris McKeever 

created computer files that will facilitate the production of 

future papers in this series, helped with literature searches, 

conducted many statistical procedures, and updated the 

graphical data. Irene Durbak redesigned Table 11 and provided consultation in the area of foreign trade. David 

McKeever improved the development of lumber data and 

provided the information on lumber production. Denise 

Ingram developed the section on criteria and indicators and 

their relationship to wood production. Mary Reuter developed the layout, style, and graphics.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, 

Consumption, and Price Statistics 

1965 to 1999 

James L. Howard, Economist 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 
ii 

Preface 

This report includes data for 1965 through 1999. Data for the years prior to 1965 can be found in earlier reports in the series. 

Since the last publication of this series in 1999 (data compiled through 1997), many agencies have discontinued the collection 

of various data. This change is indicated on the tables, where applicable. Some data were derived from mathematical calculations, and some show conversions from different units of measurement. A few tables are presented in both inch-pound and 

metric units of measurement. Throughout the tables and text, billion denotes 109

. The references cited in the text and in the 

tables are listed separately. Text references are listed in Literature Cited. The sources for data in the tables are listed in an annotated bibliography, which is cross-referenced to the tables. This report is available on the Internet through the Forest Products 

Laboratory home page (http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/). Tables of conversion factors and a map of Forest Service Administrative 

regions follow. 

Factors for converting standard units to short tonsa 

Product Standard unit 

Weight of 

wood per 

standard 

unit 

(short tons) 

Roundwood products 

Softwood 1,000 cubic feet 15.500 

Hardwood 1,000 cubic feet 20.000 

Softwood cord (80 cubic feet) 1.400 

Hardwood cord (80 cubic feet) 1.600 

Lumber 

Softwood 1,000 board feet 0.974 

Hardwood 1,000 board feet 1.680 

LVLb cubic foot 17.5 

Structural panels 

Softwood plywood 1,000 square feet, 3/8- in. basis 0.544 

Waferboard and OSBc

 1,000 square feet, 3/8- in. basis 0.866 

Nonstructural panels 

MDFd square foot 1.406 

Hardboard 1,000 square feet, 1/8- in. basis 0.380 

Insulation board 1,000 square feet, 1/2- in. basis 0.367 

Particleboard 1,000 square feet, 3/4- in. basis 0.578 

Hardwood plywood 1,000 square feet, 3/8- in. basis 0.657 

Hardwood plywood 1,000 square feet, surface 

measure 

2.0 

Pulp, paper, and board thousand tons 1 

Other industrial products thousand cubic feet 16.5 

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (15,42). 

b

Laminated veneer lumber.

c

Oriented strandboard. 

d

Medium density fiberboard. 

Factors for converting inch–pound units of 

measurement to metric units

Inch–pound unit 

Conversion 

factor SI unit 

square foot 0.0929 square meter 

cubic foot 0.028317 cubic meter 

cubic foot 0.0175 short ton 

board foot (hardwood lumber) 0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (softwood lumber) 0.00170 cubic meter 

board foot (lumber export 

 and imports) 

0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (logs) 0.00453 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (1/8-in. panels) 0.295 cubic meters 

1,000 square feet (1/4-in. panels) 0.590 cubic meters 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels) 0.885 cubic meters 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels 2.036 surface measure 

1,000 square feet (1/2-in. panels) 1.180 cubic meters 

1,000 square feet (3/4-in. panels) 1.770 cubic meters 

cord (80 ft3

) 2.27 cubic meter 

ton (short ton) 0.907 metric ton 

pound 0.453592 kilogram 

inch 25.4 millimeter 

cord 2.2 green ton 
iii 
iv 

Research Highlights 

Economic activity in most of the major timber product markets increased in 1999. New housing construction, which accounts 

for more than a third of the United States softwood lumber and structural panels consumed and for substantial volumes of other 

softwood and hardwood products, grew considerably stronger in 1998 and maintained strength in 1999. The consumption of 

oriented strandboard (OSB) exceeded plywood consumption for the first time during 1998 and remained above plywood consumption during 1999. The total industrial production index, an important demand determinant for pallet lumber, containerboard, and some grades of paper, grew 3.5% in 1999; private nonresidential construction expenditures registered a slight decline. 

The United States housing market remained strong during 1999 but some sectors did weaken. Sales of both new and previously 

occupied homes surged to record levels. More than 2 million new housing units were produced, and close to $143 billion was 

spent to maintain and improve the existing housing stock. The single-family housing market was particularly strong, and the 

U.S. homeownership rate climbed to a new record high. Sales of conventionally built homes (excluding mobile homes) rose by 

11.3% to a record 5.2 million units during 1998. That record was broken in 1999 with the sale of 6.1 million units; of these, 

5.197 million were previously occupied homes and 909 thousand were new units. In addition, nearly 400 thousand custom 

homes were built on lots already owned by occupants; many of these were second or vacation homes. 

Several other indicators of demand for wood products increased in 1999 relative to 1998. Furniture and fixtures output, a determinant for the use of pallet lumber, containerboard, and some grades of paper, rose 3.4%. Paper products output, which 

influences pulpwood use, advanced by 1.0%. Total industrial production increased by 3.5%, but production of utilities declined 

by 2.8%. Softwood lumber production rose by 5.4%. These trends, despite the decline in economic growth during the second 

quarter, helped the lumber industry exceed 1998 production levels. 

Consumption of wood and paper products in the United States required roundwood for the production of products for U.S. 

consumption and for the production of imported products. The consumption of roundwood to meet the needs of U.S. consumers 

(including fuelwood) increased 1.4% per year between 1965 and 1995, from 13.2 to 20.0 billion cubic feet. Roundwood consumption declined to 19.1 billion cubic feet in 1997 and then increased to 20.0 billion cubic feet in 1999. Production of wood 

products, paper products, and fuelwood required an increase in roundwood harvest from U.S. forests of 1.4% per year from 

1965 to 1994, from 12.2 to 18.4 billion cubic feet. In contrast to the increase in roundwood needed for product consumption, 

there was a decline in the roundwood harvested for U.S. production in 1999, from 18.4 to 17.6 billion cubic feet. 

Despite record demand from the housing sector, which drove high demand in the lumber industry during 1999, U.S. National 

Forest sawlog stumpage prices continued to decline in current dollars for Douglas Fir and Southern Pine, before recovering 

modestly in 1999. Increasing Canadian lumber imports, as well mill closures in the western United States, contributed to the 

slump in softwood prices. 

During 1999, apparent consumption of most timber products increased over 1998 levels. Although production of softwood 

lumber from the California redwood region decreased by 3.8%, total softwood lumber production increased by 5.4% in 1999. 

Because of growth in major markets, hardwood lumber production increased by 2.8%. The combined roundwood and forest 

chip production for pulp and OSB mills declined by 4.0%. Softwood plywood production reversed its trend, increasing slightly 

in 1999. Shipments of particleboard and medium density fiberboard rose 6.1% and 2.7%, respectively, in 1999. 

The composite price for framing lumber increased steadily during 1996 before leveling during 1997, then falling during the last

half of 1998. In 1999, the lumber composite price remained below 1998 low levels. The structural panel composite price index 

duplicated the trend for the framing lumber composite price for 1998 and 1999. 

The long-term outlook is one of continued growth in demand for most timber products. Timber volumes supplied by National 

Forests have fallen sharply in recent years. The National Forest harvest, valued at about $600 million, was 3.3 billion board feet 

in 1999, just 3% of the total U.S. timber harvest; this represents a 75% decrease from the peak harvest in 1987. Because sustainable forest management has become the top priority of the Forest Service, it is unlikely that National Forest System harvest 

will increase significantly in the foreseeable future.
v 

Contents 

Page 

General Economic Trends ............................................................................................................................................................. 1

Timber ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Lumber........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Pulpwood for Pulp Mills................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Plywood and Veneer...................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Particleboard, Hardboard, and Insulation Board ......................................................................................................................... 12

Miscellaneous Timber Products................................................................................................................................................... 12

Sustainable Forest Management Criteria and Indicators ............................................................................................................. 13

Literature Cited............................................................................................................................................................................ 16

Tables 

General Economic Trends 

 1 Measures of economic growth, population, and prices, 1965–1999 .....................................................................................17 

 2 Number of households and housing market indicators, 1965–1999......................................................................................18 

 3 Average hourly earnings in timber-based industries and all manufacturing in the United States, 1972–1999 .....................19 

 4 Average employment in lumber producing and lumber dependent industries in the United States, 

in thousand people, 1972–1999.............................................................................................................................................20 

 Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices 

All Products—Tables 5–7 in roundwood equivalents 

5a Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 [cubic feet] .................21 

5b Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 [cubic meters].............22 

6a Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–1999 [cubic feet]..........................................................................................................................................................23 

6b Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–1999 [cubic meters]. ....................................................................................................................................................24 

7a Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–1999 [cubic feet]..........................................................................................................................................................25 

7b Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 

1965–1999 [cubic meters]. ....................................................................................................................................................26 

8a Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products in tons, by major product, 

1965–1999 [short tons]..........................................................................................................................................................27 

8b Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products in tons, by major product, 

1965–1999 [metric tons]........................................................................................................................................................28 

 9 U.S. annual industrial wood product production by product weight, 1965–1999.................................................................29 

10 Industrial wood productivity, 1965–1999 .............................................................................................................................30 

11a Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 [cubic feet, board feet, cords]..........................31 

11b Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 [cubic meters] .................................................32 

12 Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, 

manufacturing, and shipping1965–1999 ...............................................................................................................................33 

13 Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products, by product, 1999 .................................................................35 

14 Value of imports and exports of all commodities and timber products, 1965–1999.............................................................36 

15 Foreign exchange rates by selected country and year, 1975–1999........................................................................................37 
vi 

 Page 

 Logs 

16 Log imports by major species, 1965–1999............................................................................................................................38 

17 Log imports by major region of origin, 1965–1999 ..............................................................................................................39 

18 Log exports by major species, 1965–1999 ............................................................................................................................40 

19 Log exports by major region of destination, 1965–1999.......................................................................................................41 

20 Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from National Forests, by selected species, 1965–1999................................42 

21 Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 1999 ....................43 

22 Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from private lands in Louisiana, by selected species, 1965–1999.................46 

23 Veneer log production, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–1999 ......................................................................................47 

24 Pulpwood consumption, production, imports, exports, and equivalent wood volume of imports and exports 

of paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–1999.........................................................................................................................48 

25 Pulpwood production, from softwoods and hardwoods, by regions, 1965–1999 ................................................................49 

26 Pulpwood stumpage prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–1999...........................................................50 

27 Pulpwood prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–1999 ..........................................................................51 

Lumber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices 

28 Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–1999 ..................................52 

29 Lumber production from softwoods and hardwood by region, 1965–1999 ..........................................................................53 

30 Lumber production in the United States, 1965–1999............................................................................................................54 

31 United States lumber imports, by softwoods, hardwoods, and country of origin, 1965–1999..............................................55 

32 United States lumber exports, by softwoods, hardwoods and destination, 1965–1999 ........................................................56 

33 Lumber production in Canada, from softwoods and hardwoods by region, 1965–1999.......................................................57 

34 Lumber and competing engineered wood products, by type of product, 1970–1999 ...........................................................58 

35 Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–1999...............................................59 

36 Relative producer price indexes for lumber, 1800–1999.......................................................................................................62 

Plywood and Veneer Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices 

37 Plywood production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–1999.................................63 

38 Production, imports, exports, and consumption of structural panel products, by type, 1980–1999......................................64 

39 Hardwood plywood imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–1999.............................................................................65 

40 Veneer imports and exports, by species, 1965–1999 ............................................................................................................66 

41 Hardwood veneer imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–1999................................................................................67 

42 Producer price indexes for plywood, 1965–1999..................................................................................................................68 

Pulpwood Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices 

43 Paper and board production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999......................................................................69 

44 Paper shipments, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999........................................................................................70 

45 Paperboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 .............................................................................71 

46 Paper and board production and fibrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1965–1999 .............72 

47 Paper and board new supply and recyclable paper consumption, exports, imports, and total recovered, 1965–1999..........73 

48 Recovered paper consumption, in paper and paperboard manufacture, by major grade, 1970–1999...................................74 

49 Wood pulp production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999.............................................................................75 

50 Pulpwood consumed in manufacture of wood pulp, 1965–1999 .........................................................................................76 

51 Producer price indexes for paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–1999 ..................................................................................77 

52 Producer price indexes for wastepaper, by grade, 1965–1999 .............................................................................................78 

Particleboard, Hardboard, and Insulating Board Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices 

53 Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 .......................79 

54 Insulating board production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 (1/2-in. basis) ..............................................80 

55 Insulating board production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 (thousand tons)............................................81 

56 Hardboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 .............................................................................82 

57 Producer price indexes for hardboard and particleboard, 1965–1999...................................................................................83 

58 Production of treated wood production by type of treatment, treatment plant, and product, 1984–1999 .............................84 

59 Production of forest chemical products, 1965–1999 ............................................................................................................85 

Annotated Bibliography................................................................................................................................................................86 
Timber product 

markets are 

strong but may 

weaken in the 

future 

U.S. Timber Production, Trade, 

Consumption, and Price Statistics 

1965 to 1999 

James L. Howard, Economist 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin

General Economic Trends 

The United States economy performed well in 1998 and continued 

strong in 1999. Economic activity, 

as measured by the gross domestic 

product (GDP), rose at an annual 

rate of 4.2% in 1999 to $8,848.2 

billion (1996 dollars), an increase 

from $8,495.7 billion (1996 dollars) in 1998. Economic 

activity as measured by the GDP continued to increase 

strongly in the first quarter of 2000, increasing by 4.8%, 

and grew 5.3% in the second quarter. 

The current economic expansion, now in its tenth year, 

continues to be fundamentally strong. Real output increased 

4.2% during 1999, continuing the energetic pace of this 

expansion. The economy stayed strong despite the dip in 

growth during the second quarter. The slowdown in real 

GDP growth was mainly accounted for by a deceleration in 

personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and by a downturn in government spending. Personal consumption expenditures increased 4.6% during the third quarter of 1999, 

down from 5.1% during the second quarter. Prices paid by 

U.S. residents for goods and services, the price index for 

gross domestic purchases, increased 1.9% in the second 

quarter and 1.7% in the third quarter. This increase was 

driven by sharply higher energy prices. Reflecting the stepup in prices, the personal saving rate fell from 2.1% to 1.9% 

during the third quarter. 

New housing construction, which accounts for more than a 

third of U.S. annual consumption of softwood lumber and 

structural panels and for substantial volumes of other softwood and hardwood products, remained high through 1999 

(Tables 1 and 2, Fig. 1). Starts of single-family units led the 

increase as multi-family housing starts declined by 4%, the 

first decline since 1993. Housing starts for 1999 totaled 

1,663,000 units; sales of new single-family houses set a new 

record of 907,000 units. The home ownership rate reached 

67.2%, another record high. Builders’ expectations for 

housing starts in 2000 remained strong as mortgage rates for 

the first 6 months of 1999 declined slightly, compared to the 

same period in 1998. New housing, repair, and remodeling 

continue to drive wood product demand. For the first 

6 months of 2000, starts were down compared with those of 

1999. Sales of new homes declined throughout the second 

quarter, falling to an annual rate of 829 thousand units in 

June. Sales of new single-family homes were at a seasonally 

adjusted annual rate 4% below the May rate of 861,000. 

After several years of increase, shipments of mobile homes 

decreased in 1999 to 348 thousand units, 26 thousand fewer 

units than were shipped in 1998. Dealer inventories rose 

slightly in 1999, but most mobile homes produced during 

this year became home ownership units for U.S. households. 

In the first 6 months of 2000, mobile home shipments were 

well behind 1999 shipments for this period. The seasonally 

adjusted shipments for 2000 totaled 295,000 units. 

Investment in residential repair and remodeling rose to 

$142.9 billion (current dollars) in 1999, increasing from 

$133.7 billion dollars of a year ago. About two-thirds of the 

improvements were additions and alterations; the balance 

consisted of replacements of major housing components 

such as roofs or heating systems. Actual expenditures for 

improvements and repairs to all properties amounted to an 

estimated $44.4 billion during the fourth quarter of 1999 

Figure 1—Housing starts by type of unit, 1965–1999. 

0

1

2

3

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Housing starts (million units)

Total units One family Multifamily
2 

Industrial 

roundwood 

production 

has risen less 

than 1% 

Lumber 

production 

shows an 

upward trend

compared with $35.4 billion dollars in 1998. Investment for 

new residential construction was stronger than that for nonresidential structures. Spending on new residential housing 

units was $251 billion (1992 dollars) in 1999 as compared 

with $144 billion dollars for nonresidential building construction. 

Industrial production, an important demand determinant for 

pallet lumber, containerboard, and some grades of paper, 

rose 3.5% in 1999 over 1998 levels (Table 1, Fig. 2). Output 

of the furniture and fixtures industry, a major market for 

hardwood lumber, plywood, and veneer, particleboard, and 

hardboard, rose 3.4% in 1999. Further increases are likely 

because of continued growth in the housing sector. 

Timber 

Industrial roundwood production 

increased to 17.6 billion cubic feet 

in 1999, a slight increase from the 

17.4 billion cubic feet produced in 

1998 (Fig. 3). Roundwood harvest 

reached a high in 1989 when 

18.7 billion cubic feet of industrial 

roundwood was produced. Lumber and the engineered products sector are the main contributors to the increased volume 

of roundwood usage. The production of saw logs used in the 

domestic manufacture of lumber rose slightly in 1999 to 

7.6 billion cubic feet. This represented about 40% of total 

industrial roundwood production. Softwood roundwood 

represented about 27% of softwood lumber production and 

hardwood the other 13%. Pulpwood production, which used 

about 30% of industrial roundwood, remained unchanged 

from 1998. Although roundwood pulpwood production 

leveled in the late1990s, during this decade the pulpwood 

share of industrial roundwood production increased by 

1 billion cubic feet compared with 1987 pulpwood production. During that time, roundwood used to produce lumber 

increased slightly. 

Lumber 

An estimated 51.0 billion board feet 

of lumber (softwood plus hardwood) was produced in the United 

States in 1999 (Table 28). This is 

the second largest amount produced 

since 1990, but only approximately 

1.0 billion board feet above the record high production of 

49.9 billion board feet in 1988 (Table 28, Fig 4.). Since 

1965, lumber production has generally taken an upward 

trend, except for periods of economic slowdown such as the 

mid-1970s and early 1980s. In the late 1980s, legislation was 

passed to curtail timber harvesting on federally owned lands 

in the western United States. Many western mills dependent 

on Federal timber were forced to reduce production dramatically or to close. This resulted in an overall decline in lumber production, shifts in production to other regions, and 

increased levels of foreign imports. 

 Figure 2—Economic activity in major industrial timber markets, 1965–1999. 

Paper and products

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production index (1992=100)

Furniture and fixtures

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production index (1992=100)

All industrial production

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production index (1992=100)

Manufacturing

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production index (1992=100) 
3 

Figure 3—Timber products consumption and production, 1965–1999. 

Figure 4—U.S. lumber production by wood type, 1965–1999 

Total

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft3) 

(roundwood equivalent)

Production Consumption

Saw logs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production Consumption

Volume (billion ft3) 

(roundwood equivalent)

Veneer logs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production Consumption

Volume (billion ft3) 

(roundwood equivalent)

All other

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft3) 

(roundwood equivalent)

Pulpwood

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Production Consumption

Volume (billion ft3) 

(roundwood equivalent)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion board feet)

Softwood lumber

Hardwood lumber 

Total, all lumber
4 

Lumber 

imports to 

U.S. reach 

record high

In 1999, softwood lumber production was about 36.7 billion 

board feet (Table 28, Fig. 4), 72% of total production. 

Hardwood lumber production was about 14.3 billion board 

feet. The overall decline in lumber production in the 1990s 

was at the expense of softwood lumber. In 1999, softwood 

lumber production was 3.8% below that of 1988, whereas 

hardwood lumber production was 18% greater than that 

of 1988. 

In 1999, overall lumber production was greatest in the South 

(22.1 billion board feet), followed by the West (18.2 billion 

board feet) and the North (10.2 billion board feet) (Table 29, 

Fig. 5). The West maintained its traditional stronghold on 

softwood lumber production, producing nearly 97% 

(17.0 billion board feet) of total production from softwood 

species. Softwood lumber production in the South was about 

75% of total production, but nearly equal in volume to that 

of the West. The North produced 2.2 billion board feet of 

softwood lumber. 

Until recently, the West had been the largest lumberproducing region in the United States. In 1966, for example, 

more than half (55%) of all lumber produced in the United 

States came from the West. Much of this production came 

from old-growth timber on federally owned lands on the 

Pacific Coast (Washington, Oregon, and California). Over 

the next 25 years, the proportion of lumber coming from the 

West slowly fell to just under half, as a result of declining 

levels of timber from public lands and increasing levels of 

production in the South. Then, in the late 1980s and early 

1990s, large areas of federally owned land in the West were 

legislatively removed from harvest, which exacerbated the 

situation. In 1990, the South became the Nation’s largest 

lumber producing region, accounting for 36% of all softwood lumber and 78% of all hardwoods. Since 1990, softwood lumber production in the South has increased and that 

in the West has decreased. Currently both regions produce 

nearly equal amounts of softwood lumber. 

Total lumber production in the North remained fairly steady 

from 1965 through the early 1990s at about 4.8 billion board 

feet per year, then increased rapidly to 9.2 billion board feet 

(Table 29, Fig. 5). Nearly all of this increase was in hardwood lumber production. 

In 1999, lumber imports to the 

United States from all countries 

totaled 19.9 billion board feet, an 

all-time high (Tables 28 and 31). 

During the same year, exports from 

the United States to all countries 

totaled just 2.5 billion board feet (Tables 28 and 32). The 

difference, 17.4 billion board feet, was net foreign trade and 

represented lumber consumption in the United States in 

excess of that which was produced domestically. Net foreign 

trade represented about one-fourth of total domestic lumber 

consumption in 1999. With few exceptions, lumber imports 

to the United States have grown steadily since 1965. Nearly 

all of this growth has been in softwood lumber imports. In 

1965, softwood lumber imports totaled 4.9 billion board feet. 

By 1999, softwood lumber imports exceeded 19.2 billion 

board feet, an increase of 14.3 billion board feet. In contrast, 

hardwood lumber imports were 0.3 billion board feet in 

1965 and 0.7 billion board feet in 1999. 

Canada has remained the principal source of lumber imports, 

providing 93% of total imports in 1999 (Table 31). This 

percentage has changed little since 1950, ranging from a low 

of 94% in 1973 to more than 98% in 1991 and 1992. In 

1999, nearly 94% of all softwood lumber and 66% of all 

hardwood lumber imports to the United States were from 

Canada. Hardwood imports from Canada as a percentage of 

total hardwood imports fell fairly steadily from 1950 through 

the 1970s. Since then, Canada’s share of the U.S. hardwood 

lumber import market has risen. Overall, the United States 

imported nearly 63% of Canadian lumber production. 

Lumber exports grew fairly steadily from 1965 through the 

late 1980s, reaching a record high of nearly 4.5 billion board 

feet in 1988 (Tables 28 and 32). By 1999, lumber exports 

had fallen to 2.5 billion board feet. Numerous factors contributed to the decline in lumber exports in recent years. 

These factors included reduced softwood sawtimber supplies 

(particularly from the Pacific Coast), changing economic 

conditions in the major importing countries, the strength of 

the U.S. dollar in relation to other world currencies, and 

increased levels of exports from other major timber producing countries. During the mid 1980s and early 1990s, Japan 

was by far the largest single market for U.S. lumber exports. 

In 1989, Japan purchased 1.6 billion board feet of lumber 

(Table 32). Since then, exports to Japan have fallen to just 

one-fifth their previous level. Canada is currently the largest 

single market for exported lumber, followed closely by the 

European Economic Community (EEC); each accounted for 

26% of all exports. 

Figure 5—U.S. lumber production by region, 1965–1999. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion board feet)

North South

West
5 

Lumber 

consumption 

remains high

Softwood 

lumber prices 

take a downturn

More than half (62%) of total exports in 1996 were softwood 

species, totaling 1.8 billion board feet (Table 28). In the late 

1960s and early 1970s, softwood lumber accounted for about 

85% of total exports. Then, the softwood lumber share of 

total exports fell steadily, from around 78% in the 1980s to 

just over 50% in 1999. The most important softwood lumber 

export markets in 1999 were Japan, which accounted for 

about 21% of total softwood lumber exports, Canada (19%), 

and the EEC (16%). The EEC and Canada were the two 

largest markets for U.S. hardwood lumber exports. 

In 1999, lumber consumption in the 

United States for all uses totaled 

68.3 billion board feet, continuing 

records set through the decade 

(Table 28). Consumption in 1999 

also exceeded levels in the early 1900s, when lumber was 

the most important raw material used in the United States 

for construction, manufactured products, and shipping. 

Per capita consumption in 1999 was 250 board feet, almost 

equal to the record high of 251 board feet in 1987, but 

nevertheless greater than per capita use in the 1960s, 1970s, 

and early 1980s (Table 28). However, per capita consumption was below averages for most years prior to 1965 and 

dramatically below that in the early 1900s when 

consumption exceeded 500 board feet per person. 

Overall, about 60% of lumber consumed in 1999 was used 

for housing—about half for the construction of new units 

and the remainder for the upkeep and improvement of existing units. New nonresidential construction (including railroads) accounted for about 7% of lumber consumption, 

manufacturing for 12%, shipping (pallets, containers, and 

dunnage) for 10%, and 11% for all other uses. The “all 

other” category includes an unknown amount of lumber used 

for other construction purposes such as upkeep and improvements to nonresidential buildings.

In 1999, 54.5 billion (about 80%) of the 68.3 billion board 

feet of lumber consumed in the United States consisted of 

softwood species (Table 28, Fig. 6). Slight annual variations 

in the percentage of softwood and hardwood lumber used are 

common and result from differing levels of activity in various end use markets and variations in species consumption 

among these markets. About 97% of the lumber used in new 

housing in 1999 was estimated as softwood species, an 

increase from 93% in 1962. In contrast, only 28% of the 

lumber used in shipping was softwood, a decrease from 40% 

in 1962. The increase in the percentage of softwood lumber 

for housing is primarily due to a decline in the use of hardwood flooring and a rapid increase in house size, which calls 

for larger amounts of softwood dimension lumber for framing. The increased use of engineered wood products to substitute for dimension lumber in both residential and nonresidential construction has tended to reduce the softwood 

percentage of consumption. The rapid and continued growth 

in the use of hardwood pallets for handling and transportation of materials is the principal cause for the increased use 

of hardwood lumber in shipping. Even with the variations 

caused by differences in end use markets, softwood lumber 

consumption as a percentage of total lumber consumption 

has remained around 80% since the 1960s. 

Overall, softwood lumber prices 

were down in 1999 from a record 

high set during the previous year. 

The actual producer price index for 

softwood lumber was 131.9 in 1999 

(1992=100), up from 123 in 1998 

(Table 35, Fig. 7). Historically, the producer price index for 

softwood lumber rose rapidly between 1965 and 1979, from 

20.9 to 78.8. This represented an average increase of about 

10.6% per year. A mild recession in the early years of the 

1980s depressed lumber prices. Prices did not rise and reach 

record levels until late in the decade. On average, softwood 

lumber prices increased just 1.9% per year during the 1980s. 

The price index again began to move upward in the early 

1990s, partly as a result of timber harvest reductions in the 

Figure 6—Lumber production and consumption by 

wood type, 1965–1999. 

Figure 7—Price indexes for softwood lumber, 

1965–1999. 

0

40

80

120

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Price index (1992=100)

Actual Relative

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion board feet)

Production

Consumption

Softwood lumber

Hardwood lumber
6 

Pulpwood 

production 

estimated at 

82.9 million 

cords 

Engineered 

wood products 

on the rise 

West and their effect on the sawmill industry. From 1995 to 

1997, the softwood lumber producer price index fluctuated—from a low of 120.3 in 1995 to a high of 139.2 in 

1997. Overall, the price index increased at a rate of about 

5.7% per year between 1965 and 1998. 

Hardwood lumber prices, as measured by the hardwood 

lumber producer price index, have historically been much 

less volatile than softwood lumber prices. In 1999, the producer price index for hardwood lumber was 126.0, 1.2 points 

below the record high established a year earlier (Table 35, 

Fig. 8). Since 1965, hardwood lumber prices have increased 

at a rate of about 4.9% per year. 

The relative producer price index for a given commodity 

measures the change in its price relative to that of all other 

commodities and is calculated by dividing the producer price 

index for the given commodity by that for all commodities. 

If the relative price index is less than 100, then the given 

commodity is relatively less expensive than other commodities. If the relative price index is greater than 1, then the 

commodity is relatively more expensive. In 1999, the relative price of softwood lumber was 109.7, down 20.3 points 

from 1994 (Table 35, Fig. 7). Relative softwood lumber 

prices ranged from a low of 70.7 in 1965 to a high of 130.0 

in 1994. Relative hardwood lumber price in 1999 was 104.8, 

down from the 1994 price (Table 35, Fig. 8). Long-term 

prices for hardwood lumber were more stable than those for 

softwood, ranging from a low of 82.9 in 1981 to a high of 

116.7 in 1994. 

Engineered wood products such as 

glulam, I-joists, and laminated 

veneer lumber (LVL) are relatively 

new to the market and are forecast 

to increase steadily. During 1999, 

316 million board feet of glulam was produced in the United 

States, up 9.1% from 1998 (Table 34, Fig. 9). Slightly more 

than half of glulam is used for new residential construction 

and remodeling. Nonresidential construction consumes the 

next largest proportion of glulam production. 

During 1999, LVL production was 48 million cubic feet and 

I-joist production 733 million linear feet. In recent years, the 

volume of LVL production used for I-joists has kept pace 

with I-joist production. In 1999, approximately 77% of 

I-joists were used in new residential floor construction, 6% 

in residential roofs and walls, approximately 10% in remodeling, and 7% in nonresidential construction. A small volume of I-joists was exported to Japan. 

Pulpwood for Pulp Mills 

Total wood pulp production in U.S. 

Mills in 1999 was estimated at 

62.9 million tons based on data 

published by the American Forest & 

Paper Association (AF&PA, U.S. 

Wood Pulp Data). This figure is 2% 

below 1998 production and 4.6% 

below the previous high production of 1995. Most U.S. 

paper companies have experienced poor financial returns for 

nearly a decade. With the exception of a short-lived boom in 

1995, the 1990s was a decade of low profitability. Plagued 

by overcapacity and low commodity prices, the industry 

failed to earn its cost of capital throughout most of the decade. The 1999 capacity survey of the AF&PA predicted that 

new capacity growth for paper and paperboard in the United 

States will average just 0.7% per year between 1999 and 

2001, the lowest average on record. 

On the basis of these pulpwood volumes, the American 

Pulpwood Association estimated pulpwood (both roundwood and chips) production to be 82.9 million cords in 1999 

(Table 24). This volume is about 2.8% below that of 1998 

and 19.7% below the record high level established in 1995. 

The decline in pulpwood production is a continuation of the 

downward trend that began in 1996, coinciding with the 

Figure 8—Price indexes for hardwood lumber, 

1965–1999. Figure 9—Production of glulam, I-joists, and laminated 

veneer, 1965–1999. 

0

40

80

120

160

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Price index (1992=100)

Actual Relative

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million board feet)

Glulam

I-Joists

LVL
7 

Pulpwood 

production 

continues 

decline across 

regions 

decline in pulpwood production. Shutdowns had a strong 

impact on production: nearly 3.7 million tons of paper and 

paperboard capacity were removed between 1998 and 1999. 

The slowdown in pulpwood production identified in 1998 

was confirmed in 1999. Softwood roundwood and chip 

production was 56.0 million cords in 1999, down 2.6% from 

1998 (Table 25, Fig. 10). Output declined in all three major 

producing regions from 1998 to 1999. In the West, softwood 

production dropped to 2.5 million cords (slight decline); in 

the North, to 6.8 million cords (<1% decline); and in the 

South, to 46.7 million cords (2.9% decline). More than 83% 

of the softwood roundwood pulpwood came from southern 

forests. 

The output of hardwood roundwood and chips was 

26.9 million cords in 1999, down from 27.8 million cords in 

1998. Despite this decline, the proportion of total roundwood pulpwood and chips from hardwood species increased, 

continuing the reversal of the downward trend that started in 

1974. Through the 1960s and early 1970s, hardwoods became an increasingly important source of round pulpwood, 

reflecting changes in pulping technology, the types of pulp 

produced, and the relative price of different species. During 

1999, hardwood pulpwood constituted 32% of total U.S. 

pulpwood production, a decline from its high point (41% of 

total production) in 1994. Further erosion in pulpwood 

demand is likely as capacity to produce paper and paperboard remains flat and the percentage of recycled fiber 

inches higher. 

Association data on pulpwood 

receipts indicate that pulpwood 

production in the South was 

65.5 million cords in 1999, 2.9% 

below 1998 production and 19.5% 

below the high production year of 

1995 when 78.3 million cords of 

pulpwood was produced (Table 25, 

Fig. 11). The year 1999 marks the fourth consecutive year of 

small pulpwood declines in the South. The 65.5 million 

cords of production in 1999 also represents the lowest 

pulpwood production over the last 9 years. The South has 

accounted for more than 65% of total U.S. pulpwood production in the past 10 years. 

All of the 14 states in the South have contributed to this 

decline in pulpwood production. However, this decline has 

been greatest in Georgia and Alabama, which together 

account for a third of the pulpwood output in the South. This 

is consistent with the location of the industry within the area. 

Of the total number of pulpmills in the South, about 52% are 

located in Alabama and Georgia. 

About 71% of the 65.5 million cords of round pulpwood 

harvested in the South in 1999 was softwoods. This proportion declined over the course of the 1990s. Between 1995 

and 1999, southern hardwood roundwood output declined at 

a faster rate than did that of softwood roundwood. For example, annual hardwood roundwood production declined by 

an average of 1.9 million cords and softwood roundwood by 

an average by 0.5 million cords. 

Receipts of domestically produced pulpwood in the West 

continued to decline throughout the 1990s. Softwood production has decreased every year since 1988. Softwood 

production was 2.5 million cords in 1999, compared with 

2.6 million cords in 1998 and 18.4 million cords in 1988 

(Table 25, Fig. 12). Chips accounted for roughly the same 

percentage of pulpwood production in 1999 as they did in 

1979, declining slightly since 1995. Of the total production 

of pulpwood, roundwood, and chips, 81% was from softwood species. Production of hardwood roundwood remained 

fairly constant from 1995 to 1999. 

Data on domestically produced mill receipts indicate that 

pulpwood (roundwood plus chips) production in the North 

was 14.3 million cords in 1999, down slightly from 

14.7 million cords in 1998 (Table 25, Fig. 13). About 52.4% 

Figure 10—Pulpwood production by wood type, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 11—Pulpwood production in U.S. South, 

1965–1999. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million cords)

Hardwoods Softwoods

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million cords)
8 

Pulpwood 

prices also 

decline

Pulpwood 

consumption 

in mills declines 

to 86.7 million 

cords 

of total pulpwood was from hardwood species, slightly 

below the proportion of hardwood in 1998. A high percentage (83%) of total pulpwood output in the North was from 

roundwood, the largest proportion for any section. The use 

of chip residues in the North has been declining steadily as 

in other U.S. regions. 

The combination of falling prices 

and lower volumes removed an 

estimated $1 billion dollars from the 

U.S. woodfiber markets in 1999 

compared to 1998, a loss of 14% 

(International Woodfiber Report 1999). The decline in prices 

helped continue the contraction in both softwood and hardwood demand as eight of the Nation’s 186 pulpmills shut 

down in 1999. After increasing in 1998, pulpwood stumpage 

prices declined in 1999. In 1998, the South held the nation’s 

largest fiber market when the stumpage price for Louisiana 

pine was $26.5 per cord (1992 dollars). In 1999, pine and 

hardwood pulpwood prices in the South fell to $21.85 per 

cord (Table 26). Delivered pulpwood price for southern pine 

was $67.83 per cord in 1998 before falling 15.9% to $64.61 

per cord in 1999. 

Pulpwood prices vary a great deal among species and regions. In general, prices are highest for softwoods, especially 

the long fiber northern species such as spruce and fir. In 

some areas, in response to changes in pulping technology 

and pulpwood availability and quality, the relationship between hardwood and softwood prices has changed. However, softwoods still command a higher price than do hardwoods. For example, in Louisiana during the 1990s, the 

softwood pulpwood price per cord stayed at a higher level 

than that of hardwoods for every year in the decade other 

than 1995, when the price of hardwood pulpwood exceeded 

that of softwood. 

Pulpwood stumpage prices for most species followed the 

same trends as those for pulpwood prices and slowed during 

1999 (Tables 26 and 27). In Louisiana, for example, the 

price of southern pine pulpwood stumpage fell from $26.49 

(1992 dollars) in 1998 to $21.85 (1992 dollars) in 1999. 

Hardwood stumpage prices fell at a steeper rate (35.1%) than 

did prices for southern pine (21%). Pulpwood and pulpwood 

stumpage prices have been quite volatile over the last 

10 years. Most of this volatility has been due to falling 

capacity and restructuring of industry, which have lowered 

demand. The U.S. pulp and paper industry has brought 

capital spending to levels well under depreciation and amortization, effectively pulling capital out of the industry. Companies have also been consolidating their operations in response to increased global competition and poor financial 

returns. The result has been a rationalization of marginal 

mills, further reducing the capacity base. 

Apparent pulpwood consumption in 

U.S. mills was an estimated 

86.7 million cords in 1999 

(Table 24, Fig. 14), representing a 

small decline from 86.8 million 

cords of consumption in 1998. This 

marked the fourth consecutive year 

of decline in pulpwood consumption. In total, about 82.9 

million cords of pulpwood domestic production plus net 

imports were required to meet the relatively flat demand for 

paper, paperboard, and pulp products in 1999. Wood requirements for exports amounted to an additional 3.1 million 

cords. 

Plywood and Veneer 

Softwood plywood production in 1999 was estimated at 

17.8 billion square feet (3/8-in. basis) based on data published by the American Plywood Association (Table 34, 

Figs. 15 and 16). Softwood plywood production slightly 

exceeded 1998 production, marking the first increase since 

1994. The rise in production during 1999 could be short 

lived as OSB continues to increase its share of the market 

once dominated by plywood. For example, between 1994 

and 1999, plywood production declined by 10.2%. 

Figure 12—Pulpwood production in U.S. West, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 13—Pulpwood production in U.S. North, 

1965–1999. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million cords)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million cords)
9 

Hardwood 

plywood 

production 

shows slight 

increase 

Softwood and 

hardwood 

plywood 

prices rise 

Historically, production of softwood plywood has been 

concentrated in the West, chiefly in the Pacific Coast States 

of Washington, Oregon, and California. However, during 

1999 these three States accounted for only 21.5% of plywood production. Since the first plywood plant in the South 

began production, production in that region has grown to 

68% of total production. For example, from 1990 to 1999, 

production in the South increased to 12.1 billion square 

feet (3/8 in.-basis) while production in the West fell to 

3.8 million square feet. Although production in the South 

fell somewhat during the last 3 years of the 1990s, the percentage of total U.S. production from southern plants continued to increase. About two-thirds of softwood plywood 

manufactured in 1999 was from southern pine. 

Hardwood plywood production rose 

about 2.6% to an estimated 

2.0 billion square feet in 1999 

(3/8-in. basis) (Table 37, Fig. 17). 

This volume, the highest since 1972, 

followed the trend of small annual 

increases since 1995. Strong demand from the furniture, cabinetry, and fixtures sector was 

the main factor that fueled the 2.6% growth in production. 

Stock hardwood plywood accounted for slightly more than 

half the hardwood plywood produced. Of this amount, eastern producers, aided by their proximity to the hardwood 

forest resource, produced 53% of hardwood plywood, western producers produced 46%, and the Great Lakes States 

produced the remainder. 

Hardwood plywood producers use a wide range of species 

for the face veneers of their products. Red oak remains the 

most popular species, capturing 38% of the market, followed 

by birch (29%) and maple (17%). Market shares of cores 

used in hardwood plywood also differ: from veneer piles 

(63%) to medium density fiberboard (MDF) cores (16%). 

The use of MDF and particleboard cores has increased 

steadily since 1991. 

Softwood plywood prices as measured by the actual producer price 

index, rose sharply in 1999 

(Table 42, Fig. 18), reaching 140.6 

(1992=100). This was 15.6% above 

1998 levels as measured by the 

actual producer price index. The extent of the increase, 

particularly for the types and grades used in construction, 

will depend primarily on continued strength in the housing 

markets. The relative softwood plywood price index was 

116.9 (Table 42, Fig. 19). This was the highest relative price 

since 1995. 

Hardwood plywood prices showed a slow upward trend in 

1999 (Table 42, Figs. 18 and 19). The actual hardwood 

plywood price as indicated by the actual producer price 

index for 1999 was 120.3 (1992=100), slightly above the 

118.7 level registered a year earlier. The relative index also 

registered a small increase for 1999. 

Figure 14—Total pulpwood consumption, 1965–1999. 

Figure 15—Total plywood production and consumption, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 16—Softwood plywood production and consumption, 1965–1999. 

20

40

60

80

100

120

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million cords)

Total consumption

Consumption in U.S. mills

Domestic production

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft2) 

(3/8-inch basis)

Production Consumption

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft2) 

(3/8-inch basis)

Production Consumption
10 

Hardwood 

plywood 

imports rise 

10.6% 

Softwood 

plywood 

imports and 

exports vary 

in volume 

Imports of softwood plywood were 

about 469 million square feet 

(3/8-in. basis) in 1999, an increase 

of 62% over 1998 imports 

(Table 37). Imports of softwood 

plywood are small relative to overall 

U.S. plywood consumption. Exports, estimated at about 595 million square feet, registered 

the second year of decline after 10 years of growth. Exports 

in 1999 were 28% below exports in 1998. In spite of the 

increases in exports for most of the 1990s, softwood plywood exports composed only 3% of total domestic production during 1999. 

Softwood veneer imports were an estimated 1.6 billion 

square feet (surface measure) in 1999 (Table 40). This volume was 22.6% greater than that of 1998, and constituted 

about 40% of total veneer imports. Softwood veneer exports 

increased to 306.5 million square feet (surface measure) in 

1999, a 26.9% increase over 1998. 

Hardwood plywood imports were 

2.5 billion square feet (3/8-in. basis) 

in 1999, 10.6% above the 1998 

volume. The 1999 volume of imports was the highest since 1988, 

when 3.3 billion square feet of 

hardwood plywood was imported. The increase in hardwood 

plywood imports followed a growth trend that started in 

1992 (Table 37). 

During the 1960s and 1970s, Korea was the principal source 

of hardwood plywood imports to the United States. This 

changed over the 1990s as Canada, Brazil, Malaysia, and the 

Russian Federation became major sources. Asia has remained the largest source of hardwood plywood imports, 

accounting for 58.6% of the total. 

Imports of hardwood veneer, used chiefly in the manufacture 

of hardwood plywood in U.S. mills, totaled 2.3 billion 

square feet (surface measure) in 1999 (Table 41). This was 

5.6% above the 1998 level of imports and 18.5% below the 

peak import year of 1972. Since 1972, imports of hardwood 

veneer have taken an upward trend, averaging more than 

1.2 billion square feet per year. 

Hardwood plywood exports totaled 238 million square feet 

(3/8-in. basis) in 1999 (Table 37). This was 13.4% above 

1998 exports, but the second smallest volume since 1991. 

The increase in exports represents demand from the European and Canadian markets. Canada, Germany, Spain, and 

the United Kingdom are the top four markets, representing 

nearly 60% of U.S. exports of hardwood plywood products. 

Hardwood veneer exports were an estimated 3.2 billion 

square feet (surface measure) in 1999, 10.5% above 1998 

and the highest volume on record. 

Figure 17—Hardwood plywood production and 

consumption, 1965–1999. 

Figure 18—Actual producer price indexes for plywood, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 19—Relative producer price indexes for 

plywood, 1965–1999. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft2) 

(3/8-inch basis)

Production Consumption

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Relative producer price index 

(1992=100)

All plywood

All softwood plywood

All hardwood plywood

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Actual producer price index 

(1992=100)

All plywood

All softwood plywood

All hardwood plywood
11 

Softwood 

plywood 

consumption 

rises as OSB 

increases 

market share 

Hardwood 

plywood 

consumption 

rides an 

upward trend 

Log trade 

remains 

mixed

Consumption of softwood plywood 

in 1999 was an estimated 

17.6 billion square feet (3/8-in. 

basis) (Table 34, Fig. 20). This was 

2.8% above consumption in 1998 

and represented the second consecutive year of increase in softwood 

plywood consumption. 

The small rise in consumption from 1998 through 1999 after 

small declines over the last decade represents the gains made 

in the plywood market by OSB. Since 1992 when OSB was 

certified to perform as well as softwood plywood, OSB has 

been rapidly eroding the market share of softwood plywood. 

This certification allows OSB to compete directly for the 

same markets while offering the consumer a lower cost 

product. However, certain applications are still dominated by 

the use of softwood plywood, such as underlayment for 

floors. 

The United States has 92 plywood-producing mills and 

nearly 50 OSB mills (U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook 2000). 

Nearly 75% of all grades of softwood plywood are produced 

in the South. The West, the traditional producer of softwood 

plywood, especially Douglas-fir, is slowly changing to serving niche markets because of the reduced timber supplies 

from public lands. 

Although OSB is increasing market share in the previously 

dominated softwood plywood market, a strong residential 

construction market can explain some of the consumption 

increase for softwood plywood that occurred during 1998 

and 1999. Also important are nonresidential construction, 

manufacturing, and maintenance, repair, and remodeling. 

The large proportion of single-family houses, which use 

more plywood per unit than do multi-family structures, also 

contributed to the overall rise. These factors suggest that 

future changes in demand for softwood plywood will likely 

be closely related to changes in the volumes of residential 

construction and OSB production. 

In 1999, apparent consumption of 

hardwood plywood rose 6.9% to an 

estimated 4.2 billion square feet 

(3/8-in. basis) (Table 37, Fig. 16). 

This was 291 million square feet 

more than hardwood plywood consumption in 1998, following the 

rising trend of the 1990s. The continued increase in 1999 in part reflected the strong housing 

market, an important market for hardwood plywood for wall 

paneling, kitchen cabinets, and door skins. Although mobile 

home output weakened in 1999, mobile home production as 

well as furniture output contributed to the demand for hardwood plywood. 

In 1999, 60.4% of hardwood plywood consumed in the 

United States was supplied by imports (Table 37). This was 

the trend throughout the 1990s as hardwood plywood imports consistently accounted for at least 50% of hardwood 

plywood consumption. 

Total softwood log exports increased 2.9% during 1999 

(Table 18). Softwood log exports 

from the western United States, 

however, continued a downward 

trend as Douglas-fir log exports declined 8.8% compared 

with 1998 exports. Japan imported the greatest proportion of 

U.S. softwood log exports (49%), followed by Canada 

(39%), and South Korea (6%). Canada continued to be the 

primary source of softwood log imports to the United States 

in 1999. accounting for 86% of all log imports (Table 16). 

Hardwood log imports from Canada increased by 2.2% in 

1999 as compared to 1998. Total hardwood log imports 

increased by 4.0% from 1998 to 1999. 

Figure 20—Softwood plywood and OSB production, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 21—Particleboard consumption and production, 

1965–1999. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft2) 

(3/8-inch basis)

OSB Softwood Plywood

2

4

6

8

10

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million ft2) 

(3/4-inch basis)

Production Consumption
12 

MDF output 

increases, 

hardboard 

declines, and 

insulation 

board plateaus 

Roundwood 

production 

holds steady, 

fuelwood rises 

Particleboard, Hardboard, 

and Insulation Board 

According to estimates of the National Particleboard Association, production of particleboard in 1999 totaled 

4.6 billion square feet (3/4-in. basis), up from 4.5 billion 

square feet in 1998 (Table 53, Fig. 21). This set a record 

high level of production for particleboard. 

Because of its uniformity, flatness, and dimensional stability, 

particleboard is used primarily for floor underlayment, 

kitchen counter underlayment, furniture components, and 

cabinet components. Part of the continued rise of particleboard production in the 1990s was due to continued strength 

in the housing industry. 

Foreign trade in particleboard was insignificant before the 

mid-1960s and very light through the early 1970s; however, 

both imports and exports experienced growth during the 

1980s. Imports continued to increase throughout the 1990s, 

rising to 1.2 billion square feet in 1999. Exports increased 

during the first half of the 1990s, but had declined to an 

estimated 135 million square feet (3/4-in. basis) by the end 

of the decade. 

From 1997 to 1999, apparent consumption of particleboard 

rose 6.9%. 

Production of MDF was 1.4 billion 

square feet (3/4-in. basis) in 1999, a 

rise from 950 million square feet in 

1990. The major market for MDF at 

present is furniture and cabinetry 

applications because of its smoothness, dimensional stability, paintability, and decorative effect. 

Hardboard production in 1999 was estimated to be 

4.3 billion square feet (1/8-in. basis) (Table 56, Fig. 22), 

1.9% above 1998 production but 20% below 1996 production. Hardboard production has been on a downward trend 

since 1983 when 7.3 billion square feet of hardboard was 

produced. 

Hardboard imports amounted to 1.7 billion square feet in 

1999, 28.5% above the 1998 total, continuing an upward 

trend that started in 1995. Imports accounted for 33% of 

total U.S. hardboard consumption in 1999. After a shortlived growth period during the early 1990s, hardboard exports declined in 1998, then increased slightly in 1999. 

Although growth is slow, hardboard exports still account for 

20.8% of total production. 

Consumption of hardboard in 1999 was 5.2 billion square 

feet, 10.4% above the 1998 total. This increase in consumption is reflected in part by a strong housing sector. Hardboard is used primarily in the construction industry for exterior siding in new residential construction. In 1998, just over 

half of all hardboard consumption was for residential 

exterior siding. 

Production of insulation board in 1999 was about 2.3 billion 

square feet (1/2-in. basis) or 857 thousand tons (Tables 54 

and 55, Fig. 23). Imports and exports of insulation board 

were relatively small, amounting to 112 and 62 thousand 

tons, respectively. Production and trade of insulation board 

has been on a plateau since 1993. The long-run outlook 

shows no growth. Further developments of structural 

grades of particleboard at competitive prices could further 

accelerate particleboard demand for sheathing and other 

construction uses. MDF should also continue to provide 

increasing competition for traditional board uses. 

Miscellaneous Timber Products 

Production of miscellaneous industrial roundwood products, which 

include cooperage logs, poles and 

piling, fenceposts, mine timbers, 

hewn ties, box bolts, and other 

products, was estimated to be 

485 million cubic feet in 1999. 

Figure 22—Hardboard consumption and production, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 23—Insulation board consumption and 

production, 1965–1999. 

0

2

4

6

8

10

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption
13 

Turpentine 

and rosin 

production 

continue to 

decline 

This volume has been roughly the same for the last 3 years 

(Table 5a). 

Production of round fuelwood in 1999 was estimated at 

2.5 billion cubic feet, a slight rise from 1998. Fuelwood 

consumption dropped sharply in the first five decades of the 

20th century because of the substitution of oil, gas, coal, and 

electricity in home cooking, heating, and industrial uses. In 

recent years, however, substantial markets have developed 

for fireplace wood. Projected increases in income, 

population, and residential construction indicate continued 

growth for fuelwood. 

Total domestic turpentine production declined 16.4% to 20.7 million 

gallons in 1999 (Table 59), the 

smallest volume in the past two 

decades. This decline reflects the 

volatility that marked turpentine 

production during the 1990s. 

Only crude (100%) turpentine was produced in 1999. Historically, gum and steam-distilled turpentine constituted 

about 15% of total production. Since 1988, the industry has 

declined and crude turpentine has dominated production. 

The principal sources of turpentine are longleaf and slash 

pine in the southern United States. The substance obtained 

from these and other species of trees consists of 75% to 90% 

resin and 10% to 25% oil. Crude commercial turpentine is 

valuable mainly as a source of resin. 

Domestic production of rosin in 1999 declined for the second consecutive year. Rosin production fell from 

308.4 thousand tons in 1997 to 271.7 thousand tons in 1998 

and 231.1 thousand tons in 1999. Production in 1999 was 

33.4% below the record high of 308.4 thousand tons set in 

1997. Historically, gum and steam rosin constituted about 

15% of the industry. Since the mid-1980s, tall oil rosin has 

dominated the industry. Tall oil rosin is the rosin remaining 

after substantially all the fatty acids (≤5%) have been removed by fractional distillation or other suitable means. 

Sustainable Forest Management 

Criteria and Indicators 

The Montreal Criteria and Indicators (C&I) of sustainable 

forest management include 7 criteria and 67 indicators that 

measure the diverse sets of values that society places on 

forest resources (USDA Forest Service 1997). The support 

and development of the C&I for the United States reflects 

the evolution of forest policies and priorities in forest management among the diverse stewards of U.S. forest resources. Six indicators under Criterion 6, Maintenance and 

Enhancement of Long-Term Multiple Socio-Economic 

Benefits to Meet the Needs of Societies, assess the production and consumption of forest products. 

A subset of the production and consumption indicators 

parallel and complement the standard measures in this report. These indicators are as follows: 

• Value and volume of wood and wood products production, including value-added through downstream processing (indicator 29) 

• Supply and consumption of wood and wood products, 

including consumption per capita (indicator 31) 

• Value of wood and [non-wood products] production as a 

percentage of GDP (indicator 32) 

• Degree of recycling of forest products (indicator 33) 

Measures of production, consumption, and value are important to the goals underlying sustainable forest management. 

These types of measures reflect the importance of forest 

resources in supplying raw materials for manufacturing and 

the value that society places on the production of wood and 

wood products. Strategies to achieve sustainable forest 

management must reflect the role of forest resources in 

maintaining a dynamic and strong economy as a primary 

component of meeting the needs of society. 

Value and Volume of Wood and 

Wood Products Production 

The total volume of wood products production continues to 

grow, reflecting the value society places on wood raw materials. However, the mix of wood products reflects changing 

needs for specific types of products as well as technological 

change to accommodate increased competition for forest 

resources and to maintain an affordable supply of goods and 

services for consumers. The total volume of wood products 

(in roundwood equivalent inputs) in the United States, including fuelwood, increased from 12 billion cubic feet in 

1965 to 17.5 billion cubic feet in 1999 (Table 5a). Of that 

production, approximately 62% and 38% was softwood and 

hardwood, respectively, in 1999, based on roundwood 

equivalent inputs (Tables 6 and 7). The value of shipments 

for all wood furniture and paper products production surpassed $322 billion in 1996 (Department of Commerce 

1999) up from $206 billion in 1987. Value-added from all 

wood, furniture (including non-wood furniture), and paper 

products surpassed $141 billion in 1996, up from $98 billion 

in 1987 (Department of Commerce 1999). Although lumber 

and wood products value-added accounted for 29% of total 

value-added or $41.5 billion, the highest value-added continues to come from the paper and allied products sector of 

forest products (Fig. 24). In 1996, this sector produced more 

than $72 billion of value-added, primarily through the production of paper, paperboard containers, and boxes. Furniture and fixtures represented 19% of valued-added, or more 

than $27 billion. 
14 

Figure 24—Categories of value-added products. 

The total volume of sawnwood production decreased in 

proportion to that of other wood products—from 42% of 

industrial roundwood production in 1965 to 31% in 1999 

(Table 8). Nevertheless, the volume of sawnwood production increased by 24% over this 30-year period; the lowest 

volume was 2.0 billion cubic feet in 1982 and the highest 

almost 3.3 billion cubic feet in 1988. On average, the value 

of sawnwood production has continued to increase in real 

terms (net of inflation), although in effect it is still recovering from sharp declines in the early 1980s (Fig. 25). Meanwhile, the value added by sawnwood production remained 

fairly stable during the 1990s at around $8 billion in real 

terms. The volume of sawnwood production increased by as 

much as 2.5 billion cubic feet from a 17-year low in 1982 to 

a high of 7.6 billion cubic feet in 1999. Rising real lumber 

prices are significant drivers in the introduction of new 

technologies to use more species, smaller dimension wood, 

and residues to make composite structural panels and engineered wood components such as OSB, I-beams, laminated 

beams, and truss framing. 

The production of plywood, veneer, and other wood-based 

panels increased by 130% from 1965 to 1999 (Table 8). 

Although 1999 levels of plywood production were below the 

peak level of 23.8 billion square feet (3/8 in.-basis) in 1987 

(Table 34), the total value of plywood shipments increased 

to more than $8 billion in 1996 and made up more than 10% 

of the total value-added of all wood products (Department of 

Commerce 1999). 

Pulp and paper products provide the highest value among 

wood commodities produced in the United States. The 

steady increase in pulp and paper production reflects significant linkages between increased income and increased demand for pulp and paper products. Paper and board products 

by weight increased more than 139% since 1965 (Table 43). 

The value-added of pulp and paper production fluctuated 

Figure 25—Volume, value, and value-added of 

sawnwood production, 1965–1999 (U.S. Department 

of Commerce (various years), Howard 1997, 1999). 

Source: DOC, various years, Howard, 1997, 1999 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Value (trillion 1987 US$)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 

Volume (billion ft3

)

Volume (Y2) Value Value-added 20 10

18

Value-added by wood and wood fiber products in 1996. Lumber and wood products. ($41.5 billion or 29% of total value-added) 

Logging 16% 

Millwork & plywood 36% 

Saw & planing mills 29% 

Misc.

1%

Wood & mobile bldgs 13% Wood containers 5% 

Furniture and fixtures ($27 billion or 19% of total value-added) 

Household furniture 47% 

Public bldgs 8% 

Partitions & fixtures 15% 

Misc. 10% 

Office furniture 20% 

Paper and allied products

 ($72.3 billion or 51% of total value-added)

Paperboard 

mills 13%

Misc.

36%

Pulp mills

3%

Paper mills

26%

Particlebd 

containers, 

boxes

22%
15 

widely during some periods, but it averaged just under 

$32 billion near the end of the 1990s (Department of Commerce 1999). The increase in pulp and paper volumes with 

fairly stable values reflects advances in recycling as well as 

efficiency gains and lower production costs. These contributions to the conservation of forest resources provide more 

alternatives to forest resource management by extending the 

resource. 

Supply and Consumption of 

Wood and Wood Products 

In addition to knowing the historical and current levels 

of production, we need to assess our ability to maintain, 

increase, or decrease levels of production in response to the 

changing needs of society. The rationale for this indicator is 

that we will know to what extent we have met and can continue to meet wood demands with our available supply. The 

additional information gained with this measure compared to 

the production and value indicators is that a supply reflects 

all sources of wood, domestic and international. However, 

no C&I variables directly measure the balance of trade in 

wood products; thus, potential dependence on outside 

sources (a possible indicator of management away from 

sustainable levels) is not evident. 

The deficit in U.S. production as compared to U.S. 

consumption of industrial wood products (in roundwood 

equivalents) increased net imports from just over 1 billion 

cubic feet in 1965 to almost 2.4 billion cubic feet in 1999 

(Table 5a). This figure includes wood imports of more than 

4.2 billion cubic feet and exports of 1.8 billion cubic feet. 

Imports (in roundwood equivalents) constituted more than 

25% of the volume consumed in 1999, compared with less 

than 13% in 1965 (Table 8a). Softwood lumber remains the 

primary import into the United States; approximately 63% 

or 2.5 billion cubic feet (in roundwood equivalents) of total 

wood imports in 1997 (Tables 5a and 6a). 

The roundwood equivalent of the total consumption of wood 

products in the United States has steadily increased over the 

last 30 years from 13.2 to 20 billion cubic feet. Fluctuations 

in wood products flow reflect periods of economic downturns and recovery because the demand for wood and wood 

products generally tracks basic macroeconomic indicators, 

such as those summarized in Table 1. Slower rates of increase in the consumption of wood products since 1990 have 

resulted in relatively stable trends in per capita wood consumption at about 75 cubic feet over the previous decade 

(Fig. 26). Per capita consumption by the wood products 

sector shows a fairly stable proportion of individual consumption of most products, with slight decreases in plywood 

and veneer consumption (Fig. 27). 

Value of Wood and Non-Wood 

Production as Percentage of GDP 

The rationale for this indicator is that the percentage of 

production that an industry contributes to total domestic 

production reflects its value to society through contributions 

to national income and its competitiveness among other 

economic sectors. The value-added of wood production as a 

percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) has remained 

fairly stable at approximately 2% in real terms over the past 

three decades (USDA Forest Service 1997). The total value 

of shipments of wood and wood products as a percentage of 

GDP averaged more than 4.5% annually in the latter part of 

the 1990s. Note that a simple measure of percentage of GDP 

might mask the move towards unsustainable levels of production if the resource is becoming scarce from overexploitation. If assessed relative to biophysical measures of land 

availability, rates of fragmentation, and timber productivity, 

this measure will provide a more comprehensive picture of 

Figure 26—Supply and consumption of roundwood, 

1965–1999. 

Figure 27—U.S. per capita consumption of wood 

products, 1965–1997 (Howard 1990). 

0

5

10

15

20

25

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume (billion ft3

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Volume per capita (ft3

)

Consumption per capita (Y2)

Production

Consumption

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Volume per capita (ft3

)

Lumber Plywood and veneer 

Pulp products Fuelwood

Other industrial products
16 

sustainable forest management levels of production and 

consumption. 

Recycling of Forest Products 

The rationale for recycling is that resource use and the conservation of forest resources are affected by the re-use, 

recycling, and recovery of materials as well as direct consumption of resources. The value of a resource can be reflected in the level of recycling of products from that resource (USDA Forest Service 1997). 

Traditionally, recovery and recycling in the forestry sector 

has been associated primarily with paper and paper products, 

namely newsprint and office waste paper. The majority of 

available data reflects these products. Recently, research and 

data on the recycling of solid wood materials from demolished structures, construction sites, and mill residues reflect 

the increasing value that society places on forest resources. 

Paper and paperboard recycling has increased steadily over 

the last few decades, with significant increases in the 1990s. 

As of 1999, paper and paperboard was being recovered in 

the United States at a rate of almost 45%, up from 22% in 

1970, while utilization of recovered paper exceeded 39%, up 

from 25% in 1965 (Tables 46 and 47). 

Literature Cited 

AF&PA. U.S. wood pulp data. [monthly] Washington, DC: 

American Forest & Paper Association. 

Department of Commerce. 1999. Statistics for industry 

groups and industries. Annual survey of manufactures. 

M(AS–1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the 

Census. http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/industry.html 

International Woodfiber Report. 1999.Gilroy, CA: Miller 

Freemen, Inc.. Vol. 5 no. 6. 

Luppold, G.; William, D.; Gilbert, P. 1994. Factors affecting regional changes in hardwood lumber production. Forest 

Products Journal. 44(6): 8–14. 

USDA Forest Service. 1997. Report of the United States on 

the criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of 

temperate and boreal forests. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook. 2000. The McGraw–Hill 

Companies and U.S. Department of Commerce/International 

Trade Administration. New York, NY: The McGraw–Hill 

Companies, Inc. 
Table 1—Measures of economic growth, population, and prices, 1965–1999

Non- 

residential Number of Total Furniture 

fixed housing Mobile Popula- industrial Manufac- and 

 Year investmentc startsd homesd tiona production turing fixtures 

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion

current 1992 current 1992 current 1992 Billion Thousand Thousand

dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars units units Millions 1992=100 1992=100 1992=100 1

1965 719.1 2,874.8 493.9 2,000.2 81.9 387.0 321.8 1,473 217 194.3 49.5 44.5 44.8 1966 787.8 3,060.2 533.7 2,106.6 85.8 373.6 359.1 1,165 217 196.6 53.8 48.6 48.3 1967 833.6 3,140.2 571.9 2,198.4 87.2 368.0 353.6 1,292 240 198.7 55.0 49.5 48.3 1968 910.6 3,288.6 621.4 2,298.2 96.8 387.0 355.6 1,508 318 200.7 58.1 52.3 50.0 1969 982.2 3,388.0 668.4 2,373.6 104.9 392.1 369.0 1,467 413 202.7 60.7 54.6 52.3 1970 1,035.6 3,388.2 727.1 2,465.6 105.9 372.3 353.9 1,434 401 205.1 58.7 52.1 49.0 1971 1,125.4 3,500.1 790.2 2,564.0 122.4 403.8 343.6 2,052 497 207.7 59.5 53.0 51.0 1972 1,237.3 3,690.3 855.3 2,680.8 139.1 432.2 362.7 2,357 576 209.9 65.3 58.5 61.5 1973 1,382.6 3,902.3 965.0 2,869.4 153.8 439.2 388.6 2,045 567 211.9 70.6 63.7 65.6 1974 1,496.9 3,888.2 1,054.2 2,847.0 155.2 391.1 379.3 1,338 329 213.9 69.6 62.8 61.0 1975 1,630.6 3,865.1 1,159.2 2,895.0 152.6 352.0 346.1 1,160 213 216.0 63.4 56.5 52.2 1976 1,819.0 4,081.1 1,273.0 3,008.0 172.1 378.7 362.4 1,538 246 218.0 69.3 62.3 58.3 1977 2,026.9 4,279.3 1,401.4 3,105.1 200.5 408.5 385.7 1,987 277 220.2 74.9 67.7 65.2 1978 2,291.4 4,493.7 1,580.1 3,264.2 239.9 439.1 404.9 2,020 276 222.6 79.3 71.9 71.2 1979 2,557.5 4,624.0 1,769.5 3,353.9 272.9 446.5 417.2 1,745 277 225.1 82.0 74.8 72.9 1980 2,784.2 4,611.9 1,973.3 3,373.3 273.9 403.9 476.1 1,292 222 227.7 79.7 72.8 71.1 1981 3,115.9 4,724.9 2,200.2 3,452.3 289.1 396.3 506.5 1,084 241 230.0 81.0 74.2 71.7 1982 3,242.1 4,623.6 2,347.3 3,483.0 279.3 369.1 484.4 1,062 240 232.2 76.7 70.8 68.2 1983 3,514.5 4,810.0 2,522.4 3,579.9 311.6 403.9 462.9 1,703 296 234.3 79.5 74.8 77.2 1984 3,902.4 5,138.2 2,810.0 3,842.0 369.0 463.1 522.0 1,750 295 236.3 86.6 82.5 87.6 1985 4,180.7 5,329.5 3,002.0 3,958.6 401.4 490.9 541.4 1,742 284 238.5 88.0 84.7 90.0 1986 4,422.2 5,489.9 3,187.6 4,087.0 429.9 507.3 513.2 1,805 244 240.7 89.0 87.2 93.8 1987 4,692.3 5,648.4 3,363.1 4,154.1 441.6 502.5 506.1 1,621 233 242.8 93.2 92.4 99.7 1988 5,049.6 5,862.9 3,640.8 4,318.1 455.6 499.6 535.5 1,488 218 245.0 97.4 96.8 105.8 1989 5,438.7 6,060.4 3,894.5 4,403.7 469.8 495.4 540.0 1,376 198 247.3 99.1 98.3 109.6 1990 5,743.8 6,138.7 4,166.8 4,484.6 468.5 479.0 656.1 1,193 188 249.9 98.9 98.1 105.7 1991 5,916.7 6,079.0 4,343.7 4,486.5 424.2 429.6 618.1 1,014 171 252.7 97.0 95.9 99.0 1992 6,244.4 6,244.4 4,613.7 4,613.7 452.1 452.0 630.6 1,200 211 255.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 1993 6,553.0 6,386.4 4,790.2 4,666.9 482.7 465.0 658.6 1,288 254 258.1 103.4 103.8 109.0 1994 6,935.7 6,608.7 5,021.7 4,778.2 519.5 480.6 688.8 1,457 304 260.7 109.1 110.6 110.9 1995 7,253.8 6,742.9 5,320.8 4,945.8 538.1 478.1 726.0 1,354 340 263.0 114.4 114.5 111.6 1996 7,575.9 6,907.4 5,588.5 5,088.2 583.6 506.7 780.8 1,475 363 265.5 119.4 118.3 108.9 1997 8,110.9 7,269.8 5,886.6 5,222.7 618.2 520.1 837.4 1,474 354 267.9 127.1 126.8 122.5 1998 8,511.0 7,551.9 6,027.8 5,348.5 655.4 538.4 918.6 1,617 373 270.3 132.4 131.4 121.4 1999 9,254.6 8,867.1 6,639.2 6,361.2 705.1 555.7 964.9 1,663 349 273.2 137.2 137.2 125.8 

aU.S. Council of Economic Advisors (30,31).bU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (58).cU.S. Council of Economic Advisors (30).dU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (46); Privately owned housing starts and manufacturers' shipments of mobile homes.eU.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors (66). fU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

Index of industrial productio

Gross domestic

producta

Expenditures for

new constructionb incomea

Disposable personal
18 

Table 2—Number of households and housing market indicators, 1965–1999

Number New home Expenditures

 of mortgage One family Multifamily Mobile homes for residential

house- interest Total Total Number Floor Number Floor Number Floor upkeep and

Year holdsa ratesb units startsc startsd areae startsd areae shipmentsd areae improvementsf

Average Average Average Million Million

Average Thousand Thousand Thousand square Thousand square Thousand square current 1992

Millions percent units units units feet units feet units feet dollars dollars

1965 57.4 5.81 1,727 1,510 965 1,498 545 1,053 217 650 11,442 52,009

1966 58.4 6.25 1,413 1,196 780 1,544 416 1,076 217 660 11,691 50,830

1967 59.2 6.46 1,562 1,322 845 1,585 477 1,094 240 670 11,687 49,312

1968 60.8 6.97 1,863 1,545 900 1,642 645 1,123 318 670 12,703 50,812

1969 62.2 7.81 1,913 1,500 811 1,616 689 1,095 413 684 13,535 50,504

1970 63.4 8.45 1,870 1,469 815 1,482 654 995 401 732 14,770 52,007

1971 64.8 7.74 2,582 2,085 1,153 1,520 932 1,011 497 780 16,299 53,792

1972 66.7 7.60 2,955 2,379 1,311 1,555 1,068 1,035 576 780 17,498 54,342

1973 68.3 7.96 2,625 2,058 1,133 1,660 925 1,031 567 882 18,512 52,891

1974 69.9 8.92 1,682 1,353 889 1,695 464 1,021 329 910 21,114 53,184

1975 71.1 9.00 1,384 1,171 896 1,645 275 1,000 213 952 25,239 58,154

1976 72.9 9.00 1,794 1,548 1,166 1,700 382 940 246 966 29,034 63,811

1977 74.1 9.02 2,279 2,002 1,451 1,720 551 938 277 1,000 31,280 63,707

1978 76.0 9.56 2,312 2,036 1,433 1,755 603 902 276 1,010 37,461 68,610

1979 77.3 10.78 2,037 1,760 1,194 1,760 566 938 277 1,050 42,231 69,118

1980 80.8 12.66 1,535 1,313 852 1,740 461 979 222 1,050 46,338 68,345

1981 82.4 14.70 1,341 1,100 705 1,720 395 980 241 1,015 46,351 63,582

1982 83.5 15.14 1,312 1,072 663 1,710 409 990 240 1,000 45,291 59,830

1983 83.9 12.57 2,009 1,713 1,068 1,725 645 942 296 1,035 49,295 63,936

1984 85.4 12.38 2,051 1,756 1,084 1,780 672 914 295 1,060 70,597 88,578

1985 86.8 11.55 2,029 1,745 1,072 1,785 673 922 284 1,080 82,127 100,400

1986 88.5 10.17 2,049 1,805 1,179 1,825 626 911 244 1,110 94,329 111,237

1987 89.5 9.31 1,854 1,621 1,146 1,905 475 980 233 1,140 98,413 111,959

1988 91.1 9.19 1,706 1,488 1,081 1,995 407 990 218 1,175 106,864 117,176

1989 92.8 10.13 1,574 1,376 1,003 2,035 373 1,000 198 1,195 108,054 113,981

1990 93.3 10.05 1,381 1,193 895 2,080 298 1,005 188 1,205 115,432 118,029

1991 94.3 9.32 1,185 1,014 840 2,075 174 1,020 171 1,225 107,692 109,111

1992 94.6 8.24 1,411 1,200 1,030 2,095 170 1,040 211 1,255 115,569 115,569

1993 95.3 7.20 1,542 1,288 1,126 2,095 162 1,065 254 1,295 121,899 117,436

1994 96.0 7.49 1,761 1,457 1,198 2,100 259 1,035 304 1,330 130,625 120,837

1995 97.3 7.87 1,694 1,354 1,076 2,095 278 1,080 340 1,355 124,971 110,987

1996 98.7 7.80 1,838 1,475 1,161 2,120 314 1,070 363 1,380 131,362 114,035

1997 99.9 7.71 1,828 1,474 1,134 2,150 340 1,095 354 1,420 133,577 112,344

1998 101.0 7.07 1,990 1,617 1,271 2,190 346 1,065 373 1,450 133,693 109,405

1999 102.2g 7.04 2,012 1,663 1,332 2,225 331 1,105 349 1,472g 142,900 113,412g

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (50). 1992 - 1997 numbers were revised.

b

U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (31; Effective rate (in the primary market) on conventional mortgages, reflecting fees and charges as well as contract

 rate and assumed, on the average, repayment at the end of 10 years). Rates beginning 1973 not strictly comparable with prior years. c

Data for privately owned housing starts from 1986 to present.

d

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (46, 48, 58); U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (61).

e

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service estimates based on data from the Manufactured Housing Institute; U.S. Department of Commerce, 

 Bureau of the Census, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (59).

f

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (53). 1984 - 1997 numbers were revised.

g

Preliminary

New housing units

New housing starts
Table 3—Average hourly earningsa in timber-based industries and all manufacturing in the United States, 1972–1999b

Lumber and Logging camps Millwork, plywood, 

wood products and logging Sawmills and and structural Paper and allied Furniture and

Year except furniture contractors planing mills members products fixtures 

U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index 

dollars 1992=100 dollars 1992=100 dollars 1992=100 dollars 1992=100 dollars 1992=100 dollars 1992=100 

1972 3.33 35.3 4.25 38.0 3.29 34.3 3.37 35.5 3.95 30.2 3.08 34.2 1973 3.61 38.2 4.56 40.8 3.62 37.7 3.62 38.2 4.20 32.1 3.29 36.5 1974 3.89 41.2 4.91 44.0 3.88 40.5 3.91 41.2 4.53 34.7 3.53 39.2 1975 4.26 45.1 5.28 47.3 4.34 45.3 4.26 44.9 5.01 38.3 3.78 42.0 1976 4.72 50.0 6.03 54.0 4.86 50.7 4.67 49.3 5.47 41.9 4.34 48.2 1977 5.10 54.0 6.58 58.9 5.28 55.1 5.04 53.2 5.96 45.6 4.34 48.2 1978 5.60 59.3 7.25 64.9 5.83 60.8 5.55 58.5 6.52 49.9 4.68 51.9 1979 6.07 64.3 7.97 71.4 6.32 65.9 5.95 62.8 7.13 54.6 5.06 56.2 1980 6.55 69.4 8.64 77.4 6.70 69.9 6.41 67.6 7.84 60.0 5.49 60.9 1981 6.99 74.0 9.11 81.6 7.19 75.0 6.89 72.7 8.60 65.8 5.91 65.6 1982 7.43 78.7 9.79 87.6 7.73 80.6 7.33 77.3 9.32 71.3 6.31 70.0 1983 7.80 82.6 10.17 91.0 8.20 85.5 7.64 80.6 9.93 76.0 6.62 73.5 1984 8.03 85.1 10.70 95.8 8.42 87.8 7.81 82.4 10.41 79.6 6.84 75.9 1985 8.22 87.1 10.92 97.8 8.52 88.8 8.06 85.0 10.83 82.9 7.17 79.6 1986 8.34 88.3 10.82 96.9 8.58 89.5 8.23 86.8 11.18 85.5 7.46 82.8 1987 8.40 89.0 10.68 95.6 8.58 89.5 8.35 88.1 11.43 87.5 7.67 85.1 1988 8.61 91.2 10.78 96.5 8.75 91.2 8.55 90.2 11.69 89.4 7.94 88.1 1989 8.84 93.6 11.13 99.6 9.03 94.2 8.73 92.1 11.96 91.5 8.25 91.6 1990 9.08 96.2 11.22 100.4 9.22 96.1 9.04 95.4 12.31 94.2 8.52 94.6 1991 9.24 97.9 11.06 99.0 9.37 97.7 9.28 97.9 12.72 97.3 5.76 63.9 1992 9.44 100.0 11.17 100.0 9.59 100.0 9.48 100.0 13.07 100.0 9.01 100.0 1993 9.61 101.8 11.37 101.8 9.78 102.0 9.65 101.8 13.42 102.7 9.27 102.9 1994 9.84 104.2 11.44 102.4 10.05 104.8 9.89 104.3 13.77 105.4 9.55 106.0 1995 10.12 107.2 11.64 104.2 10.31 107.5 10.12 106.8 14.23 108.9 9.82 109.0 1996 10.44 110.6 11.76 105.3 10.59 110.4 10.51 110.9 14.68 112.3 10.15 112.7 1997 10.76 114.0 12.16 108.9 10.85 113.1 10.89 114.9 15.06 115.2 10.55 117.1 1998 11.10 117.6 12.48 111.7 11.12 116.0 11.25 118.7 15.51 118.7 10.90 121.0 1999 11.46 121.4 13.24 118.5 11.40 118.9 11.59 122.3 15.97 122.2 11.23 124.6 

aFor production or nonsupervisory workers.bU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (60,63).
20 

Table 4—Average employment in lumber producing and lumber dependent industries in the United States, in thousand people, 1972–1999

Wood Lumber, Lumber

Sawmills Wood buildings Misc. plywood, and other Residen

and planning kitchen Wood and mobile wood and building buildin

Year Logging mills, general Millwork cabinets containers homes products millwork materials construc

1972 69.0 182.0 78.5 38.1 45.8 110.5 86.3 N/A 268.3 577.6 1973 75.9 185.9 83.3 41.9 47.5 115.0 91.1 N/A 286.1 594.2 1974 80.7 191.3 75.1 38.5 46.3 82.2 90.0 N/A 287.6 576.0 1975 73.5 169.6 67.6 31.5 38.9 63.1 78.1 N/A 267.9 479.9 1976 81.5 184.4 75.2 36.9 41.2 71.4 84.5 N/A 283.4 513.8 1977 84.2 189.3 80.8 44.2 42.0 82.1 87.0 N/A 302.1 578.1 1978 84.8 192.3 85.5 50.0 44.4 87.3 91.3 N/A 325.5 637.3 1979 88.5 196.4 84.5 54.1 46.9 83.4 92.7 N/A 337.5 625.1 1980 87.5 178.2 76.3 48.4 42.5 65.6 87.9 N/A 325.3 554.3 1981 82.1 168.4 74.8 47.0 41.2 66.7 87.5 N/A 315.1 508.1 1982 75.4 148.1 70.4 42.0 37.6 60.0 78.9 77.2 298.3 446.9 1983 82.9 160.3 81.1 48.7 37.8 69.3 81.2 83.1 320.9 492.9 1984 87.5 166.5 90.3 57.0 41.0 73.5 84.4 92.9 346.8 578.9 1985 84.4 160.2 95.0 60.4 40.9 72.0 83.3 97.2 363.2 622.6 1986 84.1 158.3 100.9 65.4 40.8 69.4 84.2 100.1 380.4 665.4 1987 85.4 163.7 109.0 70.8 41.9 69.0 87.4 106.5 412.8 692.3 1988 88.0 165.8 111.7 72.7 43.8 68.0 89.8 116.2 436.6 710.6 1989 86.9 163.2 109.6 73.6 44.7 64.4 87.3 119.4 441.0 680.9 1990 84.6 160.1 106.6 72.3 45.1 59.4 84.8 117.9 432.8 642.8 1991 78.7 148.0 97.9 64.6 44.0 54.1 80.2 109.7 417.1 553.7 1992 78.7 144.6 100.3 65.7 43.5 56.4 80.8 110.1 429.3 528.2 1993 81.1 145.2 103.3 68.8 45.9 64.2 83.8 113.1 450.6 560.8 1994 82.1 150.3 110.2 74.7 49.3 73.5 87.7 119.5 491.9 604.7 1995 82.5 148.0 111.4 76.0 51.2 81.4 87.8 123.5 512.6 608.8 1996 80.7 143.5 113.9 78.4 52.4 89.1 88.6 126.0 535.2 642.0 1997 82.2 144.6 117.4 81.4 54.5 93.4 89.1 130.0 562.6 672.5 1998 80.0 144.1 121.4 87.6 55.8 99.7 87.6 134.3 576.7 706.1 1999 79.0 141.7 124.8 95.6 56.8 102.9 85.4 142.2 612.3 767.3 

aU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (60,63).

Lumber producing Lumber dependent
Table 5a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent)a

Industrial roundwood use

Other 

industrial 

All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products products, 

 production 

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc 

1965 12,153 13,196 11,231 1,604 554 12,281 6,233 823 148 6,908 1,071 69 3 1,137 3,176 701 213 3,665 560 1966 12,382 13,403 11,520 1,679 641 12,558 6,222 826 182 6,867 1,118 82 4 1,196 3,392 755 232 3,915 565 1967 12,160 12,952 11,333 1,612 772 12,172 6,037 809 197 6,648 1,100 81 7 1,175 3,365 709 253 3,822 515 1968 12,584 13,414 11,784 1,807 877 12,714 6,112 966 181 6,897 1,237 124 6 1,355 3,539 705 280 3,964 485 1969 12,583 13,480 11,818 1,944 901 12,860 5,965 1,000 182 6,783 1,153 138 16 1,275 3,861 792 320 4,333 455 1970 12,536 13,222 11,851 1,896 1,061 12,687 5,768 966 197 6,537 1,197 133 12 1,318 4,023 773 413 4,383 425 1971 12,737 13,827 12,114 2,107 894 13,327 6,182 1,203 184 7,201 1,378 166 8 1,535 3,773 725 336 4,162 415 1972 13,088 14,248 12,456 2,388 1,070 13,773 6,339 1,485 232 7,592 1,512 206 18 1,700 3,698 690 317 4,070 405 1973 13,426 14,409 12,705 2,404 1,204 13,904 6,490 1,505 327 7,667 1,496 165 34 1,628 3,775 729 305 4,199 405 1974 12,806 13,493 12,031 2,086 1,159 12,958 5,826 1,145 297 6,673 1,287 107 45 1,349 4,100 822 393 4,529 395 1975 11,672 12,070 10,904 1,664 1,068 11,500 5,471 953 263 6,160 1,277 125 64 1,338 3,345 572 314 3,602 385 1976 12,948 13,639 12,103 2,130 1,193 13,039 6,026 1,307 295 7,038 1,466 154 59 1,561 3,715 655 319 4,052 375 1977 13,790 14,951 12,530 2,510 1,089 13,951 6,461 1,689 268 7,882 1,552 148 26 1,673 3,641 648 304 3,985 385 1978 14,680 16,129 12,930 2,857 1,183 14,604 6,586 1,939 304 8,221 1,586 167 25 1,729 3,817 735 309 4,243 395 1979 15,706 16,815 13,221 2,769 1,381 14,610 6,516 1,819 366 7,969 1,541 137 32 1,646 4,136 792 359 4,568 405 1980 15,464 16,113 12,081 2,395 1,469 13,008 5,623 1,530 407 6,745 1,272 81 30 1,323 4,250 765 510 4,505 415 1981 14,867 15,682 11,467 2,342 1,307 12,502 5,158 1,493 397 6,254 1,284 99 53 1,330 4,195 734 452 4,476 425 1982 14,861 15,746 11,328 2,371 1,309 12,391 5,133 1,418 332 6,219 1,229 122 35 1,317 4,019 698 429 4,288 435 1983 16,282 17,619 12,891 2,926 1,432 14,384 6,121 1,815 384 7,551 1,495 179 44 1,630 4,270 766 444 4,592 445 1984 17,133 18,827 13,368 3,189 1,349 15,207 6,491 1,975 350 8,116 1,494 161 28 1,627 4,370 880 412 4,838 455 1985 16,994 18,840 13,400 3,366 1,376 15,390 6,404 2,184 317 8,271 1,485 194 25 1,654 4,432 918 419 4,931 465 1986 17,891 19,552 14,644 3,351 1,538 16,456 7,105 2,119 394 8,830 1,598 199 45 1,751 4,881 972 514 5,338 475 1987 18,619 20,179 15,385 3,473 1,755 17,103 7,611 2,173 510 9,274 1,639 240 57 1,823 4,982 1,012 531 5,463 495 1988 18,902 19,921 15,618 3,343 2,106 16,855 7,667 2,050 704 9,014 1,598 201 72 1,728 5,075 1,021 563 5,533 510 1989 18,763 19,800 15,722 3,420 2,383 16,759 7,541 2,228 655 9,115 1,454 114 97 1,471 5,149 1,022 608 5,564 555 1990 18,596 19,380 15,577 3,091 2,307 16,361 7,317 1,909 589 8,637 1,423 97 109 1,410 5,313 1,038 646 5,704 562 1991 17,922 18,338 14,894 2,808 2,393 15,310 6,746 1,714 619 7,841 1,267 83 95 1,255 5,397 969 746 5,620 551 1992 18,324 19,070 15,280 3,090 2,344 16,026 6,983 1,960 561 8,383 1,294 100 106 1,288 5,516 992 801 5,706 610 1993 18,095 19,418 15,011 3,465 2,143 16,334 6,887 2,240 532 8,595 1,293 100 100 1,293 5,423 1,065 724 5,764 621 1994 18,440 19,934 15,306 3,632 2,139 16,800 7,052 2,395 512 8,935 1,320 94 86 1,328 5,576 1,102 758 5,920 576 1995 18,367 20,019 15,430 3,917 2,265 17,082 6,815 2,522 460 8,877 1,303 107 89 1,321 5,972 1,226 888 6,310 513 1996 17,997 19,658 15,258 3,899 2,239 16,918 6,886 2,616 449 9,053 1,281 97 87 1,291 5,753 1,114 865 6,002 500 1997 17,332 19,061 14,790 3,864 2,136 16,519 7,103 2,619 452 9,270 1,213 114 103 1,224 5,183 1,063 775 5,472 485 1998 17,422 19,588 14,899 3,979 1,812 17,065 7,298 2,690 350 9,638 1,201 131 55 1,276 5,187 1,082 679 5,590 485 1999 17,574 19,980 15,032 4,231 1,825 17,438 7,629 2,810 404 10,035 1,208 160 46 1,322 4,962 1,167 627 5,503 485 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised. bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.
22 

Table 5b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood equivalent)a

Industrial roundwood use

Other 

industrial 

All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products products, Log

 production 

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports p

1965 344,143 373,660 318,023 45,417 15,690 347,750 176,489 23,312 4,185 195,616 30,318 1,941 74 32,184 89,947 19,855 6,018 103,784 15,858 308 51966 350,633 379,523 326,215 47,531 18,150 355,595 176,197 23,391 5,149 194,440 31,666 2,318 117 33,867 96,051 21,389 6,583 110,857 15,999 433 61967 344,323 366,754 320,906 45,634 21,874 344,666 170,941 22,899 5,592 188,248 31,162 2,300 196 33,266 95,287 20,087 7,153 108,221 14,583 349 81968 356,353 379,833 333,681 51,174 24,844 360,011 173,064 27,342 5,118 195,289 35,037 3,498 161 38,374 100,213 19,977 7,933 112,257 13,734 358 111969 356,322 381,708 334,636 55,038 25,523 364,152 168,918 28,310 5,150 192,078 32,645 3,916 453 36,107 109,334 22,441 9,064 122,711 12,884 371 101970 354,989 374,394 335,582 53,692 30,030 359,245 163,340 27,362 5,580 185,122 33,888 3,778 349 37,316 113,906 21,899 11,686 124,118 12,035 654 121971 360,666 391,525 343,024 59,663 25,320 377,367 175,057 34,070 5,208 203,918 39,017 4,692 238 43,471 106,831 20,520 9,506 117,845 11,752 380 101972 370,602 403,475 352,707 67,607 30,290 390,024 179,490 42,063 6,565 214,988 42,814 5,831 519 48,125 104,705 19,536 8,977 115,264 11,468 178 141973 380,187 408,032 359,759 68,077 34,104 393,732 183,771 42,609 9,273 217,108 42,362 4,678 949 46,091 106,910 20,639 8,635 118,913 11,468 152 151974 362,624 382,083 340,669 59,075 32,810 366,934 164,968 32,416 8,422 188,962 36,439 3,039 1,281 38,197 116,108 23,272 11,138 128,242 11,185 347 11975 330,517 341,782 308,782 47,111 30,252 325,642 154,926 26,976 7,458 174,445 36,162 3,551 1,812 37,901 94,712 16,197 8,903 102,006 10,902 387 11976 366,646 386,211 342,707 60,305 33,791 369,221 170,639 37,008 8,364 199,282 41,524 4,369 1,681 44,213 105,204 18,559 9,026 114,738 10,619 370 141977 390,498 423,360 354,805 71,081 30,843 395,043 182,953 47,833 7,581 223,205 43,942 4,194 748 47,388 103,103 18,354 8,610 112,847 10,902 700 131978 415,695 456,734 366,142 80,904 33,495 413,551 186,505 54,918 8,616 232,807 44,923 4,729 694 48,957 108,088 20,818 8,743 120,163 11,185 439 151979 444,746 476,145 374,387 78,412 39,093 413,706 184,521 51,509 10,366 225,665 43,636 3,873 903 46,605 117,110 22,428 10,172 129,365 11,468 602 171980 437,907 456,262 342,098 67,830 41,590 368,338 159,213 43,313 11,536 190,989 36,014 2,285 847 37,452 120,349 21,654 14,436 127,567 11,752 578 141981 420,999 444,066 324,708 66,313 37,003 354,018 146,058 42,289 11,242 177,105 36,358 2,793 1,492 37,659 118,778 20,772 12,790 126,760 12,035 458 11982 420,827 445,879 320,788 67,147 37,060 350,875 145,341 40,156 9,405 176,092 34,805 3,464 989 37,280 113,793 19,761 12,134 121,419 12,318 530 141983 461,059 498,920 365,027 82,848 40,561 407,314 173,314 51,405 10,888 213,831 42,326 5,067 1,233 46,160 120,923 21,679 12,577 130,025 12,601 747 151984 485,150 533,137 378,548 90,290 38,209 430,629 183,798 55,939 9,905 229,832 42,297 4,559 797 46,060 123,739 24,923 11,677 136,985 12,884 665 151985 481,222 533,487 379,447 95,301 38,955 435,794 181,337 61,854 8,968 234,222 42,040 5,500 701 46,839 125,496 26,003 11,878 139,621 13,167 450 171986 506,607 553,652 414,662 94,885 43,565 465,983 201,204 60,002 11,156 250,050 45,242 5,626 1,282 49,585 138,208 27,517 14,568 151,157 13,451 356 161987 527,233 571,408 435,647 98,353 49,695 484,305 215,532 61,528 14,451 262,609 46,423 6,802 1,605 51,620 141,062 28,653 15,026 154,689 14,017 374 181988 535,238 564,097 442,251 94,667 59,640 477,277 217,114 58,052 19,922 255,244 45,262 5,703 2,042 48,923 143,700 28,921 15,944 156,676 14,442 309 21989 531,325 560,690 445,213 96,851 67,486 474,578 213,540 63,097 18,534 258,103 41,164 3,242 2,755 41,650 145,805 28,952 17,208 157,549 15,716 178 21990 526,583 548,777 441,094 87,520 65,326 463,288 207,204 54,070 16,689 244,585 40,292 2,733 3,093 39,933 150,436 29,391 18,297 161,530 15,914 105 191991 507,507 519,272 421,763 79,516 67,751 433,528 191,026 48,522 17,522 222,025 35,885 2,344 2,681 35,548 152,827 27,436 21,126 159,137 15,603 62 171992 518,880 539,993 432,683 87,501 66,388 453,796 197,751 55,510 15,891 237,370 36,653 2,832 3,001 36,485 156,204 28,080 22,695 161,590 17,273 197 141993 512,395 549,850 425,065 98,131 60,676 462,521 195,024 63,426 15,072 243,378 36,628 2,827 2,837 36,618 153,560 30,160 20,499 163,222 17,585 425 131994 522,177 564,466 433,431 102,847 60,557 475,721 199,684 67,821 14,493 253,012 37,378 2,657 2,436 37,599 157,888 31,215 21,457 167,646 16,311 500 121995 520,092 566,878 436,936 110,925 64,139 483,722 192,973 71,427 13,024 251,375 36,883 3,035 2,515 37,403 169,099 34,723 25,145 178,677 14,527 364 121996 509,620 556,643 432,051 110,413 63,390 479,074 194,991 74,081 12,710 256,362 36,275 2,752 2,458 36,570 162,899 31,547 24,494 169,951 14,159 521 11997 490,781 539,738 418,799 109,428 60,471 467,756 201,132 74,168 12,806 262,494 34,357 3,234 2,930 34,660 146,774 30,112 21,933 154,954 13,734 578 101998 493,335 554,682 421,891 112,669 51,322 483,238 206,656 76,169 9,917 272,908 33,999 3,700 1,553 36,146 146,881 30,628 19,231 158,278 13,734 839 81999 497,641 565,766 425,659 119,802 51,677 493,784 216,032 79,568 11,438 284,162 34,199 4,537 1,316 37,421 140,518 33,047 17,747 155,818 13,734 1,333 9

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.
Table 6a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (million cubic feet, roundwood 

Industrial roundwood use

Other 

industrial 

All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products products, 

 production 

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- I

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc p

1965 8,499 9,331 8,319 1,297 465 9,151 4,583 771 130 5,223 945 14 2 957 2,313 510 155 2,668 300 1966 8,646 9,442 8,476 1,325 529 9,272 4,514 756 147 5,123 990 17 4 1,003 2,451 546 168 2,829 310 1967 8,592 9,235 8,432 1,296 653 9,075 4,408 756 163 5,002 981 16 6 991 2,458 518 184 2,791 285 1968 9,096 9,788 8,956 1,462 770 9,648 4,583 913 163 5,333 1,111 25 5 1,131 2,602 518 206 2,914 265 1969 9,029 9,788 8,904 1,542 783 9,663 4,437 930 164 5,202 1,035 29 15 1,049 2,812 577 233 3,155 250 1970 9,206 9,821 9,101 1,545 929 9,716 4,309 914 180 5,044 1,082 27 9 1,099 3,052 587 313 3,326 230 1971 9,402 10,348 9,302 1,706 759 10,248 4,702 1,133 149 5,686 1,253 33 7 1,278 2,760 530 245 3,045 230 1972 9,659 10,681 9,569 1,948 926 10,591 4,849 1,416 197 6,068 1,379 42 17 1,404 2,623 489 225 2,887 230 1973 9,779 10,679 9,679 1,954 1,053 10,579 4,947 1,418 293 6,072 1,374 34 31 1,377 2,603 501 210 2,894 235 1974 9,103 9,795 8,993 1,669 977 9,685 4,341 1,075 263 5,154 1,190 22 41 1,171 2,823 565 270 3,118 235 1975 8,551 8,969 8,431 1,346 928 8,849 4,189 900 229 4,861 1,198 25 59 1,164 2,393 409 225 2,577 235 1976 9,511 10,226 9,381 1,760 1,045 10,096 4,624 1,255 261 5,618 1,382 32 54 1,360 2,630 463 225 2,868 240 1977 9,899 11,099 9,709 2,146 946 10,909 4,966 1,637 233 6,370 1,460 31 22 1,469 2,566 456 214 2,808 240 1978 10,185 11,613 9,900 2,425 997 11,328 5,009 1,870 235 6,644 1,495 37 22 1,509 2,629 505 212 2,922 240 1979 10,506 11,679 10,096 2,355 1,182 11,269 4,877 1,749 296 6,330 1,452 29 30 1,451 2,920 558 253 3,225 245 1980 9,563 10,414 8,988 2,061 1,210 9,839 4,011 1,477 320 5,168 1,194 18 27 1,185 3,041 547 365 3,223 245 1981 9,200 10,135 8,610 1,991 1,056 9,545 3,839 1,441 310 4,971 1,209 21 49 1,181 2,937 514 317 3,134 245 1982 9,009 9,930 8,389 2,018 1,097 9,310 3,726 1,387 268 4,845 1,134 25 32 1,127 2,782 476 298 2,960 248 1983 10,122 11,419 9,527 2,469 1,172 10,824 4,577 1,780 298 6,060 1,391 39 41 1,389 2,767 488 291 2,964 249 1984 10,351 11,947 9,716 2,690 1,094 11,312 4,715 1,931 258 6,389 1,390 36 26 1,401 2,821 555 271 3,105 250 1985 10,334 12,005 9,729 2,803 1,132 11,400 4,713 2,132 246 6,599 1,392 46 22 1,415 2,772 561 267 3,066 256 1986 11,109 12,646 10,591 2,766 1,228 12,128 5,259 2,070 303 7,027 1,501 47 42 1,507 3,011 591 321 3,281 257 1987 11,748 13,184 11,235 2,843 1,408 12,671 5,629 2,103 381 7,352 1,537 62 53 1,546 3,158 632 341 3,449 277 1988 11,796 12,884 11,288 2,743 1,654 12,376 5,603 1,992 495 7,100 1,497 51 66 1,482 3,182 631 358 3,456 270 1989 11,672 12,693 11,169 2,873 1,853 12,190 5,423 2,164 504 7,083 1,357 30 90 1,296 3,223 628 386 3,465 294 1990 11,466 12,277 10,968 2,580 1,769 11,779 5,154 1,865 439 6,580 1,328 26 101 1,253 3,376 644 417 3,603 298 1991 10,900 11,509 10,402 2,344 1,734 11,011 4,785 1,672 455 6,002 1,178 23 83 1,118 3,433 608 483 3,558 292 1992 11,062 12,035 10,563 2,575 1,602 11,536 4,981 1,911 389 6,503 1,209 29 91 1,147 3,436 598 509 3,526 323 1993 10,592 12,041 10,090 2,878 1,429 11,539 4,745 2,180 350 6,575 1,205 29 88 1,146 3,261 611 443 3,430 329 1994 10,781 12,419 10,268 3,016 1,378 11,906 4,883 2,329 319 6,893 1,219 27 75 1,172 3,336 622 460 3,498 305 1995 10,639 12,441 10,158 3,230 1,427 11,961 4,603 2,461 276 6,788 1,195 31 77 1,149 3,548 682 534 3,696 272 1996 10,528 12,413 10,080 3,243 1,359 11,964 4,703 2,550 259 6,994 1,176 30 75 1,130 3,434 599 522 3,512 265 1997 10,596 12,531 10,180 3,267 1,333 12,114 4,886 2,541 239 7,188 1,105 35 92 1,048 3,456 634 526 3,564 257 1998 10,577 12,827 10,097 3,336 1,085 12,348 4,866 2,594 166 7,295 1,089 43 46 1,085 3,476 631 465 3,642 257 1999 10,872 13,310 10,389 3,551 1,113 12,827 5,128 2,688 198 7,618 1,092 62 37 1,118 3,486 714 452 3,748 257 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.
24 

Table 6b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood equivalen

Industrial roundwood use

Oth

indu

All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products prod

 produ

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sump

1965 240,658 264,216 235,561 36,738 13,180 259,119 129,769 21,832 3,692 147,909 26,765 396 65 27,097 65,488 14,448 4,380 75,557 8,41966 244,823 267,371 240,009 37,527 14,980 262,557 127,815 21,418 4,162 145,070 28,048 469 103 28,413 69,409 15,448 4,755 80,103 8,71967 243,308 261,508 238,777 36,702 18,502 256,977 124,829 21,419 4,605 141,642 27,784 465 181 28,068 69,601 14,665 5,223 79,043 8,01968 257,559 277,170 253,595 41,405 21,795 273,205 129,772 25,862 4,624 151,010 31,448 716 139 32,025 73,669 14,677 5,830 82,516 7,51969 255,665 277,163 252,125 43,665 22,167 273,624 125,632 26,337 4,657 147,312 29,304 808 422 29,691 79,618 16,331 6,597 89,353 7,01970 260,675 278,096 257,702 43,737 26,316 275,123 122,027 25,882 5,086 142,822 30,627 759 259 31,127 86,432 16,615 8,867 94,179 6,51971 266,223 293,034 263,392 48,295 21,484 290,203 133,148 32,096 4,222 161,023 35,470 943 212 36,201 78,161 15,003 6,951 86,213 6,51972 273,507 302,451 270,959 55,157 26,214 299,902 137,318 40,089 5,578 171,830 39,039 1,176 471 39,743 74,285 13,841 6,360 81,765 6,51973 276,906 302,408 274,074 55,332 29,830 299,576 140,075 40,143 8,286 171,932 38,917 950 873 38,994 73,697 14,200 5,940 81,957 6,61974 257,770 277,358 254,655 47,265 27,677 274,243 122,933 30,443 7,435 145,941 33,696 614 1,158 33,153 79,940 16,001 7,653 88,288 6,61975 242,142 253,962 238,744 38,108 26,289 250,564 118,620 25,496 6,471 137,645 33,926 722 1,678 32,970 67,764 11,580 6,360 72,984 6,61976 269,313 289,579 265,632 49,847 29,582 285,897 130,945 35,528 7,377 159,095 39,137 894 1,533 38,497 74,461 13,120 6,377 81,204 6,71977 280,305 314,289 274,925 60,765 26,781 308,909 140,612 46,353 6,594 180,371 41,356 869 632 41,593 72,662 12,911 6,057 79,516 6,71978 288,417 328,848 280,347 68,660 28,229 320,778 141,832 52,945 6,643 188,135 42,320 1,051 636 42,735 74,458 14,305 6,010 82,754 6,71979 297,507 330,728 285,897 66,698 33,476 319,118 138,091 49,536 8,393 179,234 41,110 819 843 41,086 82,690 15,807 7,172 91,325 6,91980 270,802 294,902 254,519 58,361 34,261 278,619 113,592 41,833 9,070 146,354 33,805 517 773 33,549 86,102 15,495 10,335 91,262 6,91981 260,526 286,998 243,819 56,378 29,906 270,291 108,722 40,809 8,775 140,756 34,233 607 1,394 33,445 83,160 14,565 8,970 88,755 6,91982 255,097 281,176 237,541 57,135 31,056 263,620 105,496 39,278 7,585 137,189 32,122 707 910 31,920 78,792 13,466 8,451 83,807 7,01983 286,618 323,338 269,770 69,915 33,195 306,489 129,618 50,418 8,446 171,590 39,385 1,092 1,150 39,327 78,352 13,810 8,241 83,921 7,01984 293,099 338,310 275,118 76,179 30,969 320,329 133,526 54,691 7,310 180,906 39,371 1,030 730 39,670 79,874 15,726 7,666 87,934 7,01985 292,616 339,944 275,485 79,379 32,052 322,812 133,445 60,374 6,965 186,854 39,408 1,290 628 40,070 78,485 15,899 7,555 86,830 7,21986 314,565 358,103 299,897 78,318 34,780 343,435 148,923 58,626 8,576 198,973 42,513 1,330 1,176 42,667 85,272 16,742 9,103 92,911 7,21987 332,674 373,327 318,148 80,512 39,859 358,801 159,408 59,555 10,781 208,182 43,534 1,747 1,496 43,785 89,420 17,903 9,645 97,677 7,81988 334,029 364,849 319,644 77,665 46,845 350,464 158,666 56,404 14,026 201,044 42,399 1,445 1,869 41,975 90,115 17,879 10,139 97,854 7,61989 330,526 359,415 316,282 81,359 52,470 345,172 153,563 61,281 14,276 200,568 38,426 842 2,556 36,712 91,266 17,781 10,940 98,108 8,31990 324,696 347,646 310,594 73,054 50,104 333,544 145,955 52,802 12,421 186,336 37,600 732 2,851 35,482 95,589 18,243 11,816 102,016 8,41991 308,641 325,900 294,539 66,362 49,104 311,798 135,498 47,333 12,875 169,955 33,366 645 2,360 31,650 97,201 17,204 13,663 100,742 8,21992 313,241 340,785 299,111 72,920 45,376 326,655 141,038 54,104 11,008 184,134 34,237 822 2,582 32,477 97,296 16,947 14,402 99,841 9,11993 299,921 340,952 285,706 81,502 40,471 326,736 134,376 61,729 9,907 186,198 34,108 813 2,480 32,441 92,349 17,298 12,532 97,115 9,31994 305,300 351,667 290,773 85,392 39,024 337,141 138,286 65,937 9,022 195,200 34,528 774 2,116 33,186 94,453 17,626 13,024 99,055 8,61995 301,270 352,300 287,658 91,450 40,421 338,687 130,344 69,679 7,809 192,214 33,845 891 2,189 32,547 100,475 19,301 15,128 104,648 7,61996 298,121 351,485 285,423 91,835 38,471 338,787 133,163 72,222 7,334 198,051 33,293 843 2,134 32,002 97,231 16,976 14,771 99,436 7,51997 300,059 354,828 288,276 92,511 37,742 343,045 138,367 71,942 6,766 203,543 31,281 994 2,597 29,679 97,859 17,952 14,890 100,920 7,21998 299,496 363,234 285,914 94,472 30,734 349,652 137,795 73,462 4,687 206,569 30,825 1,206 1,301 30,729 98,434 17,864 13,165 103,134 7,21999 307,874 376,910 294,189 100,552 31,516 363,225 145,200 76,114 5,607 215,708 30,923 1,762 1,036 31,649 98,704 20,215 12,790 106,129 7,2

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.
Table 7a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (million cubic feet, roundwood e

Other 

industrial 

Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products products, 

 production, 

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc 

1965 3,647 3,865 2,912 306 89 3,130 1,650 52 17 1,685 125 55 0 180 864 191 58 997 260 1966 3,719 3,961 3,044 353 112 3,286 1,709 70 35 1,743 128 65 0 193 941 210 65 1,086 255 1967 3,520 3,717 2,900 315 119 3,097 1,628 52 35 1,646 119 65 1 184 907 191 68 1,030 230 1968 3,388 3,625 2,828 345 108 3,065 1,529 52 17 1,564 127 98 1 224 937 187 74 1,050 220 1969 3,409 3,692 2,914 402 119 3,197 1,529 70 17 1,581 118 110 1 227 1,049 216 87 1,178 205 1970 3,180 3,401 2,750 352 131 2,971 1,459 52 17 1,494 115 107 3 219 970 187 100 1,057 195 1971 3,212 3,478 2,812 401 135 3,078 1,480 70 35 1,515 125 132 1 257 1,012 195 90 1,117 185 1972 3,272 3,568 2,887 440 144 3,183 1,489 70 35 1,524 133 164 2 296 1,074 201 92 1,183 175 1973 3,431 3,730 3,026 450 151 3,325 1,543 87 35 1,595 122 132 3 251 1,173 227 95 1,305 170 1974 3,463 3,698 3,038 417 181 3,273 1,484 70 35 1,519 97 86 4 178 1,277 257 123 1,411 160 1975 2,923 3,101 2,473 318 140 2,651 1,282 52 35 1,300 79 100 5 174 952 163 90 1,025 150 1976 3,192 3,413 2,722 369 149 2,943 1,402 52 35 1,419 84 123 5 202 1,086 192 94 1,184 135 1977 3,631 3,852 2,821 364 143 3,042 1,495 52 35 1,513 91 117 4 205 1,075 192 90 1,177 145 1978 4,270 4,516 3,030 432 186 3,276 1,578 70 70 1,578 92 130 2 220 1,188 230 97 1,321 155 1979 4,920 5,135 3,125 414 198 3,340 1,640 70 70 1,640 89 108 2 195 1,216 234 106 1,343 160 1980 5,623 5,698 3,093 334 259 3,168 1,611 52 87 1,576 78 62 3 138 1,209 218 145 1,282 170 1981 5,447 5,547 2,857 351 251 2,957 1,319 52 87 1,284 75 77 3 149 1,258 219 135 1,342 180 1982 5,675 5,816 2,940 354 212 3,081 1,407 31 64 1,374 95 97 3 189 1,236 222 130 1,328 187 1983 6,004 6,201 3,364 457 260 3,561 1,543 35 86 1,492 104 140 3 241 1,503 278 153 1,628 196 1984 6,638 6,880 3,653 498 256 3,895 1,775 44 92 1,728 103 125 2 226 1,549 325 142 1,732 205 1985 6,516 6,835 3,671 562 244 3,990 1,691 52 71 1,673 93 149 3 239 1,660 357 153 1,864 209 1986 6,631 6,906 4,053 585 310 4,328 1,846 49 91 1,804 96 152 4 244 1,869 381 193 2,057 219 1987 6,712 6,995 4,149 630 347 4,432 1,982 70 130 1,922 102 179 4 277 1,824 380 190 2,013 218 1988 6,888 7,036 4,330 600 452 4,478 2,064 58 208 1,914 101 150 6 245 1,892 390 205 2,077 240 1989 7,091 7,108 4,553 547 530 4,570 2,118 64 150 2,032 97 85 7 174 1,926 395 221 2,099 261 1990 7,130 7,103 4,609 511 538 4,582 2,163 45 151 2,057 95 71 9 157 1,937 394 229 2,102 264 1991 7,023 6,829 4,493 465 659 4,299 1,961 42 164 1,839 89 60 11 138 1,964 361 264 2,062 259 1992 7,262 7,035 4,717 515 742 4,490 2,003 50 172 1,880 85 71 15 142 2,080 393 293 2,181 287 1993 7,503 7,377 4,921 587 714 4,795 2,142 60 182 2,019 89 71 13 148 2,162 454 281 2,335 292 1994 7,659 7,515 5,038 616 760 4,894 2,168 67 193 2,042 101 67 11 156 2,240 480 298 2,422 271 1995 7,728 7,578 5,272 688 838 5,122 2,212 62 184 2,089 107 76 12 172 2,423 545 354 2,614 241 1996 7,469 7,245 5,178 656 880 4,954 2,183 66 190 2,059 105 67 11 161 2,319 515 343 2,490 235 1997 6,735 6,530 4,609 597 803 4,404 2,217 79 213 2,082 109 79 12 176 1,727 429 249 1,908 228 1998 6,845 6,761 4,802 643 727 4,718 2,432 96 185 2,343 112 88 9 191 1,711 451 214 1,947 228 1999 6,702 6,669 4,643 680 712 4,611 2,501 122 206 2,417 116 98 10 204 1,477 453 175 1,755 228 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.

Industrial roundwood use

All products Total
26 

Other 

industsri

Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products products

 productio

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptio

1965 103,275 109,444 82,462 8,679 2,510 88,631 46,720 1,480 493 47,707 3,553 1,544 10 5,087 24,458 5,407 1,638 28,227 7,362 1966 105,319 112,152 86,205 10,004 3,171 93,039 48,383 1,973 987 49,369 3,618 1,849 14 5,454 26,642 5,941 1,828 30,754 7,221 1967 99,686 105,246 82,130 8,931 3,372 87,689 46,113 1,480 987 46,606 3,378 1,835 15 5,198 25,687 5,421 1,930 29,178 6,513 1968 95,943 102,663 80,086 9,769 3,049 86,805 43,292 1,480 493 44,279 3,589 2,782 23 6,349 26,545 5,299 2,104 29,741 6,230 1969 96,528 104,545 82,511 11,373 3,356 90,528 43,286 1,973 493 44,766 3,340 3,108 32 6,416 29,716 6,110 2,467 33,359 5,805 1970 90,057 96,298 77,881 9,955 3,714 84,121 41,313 1,480 493 42,300 3,260 3,019 90 6,189 27,474 5,284 2,819 29,939 5,522 1971 90,959 98,491 79,632 11,367 3,835 87,164 41,909 1,973 987 42,895 3,547 3,749 26 7,270 28,671 5,517 2,555 31,632 5,239 1972 92,650 101,024 81,748 12,450 4,076 90,122 42,172 1,973 987 43,159 3,775 4,655 48 8,382 30,420 5,695 2,616 33,499 4,955 1973 97,153 105,624 85,684 12,745 4,274 94,156 43,696 2,467 987 45,176 3,445 3,727 76 7,097 33,213 6,438 2,695 36,956 4,814 1974 98,049 104,725 86,014 11,809 5,132 92,691 42,035 1,973 987 43,021 2,743 2,425 123 5,045 36,168 7,271 3,485 39,953 4,531 1975 82,781 87,820 70,038 9,003 3,963 75,078 36,307 1,480 987 36,800 2,236 2,829 134 4,931 26,948 4,617 2,543 29,022 4,248 1976 90,384 96,633 77,075 10,458 4,210 83,324 39,694 1,480 987 40,187 2,388 3,475 147 5,715 30,743 5,439 2,648 33,534 3,823 1977 102,816 109,071 79,880 10,316 4,062 86,134 42,341 1,480 987 42,835 2,586 3,325 116 5,795 30,441 5,443 2,553 33,331 4,106 1978 120,908 127,886 85,795 12,244 5,266 92,773 44,672 1,973 1,973 44,672 2,602 3,678 58 6,222 33,630 6,512 2,733 37,409 4,389 1979 139,320 145,417 88,491 11,714 5,617 94,588 46,431 1,973 1,973 46,431 2,526 3,054 60 5,520 34,420 6,621 3,000 38,041 4,531 1980 159,221 161,361 87,579 9,469 7,329 89,719 45,622 1,480 2,467 44,635 2,209 1,768 74 3,903 34,247 6,160 4,101 36,306 4,814 1981 154,229 157,068 80,888 9,935 7,096 83,727 37,336 1,480 2,467 36,349 2,125 2,187 98 4,214 35,618 6,207 3,820 38,005 5,097 1982 160,694 164,703 83,248 10,013 6,004 87,256 39,845 878 1,820 38,903 2,682 2,757 79 5,360 35,001 6,294 3,683 37,613 5,297 1983 170,014 175,581 95,257 12,933 7,366 100,825 43,696 987 2,442 42,241 2,941 3,975 83 6,833 42,570 7,869 4,335 46,104 5,544 1984 187,957 194,827 103,430 14,111 7,241 110,301 50,273 1,248 2,595 48,926 2,927 3,530 67 6,390 43,865 9,197 4,010 49,051 5,798 1985 184,525 193,543 103,963 15,922 6,903 112,981 47,892 1,480 2,003 47,369 2,631 4,210 73 6,768 47,011 10,103 4,324 52,791 5,925 1986 187,767 195,549 114,765 16,567 8,785 122,548 52,281 1,376 2,580 51,077 2,729 4,296 107 6,918 52,936 10,775 5,465 58,246 6,187 1987 190,075 198,080 117,499 17,841 9,836 125,504 56,124 1,973 3,670 54,427 2,889 5,055 109 7,835 51,642 10,750 5,381 57,012 6,167 1988 195,042 199,248 122,607 17,002 12,795 126,813 58,448 1,648 5,895 54,201 2,863 4,257 173 6,948 53,585 11,041 5,805 58,822 6,788 1989 200,799 201,275 128,930 15,492 15,016 129,406 59,976 1,815 4,257 57,535 2,738 2,400 199 4,939 54,539 11,171 6,268 59,442 7,386 1990 201,887 201,130 130,500 14,466 15,223 129,743 61,249 1,268 4,267 58,250 2,692 2,000 242 4,451 54,847 11,148 6,481 59,514 7,480 1991 198,866 193,372 127,224 13,154 18,648 121,730 55,528 1,189 4,647 52,070 2,519 1,699 320 3,898 55,626 10,232 7,463 58,395 7,333 1992 205,639 199,208 133,573 14,580 21,012 127,141 56,714 1,406 4,884 53,236 2,416 2,010 419 4,008 58,908 11,133 8,293 61,748 8,118 1993 212,474 208,899 139,359 16,629 20,205 135,784 60,648 1,697 5,165 57,180 2,520 2,014 357 4,177 61,211 12,863 7,967 66,107 8,265 1994 216,877 212,799 142,658 17,455 21,533 138,580 61,399 1,885 5,471 57,812 2,850 1,883 320 4,413 63,434 13,590 8,433 68,591 7,666 1995 218,822 214,578 149,279 19,475 23,718 145,035 62,629 1,748 5,216 59,161 3,038 2,145 326 4,856 68,624 15,421 10,016 74,029 6,828 1996 211,499 205,158 146,628 18,577 24,918 140,287 61,828 1,859 5,376 58,311 2,982 1,909 324 4,568 65,668 14,571 9,723 70,515 6,654 1997 190,722 184,910 130,523 16,917 22,729 124,711 62,765 2,226 6,040 58,951 3,075 2,239 334 4,981 48,916 12,161 7,043 54,033 6,455 1998 193,839 191,448 135,978 18,198 20,589 133,587 68,862 2,707 5,230 66,339 3,174 2,495 252 5,417 48,447 12,764 6,066 55,145 6,455 1999 189,767 188,855 131,470 19,249 20,161 130,558 70,832 3,453 5,831 68,454 3,276 2,775 280 5,772 41,814 12,831 4,956 49,689 6,455 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16, 69); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.

Table 7b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood 

Industrial roundwood use

All products Total
Table 8a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products in tons, by major product, 1965–1999 (million tons,a air-dry weight of wood)b

The weight of wood in products

Other 

All products Total Lumberc Plywood and veneerd Panel productse Wood pulpf industia

products

Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- productio

duc- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- and con- 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tiong tionh portsi portsj tion tion portsk portsl tion sumption

1965 152.5 162.0 139.5 16.5 7.0 149.0 53.3 5.3 0.9 57.6 8.1 0.7 0.0 8.8 4.5 0.7 0.0 5.2 36.6 9.7 2.9 43.3 33.9 1966 156.0 165.2 144.0 17.5 8.3 153.2 53.4 5.3 1.2 57.5 8.5 0.8 0.0 9.3 4.7 0.5 0.0 5.2 39.4 10.5 3.2 46.7 34.2 1967 151.5 157.6 140.5 16.7 10.6 146.6 51.7 5.2 1.3 55.6 8.3 0.8 0.1 9.1 4.7 0.5 0.0 5.2 39.0 10.0 3.6 45.4 31.2 1968 157.5 162.8 147.5 18.5 13.2 152.8 51.8 6.2 1.1 56.8 9.3 1.2 0.0 10.5 5.6 0.7 0.1 6.3 43.4 10.2 4.0 49.5 29.4 1969 156.1 162.1 147.1 19.9 14.0 153.1 50.7 6.4 1.1 56.0 8.7 1.4 0.1 10.0 6.4 0.8 0.1 7.1 45.6 11.1 4.5 52.2 27.6 1970 152.5 154.7 144.5 18.8 16.5 146.7 49.0 6.2 1.2 53.9 9.0 1.3 0.1 10.2 6.5 0.5 0.1 6.9 44.8 10.4 5.5 49.6 25.8 1971 156.4 163.0 149.4 20.8 14.2 156.0 52.1 7.7 1.2 58.6 10.3 1.7 0.1 11.9 7.8 0.8 0.1 8.4 46.1 10.4 4.8 51.7 25.2 1972 164.7 171.0 157.7 23.8 17.5 164.0 53.3 9.4 1.5 61.3 11.3 2.1 0.1 13.2 8.7 1.2 0.1 9.8 49.1 11.0 5.0 55.1 24.5 1973 169.6 174.2 162.6 24.4 19.8 167.2 54.6 9.6 2.1 62.2 11.1 1.7 0.2 12.6 9.1 1.2 0.2 10.1 50.9 11.9 5.0 57.8 24.5 1974 160.8 163.1 152.8 21.7 19.4 155.1 49.4 7.3 1.9 54.8 9.6 1.1 0.3 10.3 8.3 0.9 0.3 9.0 50.5 12.3 5.9 56.9 23.9 1975 149.4 148.6 141.4 16.9 17.6 140.6 46.0 6.1 1.7 50.3 9.4 1.3 0.5 10.2 8.1 0.3 0.2 8.2 44.2 9.0 5.0 48.3 23.3 1976 164.3 165.2 156.3 21.2 20.3 157.2 50.8 8.3 1.9 57.2 10.7 1.6 0.4 11.9 9.8 0.6 0.3 10.1 49.7 10.6 5.2 55.1 22.7 1977 177.5 182.1 163.5 24.3 19.8 168.1 54.2 10.6 1.7 63.2 11.3 1.5 0.2 12.6 11.0 0.8 0.2 11.6 51.2 11.1 5.2 57.1 23.3 1978 188.3 195.7 167.3 27.6 20.1 174.7 55.5 12.3 2.0 65.8 11.6 1.7 0.2 13.1 11.2 1.1 0.1 12.2 52.3 12.3 5.2 59.5 23.9 1979 201.6 205.2 170.6 27.1 23.5 174.2 55.5 11.6 2.4 64.7 11.4 1.4 0.2 12.6 10.9 1.0 0.2 11.8 53.3 12.8 5.8 60.3 24.5 1980 204.0 203.3 160.0 23.7 24.4 159.3 49.1 9.9 2.8 56.2 9.7 0.8 0.2 10.2 9.0 0.7 0.1 9.6 53.8 12.1 8.0 57.8 25.2 1981 197.6 199.9 152.6 23.3 21.0 154.9 43.9 9.5 2.7 50.7 9.9 1.0 0.4 10.5 8.9 0.7 0.3 9.4 53.8 11.9 7.3 58.3 25.8 1982 198.6 200.1 151.6 22.1 20.7 153.1 43.9 8.9 2.2 50.6 9.6 1.2 0.3 10.6 8.3 0.8 0.1 9.0 52.2 11.0 6.9 56.3 26.4 1983 213.9 219.2 168.9 27.4 22.1 174.2 52.4 11.5 2.6 61.3 11.7 1.8 0.3 13.2 11.3 1.2 0.1 12.4 54.9 12.5 7.4 60.0 27.0 1984 229.2 238.8 178.2 30.8 21.3 187.8 56.8 12.8 2.4 67.1 12.0 1.7 0.2 13.4 11.6 1.4 0.1 12.8 59.0 14.6 7.1 66.5 27.6 1985 224.0 234.9 175.0 32.8 21.9 185.9 56.0 14.2 2.2 68.0 12.1 2.0 0.2 13.9 11.5 1.4 0.3 12.6 55.1 14.9 7.1 62.9 28.2 1986 229.4 239.7 185.4 34.0 23.7 195.7 62.3 13.9 2.7 73.5 13.2 2.1 0.4 14.9 11.8 1.5 0.3 13.0 57.4 15.5 8.4 64.5 28.8 1987 239.0 248.4 196.0 36.0 26.6 205.4 67.4 14.5 3.6 78.3 13.7 2.6 0.5 15.8 12.0 1.5 0.4 13.1 59.8 16.7 9.0 67.5 30.0 1988 244.9 248.4 201.9 35.5 32.0 205.4 68.2 13.7 5.2 76.7 13.6 2.2 0.6 15.2 12.1 1.3 0.5 12.9 61.0 17.2 9.8 68.5 30.9 1989 248.7 250.7 205.7 35.4 33.4 207.7 68.2 15.1 4.7 78.6 13.0 1.3 0.9 13.4 12.7 1.0 0.6 13.1 61.6 17.0 10.5 68.1 33.6 1990 246.4 246.4 204.4 32.9 32.9 204.4 66.7 13.0 4.3 75.3 12.8 1.1 1.0 13.0 12.7 1.0 0.8 12.9 62.3 17.1 11.1 68.3 34.1 1991 239.9 235.6 196.9 30.2 34.5 192.6 61.3 11.6 4.6 68.3 11.6 1.0 0.9 11.7 12.7 0.8 0.9 12.7 62.5 16.1 12.8 65.8 33.4 1992 247.4 244.9 204.4 32.7 35.2 201.9 63.4 13.3 4.2 72.5 11.9 1.2 1.0 12.1 14.2 0.9 1.1 13.9 63.3 16.8 14.2 65.8 37.0 1993 247.1 251.2 204.1 36.8 32.7 208.2 63.1 15.3 4.0 74.4 12.1 1.2 0.9 12.3 14.6 1.0 1.2 14.4 63.5 18.4 13.3 68.5 37.6 1994 249.7 255.0 205.7 39.1 33.7 211.0 64.8 16.4 4.0 77.3 12.5 1.1 0.8 12.8 15.1 1.6 1.5 15.2 65.1 19.3 14.3 70.1 34.9 1995 244.9 250.4 200.9 41.5 36.0 206.4 63.2 17.3 3.6 76.9 12.5 1.3 0.9 13.0 15.0 1.6 1.7 14.9 65.1 20.3 15.9 69.5 31.1 1996 246.3 250.5 202.3 40.9 36.7 206.5 64.1 18.2 3.6 78.7 12.5 1.2 0.8 12.8 16.7 1.7 1.7 16.7 64.4 18.7 16.3 66.9 30.3 1997 248.7 254.9 204.7 43.5 37.3 210.9 66.1 18.3 3.7 80.7 12.1 1.4 1.0 12.4 17.0 1.9 1.5 17.3 66.4 20.9 17.4 69.9 29.4 1998 249.6 261.3 205.5 43.9 32.2 217.2 68.6 18.9 2.9 84.6 12.1 1.6 0.6 13.1 17.4 1.9 1.1 18.2 65.4 20.5 15.1 70.8 29.4 1999 253.1 269.3 208.6 48.9 32.7 224.8 71.7 19.9 3.3 88.3 12.4 1.9 0.5 13.8 17.9 2.5 1.1 19.2 64.5 23.6 14.9 73.1 29.4 

aConversion factors taken from GTR RM-199 (42), p. 262, table B-7.bU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16,24); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data for wood pulp have been revised; Air-dry weight contains 15% moisture content. cIncludes hardwood & softwood pallets. Pallets equate 20% of lumber.dIncludes hardwood & softwood plywood and laminated veneer lumber. LVL begins in 1980.eIncludes hardboard, particleboard, insulating board, OSB and MDF. fExcludes wood pulp used in hardboard and insulating board. Includes wood pulp and other. Wood pulp/1000 added to other/100 (Table 42). gExcludes veneer produced and consumed in industries other than the plywood industry.hDoesn't include OSB until 1980.iDoesn't include OSB.jDoesn't include OSB, MDF,and Paperboard until 1967.kIncludes both wood pulp and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.lIncludes pulpwood (except chips), wood pulp, and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board. mIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. 
28 

Table 8b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products in tons, by major product, 1965–1999 (thousand metric tons,a air-dry weight of wood)b

The weight of wood in products

All products Lumberc Plywood and veneerd Panel productse Wood pulpf 

Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- 

duc- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- 

Year tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tiong tionh portsi portsj tion tion portsk portsl tion 

1965 138,329 146,933 126,538 14,952 6,348 135,142 48,316 4,786 859 52,243 7,362 626 18 7,971 4,096 613 33 4,676 33,203 8,773 2,660 39,316 1966 141,447 149,793 130,563 15,861 7,515 138,909 48,447 4,850 1,100 52,197 7,679 749 28 8,399 4,249 492 45 4,695 35,730 9,556 2,941 42,345 1967 137,388 142,973 127,411 15,157 9,572 132,996 46,890 4,698 1,188 50,399 7,535 743 47 8,231 4,272 488 43 4,717 35,335 9,056 3,225 41,166 1968 142,829 147,682 133,759 16,784 11,931 138,612 47,017 5,581 1,036 51,562 8,448 1,129 40 9,537 5,122 668 54 5,736 39,376 9,228 3,665 44,939 1969 141,613 147,025 133,450 18,073 12,661 138,862 46,003 5,822 1,036 50,789 7,870 1,263 108 9,026 5,796 745 70 6,471 41,385 10,059 4,063 47,381 1970 138,343 140,348 131,087 17,015 15,010 133,092 44,416 5,581 1,124 48,873 8,146 1,221 91 9,276 5,850 494 95 6,249 40,626 9,395 5,014 45,007 1971 141,897 147,866 135,548 18,834 12,866 141,517 47,289 6,970 1,100 53,159 9,354 1,516 58 10,813 7,052 683 107 7,628 41,829 9,475 4,390 46,915 1972 149,355 155,074 143,006 21,614 15,895 148,725 48,368 8,560 1,365 55,564 10,251 1,884 125 12,010 7,862 1,130 135 8,857 44,565 9,952 4,574 49,943 1973 153,842 158,021 147,493 22,175 17,996 151,672 49,561 8,713 1,895 56,379 10,109 1,510 226 11,393 8,231 1,122 175 9,177 46,129 10,755 4,499 52,385 1974 145,813 147,928 138,557 19,667 17,552 140,672 44,817 6,617 1,718 49,716 8,669 982 308 9,343 7,572 784 236 8,120 45,811 11,112 5,315 51,608 1975 135,478 134,802 128,222 15,316 15,991 127,546 41,709 5,493 1,542 45,660 8,546 1,146 431 9,262 7,382 286 205 7,463 40,110 8,198 4,503 43,805 1976 149,004 149,817 141,748 19,267 18,454 142,561 46,064 7,524 1,718 51,870 9,744 1,410 400 10,753 8,848 529 234 9,144 45,053 9,619 4,676 49,996 1977 161,019 165,183 148,321 22,085 17,920 152,485 49,186 9,645 1,542 57,289 10,268 1,352 183 11,436 10,007 714 217 10,504 46,422 10,026 4,704 51,744 1978 170,750 177,539 151,703 25,063 18,275 158,492 50,368 11,122 1,846 59,644 10,557 1,516 165 11,907 10,190 1,019 123 11,086 47,435 11,188 4,700 53,923 1979 182,816 186,139 154,699 24,593 21,271 158,022 50,340 10,504 2,200 58,644 10,382 1,247 216 11,413 9,926 952 139 10,739 48,331 11,592 5,260 54,663 1980 185,029 184,381 145,121 21,526 22,173 144,473 44,567 8,938 2,529 50,976 8,754 732 208 9,279 8,181 627 133 8,674 48,801 10,942 7,299 52,445 1981 179,227 181,311 138,412 21,152 19,069 140,496 39,835 8,585 2,440 45,980 8,950 898 367 9,481 8,078 680 235 8,523 48,788 10,763 6,628 52,923 1982 180,172 181,489 137,543 20,087 18,770 138,860 39,838 8,045 2,000 45,884 8,747 1,118 248 9,617 7,523 704 76 8,150 47,325 9,956 6,248 51,033 1983 194,045 198,839 153,230 24,815 20,021 158,024 47,543 10,464 2,381 55,627 10,622 1,635 308 11,949 10,279 1,053 95 11,236 49,826 11,292 6,739 54,379 1984 207,907 216,598 161,650 27,968 19,277 170,341 51,497 11,605 2,212 60,890 10,857 1,501 205 12,153 10,479 1,255 103 11,632 53,520 13,277 6,472 60,325 1985 203,192 213,084 158,749 29,753 19,860 168,641 50,752 12,913 1,955 61,710 10,931 1,849 184 12,596 10,458 1,244 234 11,468 49,986 13,524 6,426 57,083 1986 208,045 217,430 168,137 30,839 21,453 177,522 56,550 12,616 2,474 66,693 11,947 1,921 340 13,528 10,682 1,334 240 11,776 52,093 14,062 7,646 58,509 1987 216,786 225,331 177,785 32,680 24,134 186,330 61,128 13,154 3,307 70,975 12,438 2,330 428 14,340 10,848 1,335 339 11,843 54,264 15,151 8,163 61,252 1988 222,085 225,327 183,084 32,225 28,983 186,326 61,890 12,411 4,696 69,605 12,358 1,991 557 13,792 10,989 1,163 426 11,726 55,368 15,620 8,859 62,129 1989 225,606 227,417 186,605 32,101 30,290 188,416 61,846 13,732 4,300 71,278 11,778 1,177 783 12,172 11,516 940 574 11,882 55,828 15,447 9,504 61,771 1990 223,468 223,441 185,374 29,840 29,866 185,347 60,471 11,766 3,916 68,321 11,648 1,001 887 11,763 11,539 880 712 11,707 56,510 15,498 10,039 61,969 1991 217,603 213,650 178,602 27,347 31,300 174,649 55,575 10,540 4,134 61,981 10,505 866 790 10,581 11,543 717 771 11,489 56,670 14,587 11,585 59,672 1992 224,417 222,167 185,416 29,677 31,927 183,166 57,488 12,087 3,817 65,758 10,823 1,053 901 10,976 12,871 774 1,021 12,624 57,433 15,201 12,919 59,715 1993 224,115 227,850 185,114 33,378 29,643 188,849 57,270 13,851 3,667 67,454 10,970 1,060 855 11,175 13,237 882 1,083 13,035 57,558 16,692 12,094 62,156 1994 226,437 231,297 186,529 35,455 30,595 191,389 58,803 14,915 3,594 70,123 11,353 1,004 743 11,615 13,694 1,436 1,351 13,780 59,047 17,506 12,937 63,616 1995 222,094 227,094 182,186 37,665 32,665 187,186 57,290 15,736 3,265 69,761 11,373 1,157 774 11,755 13,571 1,487 1,550 13,509 59,082 18,376 14,405 63,053 1996 223,375 227,220 183,467 37,094 33,249 187,312 58,100 16,494 3,241 71,353 11,349 1,052 765 11,636 15,182 1,513 1,557 15,137 58,439 16,974 14,773 60,641 1997 225,549 231,198 185,641 39,489 33,841 191,290 59,923 16,589 3,320 73,192 10,955 1,247 915 11,286 15,427 1,679 1,394 15,712 60,209 18,977 15,744 63,442 1998 226,398 237,015 186,352 39,787 29,170 196,969 62,192 17,147 2,613 76,726 10,993 1,429 500 11,923 15,788 1,721 978 16,531 59,360 18,613 13,721 64,253 1999 229,584 244,266 189,236 44,340 29,658 203,918 65,041 18,028 3,008 80,060 11,222 1,733 435 12,520 16,195 2,255 1,025 17,426 58,457 21,375 13,528 66,304 

aConversion factors taken from GTR RM-199 (42), p. 262, table B-7.bU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16,24); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data for wood pulp have been revised; Air-dry weight contains 15% moisture content.cIncludes hardwood & softwood pallets. Pallets equate 20% of lumber.dIncludes hardwood & softwood plywood and laminated veneer lumber. LVL begins in 1980.eIncludes hardboard, particleboard, insulating board, OSB and MDF. fExcludes wood pulp used in hardboard and insulating board. Includes wood pulp and other. Wood pulp/1000 added to other/100 (Table 42).gExcludes veneer produced and consumed in industries other than the plywood industry.hDoesn't include OSB until 1980.iDoesn't include OSB.jDoesn't include OSB, MDF,and Paperboard until 1967.kIncludes both wood pulp and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.lIncludes pulpwood (except chips), wood pulp, and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.mIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. 

Total
Table 9—U.S. annual industrial wood product production by product weight, 1965–1999a ( thousands of short tons)

Laminated Hardwood Lumber Medium-density Pulp 

Softwood Oriented veneer plywood Softwood Hardwood made at Particleboard Hardboard fiberboard paper 

Year Total plywoodb strandboardb lumberb and veneerc lumberd lumberd pallet plantse productionf productiong productionf and board h 

1965 108,850 6,807 — — 1,345 28,599 15,929 153 1,059 913 105 43,465 1966 113,172 7,140 — — 1,362 28,162 16,488 182 1,333 964 117 46,971 1967 110,976 7,086 — — 1,257 27,503 15,712 183 1,510 949 130 46,969 1968 115,986 8,036 — — 1,318 28,589 14,740 202 1,956 1,160 145 50,561 1969 117,566 7,489 — — 1,227 27,669 14,727 233 2,365 1,327 161 53,530 1970 115,751 7,842 — — 1,179 26,876 14,057 222 2,434 1,370 179 53,408 1971 121,339 9,097 — — 1,263 29,326 14,254 242 3,317 1,633 198 53,753 1972 128,690 10,021 — — 1,332 30,239 14,334 272 4,330 1,812 220 58,009 1973 132,863 10,011 — — 1,186 30,836 14,837 325 4,866 1,891 245 60,548 1974 125,754 8,683 — — 919 27,046 14,257 360 4,324 1,767 272 60,403 1975 113,612 8,777 — — 690 26,112 12,325 278 3,520 1,775 302 52,393 1976 128,193 10,084 — — 711 29,873 13,462 343 4,485 2,120 394 59,283 1977 134,878 10,596 — — 779 31,923 14,343 413 5,019 2,411 620 61,149 1978 139,249 10,918 — — 778 32,704 15,120 473 5,231 2,445 714 63,085 1979 141,870 10,748 — — 755 32,509 15,706 518 4,748 2,402 713 65,873 1980 134,030 8,932 84 53 681 27,530 15,452 452 4,148 1,919 693 66,217 1981 129,293 9,161 169 70 641 24,797 12,622 442 4,035 1,908 726 66,931 1982 124,165 8,666 348 70 909 23,222 13,494 400 3,365 1,746 627 63,483 1983 141,708 10,653 838 88 971 29,020 14,794 450 4,231 2,282 849 69,352 1984 149,916 10,897 1,276 88 988 30,434 17,027 500 4,494 2,137 892 72,742 1985 148,675 11,030 1,668 123 881 30,577 16,196 550 4,684 1,969 963 71,459 1986 160,650 12,096 2,196 140 912 34,435 17,680 600 5,067 1,819 1,098 75,964 1987 170,251 12,523 2,548 158 1,000 37,415 19,006 600 5,212 1,705 1,264 79,830 1988 174,510 12,359 2,878 193 1,019 37,224 19,813 600 5,385 1,599 1,320 82,847 1989 175,444 11,695 3,191 210 1,011 36,653 20,345 610 5,425 1,624 1,364 83,257 1990 176,164 11,440 3,386 280 1,009 34,941 20,792 610 5,352 1,570 1,336 85,307 1991 171,482 10,200 3,508 280 982 32,373 18,847 620 5,304 1,530 1,347 86,546 1992 180,125 10,572 4,158 298 934 33,706 19,276 620 5,597 1,648 1,499 90,885 1993 182,205 10,563 4,376 368 992 32,165 20,620 620 5,964 1,640 1,633 92,154 1994 188,569 10,740 4,679 403 1,182 33,297 20,900 640 6,387 1,627 1,759 96,595 1995 187,601 10,591 4,939 490 1,209 31,467 21,337 660 5,906 1,541 1,557 98,582 1996 189,362 10,490 5,821 560 1,171 32,476 21,074 657 6,270 1,650 1,752 98,334 1997 195,566 9,824 6,584 665 1,229 33,844 21,386 628 6,372 1,407 1,948 102,822 1998 196,569 9,721 7,017 718 1,288 33,853 23,470 608 6,459 1,344 1,970 101,262 1999 203,229 9,743 7,258 838 1,323 35,803 24,145 590 6,511 1,371 1,987 104,801 

aSources for recent production data (some earlier data are Forest Service estimates or from Dept. of Commerce):bTaken from APA—The Engineered Wood Association (formerly American Plywood Assoc.); see APA Economics Report E-65 (1999).cDept. of Commerce (to 1988); 1989–1990 data from Hardwood Plywood & Veneer Association; 

 later estimates based on trends in value of shipments (Dept. of Commerce); hardwood veneer based on Census of Manufactures dat a and trend in value of shipments. d1965–1976 based on Commerce Department data and Forest Service estimates. Lumber production 1976–1998 from American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA)

 Statistical Roundup report (1996 hardwood estimated by Forest Service; 1997–1998 hardwood estimate from Miller Freeman).  [Note that Commerce Dept. reported hardwood lumber production is understood to underestimate actual production as reflected in Forest Service estimates since 1900.] eForest Service estimate of lumber cut from roundwood at pallet plants. 

 Other lumber (e.g., purchased lumber) used by pallet makers is accounted for under hardwood and softwood lumber production.

fComposite Panel Association (based on production data 1959–1977, and 1995–1997; otherwise based on shipments; 1998 data are estimated). gShipments data from American Hardboard Association (1965–1997) and as reported by Miller Freeman (1998); 1998 figure is estimated. hAF&PA, formerly API (Statistics of Paper, Paperboard & Woodpulp). Paper and paperboard production includes "Total Paper", "Total Paperboard", and "Building Paper" p

 Total production of pulp, paper and paperboard includes market pulp produced for export.

iData through 1988 was obtained from U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Price Statistics reports (USDA Forest Servi ce). 

 Miscellaneous wood product production for 1996 based on timber product output tables in (draft) 1997 RPA Inventory Data Tables; intervening and subsequent data are e

jDerived using earlier data from Commerce Department MA26A reports (in square feet of product output) to convert tonnage reported in AF&PA and earlier API reports.
30 

Roundwood equivalents of production

Industrial wood 

productivity (industrial 

wood product output per 

unit of roundwood input)

Total industrial 

wood product 

production 

(from Table 8) Hardwoodsb Softwoodsc Totals

Recovered 

paper 

utilization 

rate 

U.S. 

population

Per capita 

industrial 

wood product 

production

Year lb/ft3 Tons/ton Thousand tons Million ft3 Million ft3 Million ft3

Thousand 

short tonsd

Thousand 

metric tons (percent) Millions lb/capita

1965 19.38 0.6966 108,850 2,912 8,319 11,231 156,255 141,751 23.5% 194.3 1,120

1966 19.65 0.7053 113,172 3,044 8,476 11,520 160,458 145,564 22.6% 196.6 1,151

1967 19.59 0.7044 110,976 2,900 8,432 11,333 157,552 142,928 21.2% 198.7 1,117

1968 19.69 0.7105 115,986 2,828 8,956 11,784 163,238 148,087 20.4% 200.7 1,156

1969 19.90 0.7171 117,566 2,914 8,904 11,818 163,948 148,730 22.1% 202.7 1,160

1970 19.53 0.7063 115,751 2,750 9,101 11,851 163,875 148,664 22.8% 205.1 1,129

1971 20.03 0.7244 121,339 2,812 9,302 12,114 167,512 151,964 22.8% 207.7 1,168

1972 20.66 0.7472 128,690 2,887 9,569 12,456 172,226 156,240 22.5% 209.9 1,226

1973 20.92 0.7552 132,863 3,026 9,679 12,705 175,923 159,594 23.5% 211.9 1,254

1974 20.91 0.7525 125,754 3,038 8,993 12,031 167,125 151,613 23.7% 213.9 1,176

1975 20.84 0.7544 113,612 2,473 8,431 10,904 150,609 136,630 23.0% 216.0 1,052

1976 21.18 0.7672 128,193 2,722 9,381 12,103 167,084 151,575 23.4% 218.0 1,176

1977 21.53 0.7797 134,878 2,821 9,709 12,530 172,991 156,934 23.4% 220.2 1,225

1978 21.54 0.7784 139,249 3,030 9,900 12,930 178,889 162,285 23.8% 222.6 1,251

1979 21.46 0.7752 141,870 3,125 10,096 13,221 183,002 166,016 23.9% 225.1 1,261

1980 22.19 0.7980 134,030 3,093 8,988 12,081 167,959 152,369 23.5% 227.7 1,177

1981 22.55 0.8123 129,293 2,857 8,610 11,467 159,174 144,400 23.4% 230.0 1,124

1982 21.92 0.7877 124,165 2,940 8,389 11,328 157,621 142,990 23.7% 232.2 1,069

1983 21.99 0.7898 141,708 3,364 9,527 12,891 179,416 162,762 23.4% 234.3 1,210

1984 22.43 0.8035 149,916 3,653 9,716 13,368 186,574 169,256 23.8% 236.3 1,269

1985 22.19 0.7949 148,675 3,671 9,729 13,400 187,048 169,686 23.8% 238.5 1,247

1986 21.94 0.7854 160,650 4,053 10,591 14,644 204,535 185,550 24.7% 240.7 1,335

1987 22.13 0.7935 170,251 4,149 11,235 15,385 214,546 194,632 24.6% 242.8 1,402

1988 22.35 0.7999 174,510 4,330 11,288 15,618 218,165 197,915 25.1% 245.0 1,425

1989 22.32 0.7966 175,444 4,553 11,169 15,722 220,233 199,791 25.7% 247.3 1,419

1990 22.62 0.8062 176,164 4,609 10,968 15,577 218,500 198,219 27.0% 249.9 1,410

1991 23.03 0.8197 171,482 4,493 10,402 14,894 209,193 189,776 29.1% 252.7 1,357

1992 23.58 0.8380 180,125 4,717 10,563 15,280 214,946 194,995 30.9% 255.4 1,411

1993 24.28 0.8592 182,205 4,921 10,090 15,011 212,058 192,375 32.3% 258.1 1,412

1994 24.64 0.8718 188,569 5,038 10,268 15,306 216,293 196,217 33.7% 260.7 1,447

1995 24.32 0.8580 187,601 5,272 10,158 15,430 218,645 198,350 34.4% 263.0 1,427

1996 24.82 0.8763 189,362 5,178 10,080 15,258 216,092 196,034 36.9% 265.5 1,426

1997 26.45 0.9394 195,566 4,609 10,180 14,790 208,185 188,861 36.4% 267.9 1,460

1998 26.39 0.9351 196,569 4,802 10,097 14,899 210,217 190,705 37.1% 270.3 1,454

1999 27.04 0.9611 203,229 4,643 10,389 15,032 211,464 191,836 37.8% 273.2 1,488

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory (15). b

The average specific gravity for hardwood is .52. c

The average specific gravity for softwood is .42. d

The weight density of a cubic foot of water in pounds is 62.4. Example: ((0.52*62.4/2000)+(0.42*62.4/2000))*1000.

Table 10—Industrial wood productivity, 1965–1999a
31 

Table 11a—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–1999 (cubic feet, board feet, cords)a

Industrial roundwood used for

 Other

All Total industrial

Year products roundwood Plywood and veneer Pulp products productsb Fuelwood

Cubic Cubic Cubic Board feet Cubic Board feet Cubic Cubic Cubic

feet feet feet (lumber tally) feet (local log rule) feet Cords feet feet Cords

1965 67.9 63.1 35.6 193 5.8 27 18.9 0.2 2.9 4.7 0.059

1966 68.1 63.8 34.9 190 6.1 28 19.9 0.2 2.9 4.3 0.054

1967 65.1 61.2 33.5 182 5.9 27 19.2 0.2 2.6 3.9 0.049

1968 66.8 63.3 34.4 187 6.8 31 19.8 0.2 2.4 3.5 0.044

1969 66.4 63.4 33.5 182 6.3 29 21.4 0.3 2.2 3.1 0.038

1970 64.4 61.7 31.9 173 6.4 30 21.4 0.3 2.1 2.6 0.033

1971 66.5 64.1 34.7 189 7.4 34 20.0 0.3 2.0 2.4 0.030

1972 67.9 65.6 36.2 197 8.1 37 19.4 0.2 1.9 2.3 0.028

1973 68.0 65.6 36.2 197 7.7 35 19.8 0.2 1.9 2.4 0.030

1974 63.0 60.5 31.2 170 6.3 29 21.2 0.3 1.8 2.5 0.031

1975 55.8 53.2 28.5 155 6.2 29 16.7 0.2 1.8 2.6 0.033

1976 62.5 59.8 32.3 176 7.2 33 18.6 0.2 1.7 2.8 0.034

1977 67.8 63.2 35.8 195 7.6 35 18.1 0.2 1.7 4.5 0.057

1978 72.4 65.5 36.9 201 7.8 36 19.1 0.2 1.8 6.9 0.086

1979 74.6 64.8 35.4 193 7.3 34 20.3 0.3 1.8 9.8 0.122

1980 70.7 57.0 29.6 161 5.8 27 19.8 0.2 1.8 13.6 0.170

1981 68.1 54.3 27.2 148 5.8 27 19.5 0.2 1.8 13.8 0.173

1982 67.2 52.8 26.8 146 5.7 26 18.5 0.2 1.9 14.4 0.181

1983 74.5 60.7 32.2 175 7.0 32 19.6 0.2 1.9 13.8 0.173

1984 78.9 63.6 34.3 187 6.9 32 20.5 0.3 1.9 15.3 0.191

1985 78.7 64.2 34.7 189 6.9 32 20.7 0.3 1.9 14.5 0.181

1986 81.0 68.1 36.7 200 7.3 34 22.2 0.3 2.0 12.9 0.161

1987 82.9 70.2 38.2 208 7.5 35 22.5 0.3 2.0 12.7 0.158

1988 81.0 68.5 36.8 200 7.1 33 22.6 0.3 2.1 12.5 0.156

1989 79.8 67.5 36.9 201 5.9 27 22.5 0.3 2.2 12.3 0.154

1990 77.4 65.3 34.6 188 5.6 26 22.8 0.3 2.2 12.1 0.151

1991 72.4 60.4 31.0 169 5.0 23 22.2 0.3 2.2 12.0 0.150

1992 74.5 62.6 32.8 179 5.0 23 22.3 0.3 2.4 11.9 0.149

1993 75.0 63.0 33.3 181 5.0 23 22.3 0.3 2.4 11.9 0.149

1994 76.3 64.3 34.3 186 5.1 23 22.7 0.3 2.2 12.0 0.150

1995 75.9 64.7 33.8 184 5.0 23 24.0 0.3 2.0 11.2 0.140

1996 73.8 63.5 34.1 185 4.9 22 22.6 0.3 1.9 10.3 0.129

1997 70.9 61.4 34.6 188 4.6 21 20.4 0.3 1.8 9.5 0.119

1998 72.2 62.9 35.7 194 4.7 22 20.7 0.3 1.8 9.3 0.117

1999 72.8 63.5 36.7 200 4.8 22 20.1 0.3 1.8 9.3 0.116

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16,24); U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (31); data may 

 not add to totals because of rounding. b

Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, 

 excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.

Lumber
32 

Table 11b—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product,

1965–1999 (cubic meters)a

Industrial roundwood used for

 Other

All Total Plywood Pulp industrial

Year products roundwood Lumber and veneer products productsb Fuelwood

1965 1.922 1.788 1.007 0.166 0.534 0.082 0.133

1966 1.928 1.807 0.989 0.172 0.564 0.081 0.122

1967 1.844 1.733 0.947 0.167 0.545 0.073 0.111

1968 1.891 1.792 0.973 0.191 0.559 0.068 0.099

1969 1.881 1.795 0.948 0.178 0.605 0.064 0.087

1970 1.822 1.748 0.903 0.182 0.605 0.059 0.074

1971 1.883 1.815 0.982 0.209 0.567 0.057 0.068

1972 1.921 1.857 1.024 0.229 0.549 0.055 0.064

1973 1.925 1.857 1.025 0.218 0.561 0.054 0.067

1974 1.785 1.714 0.883 0.179 0.600 0.052 0.071

1975 1.581 1.506 0.808 0.175 0.472 0.050 0.075

1976 1.770 1.692 0.914 0.203 0.526 0.049 0.078

1977 1.919 1.791 1.014 0.215 0.512 0.050 0.129

1978 2.050 1.856 1.046 0.220 0.540 0.050 0.194

1979 2.113 1.835 1.003 0.207 0.575 0.051 0.277

1980 2.001 1.615 0.839 0.164 0.560 0.052 0.386

1981 1.929 1.537 0.770 0.164 0.551 0.052 0.392

1982 1.904 1.495 0.758 0.161 0.523 0.053 0.409

1983 2.109 1.718 0.913 0.197 0.555 0.054 0.391

1984 2.236 1.802 0.973 0.195 0.580 0.055 0.434

1985 2.229 1.819 0.982 0.196 0.585 0.055 0.410

1986 2.293 1.929 1.039 0.206 0.628 0.056 0.364

1987 2.348 1.989 1.082 0.213 0.637 0.058 0.359

1988 2.294 1.940 1.042 0.200 0.639 0.059 0.354

1989 2.261 1.913 1.044 0.168 0.637 0.064 0.348

1990 2.191 1.849 0.979 0.160 0.646 0.064 0.342

1991 2.050 1.711 0.879 0.141 0.630 0.062 0.339

1992 2.110 1.773 0.929 0.143 0.633 0.068 0.337

1993 2.124 1.785 0.943 0.142 0.632 0.068 0.338

1994 2.161 1.820 0.971 0.144 0.643 0.063 0.340

1995 2.149 1.833 0.956 0.142 0.679 0.055 0.316

1996 2.089 1.797 0.966 0.138 0.640 0.053 0.292

1997 2.008 1.739 0.980 0.129 0.578 0.051 0.269

1998 2.044 1.780 1.010 0.134 0.586 0.051 0.264

1999 2.061 1.798 1.040 0.137 0.570 0.050 0.263

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (16,24); U.S. Council of Economic 

 Advisors (31); Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, 

 box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.
33 

Table 12—Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, manufacturing, and shipping, 1965–1999a

Total lumber Lumber softwoods Lumber hardwoods Total plywood Plywood softwoods Plywood hardwoods

Consump- Index Consump- Index Consump- Index Consump- Index Consump- Index Consump- Index

Year tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion

board board board square feet square feet square feet

feet feet feet (3/8-in. basis) (3/8-in. basis) (3/8-in. basis)

1965 43.0 77.1 33.4 74.0 9.6 89.9 15.5 74.7 12.4 69.3 3.1 109.0

1966 42.7 76.5 32.7 72.6 10.0 93.0 16.3 78.6 13.0 72.5 3.3 117.2

1967 41.4 74.1 32.0 70.9 9.4 87.8 16.0 77.2 12.9 71.8 3.2 111.2

1968 43.0 77.1 34.1 75.6 8.9 83.4 18.5 89.2 14.6 81.6 3.9 136.9

1969 42.3 75.7 33.2 73.7 9.0 84.2 17.5 84.1 13.5 75.3 4.0 139.7

1970 40.8 73.0 32.2 71.5 8.5 79.6 18.0 86.7 14.2 79.3 3.8 133.6

1971 45.0 80.6 36.3 80.6 8.6 80.7 21.0 101.1 16.5 92.2 4.5 157.0

1972 47.5 85.0 38.8 86.0 8.7 81.1 23.3 112.0 18.1 101.0 5.2 182.1

1973 47.9 85.8 38.8 86.0 9.1 84.8 22.2 106.9 17.9 99.8 4.3 151.5

1974 41.6 74.4 32.9 73.0 8.6 80.7 18.3 88.2 15.3 85.5 3.0 105.0

1975 38.5 68.9 31.0 68.8 7.4 69.1 18.2 87.5 15.3 85.1 2.9 102.4

1976 44.2 79.1 36.1 80.0 8.1 75.4 21.1 101.6 17.7 98.9 3.4 118.5

1977 49.3 88.4 40.7 90.3 8.6 80.2 22.5 108.2 19.1 106.5 3.4 118.9

1978 51.5 92.3 42.6 94.4 9.0 83.6 23.4 112.5 19.7 110.0 3.6 128.7

1979 50.1 89.8 40.8 90.5 9.3 86.8 22.5 108.2 19.3 107.5 3.2 112.6

1980 42.8 76.7 33.8 75.0 9.0 83.6 18.2 87.6 16.0 89.2 2.2 77.5

1981 39.3 70.3 32.0 70.9 7.3 67.9 18.5 89.1 16.1 89.7 2.4 85.0

1982 38.8 69.4 31.0 68.6 7.8 72.8 18.6 89.6 15.4 85.9 3.2 113.4

1983 47.9 85.7 39.4 87.3 8.5 79.0 23.1 111.2 18.9 105.5 4.2 147.1

1984 52.1 93.3 42.3 93.7 9.8 91.6 23.6 113.4 19.6 109.3 3.9 139.3

1985 53.4 95.7 43.9 97.4 9.5 88.6 24.3 116.8 19.9 111.0 4.4 153.7

1986 57.4 102.8 47.2 104.6 10.2 95.5 26.1 125.5 21.6 120.2 4.5 158.8

1987 60.9 109.1 50.0 110.8 10.9 101.9 27.5 132.4 22.2 124.0 5.3 185.9

1988 59.2 106.1 48.3 107.2 10.9 101.5 26.4 127.1 21.7 120.9 4.7 166.2

1989 60.6 108.6 49.1 108.8 11.6 107.9 23.3 112.4 20.0 111.5 3.4 118.4

1990 57.4 102.9 45.7 101.4 11.7 109.3 22.4 107.7 19.3 107.8 3.0 107.0

1991 52.1 93.3 41.6 92.3 10.5 97.7 20.1 96.5 17.4 96.8 2.7 95.1

1992 55.8 100.0 45.1 100.0 10.7 100.0 20.8 100.0 17.9 100.0 2.8 100.0

1993 57.2 102.5 45.7 101.3 11.5 107.4 20.9 100.8 17.9 100.1 3.0 105.4

1994 59.8 107.2 48.2 106.8 11.7 108.8 21.7 104.4 18.5 103.0 3.2 113.0

1995 59.5 106.6 47.6 105.5 11.9 111.4 21.6 104.2 18.2 101.2 3.5 122.9

1996 61.3 109.8 49.5 109.7 11.8 109.9 21.2 102.3 18.0 100.5 3.2 113.9

1997 62.9 112.7 51.0 113.1 11.9 111.0 20.1 97.0 16.5 92.1 3.6 127.9

1998 65.4 117.2 52.0 115.3 13.4 125.0 21.2 102.1 17.2 95.8 4.0 141.4

1999 68.3 122.4 54.5 120.9 13.8 129.0 22.0 105.9 17.7 98.6 4.3 151.6
34 

Table 12—Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, manufacturing, and shipping, 1965–1999a—Con.

 Particleboardb Insulating board Hardboard Portland cementc Steel productsd Brick

Consump- Index Consump- Index Index Index Index Index

Year tion 1992=100 tion 1992=100 Shipments 1992=100 Shipments 1992=100 Shipments 1992=100 Shipments 1992=100

Million Million Million

square feet square feet square feet Thousand Thousand Million

(3/4-in. basis) (1/2-in. basis) (1/8-in. basis) tons tons bricks

1965 807 19.8 3,395 138.1 2,921 55.4 70,328 84.9 11,836 172.8 8,089 129.8

1966 998 24.5 3,098 126.0 3,083 58.5 71,570 86.4 11,862 173.2 7,552 121.2

1967 1,114 27.4 3,233 131.5 3,038 57.6 70,315 84.9 11,375 166.1 7,117 114.2

1968 1,420 34.9 3,525 143.4 3,710 70.4 74,740 90.2 12,195 178.1 7,557 121.3

1969 1,714 42.1 3,656 148.7 4,247 80.5 77,047 93.0 11,402 166.5 7,290 117.0

1970 1,757 43.2 3,246 132.1 4,384 83.1 73,407 88.6 10,565 154.3 6,496 104.3

1971 2,382 58.5 3,889 158.2 5,225 99.1 79,005 95.4 8,666 126.5 7,570 121.5

1972 3,086 75.8 3,973 161.6 5,798 110.0 82,808 100.0 8,589 125.4 8,402 134.8

1973 3,434 84.4 3,975 161.7 6,050 114.7 88,459 106.8 10,731 156.7 8,674 139.2

1974 2,998 73.7 3,252 132.3 5,654 107.2 81,125 97.9 11,360 165.9 6,673 107.1

1975 2,686 66.0 2,919 118.8 5,681 107.7 69,078 83.4 8,119 118.6 6,262 100.5

1976 3,463 85.1 3,375 137.3 6,785 128.7 72,833 87.9 7,508 109.6 7,218 115.8

1977 4,130 101.5 3,485 141.8 7,714 146.3 78,730 95.0 7,553 110.3 8,663 139.0

1978 4,537 111.5 3,470 141.2 7,825 148.4 84,838 102.4 9,612 140.4 8,586 137.8

1979 4,207 103.4 3,399 138.3 7,688 145.8 84,860 102.4 9,978 145.7 7,708 123.7

1980 3,700 90.9 2,818 114.6 6,140 116.4 76,059 91.8 8,742 127.7 6,090 97.7

1981 3,598 88.4 2,118 86.2 6,105 115.8 71,901 86.8 8,446 123.3 5,059 81.2

1982 3,118 76.6 1,841 74.9 5,587 106.0 64,602 78.0 6,260 91.4 5,119 82.2

1983 3,956 97.2 2,398 97.6 7,303 138.5 70,849 85.5 6,276 91.6 6,218 99.8

1984 4,473 109.9 2,742 111.6 6,837 129.7 81,928 98.9 6,052 88.4 6,991 112.2

1985 4,607 113.2 2,724 110.8 6,300 119.5 84,779 102.3 6,407 93.6 6,605 106.0

1986 4,912 120.7 2,415 98.3 5,822 110.4 88,946 107.4 5,141 75.1 7,184 115.3

1987 5,143 126.4 2,388 97.2 5,458 103.5 90,458 109.2 5,619 82.1 7,601 122.0

1988 5,300 130.3 2,457 100.0 5,118 97.1 90,299 109.0 6,014 87.8 6,930 111.2

1989 4,056 99.7 2,621 106.6 5,196 98.5 89,081 107.5 7,041 102.8 7,494 120.3

1990 3,858 94.8 2,480 100.9 5,025 95.3 87,675 105.8 7,206 105.2 6,873 110.3

1991 3,802 93.4 2,332 94.9 4,895 92.8 78,058 94.2 7,112 103.9 5,975 95.9

1992 4,069 100.0 2,458 100.0 5,273 100.0 82,845 100.0 6,848 100.0 6,231 100.0

1993 4,553 111.9 2,435 99.1 5,248 99.5 86,388 104.3 6,755 98.6 6,655 106.8

1994 5,051 124.1 2,470 100.5 5,206 98.7 92,698 111.9 7,319 106.9 7,238 116.2

1995 4,756 116.9 2,470 100.5 4,930 93.5 93,392 112.7 6,988 102.0 6,665 107.0

1996 4,973 122.2 2,470 100.5 5,280 100.1 98,728 119.2 7,943 116.0 7,448 119.5

1997 5,139 126.3 2,470 100.5 4,501 85.4 99,812 120.5 7,546 110.2 7,576 121.6

1998 6,606 162.4 2,470 100.5 4,300 81.5 114,329 138.0 8,400 122.7 8,241 132.3

1999 6,653 163.5 2,470 100.5 4,386 83.2 121,279 146.4 8,800 128.5 8,932 143.3

a

American Plywood Association (10,11); National Particleboard Association (20); U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industrial Economics (61);

 Wood Technology (73); U.S. International Trade Commission (69). Numbers have been revised since the 1997 publication.

b

Includes medium-density fiberboard beginning in 1975.

c

U.S. Geological Survey (68).

d

American Iron & Steel Institute (7). Construction, including maintenance; Net shipments.
35 

Table 13—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 1999

Standard unit

Product of measure Volume Valueb Volume Valuec Volume Valuec

Million Million Million

 dollars dollars dollars

Logs:e Million board feet

 Softwoods 254.3 91.8 1,665.1 894.0 1,410.8 802.2

 Hardwoods 40.0 33.6 373.0 330.2 333.1 296.6

 Total 294.3 125.4 2,038.1 1,224.2 1,743.9 1,098.8

Lumber:e Million board feet

 Softwoods 19,177.8 7,526.4 1,430.5 826.9 (17,747.3) (6,699.5)

 Hardwoods 1,430.5 826.9 1,241.8 1,429.3 (188.7) 602.4

 Railroad ties 17.3 4.7 194.9 37.3 177.6 32.6

 Total 20,625.6 8,358.0 2,867.2 2,293.5 (17,758.4) (6,064.5)

Veneer: Million square feet

 Softwoodse,f 3/8" thickness 1,588.0 104.1 307.5 39.4 (1,280.5) (64.7)

 Hardwoodse,g 2,358.5 299.3 2,986.8 369.4 628.3 70.1

 Total 3,946.5 403.4 3,294.3 408.8 (652.2) 5.4

Plywood:e Million square feet

 Softwoods 3/8" thickness 559.3 166.0 596.0 146.8 36.7 (19.2)

 Hardwoods 3/8" thickness 3,779.2 816.8 183.0 63.6 (3,596.2) (753.2)

 Total 4,338.5 982.8 779.0 210.4 (3,559.5) (772.4)

Particleboarde Million square feet

3/4" thickness 689.4 210.8 79.1 35.9 (610.3) (174.9)

Med. Dens. Fiberboarde Million square feet

3/4" thickness 618.1 239.2 56.1 29.4 (562.0) (209.8)

OSB/Waferboarde Million square feet

3/8" thickness 7,358.9 1,479.5 179.6 47.7 (7,179.3) (1,431.8)

Hardboarde Million square feet

1/8" thickness assumed 1,782.5 159.4 915.9 89.9 (866.6) (69.5)

Pulpwood: Thousand cords

 Roundh,f 17.9 4.7 1,114.9 109.0 1,097.0 104.3

 Chipsh 152.4 29.7 1,987.2 482.4 1,834.8 452.7

 Total 170.3 34.4 3,102.1 591.4 2,931.8 557.0

Wood pulph Thousand short tons 6,659.6 2,518.6 5,935.6 2,543.2 (724.0) 24.6

Paper and board:h,i Thousand short tons

 Newsprint 7,491.5 3,517.4 776.2 423.3 (6,715.3) (3,094.1)

 Printing & Writing Paper 6,477.1 4,701.6 1,696.4 1,618.4 (4,780.7) (3,083.2)

 Paperboard 1,970.6 919.2 6,072.2 3,003.6 4,101.6 2,084.4

 Other paper & boardj 1,402.5 1,280.7 986.9 1,094.9 (415.6) (185.8)

 Converted products 1,146.3 2,721.6 2,288.5 3,639.7 1,142.2 918.1

 Total 18,488.0 13,140.5 11,820.2 9,779.9 (6,667.8) (3,360.6)

Recovered Paperh Thousand short tons 426.0 60.4 8,265.6 822.0 7,839.6 761.6

Other wood productsk 4,550.5 1,406.4 (3,144.1)

 Total all productsl 32,262.9 19,482.7 (12,780.3)

a

Imports for consumption.

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid 

 or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States,

 excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges.

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction

 price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges.

d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate excess imports

e

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (32).

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (69). 

g

American Forest and Paper Association (3).

h

American Forest and Paper Association (2).

i

Includes wet machine board and converted paper and paperboard products.

j

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board and construction paper & board

k

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers

 wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include wood furniture nor printed material.

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

Importsa Exports Trade Balanced
36 

Table 14—Value of imports and exports of all commoditiesa and timber products,b 1965–1999

Importsc Exportsd

Timber products Timber products

All commodities Total Propor- All commodities Total ProporYeare tionf tion

Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million

 current 1992 current 1992 current 1992 current 1992

dollars dollarsg dollars dollars Percent dollars dollars dollars dollars Percent

1965 21,285 77,120 1,977 7,163 9.3 27,135 98,315 917 3,322 3.4

1966 25,360 89,296 2,165 7,623 8.5 29,884 105,225 1,024 3,606 3.4

1967 26,733 93,800 2,087 7,323 7.8 31,142 109,270 1,150 4,035 3.7

1968 32,970 112,911 2,446 8,377 7.4 33,953 116,277 1,362 4,664 4.0

1969 35,863 117,970 2,734 8,993 7.6 37,462 123,230 1,509 4,964 4.0

1970 39,756 126,210 2,546 8,083 6.4 42,590 135,206 1,816 5,765 4.3

1971 45,516 140,049 2,937 9,037 6.5 43,492 133,822 1,692 5,206 3.9

1972 55,290 162,618 3,632 10,682 6.6 48,887 143,785 2,038 5,994 4.2

1973 69,024 179,750 4,468 11,635 6.5 70,246 182,932 3,006 7,828 4.3

1974 100,140 219,605 4,778 10,478 4.8 97,144 213,035 4,165 9,134 4.3

1975 96,477 193,729 4,141 8,315 4.3 106,102 213,056 4,088 8,209 3.9

1976 121,121 232,478 5,590 10,729 4.6 113,319 217,503 4,695 9,012 4.1

1977 147,976 267,105 6,720 12,130 4.5 117,926 212,863 4,664 8,419 4.0

1978 172,912 290,121 8,028 13,470 4.6 141,126 236,789 4,963 8,327 3.5

1979 205,850 306,324 9,181 13,662 4.5 178,591 265,760 6,854 10,199 3.8

1980 239,943 313,242 8,648 11,290 3.6 216,592 282,757 8,516 11,117 3.9

1981 259,012 309,823 9,042 10,816 3.5 228,961 273,877 7,925 9,480 3.5

1982 242,340 284,103 8,382 9,826 3.5 207,158 242,858 7,151 8,383 3.5

1983 256,680 297,083 10,067 11,652 3.9 195,969 226,816 7,044 8,153 3.6

1984 322,949 364,914 12,235 13,825 3.8 212,056 239,611 7,210 8,147 3.4

1985 343,067 389,406 12,539 14,233 3.7 206,926 234,876 6,699 7,604 3.2

1986 368,251 430,703 13,271 15,522 3.6 206,628 241,670 7,692 8,996 3.7

1987 402,084 458,477 15,268 17,409 3.8 244,417 278,697 9,940 11,334 4.1

1988 437,475 479,688 16,749 18,365 3.8 310,333 340,277 12,782 14,015 4.1

1989 477,400 498,851 19,106 19,964 4.0 362,100 378,370 17,224 17,998 4.8

1990 498,300 502,319 18,806 18,958 3.8 389,300 392,440 18,542 18,692 4.8

1991 491,000 493,964 17,100 17,203 3.5 416,900 419,416 19,500 19,618 4.7

1992 536,500 536,500 18,700 18,700 3.5 440,400 440,400 20,700 20,700 4.7

1993 589,400 580,690 18,874 18,595 3.2 456,800 450,049 16,889 16,639 3.7

1994 668,600 651,022 17,117 16,667 2.6 502,400 489,192 15,320 14,918 3.0

1995 749,600 704,511 19,023 17,879 2.5 575,800 541,165 17,582 16,524 3.1

1996 803,300 736,972 21,264 19,508 2.6 612,000 561,468 18,315 16,803 3.0

1997 877,300 806,342 27,375 25,161 3.1 679,300 624,357 21,386 19,656 3.1

1998 918,800 832,386 28,684 25,986 3.1 670,600 607,529 19,261 17,450 2.9

1999 1,030,400 856,915 32,263 26,831 3.1 683,200 568,172 19,483 16,203 2.9

a

U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (31).

b

U.S. International Trade Commission (69).

c

Imports for consumption. Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable 

 for merchandise when sold for exportation to the United States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, 

 insurance, and other charges.

d

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, 

 insurance, and other charges.

e

Includes revisions for the years 1965 to 1979 and 1984 to 1988.

f

Timber products as a percentage of all commodities.

g

Converted to 1992 dollars by dividing current dollars by the implicit deflators for gross domestic product

 for imports and exports.
37 

+ 

Table 15—Foreign exchange rates by selected country and year, 1975–1999a 

Country Currency 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1990 1985 1980 1975

North America

Canada Dollar 1.4858 1.4836 1.3849 1.3638 1.3725 1.3664 1.2902 1.1668 1.3658 1.1693 1.0173

Asia

China, PR Yuan 8.2781 8.3008 8.3193 8.3389 8.37 8.6404 5.7795 4.7921 2.9434 b b

Hong Kong Dollar 7.7594 7.7467 7.7431 7.7345 7.7357 7.729 7.7357 7.7899 7.7911 b b

India Rupee 43.13 41.36 36.365 35.506 32.418 31.394 31.291 17.492 12.332 7.8866 8.3854

Japan Yen 113.73 130.99 121.06 108.78 93.96 102.18 111.08 145 238.47 226.63 296.69

Malaysia Ringgit 3.8000 3.9254 2.8173 2.5154 2.5073 2.6237 2.5738 2.7057 2.4806 2.1767 2.395

Singapore Dollar 1.6951 1.6722 1.4857 1.41 1.4171 1.5275 1.6158 1.8134 2.2008 b b

South Korea Won 1,189.84 950.77 950.77 805 772.69 806.93 805.75 710.64 861.89 b b

Sri Lanka Rupee 70.868 59.026 59.026 55.289 51.047 49.17 48.211 40.078 27.187 16.167 6.95

Taiwan Dollar 32.322 33.547 28.775 27.468 26.495 26.465 26.416 26.918 39.889 b b

Thailand Baht 37.887 41.262 31.072 25.359 24.921 25.161 25.333 25.609 27.193 b b

Africa

South Africa Rand 6.1191 5.5417 4.6072 4.3011 3.6284 3.5526 3.2729 2.5885 2.2343 0.778 0.7328

Europe

Austria Schilling 14.659 12.379 12.206 10.589 10.076 11.409 11.639 11.331 20.676 12.945 17.401

Belgium Franc 42.974 36.31 35.807 30.968 29.472 33.426 34.581 33.424 59.336 29.237 36.694

Denmark Krone 6.9900 6.703 6.6092 5.8003 5.5999 6.3561 6.4863 6.1899 10.598 5.6345 5.7351

European Union Euro 1.0653 b b b bbbbbbb

Finland Markka 6.3340 5.3473 5.1956 4.5948 4.3763 5.234 5.7251 3.83 6.1971 3.7206 3.6651

France Franc 6.9879 5.8995 5.8393 5.1158 4.9864 5.5459 5.6669 5.4467 8.9799 4.225 4.2819

Germany Deutsche mark 2.0835 1.7597 1.7348 1.5049 1.4321 1.6216 1.6545 1.6166 2.9419 1.8175 2.4553

Greece Drachma 306.30 295.7 273.28 240.82 231.68 242.5 229.64 158.59 138.4 b b

Ireland Poundc 0.8390 142.48 151.63 159.95 160.35 149.69 146.47 165.76 106.62 205.77 222.16

Italy Lira 2,062.71 1736.85 1703.81 1542.76 1629.45 1,611.49 1,573.41 1,198.27 1,908.90 856.2 652.4

Netherlands Guilder 2.3476 1.9837 1.9525 1.6863 1.6044 1.819 1.8585 1.8215 3.3184 1.9875 2.5232

Norway Krone 7.8017 7.5521 7.0857 6.4594 6.3355 7.0553 7.1009 6.2541 8.5933 4.9381 5.2137

Portugal Escudo 213.57 180.25 175.44 154.28 149.88 165.93 161.08 142.7 172.07 50.082 25.454

Spain Peseta 177.25 149.41 146.53 124.64 126.68 133.88 127.48 101.96 169.98 71.758 57.393

Sweden Krona 8.2740 7.9522 7.6446 6.7082 7.1406 7.7161 7.7956 5.9231 8.6031 4.2309 4.1424

Switzerland Franc 1.5045 1.4506 1.4514 1.2361 1.1812 1.3667 1.4781 1.3901 2.4551 1.6772 2.5811

United Kingdom Poundc 161.72 165.73 163.76 1.5607 1.5785 153.19 150.16 178.41 129.74 232.58 222.16

Other

Australia Dollarc 64.54 62.91 74.368 78.283 74.073 73.161 67.993 78.069 70.026 114 130.77

New Zealand Dollarc 52.94 53.61 66.247 68.765 65.625 59.358 54.127 59.619 49.752 97.34 121.16

Index

United States Dollard,e 94.07 98.85 96.38 87.34 84.25 91.32 93.18 89.09 143.01 87.39 98.5

a

U.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors (66).

b

Not available.

c

Value in U.S. cents.

d

Index of weighted-average exchange value of U.S. dollar against the currencies of ten industrial countries. 

 The weight for each of the ten countries is the 1972–1976 average world trade of that country divided by the 

 average world trade of all ten countries combined. Series revised as of August 1978.

e

Data prior to 1999 was reported using the G-10 index. Data for 1999 and later is reported using the major currency scale.

Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar
38 

Table 16—Log imports by major species, 1965–1999 (million board feet, log scale)a

Hardwoods

Philippine Birch

mahogany and

Year Total Softwoods Total Mahogany or lauan maple Other

1965 68.1 13.5 54.6 12.8 11.0 6.2 24.6

1966 95.6 42.5 53.1 16.1 2.8 6.3 27.9

1967 77.0 33.9 43.1 10.5 4.6 6.6 21.4

1968 79.0 33.1 45.9 8.5 1.9 6.5 29.0

1969 81.9 41.7 40.2 6.5 3.1 7.6 23.0

1970 144.4 106.5 37.9 6.8 0.7 8.2 22.2

1971 84.0 55.7 28.3 3.3 0.2 8.7 16.1

1972 39.3 11.3 28.0 3.6 0.7 7.9 15.8

1973 33.5 8.5 25.0 2.1 3.2 9.2 10.5

1974 76.6 45.6 31.0 3.4 0.9 12.3 14.4

1975 85.5 68.5 17.0 1.6 0.3 7.2 7.9

1976 81.6 67.4 14.2 1.2 0.6 8.7 3.7

1977 154.5 139.5 15.0 2.4 0.5 8.9 3.2

1978 96.9 79.1 17.8 1.5 b 9.1 7.2

1979 133.0 118.4 14.6 1.1 0.3 8.4 4.8

1980 127.5 114.1 13.4 1.0 b 7.4 5.0

1981 101.1 87.6 13.5 0.6 b 8.7 4.2

1982 117.1 98.8 18.3 0.8 b 10.2 7.3

1983 165.0 142.5 22.5 0.3 0.3 5.1 16.8

1984 146.9 116.8 30.1 0.5 0.3 4.4 24.9

1985 99.2 70.8 28.4 0.3 0.3 2.9 24.9

1986 78.6 52.1 26.4 1.3 1.6 3.0 20.5

1987 82.5 68.7 13.8 0.3 0.3 3.8 9.4

1988 68.1 55.9 12.2 1.7 b 3.8 6.7

1989 39.3 20.9 18.4 0.8 0.1 6.7 10.8

1990 23.1 12.9 10.2 1.1 b 3.7 5.4

1991 13.6 7.6 6.0 0.9 b 2.6 2.5

1992 43.4 36.8 6.6 0.7 0.1 4.4 1.4

1993 93.9 85.7 8.2 1.1 b 3.9 3.2

1994 110.4 94.3 16.0 1.3 b 6.3 8.4

1995 80.4 54.5 25.9 1.6 0.3 6.6 17.4

1996 115.0 83.6 31.4 1.7 0.3 11.8 17.7

1997 127.6 84.1 43.5 2.3 0.3 8.1 32.8

1998 185.3 146.9 38.4 2.3 0.3 8.7 27.0

1999 294.3 254.3 40.0 2.3 0.3 10.1 27.3

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (57); U.S. Department of

 Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (32); U.S. International Trade Commission (69).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Fewer than 50,000 board feet.
39 

Mexico and

Central South

Year Total Canada Americab America Africa Asia Otherc

1965 68.1 20.3 3.4 18.0 14.1 11.7 0.6

1966 95.6 49.4 3.7 21.3 17.4 3.6 0.2

1967 77.0 40.6 3.0 18.3 9.7 4.9 0.5

1968 79.0 39.9 3.1 26.8 6.8 2.1 0.3

1969 81.9 49.5 2.1 18.3 8.3 3.5 0.2

1970 144.4 114.9 2.3 17.6 8.3 1.0 0.3

1971 84.0 64.6 2.2 13.1 3.2 0.9 d

1972 39.3 17.3 2.6 13.9 3.8 1.4 0.3

1973 33.5 17.8 3.0 2.9 4.8 4.8 0.2

1974 76.6 57.0 — 1.3 4.0 9.1 5.2

1975 85.5 80.3 0.3 — 1.4 0.1 3.4

1976 81.6 78.0 — — 1.3 0.7 1.6

1977 154.5 150.5 — — 2.5 0.6 0.9

1978 96.9 85.9 0.4 5.5 4.1 0.5 0.5

1979 133.0 111.2 0.2 17.4 1.5 1.1 1.6

1980 127.5 121.4 0.2 d 1.3 0.2 4.4

1981 101.1 94.4 0.4 d 0.7 0.6 5.0

1982 117.1 115.4 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.1

1983 165.0 161.5 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.4

1984 146.9 143.1 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.8 1.0

1985 99.2 81.1 0.1 0.5 3.2 13.9 0.4

1986 78.6 61.1 0.1 0.2 1.2 5.4 10.6

1987 82.5 75.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.1 4.1

1988 68.1 62.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 2.6 0.9

1989 39.3 20.0 2.3 0.7 2.1 8.1 6.1

1990 23.1 19.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.6

1991 13.6 9.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.6

1992 43.4 40.7 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5

1993 93.9 89.3 d 0.2 0.4 0.6 3.4

1994 110.4 85.0 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 22.3

1995 80.4 56.3 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 21.3

1996 115.0 94.6 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 17.3

1997 127.6 105.7 1.7 1.2 0.1 0.1 18.8

1998 185.3 168.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.2 14.9

1999 294.3 280.3 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.3 10.8

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (33); U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (32); Western Wood Products 

 Association (71); U.S. International Trade Commission (69).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes the West Indies.

c

For the years 1974–1977, all imports with a value of less than $500

 are included in Other.

d

Fewer than 50,000 board feet.

Table 17—Log imports by major region of origin, 1965–1999 

(million board feet, log scale)a
40 

Table 18—Log exports by major species, 1965–1999 (million board feet, Scribner log scale)a

Softwoods Hardwoods

Port-Orford Western

Year Total Total Douglas-fir cedar hemlock Other Total Walnut Other

1965 1,195.0 1,113.6 111.3 39.1 b 963.2 81.4 23.6 57.8

1966 1,391.2 1,315.7 130.5 41.2 b 1,144.0 75.5 12.5 63.0

1967 1,972.1 1,875.1 269.5 34.6 b 1,571.0 97.0 16.1 80.9

1968 2,568.1 2,473.2 396.5 38.4 b 2,038.3 94.9 21.8 73.1

1969 2,396.5 2,316.3 380.6 40.7 b 1,895.0 80.2 20.6 59.6

1970 2,740.9 2,672.0 487.0 54.1 1,436.7 694.2 68.9 17.4 51.5

1971 2,288.8 2,229.8 444.5 40.2 1,214.8 530.3 59.0 12.9 46.1

1972 3,141.4 3,047.5 766.5 46.1 1,450.7 784.2 93.9 15.5 78.4

1973 3,366.1 3,252.2 973.0 29.7 1,469.0 780.5 113.9 15.7 98.2

1974 2,642.4 2,523.7 752.7 35.6 1,244.6 490.8 118.7 7.8 110.9

1975 2,666.9 2,600.6 820.4 38.7 1,169.5 572.0 66.3 8.5 57.8

1976 3,250.0 3,155.7 1,022.4 38.4 1,365.7 729.2 94.3 7.4 86.9

1977 3,069.7 2,980.0 1,007.2 20.7 1,306.8 645.3 89.7 7.6 82.1

1978 3,409.2 3,298.4 1,192.2 29.2 1,443.6 633.4 110.8 8.8 102.0

1979 3,897.0 3,768.2 1,351.0 24.6 1,593.7 799.0 128.8 6.8 122.0

1980 3,260.9 3,109.1 1,272.4 14.0 1,183.1 639.6 151.8 9.4 142.4

1981 2,534.2 2,377.1 1,026.9 16.9 867.5 465.8 157.1 7.7 149.5

1982 3,208.1 3,115.0 1,446.5 12.4 1,124.9 531.2 93.2 4.7 88.4

1983 3,502.1 3,390.6 1,616.4 9.5 1,147.5 617.3 111.5 4.6 106.9

1984 3,494.9 3,369.4 1,588.5 13.0 1,120.0 647.9 125.6 5.5 120.0

1985 3,843.2 3,732.0 1,785.5 14.8 1,304.7 626.9 111.2 5.5 105.7

1986 3,655.6 3,516.0 1,625.8 13.4 1,246.3 630.5 139.7 5.6 134.0

1987 4,109.2 3,959.9 1,864.8 12.7 1,385.3 697.1 149.3 6.2 143.1

1988 4,798.1 4,594.4 2,311.2 19.8 1,435.5 827.9 203.7 8.0 195.7

1989 4,706.0 4,492.7 2,064.2 13.8 1,611.8 802.9 213.3 13.7 199.6

1990 4,213.1 3,993.6 1,891.7 11.0 1,193.7 897.1 219.5 13.6 205.9

1991 3,761.0 3,477.7 1,608.7 9.3 1,049.0 810.8 283.3 11.6 271.7

1992 3,278.8 3,054.8 1,402.9 10.3 890.3 751.3 224.0 12.4 211.6

1993 2,876.4 2,639.2 1,186.6 4.2 673.5 774.9 237.1 9.4 227.7

1994 2,683.6 2,419.7 1,174.9 4.1 535.3 705.4 263.8 11.2 252.6

1995 2,820.0 2,552.1 1,128.2 2.3 660.7 760.9 267.9 7.6 260.3

1996 2,635.7 2,382.4 1,214.8 2.3 486.2 679.1 253.3 6.1 247.2

1997 2,398.0 2,078.0 808.3 2.9 419.5 847.3 320.0 6.4 313.6

1998 1,977.8 1,646.2 732.1 0.7 175.1 738.3 331.5 7.3 324.2

1999 2,038.2 1,665.1 672.7 1.1 222.2 769.1 373.1 8.0 365.1

a

American Forest and Paper Association (3); U.S. International Trade Commission (69). 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding. b

Western hemlock is included in Other.
41 

European South

Year Total Canada Unionb Japan Korea China Other

1965 1,195.0 355.1 29.4 804.4 2.8 c 3.3

1966 1,391.2 266.1 17.2 1,081.4 25.2 c 1.3

1967 1,972.1 335.5 20.5 1,585.5 29.9 c 0.7

1968 2,568.1 341.8 28.7 2,119.2 75.1 c 3.3

1969 2,396.5 324.6 29.6 2,007.3 32.2 c 2.8

1970 2,740.9 291.8 23.1 2,366.1 48.2 c 11.7

1971 2,288.8 339.9 20.5 1,847.1 73.9 c 7.4

1972 3,141.4 519.1 31.9 2,528.0 53.8 c 8.6

1973 3,366.1 417.8 41.5 2,779.5 113.7 c 13.6

1974 2,642.4 332.3 39.1 2,114.2 149.2 c 7.6

1975 2,666.9 277.6 35.3 2,256.4 86.4 c 11.2

1976 3,250.0 362.5 48.6 2,675.1 150.5 c 13.3

1977 3,069.7 350.0 46.0 2,460.1 203.3 c 10.3

1978 3,409.2 368.5 57.5 2,646.1 321.8 c 15.3

1979 3,897.0 407.6 65.4 3,149.1 258.9 c 16.0

1980 3,260.9 317.8 90.4 2,544.2 201.7 87.8 19.0

1981 2,534.2 247.4 56.1 1,774.2 151.6 222.4 82.5

1982 3,208.1 302.5 47.8 1,978.7 277.7 547.0 54.4

1983 3,502.1 347.1 57.4 2,028.0 320.9 723.2 25.6

1984 3,494.9 421.2 52.6 1,759.8 289.1 866.6 105.7

1985 3,843.2 445.4 39.1 1,899.1 327.5 1,069.0 63.1

1986 3,655.6 450.0 76.7 2,089.4 364.5 615.4 59.6

1987 4,109.2 421.4 62.6 2,397.2 492.5 579.3 156.3

1988 4,798.1 378.9 78.8 2,415.6 612.0 1,121.4 191.4

1989 4,706.0 272.7 93.6 2,992.7 761.5 454.3 131.2

1990 4,213.1 395.8 69.2 2,626.2 619.2 361.9 140.8

1991 3,761.0 423.6 53.4 2,126.8 624.7 371.8 160.8

1992 3,278.8 415.0 44.2 2,043.0 416.6 236.9 123.1

1993 2,876.4 389.9 41.1 1,881.9 303.1 131.3 129.1

1994 2,683.6 435.1 56.8 1,821.6 206.1 75.0 89.0

1995 2,820.0 715.7 47.5 1,728.3 235.2 20.2 73.1

1996 2,635.7 518.0 32.1 1,807.5 200.3 15.9 61.9

1997 2,398.0 711.0 42.1 1,347.7 205.6 18.2 73.4

1998 1,977.8 778.5 47.1 1,004.0 61.9 17.8 68.5

1999 2,038.2 787.8 48.2 998.3 130.1 7.8 66.1

a

U.S. International Trade Commission (69). Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

European Union includes Austria, Belguim–Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France,

 Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and UK. 

c

Fewer than 50,000 board feet. 

Table 19—Log exports by major region of destination, 1965–1999 

(million board feet, Scribner log scale)a
Table 20—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from National Forests, by selected species, 1965–1999 (dollars per thousand board feet)a

Softwoods

Year Douglas-firb Southern pinec Ponderosa pined Western hemlocke All eastern hardwoodsf Oak white, red, and black

Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 

dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars 

1965 42.6 154.3 31.7 114.9 19.8 71.7 19.1 69.2 25.0 90.6 21.3 77.2 1966 50.0 176.1 38.6 135.9 19.8 69.7 20.5 72.2 29.3 103.2 23.2 81.7 1967 41.7 146.3 38.3 134.4 22.2 77.9 21.8 76.5 27.0 94.7 16.8 58.9 1968 61.2 209.6 42.2 144.5 30.2 103.4 35.6 121.9 23.6 80.8 17.3 59.2 1969 82.2 270.4 51.7 170.1 71.0 233.6 45.1 148.4 30.2 99.3 28.2 92.8 1970 41.9 133.0 44.1 140.0 32.1 101.9 20.5 65.1 26.9 85.4 26.6 84.4 1971 49.0 150.8 52.2 160.6 37.6 115.7 20.6 63.4 24.6 75.7 21.2 65.2 1972 71.7 210.9 65.6 192.9 65.8 193.5 49.0 144.1 34.3 100.9 26.6 78.2 1973 138.1 359.6 93.4 243.2 92.3 240.4 99.2 258.3 46.0 119.8 43.6 113.5 1974 202.4 443.9 76.2 167.1 100.6 220.6 110.8 243.0 45.9 100.7 54.7 120.0 1975 169.5 340.4 57.0 114.5 71.2 143.0 68.8 138.2 33.9 68.1 29.7 59.6 1976 176.2 338.2 87.0 167.0 101.8 195.4 79.7 153.0 34.9 67.0 43.4 83.3 1977 225.9 407.8 100.3 181.0 131.4 237.2 89.3 161.2 37.9 68.4 60.0 108.3 1978 250.3 420.0 134.5 225.7 164.7 276.3 113.6 190.6 41.1 69.0 59.2 99.3 1979 394.4 586.9 155.2 231.0 239.0 355.7 200.8 298.8 46.8 69.6 68.8 102.4 1980 432.2 564.2 155.4 202.9 206.1 269.1 212.7 277.7 52.4 68.4 65.6 85.6 1981 350.2 418.9 172.0 205.7 195.2 233.5 163.4 195.5 50.9 60.9 63.2 75.6 1982 118.2 138.6 127.2 149.1 66.9 78.4 44.5 52.2 56.4 66.1 70.8 83.0 1983 161.6 187.0 140.6 162.7 104.0 120.4 62.2 72.0 60.1 69.6 87.9 101.7 1984 132.9 150.2 139.4 157.5 122.7 138.6 61.8 69.8 90.1 101.8 145.0 163.8 1985 126.2 143.2 90.7 103.0 101.4 115.1 50.5 57.3 65.4 74.2 94.5 107.3 1986 160.7 188.0 103.6 121.2 156.6 183.2 74.7 87.4 69.9 81.8 108.1 126.4 1987 190.2 216.9 135.7 154.7 209.3 238.7 105.4 120.2 88.1 100.5 146.8 167.4 1988 256.0 280.7 141.9 155.6 182.1 199.7 162.9 178.6 151.3 165.9 146.3 160.4 1989 389.8 407.3 313.4 327.5 292.0 305.1 223.3 233.3 135.8 141.9 178.9 186.9 1990 466.4 470.2 126.7 127.7 252.2 254.2 203.0 204.6 146.1 147.3 188.3 189.8 1991 395.0 397.4 166.1 167.1 237.6 239.0 164.1 165.1 160.1 161.1 163.6 164.6 1992 477.2 477.2 198.4 198.4 292.3 292.3 164.6 164.6 166.6 166.6 211.2 211.2 1993 317.8 313.1 217.2 214.0 535.2 527.3 363.7 358.3 264.1 260.2 194.6 191.7 1994 652.4 635.2 265.9 258.9 291.4 283.7 334.8 326.0 352.1 342.8 317.4 309.1 1995 453.5 426.3 248.5 233.5 149.9 140.9 297.1 279.2 313.9 295.0 296.6 278.8 1996 453.0 415.6 251.1 230.3 270.0 247.7 289.3 265.4 312.6 286.8 264.4 242.6 1997 331.4 304.6 307.3 282.4 270.2 248.3 211.3 194.2 286.9 263.7 264.5 243.1 1998 254.2 230.3 287.8 260.7 204.9 185.6 161.4 146.2 240.9 218.2 270.2 244.8 1999 314.7 261.7 268.5 223.3 181.0 150.5 95.7 79.6 195.1 162.3 317.4 263.9 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (34,40). Forest Service National Forest prices in this table are for timber sold on a Scribner Decimal C log rule basis

except in the Northeastern states where International 1/4-in. log rule is used. Prices include KV payments and exclude timber sold by land exchanges and from land 

 project lands. Data for the years 1965 to 1983 are statistical high bid prices. Beginning in 1984, data are high bid prices that include specified road costs. 1992 doll by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producer price index for all commodities (1992 = 100). bWestern Washington and western Oregon.

cSouthern Region.dPacific Southwest Region (prior to January 1979 called the California Region); Includes Jeffrey pine.ePacific Northwest Region.fEastern and Southern Regions.gEastern Region.

Hardwoods
43 

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 1999a

Average Average

price per price per

thousand thousand

Species and regionb Volumec Valued board feet Species and region Volume Value board feet

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand

board feet dollars Dollars board feet dollars Dollars

SOFTWOODS, WESTERN SOFTWOODS, WESTERN—con.

 Cedar Fir—con.

 Alaska cedar True fir

 Pacific Northwest 0 0.0 0.00 Rocky Mountain 5,180 181.4 35.02

 Alaska 3,313 742.8 224.20 Southwestern 3,191 431.2 135.13

 Total 3,313 742.8 224.20 Pacific Southwest 85,649 11,067.1 129.21

 Incense cedar Pacific Northwest 577 7.8 13.52

 Pacific Southwest 18,334 3,598.5 196.28 Total 94,597 11,687.5 123.55

 Pacific Northwest 18 4.8 274.29 Hemlock

 Total 18,352 3,603.3 196.35 Mountain hemlock

 Port-Orford-cedar Pacific Northwest 439 42.9 97.82

 Pacific Southwest 1 0.1 114.66 Western hemlock

 Western redcedar Northern 790 96.7 122.41

 Northern 3,383 932.1 275.52 Pacific Northwest 9,396 899.0 95.68

 Pacific Northwest 907 292.4 322.56 Alaska 31,916 162.7 5.10

 Alaska 3,390 258.8 76.34 Total 42,102 1,158.4 27.51

 Total 7,680 1,483.3 193.15 Western larch

 Douglas-fir Northern 7,075 811.8 114.75

 East side Pacific Northwest 2,617 720.5 275.36

 Northern 53,970 10,582.7 196.08 Total 9,691 1,532.3 158.11

 Rocky Mountain 2,433 132.7 54.54 Pine

 Southwestern 1,187 53.2 44.81 Lodgepole pine

 Intermountain 15,195 2,060.5 135.60 Northern 39,872 8,625.0 216.32

 Pacific Northwest 103,952 22,212.9 213.68 Rocky Mountain 14,308 1,819.0 127.13

 Total 176,738 35,042.0 198.27 Intermountain 13,796 1,817.0 131.70

 West side Pacific Southwest 764 60.2 78.80

 Pacific Southwest 34,550 5,057.0 146.37 Pacific Northwest 45,381 3,542.4 78.06

 Pacific Northwest 28,672 9,022.5 314.68 Total 114,121 15,863.6 139.01

 Total 63,222 14,079.5 222.70 Ponderosa pinee

 Fir Northern 6,674 760.0 113.88

 Grand fir Rocky Mountain 75,880 10,640.4 140.23

 Northern 12,822 2,506.4 195.48 Southwestern 15,953 1,679.3 105.27

 Intermountain 621 93.3 150.24 Intermountain 5,494 879.5 160.08

 Pacific Northwest 3,977 583.9 146.84 Pacific Southwest 52,793 9,557.0 181.03

 Total 17,420 3,183.6 182.76 Pacific Northwest 58,717 7,755.3 132.08

 Noble fir Total 215,511 31,271.5 145.10

 Pacific Northwest 1,678 424.6 253.04 Sugar pine

 Shasta fir Pacific Southwest 6,632 1,521.5 229.42

 Pacific Northwest 4,516 1,074.1 237.84 Pacific Northwest 184 22.9 124.46

 Subalpine fir Total 6,816 1,544.4 226.58

 Northern 837 65.2 77.90 Western white pine

 Rocky Mountain 0 0.0 0.00 Northern 1,025 223.1 217.66

 Southwestern 0 0.0 0.00 Southwestern 0 0.0 0.00

 Intermountain 1,191 97.8 82.12 Pacific Southwest 2 0.3 200.00

 Pacific Northwest 29 1.2 41.38 Pacific Northwest 849 237.1 279.27

 Total 2,057 164.2 79.83 Total 1,876 460.5 245.53

 White fir Spruce

 Rocky Mountain 742 20.9 28.17 Black, red, and white spruce

 Pacific Northwest 43,461 5,387.5 123.96 Alaska 226 4.7 20.81

 Total 44,203 5,408.4 122.35
44 

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 1999a—con.

Average Average

price per price per

thousand thousand

Species and regionb Volumec Valued board feet Species and region Volume Value board feet

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand

board feet dollars Dollars board feet dollars Dollars

SOFTWOODS, WESTERN—con. SOFTWOODS, EASTERN—con.

 Spruce—con. Spruce

 Engelmann spruce Black, red, and white spruce

 Northern 1,176 251.8 214.10 Eastern 1,915 194.9 101.78

 Rocky Mountain 9,285 737.1 79.39 Softwoods not specified

 Southwestern 1,211 206.9 170.85 by species

 Intermountain 6,856 1,312.3 191.41 Southern 231 7.7 33.33

 Pacific Northwest 74 3.0 40.54 Eastern 490 31.0 63.27

 Total 18,602 2,511.1 134.99 Total 721 38.7 53.68

 Sitka spruce Total, eastern softwoods 212,628 52,635.3 247.55

 Pacific Northwest 204 20.9 102.45 Total, softwoods 1,136,036 191,100.1 168.22

 Alaska 15,467 403.7 26.10

 Total 15,671 424.6 27.09 HARDWOODS, WESTERN

 Softwoods not specified Aspen

 by species Rocky Mountain 152 2.3 15.13

 Rocky Mountain 3,082 113.4 36.79 Intermountain 3,361 61.4 18.27

 Intermountain 1,097 96.4 87.88 Total 3,513 63.7 18.13

 Pacific Southwest 39,240 1,716.6 43.75 Hardwoods not specified

 Pacific Northwest 21,159 4,831.0 228.32 by species

 Total 64,578 6,757.4 104.64 Rocky Mountain 334 11.0 32.93

Total, western softwoods 923,407 138,465 3,476 Pacific Southwest 123 0.1 0.81

 Pacific Northwest 3 0.5 166.67

SOFTWOODS, EASTERN Total 460 11.6 25.22

 Fir Total, western hardwoods 3,973 75.3 18.95

 True fir

 Eastern 1 0.0 0.00 HARDWOODS, EASTERN

 Hemlock Ash

 Eastern hemlock Southern 455 119.4 262.42

 Southern 99 10.7 108.08 Eastern 362 98.1 271.25

 Eastern 46 1.2 26.09 Total 817 217.5 266.33

 Total 145 11.9 82.07 Aspen

 Pine Eastern 1,437 77.2 53.72

 Eastern white pine Basswood

 Southern 6,543 988.5 151.07 Southern 0 0.0 0.00

 Eastern 547 61.9 113.16 Eastern 150 16.4 109.33

 Total 7,090 1,050.4 148.15 Total 150 16.4 109.28

 Jack pine Beech

 Eastern 5,769 423.4 73.39 Eastern 134 1.9 14.18

 Red pine Birch

 Eastern 13,415 2,258.8 168.38 Paper birch

 Red and eastern white pine Eastern 1,215 106.0 87.27

 Eastern 1,980 346.2 174.85 Yellow birch

 Southern pine Eastern 720 179.5 249.31

 Southern 176,995 47,527.1 268.52 Cherry

 Eastern 1,621 246.4 152.04 Black cherry

 Total 178,616 47,773.5 267.47 Southern 29 7.5 258.62

 Not specified Eastern 773 1,197.9 1,549.68

 Northern 0 0.0 0.00 Total 802 1,205.4 1,502.99

 Southwestern 0 0.0 0.00

 Eastern 2,977 537.5 180.55

 Total 2,977 537.5 180.55
45 

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 1999a—con.

Average Average

price per price per

thousand thousand

Species and regionb Volumec Valued board feet Species and region Volume Value board feet

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand

board feet dollars Dollars board feet dollars Dollars

 Maple White oak:

 Red maple Southern 3,274 665.0 203.12

 Southern 5 0.9 178.00 Eastern 238 55.8 234.45

 Eastern 1,510 179.8 119.07 Total 3,512 720.8 205.24

 Total 1,515 180.7 119.27 Not specified:

 Sugar maple Southern 6,664 1,203.1 180.54

 Southern 0 0.0 0.00 Eastern 19,959 3,510.6 175.89

 Eastern 3,913 1,753.4 448.10 Total 26,623 4,713.7 177.05

 Total 3,913 1,753.4 448.10 Poplar:

 Not specified Yellow poplar:

 Southern 168 24.0 142.86 Southern 1,405 265.8 189.18

 Eastern 0 0.0 0.00 Eastern 1,385 208.8 150.76

 Total 168 24.0 142.86 Total 4,742 697.3 147.04

 Oak: Yellow poplar, basswood

 Chestnut oak: and cucumber:

 Southern 923 137.8 149.30 Southern 5,106 665.6 130.36

 Eastern 779 101.9 130.81 Hardwoods not specified

 Total 1,702 239.7 140.83 by species:

 Red and black oak: Southern 11,355 833.9 73.44

 Southern 7,565 2,528.6 334.25 Eastern 11,506 1,882.8 163.64

 Eastern 1,821 843.9 463.43 Total 22,217 2,248.2 101.19

 Total 9,386 3,372.5 359.31 Total, eastern hardwoods 84,159 16,419.8 195.11

Total, hardwoods 88,132 16,495.1 187.16

Total, softwoods and

 hardwoods 1,224,167 207,595.2 169.58

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (40); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; The stumpage prices 

 shown in this table do not necessarily indicate values for any specific tract of public or private timber, and prices received for

 individual tracts may vary widely because of differences in amber quality, degree of competition amber accessibility, variations 

 in special costs, methods of allocating overhead costs by species, or other factors; Excludes pulpwood and miscellaneous 

 products and also excludes timber sold by land exchanges and from land in utilization projects.

b

Administrative regions of the Forest Service.

c

Scribner Decimal C log rule except in the Northeastern states timber where international 1/4-in. log rule is used.

d

High bid prices, which include specified road costs KV payments.

e

Includes small amounts of Jeffrey pine.

HARDWOODS, EASTERN—con. HARDWOODS, EASTERN—con.
46 

Southern pine Ash Gums

Year Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992

dollars dollarsb dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 28.40 102.90 22.60 81.88 17.50 63.41 16.20 58.70

1966 34.30 120.77 23.00 49.46 19.50 68.66 17.90 63.03

1967 36.80 129.12 23.30 50.11 19.50 68.42 17.70 62.11

1968 40.70 139.38 25.60 52.03 20.00 68.49 19.00 65.07

1969 50.10 164.80 31.80 60.00 22.60 74.34 21.50 70.72

1970 46.40 147.30 28.10 53.63 21.00 66.67 20.40 64.76

1971 56.00 172.31 26.60 48.63 21.90 67.38 20.80 64.00

1972 66.30 195.00 28.50 47.98 23.80 70.00 23.10 67.94

1973 84.20 219.27 41.50 65.25 32.30 84.11 30.20 78.65

1974 90.90 199.34 48.20 76.27 36.80 80.70 35.50 77.85

1975 81.60 163.86 45.70 83.24 35.40 71.08 34.10 68.47

1976 101.10 194.05 45.80 73.40 37.20 71.40 37.30 71.59

1977 119.90 216.43 49.70 76.70 39.70 71.66 40.60 73.29

1978 156.20 262.08 59.40 85.84 46.20 77.52 46.50 78.02

1979 211.50 314.73 74.20 103.49 51.90 77.23 53.40 79.46

1980 189.20 247.00 70.20 98.04 53.10 69.32 55.50 72.45

1981 185.00 221.29 70.20 96.56 52.00 62.20 55.60 66.51

1982 144.60 169.52 71.10 100.42 53.70 62.95 57.50 67.41

1983 160.70 186.00 103.80 133.76 67.30 77.89 71.60 82.87

1984 158.80 179.44 109.00 132.44 68.00 76.84 72.70 82.15

1985 118.20 134.17 88.30 106.90 57.30 65.04 62.50 70.94

1986 112.30 131.35 87.90 99.55 53.70 62.81 64.70 75.67

1987 147.30 167.96 c c 59.30 67.62 79.00 90.08

1988 161.00 176.54 134.20 147.15 62.10 68.09 101.20 110.96

1989 169.10 176.70 133.80 139.81 65.30 68.23 98.30 102.72

1990 182.60 184.07 141.10 142.24 81.90 82.56 106.50 107.36

1991 194.30 195.47 123.60 124.35 67.60 68.01 89.00 89.54

1992 222.60 222.60 289.30 289.30 78.10 78.10 136.90 136.90

1993 273.30 269.26 cc cc 153.00 150.74

1994 330.50 321.81 cc cc 205.00 199.61

1995 394.75 371.01 cc cc 252.75 237.55

1996 338.75 310.78 cc cc 203.00 186.24

1997 455.25 418.43 cc cc 289.75 266.31

1998 433.75 392.96 cc cc 276.50 250.49

1999 394.25 327.87 cc cc 285.00 237.02

a

Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of Marketing (18). b

Derived by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor 

 Statistics producer price index for all commodities (1992 = 100).

c

Not available.

Oaks

Table 22—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from private lands in Louisiana, by selected 

species, 1965–1999 (dollars per thousand board feet, Doyle log scale)a
47 

Year All speciesc Softwoodsd Hardwoodse

1965 6,275 5,425 850

1966 6,315 5,610 705

1967 6,305 5,610 695

1968 6,880 6,150 730

1969 6,430 5,750 680

1970 6,250 5,595 655

1971 7,215 6,515 700

1972 7,810 7,070 740

1973 7,750 7,090 660

1974 6,560 6,045 515

1975 6,535 6,145 390

1976 7,415 7,010 405

1977 7,805 7,360 445

1978 8,005 7,560 445

1979 7,515 7,085 430

1980 6,430 6,040 390

1981 6,460 6,095 365

1982 6,230 5,885 345

1983 7,480 7,110 370

1984 7,685 7,335 350

1985 7,810 7,510 300

1986 8,285 7,960 325

1987 9,075 8,700 375

1988 8,950 8,580 370

1989 8,495 8,119 376

1990 8,331 7,942 389

1991 7,489 7,081 408

1992 7,800 7,339 461

1993 7,800 7,333 467

1994 7,958 7,456 502

1995 10,685 10,165 520

1996f 10,157 9,842 315

1997f 10,367 9,967 400

1998f 10,367 9,967 400

1999f 10,367 9,967 400

a

Includes small volumes of imported logs.

b

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (41).

d

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (54).

e

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (44).

f

Preliminary.

Table 23—Veneer log production,a

 by softwoods and 

hardwoods, 1965–1999 (million board feet, local log rule)b
48 

Paper, board, 

Consumption in U.S. mills and wood pulp

U.S. total Domestic production (pulpwood equivalent)

consump- Roundwood Net Net

Year tion Total Total Total Softwoods Hardwoods Residueb imports Imports Exports imports Imports Exports

1965 63,519 54,034 52,884 39,129 28,201 10,928 13,755 1,150 1,305 155 9,485 13,487 4,001

1966 67,429 57,399 56,294 41,809 29,900 11,910 14,484 1,105 1,385 280 10,030 14,367 4,337

1967 67,377 58,419 57,469 41,441 29,967 11,474 16,028 950 1,590 640 8,958 13,789 4,831

1968 69,214 60,969 60,734 43,535 31,690 11,845 17,199 235 1,425 1,190 8,245 13,643 5,398

1969 73,428 64,577 65,257 47,499 34,239 13,260 17,758 -680 980 1,660 8,851 14,956 6,105

1970 73,308 66,732 67,577 49,467 37,212 12,255 18,110 -845 1,120 1,965 6,576 14,310 7,734

1971 74,286 66,601 66,906 46,295 33,533 12,763 20,610 -305 1,225 1,530 7,685 14,375 6,690

1972 75,685 68,068 69,023 45,311 31,784 13,527 23,712 -955 1,020 1,975 7,616 14,263 6,646

1973 80,294 71,421 72,891 46,269 31,496 14,773 26,622 -1,470 1,200 2,670 8,873 15,483 6,610

1974 84,452 75,787 77,957 50,394 34,268 16,126 27,563 -2,170 965 3,135 8,665 17,057 8,392

1975 69,231 63,941 65,821 41,029 29,035 11,993 24,792 -1,880 765 2,645 5,290 12,172 6,882

1976 78,092 71,094 73,249 45,527 31,856 13,671 27,722 -2,155 1,115 3,270 6,998 14,019 7,021

1977 80,486 72,952 74,972 44,538 31,022 13,516 30,434 -2,020 1,350 3,370 7,534 14,548 7,014

1978 84,346 75,073 76,453 46,722 31,778 14,943 29,731 -1,380 1,675 3,055 9,272 16,205 6,933

1979 87,651 78,680 81,065 50,699 35,389 15,310 30,366 -2,385 1,405 3,790 8,971 16,847 7,876

1980 87,055 81,921 84,031 52,107 36,941 15,166 31,925 -2,110 1,590 3,700 5,134 16,256 11,122

1981 86,814 81,003 82,468 51,390 35,685 15,704 31,079 -1,465 1,490 2,955 5,811 15,579 9,768

1982 82,127 76,912 77,862 49,093 33,829 15,264 28,769 -950 1,405 2,355 5,215 14,302 9,087

1983 91,044 84,504 84,829 51,612 33,413 18,199 33,217 -325 1,715 2,040 6,540 16,312 9,772

1984 95,854 86,282 86,377 52,324 33,945 18,379 34,054 -95 1,825 1,920 9,572 18,697 9,125

1985 95,325 85,380 86,600 52,698 33,097 19,602 33,901 -1,220 650 1,870 9,945 19,198 9,253

1986 100,144 91,187 92,502 57,723 35,630 22,094 34,779 -1,315 630 1,945 8,957 19,974 11,017

1987 102,445 93,005 94,590 58,538 37,172 21,367 36,052 -1,585 430 2,015 9,440 20,882 11,442

1988 101,737 93,000 95,030 59,342 37,359 21,984 35,688 -2,030 735 2,765 8,737 20,779 12,042

1989 100,276 92,615 93,831 59,924 37,755 22,169 33,907 -1,216 988 2,204 7,661 20,341 12,679

1990 99,361 92,561 93,936 61,758 39,559 22,199 32,178 -1,376 917 2,293 6,801 19,847 13,046

1991 95,483 91,925 93,246 62,701 40,213 22,488 30,545 -1,321 1,025 2,346 3,558 18,304 14,746

1992 96,146 93,643 95,239 63,489 39,918 23,571 31,749 -1,596 857 2,453 2,503 18,451 15,947

1993 96,089 90,996 92,759 62,122 37,621 24,501 30,637 -1,764 745 2,509 5,094 19,485 14,392

1994 98,142 93,259 95,327 63,698 38,312 25,387 31,629 -2,068 544 2,612 4,883 19,965 15,082

1995 101,568 97,272 99,258 68,455 40,778 27,677 30,803 -1,986 303 2,290 4,296 21,468 17,172

1996 92,367 90,367 92,560 64,752 38,738 26,014 27,808 -2,193 334 2,527 1,999 18,411 16,412

1997c 87,336 84,674 87,400 56,703 35,205 21,498 30,697 -2,726 357 3,083 2,662 18,528 15,866

1998 86,819 82,555 85,335 56,315 34,947 21,368 29,020 -2,780 231 3,011 4,264 17,915 13,651

1999d 86,766 79,972 82,912 53,222 32,464 20,758 29,690 -2,940 144 3,084 6,793 19,756 12,963

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (52,56,57); U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Forest Service (17,36,37,38); American Pulpwood Association (12); American Forest and Paper Association (2, 4);

 U.S. International Trade Commission (69). Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

b

Chips produced from roundwood and byproducts from primary processing plants, such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores.

c

Revised.

d

Preliminary.

Table 24—Pulpwood consumption, production, imports, exports, and equivalent wood volume of imports and exports 

of paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–1999 (thousand cords)a
49 

Table 25—Pulpwood production from softwoods and hardwoods, by region,a 1965–1999 (million cords)b

All sections North South West

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYearc Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods

1965 52.9 40.1 12.8 9.0 4.1 4.9 31.2 23.8 7.4 12.7 12.2 0.5

1966 56.3 42.1 14.2 10.3 4.4 5.9 33.1 25.4 7.7 12.9 12.3 0.6

1967 57.5 43.6 13.9 10.3 4.5 5.8 33.6 25.9 7.7 13.6 13.2 0.4

1968 60.7 46.6 14.1 9.8 4.3 5.5 36.5 28.3 8.2 14.4 14.0 0.4

1969 65.3 48.8 16.5 10.3 4.1 6.2 40.0 30.2 9.8 15.0 14.5 0.5

1970 67.6 50.7 16.9 11.3 4.6 6.7 41.1 31.4 9.7 15.2 14.7 0.5

1971 66.9 50.3 16.6 10.5 4.0 6.5 41.1 31.5 9.6 15.3 14.8 0.5

1972 69.0 51.0 18.0 10.7 4.0 6.7 42.3 31.7 10.6 16.0 15.3 0.7

1973 72.9 52.7 20.2 12.8 4.6 8.2 43.4 32.1 11.3 16.7 16.0 0.7

1974 78.0 55.8 22.2 13.9 5.1 8.8 46.1 33.6 12.5 18.0 17.1 0.9

1975 65.8 50.1 15.7 10.4 4.2 6.2 40.7 31.7 9.0 14.7 14.2 0.5

1976 73.2 54.1 19.1 12.2 4.8 7.4 44.3 33.2 11.1 16.7 16.1 0.6

1977 75.0 55.7 19.3 12.5 4.9 7.6 45.2 34.2 11.0 17.3 16.6 0.7

1978 76.5 55.3 21.2 13.0 5.2 7.8 47.7 35.0 12.7 15.8 15.1 0.7

1979 81.1 58.3 22.8 14.0 5.5 8.5 50.2 36.7 13.5 16.9 16.1 0.8

1980 84.0 60.6 23.4 14.3 5.7 8.6 50.7 36.9 13.8 19.0 18.0 1.0

1981 82.5 59.6 22.9 13.9 5.6 8.3 51.6 37.7 13.9 17.0 16.3 0.7

1982 77.9 56.3 21.6 13.1 5.9 7.2 50.2 36.6 13.6 14.6 13.8 0.8

1983 84.8 59.9 24.9 14.4 5.6 8.8 53.9 38.5 15.4 16.5 15.8 0.7

1984 86.4 61.1 25.3 14.7 6.0 8.7 54.4 38.7 15.7 17.3 16.4 0.9

1985 86.6 60.6 26.0 14.6 5.8 8.8 56.2 39.9 16.3 15.8 14.9 0.9

1986 92.5 64.0 28.5 15.2 5.7 9.5 59.9 42.0 17.9 17.4 16.3 1.1

1987 94.6 65.6 29.0 15.4 5.8 9.6 61.5 43.2 18.3 17.7 16.6 1.1

1988 95.0 65.7 29.3 14.8 5.4 9.4 61.8 42.9 18.9 18.4 17.4 1.0

1989 93.8 64.3 29.5 14.0 5.1 8.9 62.8 43.3 19.5 17.0 15.9 1.1

1990 93.9 63.1 30.8 14.0 5.0 9.0 65.4 44.6 20.8 14.5 13.5 1.0

1991 93.2 62.4 30.8 14.2 5.2 9.0 66.8 45.8 21.0 12.2 11.4 0.8

1992 95.2 59.8 35.4 13.9 5.0 8.9 70.9 45.0 25.9 10.4 9.8 0.6

1993 92.8 55.7 37.1 15.0 5.6 9.4 71.9 44.8 27.1 5.9 5.3 0.6

1994 95.3 56.1 39.2 15.4 5.6 9.8 74.7 45.8 28.9 5.2 4.7 0.5

1995 99.3 60.2 39.1 16.8 7.2 9.6 78.3 49.6 28.7 4.2 3.4 0.8

1996 92.6 58.5 34.1 15.2 6.8 8.4 73.9 48.9 25.0 3.5 2.8 0.7

1997 87.4 59.9 27.5 14.9 7.5 7.4 69.1 49.7 19.5 3.4 2.7 0.6

1998 85.3 57.5 27.8 14.7 6.9 7.8 67.4 48.1 19.3 3.3 2.6 0.7

1999 82.9 56.0 26.9 14.3 6.8 7.5 65.5 46.7 18.8 3.1 2.5 0.7

a

The West includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

 The South includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,

 Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

 The North includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York,

 Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

b

American Pulpwood Association (12); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding. All numbers were revised.

c

Data for the years 1989 to present are domestic receipts including chips at pulp mills.
50 

Louisianaa Northern New Hampshireb

Year Southern pine Hardwoods Hemlock and pinec

Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992

dollars dollarsd dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 4.40 15.94 1.60 5.80 1.75 6.34 4.50 16.30

1966 4.55 16.02 1.70 5.99 2.60 9.15 5.25 18.49

1967 4.60 16.14 1.75 6.14 2.10 7.37 5.25 18.42

1968 4.65 15.92 1.85 6.34 2.00 6.85 5.25 17.98

1969 4.65 15.30 1.90 6.25 1.85 6.09 4.50 14.80

1970 4.70 14.92 1.95 6.19 1.75 5.56 4.50 14.29

1971 4.75 14.62 N/A N/A 1.75 5.38 4.50 13.85

1972 4.75 13.97 2.10 6.18 2.00 5.88 4.50 13.24

1973 5.20 13.54 2.40 6.25 2.00 5.21 4.50 11.72

1974 6.05 13.27 2.70 5.92 2.65 5.81 5.50 12.06

1975 6.40 12.85 2.80 5.62 2.65 5.32 6.00 12.05

1976 6.70 12.86 2.80 5.37 2.65 5.09 6.50 12.48

1977 7.10 12.82 2.95 5.32 2.65 4.78 6.50 11.73

1978 7.80 13.09 3.15 5.29 2.90 4.87 7.00 11.74

1979 9.30 13.84 3.65 5.43 3.75 5.58 8.00 11.90

1980 10.30 13.45 4.10 5.35 5.00 6.53 8.00 10.44

1981 12.65 15.13 4.30 5.14 5.00 5.98 8.00 9.57

1982 14.30 16.76 4.50 5.28 5.00 5.86 8.00 9.38

1983 14.85 17.19 4.80 5.56 5.00 5.79 8.50 9.84

1984 17.65 19.94 4.35 4.92 5.00 5.65 8.50 9.60

1985 15.20 17.25 4.40 4.99 4.00 4.54 9.00 10.22

1986 12.05 14.09 4.30 5.03 3.75 4.39 9.00 10.53

1987 13.85 15.79 5.35 6.10 3.75 4.28 9.00 10.26

1988 15.95 17.49 5.20 5.70 3.50 3.84 10.00 10.96

1989 18.33 19.15 5.54 5.79 4.00 4.18 11.00 11.49

1990 17.88 18.02 5.45 5.49 6.00 6.05 12.50 12.60

1991 20.80 20.93 8.19 8.24 6.00 6.04 14.00 14.08

1992 23.50 23.50 7.84 7.84 5.75 5.75 11.75 11.75

1993 25.07 24.70 9.77 9.63 6.00 5.91 16.50 16.26

1994 23.51 22.89 10.12 9.85 11.50 11.20 12.00 10.96

1995 24.35 22.89 10.40 9.77 N/A N/A N/A N/A

1996 23.84 21.87 12.63 11.59 N/A N/A N/A N/A

1997 23.95 22.01 15.05 13.83 N/A N/A N/A N/A

1998 29.24 26.49 17.06 15.45 N/A N/A N/A N/A

1999 26.28 21.85 13.75 11.43 22.27 18.52 12.50 10.40

a

Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of Marketing (18); 

b

New Hampshire University, Cooperative Extention Service, 

and New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development (23).

c

Includes tamarack.

d

Derived by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producers

 price index for all commodities (1992 = 100).

Spruce and fir

Table 26—Pulpwood stumpage prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 

1965–1999 (dollars per cord)
51 

Louisianab

Year Southern pine Hardwoods Hemlock and pined Spruce and fir

Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992 Current 1992

dollars dollarse dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 15.70 56.88 13.65 49.46 16.85 61.05 21.00 76.09 16.50 59.78

1966 16.50 58.10 14.80 52.11 17.75 62.50 22.00 77.46 17.50 61.62

1967 16.50 57.89 14.85 52.11 20.25 71.05 22.40 78.60 17.50 61.40

1968 17.00 58.22 16.30 55.82 19.55 66.95 22.15 75.86 N/A N/A

1969 17.75 58.39 17.40 57.24 19.45 63.98 23.20 76.32 18.90 62.17

1970 17.75 56.35 17.45 55.40 19.50 61.90 23.40 74.29 20.00 63.49

1971 N/A N/A N/A N/A 19.50 60.00 23.40 72.00 20.25 62.31

1972 19.25 56.62 19.00 55.88 19.25 56.62 23.75 69.85 22.00 64.71

1973 22.50 58.59 22.00 57.29 20.40 53.13 25.50 66.41 23.50 61.20

1974 28.30 62.06 24.95 54.71 21.25 46.60 30.00 65.79 26.50 58.11

1975 29.25 58.73 26.20 52.61 25.15 50.50 30.50 61.24 28.50 57.23

1976 30.45 58.45 26.10 50.10 30.40 58.35 31.50 60.46 31.65 60.75

1977 31.65 57.13 27.20 49.10 32.50 58.66 36.50 65.88 33.00 59.57

1978 34.55 57.97 28.30 47.48 34.50 57.89 39.00 65.44 35.00 58.72

1979 38.95 57.96 32.05 47.69 36.65 54.54 44.00 65.48 37.00 55.06

1980 41.45 54.11 33.60 43.86 36.65 47.85 46.00 60.05 41.50 54.18

1981 44.20 52.87 34.20 40.91 41.50 49.64 49.00 58.61 44.00 52.63

1982 46.95 55.04 35.25 41.32 41.50 48.65 49.00 57.44 44.00 51.58

1983 47.60 55.09 35.30 40.86 41.50 48.03 49.00 56.71 46.50 53.82

1984 42.75 48.31 N/A N/A 41.50 46.89 49.00 55.37 47.50 53.67

1985 49.20 55.85 37.50 42.57 41.50 47.11 49.00 55.62 46.50 52.78

1986 48.10 56.26 35.40 41.40 41.50 48.54 49.50 57.89 47.00 54.97

1987 50.65 57.75 45.35 51.71 41.50 47.32 49.50 56.44 47.00 53.59

1988 52.25 57.29 46.85 51.37 41.50 45.50 50.50 55.37 47.50 52.08

1989 55.19 57.67 46.49 48.58 41.50 43.36 50.50 52.77 51.00 53.29

1990 55.64 56.09 47.86 48.25 48.50 48.89 56.75 57.21 50.75 51.16

1991 61.04 61.41 52.37 52.69 50.00 50.30 66.75 67.15 50.75 51.06

1992 64.11 64.11 46.85 46.85 47.00 47.00 66.00 66.00 49.50 49.50

1993 66.15 65.17 51.54 50.78 49.00 48.28 65.00 64.04 49.50 48.77

1994 57.55 56.04 55.23 53.78 65.50 63.78 44.00 42.84 50.50 49.17

1995 67.93 63.84 73.06 68.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

1996 62.55 57.39 57.45 52.71 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

1997 72.30 66.45 70.19 64.51 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

1998 74.87 67.83 58.55 53.04 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

1999 64.61 53.73 53.24 44.28 49.77 41.39 27.50 22.87 26.59 22.11

a

All numbers reflect the delivered timber price.

b

Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of Marketing (18); f.o.b. car.

c

New Hampshire University, Cooperative Extension Service, and New Hampshire Department of

 Resources and Economic Development (23).

d

Includes tamarack.

e

Derived by dividing price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producer price

 index for all commodities (1992 = 100).

Northern New Hampshirec

Hardwoods

Table 27—Pulpwood prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–1999 

(dollars per standard cord, including bark)a 
52 

Production Imports Exports Consumption Per capita consumption

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYear Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woodsb woods Total woods woods Total woods woods

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion

board board board board board board board board board board board board Board Board Board

feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 38.7 29.3 9.4 5.2 4.9 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1 43.0 33.4 9.6 221 172 50

1966 38.6 28.8 9.8 5.2 4.8 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 42.7 32.7 10.0 217 167 51

1967 37.5 28.2 9.3 5.1 4.8 0.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 41.4 32.0 9.4 208 161 47

1968 38.0 29.3 8.7 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1 43.0 34.1 8.9 214 170 45

1969 37.1 28.3 8.7 6.3 5.9 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1 42.3 33.2 9.0 209 164 45

1970 35.9 27.5 8.3 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.1 40.8 32.2 8.5 199 157 42

1971 38.5 30.0 8.4 7.6 7.2 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 45.0 36.3 8.6 217 175 42

1972 39.5 31.0 8.5 9.4 9.0 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.2 47.5 38.8 8.7 226 185 41

1973 40.4 31.6 8.8 9.5 9.0 0.5 2.0 1.8 0.2 47.9 38.8 9.1 226 183 43

1974 36.2 27.7 8.4 7.2 6.8 0.4 1.8 1.6 0.2 41.6 32.9 8.6 194 154 40

1975 34.1 26.7 7.3 6.0 5.7 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 38.5 31.0 7.4 178 144 34

1976 37.7 29.7 8.0 8.3 8.0 0.3 1.8 1.6 0.2 44.2 36.1 8.1 203 166 37

1977 40.2 31.7 8.5 10.7 10.4 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 49.3 40.7 8.6 224 185 39

1978 41.0 32.1 9.0 12.3 11.9 0.4 1.8 1.4 0.4 51.5 42.6 9.0 231 191 40

1979 40.7 31.4 9.3 11.6 11.2 0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 50.1 40.8 9.3 223 181 41

1980 35.4 26.2 9.2 9.9 9.6 0.3 2.5 2.0 0.5 42.8 33.8 9.0 188 149 39

1981 32.2 24.7 7.5 9.5 9.2 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 39.3 32.0 7.3 171 139 32

1982 31.8 23.8 8.0 9.0 8.8 0.2 2.0 1.6 0.4 38.8 31.0 7.8 167 133 34

1983 38.5 29.7 8.8 11.7 11.5 0.2 2.3 1.8 0.5 47.9 39.4 8.5 204 168 36

1984 41.3 31.2 10.1 13.0 12.7 0.3 2.1 1.6 0.5 52.1 42.3 9.8 220 179 42

1985 40.9 31.3 9.6 14.4 14.1 0.3 1.9 1.5 0.4 53.4 43.9 9.5 224 184 40

1986 45.8 35.3 10.5 14.1 13.8 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 57.4 47.2 10.2 239 196 43

1987 49.5 38.2 11.3 14.6 14.2 0.4 3.2 2.5 0.7 60.9 50.0 10.9 251 206 45

1988 49.9 38.1 11.7 13.8 13.5 0.3 4.5 3.3 1.2 59.2 48.3 10.9 242 197 44

1989 49.6 37.5 12.1 15.3 14.9 0.4 4.2 3.4 0.9 60.6 49.1 11.6 245 198 47

1990 48.1 35.8 12.3 13.1 12.9 0.3 3.8 2.9 0.9 57.4 45.7 11.7 230 183 47

1991 44.3 33.2 11.2 11.8 11.5 0.2 4.0 3.1 0.9 52.1 41.6 10.5 206 165 41

1992 45.9 34.5 11.4 13.5 13.2 0.3 3.6 2.6 1.0 55.8 45.1 10.7 219 177 42

1993 45.2 32.9 12.2 15.4 15.1 0.3 3.4 2.3 1.0 57.2 45.7 11.5 222 177 45

1994 46.5 34.1 12.4 16.6 16.2 0.4 3.3 2.2 1.1 59.8 48.2 11.7 230 185 45

1995 44.9 32.2 12.6 17.6 17.2 0.4 2.9 1.9 1.1 59.5 47.6 11.9 226 181 45

1996 45.8 33.3 12.5 18.4 18.0 0.4 2.9 1.8 1.1 61.3 49.5 11.8 231 186 44

1997 47.3 34.7 12.7 18.5 18.0 0.5 2.9 1.6 1.2 62.9 51.0 11.9 235 190 44

1998 48.6 34.7 13.9 19.0 18.5 0.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 65.4 52.0 13.4 242 192 50

1999 51.0 36.7 14.3 19.9 19.2 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.2 68.3 54.5 13.8 250 200 51

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (47); American Forest and Paper Association (3); U.S. Forest Service (19);

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data has been revised. 

b

Includes small volumes of mixed species (not classified as softwoods or hardwoods).

Table 28—Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–1999a
53 

Table 29—Lumber production, from softwoods and hardwoods by region,a 1965–1999 (billion board feet)b

North South Westc

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYear Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods

1965 38.7 29.3 9.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 12.7 6.8 5.9 21.6 21.4 0.2

1966 38.6 28.8 9.8 4.5 1.1 3.4 12.9 6.7 6.2 21.2 21.0 0.2

1967 37.5 28.2 9.3 4.5 1.1 3.4 12.4 6.6 5.8 19.7 19.6 0.1

1968 38.0 29.3 8.7 4.5 1.1 3.4 12.2 7.0 5.2 21.3 21.2 0.1

1969 37.1 28.3 8.7 4.6 1.1 3.5 12.3 7.3 5.0 20.1 19.9 0.2

1970 35.9 27.5 8.3 4.4 1.0 3.4 12.0 7.2 4.8 19.4 19.3 0.1

1971 38.5 30.0 8.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 12.9 7.9 5.0 21.1 21.0 0.1

1972 39.5 31.0 8.5 4.4 1.1 3.3 13.0 8.0 5.0 22.1 21.9 0.2

1973 40.4 31.6 8.8 4.6 1.1 3.5 13.2 8.0 5.2 22.6 22.5 0.1

1974 36.2 27.7 8.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 11.9 7.0 4.9 19.8 19.6 0.2

1975 34.1 26.7 7.3 4.1 1.1 3.0 11.1 7.0 4.1 18.8 18.6 0.2

1976 37.7 29.7 8.0 6.2 1.8 4.5 16.5 13.4 3.1 28.8 28.6 0.2

1977 40.2 31.7 8.5 6.7 1.9 4.8 17.6 14.3 3.3 30.9 30.7 0.2

1978 41.0 32.1 9.0 6.9 1.9 5.0 17.9 14.4 3.5 31.7 31.5 0.2

1979 40.7 31.4 9.3 7.1 1.9 5.2 17.8 14.1 3.6 31.5 31.3 0.2

1980 35.4 26.2 9.2 6.7 1.6 5.1 15.4 11.8 3.6 26.5 26.2 0.3

1981 32.2 24.7 7.5 5.7 1.5 4.2 14.0 11.1 2.9 12.1 11.8 0.3

1982 31.8 23.8 8.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 13.5 8.8 4.7 14.2 13.9 0.3

1983 38.5 29.7 8.8 4.3 1.3 3.0 15.7 10.3 5.4 18.3 18.1 0.2

1984 41.3 31.2 10.1 4.5 1.2 3.3 17.1 10.7 6.4 19.5 19.3 0.2

1985 40.9 31.3 9.6 4.2 1.2 3.0 15.9 10.2 5.7 20.1 19.9 0.2

1986 45.8 35.3 10.5 5.0 1.4 3.6 18.8 11.7 7.1 22.4 22.2 0.2

1987 49.5 38.2 11.3 5.3 1.5 3.8 19.9 12.3 7.6 24.8 24.5 0.3

1988 49.9 38.1 11.7 5.3 1.4 3.9 20.7 12.7 8.0 24.3 24.0 0.3

1989 49.6 37.5 12.1 4.4 1.2 3.2 21.2 12.3 8.9 24.3 24.0 0.3

1990 48.1 35.8 12.3 3.9 1.5 2.4 22.5 12.6 9.9 22.1 21.7 0.4

1991 44.3 33.2 11.2 4.8 1.5 3.3 20.0 12.1 7.9 20.0 19.6 0.4

1992 45.9 34.5 11.4 4.7 1.6 3.1 21.1 13.0 8.1 20.3 19.9 0.4

1993 45.2 32.9 12.2 7.8 1.9 5.9 21.0 15.4 5.6 16.0 15.6 0.4

1994 46.5 34.1 12.4 8.0 1.9 6.1 21.8 16.0 5.8 16.6 16.2 0.4

1995 44.9 32.2 12.6 8.1 1.9 6.1 21.1 15.3 5.8 15.4 15.0 0.4

1996 45.8 33.3 12.5 7.9 2.0 5.9 22.0 15.7 6.3 16.7 16.3 0.4

1997 47.3 34.7 12.7 9.2 2.1 7.1 20.5 15.6 4.9 17.1 16.6 0.5

1998 48.6 34.7 13.9 9.9 2.1 7.8 21.0 15.6 5.4 17.2 16.6 0.6

1999 51.0 36.7 14.3 10.2 2.2 8.0 22.1 16.5 5.6 18.2 17.6 0.6

a

The West includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,

 South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The South includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 

 Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

 The North includes the remaining 24 states.

b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (47); American Forest and Paper Association (3); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

c

Western Wood Products Association (71).

All regions
54 

Table 30 —Lumber production in the United States, 1965–1999 (million board feet)

Year Howarda 89 RPAb USDCc AF&PAd WWPAe Adamsf Finalg Howarda 89 RPAb Total West AF&PAd WWPAe Adamsf 

1965 29,295 29,295 29,295 29,240 28,230 28,149 29,295 9,440 9,431 7,467 161 7,655 7,467 9,447 1966 28,847 28,847 28,847 — 27,973 27,879 28,847 9,771 9,771 7,737 204 — 7,737 9,782 1967 28,172 28,172 28,172 — 27,069 26,978 28,172 9,311 9,311 7,430 197 — 7,430 9,320 1968 29,285 30,224 29,285 — 28,936 28,832 29,285 8,735 8,432 7,188 156 — 7,188 8,795 1969 28,342 28,342 28,342 — 27,900 28,193 28,342 8,727 7,849 7,482 157 — 7,482 8,739 1970 27,530 27,297 27,530 — 27,107 27,001 27,530 8,330 7,701 7,138 127 — 7,138 8,340 1971 30,039 30,040 30,039 — 29,432 29,327 30,039 8,447 8,106 6,949 142 — 6,949 8,454 1972 30,975 30,975 30,975 — 30,873 30,763 30,975 8,494 8,230 6,770 139 — 6,770 8,502 1973 31,586 31,586 31,586 — 31,289 31,149 31,586 8,792 8,792 7,009 151 — 7,008 8,802 1974 27,704 28,357 27,704 — 27,193 27,059 27,704 8,448 8,448 6,904 189 — 6,904 8,459 1975 26,747 26,148 26,747 — 25,711 25,602 26,747 7,304 7,304 5,872 146 — 5,872 7,309 1976 30,600 30,274 30,571 29,693 29,693 29,510 29,693 7,977 7,978 6,427 177 7,801 6,417 7,983 1977 32,700 32,159 32,661 31,737 31,737 31,496 31,737 8,500 8,500 6,701 184 8,317 6,680 8,506 1978 33,500 32,585 33,467 32,057 32,057 31,698 32,057 8,960 8,959 7,031 232 8,728 8,728 8,963 1979 33,300 31,942 33,255 31,432 31,432 31,044 31,432 9,308 9,305 7,314 238 9,069 9,069 9,313 1980 28,200 26,966 28,239 26,246 26,246 25,632 26,246 9,157 9,087 7,115 297 8,860 8,860 9,160 1981 25,400 24,956 25,432 24,676 24,676 24,518 24,676 7,480 8,018 6,252 334 7,147 7,147 7,378 1982 23,787 24,098 24,949 23,787 23,787 23,631 23,787 7,996 7,854 5,061 329 7,668 7,668 7,995 1983 29,726 29,991 28,926 29,726 29,726 29,547 29,726 8,767 8,822 5,627 211 8,556 8,556 8,768 1984 31,174 31,192 30,801 31,174 31,174 30,945 31,174 10,090 9,826 6,264 211 9,865 9,865 10,082 1985 31,321 30,853 30,479 31,321 31,321 31,092 31,321 9,597 9,474 5,966 204 8,866 8,866 9,597 1986 35,273 34,700 34,815 35,273 35,273 35,003 35,273 10,477 10,311 7,184 249 10,877 10,877 10,819 1987 38,325 — 37,410 38,235 38,235 38,039 38,235 11,263 — 7,476 253 11,695 11,695 11,465 1988 38,130 — 36,845 38,130 38,130 37,826 38,130 11,741 — 7,731 275 12,170 12,170 12,151 1989 37,545 — 36,040 37,545 37,225 37,225 37,545 12,056 — 7,536 313 12,415 12,415 12,236 1990 35,791 — 36,224 35,791 35,459 35,459 35,791 12,321 — 7,242 374 12,660 12,660 12,369 1991 33,161 — 33,064 33,161 32,800 32,800 33,161 11,168 — 6,766 363 11,633 11,633 11,383 1992 34,526 — 33,704 34,526 34,151 34,151 34,526 11,423 — 7,050 416 11,639 11,639 11,630 1993 32,947 — 34,725 32,947 32,517 32,517 32,947 12,219 — 10,631 438 11,914 11,914 12,170 1994 34,107 — 35,556 34,107 33,657 33,657 34,107 12,385 — 10,910 445 12,311 12,311 12,311 1995 32,233 — 33,043 32,233 31,782 31,782 32,233 12,644 — 10,928 441 12,434 12,434 12,434 1996 33,266 — 34,065 33,266 32,859 32,859 33,266 12,488 — 10,690 449 — — 12,705 1997 34,667 — 35,457 34,667 34,663 34,662 34,667 12,673 — 11,103 468 — — — 1998 34,677 — 35,358 34,677 34,678 — 34,677 13,908 — 11,202 408 — — — 

1999j 36,674 — 35,358 36,674 36,816 — 36,674 14,308 — 11,202 408 — — — 

aData derived from table 27.bU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (42).cU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (47).d1950-1965: National Forest Products Association. 1966. Forest Industry facts 1966. Washington, DC: National Forest Products Association. 31 p.

 1986-Present: American Forest and Paper Association (3).

eWestern Wood Products Associaton (72).fAdams, Darius (1).gFinal estimated Forest Service softwood lumber production series: 1950-1975: USDC Bureau of the Census. 1998. 1976-Present AF&PA 1998 (6).hForest Service (19). Estimated Eastern hardwood lumber production.iFinal estimated Forest Service hardwood lumber production series: 1965-1998: Luppold (19) plus USDC Bureau of the Census 1998 (West) (47).j1999 USDC numbers and 1999 Luppold number are preliminary.

USDCc

Softwood Hardwood
55 

All species Softwoods Hardwoods

Year Total Canada Mexico Otherb Totalc Canada Mexico Otherb Total Canada Mexico Otherb

1965 5,232.4 5,016.6 10.1 205.7 4,898.1 4,855.7 8.1 34.3 334.3 160.9 2.0 171.4

1966 5,200.0 4,920.9 5.2 273.9 4,779.2 4,730.4 3.7 45.1 420.8 190.5 1.5 228.8

1967 5,140.8 4,902.5 5.6 232.7 4,798.1 4,747.1 3.1 47.9 342.7 155.4 2.5 184.8

1968 6,154.2 5,899.2 4.0 251.0 5,809.1 5,750.0 3.2 55.9 345.1 149.2 0.8 195.1

1969 6,300.6 5,963.4 6.6 330.6 5,854.0 5,784.4 5.8 63.8 446.6 179.0 0.8 266.8

1970 6,114.4 5,867.6 7.5 239.3 5,777.7 5,722.5 5.5 49.7 336.7 145.1 2.0 189.6

1971 7,589.4 7,314.5 6.5 268.4 7,231.7 7,172.0 4.9 54.8 357.7 142.5 1.6 213.6

1972 9,433.6 9,029.2 20.5 383.9 8,984.8 8,877.8 18.6 88.4 448.8 151.4 1.9 295.5

1973 9,568.6 8,999.3 20.4 548.9 9,019.9 8,843.9 17.5 158.5 548.7 155.4 2.9 390.4

1974 7,270.8 6,847.3 6.1 417.4 6,821.1 6,732.2 2.4 86.5 449.7 115.1 3.7 330.9

1975 5,975.8 5,738.8 28.5 208.5 5,723.8 5,677.0 0.4 46.4 252.0 61.8 28.1 162.1

1976 8,246.8 7,995.3 1.0 250.5 7,958.5 7,912.6 0.8 45.1 288.3 82.7 0.2 205.4

1977 10,713.3 10,408.0 7.0 298.3 10,369.6 10,327.0 1.2 41.4 343.7 81.0 5.8 256.9

1978 12,214.6 11,879.4 11.9 323.3 11,853.2 11,776.7 11.3 65.2 361.4 102.7 0.6 258.1

1979 11,529.5 11,187.6 4.7 337.2 11,153.3 11,100.9 3.1 49.3 376.2 86.7 1.6 287.9

1980 9,866.1 9,618.7 2.9 244.5 9,572.9 9,546.3 2.5 24.1 293.2 72.4 0.4 220.4

1981 9,523.2 9,285.4 1.8 236.0 9,232.1 9,208.1 1.5 22.5 291.1 77.3 0.3 213.5

1982 9,360.5 9,191.8 6.5 162.2 9,149.5 9,114.9 1.1 33.5 211.0 76.9 5.4 128.7

1983 12,253.5 12,039.6 13.6 200.3 11,993.0 11,962.7 12.0 18.3 260.5 76.9 1.6 182.0

1984 13,632.1 13,342.8 14.6 274.7 13,304.4 13,252.3 11.8 40.3 327.7 90.5 2.8 234.4

1985 14,995.6 14,636.1 12.2 347.3 14,632.0 14,531.7 11.8 88.5 363.6 104.4 0.4 258.8

1986 14,585.1 14,250.0 32.8 302.3 14,238.2 14,142.3 31.9 64.0 346.9 107.7 0.9 238.3

1987 15,191.5 14,763.3 55.1 373.1 14,680.4 14,600.8 54.1 25.5 511.1 162.5 1.0 347.6

1988 13,755.1 12,999.2 72.9 683.0 13,450.3 12,855.2 72.5 522.6 304.8 144.0 0.3 160.5

1989 15,232.2 13,964.2 193.4 1,074.7 14,882.8 13,761.2 193.0 928.6 349.4 202.9 0.4 146.0

1990 13,062.9 11,918.4 360.4 784.1 12,831.3 11,804.7 360.3 666.3 231.7 113.6 0.2 117.8

1991 11,708.1 11,517.6 48.0 142.6 11,498.0 11,410.8 47.8 39.4 210.2 106.8 0.2 103.2

1992 13,426.5 13,207.9 53.3 165.3 13,166.6 13,055.1 53.1 58.5 259.9 152.8 0.2 106.8

1993 15,368.5 15,059.7 51.7 257.1 15,055.0 14,856.2 51.6 147.2 313.5 203.5 0.2 109.8

1994 16,534.3 16,103.5 51.6 379.2 16,165.1 15,871.6 51.4 242.1 369.3 231.9 0.2 137.1

1995 17,523.8 16,989.5 108.8 425.4 17,169.5 16,780.5 106.2 282.8 354.3 209.0 2.7 142.7

1996 18,363.0 17,823.6 120.9 418.5 17,986.2 17,593.2 117.6 275.4 376.8 230.4 3.3 143.1

1997 18,237.1 17,535.7 124.4 577.0 17,785.9 17,235.5 120.0 430.4 451.2 300.2 4.4 146.6

1998 19,011.6 18,227.8 70.1 713.8 18,462.8 17,838.0 66.5 558.3 548.8 389.8 3.5 155.5

1999 19,900.0 18,486.5 58.3 1,355.2 19,200.0 18,021.2 56.9 1,121.9 700.0 465.4 1.4 233.3

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (31); Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

For the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.

c

Includes small volumes of hardwoods.

Table 31—United States lumber imports, by softwoods, hardwoods, and country of origin, 1965–1999

 (million board feet)a
56 

Table 32—United States lumber exports, by softwoods, hardwoods, and destination, 1965–1999 (million board feet)a

Central Central 

and and 

European South European South European 

Year Total Canada Unionb Americac Japan Other Total Canada Union America Japan Other Total Canada Union 

1965 919.1 285.1 249.4 1.1 105.7 277.8 778.9 184.0 229.3 1.0 103.1 261.5 140.2 101.1 20.1 1966 1,022.6 309.0 250.2 1.3 174.4 287.7 867.9 186.5 230.3 1.2 171.3 278.6 154.7 122.5 19.9 1967 1,129.5 338.0 261.0 1.1 265.8 263.6 965.2 207.6 241.0 1.1 260.7 254.8 164.3 130.4 20.0 1968 1,161.7 295.4 304.3 1.2 288.6 272.2 1,048.1 210.4 288.9 1.1 284.8 262.9 113.6 85.0 15.4 1969 1,142.2 285.0 278.3 1.1 317.3 260.5 1,023.8 198.3 264.6 1.0 309.6 250.3 118.4 86.7 13.7 1970 1,243.4 269.9 299.3 1.3 383.5 289.4 1,115.5 202.6 281.8 1.1 359.6 270.4 127.9 67.3 17.5 1971 1,093.6 289.3 239.0 1.0 323.1 241.2 933.3 206.3 213.8 0.9 287.4 224.9 160.3 83.0 25.2 1972 1,428.3 419.5 286.0 1.0 478.7 243.1 1,191.1 290.1 267.9 0.9 407.2 225.0 237.2 129.4 18.1 1973 1,965.9 548.4 517.0 1.2 569.1 330.2 1,752.7 388.5 488.3 1.0 564.4 310.5 213.2 159.9 28.7 1974 1,765.4 522.3 347.4 1.1 573.9 320.7 1,566.5 382.2 311.3 1.0 570.5 301.5 198.9 140.1 36.1 1975 1,618.1 549.4 244.9 1.3 516.8 305.7 1,405.4 397.5 218.7 1.1 515.3 272.8 212.7 151.9 26.2 1976 1,846.0 619.7 354.5 1.4 478.0 392.4 1,605.5 437.9 316.3 1.3 475.1 374.9 240.5 181.8 38.2 1977 1,665.6 537.4 336.6 1.5 439.6 350.5 1,427.7 365.5 288.6 1.4 436.7 335.5 237.9 171.9 48.0 1978 1,740.9 648.4 347.4 1.3 411.3 332.5 1,353.9 374.4 257.6 1.3 407.6 313.0 387.0 274.0 89.8 1979 2,186.5 651.5 456.1 2.0 647.6 429.3 1,781.3 427.6 345.6 1.9 640.5 365.7 361.1 223.9 110.5 1980 2,506.8 631.3 594.7 3.6 648.9 628.3 2,006.5 388.3 429.2 3.2 633.9 551.9 487.5 243.0 165.5 1981 2,379.0 729.1 398.3 4.0 524.3 723.3 1,927.8 509.1 234.4 3.6 506.5 674.2 478.5 220.0 163.9 1982 2,050.3 418.9 410.6 3.1 627.9 589.8 1,634.9 261.9 248.2 2.9 610.7 511.2 385.9 157.0 162.4 1983 2,319.1 664.1 458.8 2.3 631.6 562.3 1,755.6 433.2 290.6 2.0 595.3 434.5 514.3 230.9 168.2 1984 2,121.0 555.7 345.0 2.7 602.4 615.2 1,623.6 347.7 212.0 2.1 545.0 516.8 526.8 208.0 133.0 1985 1,840.9 431.3 277.0 5.3 617.6 509.7 1,420.1 300.7 177.3 4.7 574.2 363.2 372.7 130.6 99.7 1986 2,422.0 510.1 395.3 10.6 888.3 617.7 1,888.4 361.2 253.3 10.0 827.0 436.9 499.3 148.9 142.0 1987 3,241.0 648.0 528.1 9.0 1,200.5 855.4 2,447.0 445.8 309.5 8.1 1,077.2 606.4 725.8 202.2 218.6 1988 4,347.8 753.7 891.0 5.0 1,532.4 1,165.7 3,227.5 493.9 490.5 3.5 1,280.0 959.6 1,163.2 259.8 400.5 1989 4,136.9 642.7 673.1 7.7 1,614.2 1,199.1 3,339.6 457.1 397.0 6.7 1,457.8 1,021.0 825.3 185.6 276.1 1990 4,614.4 657.6 685.8 6.7 1,270.3 1,994.0 3,752.9 422.7 412.0 6.0 1,145.1 1,767.1 812.8 234.9 273.8 1991 3,880.1 564.8 753.7 10.7 1,215.7 1,335.2 2,999.5 365.4 429.2 10.2 1,086.1 1,108.6 880.9 199.4 324.5 1992 3,512.5 571.7 735.1 9.3 1,112.9 1,083.5 2,567.3 313.8 399.2 8.3 1,003.6 842.5 930.8 258.0 335.9 1993 3,280.3 566.0 548.1 4.7 1,180.5 980.9 2,291.5 267.0 242.8 3.7 1,063.2 714.8 963.7 299.0 305.3 1994 3,115.3 610.7 543.8 7.2 1,056.6 897.0 2,078.0 285.5 230.5 6.4 958.4 597.2 1,003.5 325.1 313.3 1995 2,957.8 650.3 513.4 5.9 978.2 810.0 1,872.1 312.5 201.5 4.7 871.6 481.8 1,057.3 337.8 311.9 1996 2,897.9 664.3 485.3 7.2 961.3 779.8 1,788.7 312.3 178.2 5.3 860.7 432.2 1,089.8 352.0 307.1 1997 2,933.4 713.3 592.3 15.9 796.6 815.3 1,709.4 329.3 206.2 14.0 692.2 467.7 1,224.0 384.0 386.1 1998 2,189.4 576.3 560.8 15.3 355.4 681.5 1,129.2 230.6 207.0 10.8 297.5 383.3 1,060.2 345.7 353.8 1999 2,548.6 659.3 555.8 11.1 353.2 969.1 1,366.5 255.4 214.2 7.3 288.7 600.9 1,182.1 404.0 341.6 

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (31); Data may not add to totals because of rounding.bIncludes Belgium–Luxembourg, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Trieste, and the United Kingdom.cIncludes Mexico.

All species Softwoods Hardwoo
57 

Table 33—Lumbera production in Canada, from softwoods and hardwoods, by region, 

1965–1999 (billion board feet)b

Softwoods Hardwoodsd

British Columbiac Other British Other

Year All species Total Total Coast Interior Canada Total Columbia Canada

1965 10.8 10.3 7.4 3.6 3.8 2.9 0.5 — 0.5

1966 10.6 10.0 7.3 3.7 3.6 2.7 0.6 — 0.6

1967 10.3 9.7 7.1 3.9 3.2 2.6 0.6 — 0.6

1968 11.4 10.8 7.8 4.1 3.7 3.0 0.6 e 0.6

1969 11.5 11.0 7.7 3.8 3.9 3.3 0.5 e 0.5

1970 11.3 10.8 7.7 3.8 3.9 3.1 0.5 e 0.5

1971 12.8 12.3 9.0 4.2 4.8 3.3 0.5 e 0.5

1972 13.9 13.4 9.5 4.0 5.5 3.9 0.5 e 0.5

1973 15.5 14.9 10.4 4.4 6.0 4.5 0.6 e 0.6

1974 13.6 13.0 8.7 3.4 5.3 4.3 0.6 e 0.6

1975 11.5 11.1 7.4 2.5 4.9 3.7 0.4 e 0.4

1976 15.6 15.1 10.6 4.0 6.6 4.5 0.5 e 0.5

1977 17.6 17.2 12.0 4.5 7.5 5.2 0.4 e 0.4

1978 19.0 18.4 12.5 4.8 7.7 5.9 0.6 e 0.6

1979 19.8 19.3 12.9 4.7 8.2 6.4 0.5 e 0.5

1980 19.0 18.4 11.9 4.2 7.7 6.5 0.6 e 0.6

1981 17.0 16.6 10.4 3.5 6.9 6.2 0.4 e 0.4

1982 15.6 15.2 9.9 3.0 6.9 5.3 0.4 e 0.4

1983 20.5 20.1 13.0 4.1 8.9 7.1 0.4 e 0.4

1984 20.7 20.2 13.1 3.9 9.2 7.1 0.5 e 0.5

1985 22.0 21.6 13.6 3.6 10.0 8.0 0.4 e 0.4

1986 22.4 21.9 13.1 3.7 9.4 8.8 0.5 e 0.5

1987 26.2 25.6 15.9 4.7 11.2 9.7 0.6 e 0.6

1988 25.7 25.1 15.6 4.6 11.0 9.5 0.6 e 0.6

1989 25.0 24.5 15.2 4.1 11.1 9.3 0.5 e 0.5

1990 23.1 22.7 14.2 3.8 10.4 8.5 0.4 e 0.4

1991 21.9 21.5 13.3 3.5 9.8 8.2 0.4 e 0.4

1992 23.6 23.1 14.1 3.5 10.6 9.0 0.5 e 0.5

1993 25.3 24.8 14.4 3.6 10.8 10.4 0.5 e 0.5

1994 26.1 25.6 14.3 3.7 10.6 11.3 0.5 e 0.5

1995 26.0 25.5 13.8 3.5 10.4 11.7 0.5 e 0.5

1996 27.0 26.6 13.8 3.5 10.4 12.7 0.4 e 0.4

1997 27.4 27.1 13.4 3.3 10.0 13.7 0.4 e 0.4

1998 27.6 27.2 12.8 2.7 10.1 14.4 0.4 e 0.4

1999 29.6 29.2 13.5 2.8 10.7 15.7 0.4 e 0.4

a

Does not include sawn ties.

b

Natural Resources Canada (21); Statistics Canada (25,26,27); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

Includes small volumes of hardwoods.

d

1997-1999 numbers are preliminary

e

Fewer than 50 million board feet.
58 

Table 34—Lumber and competing engineered wood products, by type of product, 1970–1999

Wood laminated Oriented Softwood

Year veneer lumbera Wood glulama Wood I-Joistsa strandboard plywood Hardwood Softwood

Million Million

Million Million Million square feet square feet Billion Billion 

 cubic feet board feet linear feet (3/8-in. basis) (3/8-in. basis) board feet board feet

1970 c c cc 14,340 8.3 27.5

1971 c c cc 16,635 8.4 30.0

1972 c c cc 18,324 8.5 31.0

1973 c c cc 18,305 8.8 31.6

1974 c c cc 15,878 8.4 27.7

1975 c c cc 16,050 7.3 26.7

1976 c c cc 18,440 8.0 29.7

1977 c c cc 19,376 8.5 31.7

1978 c c cc 19,964 9.0 32.1

1979 c c cc 19,653 9.3 31.4

1980 3 204 45 135 16,333 9.2 26.2

1981 4 190 45 271 16,752 7.5 24.7

1982 4 164 54 557 15,846 8.0 23.8

1983 5 192 63 1,341 19,480 8.8 29.7

1984 5 229 72 2,042 19,926 10.1 31.2

1985 7 246 90 2,669 20,169 9.6 31.3

1986 8 330 99 3,513 22,118 10.5 35.3

1987 9 279 108 4,076 22,899 11.3 38.2

1988 11 298 108 4,604 22,599 11.7 38.1

1989 12 322 117 5,105 21,385 12.1 37.5

1990 16 324 122 5,418 20,919 12.3 35.8

1991 16 265 158 5,613 18,652 11.2 33.2

1992 17 258 252 6,653 19,332 11.4 34.5

1993 21 239 358 7,002 19,315 12.2 32.9

1994 23 264 380 7,486 19,638 12.4 34.1

1995 28 282 358 7,903 19,367 12.6 32.2

1996 32 309 444 9,314 19,181 12.5 33.3

1997 38 300 547 10,534 17,963 12.7 34.7

1998 41 287 619 11,227 17,776 13.9 34.7

1999 48 316 733 11,612 17,816 14.3 36.7

a

The Engineered Wood Association (9). b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (47); American Forest and Paper Association (3); 

 Luppold and Dempsey (19).

c

Data not available.

Lumberb Structural panelsa
59 

All Lumber and All hardwood

com- wood products All lumber All Douglas-fir Southern pine lumber

Year modities Actual Relativeb Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 27.6 23.0 83.3 20.9 75.7 19.5 70.7 20.5 74.3 24.4 88.4 26.4 95.7

1966 28.4 24.0 84.5 22.3 78.5 20.5 72.2 21.5 75.7 26.8 94.4 29.5 103.9

1967 28.5 23.9 83.9 22.3 78.2 21.0 73.7 22.2 77.9 26.8 94.0 27.1 95.1

1968 29.2 27.1 92.8 26.1 89.4 25.3 86.6 26.7 91.4 30.5 104.5 28.3 96.9

1969 30.4 30.0 98.7 29.3 96.4 28.2 92.8 29.3 96.4 33.8 111.2 32.6 107.2

1970 31.5 27.2 86.3 25.3 80.3 23.7 75.2 24.1 76.5 30.7 97.5 31.1 98.7

1971 32.5 30.5 93.8 30.3 93.2 29.6 91.1 31.1 95.7 35.9 110.5 30.7 94.5

1972 34.0 34.6 101.8 35.5 104.4 35.1 103.2 35.8 105.3 40.6 119.4 34.2 100.6

1973 38.4 42.4 110.4 45.6 118.8 44.9 116.9 46.5 121.1 50.3 131.0 45.8 119.3

1974 45.6 44.0 96.5 46.1 101.1 44.3 97.1 47.5 104.2 49.4 108.3 51.4 112.7

1975 49.8 42.4 85.1 42.8 85.9 42.0 84.3 47.0 94.4 47.0 94.4 43.5 87.3

1976 52.1 49.2 94.4 51.9 99.6 52.0 99.8 55.7 106.9 58.2 111.7 47.8 91.7

1977 55.4 56.6 102.2 61.5 111.0 62.3 112.5 64.7 116.8 70.3 126.9 54.3 98.0

1978 59.6 66.1 110.9 71.7 120.3 72.5 121.6 75.4 126.5 81.6 136.9 64.0 107.4

1979 67.2 72.0 107.1 78.8 117.3 79.6 118.5 85.2 126.8 86.9 129.3 70.5 104.9

1980 76.6 69.2 90.3 72.5 94.6 72.3 94.4 78.4 102.3 79.7 104.0 68.3 89.2

1981 83.6 70.1 83.9 72.3 86.5 71.8 85.9 69.2 82.8 78.2 93.5 69.3 82.9

1982 85.3 68.2 80.0 69.2 81.1 67.4 79.0 59.1 69.3 76.6 89.8 71.2 83.5

1983 86.4 73.6 85.2 78.5 90.9 77.5 89.7 80.3 92.9 85.7 99.2 76.9 89.0

1984 88.5 73.7 83.3 77.8 87.9 74.1 83.7 72.8 82.3 85.7 96.8 86.7 98.0

1985 88.1 72.7 82.5 75.8 86.0 72.4 82.2 74.8 84.9 80.6 91.5 83.3 94.6

1986 85.5 73.1 85.5 76.4 89.4 73.0 85.4 73.6 86.1 80.4 94.0 84.1 98.4

1987 87.7 76.9 87.7 81.7 93.2 78.2 89.2 73.9 84.3 87.4 99.7 90.2 102.9

1988 91.2 81.1 88.9 84.4 92.5 80.9 88.7 80.2 87.9 86.1 94.4 93.2 102.2

1989 95.7 86.4 90.3 86.9 90.8 85.6 89.4 89.6 93.6 82.8 86.5 91.2 95.3

1990 99.2 88.5 89.2 86.2 86.9 83.4 84.1 81.8 82.5 85.2 85.9 93.2 94.0

1991 99.4 90.1 90.6 86.4 86.9 84.7 85.2 82.5 83.0 85.1 85.6 91.5 92.1

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 101.5 118.7 116.9 126.8 124.9 130.1 128.2 140.4 138.3 129.3 127.4 116.2 114.5

1994 102.7 122.9 119.7 130.5 127.1 133.5 130.0 139.7 136.0 139.8 136.1 119.8 116.7

1995 106.4 121.5 114.2 119.9 112.7 120.3 113.1 117.5 110.4 127.9 120.2 118.9 111.7

1996 109.0 120.2 110.3 124.4 114.1 127.9 117.3 135.5 124.3 136.1 124.9 116.7 107.1

1997 108.8 125.4 115.3 134.6 123.7 139.2 127.9 130.5 119.9 142.6 131.1 123.9 113.9

1998 110.4 122.2 110.7 122.4 110.9 123.0 111.5 109.9 99.6 135.6 122.8 127.2 115.2

1999 120.2 125.2 104.2 128.2 106.6 131.9 109.7 125.2 104.2 142.8 118.7 126.0 104.8

Softwood lumber

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–1999

 (1992 = 100)a 
60 

Metals and metal Metal doors, Concrete Ready mixed

products sash, and trim Flat glass products concrete

Year Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 26.8 97.3 24.3 88.1 — — 27.6 99.9 27.4 99.4

1966 27.5 96.9 24.9 87.7 — — 28.0 98.5 27.8 97.8

1967 27.9 97.7 25.5 89.5 42.4 148.8 28.7 100.6 28.4 99.6

1968 28.5 97.7 26.5 90.9 44.2 151.3 29.4 100.8 29.2 99.9

1969 30.2 99.3 27.7 91.0 46.4 152.7 30.5 100.5 30.5 100.2

1970 32.5 103.1 28.8 91.5 49.0 155.5 32.2 102.1 32.2 102.2

1971 33.1 101.7 30.0 92.4 52.2 160.5 34.6 106.3 34.8 107.1

1972 34.3 100.9 30.8 90.5 51.9 152.6 36.0 105.9 36.3 106.7

1973 36.9 96.1 31.8 82.8 51.4 133.9 37.7 98.2 37.8 98.6

1974 47.8 104.9 37.6 82.4 54.6 119.7 43.4 95.2 43.5 95.4

1975 51.6 103.6 41.4 83.2 58.9 118.3 48.9 98.2 48.8 98.0

1976 54.5 104.7 43.7 83.9 63.5 121.9 51.6 99.1 52.3 100.3

1977 58.1 104.9 48.1 86.8 68.1 122.9 54.9 99.2 55.8 100.8

1978 63.2 106.0 53.0 88.9 73.2 122.8 61.3 102.9 62.2 104.3

1979 72.1 107.4 58.6 87.1 77.9 115.9 70.0 104.1 70.8 105.4

1980 79.7 104.0 65.1 85.0 83.2 108.6 78.5 102.5 79.9 104.3

1981 83.6 99.9 71.2 85.1 90.1 107.7 83.4 99.8 85.2 101.9

1982 83.9 98.4 74.1 86.9 93.8 110.0 85.3 100.0 86.8 101.8

1983 85.4 98.8 76.2 88.2 97.3 112.6 86.5 100.1 87.9 101.8

1984 87.9 99.3 79.0 89.3 95.1 107.5 88.7 100.2 90.5 102.3

1985 87.6 99.4 79.5 90.3 95.4 108.3 91.7 104.1 93.0 105.5

1986 86.6 101.3 80.7 94.4 98.0 114.7 93.2 109.0 93.5 109.3

1987 89.8 102.5 83.0 94.7 100.6 114.7 93.3 106.4 93.1 106.2

1988 99.6 109.2 90.7 99.5 102.9 112.8 93.9 102.9 93.7 102.7

1989 104.1 108.8 96.4 100.7 102.9 107.5 94.9 99.1 94.9 99.1

1990 103.1 103.9 97.4 98.2 100.8 101.7 96.8 97.6 97.1 97.9

1991 100.8 101.4 99.8 100.4 99.3 99.9 99.5 100.1 99.6 100.2

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 100.0 98.5 101.3 99.8 100.7 99.2 102.6 101.0 103.1 101.6

1994 104.7 101.9 105.3 102.5 103.6 100.8 106.2 103.4 107.4 104.6

1995 112.8 106.0 116.0 109.0 106.2 99.8 110.4 103.8 112.0 105.2

1996 109.9 100.8 118.1 108.3 103.2 94.7 113.7 104.3 115.5 106.0

1997 110.6 101.6 119.4 109.8 101.6 93.4 116.0 106.7 117.7 108.2

1998 107.2 97.1 119.7 108.5 100.6 91.1 119.5 108.3 121.4 109.9

1999 104.6 87.0 120.1 99.9 99.6 82.9 127.4 105.9 124.3 103.4

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–1999

 (1992 = 100)—Con.
61 

Prepared asphalt Soft surface Hard surface

Ceramic tilec roofingd Gypsum products floor covering floor covering

Year Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 35.2 127.6 29.4 106.4 39.4 142.7 56.6 205.1 29.2 105.9

1966 35.7 125.6 30.8 108.3 38.8 136.6 56.4 198.5 29.0 102.2

1967 36.4 127.8 30.0 105.3 39.0 136.8 53.7 188.5 28.8 101.1

1968 37.5 128.4 31.2 106.8 40.4 138.3 54.1 185.1 29.6 101.3

1969 38.7 127.3 31.1 102.2 40.4 132.8 54.1 177.8 28.8 94.7

1970 39.7 126.2 30.5 97.0 38.8 123.1 53.1 168.6 28.9 91.7

1971 41.6 127.9 38.0 116.8 42.6 131.0 51.9 159.8 29.9 92.1

1972 41.7 122.7 40.1 117.9 44.7 131.4 51.6 151.7 30.1 88.4

1973 43.4 112.9 41.6 108.3 47.1 122.5 54.2 141.2 30.3 78.9

1974 47.4 103.9 57.1 125.1 53.5 117.4 59.5 130.5 36.2 79.4

1975 52.9 106.3 65.4 131.4 56.0 112.5 61.5 123.5 42.7 85.8

1976 56.9 109.1 69.5 133.3 60.1 115.4 63.3 121.5 47.0 90.2

1977 57.8 104.4 74.0 133.6 71.5 129.0 65.5 118.2 49.5 89.4

1978 57.5 96.5 86.6 145.4 89.2 149.7 67.8 113.8 52.0 87.2

1979 62.4 92.8 94.6 140.8 98.2 146.1 69.8 103.8 57.3 85.3

1980 66.0 86.1 111.9 146.1 99.8 130.3 76.0 99.2 65.7 85.8

1981 71.6 85.7 107.7 128.9 99.8 119.4 84.4 100.9 69.2 82.7

1982 75.4 88.4 106.0 124.3 99.7 116.9 85.4 100.1 70.4 82.6

1983 78.3 90.6 99.8 115.5 111.4 128.9 87.3 101.0 72.4 83.8

1984 81.2 91.8 103.6 117.1 135.0 152.5 89.9 101.6 74.6 84.3

1985 85.4 97.0 106.6 121.0 131.9 149.7 89.1 101.1 77.8 88.3

1986 89.7 105.0 102.7 120.1 136.6 159.8 91.4 106.9 79.9 93.4

1987 92.8 105.9 97.5 111.1 124.8 142.3 93.3 106.4 81.8 93.2

1988 95.9 105.2 100.1 109.8 112.6 123.4 96.4 105.7 86.3 94.6

1989 98.2 102.6 101.4 105.9 109.7 114.6 98.6 103.1 91.5 95.6

1990 99.9 100.7 101.6 102.4 104.9 105.7 99.9 100.7 93.7 94.4

1991 98.9 99.5 102.0 102.6 99.0 99.6 100.5 101.1 98.0 98.6

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 100.7 99.2 100.6 99.1 108.0 106.4 99.7 98.2 102.3 100.7

1994 102.3 99.6 98.5 95.9 135.6 132.0 100.7 98.0 103.7 101.0

1995 104.1 97.8 103.7 97.5 154.0 144.8 102.3 96.2 107.9 101.4

1996 104.3 95.7 103.3 94.8 153.5 140.9 104.4 95.7 108.3 99.4

1997 104.4 95.9 102.3 94.1 170.3 156.5 105.4 96.9 108.7 99.9

1998 101.6 92.0 101.5 91.9 176.8 160.1 105.6 95.7 108.5 98.3

1999 101.7 84.6 101.1 84.0 205.7 171.1 104.9 87.2 107.7 89.6

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

b

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index.

c

Ceramic floor and wall tile.

d

Prepared asphalt and tar roofing and siding products.

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–1999 

 (1992 = 100)—Con.
62 

Table 36—Relativea producer price indexes for lumber, 1800–1999 (1992 = 100)b

All All All All All

Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber

1800 5.0 1840 12.6 1880 19.4 1920 42.0 1960 75.7

1801 5.2 1841 13.0 1881 20.7 1921 35.9 1961 72.0

1802 6.2 1842 12.9 1882 21.1 1922 40.3 1962 73.1

1803 5.3 1843 12.6 1883 20.9 1923 43.7 1963 75.1

1804 5.3 1844 13.3 1884 22.4 1924 39.8 1964 76.7

1805 5.4 1845 14.7 1885 22.9 1925 38.3 1965 75.7

1806 5.5 1846 13.9 1886 23.7 1926 38.2 1966 78.5

1807 5.9 1847 13.4 1887 23.7 1927 37.4 1967 78.2

1808 5.8 1848 13.9 1888 23.1 1928 35.4 1968 89.4

1809 5.4 1849 14.1 1889 23.1 1929 37.5 1969 96.4

1810 5.1 1850 14.8 1890 23.6 1930 37.5 1970 80.3

1811 5.1 1851 14.3 1891 23.2 1931 36.0 1971 93.2

1812 4.8 1852 15.7 1892 24.1 1932 34.8 1972 104.4

1813 4.3 1853 15.2 1893 23.8 1933 40.5 1973 118.8

1814 3.6 1854 14.8 1894 26.3 1934 42.7 1974 101.1

1815 6.4 1855 15.6 1895 24.6 1935 38.7 1975 85.9

1816 7.1 1856 16.0 1896 25.9 1936 40.8 1976 99.6

1817 6.2 1857 16.5 1897 25.1 1937 44.1 1977 111.0

1818 5.8 1858 16.4 1898 25.4 1938 42.6 1978 120.3

1819 6.7 1859 16.0 1899 26.0 1939 45.7 1979 117.3

1820 7.5 1860 16.0 1900 26.8 1940 49.8 1980 94.6

1821 7.5 1861 15.6 1901 27.3 1941 53.2 1981 86.5

1822 7.1 1862 14.2 1902 26.7 1942 51.0 1982 81.1

1823 7.5 1863 13.6 1903 28.4 1943 51.9 1983 90.9

1824 7.6 1864 13.6 1904 26.5 1944 56.2 1984 87.9

1825 7.9 1865 12.6 1905 28.1 1945 55.7 1985 86.0

1826 8.5 1866 15.9 1906 33.2 1946 56.1 1986 89.4

1827 8.6 1867 16.9 1907 31.7 1947 72.8 1987 93.2

1828 9.0 1868 17.4 1908 30.4 1948 76.3 1988 92.5

1829 8.9 1869 17.0 1909 28.3 1949 73.7 1989 90.8

1830 8.8 1870 17.4 1910 26.8 1950 82.8 1990 86.9

1831 8.8 1871 18.4 1911 28.8 1951 80.5 1991 86.9

1832 8.7 1872 18.7 1912 29.1 1952 80.5 1992 100.0

1833 9.1 1873 19.0 1913 30.4 1953 80.8 1993 124.9

1834 10.0 1874 18.8 1914 28.8 1954 79.1 1994 127.1

1835 8.8 1875 18.0 1915 27.6 1955 84.1 1995 112.7

1836 8.0 1876 18.4 1916 25.3 1956 83.1 1996 114.1

1837 11.5 1877 18.6 1917 24.1 1957 75.9 1997 123.7

1838 12.0 1878 18.6 1918 25.0 1958 73.8 1998 110.9

1839 11.4 1879 19.9 1919 32.0 1959 79.3 1999 106.6

a

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index.

b

1800 to 1914, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (14); 

 1915 to 1997, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).
63 

Table 37—Plywood production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods,1965–1999 (3/8-in. basis)a

Production Imports Exports Consumption Per capita consumption

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- 

 Year Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woodsb Total woods woods Total woods woods

Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million

square square square square square square square square square square square square Square Square Square

feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 14,496 12,447 2,049 1,052 5 1,047 36 30 6 15,512 12,422 3,090 80 64 16

1966 15,132 13,056 2,076 1,257 3 1,254 56 48 8 16,333 13,011 3,322 83 66 17

1967 14,874 12,958 1,916 1,247 3 1,244 93 85 8 16,028 12,876 3,152 81 65 16

1968 16,704 14,695 2,009 1,896 10 1,886 78 64 14 18,522 14,641 3,881 92 73 19

1969 15,563 13,694 1,869 2,122 15 2,107 215 199 16 17,470 13,510 3,960 86 67 20

1970 16,136 14,340 1,796 2,049 2 2,047 172 114 58 18,013 14,228 3,785 88 69 18

1971 18,559 16,635 1,924 2,545 3 2,542 114 99 15 20,990 16,539 4,451 101 80 21

1972 20,354 18,324 2,030 3,162 6 3,156 247 221 26 23,269 18,109 5,160 111 86 25

1973 20,112 18,305 1,807 2,536 9 2,527 451 411 40 22,197 17,903 4,294 105 84 20

1974 17,279 15,878 1,401 1,648 4 1,644 610 542 68 18,317 15,340 2,977 86 72 14

1975 17,102 16,050 1,052 1,925 7 1,918 859 791 68 18,168 15,266 2,902 84 71 13

1976 19,523 18,440 1,083 2,368 12 2,356 795 716 79 21,096 17,736 3,360 97 81 15

1977 20,563 19,376 1,187 2,272 18 2,254 357 287 70 22,478 19,107 3,371 102 87 15

1978 21,149 19,964 1,185 2,555 63 2,492 329 298 31 23,375 19,729 3,646 105 89 16

1979 20,803 19,653 1,150 2,097 27 2,070 431 402 29 22,469 19,278 3,191 100 86 14

1980 17,371 16,333 1,038 1,235 37 1,198 413 373 40 18,193 15,997 2,196 80 70 10

1981 17,728 16,752 976 1,512 30 1,482 733 686 47 18,507 16,096 2,411 80 70 10

1982 17,231 15,846 1,385 1,878 9 1,869 493 452 41 18,616 15,403 3,213 80 66 14

1983 20,960 19,480 1,480 2,747 18 2,729 615 574 41 23,092 18,924 4,168 99 81 18

1984 21,431 19,926 1,505 2,527 48 2,480 408 371 37 23,550 19,603 3,948 100 83 17

1985 21,511 20,169 1,342 3,112 54 3,058 365 321 44 24,259 19,903 4,356 102 83 18

1986 23,508 22,118 1,390 3,234 63 3,171 676 614 61 26,067 21,567 4,500 108 90 19

1987 24,423 22,899 1,524 3,932 129 3,803 855 796 60 27,500 22,232 5,268 113 92 22

1988 24,151 22,599 1,552 3,358 96 3,262 1108 1004 104 26,401 21,691 4,711 108 89 19

1989 22,926 21,385 1,541 1,983 49 1,935 1562 1442 119 23,348 19,991 3,356 94 81 14

1990 22,456 20,919 1,537 1,687 38 1,649 1766 1613 153 22,377 19,344 3,033 90 77 12

1991 20,148 18,652 1,496 1,457 28 1,429 1553 1322 231 20,052 17,358 2,695 79 69 11

1992 20,755 19,332 1,423 1,776 47 1,729 1760 1442 318 20,771 17,937 2,834 81 70 11

1993 20,826 19,315 1,511 1,786 41 1,745 1677 1409 268 20,935 17,946 2,989 81 70 12

1994 21,439 19,638 1,801 1,693 47 1,646 1455 1211 244 21,677 18,474 3,203 83 71 12

1995 21,209 19,367 1,842 1,951 60 1,892 1517 1267 250 21,643 18,160 3,483 82 69 13

1996 20,965 19,181 1,784 1,780 85 1,695 1499 1248 251 21,246 18,018 3,228 80 68 12

1997 19,835 17,963 1,872 2,111 104 2,007 1802 1548 254 20,143 16,519 3,625 75 62 14

1998 19,738 17,776 1,962 2,429 179 2,250 970 764 206 21,198 17,191 4,007 78 64 15

1999 19,832 17,816 2,016 2,989 469 2,519 833 595 238 21,988 17,690 4,297 80 65 16

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (44,54); American Plywood Association, The Engineered Wood Association (10);

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (32); Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes mixed species (not classified as hardwoods or softwoods).
64 

Production Imports Exports Consumption

Other Other Other Other

Softwood structural Softwood structural Softwood structural Softwood structural

Year Total plywood panelsb Total plywood panelsb,c Total plywood panelsb Total plywood panelsb

1980 16,468 16,333 135 360 37 323 373 373 d 16,455 15,997 458

1981 17,023 16,752 271 349 30 319 686 686 d 16,686 16,096 590

1982 16,403 15,846 557 268 9 259 452 452 d 16,219 15,403 816

1983 20,821 19,480 1,341 423 18 405 574 574 d 20,670 18,924 1,746

1984 21,968 19,926 2,042 727 48 679 371 371 d 22,324 19,603 2,721

1985 22,838 20,169 2,669 848 54 794 321 321 d 23,366 19,903 3,463

1986 25,631 22,118 3,513 723 63 660 614 614 d 25,740 21,567 4,173

1987 26,975 22,899 4,076 889 129 760 796 796 d 27,068 22,232 4,836

1988 27,203 22,599 4,604 911 96 815 1,004 1,004 d 27,110 21,691 5,419

1989 26,490 21,385 5,105 1,160 49 1,111 1,442 1,442 d 26,207 19,991 6,216

1990 26,337 20,919 5,418 1,351 38 1,313 1,613 1,613 d 26,075 19,344 6,731

1991 24,265 18,652 5,613 1,016 28 988 1,379 1,322 57 23,901 17,358 6,544

1992 25,985 19,332 6,653 1,619 47 1,572 1,491 1,442 49 26,113 17,937 8,176

1993 26,317 19,315 7,002 2,203 41 2,163 1,470 1,409 60 27,051 17,946 9,105

1994 27,124 19,638 7,486 2,635 47 2,588 1,289 1,211 78 28,469 18,474 9,995

1995 27,270 19,367 7,903 3,274 60 3,214 1,348 1,267 82 29,196 18,160 11,036

1996 28,495 19,181 9,314 4,500 85 4,414 1,405 1,248 157 31,590 18,018 13,572

1997 28,497 17,963 10,534 5,376 104 5,272 1,715 1,548 167 32,158 16,519 15,639

1998 29,003 17,776 11,227 6,671 179 6,492 864 764 100 34,810 17,191 17,619

1999 29,428 17,816 11,612 7,820 469 7,351 774 595 179 36,474 17,690 18,783

b

Oriented strandboard and waferboard.

c

Based on Canadian export data. Industry sources estimate that about 95 percent of Canadian exports are to U.S. markets.

d

Not available.

Table 38—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of structural panel products, by type, 1980–1999 

 (million square feet, 3/8-in. basis)a

a

American Plywood Association (8,10); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (32); Data may not add to totals 

 because of rounding.
Table 39—Hardwood plywood imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–1999 (million square feet, surface measured)a

Latin America Asia

Central

America Otherc

and South Philip- Indo- Other Rus

Yearb Total Canada Total Mexico West Indies Brazil America Total Japan pines Chinad Taiwan Korea nesia Malaysia Asia Total Fede

1965 2,032.8 64.5 10.8 f f — 10.8 1,832.4 768.0 307.8 368.2 — 336.7 — — 51.7 118.3 — 

1966 2,553.7 64.1 8.7 — — — 8.7 2,328.9 783.4 397.9 528.8 — 573.6 — — 45.2 145.1 — 1967 2,532.7 48.0 8.1 f — — 8.1 2,356.0 632.3 471.5 485.4 — 702.0 — — 64.8 118.2 — 

1968 3,841.3 53.0 12.2 — 1.0 — 11.2 3,619.1 921.3 602.2 829.6 — 1,167.2 — — 98.8 156.0 — 1969 4,290.2 40.6 11.7 0.1 4.0 — 7.6 4,043.8 802.3 572.1 936.0 — 1,589.8 — — 143.6 192.3 — 1970 4,168.1 24.9 10.2 f 1.9 — 8.3 3,996.3 623.5 570.9 939.6 — 1,787.3 — — 75.0 136.1 — 

1971 5,176.7 45.8 13.8 — 1.3 — 12.5 4,989.7 598.3 592.2 1,395.5 — 2,251.3 0.1 — 152.3 127.3 — 

1972 6,427.5 69.5 20.5 — 8.7 — 11.8 6,216.0 519.1 644.2 2,021.9 — 2,865.6 — — 165.2 121.3 — 1973 5,146.7 74.4 18.0 — 4.5 — 13.5 4,959.6 341.0 695.3 1,367.2 — 2,443.0 — — 113.1 94.0 — 1974 3,349.1 46.8 18.8 — 1.0 — 17.8 3,229.0 244.3 279.3 937.2 — 1,694.7 — — 73.5 48.2 — 1975 3,906.4 50.4 15.8 — 7.5 — 8.3 3,805.1 240.5 224.1 1,011.8 — 2,290.0 — — 38.7 30.8 — 1976 4,797.8 53.6 18.3 — 6.8 — 11.5 4,668.7 312.5 352.9 1,189.4 — 2,785.7 — — 28.2 47.6 — 1977 4,590.7 69.3 24.8 — 5.1 — 19.7 4,445.3 356.1 231.0 1,149.1 — 2,676.9 — — 32.2 44.2 — 1978 5,076.0 75.3 29.6 0.1 5.9 — 23.6 4,922.2 255.6 312.4 1,752.8 — 2,493.0 64.3 — 44.1 48.1 — 1979 4,216.3 82.2 53.7 f 2.4 — 51.3 4,039.6 192.7 367.3 1,523.1 — 1,836.7 95.5 — 24.3 40.8 — 

1980 2,440.5 72.8 46.1 — 3.7 — 42.4 2,290.5 150.4 246.7 859.8 — 902.1 120.8 — 10.7 30.6 — 

1981 3,017.5 64.7 30.4 — 4.4 — 26.0 2,884.4 139.8 436.7 1,080.9 — 943.7 271.7 — 11.6 37.9 — 1982 2,249.4 54.5 24.3 — 2.5 — 21.8 2,146.4 95.8 161.3 850.6 — 559.6 473.9 — 5.2 24.1 — 1983 3,346.6 57.5 44.1 0.3 1.3 — 42.5 3,205.6 119.9 182.4 1,124.6 — 414.8 1,352.2 — 11.7 39.4 — 

1984 2,982.3 73.4 90.0 0.1 1.4 — 88.5 2,767.9 109.7 94.9 904.8 — 78.1 1,568.8 — 11.6 50.9 — 

1985 3,522.1 69.4 75.1 f 2.9 — 72.2 3,294.6 106.7 212.6 780.3 — 28.2 2,147.2 — 19.6 82.3 — 

1986 3,809.2 55.8 120.8 0.2 1.8 — 118.8 3,556.4 74.0 110.9 723.5 — 61.8 2,551.1 — 35.1 71.5 — 

1987 3,950.2 87.4 105.9 0.2 0.9 — 104.8 3,670.7 41.6 126.1 665.6 — 48.7 2,721.4 — 67.3 85.1 — 1988 3,262.3 81.7 118.5 f 0.5 — 118.0 3,022.0 19.8 51.8 523.8 — 6.7 2,345.4 — 74.5 39.6 — 

1989 3,938.9 249.1 232.1 0.6 2.2 186.9 42.3 3,271.2 11.5 59.5 0.4 770.2 9.5 2,341.2 40.3 38.5 158.7 1990 3,356.4 211.1 306.3 0.0 4.2 248.9 53.3 2,700.6 3.9 35.7 0.4 255.9 7.9 2,209.4 159.1 28.3 90.6 1991 2,910.3 215.8 297.2 0.1 1.3 237.6 58.2 2,268.6 3.2 16.5 1.4 141.9 0.6 1,798.0 289.0 18.0 82.0 1992 3,520.5 268.4 455.6 1.8 1.4 397.6 54.7 2,706.1 1.8 23.2 2.1 109.5 0.0 2,084.1 471.3 13.9 87.7 21993 3,553.3 310.0 686.5 0.2 3.8 594.8 87.8 2,430.9 0.6 8.6 14.5 90.5 0.4 1,858.5 443.7 14.2 122.8 61994 3,351.3 372.9 847.1 5.7 8.2 687.2 146.0 1,922.3 1.5 0.8 20.4 45.9 0.1 1,456.4 379.1 18.1 205.6 141995 3,851.4 422.6 832.6 10.1 8.7 554.0 259.8 2,282.7 0.2 0.2 12.4 29.3 0.0 1,858.4 373.9 8.3 311.9 251996 3,451.0 339.4 826.7 21.0 9.8 496.5 299.4 1,931.6 1.2 0.4 14.3 38.4 0.0 1,575.1 300.4 1.7 351.6 331997 4,086.1 606.1 856.4 16.4 6.2 569.1 264.7 2,200.7 2.0 0.0 47.3 33.4 0.0 1,786.2 326.8 5.0 422.3 301998 4,581.7 654.6 490.1 7.2 6.2 271.3 205.4 2,948.5 1.2 0.0 104.1 36.7 1.2 2,074.2 723.3 7.8 480.8 381999 5,129.3 713.9 720.4 16.3 1.8 463.3 239.0 3,010.1 0.8 0.0 153.8 45.2 1.3 1,837.5 963.4 8.1 667.8 53

aU.S. International Trade Commission (69). Data may not add to totals because of rounding, 1989 - 1997 numbers were revised. Conversion of 2.036 used from square feebFor the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.cIncludes Brazil from 1965-1988.dIncludes Taiwan from 1965-1988.eIncludes mixed species (not classified as hardwoods or softwoods).fFewer than 100 ft2.

Eur
66 

Table 40—Veneer imports and exports, by species, 1965–1999 (million square feet, surface measured)a

Imports

Hardwoods

Birch and Soft- Red and SoftYear Total Total maple Other woods Total Total Walnut white oak Other woods

1965 1,958.2 1,871.2 817.4 1,053.8 87.0 169.8 143.7 80.6 b 63.1 26.1

1966 2,043.0 1,843.7 766.4 1,077.3 199.3 153.9 110.5 54.2 b 56.3 43.4

1967 1,990.9 1,796.7 754.9 1,041.8 194.2 192.8 105.8 44.8 b 61.0 87.0

1968 2,340.1 2,178.7 820.8 1,357.9 161.4 306.3 173.6 71.9 b 101.7 132.7

1969 2,054.6 1,855.7 698.2 1,157.5 198.9 360.6 194.2 92.4 b 101.8 166.4

1970 1,876.6 1,605.8 650.0 955.8 270.8 327.1 183.8 111.3 b 72.5 143.3

1971 2,302.1 2,035.2 812.0 1,223.2 266.9 571.5 172.7 97.7 b 75.0 398.8

1972 3,151.4 2,786.0 997.9 1,788.1 365.4 491.7 204.3 84.9 b 119.4 287.4

1973 2,967.7 2,582.9 890.5 1,692.4 384.8 660.5 346.0 90.9 b 255.1 314.5

1974 2,281.6 1,965.9 679.6 1,286.3 315.7 599.4 380.8 77.4 b 303.4 218.6

1975 1,497.7 1,145.6 552.2 593.4 352.1 736.8 390.3 63.6 b 326.7 346.5

1976 1,993.5 1,595.6 760.3 835.3 397.9 768.2 505.8 91.8 b 414.0 262.4

1977 2,261.0 1,718.5 721.3 997.2 542.5 687.0 516.5 93.1 b 423.4 170.5

1978 2,143.3 1,632.5 722.8 909.7 510.8 1,541.6 1,353.3 128.9 476.1 748.3 188.3

1979 2,076.6 1,560.1 713.4 846.7 516.5 1,072.5 886.0 80.6 522.0 283.4 186.5

1980 1,666.8 1,213.2 584.2 629.0 453.6 1,333.1 1,077.3 117.8 631.2 328.3 255.8

1981 1,729.3 1,406.3 605.1 801.2 323.0 1,378.1 919.6 107.9 509.2 302.5 458.5

1982 1,665.9 1,231.9 506.8 725.1 434.0 1,140.3 803.6 78.6 512.9 212.1 336.7

1983 2,072.5 1,607.2 637.8 969.4 465.3 1,438.8 1,023.8 106.0 624.4 293.4 415.0

1984 1,886.8 1,502.9 537.2 965.7 383.9 1,370.5 1,002.7 84.4 636.0 282.3 367.8

1985 1,753.4 1,398.0 501.5 896.5 355.4 1,100.2 792.6 85.6 481.5 225.5 307.6

1986 1,997.4 1,603.9 557.3 1,046.6 393.5 1,466.1 995.8 72.6 639.3 283.9 470.3

1987 2,106.6 1,682.2 563.4 1,118.8 424.4 1,775.9 1,384.7 90.7 857.4 436.6 391.2

1988 2,226.7 1,713.8 588.0 1,125.8 512.9 1,830.1 1,574.2 69.9 1,058.7 445.6 255.9

1989 1,163.9 719.7 239.9 479.8 444.1 1,712.2 1,599.6 35.8 431.0 1,132.7 112.6

1990 2,109.3 1,600.7 559.2 1,041.5 508.6 1,820.2 1,681.4 103.4 1,135.5 442.5 138.9

1991 1,917.4 1,383.7 523.5 860.2 533.7 1,896.1 1,725.5 85.9 1,084.3 555.4 170.6

1992 2,422.3 1,674.4 599.1 1,075.3 747.9 2,072.2 1,884.8 69.7 1,094.0 721.2 187.4

1993 2,870.0 1,904.1 619.2 1,284.9 965.9 2,209.9 1,977.4 60.7 958.1 958.6 232.5

1994 3,036.6 1,946.6 713.0 1,233.7 1,090.0 2,459.3 2,310.0 68.4 1,086.1 1,155.5 149.3

1995 3,223.2 2,283.2 739.4 1,543.8 940.0 2,800.0 2,613.3 73.6 1,109.9 1,429.8 186.7

1996 3,011.4 2,093.4 718.2 1,375.1 918.0 2,792.7 2,613.3 49.1 1,080.1 1,484.1 179.4

1997 2,926.9 1,994.9 767.9 1,227.0 932.0 3,068.6 2,875.4 60.2 1,070.3 1,744.8 193.2

1998 3,435.1 2,210.7 789.2 1,421.6 1,224.3 2,946.1 2,722.2 58.6 1,041.5 1,622.0 223.9

1999 3,933.3 2,350.6 947.9 1,402.7 1,582.7 3,293.3 2,986.8 78.6 1,008.7 1,899.4 306.5

b

Red and white oak are included in Other for 1965 to 1977.

Exports

Hardwoods

a

American Forest and Paper Association (3); U.S. International Trade Commission (69). Data may not add to totals 

 because of rounding,1989-1997 numbers were revised.
67 

Table 41—Hardwood veneer imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–1999 (million square feet, surface measured)a

Central

America

and South Other

Year Total Canada Total Mexico West Indies America Total Japan Philippines Asia Africa Europe Otherb

1965 1,871.2 852.0 67.1 0.1 19.2 47.8 687.0 4.8 527.0 155.2 219.8 44.3 0.9

1966 1,843.7 792.8 96.4 0.3 21.2 74.9 714.1 3.8 522.7 187.6 209.7 29.6 1.0

1967 1,796.7 775.8 140.9 0.1 8.0 132.8 580.9 3.8 451.8 125.3 271.2 27.7 0.2

1968 2,178.7 837.7 200.5 1.5 16.8 182.2 837.7 4.3 609.8 223.6 276.5 26.3 0.1

1969 1,855.7 713.9 152.7 0.6 13.1 139.0 838.6 5.3 671.4 161.9 128.1 22.2 0.3

1970 1,605.8 672.4 191.0 0.6 5.0 185.4 569.1 3.3 460.0 105.8 147.0 26.1 0.2

1971 2,035.2 842.4 216.1 0.5 15.1 200.5 809.4 4.5 590.9 214.0 143.1 24.0 0.2

1972 2,786.0 1,051.8 303.8 c 28.8 275.0 1,226.5 0.9 822.5 403.1 153.9 30.2 19.7

1973 2,582.9 944.4 288.4 c 43.2 245.2 1,126.1 2.3 850.8 273.0 167.2 27.8 29.0

1974 1,965.9 709.2 243.8 — 43.9 199.9 874.0 0.9 660.8 212.3 78.6 39.4 20.8

1975 1,145.6 570.7 132.5 — 22.2 110.3 331.5 3.8 294.3 33.4 74.3 23.1 13.5

1976 1,595.6 804.6 210.8 — 8.3 202.5 520.6 4.5 452.4 63.7 15.0 30.1 14.5

1977 1,718.5 801.4 159.1 0.9 13.0 145.2 689.3 5.5 580.5 103.3 19.6 30.5 18.7

1978 1,632.5 817.4 213.1 3.6 21.8 187.7 536.8 7.1 442.6 87.1 19.1 44.7 1.5

1979 1,560.1 834.0 149.4 2.0 28.2 119.2 482.5 1.3 448.2 33.0 35.4 56.4 2.4

1980 1,213.2 700.4 156.0 — 27.3 130.7 301.6 2.0 261.5 38.1 21.9 31.4 1.5

1981 1,406.3 753.6 165.0 0.2 27.3 137.5 398.2 0.9 330.7 66.6 36.3 41.6 11.4

1982 1,231.9 705.9 161.2 0.8 24.4 136.0 149.9 0.7 120.0 29.2 19.2 193.2 2.6

1983 1,607.2 908.3 192.2 3.0 23.1 166.1 366.0 2.8 318.3 44.9 27.1 100.9 12.8

1984 1,502.9 828.1 227.5 0.8 31.6 195.1 287.2 8.5 180.7 98.0 13.7 127.6 19.0

1985 1,398.0 728.7 233.1 0.2 26.5 206.4 240.5 6.5 110.7 123.3 26.1 150.8 18.8

1986 1,603.9 831.8 233.9 0.2 20.8 212.9 310.4 5.1 112.7 192.6 57.4 139.0 31.3

1987 1,682.2 910.8 245.0 — 18.0 227.0 331.3 6.3 122.8 202.2 40.9 127.0 27.2

1988 1,713.8 944.3 312.8 0.8 33.2 278.8 279.5 2.0 182.4 95.1 41.6 92.8 42.8

1989 719.7 366.9 143.1 0.0 6.4 136.7 116.4 2.5 72.5 41.4 23.9 53.9 15.6

1990 1,600.7 904.2 320.6 0.0 28.4 292.2 221.2 5.8 111.6 103.8 31.8 93.6 29.4

1991 1,383.7 832.1 254.4 0.0 25.5 228.9 167.3 4.8 73.3 89.1 26.7 75.0 28.2

1992 1,674.4 997.9 364.5 1.0 109.0 254.5 182.9 2.9 64.2 115.8 21.8 80.9 26.4

1993 1,904.1 1,158.4 452.8 2.9 7.8 442.0 120.5 2.5 11.6 106.3 39.2 95.7 37.5

1994 1,946.6 1,220.8 414.5 1.4 6.5 406.5 71.7 3.0 5.7 63.1 41.5 151.5 46.6

1995 2,283.2 1,186.4 575.4 9.1 14.8 551.5 213.0 3.5 47.9 161.6 114.4 137.8 56.1

1996 2,093.4 1,190.2 508.8 13.6 6.1 489.1 58.1 4.3 0.1 53.7 171.4 112.0 52.9

1997 1,994.9 1,247.4 374.4 17.0 1.6 355.7 61.9 6.1 0.0 55.8 137.2 139.8 34.2

1998 2,210.7 1,316.2 351.8 22.3 1.9 327.6 99.2 3.2 0.0 96.0 218.4 176.1 49.0

1999 2,350.6 1,440.5 340.8 22.6 0.7 317.5 94.0 5.6 0.0 88.4 282.7 167.9 24.7

a

U.S. International Trade Commission (69). Data may not add to totals because of rounding, 1989-1997 numbers were revised.

b

For the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.

c

Fewer than 50,000 ft2.

Latin America Asia
68 

Table 42—Producer price indexes for plywood, 1965–1999 (1992 = 100)a

 Softwood plywood

All softwood All hardwood

All plywood plywood Western Southern plywoodb

Year Actual Relativec Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 33.5 121.4 25.5 92.4 — — — — 51.9 188.0

1966 33.7 118.7 25.6 90.1 — — — — 52.4 184.5

1967 32.4 113.7 24.1 84.6 — — — — 51.6 181.1

1968 37.4 128.1 31.2 106.8 — — — — 51.9 177.7

1969 39.7 130.6 33.5 110.2 32.2 105.9 38.0 125.0 53.8 177.0

1970 35.1 111.4 27.4 87.0 26.2 83.2 32.1 101.9 52.9 167.9

1971 37.1 114.2 30.6 94.2 29.2 89.8 36.7 112.9 52.0 160.0

1972 42.3 124.4 37.3 109.7 35.7 105.0 43.8 128.8 53.9 158.5

1973 50.3 131.0 46.8 121.9 45.2 117.7 50.7 132.0 58.3 151.8

1974 52.1 114.3 45.0 98.7 43.7 95.8 48.0 105.3 67.3 147.6

1975 52.1 104.6 48.4 97.2 47.0 94.4 50.3 101.0 61.7 123.9

1976 60.6 116.3 59.7 114.6 56.7 108.8 66.1 126.9 63.3 121.5

1977 68.7 124.0 71.4 128.9 67.3 121.5 80.5 145.3 65.9 119.0

1978 76.3 128.0 78.7 132.0 75.1 126.0 86.2 144.6 72.4 121.5

1979 81.1 120.7 77.7 115.6 76.1 113.2 78.8 117.3 87.4 130.1

1980 79.8 104.2 74.5 97.3 72.0 94.0 78.5 102.5 91.2 119.1

1981 79.6 95.2 73.9 88.4 72.7 87.0 74.6 89.2 92.9 111.1

1982 75.1 88.0 68.0 79.7 65.4 76.7 72.5 85.0 93.5 109.6

1983 79.0 91.4 74.8 86.6 71.2 82.4 81.7 94.6 92.9 107.5

1984 78.2 88.4 73.2 82.7 70.5 79.7 77.2 87.2 93.2 105.3

1985 74.8 84.9 73.1 83.0 70.5 80.0 76.7 87.1 84.1 95.5

1986 76.2 89.1 74.4 87.0 71.9 84.1 78.0 91.2 85.1 99.5

1987 77.1 87.9 74.7 85.2 72.8 83.0 76.9 87.7 86.9 99.1

1988 77.7 85.2 74.2 81.4 73.9 81.0 73.8 80.9 88.1 96.6

1989 87.1 91.0 84.5 88.3 84.6 88.4 82.8 86.5 93.4 97.6

1990 85.8 86.5 81.4 82.1 82.0 82.7 78.8 79.4 96.1 96.9

1991 85.9 86.4 82.2 82.7 82.9 83.4 79.3 79.8 96.2 96.8

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 114.8 113.1 115.4 113.7 116.6 114.9 113.0 111.3 108.0 106.4

1994 119.2 116.1 120.3 117.1 121.0 117.8 121.3 118.1 114.4 111.4

1995 124.2 116.7 128.0 120.3 125.8 118.2 132.9 124.9 114.3 107.4

1996 117.7 108.0 118.3 108.5 117.8 108.1 114.2 104.8 116.9 107.2

1997 119.6 109.9 119.3 109.7 119.8 110.1 118.2 108.6 118.9 109.3

1998 118.3 107.2 119.1 107.9 117.5 106.4 125.6 113.8 118.7 107.5

1999 132.5 110.2 140.6 116.9 139.9 116.3 148.2 123.2 120.3 100.0

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

b

Hardwood plywood and related products.

c

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities index.
69 

Table 43—Paper and boarda production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999b

Year Production Total Per capita

Thousand Thousand Percent of Thousand Percent of Thousand

tons tons consumption tons production tons Pounds

1965 40,489 6,536 14.4 1,530 3.8 45,495 468

1966 43,904 7,178 14.5 1,696 3.9 49,386 502

1967 43,745 6,818 14.0 1,835 4.2 48,728 490

1968 47,085 6,643 12.9 2,125 4.5 51,602 514

1969 49,824 7,051 12.9 2,377 4.8 54,498 538

1970 48,719 6,845 12.9 2,433 5.0 53,131 518

1971 49,741 6,932 12.8 2,665 5.4 54,008 520

1972 53,842 7,245 12.4 2,790 5.2 58,297 555

1973 56,346 7,865 12.8 2,616 4.6 61,595 581

1974 55,756 8,128 13.4 3,058 5.5 60,827 569

1975 47,997 5,961 11.6 2,400 5.0 51,557 477

1976 54,993 6,879 11.6 2,637 4.8 59,235 543

1977 56,656 7,190 11.7 2,546 4.5 61,301 557

1978 58,571 8,311 12.9 2,583 4.4 64,299 578

1979 61,070 8,462 12.7 2,864 4.7 66,668 592

1980 61,042 8,013 12.4 4,241 6.9 64,814 569

1981 62,109 7,779 11.7 3,630 5.8 66,258 576

1982 59,290 7,321 11.6 3,494 5.9 63,117 544

1983 64,947 8,357 12.0 3,786 5.8 69,519 593

1984 68,449 10,148 13.5 3,542 5.2 75,055 635

1985 66,983 10,444 14.1 3,290 4.9 74,137 622

1986 70,905 10,922 14.0 3,972 5.6 77,855 647

1987 74,361 11,855 14.4 4,111 5.5 82,105 676

1988 76,587 12,184 14.4 4,239 5.5 84,532 690

1989 76,786 12,027 14.3 4,713 6.1 84,100 680

1990 78,679 12,195 14.2 5,163 6.6 85,711 686

1991 79,427 11,086 13.2 6,435 8.1 84,078 665

1992 82,868 11,730 13.4 7,021 8.5 87,577 686

1993 84,857 12,990 14.3 6,835 8.1 91,013 705

1994 89,080 13,651 14.3 7,536 8.5 95,195 730

1995 89,509 14,292 14.9 7,621 8.5 96,180 731

1996 90,381 13,023 13.8 9,118 10.1 94,287 710

1997 95,029 14,525 14.6 10,368 10.9 99,186 740

1998 94,526 14,538 14.5 9,103 9.6 99,961 740

1999 96,611 16,917 16.3 9,477 9.8 104,051 762

a

Excludes hardboard. Excludes wet machine board and construction grades.

b

Numbers are the sum of Table 43 & Table 44.

c

Excludes converted products.

Consumption

Exportsc Importsc
70 

Table 44—Paper shipments, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999a

Consumption

Year Shipmentsb,c Totalf Per capitag

Thousand Thousand Percent of Thousand Percent of Thousand

tons tons consumption tons production tons Pounds

1965 19,157 6,528 25.9 491 2.6 25,194 259

1966 20,725 7,128 26.1 530 2.6 27,323 278

1967 20,926 6,805 25.0 501 2.4 27,230 274

1968 22,181 6,625 23.4 529 2.4 28,277 282

1969 23,449 7,040 23.5 517 2.2 29,972 296

1970 23,351 6,835 23.1 534 2.3 29,652 289

1971 23,722 6,915 23.0 550 2.3 30,087 290

1972 25,359 7,237 22.6 559 2.2 32,037 305

1973 26,797 7,832 23.0 601 2.2 34,028 321

1974 26,863 8,094 23.8 909 3.4 34,049 318

1975 23,260 5,953 21.1 947 4.1 28,266 262

1976 26,577 6,866 21.1 928 3.5 32,515 298

1977 27,722 7,162 21.0 716 2.6 34,168 310

1978 28,320 8,211 22.8 543 1.9 35,988 323

1979 29,666 8,380 22.4 601 2.0 37,445 333

1980 30,116 7,915 21.3 907 3.0 37,124 326

1981 30,901 7,649 20.4 1,008 3.3 37,542 326

1982 30,245 7,206 19.7 840 2.8 36,611 315

1983 32,802 8,189 20.4 774 2.4 40,217 343

1984 34,446 9,905 22.7 811 2.4 43,540 369

1985 34,061 10,260 23.6 779 2.3 43,542 365

1986 35,550 10,641 23.5 884 2.5 45,307 376

1987 36,919 11,494 24.2 921 2.5 47,492 391

1988 38,353 11,843 24.1 1,102 2.9 49,094 401

1989 38,266 11,494 23.8 1,466 3.8 48,295 391

1990 39,361 11,569 23.4 1,519 3.9 49,411 395

1991 39,084 10,313 21.8 2,072 5.3 47,325 375

1992 40,973 10,786 22.0 2,635 6.4 49,124 385

1993 41,745 11,905 23.3 2,587 6.2 51,063 396

1994 43,356 12,384 23.5 2,980 6.9 52,760 405

1995 42,868 12,874 24.4 3,011 7.0 52,731 401

1996 42,481 11,694 23.1 3,500 8.2 50,676 382

1997 44,697 13,028 24.1 3,599 8.1 54,127 404

1998 44,777 12,872 23.7 3,288 7.3 54,361 402

1999 45,552 14,946 26.2 3,405 7.5 57,093 418

a

Excludes building paper and converted products.

b

American Paper Institute; American Forest & Paper Association: Statistics of paper, paperboard & wood pulp; 

1977, 1982, 1985, 1990, 1995 & 1998 annual editions (4)

c

American Forest & Paper Association: Paper, paperboard & wood pulp - monthly

 statistical summary, May 1999 (2).

d

1965-1997 numbers revised. This import series incorporates data on Canadian exports of newsprint & uncoated

 groundwood to the U.S. rather than US Dept. of Commerce import data for these commodities. Such data for 

 1998 obtained from the Canadian Pulp & Paper Association (CPPA), in Ottawa, Canada, by fax communication.

e

1965-1988 numbers revised to make series consistent with later numbers.

f

Consumption = Production + Imports - Exports.

g

Based upon population data given in Table 1.

Importsb,c,d Exportsb,c,e
71 

Table 45—Paperboarda production,b imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999

Year Productionc,d,e Totalh Per capitai

Thousand Thousand Percent of Thousand Percent of Thousand

tons tons consumption tons production tons Pounds

1965 21,332 8 0.0 1,039 4.9 20,301 209

1966 23,179 50 0.2 1,166 5.0 22,063 224

1967 22,819 13 0.1 1,334 5.8 21,498 216

1968 24,904 18 0.1 1,596 6.4 23,326 232

1969 26,376 11 0.0 1,860 7.1 24,527 242

1970 25,368 10 0.0 1,899 7.5 23,479 229

1971 26,019 17 0.1 2,115 8.1 23,921 230

1972 28,483 8 0.0 2,231 7.8 26,260 250

1973 29,549 33 0.1 2,015 6.8 27,567 260

1974 28,894 34 0.1 2,149 7.4 26,779 250

1975 24,736 8 0.0 1,453 5.9 23,291 216

1976 28,416 13 0.0 1,709 6.0 26,720 245

1977 28,935 28 0.1 1,830 6.3 27,133 246

1978 30,251 100 0.4 2,040 6.7 28,311 254

1979 31,404 82 0.3 2,263 7.2 29,223 260

1980 30,926 98 0.4 3,334 10.8 27,690 243

1981 31,208 130 0.5 2,622 8.4 28,716 250

1982 29,045 115 0.4 2,654 9.1 26,506 228

1983 32,146 168 0.6 3,012 9.4 29,302 250

1984 34,002 243 0.8 2,731 8.0 31,514 267

1985 32,922 184 0.6 2,511 7.6 30,595 257

1986 35,355 281 0.9 3,088 8.7 32,548 270

1987 37,442 361 1.0 3,190 8.5 34,613 285

1988 38,234 341 1.0 3,137 8.2 35,438 289

1989 38,519 533 1.5 3,247 8.4 35,805 290

1990 39,318 626 1.7 3,644 9.3 36,300 291

1991 40,343 773 2.1 4,363 10.8 36,753 291

1992 41,895 944 2.5 4,386 10.5 38,453 301

1993 43,113 1,085 2.7 4,248 9.9 39,950 310

1994 45,724 1,267 3.0 4,556 10.0 42,435 326

1995 46,641 1,418 3.3 4,610 9.9 43,449 330

1996 47,900 1,329 3.0 5,618 11.7 43,611 329

1997 50,332 1,497 3.3 6,769 13.4 45,060 336

1998 49,749 1,666 3.7 5,815 11.7 45,600 337

1999 51,059 1,971 4.2 6,072 11.9 46,958 344

a

Does not include wet machine board, hard pressed board nor insulation board. Does not include converted products.

b

By end use.

c

American Paper Institute; American Forest & Paper Association: Statistics of Paper, Paperboard & Wood Pulp;

 1977, 1982, 1985, 1990, 1995 & 1998 annual Statistics reports (4).

d

American Forest & Paper Assn: Paper, Paperboard & Wood Pulp; A Monthly Statistical Summary; May 1999 (2).

e

1983 & 1996-1997 numbers revised.

f

1965-1988 numbers revised.

g

This export series represents production for export; numbers may differ from exports reported by U.S. Dept. of Commerce. 

1991 & 1997 numbers revised. 

h

Consumption = Production + Imports - Exports.

i

Based upon population data given in Table 1.

Consumption

Exportsc,d,g Importsc,d,f
72 

Table 46—Paper and board production and fibrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1965–1999

Paper and Consumption of fibrous materials

boarda Consumption of fibrous materials per ton of paper and board produced

Year productionb,e Total Wood pulpc Recovered Paperd Othere,f Total Wood pulp Recovered paperg Other

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand

tons tons tons Tons tons Tons Tons Tons Tons

1965 40,489 46,838 35,728 10,231 879 1.157 0.882 0.253 0.022

1966 43,904 49,958 38,414 10,564 980 1.138 0.875 0.241 0.022

1967 43,745 48,846 38,122 9,888 836 1.117 0.871 0.226 0.019

1968 47,085 53,635 42,508 10,222 905 1.139 0.903 0.217 0.019

1969 49,824 57,597 44,750 11,969 878 1.156 0.898 0.240 0.018

1970 48,719 56,595 43,964 11,803 828 1.162 0.902 0.242 0.017

1971 49,741 58,224 45,243 12,106 875 1.171 0.910 0.243 0.018

1972 53,842 62,059 48,242 12,925 892 1.153 0.896 0.240 0.017

1973 56,346 64,953 49,976 14,094 883 1.153 0.887 0.250 0.016

1974 55,756 64,490 49,670 13,982 838 1.157 0.891 0.251 0.015

1975 47,997 55,970 43,597 11,748 625 1.166 0.908 0.245 0.013

1976 54,993 63,294 48,930 13,622 742 1.151 0.890 0.248 0.013

1977 56,656 65,240 50,356 14,058 826 1.152 0.889 0.248 0.015

1978 58,571 67,059 51,445 14,760 854 1.145 0.878 0.252 0.015

1979 61,070 68,648 52,560 15,361 727 1.124 0.861 0.252 0.012

1980 61,042 68,727 53,203 14,922 602 1.126 0.872 0.244 0.010

1981 62,109 68,828 53,199 15,037 592 1.108 0.857 0.242 0.010

1982 59,290 66,611 51,729 14,433 449 1.123 0.872 0.243 0.008

1983 64,947 70,573 54,504 15,638 431 1.087 0.839 0.241 0.007

1984 68,449 75,732 58,643 16,724 365 1.106 0.857 0.244 0.005

1985 66,983 71,482 54,816 16,371 295 1.067 0.818 0.244 0.004

1986 70,905 75,368 57,121 17,934 313 1.063 0.806 0.253 0.004

1987 74,361 78,522 59,508 18,694 320 1.056 0.800 0.251 0.004

1988 76,587 80,730 60,668 19,685 377 1.054 0.792 0.257 0.005

1989 76,786 81,772 61,234 20,220 318 1.065 0.797 0.263 0.004

1990 78,679 84,040 62,036 21,736 268 1.068 0.788 0.276 0.003

1991 79,427 86,143 62,294 23,662 187 1.085 0.784 0.298 0.002

1992 82,868 89,507 63,145 26,185 177 1.080 0.762 0.316 0.002

1993 84,857 91,471 63,227 28,011 233 1.078 0.745 0.330 0.003

1994 89,080 95,771 64,842 30,670 259 1.075 0.728 0.344 0.003

1995 89,509 96,531 64,811 31,391 329 1.078 0.724 0.351 0.004

1996 90,381 98,412 64,025 33,981 406 1.089 0.708 0.376 0.004

1997 95,029 101,590 66,057 35,208 298 1.069 0.695 0.370 0.003

1998 94,526 101,217 65,122 35,770 625 1.071 0.689 0.378 0.007

1999 96,611 101,672 64,126 37,221 605 1.052 0.664 0.385 0.006

a

Excludes paper, paperboard, wet machine board and construction grades.

b

Production numbers = totals in Table 42. Source: see e) below.

c

Wood pulp consumption numbers from Table 48 (some numbers revised).

d

Wastepaper consumption numbers from Table 46 (some numbers revised).

e

American Paper Institute; American Forest & Paper Association: Statistics of Paper, Paperboard & Wood Pulp;

 1977, 1982, 1990, 1995, 1999 annual Statistics reports (4).

f

1981-1987 & 1996-1997 numbers revised. 1999 number is preliminary.

g

When given as percentage, referred to as "Recovered Paper Utilization Rate".
73 

Table 47—Paper and board new supply and recyclable paper consumption, exports,

imports, and total recovered, 1965–1999a,b,c

Paper and Consumed at For molded

board— paper and pulp, insulation, Total Recovery

Year new supplyd,e board millsf and other usesg Exportsh Importsi recoveredj ratek,l

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Percent

tons tons tons tons tons tons

1965 48,270 10,231 — 292 108 — —

1966 52,118 10,564 — 246 113 — —

1967 51,435 9,888 — 262 86 — —

1968 54,351 10,222 — 253 93 — —

1969 57,423 11,969 — 289 75 — —

1970 55,969 11,803 418 408 67 12,562 22.4

1971 57,450 12,106 442 419 68 12,899 22.4

1972 62,040 12,925 447 415 88 13,699 22.1

1973 65,004 14,094 499 683 87 15,189 23.4

1974 63,308 13,982 489 1,307 89 15,689 24.8

1975 54,113 11,748 535 861 72 13,072 24.2

1976 62,014 13,622 630 1,273 106 15,419 24.9

1977 64,243 14,058 870 1,512 92 16,348 25.4

1978 67,787 14,760 502 1,613 70 16,805 24.8

1979 69,796 15,361 509 2,127 78 17,919 25.7

1980 67,166 14,922 472 2,636 87 17,943 26.7

1981 67,957 15,037 480 2,282 79 17,720 26.1

1982 64,730 14,433 487 2,233 74 17,078 26.4

1983 71,166 15,638 474 2,705 100 18,727 26.3

1984 76,937 16,724 459 3,456 110 20,530 26.7

1985 76,138 16,371 529 3,560 88 20,369 26.8

1986 79,755 17,934 594 4,093 99 22,521 28.2

1987 83,491 18,694 657 4,809 127 24,033 28.8

1988 85,718 19,685 703 5,953 161 26,179 30.5

1989 85,373 20,220 722 6,307 173 27,077 31.7

1990 86,796 21,736 994 6,505 123 29,112 33.5

1991 85,071 23,662 1,063 6,598 122 31,201 36.7

1992 88,273 26,185 1,137 6,782 150 33,954 38.5

1993 91,538 28,011 1,216 6,371 138 35,460 38.7

1994 95,718 30,670 1,300 7,974 253 39,691 41.5

1995 96,062 31,391 1,390 9,908 498 42,191 43.9

1996 94,490 33,981 1,487 8,084 474 43,077 45.6

1997 99,637 35,208 1,590 7,882 693 43,956 44.2

1998 101,137 35,770 1,700 8,117 511 45,076 44.6

1999 105,095 37,221 2,000 8,543 426 47,338 45.0

a

Includes paper, paperboard, wet machine board and construction paper and board.

b

1972-Present, American Forest and Paper Association, 1999 Annual Statistical Summary Recovered 

 Paper Utilization, p. 81 (6). 1965-1971, American Forest and Paper Association (2,4,5). 

c

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

d

Production plus imports less exports. Includes imports and exports of products.

e

1976-1977, 1980 & 1982-1988 revised.

f

1986, 1988, 1990 & 1997 revised.

g

1980, 1983-1984 & 1986 revised.

h

1978-1988 revised.

i

1985 revised.

j

Total recovered paper = total recyclable paper consumption plus exports less imports.

 1978-1990 & 1997 revised.

k

1979-1988 & 1997 revised.

l

Recovery rate is the ratio of total recovered paper collected to new

 supply of paper and paperboard.

Recyclable paper
74 

Table 48—Recovered paper consumption, in paper and paperboard manufacture,a

 by major grade, 1970–1999 (thousand short tons)b

Total

Old Old Pulp High grade Total recovery

Year Mixed grades newspapers corrugated substitutesc deinking all grades rate (%)d

1970 2,639.0 2,235.0 4,080.0 3,067.0 e 12,021.0 22.4

1971 2,776.0 2,174.0 4,277.0 3,096.0 e 12,323.0 22.4

1972 3,054.0 2,317.0 4,722.0 3,039.0 e 13,132.0 22.1

1973 3,371.0 2,456.0 5,292.0 3,199.0 e 14,318.0 23.4

1974 3,118.0 2,408.0 5,716.0 2,954.0 e 14,196.0 24.8

1975 2,606.0 2,040.0 4,743.0 2,594.0 e 11,983.0 24.2

1976 2,798.0 2,278.0 5,696.0 2,117.0 933.0 13,822.0 24.9

1977 2,773.0 2,287.0 6,205.0 2,079.0 944.0 14,288.0 25.4

1978 2,729.0 2,212.0 6,721.0 2,242.0 1,068.0 14,972.0 24.8

1979 2,648.0 2,480.0 6,967.0 2,308.0 1,117.0 15,520.0 25.7

1980 2,268.0 2,564.0 6,866.0 2,254.0 1,142.0 15,094.0 26.7

1981 2,233.0 2,552.0 6,910.0 2,307.0 1,215.0 15,217.0 26.1

1982 1,707.0 2,673.0 6,770.0 2,247.0 1,223.0 14,620.0 26.4

1983 1,908.0 2,692.0 7,443.0 2,456.0 1,323.0 15,822.0 26.3

1984 1,974.5 2,894.8 7,971.7 2,673.4 1,368.6 16,883.0 26.7

1985 1,901.5 2,875.0 7,899.5 2,493.7 1,380.4 16,550.1 26.8

1986 2,044.5 3,117.8 8,633.6 2,761.5 1,570.3 18,127.7 28.2

1987 2,116.0 3,142.6 9,176.7 2,902.2 1,563.5 18,901.0 28.8

1988 2,182.2 3,215.6 9,909.1 2,889.5 1,691.1 19,887.5 30.5

1989 2,355.8 3,638.1 9,993.5 2,642.4 1,812.4 20,442.2 31.7

1990 2,504.9 4,084.5 10,686.5 2,731.8 1,999.8 22,007.5 33.5

1991 2,890.6 4,572.4 11,247.0 2,988.5 2,239.5 23,938.0 36.7

1992 3,463.8 4,816.9 12,532.3 2,997.7 2,669.1 26,479.8 38.5

1993 4,110.1 5,000.3 13,566.8 2,802.1 2,856.8 28,336.1 38.7

1994 4,786.0 5,368.0 15,009.6 2,696.0 3,090.0 30,949.6 41.5

1995 4,529.4 5,157.3 16,513.5 2,459.1 3,004.0 31,663.3 43.9

1996 4,801.7 5,238.4 18,733.3 2,428.8 3,039.9 34,242.1 45.6

1997f 4,699.0 5,561.5 19,641.0 2,641.0 2,955.0 35,497.5 44.2

1998 5,440.8 5,611.3 19,530.1 2,341.8 3,147.8 36,071.8 44.6

1999g 5,578.2 5,833.6 20,611.2 2,310.3 3,186.6 37,519.9 45.0

a

Includes paper, paperboard, construction grades and molded pulp grades.

b

American Forest and Paper Asssociation, 1999 Annual Statistical Summary,

 Recovered Paper Utilization, p. 12 & 81 (6).

c

For years 1972-1975, high grade deinking is included with pulp substitutes.

d

Recovery rate is the ratio of total recovered paper collected to new

 supply of paper and paperboard.

e

Not available separately; included with pulp substitutes.

f

1997 numbers revised.

g

Preliminary.

Recovered paper consumption
75 

Table 49—Wood pulp production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–1999a

Consumption 

 Year Productionb,c,d Totalg Per capitah

Thousand Thousand Percent of Thousand Percent of Thousand

tons tons consumption tons production tons Pounds

1965 33,993 3,137 8.8 1,402 4.1 35,728 368

1966 36,603 3,358 8.7 1,547 4.2 38,414 391

1967 36,677 3,166 8.3 1,721 4.7 38,122 384

1968 40,892 3,532 8.3 1,916 4.7 42,508 424

1969 42,813 4,040 9.0 2,103 4.9 44,750 442

1970 43,546 3,513 8.0 3,095 7.1 43,964 429

1971 43,903 3,515 7.8 2,175 5.0 45,243 436

1972 46,767 3,728 7.7 2,253 4.8 48,242 460

1973 48,327 3,993 8.0 2,344 4.9 49,976 472

1974 48,349 4,123 8.3 2,802 5.8 49,670 464

1975 43,084 3,078 7.1 2,565 6.0 43,597 404

1976 47,721 3,727 7.6 2,518 5.3 48,930 449

1977 49,132 3,864 7.7 2,640 5.4 50,356 457

1978 50,020 4,024 7.8 2,599 5.2 51,445 462

1979 51,177 4,318 8.2 2,935 5.7 52,560 467

1980 52,958 4,051 7.6 3,806 7.2 53,203 467

1981 52,790 4,087 7.7 3,678 7.0 53,199 463

1982 51,468 3,656 7.1 3,395 6.6 51,729 446

1983 54,055 4,093 7.5 3,644 6.7 54,504 465

1984 57,747 4,490 7.7 3,594 6.2 58,643 496

1985 54,145 4,466 8.1 3,795 7.0 54,816 460

1986 56,997 4,582 8.0 4,458 7.8 57,121 475

1987 59,547 4,850 8.2 4,889 8.2 59,508 490

1988 61,158 5,038 8.3 5,528 9.0 60,668 495

1989 61,996 5,004 8.2 5,766 9.3 61,234 495

1990 63,048 4,893 7.9 5,905 9.4 62,036 496

1991 63,635 4,997 8.0 6,338 10.0 62,294 493

1992 65,338 5,029 8.0 7,222 11.1 63,145 494

1993 64,313 5,413 8.6 6,499 10.1 63,227 490

1994 65,920 5,650 8.7 6,728 10.2 64,842 497

1995 67,103 5,969 9.2 8,261 12.3 64,811 493

1996 65,503 5,692 8.9 7,170 10.9 64,025 482

1997 66,650 6,398 9.7 6,990 10.5 66,057 493

1998 65,163 5,984 9.2 6,025 9.2 65,122 482

1999 62,914 6,650 10.4 5,438 8.6 64,126 469

a

Includes dissolving and special alpha pulps, excludes defibrated/exploded pulps and screenings. b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (52,56,57); American Forest 

 and Paper Association (2,4); United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (29). c

1993-1997 revised to include dissolving and special alpha pulps, which is consistent with earlier years. d

American Paper Institute; American Forest & Paper Association: Statistics of Paper, Paperboard & Wood Pulp;

 1977, 1982, 1990, 1995, 1998, 1999 annual Statistics reports (4).

e

1965-1967, 1970, 1973, 1977-1978, 1986-1988 & 1997 revised.

f

1966, 1968, 1972, 1975, 1985-1987 & 1996-1997 revised.

g

Consumption = Production + Imports - Exports.

h

Based on U.S. population data given in Table 1.

Importsd,e Exportsd,f
76 

Table 50—Pulpwood consumed in manufacture of 

wood pulp, 1965–1999a

Pulpwood consumptionb

Per ton of Wood pulp

Year Total pulp produced production

Thousand cords Cords Thousand tons

1965 54,034 1.59 33,993

1966 57,399 1.57 36,603

1967 58,419 1.59 36,677

1968 60,969 1.49 40,892

1969 64,577 1.51 42,813

1970 66,732 1.53 43,546

1971 66,601 1.52 43,903

1972 68,068 1.46 46,767

1973 71,421 1.48 48,327

1974 75,787 1.57 48,349

1975 63,941 1.48 43,084

1976 71,094 1.49 47,721

1977 72,952 1.48 49,132

1978 75,073 1.50 50,020

1979 78,680 1.54 51,177

1980 81,921 1.55 52,958

1981 81,003 1.53 52,790

1982 76,912 1.49 51,468

1983 84,504 1.56 54,055

1984 86,282 1.49 57,747

1985 85,380 1.58 54,145

1986 91,187 1.60 56,997

1987 93,005 1.56 59,547

1988 93,000 1.52 61,158

1989 92,615 1.49 61,996

1990 92,561 1.47 63,048

1991 91,925 1.44 63,635

1992 93,643 1.43 65,338

1993 90,996 1.41 64,313

1994 93,259 1.41 65,920

1995 97,272 1.45 67,103

1996 90,367 1.38 65,503

1997 84,674 1.27 66,650

1998 82,555 1.27 65,163

1999 79,972 1.27 62,914

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (53); 

 American Forest and Paper Association (2,4,5); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes changes in inventories.
77 

Table 51—Producer price indexes for paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–1999 (1992 = 100)a

Pulp, paper, and Building paper

Year allied products Paper Paperboard and board Wood pulp

Actual Relativeb Actual Relativeb Actual Relativeb Actual Relativeb Actual Relativeb

1965 22.9 83.0 26.8 97.1 29.6 107.2 35.2 127.5 22.0 79.7

1966 23.6 83.1 27.7 97.5 29.8 104.9 35.2 123.9 22.0 77.5

1967 23.8 83.5 28.4 99.6 29.2 102.5 34.9 122.5 22.0 77.2

1968 24.1 82.5 28.9 99.0 28.0 95.9 35.2 120.5 22.0 75.3

1969 24.8 81.6 29.9 98.4 29.0 95.4 36.9 121.4 22.0 72.4

1970 25.8 81.9 31.5 100.0 29.5 93.7 35.3 112.1 24.1 76.5

1971 26.2 80.6 32.4 99.7 29.9 92.0 35.9 110.5 24.7 76.0

1972 27.1 79.7 33.0 97.1 30.8 90.6 37.1 109.1 24.5 72.1

1973 29.1 75.8 34.4 89.6 33.6 87.5 39.4 102.6 28.2 73.4

1974 36.2 79.4 42.2 92.5 44.4 97.4 43.1 94.5 48.0 105.3

1975 40.6 81.5 49.1 98.6 49.7 99.8 44.4 89.2 62.4 125.3

1976 42.8 82.1 51.7 99.2 51.4 98.7 48.4 92.9 63.0 120.9

1977 44.5 80.3 55.1 99.5 51.4 92.8 54.8 98.9 61.9 111.7

1978 46.6 78.2 58.5 98.2 52.5 88.1 65.4 109.7 58.7 98.5

1979 52.3 77.8 65.2 97.0 59.0 87.8 63.7 94.8 69.2 103.0

1980 59.4 77.5 72.9 95.2 68.5 89.4 72.0 94.0 83.7 109.3

1981 65.3 78.1 79.4 95.0 75.3 90.1 80.9 96.8 87.5 104.7

1982 68.9 80.8 81.2 95.2 74.4 87.2 83.6 98.0 83.5 97.9

1983 71.1 82.3 80.0 92.6 73.2 84.7 87.3 101.0 76.4 88.4

1984 76.0 85.9 85.9 97.1 82.1 92.8 90.5 102.3 87.5 98.9

1985 78.0 88.5 86.1 97.7 80.1 90.9 89.8 101.9 76.3 86.6

1986 80.0 93.6 86.9 101.6 79.3 92.7 91.0 106.4 79.0 92.4

1987 83.9 95.7 90.6 103.3 87.9 100.2 93.0 106.0 93.1 106.2

1988 89.8 98.5 100.1 109.8 99.1 108.7 94.7 103.8 114.1 125.1

1989 94.9 99.2 105.3 110.0 104.2 108.9 96.7 101.0 131.4 137.3

1990 97.2 98.0 104.6 105.4 101.0 101.8 93.8 94.6 126.3 127.3

1991 98.4 99.0 103.1 103.7 96.9 97.5 93.5 94.1 99.5 100.1

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 101.4 99.9 100.6 99.1 96.7 95.3 111.0 109.4 87.0 85.7

1994 105.0 102.2 102.2 99.5 104.3 101.6 120.6 117.4 97.2 94.6

1995 118.6 111.5 129.2 121.4 136.2 128.0 121.2 113.9 152.9 143.7

1996 116.2 106.6 121.4 111.4 116.1 106.5 114.6 105.1 111.7 102.5

1997 115.6 106.3 116.8 107.4 107.7 99.0 108.9 100.1 107.2 98.5

1998 117.6 106.6 118.6 107.4 112.9 102.3 111.0 100.5 102.3 92.7

1999 119.9 99.7 115.1 95.7 114.1 94.9 118.1 98.3 104.2 86.6

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

b

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index. 
78 

Table 52—Producer price indexes for wastepaper, by grade, 1965–1999 (1992 = 100)a

Year Wastepaper Newspaper Mixed papers Corrugated High gradesb Exports (all grades)

Actual Relativec Actual Relativec Actual Relativec Actual Relativec Actual Relativec Actual Relativec

1965 90.5 327.9 — — — — — — — — — —

1966 95.5 336.3 — — — — — — — — — —

1967 71.1 249.5 151.6 531.9 131.9 462.8 72.4 254.0 — — — —

1968 92.4 316.4 207.9 712.0 201.3 689.4 93.1 318.8 — — — —

1969 98.6 324.3 186.4 613.2 222.0 730.3 101.7 334.5 — — — —

1970 88.9 282.2 163.8 520.0 171.8 545.4 98.2 311.7 — — — —

1971 79.7 245.2 156.4 481.2 161.9 498.2 80.8 248.6 — — — —

1972 95.0 279.4 180.7 531.5 204.7 602.1 95.3 280.3 — — — —

1973 140.3 365.4 208.0 541.7 304.5 793.0 161.8 421.4 — — — —

1974 188.8 414.0 305.6 670.2 436.4 957.0 182.2 399.6 — — — —

1975 78.3 157.2 169.5 340.4 136.6 274.3 65.1 130.7 — — — —

1976 131.4 252.2 302.5 580.6 206.2 395.8 141.8 272.2 — — — —

1977 133.2 240.4 317.7 573.5 230.0 415.2 135.1 243.9 — — — —

1978 135.9 228.0 303.9 509.9 295.5 495.8 146.4 245.6 — — — —

1979 146.9 218.6 230.1 342.4 269.6 401.2 201.8 300.3 — — — —

1980 148.3 193.6 253.9 331.5 292.4 381.7 139.2 181.7 — — — —

1981 124.9 149.4 — — — — — — — — — —

1982 86.1 100.9 109.3 128.1 100.0 117.2 68.5 80.3 — — — —

1983 — — — — — — — — — — — —

1984 170.7 192.9 292.7 330.7 322.8 364.7 217.7 246.0 — — — —

1985 105.9 120.2 227.4 258.1 274.6 311.7 106.2 120.5 — — — —

1986 122.8 143.6 209.1 244.6 240.7 281.5 163.1 190.8 — — — —

1987 156.2 178.1 266.6 304.0 285.6 325.7 214.6 244.7 110.3 125.8 140.8 160.5

1988 158.1 173.4 262.2 287.5 314.7 345.1 171.6 188.2 132.7 145.5 144.1 158.0

1989 135.3 141.4 136.0 142.1 215.1 224.8 123.6 129.2 137.0 143.2 127.4 133.1

1990 119.6 120.6 113.9 114.8 162.1 163.4 113.4 114.3 120.7 121.7 113.2 114.1

1991 104.6 105.2 111.4 112.1 119.6 120.3 113.0 113.7 97.4 98.0 100.9 101.5

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 101.1 99.6 110.3 108.7 168.3 165.8 97.5 96.1 96.0 94.6 93.2 91.8

1994 180.7 175.9 222.5 216.7 395.0 384.6 220.9 215.1 112.3 109.3 139.1 135.4

1995 319.6 300.4 465.6 437.6 968.1 909.9 352.8 331.6 161.6 151.9 249.6 234.6

1996 120.5 110.6 120.1 110.2 207.5 190.4 145.7 133.7 82.2 75.4 101.0 92.7

1997 142.5 131.0 119.7 110.0 194.8 179.0 170.5 156.7 98.4 90.4 125.2 115.1

1998 125.6 113.8 131.9 119.5 320.7 290.5 123.6 111.9 92.6 83.9 95.4 86.4

1999 157.6 131.1 181.4 150.9 739.9 615.3 271.6 225.9 100.7 83.7 129.0 107.3

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

b

Pulp substitutes and deinking; December 1986 = 100.

c

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index.
79 

Medium-density Consumption

Year Total Particleboard fiberboard Importsb Exports Total Per capita

Million Million Million Million Million Million

square square square square square square Square

feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 828 753 75 4 c 832 4

1966 1,031 948 83 1 c 1,032 5

1967 1,167 1,074 93 1 2 1,166 6

1968 1,494 1,391 103 1 6 1,489 7

1969 1,796 1,682 114 12 14 1,794 9

1970 1,858 1,731 127 3 10 1,851 9

1971 2,500 2,359 141 8 20 2,488 12

1972 3,236 3,079 157 14 45 3,205 15

1973 3,634 3,460 174 17 77 3,574 17

1974 3,269 3,075 194 7 113 3,163 15

1975 2,718 2,503 215 16 84 2,650 12

1976 3,469 3,189 280 60 80 3,449 16

1977 4,010 3,569 441 158 63 4,105 19

1978 4,228 3,720 508 193 61 4,360 20

1979 3,883 3,376 507 221 84 4,020 18

1980 3,443 2,950 493 264 106 3,601 16

1981 3,385 2,869 516 254 117 3,522 15

1982 2,839 2,393 446 766 41 3,564 15

1983 3,613 3,009 604 994 47 4,560 19

1984 3,830 3,196 634 1,331 54 5,107 22

1985 4,016 3,331 685 1,335 59 5,292 22

1986 4,384 3,603 781 1,395 86 5,693 24

1987 4,605 3,706 899 1,550 113 6,042 25

1988 4,768 3,829 939 1,634 163 6,239 25

1989 4,828 3,858 970 425 333 4,920 20

1990 4,756 3,806 950 363 373 4,746 19

1991 4,730 3,772 958 293 369 4,654 18

1992 5,046 3,980 1,066 405 394 5,057 20

1993 5,402 4,241 1,161 572 318 5,656 22

1994 5,793 4,542 1,251 775 297 6,271 24

1995 5,307 4,200 1,107 840 319 5,828 22

1996 5,705 4,459 1,246 814 154 6,365 24

1997 5,916 4,531 1,385 963 188 6,691 25

1998 5,994 4,593 1,401 1,253 135 7,112 26

1999 6,043 4,630 1,413 1,282 135 7,190 26

a

National Particleboard Association (20); U.S. International Trade Commission (69);

 U.S. Department of Agriculture (32).Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

May contain significant volumes of waferboard and oriented strandboard products prior to 1989.

c

Fewer than 500,000 ft2.

Production 

Table 53—Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard production, imports, 

exports, and consumption, 1965–1999 (3/4-in. basis)a
80 

Consumption

Year Production Importsc Exports Total Per capita

Million Million Million Million

square feet square feet square feet square feet Square feet

1965 3,362 75 42 3,395 17

1966 3,079 67 48 3,098 16

1967 3,209 69 45 3,233 16

1968 3,476 94 45 3,525 18

1969 3,623 98 65 3,656 18

1970 3,194 103 51 3,246 16

1971 3,839 115 65 3,889 19

1972 3,918 121 66 3,973 19

1973 3,914 140 79 3,975 19

1974 3,282 72 102 3,252 15

1975 2,960 36 77 2,919 14

1976 3,407 45 77 3,375 15

1977 3,462 107 84 3,485 16

1978 3,437 139 106 3,470 16

1979 3,310 138 49 3,399 15

1980 2,780 100 62 2,818 12

1981 2,124 104 110 2,118 9

1982 1,790 118 67 1,841 8

1983 2,277 204 83 2,398 10

1984 2,545 286 89 2,742 12

1985 2,461 343 80 2,724 11

1986 2,194 338 117 2,415 10

1987 2,242 273 127 2,388 10

1988 2,340 320 203 2,457 10

1989 2,455 346 180 2,621 11

1990 2,365 290 175 2,480 10

1991 2,323 200 191 2,332 9

1992 2,363 310 215 2,458 10

1993 2,358 285 208 2,435 9

1994d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1995d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1996d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1997d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1998d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1999d 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

a

Density equal to or less than 31 lb/ft3. b

American Forest and Paper Association (2,4); U.S. Department 

 of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (52,56,57); Data may not 

 add to totals because of rounding.

c

Includes other building board.

d

Preliminary.

Table 54—lnsulating boarda

 production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–1999 (1/2-in. basis)b
81 

Consumption

Year Production Importsc Exports Total Per capita

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand

tons tons tons tons pounds

1965 1,234 28 15 1,246 6

1966 1,130 25 18 1,137 6

1967 1,178 25 17 1,187 6

1968 1,276 34 17 1,294 6

1969 1,330 36 24 1,342 7

1970 1,172 38 19 1,191 6

1971 1,409 42 24 1,427 7

1972 1,438 44 24 1,458 7

1973 1,436 51 29 1,459 7

1974 1,204 26 37 1,193 6

1975 1,086 13 28 1,071 5

1976 1,250 17 28 1,239 6

1977 1,271 39 31 1,279 6

1978 1,261 51 39 1,273 6

1979 1,215 51 18 1,247 6

1980 1,020 37 23 1,034 5

1981 780 38 40 777 3

1982 657 43 25 676 3

1983 836 75 30 880 4

1984 934 105 33 1,006 4

1985 903 126 29 1,000 4

1986 805 124 43 886 4

1987 823 100 47 876 4

1988 859 117 75 902 4

1989 901 127 66 962 4

1990 868 106 64 910 4

1991 853 73 70 856 3

1992 867 114 79 902 4

1993 865 105 76 894 3

1994d 857 112 62 906 3

1995d 857 112 62 906 3

1996d 857 112 62 906 3

1997d 857 112 62 906 3

1998d 857 112 62 906 3

1999d 857 112 62 906 3

a

Density equal to or less than 31 lb/ft3. b

Product of table 53 using a conversion of .367. c

Includes other building board. d

Preliminary.

Table 55—lnsulating boarda

 production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–1999b

 (thousand tons)
82 

Consumption

Year Productionc Imports Exports Total Per capita

Million Million Million Million

 square feet square feet square feet square feet Square feet

1965 2,921 574 22 3,473 18

1966 3,083 459 32 3,510 18

1967 3,038 455 30 3,463 17

1968 3,710 623 40 4,293 21

1969 4,247 694 48 4,893 24

1970 4,384 452 77 4,759 23

1971 5,225 631 83 5,773 28

1972 5,798 1,060 103 6,755 32

1973 6,050 1,047 131 6,966 33

1974 5,654 739 175 6,218 29

1975 5,681 264 158 5,787 27

1976 6,785 486 187 7,084 32

1977 7,714 625 174 8,165 37

1978 7,825 903 78 8,650 39

1979 7,688 831 101 8,418 37

1980 6,140 515 87 6,568 29

1981 6,105 568 171 6,502 28

1982 5,587 458 47 5,998 26

1983 7,303 717 60 7,960 34

1984 6,837 807 64 7,580 32

1985 6,300 782 192 6,890 29

1986 5,822 855 182 6,495 27

1987 5,458 832 269 6,021 25

1988 5,118 633 322 5,429 22

1989 5,196 718 427 5,487 22

1990 5,025 689 552 5,162 21

1991 4,895 571 606 4,860 19

1992 5,273 571 836 5,008 20

1993 5,248 639 917 4,970 19

1994 5,206 1,119 1,190 5,135 20

1995 4,930 1,152 1,377 4,705 18

1996 5,280 1,183 1,426 5,037 19

1997 4,501 1,306 1,259 4,548 17

1998 4,300 1,273 871 4,703 17

1999 4,386 1,782 916 5,253 19

a

Density greater than 31 lb/ft3. b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (52,56,57); 

 American Forest and Paper Association (2,3,4); U.S. International Trade 

Commission (69); data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

Data for the years 1982 to present are for shipments.

Table 56—Hardboarda

 production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–1999 (1/8-in. basis)b
83 

Hardboard and

particleboardb Hardboard Particleboardc

Year Actual Relatived Actual Relatived Actual Relatived

1965 41.2 149.3 43.5 157.6 — —

1966 41.0 144.4 43.4 152.8 — —

1967 39.6 138.9 42.6 149.5 — —

1968 39.2 134.2 41.7 142.8 — —

1969 40.7 133.9 42.6 140.1 — —

1970 36.9 117.1 43.5 138.1 — —

1971 37.0 113.8 43.0 132.3 — —

1972 38.2 112.4 43.5 127.9 — —

1973 41.8 108.9 44.7 116.4 — —

1974 45.6 100.0 50.1 109.9 — —

1975 45.0 90.4 50.0 100.4 — —

1976 49.0 94.0 56.0 107.5 — —

1977 55.8 100.7 60.9 109.9 — —

1978 67.5 113.3 66.8 112.1 — —

1979 65.6 97.6 70.1 104.3 — —

1980 75.6 98.7 79.8 104.2 — —

1981 84.2 100.7 92.8 111.0 — —

1982 87.0 102.0 97.3 114.1 — —

1983 90.7 105.0 97.7 113.1 87.6 101.4

1984 94.2 106.4 99.4 112.3 96.1 108.6

1985 92.3 104.8 100.3 113.8 90.9 103.2

1986 93.2 109.0 101.0 118.1 92.7 108.4

1987 95.2 108.6 99.0 112.9 99.8 113.8

1988 96.7 106.0 100.8 110.5 103.4 113.4

1989 97.6 102.0 100.9 105.4 106.0 110.8

1990 93.5 94.3 98.6 99.4 96.7 97.5

1991 92.6 93.2 96.7 97.3 96.5 97.1

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1993 111.4 109.8 106.5 104.9 114.8 113.1

1994 120.9 117.7 109.1 106.2 128.5 125.1

1995 121.4 114.1 113.2 106.4 128.4 120.7

1996 114.3 104.9 115.8 106.2 123.3 113.1

1997 108.1 99.3 119.0 109.4 117.6 108.1

1998 110.6 100.2 116.5 105.5 114.7 103.9

1999 118.0 98.1 118.7 98.7 118.1 98.2

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (63).

b

Hardboard, particleboard, and fiberboard products.

c

Platen-type (mat formed)

d

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities index.

Table 57—Producer price indexes for hardboard and particleboard, 

1965–1999 (1992 = 100)a
84 

Year Total Creosote Oilborneb Waterborne Fire Fire

solutions pressure pressure retardants Cresote Oilborne Waterborne retardants

1984 5,990,223 1,651,128 643,320 3,620,364 74,676 120 95 445 75

1985 6,232,526 1,542,852 630,420 3,944,124 114,384 123 97 449 77

1986 6,649,988 1,424,988 593,808 4,505,496 124,944 117 81 475 79

1987 6,912,536 1,173,888 582,684 5,027,808 127,416 109 71 479 81

1988 7,190,466 1,085,772 574,428 5,406,780 122,760 97 65 484 80

1989 6,684,010 1,078,440 592,632 4,883,292 128,952 90 60 473 71

1990 7,028,294 1,118,304 559,104 5,252,100 98,112 85 65 458 66

1991 6,781,779 1,051,320 521,880 5,092,440 115,488 83 63 445 60

1992 7,026,410 1,078,452 477,876 5,369,244 100,224 81 44 432 57

1993 7,271,029 1,105,584 433,860 5,646,048 84,960 76 49 404 48

1994 7,609,643 1,134,780 495,348 5,962,596 16,296 85 33 461 44

1995 6,947,010 1,101,012 393,168 5,407,152 45,156 71 28 384 39

1996 7,099,799 1,038,136 401,934 5,614,264 44,974 68 27 368 29

1997 8,773,495 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

1998f 8,773,495 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

1999f 8,773,495 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

Year Totald Fence Switch and Plywood Othere

Lumber Timbers Poles Pilings posts Crossties bridge ties (thousand sq.ft.)

1984 3,980,729 948,965 324,492 931,896 142,068 235,800 1,064,640 98,376 179,936 234,492

1985 4,032,820 1,025,956 350,496 921,972 126,348 149,232 1,030,728 97,608 267,072 330,480

1986 4,136,740 1,173,628 387,348 880,092 125,784 208,092 965,316 70,884 297,664 325,596

1987 4,118,679 1,290,567 542,376 903,288 97,440 135,024 715,128 111,672 408,064 323,184

1988 4,136,768 1,417,868 540,204 854,292 116,388 148,848 693,240 75,780 406,560 290,148

1989 4,054,037 1,207,913 527,412 887,700 116,136 172,524 696,264 75,612 422,048 370,476

1990 4,240,101 1,290,657 576,012 882,012 86,232 178,488 755,856 85,980 392,736 384,864

1991 4,129,285 1,220,053 630,372 860,808 81,240 166,020 731,664 74,760 415,936 364,368

1992 4,236,767 1,284,479 622,284 812,592 93,012 165,504 747,348 77,052 430,368 434,496

1993 4,344,226 1,348,906 614,196 764,376 104,772 164,988 763,032 79,332 444,800 504,624

1994 5,146,279 1,084,470 970,867 903,974 121,390 246,946 756,648 120,036 651,267 941,949

1995 4,698,187 990,043 886,332 825,264 110,820 225,444 690,768 109,584 594,560 859,932

1996 4,470,363 1,160,247 667,572 762,792 101,028 281,208 669,948 68,880 681,088 758,688

1997 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

1998f 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

1999f 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

a

Wood Preservation Statistics, 1996 (72); American Plywood Association, The Engineered Wood Association (8,10).

b

Pentachlorophenol, Copper Napthenate, Zinc Napthenate, Copper-8-Quinolinolate, and TBTO (mostly pentachlorophenol).

c

1984 was estimated.

d

Excludes plywood. 

e

Crossarms, landscape timbers, highway posts and guardrails, mine ties and timbers, crossing planks, and other misc. products not 

 listed above. Lumber taken from General Technical Report GTR-199 update, table 11 Hardwood Recovery Factor. 

 Plywood taken from GTR-199 update, Hardwood Plywood Lumber Conversion table B-7. All Other taken from GTR-199 update, table B-10. f

Preliminary.

Table 58—Production of treated wood products by type of treatment, treatment plant, and product, 1984–1999 

(thousands of board feet)a

Volume of treated wood Plants treating withc

Volume by product
85 

Table 59—Production of forest chemical products, 1965–1999a

Tall oil fatty acids Turpentineb Rosinc

Over 2% Under 2% Sulphate Gum Steam Tall oil Gum Steam

Year Total rosin rosin Total turpentined turpentine distilled Total rosin rosin distilled rosin

1000 Short 1000 Short 1000 Short 1000 U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 Short 1000 Short 1000 Short 1000 Short

Tons Tons Tons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Tons Tons Tons Tons

1965 164.0 N/A N/A 35,033 21,033 5,569 8,432 591.2 179.2 103.3 308.8

1966 185.5 N/A N/A 33,275 21,338 4,211 7,727 559.9 200.0 78.1 281.9

1967 183.2 N/A N/A 31,397 20,987 3,387 7,024 534.5 194.6 63.9 275.9

1968 186.3 N/A N/A 32,609 23,658 2,521 6,430 527.8 204.3 48.9 274.6

1969 203.9 N/A N/A 30,869 23,975 1,750 5,144 498.1 226.8 34.0 237.4

1970 220.2 N/A N/A 28,790 22,768 1,292 4,731 473.6 228.7 25.1 219.8

1971 223.9 N/A N/A 28,433 22,745 1,418 4,270 466.3 230.3 26.3 209.8

1972 235.9 N/A N/A 28,295 23,206 1,328 3,761 465.7 240.1 25.5 200.1

1973 226.8 N/A N/A 27,308 22,629 1,143 3,536 418.4 222.2 20.2 176.0

1974 199.8 N/A N/A 25,583 21,379 797 3,407 369.3 198.0 14.5 156.8

1975 161.3 N/A N/A 21,471 18,575 1,006 1,890 264.0 160.7 17.8 85.5

1976 205.7 N/A N/A 24,183 20,265 920 2,998 350.2 201.7 16.8 131.7

1977 197.6 98.0 99.6 23,646 20,297 731 2,618 341.1 202.4 13.4 125.3

1978 193.8 102.1 91.7 24,949 22,066 517 2,366 340.8 211.5 9.4 119.9

1979 210.8 107.1 103.6 26,257 23,449 369 2,439 354.4 231.7 7.0 115.7

1980 209.0 114.8 94.2 27,685 24,979 314 2,392 343.6 223.3 5.9 114.4

1981 210.7 102.1 108.6 25,765 23,310 270 2,185 331.3 221.8 5.1 104.5

1982 187.7 91.1 96.6 23,353 21,283 230 1,840 286.4 194.0 4.4 88.0

1983 214.0 103.4 110.6 23,808 22,193 235 1,380 303.9 211.6 4.3 88.0

1984 235.8 118.4 117.5 23,233 21,628 225 1,380 295.8 225.6 4.2 66.0

1985 204.6 106.8 97.8 22,191 21,096 175 920 261.9 214.5 3.4 44.0

1986 215.1 112.5 102.5 21,956 21,956 N/A N/A 216.8 216.8 N/A N/A

1987 231.0 114.1 116.9 23,196 23,196 N/A N/A 252.1 252.1 N/A N/A

1988 239.4 118.9 120.5 28,000 28,000 N/A N/A 256.5 256.5 N/A N/A

1989 241.2 114.7 126.5 29,749 29,749 N/A N/A 262.1 262.1 N/A N/A

1990 236.8 112.8 124.1 31,077 31,077 N/A N/A 274.6 274.6 N/A N/A

1991 264.8 125.7 139.0 25,767 25,767 N/A N/A 262.9 262.9 N/A N/A

1992 251.9 115.0 137.0 24,498 24,498 N/A N/A 266.1 266.1 N/A N/A

1993 255.2 107.4 147.8 27,114 27,114 N/A N/A 285.6 285.6 N/A N/A

1994 279.1 124.6 154.4 26,424 26,424 N/A N/A 281.8 281.8 N/A N/A

1995 249.8 109.0 140.8 25,328 25,328 N/A N/A 272.6 272.6 N/A N/A

1996 254.7 109.0 145.6 22,412 22,412 N/A N/A 290.6 290.6 N/A N/A

1997 273.7 112.8 160.9 25,564 25,564 N/A N/A 308.4 308.4 N/A N/A

1998 281.9 130.8 151.1 24,146 24,146 N/A N/A 271.7 271.7 N/A N/A

1999e 290.2 133.7 156.5 20,733 20,733 N/A N/A 231.1 231.1 N/A N/A

a

Naval Stores Review (22).

b

1965-1972 numbers are converted from 50 gallon barrels to 1000 gallons.

c

1965-1972 numbers are converted from 520 lb. drums to 1000 short tons.

d

1988-present represents crude turpentine production.

e

Preliminary
86 

Annotated Bibliography 

1. Adams, Darius. Timber assessment market model 

database. [unpublished]. Oregon State University, 

Portland, OR. 

Hardwood and softwood lumber production.

2. American Forest and Paper Association. Paper, 

paperboard, and wood pulp statistical summary. 

[monthly]. Washington, DC. 

Production, imports, and exports of paper, paperboard, 

and wood pulp; pulpwood consumption; and related 

subjects. 

3. American Forest and Paper Association. Wood 

statistical roundup. Statistical supplement. [monthly and 

quarterly]. Washington, DC. 

Lumber production, shipments, orders, stocks, trade, 

and related subjects. 

4. American Forest and Paper Association. Statistics 

of paper, paperboard, and wood pulp. [annual]. 

Washington, DC. 

Production, shipments, imports, and exports of paper, 

paperboard, and wood pulp; financial data on the paper 

industry; data on related subjects. 

5. American Forest and Paper Association. U.S. wood 

pulp data. [monthly]. Washington, DC. 

U.S. and Canadian pulp production by grade, use, 

shipment, and inventory. 

6. American Forest and Paper Association, Paper 

Recycling Group. Annual statistical summary of 

recovered paper utilization. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

U.S. recovered paper usage by grade, region, and end 

use; quantitative data on consumption. 

7. American Iron and Steel Institute. Annual statistical 

report. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

Internet address: http://www.steel.org

8. American Plywood Association–The Engineered 

Wood Association. APA economics report. Tacoma, 

WA. 

Quantitative data on demand for structural panel 

products in North America. 

9. American Plywood Association–The Engineered 

Wood Association. APA structural panel statistics. 

[weekly]. Tacoma, WA. 

Structural panel production, capacity, orders, and 

shipments. 

10. American Plywood Association–The Engineered 

Wood Association. Regional production and distribution patterns of the structural panel industry. [monthly]. 

Tacoma, WA. 

Structural panel production by major producing regions 

and shipments to major trading areas; description of 

market conditions and economic factors that affect 

 production. 

11. American Pulpwood Association. Monthly pulpwood 

summary. [monthly]. New York. 

Pulpwood consumption, domestic receipts, imports, and 

inventories by region and type of wood. 

12. American Pulpwood Association. Pulpwood statistics. 

[annual]. Washington, DC. 

Pulpwood consumption, receipts, and inventories by 

region, State, and type of pulpwood.

13. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. Personal fax 

communication, June 1999. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 

Canadian export of newsprint by destination; Canadian 

shipment of uncoated mechanical papers to United 

States. 

14. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station.

1932. Wholesale prices for 213 years, 1720 to 1932. 

Memoir 142. Ithaca, NY. 

Estimates of wholesale prices for various commodities, 

1720 to 1932. 

15. Ince, Peter. 2000. Industrial wood productivity in the 

United States, 1900–1998. Res. Note FPL–RN–0272. 

Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 

Internet address: 

http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/econ/Publications.htm 

16. Ince, Peter, and others. Roundwood, residue, and 

recycled fiber equivalents of U.S. forest product production, consumption, and trade, 1982–1996. [In preparation]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. 

17. Ingram, C. Denise; Ince, Peter J.; Mehlberg, Ryan L. 

1999. United States pulpwood receipts, softwood and 

hardwood, roundwood and residues, 1953–1996. Gen. 

Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–115. Madison, WI. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products 

Laboratory. 

18. Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of 

Marketing. Louisiana forest products—quarterly market report. Baton Rouge, LA. Internet address: 

http://www.ldaf.state.la.us

Stumpage and delivered prices of saw logs and pulpwood for selected species; delivered prices of poles and 

pine stumps. 
87 

19. Luppold, G. William; Dempsey, P. Gilbert. 1989. 

New estimates of central and eastern U.S. hardwood 

lumber production. Northern Journal of applied 

Forestry. 6(3). 

20. National Particleboard Association. Particleboard & 

medium density fiberboard annual production & shipments. [annual]. Silver Spring, MD. 

Particleboard and medium density fiberboard production, shipments, number of plants, value of shipments, 

and related subjects. 

21. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Industry, Economics, and Programs Branch.

Selected forestry statistics Canada. [annual]. Ottawa, 

ON. 

22. Naval Stores Review. International yearbook. [annual]. 

New Orleans, LA. 

23. New Hampshire University, Cooperative Extension 

Service and New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development. New Hampshire 

forest market report. [annual]. Durham, NH. 

Stumpage prices and roadside and delivered prices of 

saw logs, pulpwood, excelsior wood, poles, pilings, 

boltwood, and other products, by selected species; 

lumber prices. 

24. Powell, Douglas S.; Faulkner, Joanne L.; Darr, 

David R.; Zhu, Zhiliang; MacCleery, Douglas W.

1993. Forest resources of the U.S., 1992. Gen. Tech. 

Rep. RM–234. (Revised, June 1994). Fort Collins, CO: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky 

Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 

Data from periodic surveys of forest resources by State 

and Forest Service region—land area by class of land, 

timberland area by ownership, net volume of timber on 

timberland by class and species group, and related 

data. 

25. Statistics Canada, Industry Division. Production, 

shipments, and stocks on hand of sawmills in British 

Columbia. [monthly]. Ottawa, ON. 

Estimates of production, shipments (by destination), and 

stock by species for interior and coastal mills. 

26. Statistics Canada, Industry Division. Production, 

shipments, and stocks on hand of sawmills east of the 

Rockies. [monthly]. Ottawa, ON. 

Estimates of production, shipments (by destination), and 

stock by species and Providence (excluding Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island; price information for 

some species. 

27. Statistics Canada, Industry Division. Wood industries. Census of manufacturers of wood industries. [annual]. Ottawa, ON. 

Number of industries, employment, wages, shipments, 

materials and supplies, and related subjects; figures on 

lumber production by Province. 

28. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization, 

Economic Commission for Europe. European timber 

trends and prospects: into the 21st century. Geneva timber and forest study papers, no. 11. [annual]. Geneva, 

Switzerland. 

Projections of European supply, demand, and trade for 

timber products. 

29. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization.

Forestry database: FAOSTAT. 

Internet address: http://www.fao.org

Historical data to 1998 on production and trade of pulp 

and paper products and other wood products. 

30. U.S. Council of Economic Advisors. Economic indicators. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Output, income, and spending; employment, unemployment, and wages; production and business activity; 

prices; money, credit, and security markets; Federal 

finance; and related subjects. 

31. U.S. Council of Economic Advisors. Economic report 

of the President. [annual]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Detailed description of the economic situation at the 

beginning of each year; comprehensive series of historical statistics on national income, population, employment, wages, productivity, business activity, prices, 

money supply, finance, corporate profits, agriculture, 

international trade, and related subjects. 

32. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Circular Series WP 1–00, April 2000. 

Wood products: International trade and foreign markets.

[annual]. 

Volume and value of imports and exports of timber 

products.

33. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Bulletin of hardwood market statistics: first, second and 

third quarters. [quarterly]. Princeton, WV. 

34. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest 

forest industries. [quarterly]. Portland, OR: Pacific 

Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 

Current information on the timber situation in the 

West—data on log, lumber, and plywood production, 

and prices; employment in forest industries; international trade in logs and lumber; volume and average 

prices of stumpage sold by public agencies; and related 

subjects. 
88 

35. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

Pulpwood prices in the mid-South. Res. Note SO. [annual]. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment 

Station. 

Pulpwood prices in U.S. mid-South, by wood type 

(hardwood and softwood) and purchase point. 

36. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Pulpwood production in the North Central region by 

county. [annual]. St. Paul, MN: North Central Forest 

Experiment Station, 

Pulpwood production in the Lake and Central states by 

State, county, and species. 

37. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Pulpwood production in the Northeast. [annual]. Radnor, PA: Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 

Pulpwood production by State and species group, wood 

pulp production, and locations and names of pulp 

producers in the Northeast. 

38. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Southern pulpwood production. [annual]. Asheville, 

NC: Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, and New 

Orleans, LA: Southern Forest Experiment Station. 

Pulpwood production in 12 southern states by species 

group, State, and county. 

39. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

1997. U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and 

price statistics. James Howard. FPL–GTR–98. Madison, 

WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Forest Products Laboratory. 

40. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 

Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from national forests, by selected species and region. [quarterly 

and annual]. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service. 

Stumpage prices of timber sold from National Forests 

by selected species and region. 

41. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

1964. The demand and price situation for forest products, 1964. Misc. Pub. 983. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Historical data on U.S. timber production, trade, 

consumption, and prices. 

42. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

1989. An analysis of the timber situation in the United 

States 1952–2040. GTR RM–199. Washington, DC. 

Comprehensive survey and analysis of present and 

 prospective timber demand, supply, and prices in the 

United States. 

43. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

1997. Report of the United States on the criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of temperate 

and boreal forests. [annual]. Washington, DC 

44. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Hardwood plywood. Curr. Ind. Rep. Ser. MA–

24F. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

Production and shipments of hardwood plywood by type 

of plywood, geographic division, and face species. 

45. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Housing completions. Constr. Rep. C 22. 

[monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Number of houses completed in the United States by 

structure type, ownership, region, and metropolitan statistical area. 

46. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Housing starts. Constr. Rep. C 20. [monthly]. 

Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. 

Government Printing Office. 

Number of houses started in the United States by 

structure type, ownership, region, and metropolitan statistical area; information on shipments of mobile homes. 

47. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Lumber production and mill stocks. Curr. Ind. 

Rep. Ser. MA-24T. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

Lumber production by major species, producing region, 

and State. 

48. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. New one-family houses sold and for sale.

Constr. Rep. C 25. [monthly and annual]. Washington, 

DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office. 

Number of privately owned, one-family homes sold and 

for sale in the United States by stage of construction 

and sale price. 

49. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Particleboard. Curr. Ind. Rep. Ser. MA-24L . 

[annual]. Washington, DC. 

Production of particleboard by State, type of particleboard, shipment, and resin consumption. 

50. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Population characteristics. Curr. Pop. Rep. Ser. 

P–20. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Estimates of households, families, marital status, 

fertility, and related population characteristics. 
89 

51. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Population estimates and projections. Curr. 

Pop. Rep. Ser. P–25. [monthly]. Washington, DC: 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office. 

Estimates of United States population by type and 

month. 

52. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Pulp, paper, and board. Curr. Ind. Rep. Ser. 

MA-26A. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

Pulpwood receipts, consumption, and inventories; wood 

pulp production, transfers, and inventories; paper and 

board shipments by grade; and related subjects. 

53. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Residential alterations and repairs. Constr. Rep. 

C 50. [quarterly and annual supplement]. Washington, 

DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office 

Regional data on expenditures for additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs and replacements for 

all residential units and for owner occupants of onehousing unit properties. 

54. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Softwood plywood. Curr. Ind. Rep. Ser. 

MA-24H. [annual]. Washington, DC. 

Production of softwood plywood and veneer and 

consumption of softwood veneer logs. 

55. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Statistics for industry groups and industries. 

M(AS-1). Washington, DC. Internet address: 

http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/industry.html 

56. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. U.S. exports/schedule E commodity by country. FT 410. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Volume and value of exports by product and country of 

destination; lumber exports presented by major species 

and grade. 

57. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. U.S. imports for consumption and general imports/ TSUSA commodity by country of origin. FT 246. 

[annual]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Volume and value of imports by product and country of 

origin; lumber imports presented by major species and 

grade. 

58. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census. Value of new construction put in place. Constr. 

Rep. C 30. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent 

of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Value of new construction put in place by type of 

construction. 

59. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Characteristics of new housing. [annual]. 

Constr. Rep. C 25. Washington, DC: Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Housing completions by type of structure and location. 

60. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic 

Analysis. Survey of current business. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Gross national product, national income, personal 

income, and outlays, foreign transactions, and other 

national subjects. 

61. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industrial 

Economics. Construction review. [monthly]. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Volume of construction, costs, employment, and related 

subjects. 

62. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and earnings, United States. Internet 

address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/ceshome.htm 

Employment and earnings of individual nonagricultural 

industries in the United States. 

63. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Producer prices and price indexes. [monthly and 

annual]. Washington, DC. 

Prices and price indexes of several hundred commodities, including selected lumber items of important commercial species and plywood, pulp, and paper items. 

64. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI detailed report. [monthly]. Washington, 

DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office. 

Consumer price indexes for goods and services usually 

bought by all urban consumers and by urban wage 

earners and clerical workers. 

65. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1979. Employment and earnings, United States, 

1909-78 and supplements. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 

Office. 

Employment and earnings of individual nonagricultural 

industries in the United States. 
90 

66. U.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors.

Federal reserve bulletin. [monthly]. Washington, DC. 

Interest rates; security prices; Federal and business 

finances; selected indexes on business activity and 

wholesale and consumer prices; sales, profits, and 

dividends of large manufacturing corporations; and 

related subjects.

67. U.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors.

Industrial production. [monthly]. Washington, DC. 

Indexes of industrial production by market and industry. 

68. U.S. Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity 

Summaries. [annual]. Reston, VA. 

Internet address: http://minerals.usgs.gov 

69. U.S. International Trade Commission. Interactive 

tariff and trade data web. 

Internet address: http://dataweb.usitc.gov/

Interactive database containing Department of 

Commerce data on imports and exports of commodities 

identified by trade code.

70. U.S. International Trade Commission. U.S. trade 

shifts in selected industries. [annual]. 

Volume and value of imports and exports of timber 

products. 

71. Western Wood Products Association. Western lumber 

facts. [weekly]. Portland, OR. 

Softwood lumber production, orders, shipments, stocks, 

and realization value in the western woods region by 

major species.

72. Wood Preservers Institute. The 1996 wood preserving 

industry production statistical report. [annual]. Fairfax, 

VA. 

Volume and value of wood preservative and wood 

products treated with preservatives. 

73. Wood Technology. North American factbook, panel 

review. [annual]. 

Data published by APA, Statistics Canada, National 

Particleboard Association, and American Hardboard 

Association.