# Patent

## Title
Trusted security zone watermark

## Abstract

Embodiments relate generally to methods and systems for creating and using a watermark for verification of operation in a trusted security zone of a mobile device. The watermark may be created or chosen by a user and may be unique to the user. The watermark may be stored in a trusted security zone of the mobile device and may not be accessible from any other area of the mobile device. The watermark may comprise one or more of an image, an audio file, a video, a shape, a signature, a word, a phrase, or a number. The watermark may be verified by a user before operation of a secure application executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device, and the watermark may also be present throughout the use of a secure application.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
None.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not applicable.
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
Not applicable.
BACKGROUND
Electronic communications may carry a wide variety of content, for example electronic mail, medical records, financial transactions, and other confidential information. The electronic communications may travel for some of the communication end-to-end path over unsecured communication links where the content may be subject to tampering or intrusion. A variety of security measures have been applied to provide increased security and to raise the level of difficulty for nefarious actors attempting to access the confidential information.
SUMMARY
In an embodiment, a method for creating a trusted security zone watermark during the start-up procedure of a mobile device is disclosed. The method comprises operating a mobile device comprising a trusted security zone; opening a start-up application executed in the trusted security zone; capturing an image using the mobile device while executing the start-up application; storing the image in the trusted security zone, wherein access to the trusted security zone is restricted to the start-up application and to one or more secure applications; and designating the image as a watermark, wherein the watermark is presented by the mobile device when a user is operating a secure application executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device
In an embodiment, a method for creating a trusted security zone watermark during the start-up procedure of a mobile device is disclosed. The method comprises: operating a mobile device comprising a trusted security zone; opening a start-up application executed in the trusted security zone; inputting a media file using the mobile device while operating the start-up application; storing the media file in the trusted security zone, wherein access to the trusted security zone is restricted to the start-up application and to one or more secure applications; and designating the media file as a watermark, wherein the watermark is presented by the mobile device when a user is operating a secure application executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device.
In an embodiment, a method of verifying that a user is operating a mobile device in a trusted security zone is disclosed. The method comprises: executing a secure application, wherein the secure application is executed in a trusted security zone of a mobile device; presenting a watermark to a user, wherein the presence of the watermark provides verification that the secure application is executing in the trusted security zone, and wherein the watermark comprises one or more of an image, an audio file, a video, a word, a phrase, a number, or set of numbers; and receiving indication that the watermark is present and correct before any information in the secure application is accessed, wherein the watermark remains present in some form for the duration of the execution of the secure application.
These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a communication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating another method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6A is a block diagram of a software architecture of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6B is a block diagram of another software architecture of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and
FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system suitable for implementing the several embodiments of the disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to methods and systems for verifying operation in a trusted security zone on a device, such as mobile device. A user may operate one or more secure applications on a mobile device, wherein the secure application(s) may be stored and executed in a trusted security zone of the mobile device. It may, in some cases, be desired to provide indication to the user that they are operating in the trusted security zone, for example, to give a user confidence in using a trusted application that confidential information is unlikely to be exposed or stolen. An indication may be provided visually and/or audibly, for example. A unique indicator, referred to herein as a trusted security zone watermark, or more concisely as a watermark, may provide an indication of secure operation. In some contexts, the unique indicator may also be referred to as a Trust Mark. In some contexts, the unique indicator may be referred to as a trusted execution environment (TEE) bug or icon. It will be appreciated that the unique indicator may be referred to using a variety of terms. A unique or personalized watermark may be more difficult to duplicate or imitate than a generic watermark or indicator that might be used. Duplication of the watermark may allow a malicious application to act as if it was authorized by trust zone, wherein a user may enter secure information that would be captured by the malicious application.
The unique indicator, or watermark, may be chosen and/or created by the user. As an example, during initial start-up of a device comprising a trusted security zone, a user may be prompted to create the unique watermark. The watermark may comprise one or more of an image, an audio file, a video, a word, a phrase, or a number, and may be captured or created using hardware on the mobile device such as a camera, a microphone, a keypad, a touch screen, etc. The watermark may be stored in an area of memory protected by the trusted security zone of the mobile device and may not be accessible to any application or device outside of the trusted security zone. In other words, the devices through which the watermark may be input to the mobile device (or potentially modified) may be “captured” by the trusted security zone for that period of input (or modification) such that other entities (which may be malicious) do not have access to the inputs and/or outputs of the devices (cameras, microphones, touch screen, etc.)
For example, a secure application that executes in the trusted security zone, which may be also known as a start-up application or watermark application, may take over or capture the camera of a mobile device and may prompt a user to capture a unique photo using the camera. The photo would then be stored in the trusted security zone of the mobile device, and the photo may then be designated as the watermark for that mobile device. Then, the watermark may be presented by the mobile device whenever a user accesses a secure application executed in the trusted security zone. Additionally, in some cases the user may be asked to verify the presence and accuracy of the watermark by a dialog box that may appear on the screen of the mobile device before execution of the secure application. In some cases, the watermark may be periodically reset, renewed, or refreshed. As an example, after a set number of months of using a first watermark, the start-up application may require the user to create or input a second watermark, and this process may be repeated periodically.
In another example, the watermark may comprise a drawing, shape, or signature that may be input using a touch screen or other similar device of the mobile device. The watermark may also comprise a phrase, number, or word input using a touch screen or keypad of the mobile device. Additionally, the watermark may comprise an audio or video file recorded using the mobile device. Recording audio and/or video may comprise the use of a microphone and/or a camera of the mobile device. Alternatively, the watermark may be chosen by a user from options presented by the secure application.
In some cases, the watermark may be presented at the initiation of a secure application, where a user may be asked to verify the presence and accuracy of the watermark. Additionally, the watermark may be present throughout the use of the secure application in some form, wherein the watermark may comprise a background image, an icon in a portion of the screen, a dynamic image operable to change based on variable circumstances, or another representation of the watermark.
Additionally, a similar approach may be employed without the presence of a trusted security zone on the mobile device. For example, a watermark may be created and stored within a secure element or other hardware trust enabling devices on a mobile device. The secure element may be operable to store and protect the watermark after it is input to the mobile device, and one or more secure applications may be executed on or by the secure element, where the secure applications may present the watermark when operated.
A trusted security zone provides chipsets with a hardware root of trust, a secure execution environment for applications, and secure access to peripherals. A hardware root of trust means the chipset should only execute programs intended by the device manufacturer or vendor and resists software and physical attacks, and therefore remains trusted to provide the intended level of security. The chipset architecture is designed to promote a programmable environment that allows the confidentiality and integrity of assets to be protected from specific attacks. Trusted security zone capabilities are becoming features in both wireless and fixed hardware architecture designs. Providing the trusted security zone in the main mobile device chipset and protecting the hardware root of trust removes the need for separate secure hardware to authenticate the device or user. To ensure the integrity of the applications requiring trusted data, such as a mobile financial services application, the trusted security zone also provides the secure execution environment where only trusted applications can operate, safe from attacks. Security is further promoted by restricting access of non-trusted applications to peripherals, such as data inputs and data outputs, while a trusted application is running in the secure execution environment. In an embodiment, the trusted security zone may be conceptualized as hardware assisted security.
A complete trusted execution environment (TEE) may be implemented through the use of the trusted security zone hardware and software architecture. The trusted execution environment is an execution environment that is parallel to the execution environment of the main mobile device operating system. The trusted execution environment and/or the trusted security zone may provide a base layer of functionality and/or utilities for use of applications that may execute in the trusted security zone. For example, in an embodiment, trust tokens may be generated by the base layer of functionality and/or utilities of the trusted execution environment and/or trusted security zone for use in trusted end-to-end communication links to document a continuity of trust of the communications. Through standardization of application programming interfaces (APIs), the trusted execution environment becomes a place to which scalable deployment of secure services can be targeted. A device which has a chipset that has a trusted execution environment on it may exist in a trusted services environment, where devices in the trusted services environment are trusted and protected against attacks. The trusted execution environment can be implemented on mobile phones and tablets as well as extending to other trusted devices such as personal computers, servers, sensors, medical devices, point-of-sale terminals, industrial automation, handheld terminals, automotive, etc.
The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning all of the hardware and software resources of the mobile device into two partitions: a secure partition and a normal partition. The secure partition may be implemented by a first physical processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second physical processor. Alternatively, the secure partition may be implemented by a first virtual processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second virtual processor. Placing sensitive resources in the secure partition can protect against possible attacks on those resources. For example, resources such as trusted software applications may run in the secure partition and have access to hardware peripherals such as a touchscreen or a secure location in memory. Less secure peripherals such as wireless radios may be disabled completely while the secure partition is being accessed, while other peripherals may only be accessed from the secure partition. While the secure partition is being accessed through the trusted execution environment, the main mobile operating system in the normal partition is suspended, and applications in the normal partition are prevented from accessing the secure peripherals and data. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from breaking the trust of the device.
The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning the hardware and software resources to exist in a secure subsystem which is not accessible to components outside the secure subsystem. The trusted security zone is built into the processor architecture at the time of manufacture through hardware logic present in the trusted security zone which enables a perimeter boundary between the secure partition and the normal partition. The trusted security zone may only be manipulated by those with the proper credential and, in an embodiment, may not be added to the chip after it is manufactured. Software architecture to support the secure partition may be provided through a dedicated secure kernel running trusted applications. Trusted applications are independent secure applications which can be accessed by normal applications through an application programming interface in the trusted execution environment on a chipset that utilizes the trusted security zone.
In an embodiment, the normal partition applications run on a first virtual processor, and the secure partition applications run on a second virtual processor. Both virtual processors may run on a single physical processor, executing in a time-sliced fashion, removing the need for a dedicated physical security processor. Time-sliced execution comprises switching contexts between the two virtual processors to share processor resources based on tightly controlled mechanisms such as secure software instructions or hardware exceptions. The context of the currently running virtual processor is saved, the context of the virtual processor being switched to is restored, and processing is restarted in the restored virtual processor. Time-sliced execution protects the trusted security zone by stopping the execution of the normal partition while the secure partition is executing.
The two virtual processors context switch via a processor mode called monitor mode when changing the currently running virtual processor. The mechanisms by which the processor can enter monitor mode from the normal partition are tightly controlled. The entry to monitor mode can be triggered by software executing a dedicated instruction, the Secure Monitor Call (SMC) instruction, or by a subset of the hardware exception mechanisms such as hardware interrupts, which can be configured to cause the processor to switch into monitor mode. The software that executes within monitor mode then saves the context of the running virtual processor and switches to the secure virtual processor.
The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system that is not accessible to the device users. For security purposes, the trusted security zone is not open to users for installing applications, which means users do not have access to install applications in the trusted security zone. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from executing powerful instructions reserved to the trusted security zone and thus preserves the trust of the device. The security of the system is achieved at least in part by partitioning the hardware and software resources of the mobile phone so they exist in one of two partitions, the secure partition for the security subsystem and the normal partition for everything else. Placing the trusted security zone in the secure partition and restricting access from the normal partition protects against software and basic hardware attacks. Hardware logic ensures that no secure partition resources can be accessed by the normal partition components or applications. A dedicated secure partition operating system runs in a virtual processor separate from the normal partition operating system that likewise executes in its own virtual processor. Users may install applications on the mobile device which may execute in the normal partition operating system described above. The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system for the secure partition that is installed by the mobile device manufacturer or vendor, and users are not able to install new applications in or alter the contents of the trusted security zone.
Turning now to FIG. 1, a communication system 100 is described. In an embodiment, the communication system 100 comprises a mobile device 102 comprising a trusted security zone 104, a permissive sector 108, a cellular radio transceiver 120, an optional near field communication transceiver 114, an optional secure element 116, and an optional user interface 118. In an embodiment, the trusted security zone 104 comprises a secure application 106, wherein one of the secure applications may comprise a start-up application 107. The permissive sector 108 may comprise one or more device applications 110. The mobile device 102 may engage in a variety of communication exchanges. The mobile device 102 may comprise a variety of devices such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a media player, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, and other electronic devices having a macro cellular radio transceiver.
As described above, the trusted security zone 104 may be provided by a physically separate processor or by a virtual processor. The one or more secure application 106 may be any of a variety of applications that process and/or transmit confidential information. The confidential information may comprise sensitive business documents such as electronic mail, marketing literature, business plans, client lists, addresses, employee data, intellectual property documents, and the like. The confidential information may comprise personal medical records or medical data that are subject to privacy requirements enforced by government regulatory bodies or commercial standards. The confidential information may comprise financial information such as account numbers, authentication identities, account balance information, and the like.
When processing and/or transmitting the confidential information, the secure application 106 executes at least partially in the trusted security zone 104. It is a characteristic or feature of the trusted security zone 104, as described more fully above, that when the secure application 106 executes in the trusted security zone 104, untrusted applications are prevented from executing and/or accessing trusted memory partitions and/or accessing the display, communication interfaces, or input devices of the mobile device 102, thereby reducing the opportunity for malware that may have infiltrated the mobile device 102 to corrupt or to monitor the confidential information.
In an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a network 131. The network 131 may be a private network, a public network, or a combination thereof. The network 131 may promote voice communications and data communications. Portions of the network 131 may provide an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network. The mobile device 102 may couple to the network 131 by a variety of communication paths. The mobile device 102 may communicate with a base transceiver station 132 via a wireless link according to any of a variety of wireless communications protocols, including but not limited to code division multiple access (CDMA), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), global system for mobile communications (GSM), or other wireless communication protocol. The wireless link between the mobile device 102 and the base transceiver station 132 may couple the mobile device 102 to the network 131.
In an embodiment, the mobile device 102 may communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) terminal 130 using the near field communication transceiver 114 based on a short range wireless communication protocol, and the point-of-sale terminal 130 may be coupled to the network 131. In an embodiment, the mobile device 102 may communicate with a door scanner 133 via the near field communication transceiver 114 based on a short range wireless communication protocol. In an embodiment, the mobile device 102 may communicate with a femtocell 140 via a wireless link according to any of a variety of wireless protocols, including but not limited to code division multiple access (CDMA), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), global system for mobile communications (GSM), or other wireless communication protocol.
As is known to those of skill in the art, a secure element (SE) may be a specialized semiconductor device and/or semiconductor chip that is designed to thwart attempts to reverse engineer the secure element or to physically slice and examine the secure element under a microscope. In an embodiment, the secure element 116 may be provided in a separate first memory chip. This semiconductor technology may be employed to store confidential information such as financial account balances, fund balances, and/or electronic money. The secure element 116 may allow only a limited number of applications to access the secure element 116 and/or may limit the functions that may be initiated by applications. In an embodiment, the near field communication transceiver 114 may be coupled to the secure element 116 to promote secure payment interactions between a fund stored in the secure element 116 and the point-of-sale terminal 130.
In an embodiment, the trusted security zone 104 may be provided in a secure area of a processor and/or memory chip shared with the permissive sector 108 or in a separate processor and/or memory chip. In an embodiment, at least part of the trusted security zone 104 may share the first memory chip with the secure element 116. Alternatively, at least part of the trusted security zone 104 may be provided in a separate second memory chip. The trusted security zone 104 may be provided as what may be conceptualized as “invisible space.” In an embodiment, at least some of the memory addresses occupied by the trusted security zone 104 may be inaccessible to device applications 110 executing out of permissive sector 108. This demarcation of accessible memory addresses versus inaccessible memory addresses may be provided by the operating system of the mobile device 102. In an embodiment, the trusted security zone 104 may encapsulate a trusted execution environment (TEE), for example conforming at least partially to the Global Platform 2.0 or later revision trusted execution environment standard. It is understood, however, that the trusted security zone 104 is contemplated to provide further functionality than that envisioned by the trusted execution environment standards.
In an embodiment, a trust exchange service 112 is provided in the trusted security zone 104. The trust exchange service 112 may be conceptualized as bridging between the permissive sector 108 and the trusted security zone 104. The trust exchange service 112 promotes secure interactions between the applications executing in the permissive sector 108 and applications executing in the trusted security zone 104. The security may be provided using one or more techniques. For example, the trust exchange service 112 may pause a plurality of execution threads when initiating an interaction with the trusted security zone 104, for example while handling a request for service from the centralized media controller application 106. This feature may reduce the opportunity that other threads may sniff or otherwise seek to intrude on the operation. For example, the trust exchange service 112 may impose a criteria that all communication between the permissive sector 108 and the trusted security zone 104 be conducted using data that is transformed according to protocols of the trusted security zone 104, for example using encryption and/or using hashing. The trust exchange service 112 may also hide address space in the trusted security zone 104 and/or make the address space inaccessible to the permissive sector 108 without the mediation of the trust exchange service 112.
The device applications 110 may be any of a variety of applications. One of the device applications 110 may be a telephone application that receives dialed digits and attempts to originate a voice call—for example a voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call—to a called telephone. One of the device applications 110 may be a web browser application that requests content from the network 131, for example by sending out a hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) message embedding a universal reference locator (URL). One of the device applications 110 may be a media player that requests streaming media from the network 131. Many of the device applications 110 may depend upon communication service provided by an IMS network to deliver their functionality to an end user of the mobile device 102. One of the device applications 110 may comprise a mobile transaction interface, where a user may complete a purchase using the application, and secure information, such as credit card information, may be communicated through the application.
The user interface 118 of the mobile device 102 may, in some embodiments, comprise a display, an input system, a speaker system, and a microphone. In some embodiments, the display may comprise a screen, and the input system may comprise a keypad and/or a touch screen, for example. The speaker system may communicate audio (such as media or messages) to a user of the mobile device 102. The microphone may receive voice and/or audio from a user. In an embodiment, a user may utilize the user interface 118 to communicate with the mobile device 102, for example, to initiate the execution of a device application 110 and/or a secure application 106. Additionally, a user may receive communication from the mobile device 102 via the user interface 118, such as messages, emails, contact information, caller identification, call history, internet access, etc.
In an embodiment, a start-up application 107 may be operable to activate at some point during the initial set up of the mobile device 102, such as when the mobile device 102 is operated for the first time and/or when a new user is operating the mobile device 102. In an embodiment, the start-up application 107 may execute the first time one of the secure applications 106 executes. The start-up application 107 executes in the trusted security zone 104 and may be considered to be a trusted application or a secure application. The start-up application 107 may prompt a user to input and/or capture a media file that may be used as a watermark to indicate that the user is operating in the trusted security zone 104. The media file may comprise an image, an audio file, a video, a word, a phrase, a number, or a combination of the above. The media file may be designated as the watermark, and it may be only stored by the start-up application 107 and/or in the trusted security zone 104. This may prevent duplication or imitation of the watermark by corrupted applications or malware applications.
In some embodiments, the watermark may be presented by the mobile device 102 to the user during the operation of any secure application(s) 106 in the trusted security zone 104. In some embodiments, a secure application 106 may prompt a user for confirmation that the watermark is present and correct before the application 106 executes or before the application 106 performs trusted instructions, for example before the application 106 accesses trusted memory and/or trusted data. Because only the start-up application 107 executing in the trusted execution environment and/or in the trusted security zone 104 can create the watermark, because the watermark is stored in trusted memory, and because only a secure application 106 or the start-up application 107 can access the watermark, if the watermark presented by the mobile device 102 can be visually verified by the user as the watermark they stored, the trusted security zone 104 must be active. Therefore a user can have reasonable confidence that the mobile device 102 is executing in the trusted security zone 104. In some embodiments, the start-up application 107 may be responsible for presenting the watermark to the user upon activation of any secure application 106 operated in the trusted security zone 104. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the secure application 106 may be responsible for presenting the watermark.
In some embodiments, the watermark may be periodically reset, renewed, or refreshed. As an example, after a set number of months of using a first watermark, the start-up application 107 may require the user to create or input a second watermark, and this process may be repeated periodically. This may further ensure the security of the watermark from malware or other malicious applications.
The watermark may in some embodiments comprise an image, where the image may be a photo, a drawing, a shape, a number, a word, a phrase, or a combination of the above. The image may be captured by the mobile device 102 while operating in the trusted security zone 104, wherein a start-up application 107 may prompt a user to capture the image. In some embodiments, the image may be captured using a camera on the mobile device 102. Additionally, a touch screen, touch pad, mouse, and/or keypad may be used to capture the image, wherein a user may draw, write, type, or otherwise create an image using the hardware of the mobile device 102. In another embodiment, a user may be presented options of an image, number, phrase, shape, word, etc. and may make a personalized choice of one or more of the above, wherein the choices may be stored in the trusted security zone 104 and not accessible to other areas of the mobile device 102.
In some embodiments, the image may appear as a background on the display screen (of the user interface 118) of the mobile device 102 throughout the use of a secure application 106. Alternatively, the image may appear as an icon in at least a portion of the screen of the mobile device 102, wherein the icon may, in some embodiments, comprise a version of the original image that was captured. Additionally, in some embodiments, the icon or image may be operable to change appearance, such as color, size, transparency, location, etc., based on variable circumstances, such as the level of security that the user is operating under, the role the user in operation under, and similar cases. As an example, the icon or image may appear green while a user is operating in a verified secure zone of the mobile device 102, the image may be colored yellow if the security is suspicious or unknown, and the image may be colored red if the security is known to be compromised, for example by corrupted applications or malware applications. The image may also comprise a dynamic feature, for example the image may flash or change in a repeated or continuous fashion to indicate variations as described above.
As an example, presenting the watermark to a user may comprise a sequence of steps. First, the watermark may be displayed in high resolution, wherein the watermark image may be full-screen (or fill most of the screen of the mobile device 102). The presentation of the watermark in high resolution and a large scale may aid in verification by a user, wherein a user may be able to discern if the watermark is correct based on the details of the image. Then, after the watermark is verified by a user, the watermark may be changed to appear in a less noticeable fashion during the operation of a secure application 106. This may comprise making the watermark a background image, wherein the image may, in some embodiments, be at least partially transparent and/or altered in color to appear less obtrusive. Alternatively, the watermark may become a smaller icon that appears in a portion of the screen of the mobile device 102, wherein the icon may, in some embodiments, be at least partially transparent and/or altered in color to appear less obtrusive. The continuing presence of the watermark in some form may provide confidence to the user that they are operation in the trusted security zone. In some embodiments, the watermark may be presented in high resolution at one or more points during the operation of the secure application 106, for example, when particular secure information is requested, such as a social security number or other similar information. A user may request that the watermark be presented during the use of a secure application 106 as described above, or they may wish to disable this feature, and this may be controlled in the settings of a secure application 106.
In another embodiment, the watermark may comprise an audio file that plays/sounds at the initiation of a secure application 106 and/or throughout the use of the secure application 106. The audio file may be recorded by the user and/or may be chosen from options presented to the user. Additionally, the watermark may comprise a video file that plays and/or sounds at the initiation of the secure application 106 and/or throughout the use of the secure application 106. The video file may be recorded by the user and/or may be chosen from options presented to the user.
In some embodiments, a combination of the above listed media files may be used to verify the security of the operation in the mobile device 102, wherein an image may be paired with a word, number, and/or phrase for example, or an audio file may be paired with an image, word, number and/or phrase, providing additional complexity to the verification of secure operation. Any combination of one or more of the discussed watermarks may be utilized to further ensure the security of the operation of the mobile device 102.
FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for creating a trusted security zone watermark during the initial start-up procedure of a mobile device. The method 200 comprises, at block 202, operating a mobile device, wherein the operation may be at the initial start-up of the mobile device and/or may occur at another point of use of the mobile device, wherein the mobile device comprises a trusted security zone as described above. At block 204, a secure application (or start-up application) may be initiated (either automatically at the start-up of the mobile device or manually by a user) wherein the secure application may be executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device. The secure application may, in some embodiments, comprise a start-up application or watermark application, wherein the purpose and/or function of the application may be to facilitate start-up operations of the mobile device and/or to create a watermark for the mobile device. Then, at block 206, a user may be prompted to capture or otherwise input a media file using the mobile device, wherein the media file may be stored in the trusted security zone of the mobile device and may not be accessible to any other area of the mobile device or any application executed by the mobile device outside of the trusted security zone. The media file may comprise one or more of an image, a shape, a letter, a word, a phrase, a signature, a number, an audio file, and/or a video, or a combination of the above. The media file may be captured using a camera, video camera, microphone, keypad, touch screen, touch pad, or other hardware of the mobile device. At block 208, the media file(s) may be designated as a watermark for the mobile device, wherein the presence of the watermark may indicate that a user is operating in the trusted security zone of the mobile device.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for verifying that a user is operating a mobile device in a trusted security zone. The method 300 comprises, at block 302, opening or otherwise initiating a secure application that is intended or thought to be executed in the trusted security zone of a mobile device. At block 304, a user may be prompted to verify the secure execution of the application by noting the presence and validity of a watermark, wherein the watermark may comprise one or more of an image, a shape, a letter, a word, a phrase, a signature, a number, an audio file, and/or a video, or a combination of the above. At block 306, the user may provide indication to the application that the watermark is present and correct before the application allows access to the trusted security zone of the mobile device. Indication may be provided to the application by the user pressing a (yes, ok, verify, etc.) button, entering a pin or other code, speaking a verification (voice recognition), and/or responding to a dialog box.
FIG. 4 depicts the mobile device 400, which is operable for implementing aspects of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure should not be limited to these implementations. Though illustrated as a mobile phone, the mobile device 400 may also be known as a mobile device and may take various forms including a wireless handset, a pager, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming device, or a media player. The mobile device 400 includes a display 402 and a touch-sensitive surface and/or keys 404 for input by a user. The mobile device 400 may present options for the user to select, controls for the user to actuate, and/or cursors or other indicators for the user to direct. The mobile device 400 may further accept data entry from the user, including numbers to dial or various parameter values for configuring the operation of the handset. The mobile device 400 may further execute one or more software or firmware applications in response to user commands. These applications may configure the mobile device 400 to perform various customized functions in response to user interaction. Additionally, the mobile device 400 may be programmed and/or configured over-the-air, for example from a wireless base station, a wireless access point, or a peer mobile device 400. The mobile device 400 may execute a web browser application which enables the display 402 to show a web page. The web page may be obtained via wireless communications with a base transceiver station, a wireless network access node, a peer mobile device 400 or any other wireless communication network or system.
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the mobile device 400. While a variety of known components of handsets are depicted, in an embodiment a subset of the listed components and/or additional components not listed may be included in the mobile device 400. The mobile device 400 includes a digital signal processor (DSP) 502 and a memory 504. As shown, the mobile device 400 may further include an antenna and front end unit 506, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 508, a baseband processing unit 510, a microphone 512, an earpiece speaker 514, a headset port 516, an input/output interface 518, a removable memory card 520, a universal serial bus (USB) port 522, an infrared port 524, a vibrator 526, a keypad 528, a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD) with a touch sensitive surface 530, a touch screen/LCD controller 532, a camera 534, a camera controller 536, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 538. In an embodiment, the mobile device 400 may include another kind of display that does not provide a touch sensitive screen. In an embodiment, the DSP 502 may communicate directly with the memory 504 without passing through the input/output interface 518. Additionally, in an embodiment, the mobile device 400 may comprise other peripheral devices that provide other functionality.
The DSP 502 or some other form of controller or central processing unit operates to control the various components of the mobile device 400 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory 504 or stored in memory contained within the DSP 502 itself. In addition to the embedded software or firmware, the DSP 502 may execute other applications stored in the memory 504 or made available via information carrier media such as portable data storage media like the removable memory card 520 or via wired or wireless network communications. The application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configure the DSP 502 to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the DSP 502.
The DSP 502 may communicate with a wireless network via the analog baseband processing unit 510. In some embodiments, the communication may provide Internet connectivity, enabling a user to gain access to content on the Internet and to send and receive e-mail or text messages. The input/output interface 518 interconnects the DSP 502 and various memories and interfaces. The memory 504 and the removable memory card 520 may provide software and data to configure the operation of the DSP 502. Among the interfaces may be the USB port 522 and the infrared port 524. The USB port 522 may enable the mobile device 400 to function as a peripheral device to exchange information with a personal computer or other computer system. The infrared port 524 and other optional ports such as a Bluetooth interface or an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless interface may enable the mobile device 400 to communicate wirelessly with other nearby handsets and/or wireless base stations.
The keypad 528 couples to the DSP 502 via the interface 518 to provide one mechanism for the user to make selections, enter information, and otherwise provide input to the mobile device 400. Another input mechanism may be the touch screen LCD 530, which may also display text and/or graphics to the user. The touch screen LCD controller 532 couples the DSP 502 to the touch screen LCD 530. The GPS receiver 538 is coupled to the DSP 502 to decode global positioning system signals, thereby enabling the mobile device 400 to determine its position.
FIG. 6A illustrates a software environment 602 that may be implemented by the DSP 502. The DSP 502 executes operating system software 604 that provides a platform from which the rest of the software operates. The operating system software 604 may provide a variety of drivers for the handset hardware with standardized interfaces that are accessible to application software. The operating system software 604 may be coupled to and interact with application management services (AMS) 606 that transfer control between applications running on the mobile device 400. Also shown in FIG. 6A are a web browser application 608, a media player application 610, and JAVA applets 612. The web browser application 608 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to browse content and/or the Internet, for example when the mobile device 400 is coupled to a network via a wireless link. The web browser application 608 may permit a user to enter information into forms and select links to retrieve and view web pages. The media player application 610 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to play audio or audiovisual media. The JAVA applets 612 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to provide a variety of functionality including games, utilities, and other functionality.
FIG. 6B illustrates an alternative software environment 620 that may be implemented by the DSP 502. The DSP 502 executes operating system software 628 (for example an operating system kernel) and an execution runtime 630. The DSP 502 executes applications 622 that may execute in the execution runtime 630 and may rely upon services provided by the application framework 624. Applications 622 and the application framework 624 may rely upon functionality provided via the libraries 626.
FIG. 7 illustrates a computer system 700 suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. The computer system 700 includes a processor 702 (which may be referred to as a central processor unit or CPU) that is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage 704, read only memory (ROM) 706, random access memory (RAM) 708, input/output (I/O) devices 710, and network connectivity devices 712. The processor 702 may be implemented as one or more CPU chips.
It is understood that by programming and/or loading executable instructions onto the computer system 700, at least one of the CPU 702, the RAM 708, and the ROM 706 are changed, transforming the computer system 700 in part into a particular machine or apparatus having the novel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to the electrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionality that can be implemented by loading executable software into a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation by well known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volume may be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), because for large production runs the hardware implementation may be less expensive than the software implementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and later transformed, by well known design rules, to an equivalent hardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuit that hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as a machine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus, likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus.
The secondary storage 704 is typically comprised of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM 708 is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage 704 may be used to store programs which are loaded into RAM 708 when such programs are selected for execution. The ROM 706 is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM 706 is a non-volatile memory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage 704. The RAM 708 is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM 706 and RAM 708 is typically faster than to secondary storage 704. The secondary storage 704, the RAM 708, and/or the ROM 706 may be referred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer readable media.
I/O devices 710 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, or other well-known input devices.
The network connectivity devices 712 may take the form of modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and/or other air interface protocol radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices. These network connectivity devices 712 may enable the processor 702 to communicate with the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the processor 702 might receive information from the network, or might output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps. Such information, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions to be executed using processor 702, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave.
Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executed using processor 702 for example, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methods well known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as a transitory signal.
The processor 702 executes instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage 704), ROM 706, RAM 708, or the network connectivity devices 712. While only one processor 702 is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed by a processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed from the secondary storage 704, for example, hard drives, floppy disks, optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM 706, and/or the RAM 708 may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/or non-transitory information.
In an embodiment, the computer system 700 may comprise two or more computers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform a task. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, the data processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of a data set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualization software may be employed by the computer system 700 to provide the functionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to the number of computers in the computer system 700. For example, virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on four physical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed above may be provided by executing the application and/or applications in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providing computing services via a network connection using dynamically scalable computing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part, by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may be established by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basis from a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments may comprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterprise as well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a third party provider.
In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed above may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code embodied therein to implement the functionality disclosed above. The computer program product may comprise data structures, executable instructions, and other computer usable program code. The computer program product may be embodied in removable computer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. The removable computer readable storage medium may comprise, without limitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives, digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer program product may be suitable for loading, by the computer system 700, at least portions of the contents of the computer program product to the secondary storage 704, to the ROM 706, to the RAM 708, and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 700. The processor 702 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures in part by directly accessing the computer program product, for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk drive peripheral of the computer system 700. Alternatively, the processor 702 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures by remotely accessing the computer program product, for example by downloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from a remote server through the network connectivity devices 712. The computer program product may comprise instructions that promote the loading and/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executable instructions to the secondary storage 704, to the ROM 706, to the RAM 708, and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 700.
In some contexts, the secondary storage 704, the ROM 706, and the RAM 708 may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or a computer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM 708, likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and is operated in accordance with its design, for example during a period of time during which the computer 700 is turned on and operational, the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, the processor 702 may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cache memory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections, or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory computer readable media or computer readable storage media.
While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented.
Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.

## Claims

1. A method for creating a trusted security zone watermark during the start-up procedure of a mobile device comprising:
operating a mobile device comprising a trusted security zone;
opening a start-up application executed in the trusted security zone;
capturing an image using the mobile device while executing the start-up application;
storing the image in the trusted security zone, wherein access to the trusted security zone is restricted to the start-up application and to one or more secure applications;
designating the image as a watermark for the mobile device;
in response to a user accessing ay secure application of the one or more secure applications configured to execute in the trusted security zone, presenting, by the mobile device, the watermark, wherein the presentation of the watermark verifies to the user that the secure application is being executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device, and wherein the same watermark is presented regardless of which secure application of the one or more secure applications is accessed by the user; and
prompting the user for confirmation that the watermark is present and correct before allowing the secure application to access trusted information in the trusted security zone.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermark comprises a background image visible during the operation of the secure application.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermark comprises an icon visible in a portion of screen of the mobile device during the operation of the secure application.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the image is verified by the user before operation of the secure application.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermark is presented by the mobile device in some form throughout the operation of the secure application.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the image comprises a photo captured using a camera of the mobile device.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the image comprises a shape, letter, word, phrase, signature or a combination captured using a touch screen or keypad of the mobile device.

8. A method for creating a trusted security zone watermark during the start-up procedure of a mobile device comprising:
operating a mobile device comprising a trusted security zone;
opening a start-up application executed in the trusted security zone;
inputting a media file using the mobile device while operating the start-up application;
storing the media file in the trusted security zone, wherein access to the trusted security zone is restricted to the start-up application and to one or more secure applications;
designating the media file as a watermark for the mobile device;
in response to a user accessing any secure application of the one or more secure applications configured to execute in the trusted security zone, presenting, by the mobile device, the watermark, wherein the presentation of the watermark verifies to the user that the secure application is being executed in the trusted security zone of the mobile device, and wherein the same watermark is presented regardless of which secure application of the one or more secure applications is accessed by the user; and
prompting the user for confirmation that the watermark is present and correct before allowing the secure application to access trusted information in the trusted security zone.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein a media file comprises one or more of an image, an audio file, a video, a word, a phrase, or a number.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein inputting a media file comprises one or more of capturing, typing, recording, filming, drawing, or using a keypad.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the watermark is presented by the mobile device throughout the use of the secure application, wherein the watermark is presented by being visible, heard, or otherwise able to be noticed by the user.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the media file comprises a photo captured using a camera of the mobile device.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein the media file comprises a combination of two of the following: an image, an audio file, a video, a shape, a signature, a word, a phrase, or a number.

14. The method of claim 8 wherein the media file comprises an image selected by the user from a group of images provided by the start-up application.

15. A method of verifying that a user is operating a mobile device in a trusted security zone comprising:
executing a secure application of a plurality of secure applications, wherein the secure application is executed in a trusted security zone of a mobile device;
presenting, by the mobile device, a watermark for the mobile device to a user regardless of which secure application of the plurality of secure applications is accessed by the user, wherein the presence of the watermark provides verification to the user that the secure application is executing in the trusted security zone, and wherein the watermark comprises one or more of an image, an audio file, a video, a word, a phrase, a number, or set of numbers;
prompting, by the mobile device, the user for confirmation that the watermark is present and correct before the secure application is allowed to access trusted information in the trusted security zone; and
in response to the prompting and before the secure application is allowed to access the trusted information in the trusted security zone, receiving, by the mobile device, indication from the user that the watermark is present and correct wherein the watermark remains present in some form for the duration of the execution of the secure application.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein presenting the watermark and receiving indication are performed by a separate secure application.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the separate secure application is a start-up application, wherein the start-up application creates and stores the watermark.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein presenting the watermark comprises:
displaying an image at high resolution for initial verification by the user; displaying the image in an altered fashion throughout the operation of the secure application; and
displaying the image at high resolution at one or more points during the operation of the secure application as requested by the user.

19. The method of claim 15 wherein the watermark comprises a background image present throughout the use of the secure application.

20. The method of claim 15 wherein the watermark comprises a word, phrase, number, or set of numbers visible throughout the use of the secure application.