Full Useful Life (120,000 miles) Exha

Performance of a NOx Adsorber 

Particle Filter Equipped Passeng

Medium-duty Engine in Conjunctio

Low Sulfur Fuel

Matthew Thornton, National Renewable Ener

Marek Tatur, Heather Tyrer, Dean Tomazic, FEV E

Phil Weber and Cynthia Webb, Sw

Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Co

August 25th, 2005

NREL/PR-540-38639Presented at 2005 Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Conference, August 21-2
Disclaimer and Government License

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Outline

• Project Overview• Program goals and objectiv• Hardware overview• Test procedures• Test results• Summary and outlook
APBF-DEC Project

NO

x Adsorber/DPF Adsorber/DPF SCR

SCR

Sw

Cater

C1

No ve

FEV SwRI Ricardo 

1.9L TDI 6.6L Isuzu Duramax 15L Cummins ISX

Audi A4 

Avant

Chevrolet 

Silverado
APBF-DEC Organiza

DOE, EPA, additive companies,automobile manufacturers, enginemanufacturers, energy companies,emission control mfrs., Calif. agencies APBF-D

SteeringCo

Fuels, engines, 

NO

x adsorbers, 

and diesel 

particle filters

Fuels, eng

selectiv

catalyt

reduction 

diesel par

filters

Unregula

ted

emissions

Experimen

tal design

and data a

nal

y

sis

Fuel and lubrica

n

t

pro

visi

o

n

Communications
Project Objectives for L

Adsorber Projects : Examine f

effects on NAC/DPF syste

Approach:

• Demonstrate low emissions potential of d

equipped with advanced fuel, NOx adsorbEGR, double-wall exhaust

− Goal: Tier 2 Bin 5 (0.07 g/mi NOx 0.01 g

• Age systems with Ultra Low S fuel for up 

− Periodic emissions evaluations durin

and after NOx adsorber desulfation)

− Periodic unregulated emissions mea

15-ppm S refinery product

− NOx adsorber desulfation performed 

schedule
Project divided into three Tasks:

• Hardware procurement and operationa

development

• System integration and optimization• Performance and aging evaluation

− Age ECS to 2000-2200 hours wit

− 2,200 hours equal full useful li

120,000 miles

− Emissions evaluation procedures 

100-200 hrs

− Desulfations performed every 150

start then 100 hours (and every 5end for the Passenger Car platfor

Project Outline
Engine Specification

Arrangement: In-Line 4-CylinderDisplacement: 1.9 LRated Power: 100 kW @ 4000 rpmMax. Torque: 330 Nm @ 2000 rpm

Project Hardware Ove

Engine SpeciArrangementDisplacementRated Power: Max. Torque: 

Passenger Car Medium-D
Engine

PreCatalyst Underbody NAC 

ECS-A: DOC + NACECS-B: NACCell Density: 400 cpsiVolume: 1.34 LDiameter: 4.16 inchLength: 6 inchWall Thickness: 4.5 mil

Substrate

Material: Cordierite

Cell Geometry: Square

All ECS: NACCell Density: 350 cpWall Thickness: 5.5 Volume: 2.5 LDiameter: 5.66 inchLength: 6 inch

Passenger Car Project In-LiEmission Control System
Medium-Duty Engine Project 

Leg Emission Control System

NACCell Density: 300 cpsiWall Thickness: 8 milSubstrate Material: CordieriteVolume: 7 L x 2Diameter: 9.5 inchLength: 6 inch

Duramax

NACNAC SFI

SFI

DOC

DOC FrontCell Density: 300 cpsiWall Thickness: 8 milSubstrate Material: Cordierite Volume: 3.5 L x 2Diameter: 9.5 inchLength: 3 inch
Test Procedures

Engine Dynamometer Test Cell:

1 test cycle = 1 gas sample = 30 gas samples

1 set of cycles = 1 PM sample = 10 PM samples

Run 3x 1

2

3

1 PM 

sample

1 PM 

sample

1 PM 

sample

1/3 PM 

sample

CLA4 HLA4 US06 HFET

HLA4 US06 HFET

HLA4 US06 HFET

Run 2x 1

2

3

1 

sa

1/2 PM 

sample

CLA4 H

H

H

P

o

st-De

1 test c

ycle = 

1 set of c

ycles = 1 

Pre-Desulfation Proce

dure
Passenger Car Project Tes

0.000.060.120.180.240.30

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

Age (hours)

NOx (g/mi)

Desulfation Imputed Nox Mean Obs. NOx Mean

Engine 

Change

1300-hour post-desulfrun without the regene

NOx Emission Trend
Passenger Car Project Tes

NOx Adsorber Conversion Ef

0%

20%40%60%80%

100%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

Age (hours)

NOX Conversion

Observed NOx Mean Desulfation Imputed 

Engine 

Change

1300-hour post-desulfurizrun without the regeneratio

79%
Passenger Car Project Tes

NOx Adsorber Deteriorat

Change in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) Between Desulfations

-80%-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10%

0%

10%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 

Age (hours)

NOX Conversion

Difference Difference Trend
Passenger Car Project Tes

Desulfation Effectivene

Increase in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) at Each Desulfation

0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1

Age (hours)

NOX Conversion

Difference (Post-Pre) Difference 
Passenger Car Project Tes

PM Emission Trends

0.0000.0040.0080.0120.0160.020

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

Age (hours)

PM (g/mi)

LA4 Composite(D15) LA4 Composite(BP15)
Medium-Duty Engine Proje

Results

NOx Emission Trend

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

Age (hours)

NO x (g/m i)

Desulfation NOx Mean
Medium-Duty Engine Proje

Results

NOx Adsorber Conversion Ef

80%84%88%92%96%

100%

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

Age (hours)

NOx Conversion

Desulfation NOx Mean Standard-D 15

98.4%
Medium-Duty Engine Proje

Results

NOx Adsorber Deteriorat

Change in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) Between Desulf

-14.0%-12.0%-10.0%

-8.0%-6.0%-4.0%-2.0%

0.0%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 

Age (hours)

NOX Conversion

Difference Difference Trend
Medium-Duty Engine Proje

Results

Desulfation Effectivene

Increase in NOX Conversion (% of Engine Out NOX) at Each Desul

-1.0%

0.0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.0%5.0%6.0%7.0%8.0%9.0%

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 

Age (hours)

NOX Conversion

Difference (Post-Pre) Difference Trend
Medium-Duty Engine Proje

Results

PM Emission Trends

0.0000.0030.0060.0090.0120.015

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

Age (hours)

PM (g/mi)

Desulfation PM Mean
Summary 

• Fresh NOx adsorber system in conjunction with 15

achieve Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx emission levels for both 

• Desulfation strategies are effective in recovering N

performance with some deterioration through 2000 platforms

• Aged and desulfurized NOx adsorber system in co

15ppm sulfur fuel achieved Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx emisspassenger car platform, achieved 85-90% NOx coEngine platform

• DPF in conjunction with 15ppm sulfur fuel can ach

emission levels throughout aging for both platform

• Detailed emissions information (e.g. CO, HC, and 

species) are included in final report
Program Participants 

Automobile:DaimlerChryslerFordGMToyota

Government:CARB/SCAQMDDOEEPA NRELORNL

Emission 

Control:

Argillon ArvinMeritorBentelerClean Diesel Tech.CorningDelphiDonaldson Co.EngelhardJohnson MattheyMECANGKRhodiaRobert Bosch Corp.STT Emtec ABTenneco Automotive3MUmicore

Technology:Battelle

Engines:CaterpillarCummins Detroit DieselEMAInternational Truck 

& Engine

John DeereMack Trucks
Acknowledgement

• Department of Energy, Office of 

FreedomCAR and Vehicle Techn

• ORNL• Battelle• MECA• APBF-DEC Industry partners for 

and in-kind support

• Technical Team members and th

companies for their support and c