The following information was generated from the Hazardous Substances Data Bank 

(HSDB), a database of the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system 

(http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on October 30, 2009. 

Query: The chemical name was identified. The following terms were added from 

ChemIDplus: diethylether ethylenglykolu 

CAS Registry Number: 629-14-1 

NAME: ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER 

HSN: 71 

RN: 629-14-1 

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS: 

HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: 

 /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: B. Ethylene glycol and its mono- and 

 diethers... 1. Central nervous depression... 3. Nausea, vomiting, and 

 sometimes diarrhea. 4. ...Headache. Later abdominal and lumbar pain and 

 costovertebral angle tenderness. 5. Transient polyuria and then oliguria, 

 progressing to anuria. 6. Acute renal failure... 7. Less critical 

 pathological lesions may appear in brain, lungs, liver, meninges and 

 heart. /Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. 

 Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th 

 ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Skin permeation was calculated using 

 the Franz cell method with human skin. A physiological solution was used 

 as the receiving phase. ...A permeation profile was obtained and steady 

 state, lag time and permeation constant flux was calculated for each of 

 the following solvents: ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE), propylene 

 glycol mono-methyl ether (PGMME); propylene glycol mono-methyl ether 

 acetate (PGMMEac); 2-propylene glycol 1-butyl ether (2PG1BE), ethylene 

 glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and 

 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME). All solvents were tested in 

 their pure form and with 70% acetone. For all solvents tested the lag time 

 was < 2 hr, and for the majority of them was about 60 min. Flux at 

 steady state ranged between 0.017 +/- 0.005 and 3.435 +/- 1.897 mg/sq 

 cm/hr and permeation rate was from 0.0192 to 1.02 x 10-3 cm/hr. The 

 presence of acetone in the solution caused a reduction in lag time and an 

 increase in permeation rate, higher for EGMEE, lower for EGDEE, indicating 

 the enhancing effect of this mixture of solvents. ... [Larese Filon F et 

 al; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72 (7): 480-4 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 <a 

 

href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=

Abstract&list_uids=10541914" 

 target=new>PubMed Abstract 

 /EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) including diglyme are 

 used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Epidemiological studies of 

 semiconductor populations evaluated potential adverse reproductive 

 outcomes. ... In each of these studies, workers were exposed to mixtures 

 including diglyme but not to diglyme alone. ... Exposure to EGEs was 

 determined using questionnaires from subjects about the work performed and 

 an assessment of the work environment by industrial hygienists, but no 
 measurements of personal or area exposures were made. Workers in the 

 fabrication area were considered exposed to EGEs. For the retrospective 

 study, information on pregnancy outcomes and potential confounders (age, 

 smoking, ethnicity, education, income, year of pregnancy, and stress) was 

 obtained through a comprehensive interviewer-administered interview of 

 female employees. The prospective study of early fetal loss and fecundity 

 (probability of conception per menstrual cycle) was conducted in a subset 

 of female employees from five plants. Daily diaries and measurements of 

 daily urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels for 6 months were 

 collected in addition to the comprehensive interview. Of the 891 medically 

 verified pregnancies identified for the retrospective study, 774 (86.9%) 

 were live births, 113 (12.7%) were spontaneous abortions, and 4 (0.4%) 

 were stillbirths. The overall unadjusted relative risk (RR) for 

 spontaneous abortions was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.05) 

 and changed little after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR =1.43; 95% 

 CI = 0.95–2.09). When stratified by work group, the risk of spontaneous 

 abortion was statistically significantly increased for female workers in 

 the photolithography group (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.04–2.55) and in the 

 etching group (RR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.27–3.19). For women working with 

 higher levels of EGE only in masking, the risk for spontaneous abortion 

 was increased 3-fold (RR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.61–5.73). In the prospective 

 study, no statistically significant differences were detected in the 

 overall rate of spontaneous abortions between fabrication and 

 non-fabrication workers or when pregnancy outcomes were examined by work 

 group. However, the ability to conceive was lower among female workers 

 exposed to EGEs (fertility rate [FR] = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.11–1.19). 

 /Ethylene glycol ethers/ [International Programme on Chemical Safety; 

 Concise International Chemical Assessment Document Number 41: Diethylene 

 Glycol Dimethyl Ether (2002). Available from, as of February 20, 2007: 

 http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether vapor is irritating to the eyes and mucous 

 membranes. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology 

 Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 

 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: 

 If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be 

 useful: Complete blood count (CBC). Kidney function tests. [Sittig, M. 

 Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th 

 ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: 

 Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through 

 inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data 

 indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol 

 diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and 

 drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products 

 containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED** 

MINIMUM FATAL DOSE LEVEL: 

 3. 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, 

 between 1 oz & 1 pt (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). /Ethylene 

 glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. 
 Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: 

 Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED** 

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: 

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: 

 

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MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading," 

sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation of 

Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, *** 

GLYCOL ETHERS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. 

LIFE SUPPORT: 

 o This overview assumes that basic life support measures 

 have been instituted. 

CLINICAL EFFECTS: 

 0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 

 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Based on animal comparative data, the glycol ethers may 

 be more acutely toxic than ethylene glycol; however, 

 this model does not account for toxicity of 

 metabolites. Toxicity in humans following ingestions 

 may be dependent on the metabolic products. 

 1) Human overdose experience is limited to extremely 

 large ingestions in adults. Experience with smaller 

 amounts or low concentrations is insufficient to 

 predict whether animal data suggesting significant 

 acute toxicity are relevant to humans. 

 B) CNS depression, renal injury, hyperventilation, 

 hemolysis, and metabolic acidosis have occurred after 

 large ingestions. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for 

 up to 18 hours. 

 0.2.3 VITAL SIGNS 

 0.2.4 HEENT 

 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Eye irritation is generally slight, but may be severe 

 with the propyl ether. 

 0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR 

 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Severe hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmias are 

 rare effects of large ingestions of ethylene glycol 

 butyl ether (EGBE). 

 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY 

 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) ARDS was reported in one case after ingestion of 500 mL 
 of 9.1% ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE). 

 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC 

 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Ataxia, tremor, somnolence, lethargy, headache, 

 dysarthria, blurred vision, coma, and personality 

 changes have been reported after chronic inhalation. 

 B) Coma has been described after ingestion of 30 to 100 mL 

 of pure glycol ethers in adults. 

 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL 

 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Hemorrhagic gastritis was seen in a case of fatal 

 poisoning with methyl ether. 

 0.2.9 HEPATIC 

 0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Fatty degeneration of the liver was noted on autopsy 

 after a poisoning with methyl ether. 

 0.2.10 GENITOURINARY 

 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Renal tubular necrosis with proteinuria has been seen 

 following oral ingestion. Oxalate crystals were seen in 

 the urine in one patient. 

 0.2.11 ACID-BASE 

 0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Metabolic acidosis has been consistently described 

 after large oral ingestions. 

 0.2.12 FLUID-ELECTROLYTE 

 0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia have been noted. 

 0.2.13 HEMATOLOGIC 

 0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 

 A) Hemolytic anemia, non-hemolytic anemia, 

 thrombocytopenia, and DIC have been reported in 

 overdose. 

 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS 

 A) Teratogenic effects have been observed at maternally 

 non-toxic doses for the methyl ether and ethyl ether of 

 ethylene glycol. 

 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 

 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY 

 A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-76-2 (IARC, 

 2004): 

 1) IARC Classification 

 a) Listed as: 2-Butoxyethanol 

 b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 

 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not 

 classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. 

 This category is used most commonly for agents, 

 mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the 

 evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans 

 and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. 

 Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the 

 evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans 

 but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed 

 in this category when there is strong evidence that 

 the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental 

 animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures 

 and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any 
 other group are also placed in this category. 

 B) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-86-4 (IARC, 

 2004): 

 1) Not Listed 

 C) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS110-80-5 (IARC, 

 2004): 

 1) Not Listed 

 D) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-59-1 (IARC, 

 2004): 

 1) Not Listed 

 0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY 

 A) Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and the aldehyde 

 metabolite of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 

 (methoxyacetaldehyde) displayed mutagenic potency in the 

 Salmonella typhimurium assay. In contrast, EGME, EGEE, 

 EALD, BALD and the acid metabolites gave negative 

 responses with all strains of Salmonella typhimurium 

 used in the assay (Hoflack et al, 1995). 

LABORATORY: 

 A) Blood ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol levels may 

 be useful in assessing concurrent ingestions, but are not 

 useful in assessing glycol ether toxicity. 

TREATMENT OVERVIEW: 

 0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE 

 A) Emesis is contraindicated due to rapid GI absorption and 

 potential for rapid progression to coma. 

 B) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a 

 potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can 

 be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 

 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and 

 left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal 

 intubation. Control any seizures first. 

 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes 

 or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated 

 patients; following ingestion of corrosives; 

 hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at 

 risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and 

 trivial or non-toxic ingestion. 

 C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 

 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in 

 adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 

 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. 

 D) Correct severe acidosis (pH < 7.1) with IV NaHCO3. 1 to 

 2 mEq/kg is a useful starting dose. Monitor ABGs. 

 E) Ethanol (ETOH) may inhibit the formation of toxic 

 metabolites, but there are no controlled human studies 

 documenting efficacy. 

 1) LOADING DOSE - Administer 7.6 to 10 mL/kg of 10% ETOH 

 in D5W IV over 30 minutes. 

 2) MAINTENANCE DOSE - Administer 1.39 mL/kg/hr of 10% ETOH 

 in D5W by IV infusion. Aim at achieving and maintaining 

 100 to 130 mg/dL blood ethanol levels. 

 3) PRECAUTION - Monitor blood glucose and ETOH levels. 

 F) HEMODIALYSIS - Consider hemodialysis in patients with 

 severe toxicity. Maintenance ETOH dose must be modified 

 during dialysis. INDICATIONS: a) severe acid-base and/or 

 fluid-electrolyte abnormalities despite conventional 
 therapy; or b) renal failure. 

 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE 

 A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for 

 respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing 

 develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, 

 bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist 

 ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled 

 beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 

 0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE 

 A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious 

 amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 

 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or 

 photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a 

 health care facility. 

 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE 

 A) OVERVIEW 

 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash 

 exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A 

 physician may need to examine the area if irritation or 

 pain persists. 

RANGE OF TOXICITY: 

 A) Adults have developed severe toxicity after ingestion of 

 30 to 100 mL, and death after 240 mL (methoxyethanol). 

ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT: 

 Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or 

 nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs 

 of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. 

 Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for 

 pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat 

 if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For 

 eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye 

 continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use 

 emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of 

 water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, 

 and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, 

 glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, 

 A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, 

 Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 262-3] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for 

 airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary 

 edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure 

 ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. 

 Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm 

 and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W 

 /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated 

 Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with 

 signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors 

 if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of 

 fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use 

 proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene 

 glycol, glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., 

 Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 

 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 263] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: 
NON-HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: 

 /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A cat that recieved four 1-mL/kg 

 doses exhibited signs of toxicity after each dose and died after the 

 fourth dose. Necropsy revealed no abnormal findings. [Bingham, E.; 

 Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John 

 Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Inhalation of 10,000 ppm for 1 hr 

 caused irritation in the mucous membranes and a suggestion of ... /SRP: 

 central nervous system depression/. Cats were more sensitive than were 

 rabbits, /or/ guinea pigs ... but all survived the exposure. ... 12 daily 

 8-hr exposures of mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and cats to 500 ppm resulted 

 in the death of 1 of 2 rabbits and the 2 cats but no evident injury to the 

 mice and guinea pigs. Microscopic examination of the tissues of both cats 

 showed definite symptoms of kidney injury and in one of them, a serious 

 purulent inflammation of the trachea, which may well have been of 

 infectious etiology. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's 

 Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 

 (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Two dogs /were given/ 9.5 mL/day 

 subcutaneously for 7 days and ... an increase in the oxalic acid content 

 of the urine /was not observed/. This treatment reportedly caused no 

 noticeable effects in the animals. However, necropsy revealed injury to 

 the vasculature, liver, brain, testes, and particularly the kidneys. 

 [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 

 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 /OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Guinea pigs survived seven subcutaneous 

 injections of 0.5 mL/kg even though they suffered serious weight loss. 

 Death resulted after seven 1-mL/kg injections. After four injections, the 

 animals showed signs of transient narcosis; prostration was apparent just 

 before death. Necropsy revealed kidney injury characterized by 

 parenchymatous and interstitial nephritis. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; 

 Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & 

 Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ 

 Timed-pregnant CD-1 outbred Albino Swiss mice and New Zealand White 

 rabbits were dosed by gavage with ethylene glycol diethyl ether in 

 distilled water during major organogenesis. Mice were dosed on Gestational 

 Days 6 through 15 (0, 50, 150, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day) and rabbits on 

 gestation days 6 through 19 (0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day). Maternal 

 clinical status was monitored daily during treatment. At termination 

 (gestation days 17, mice; gestation days 30, rabbits), confirmed-pregnant 

 females (22-24 per group, mice; 26-32 per group, rabbits) were evaluated 

 for clinical status and gestational outcome; each live fetus was examined 

 for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. In mice, no maternal 

 mortality was observed, but maternal body weight gain during gestation and 

 treatment, and at termination was reduced at 1000 mg/kg/day. The reduction 

 of maternal body weight gain during gestation was secondary to 

 embryo/fetal toxicity, ie, reduced gravid uterine weight as a consequence 

 of decreased litter size and fetal weight. The no-observed adverse effect 

 level for developmental toxicity was 50 mg/kg/day. At greater than or 

 equal to 150 mg/kg/day the number of litters of mice with malformed 
 fetuses was increased. At greater than or equal to 500 mg/kg/day fetal 

 body weight was reduced, and malformation incidence was significantly 

 increased. Exencephaly and fused ribs were observed most often. In 

 rabbits, maternal body weight was unaffected by treatment even though 6% 

 maternal mortality was observed at 100 mg/kg/day. The developmental 

 no-observed adverse effect level was 25 mg/kg/day. Malformations were 

 increased at greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg/day; short tail, small 

 spleen, fused sternebrae, and fused rib cartilage were observed most 

 often. In summary, oral administration of ethylene glycol diethyl ether to 

 mice and rabbits during organogenesis produced profound adverse 

 developmental effects even in the absence of significant maternal 

 toxicity. Developmental effects in rabbits were more varied. [George JD et 

 al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 19 (1): 15-25 (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ While possessing the potential toxicity... of 

 other glycol derivatives, especially with chronic exposure, it appears to 

 be actually less toxic than monoethyl, monobutyl and monomethyl ethers by 

 oral dosage to animals... [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of 

 Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM STUDIES: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDE)... was evaluated for toxic and 

 teratogenic effects In timed-pregnant CD-1 mice. Animals were exposed to 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether in water, by gavage on gestational days (gd) 

 6 through 15 and sacrificed on gestational days 17. Prior to initiation of 

 the teratology study, a preliminary study was conducted in order to 

 establish appropriate doses for use in the teratology study. Based on the 

 results of the preliminary study, doses of 0, 50, 150, 500, and 1000 

 mg/kg/day ethylene glycol diethyl ether were administered in the 

 teratology study. The teratology study was conducted using a two-replicate 

 design, with 12-14 animals assigned to each dose group in each replicate. 

 Females were weighed and observed during daily treatment for clinical 

 signs of toxicity. On gestational days 17, the gravid uterus of each dam 

 was weighed, and the number and status of uterine implantation sites were 

 recorded. ...A total of 22-24 dams (i.e., confirmed-pregnant females) per 

 treatment group were evaluated in the study, with the following results: 

 1. A no effect level for maternal toxicity was observed at 500 mg/kg/day. 

 Significant maternal toxicity in the form of reduced body weight and body 

 weight gain was observed at 1000 mg/kg/day. This effect appeared to be 

 secondary to embryo fetal toxicity at the 1000 mg/kg/day dose level. 2. A 

 no effect level for developmental toxicity was observed at 50 mg/kg/day. A 

 significant increase in the percent litters with one or more malformed 

 fetuses was observed at 150 mg/kg/day, whereas a significant increase in 

 other measures of developmental toxicity was observed at doses of 500 

 mg/kg/day and above. 3. At 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, a dose-related increase 

 in the incidence of craniofacial malformations, similar to those seen 

 after exposure of experimental animals to other glycol ethers, was 

 observed. In conclusion, ethylene glycol diethyl ether administered to 

 pregnant CD-1 mice during the period of major organogenesis marginally 

 increased malformation incidence at 150 mg/kg/day and produced other signs 

 of significant developmental toxicity in the absence of significant 

 maternal toxicity at doses of 500 mg/kg/day and above. Significantly 

 reduced prenatal viability and fetal body weight and a significant 

 increase in teratogenicity was observed at 1000 mg/kg/day in the presence 

 of significant maternal toxicity that was secondary to reduced gravid 

 uterine weight. Thus, it appears that exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl 
 ether may selectively affect the developing organism. [Department of 

 Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health 

 Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (CAS 

 No. 629-14-1) Administered to CD-1 Mice on Gestational Days 6 Through 15, 

 NTP Study No. TER87074 (August 25, 1987 ) Available from, as of August 16, 

 2002: 

 http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-

88B4D7EAC975BD44 

 ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDE)... was evaluated for toxic and 

 teratogenic effects in timed-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits. Animals 

 were exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether in water, by gavage on 

 gestational days (gd) 6 through 19 and sacrificed on gestational days 30. 

 Prior to initiation of the teratology study, a preliminary study was 

 conducted in order to establish appropriate doses for use in the 

 teratology study. Based on the results of the preliminary study, doses of 

 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day ethylene glycol diethyl ether were 

 administered in the teratology study. The teratology study was conducted 

 using a three replicate design, with 12-14 animals assigned to each dose 

 group in each replicate. A total of 26-32 does (i.e., confirmed-pregnant 

 females) per treatment group were evaluated in the study, with the 

 following results: 1. A no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal 

 toxicity was 100 mg/kg/day based on gestational and corrected maternal 

 body and liver weight. 2. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether had a minimal 

 effect on maternal weight gain during treatment (gestational days 6-19 and 

 gravid uterine weight at 100 mg/kg/day that appeared to be secondary to an 

 increased incidence of resorptions. 3. A no effect level for developmental 

 toxicity was observed at 25 mg/kg/day. 4. A significant increase in the 

 percent of litters with one or more malformed fetuses (all malformations 

 combined) was observed at 50 mg/kg/day. A significant increase in the 

 percent resorptions per litter, the percent malformed fetuses per litter 

 (all malformations combined), and in the number of litters with one or 

 more fetuses with external, visceral, or skeletal malformations occurred 

 at 100 mg/kg/day. In conclusion, exposure of timed-pregnant New Zealand 

 White rabbits to ethylene glycol diethyl ether during gestation resulted 

 in clearcut evidence of developmental toxicity at doses of 50 mg/kg/day 

 and above, in the absence of clearcut maternal toxicity. [Department of 

 Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health 

 Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (CAS 

 No. 629-14-1) Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational 

 Days 6 Through 19, NTP Study No. TER90075 (October 16, 1987) Available 

 from, as of August 16, 2002: 

 http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-

88B4D7EAC975BD44 

 ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

NON-HUMAN TOXICITY VALUES: 

 LD50 Rat oral 4.39 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's 

 Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 

 (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 LD50 Guinea pig oral 2.44 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; 

 Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 

 N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 LD50 Rabbit oral 2.52 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; 
 Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 

 N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 LD50 Rabbit dermal 8.0 mL/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; 

 Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 

 N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 177] **PEER REVIEWED** 

TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS: 

 An oral teratogenicity was conducted with 50 pregnant Charles River (CD-1) 

 mice administered ethylene glycol diethyl ether (1,2-diethoxyethane) by 

 oral gavage at a dose level of 2955 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 7 

 to 14. The dose level chosen was the LD10 calculated from a previous range 

 finding study. Mortality was observed in 5 mice (10%). Fetal toxicity was 

 evident by statistical differences in number of viable litters (Fishers 

 Exact Method). The number of live pups per litter, number of dead pups per 

 litter, pup survival, pup birth weight, and pup weight over days 1 to 3 

 postpartum were not tested significantly due to small sample size. Gross 

 necropsy observations were not reported.[Chemical Manufactures 

 Association, NIOSH; Toxicity Studies with Glycol Monobutyl Ether (and 

 other ethers) with cover letter dated 053084, (1984), EPA Document No. 

 40-8478008, Fiche No. OTS0215376] **UNREVIEWED** 

 A perinatal/postnatal teratology study was conducted with 50 pregnant 

 Specific Pathogen Free CD-1 albino mice administered ethylene glycol 

 diethyl ether (1,2-diethoxyethane) by oral gavage at a dose level of 2955 

 mg/kg/day (selected in a previous study in which the maximum tolerated 

 dose was determined to be 2365 mg/kg/day) on gestation days (GD) 7-14. 

 Mortality was observed in 4 rats, 2 of which were attributed to dosing. 

 Clinical signs observed in dams included prostration, lethargy, circling 

 behavior, rapid or labored breathing, loss of righting reflex, and cold to 

 the touch. The mean maternal body weights (GD 18 and terminal) and the 

 mean weight changes were significantly lower than control values. A slight 

 delay in time to delivery was observed. The number of viable litters (4), 

 number of dead litters (8) and delivery index (11%) were much lower than 

 control values. Examination of mice that had not produced litters (33) 

 showed corpora lutea in 1 animal and reabsorption sites in 23 animals. A 

 difference from controls was observed in mean live and mean pup counts at 

 days 1-3, offspring viablity, pup weight gains, and mean number of dead 

 pups. Statistical analyses could not be conducted due to the small number 

 of dams producing litters. Gross necropsy observations were not 

 reported.[Borriston Laboratories, Inc.; Screening of Priority Chemicals 

 for Reproductive Hazards (Final Report), (1983), EPA Document No. 

 40-8378053, Fiche No. OTS0512409] **UNREVIEWED** 

 Reproductive toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 pregnant Charles River 

 CD female mice receiving an oral gavage dose of ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether at 10 ml/kg body weight on gestation days 7 through 14. Maternal 

 mortality, clinical observations and gross necropsy were not reported. 

 There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of live pups 

 per litter.[Department of Health & Human Services; Results of Testing 

 Fifteen Glycol Ethers in a Short-Term In Vivo Reproductive Toxicity Assay 

 With Attachmnets, EPA Doc. 40-8385037, Fiche No. OTS0521552] 

 **UNREVIEWED** 

METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS: 

PHARMACOLOGY: 
MINIMUM FATAL DOSE LEVEL: 

 3. 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, 

 between 1 oz & 1 pt (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). /Ethylene 

 glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. 

 Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: 

 Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE: 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SUMMARY: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for ester 

 gum, shellac, some resins and oils, in organic synthesis, as a solvent and 

 diluent for detergents may result in its release to the environment 

 through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 

 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates ethylene glycol diethyl ether will exist 

 solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with 

 photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this 

 reaction in air is estimated to be 6.6 hours. If released to soil, 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon 

 an estimated Koc of 54. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is 

 expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's 

 Law constant of 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether may 

 volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 

 Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in both soil and 

 water based on BOD studies conducted using sewage seed and river water 

 microorganisms. If released into water, ethylene glycol diethyl ether is 

 not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the 

 estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an 

 important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law 

 constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model 

 lake are 18 hours and 8.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 

 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 

 Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through 

 inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data 

 indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol 

 diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and 

 drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products 

 containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED** 

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: 

 Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through 

 inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data 

 indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol 

 diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and 

 drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products 

 containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED** 

ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION SOURCES: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for ester 

 gum, shellac, some resins and oils(1), in organic synthesis, as a solvent 

 and diluent for detergents(2) may result in its release to the environment 

 through various waste streams(SRC). [(1) Browning E; Toxicity and 

 Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. NY, NY: American Elsevier p 612 (1965) 
 (2) Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. 

 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY p. 465 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: 

 TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc 

 value of 54(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.66(2) and a 

 regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be 

 an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 

 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm 

 Hg(4), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(5). Ethylene glycol diethyl ether 

 is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor 

 pressure(4). Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in 

 soil based on a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g conducted with sewage seed(6). [(1) 

 Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Hansch C et al; Exploring 

 QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. 

 Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (3) 

 Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. 

 Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J 

 Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (5) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai 

 K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (6) Heukelian H, Rand MC; J 

 Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-53 (1955)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value 

 of 54(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.66(2) and a regression-derived 

 equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected 

 to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water 

 surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 

 6.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm 

 Hg(4), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law 

 constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a 

 model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.9 days, respectively(SRC). 

 According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from 

 its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the 

 potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 

 Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in water based 

 on a theoretical BOD of 70% after 8 days following a 35-day acclimation 

 period using river water microorganisms(8). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 

 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, 

 Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. 

 ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; 

 Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer 

 Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org 

 Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (5) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai K; J 

 Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 

 1501-14 (1994) (7) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) 

 (8) Mills EJ Jr, Stack VT Jr; Proceedings of the 9th Industrial Waste 

 Conference 9: 449-64 (1955)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of 

 semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene glycol 

 diethyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is 

 expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction 

 with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for 

 this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.6 hours(SRC), calculated from 
 its rate constant of 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(3). [(1) 

 Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Hine J, Mookerjee 

 PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (3) Porter E et al; J Phys Chem A 101: 

 5770-5 (1997)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL BIODEGRADATION: 

 AEROBIC: In a screening study using a sewage seed, ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether (concentration not specified) had a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g at 20 deg 

 C(2). Successful acclimation of microorganisms from the Kanawana River to 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether was obtained in approximately 35 days with a 

 theoretical BOD of 70% after 8 days(3). [(1) Heukelian H, Rand MC; J Water 

 Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-53 (1955) (2) Mills EJ Jr, Stack VT Jr; 

 Proceedings of the 9th Industrial Waste Conference 9: 449-64 (1955)] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL ABIOTIC DEGRADATION: 

 The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 

 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(1). This corresponds to an 

 atmospheric half-life of about 6.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration 

 of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). [(1) Porter E et al; J Phys Chem 

 A 101: 5770-5 (1997) (2) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 

 (1993)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCONCENTRATION: 

 An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.66(1) and a regression-derived 

 equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests 

 the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). [(1) 

 Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric 

 Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: 

 Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 

 664-72 (1999) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY: 

 The Koc of ethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 54(SRC), using a 

 log Kow of 0.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a 

 classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene 

 glycol diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil. [(1) 

 Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric 

 Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: 

 Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical 

 Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) 

 (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL: 

 The Henry's Law constant for ethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 

 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm 

 Hg(1), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant 

 indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to volatilize 

 from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the 

 volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, 

 wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 18 hours(SRC). The 

 volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, 

 wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8.9 days(SRC). Ethylene 

 glycol diethyl ether's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that 
 volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for 

 volatilization of ethylene clycol diethyl ether from dry soil surfaces may 

 exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1). [(1) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J 

 Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (2) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai 

 K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook 

 of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 

 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL WATER CONCENTRATIONS: 

 DRINKING WATER: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively 

 identified in drinking water(1). [(1) Kool HJ et al; Crit Rev Env Control 

 12: 307-57 (1982)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether has been detected in western Cleveland, Ohio 

 wastewater influents at 140 ug/L(1). Ethylene glycol diethyl ether was 

 identified in Chicago Central water works water (treated and untreated) at 

 2 ug/L(2). [(1) Monteith H; in Fluctuations of Trace Contaminants in 

 Sewage Treatment Plants; Monograph Series 1, Adv Water Pollut Res Technol; 

 Canadian Assoc Water Pollut Res Control: Burlington, Ontario, 173 pp. 

 (1987) (2) Konasewich D et al; Status Report on Organic and Heavy Metal 

 Contaminants in the Lakes Erie, Michigan, Huron, and Superior Basins. 

 Great Lake Water Qual Board (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS: 

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 

MOLECULAR FORMULA: 

 C6-H14-O2 [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th 

 Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 

 118.18 [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic 

 Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 

 2626] **PEER REVIEWED** 

COLOR/FORM: 

 Colorless liquid [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 

 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

ODOR: 

 Sweetish odor [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial 

 Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Slight odor [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th 

 Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

TASTE: 

 Bitter [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New 

 York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED** 

BOILING POINT: 
 121.4 deg C [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th 

 Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

MELTING POINT: 

 -74 deg C [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 

 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 

 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED** 

DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 

 0.8484 g/cu m at 20 deg C [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of 

 Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton 

 ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED** 

HEAT OF COMBUSTION: 

 -15,000 Btu/lb = 8,100 cal/g = -340X10+5 J/kg (est) [U.S. Coast Guard, 

 Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. 

 Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: 

 36.28 kJ/mol at 119.4 deg C; 43.20 kJ/mol at 25 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). 

 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 75th ed. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press 

 Inc., 1994-1995., p. 6-119] **PEER REVIEWED** 

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: 

 log Kow = 0.66 [Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - 

 Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American 

 Chemical Society., 1995., p. 25] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SOLUBILITIES: 

 SOLUBILITY IN WATER 2%; SOL IN OILS [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism 

 of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, ethanol [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. 

 Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC 

 Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 In water, 8.37X10+4 mg/L at 25 deg C [Kawai K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 

 153-160 (1988)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES: 

 Index of refraction: 1.3860 at 20 deg C/D [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of 

 Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & 

 Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 IR: 8803 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) [Lide, D.R., 

 G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd 

 ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 MASS: 34458 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral database, 1990 version) [Lide, 

 D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume 

 I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 Raman: 22-1074 (Analytical Chemistry) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). 
 Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. 

 Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED** 

SURFACE TENSION: 

 (est) 26 dynes/cm= 0.026 N/m @ 20 Deg C [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of 

 Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, 

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

VAPOR DENSITY: 

 4.07 (Air = 1) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. 

 Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

VAPOR PRESSURE: 

 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C [Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975)] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 

 Bulk density: 7 lb/gal at 20 deg C [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed 

 Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 

 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 % in saturated air at 25 deg C: 1.64; 1 ppm equiv to 4.83 mg/cu m, 1 mg/L 

 equiv to 207 ppm at 25 deg C, 760 mm Hg [Boatman RJ, Knaak JB; Patty's 

 Toxicology. (2005) NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ethers of Ethylene 

 Glycol and Derivatives. On-line posting date: Apr 16, 2001.] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 Liquid molar volume = 0.140833 cu m/kmol. Ideal gas heat of formation = 

 -4.0820X10+8 J/kmol [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and 

 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, 

 D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Henry's Law constant = 6.32X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 deg C (est) [SRC; The 

 Physical Properties Database (PHYSPROP). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Res Corp. 

 Available from, as of Dec 15, 2006: http://www.syrres.com/esc/physprop.htm 

 ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 

 deg C [Porter E et al; J Phys Chem A 101: 5770-5 (1997)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 

CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING: 

DOT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES: 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: 

 HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors 

 may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of 

 ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will 

 spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, 

 basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. 

 Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when 

 heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion 

 hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than 

 water. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response 

 Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a 

 Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 
 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation 

 or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may 

 produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause 

 dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. 

 [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A 

 Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous 

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL 

 Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary 

 measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in 

 all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of 

 low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. [U.S. Department of 

 Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First 

 Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous 

 Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: 

 Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). 

 Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited 

 protection. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response 

 Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a 

 Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Evacuation: Large 

 spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 

 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, 

 ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider 

 initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. [U.S. 

 Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide 

 book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous 

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire: CAUTION: All 

 these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when 

 fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water 

 spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or 

 alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight 

 streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. 

 Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum 

 distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers 

 with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw 

 immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or 

 discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For 

 massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is 

 impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. [U.S. Department of 

 Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First 

 Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous 

 Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Spill or Leak: 

 ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in 

 immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be 
 grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you 

 can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or 

 confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. 

 Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and 

 transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed 

 material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. 

 Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed 

 spaces. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response 

 Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a 

 Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ First Aid: Move 

 victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give 

 artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if 

 breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and 

 shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes 

 with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. 

 In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible 

 with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adherencing to skin. Keep 

 victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the 

 material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. [U.S. 

 Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide 

 book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous 

 Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: 

 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether vapor is irritating to the eyes and mucous 

 membranes. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology 

 Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 

 176] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FIRE POTENTIAL: 

 Flammable, moderate fire risk. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed 

 Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 

 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 A VERY DANGEROUS HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT WITH 

 OXIDIZING MATERIALS. [Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of 

 Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, 

 Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1665] **PEER REVIEWED** 

NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: 

 Health: 2. 2= Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic) 

 exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual 

 injury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective 

 equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are 

 hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if personnel are 

 provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus that 

 provides complete eye protection. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous 

 Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., 

 p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Flammability: 3. 3= This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable liquids 

 and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal 

 temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or 
 extinguishing fires in such materials. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous 

 Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., 

 p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Reactivity: 0. 0= This degree includes materials that are normally stable, 

 even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. 

 Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. [Fire Protection Guide to 

 Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection 

 Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FLASH POINT: 

 95 DEG F (35 DEG C) (OPEN CUP) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous 

 Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., 

 p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED** 

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 

 406 DEG F (208 DEG C) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 

 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: 

 If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless 

 flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities 

 as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected 

 containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a 

 distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. 

 [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency 

 Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of 

 American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED** 

HAZARDOUS REACTIVITIES & INCOMPATIBILITIES: 

 Forms explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and 

 explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Able to form 

 peroxides. Also incompatible with strong acids, aluminum and its alloys. 

 [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 

 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Glycol ethers, glycols, ketones, and alcohols undergo violent 

 decomposition in contact with 68-72% perchloric acid [Fire Protection 

 Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection 

 Association, 2002., p. 491-142] **PEER REVIEWED** 

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & CLOTHING: 

 Protective goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. [U.S. Coast Guard, 

 Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. 

 Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 Glove manufacturers have recommended gloves of neoprene or nitrile butyl 

 rubber construction for protection against liquid ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and 

 Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 

 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Where the potential exists for exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether, 

 use a ...NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece 
 operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or 

 helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a ...NIOSH approved 

 self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in 

 pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. [Sittig, M. Handbook of 

 Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H 

 Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, 

 boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing 

 apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. [Association of 

 American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous 

 Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, 

 Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED** 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES: 

 If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and 

 other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and 

 sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water to spray to 

 knock-down vapors. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of 

 Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface 

 Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 

 403] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily 

 contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless 

 wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material 

 which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap 

 and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate 

 chemical protective clothing. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau 

 of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface 

 Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 

 403] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry 

 is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact 

 lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including 

 the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, 

 the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. 

 However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive 

 properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to 

 the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In 

 any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when 

 contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED** 

SHIPMENT METHODS AND REGULATIONS: 

 No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for 

 transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance 

 ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, 

 marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized 

 by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./ [49 CFR 

 171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code 

 of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 15, 2006: 

 http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods 

 Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to 

 IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier 
 regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting 

 hazardous materials. [International Air Transport Association. Dangerous 

 Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 188] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles 

 for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for 

 individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice 

 are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index 

 of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be 

 consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used 

 when shipping any substance or article. [International Maritime 

 Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK. 

 2004., p. 48] **PEER REVIEWED** 

STORAGE CONDITIONS: 

 Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper 

 handling and storage. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether must be stored to 

 avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine and 

 fluorine) and strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric) 

 since violent reactions occur. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and 

 open flames, are prohibited where ethylene glycol diethyl ether is 

 handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 

 gallons or more of ethylene glycol diethyl ether should be grounded and 

 bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum 

 bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, 

 especially when opening and closing containers of ethylene glycol diethyl 

 ether. Wherever ethylene glycol diethyl ether is used, handled, 

 manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and 

 fittings. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and 

 Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 

 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED** 

CLEANUP METHODS: 

 Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or 

 leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect 

 powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in 

 sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. Keep 

 ethylene glycol diethyl ether out of a confined space, such as a sewer, 

 because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed 

 to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary 

 to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material 

 or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of 

 potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental 

 Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific 

 recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must 

 be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. 

 [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 

 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

DISPOSAL METHODS: 

 SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical 

 product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or 

 environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material 

 for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. 

 Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on 
 air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, 

 aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public 

 health regulations. **PEER REVIEWED** 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS: 

MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION: 

MAJOR USES: 

 INERT REACTION MEDIUM **PEER REVIEWED** 

 SOLVENT FOR ESTER GUM, SHELLAC AND SOME RESINS AND OILS [Browning, E. 

 Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American 

 Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Organic synthesis (reaction medium), solvent and diluent for detergents 

 [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. 

 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Dye solvents in non-grain raising stains [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of 

 Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and 

 Sons, 1978-1984., p. V21 484] **PEER REVIEWED** 

MANUFACTURERS: 

 Ferro Corp., 1000 Lakeside Ave., P.O. Box 14700, Cleveland, OH 44114-7000, 

 (216) 641-6580; Performance and Fine Chemicals Group, Grant Chemical Div., 

 111 West Irene Rd., Zachary, LA 70791, (225) 654-6801; Production site: 

 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 [SRI Consulting. 2006 Directory of Chemical 

 Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, p. 552] **PEER REVIEWED** 

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING: 

 REACTION OF AN ALKALI METAL ALCOHOLATE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER 

 WITH AN ETHYL HALIDE **PEER REVIEWED** 

 1. AS BY-PRODUCT IN REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE WITH A MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL. 

 2. BY REACTING DIALKYL SULFATE WITH ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER. 

 [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: 

 American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 /Glycol ethers/ are produced by reacting ethylene oxide with alcohols in 

 the presence of either an acid or base catalyst. Temperature, pressure, 

 mole ratios of reactants and catalysts are chosen to yield the desired 

 product. High ratios of alcohol to ethylene oxide are used when ethers 

 of ethylene glycol are desired [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Glycol Ethers, 1983] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Ethylene glycol monoethers are usually produced by reaction of ethylene 

 oxide with the appropriate alcohol. A mixture of homologues is obtained 

 ... The glycol monoethers can be converted to diethers by alkylation with 

 common alkylating agents, such as dimethyl sulfate or alkyl halides ( 

 Williamson synthesis). Glycol dimethyl ethers are formed by treatment of 

 dimethyl ether with ethylene oxide. /Glycol ethers/ [Ullmann's 

 Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of 

 Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V12 601 

 (2003)] **PEER REVIEWED** 

GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION: 
 Ethylene glycol derivatives, mainly the ethers and esters, are frequently 

 employed as reaction media, as absorption fluids, and as solvents for 

 dyes, lacquers, and various cellulose products (cellulose esters, ethers, 

 and nitrocellulose). [Rebsdat S; Mayer D; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of 

 Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 

 Ethylene Glyocol. Online Posting Date: Jun 15, 2000.] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: 

 Aprotic solvent packed under Nitrogen typically 98.5% pure, with 5 ppm 

 peroxide and 300 ppm water /Ferro Corp, Grant Chemical Div/ [Kuney, J.H., 

 J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American Chemical 

 Society, 1994., p. 78] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Ansul E-22 /Specialty Chem Products Corp/ [CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1986 p.80] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Grade: Technical. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 

 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

U. S. PRODUCTION: 

 (1972) PROBABLY LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED** 

 (1975) PROBABLY LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED** 

 (2006) 1,612 million lb annual capacity /Glycol ethers/ [SRI Consulting. 

 2006 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, 

 p. 657] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 

 Inventory Update Rule. Year Production Range (pounds) 1986 No Reports 1990 

 10 thousand - 500 thousand 1994 No Reports 1998 No Reports 2002 No Reports 

 [US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by 

 Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). 

 Ethane, 1,2-diethoxy- (629-14-1). Available from, as of March 6, 2007: 

 http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.htm ] **PEER REVIEWED** 

U. S. EXPORTS: 

 (1983) 5.90X10+11 g /Ethylene glycol ethers/ [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: 

 Glycol Ethers, 1983] **PEER REVIEWED** 

LABORATORY METHODS: 

ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS: 

 A monitoring method based on solvent extraction of adsorbed target glymes 

 followed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry GC -MS analysis was 

 developed for ... ethylene glycol diethyl ether. The best recoveries of 

 target glymes were achieved when using a combination of sample collection 

 medium of graphitised carbon black (GCB) with a solvent mixture of 

 methylene chloride and methanol (95/5, v/v). Method detection /limit was/ 

 ... 13.2 microg/cu m for ethylene glycol diethyl ether ... . Using this 

 method ... diethylene glycol diethyl ether /was/ ... detected and measured 

 successfully in diluted vehicle exhausts in diesel fuel engine tests. [Cao 

 XL, Zhu J; Chemosphere 45(6-7): 911-7 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a 

 

href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=

Abstract&list_uids=11695613" 
 target=new>PubMed Abstract 

SPECIAL REFERENCES: 

SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS: 

SYNONYMS: 

 1,2-DIETHOXYETHANE [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's 

 Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 

 (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 DIETHYLCELLOSOLVE [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on 

 Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, 

 NY. 2001, p. 1109] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ETHANE, 1,2-DIETHOXY- [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's 

 Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 

 (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 1,2-ETHANEDIOL, DIETHYL ETHER [Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry 

 and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. 

 C-294] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 2-ETHOXYETHYL ETHYL ETHER **PEER REVIEWED** 

 ETHYL GLYME [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health 

 Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational 

 Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). 

 National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 84/8312] **PEER 

 REVIEWED** 

 GLYME-1 [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology 

 Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 

 175] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 EGdiEE [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology 

 Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 

 175] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 3.6-dioxaoctane [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's 

 Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 

 (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED** 

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: 

 Aprotic solvent packed under Nitrogen typically 98.5% pure, with 5 ppm 

 peroxide and 300 ppm water /Ferro Corp, Grant Chemical Div/ [Kuney, J.H., 

 J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American Chemical 

 Society, 1994., p. 78] **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Ansul E-22 /Specialty Chem Products Corp/ [CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1986 p.80] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

 Grade: Technical. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 

 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] 

 **PEER REVIEWED** 

SHIPPING NAME/ NUMBER DOT/UN/NA/IMO: 
 UN 1153; Diethyl cellosolve; ethylene glycol diethyl ether 

 IMO 3.3; Diethyl cellosolve; ethylene glycol diethyl ether 

STANDARD TRANSPORTATION NUMBER: 

 49 131 15; Ethylene glycol diethyl ether 

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION: 

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATABANK NUMBER: 71 

LAST REVISION DATE: 20071011 

LAST REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 5/14/2007 

UPDATE HISTORY: 

 Complete Update on 2007-10-11, 52 fields added/edited/deleted 

 Field Update on 2007-02-26, 1 fields added/edited/deleted 

 Complete Update on 03/05/2003, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 10/31/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 02/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 6 fields added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 02/25/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 03/27/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 01/17/1997, 44 fields added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 11/03/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field Update on 11/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 10/11/1994, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field update on 12/10/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field update on 01/28/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field update on 11/09/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 04/13/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted. 

 Complete Update on 04/24/1987 

 Created 19830401 by SYS