Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from 

a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA), 

1999 through 2006 

By J. G. Crock, D. B. Smith, T. J. B. Yager, Z. A. Brown, and M.G. Adams 

Open-File Report 2008–1172 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 

For product and ordering information: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, 

its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

Suggested citation: 

Crock, J.G., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J.B., and Brown, Z.A. and Adams, M.G., 2008, Analytical results for 

municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA), 1999 through 2006: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1172. 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 

ii
Contents 

Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................1 

Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................2 

Methology ............................................................................................................................................................................5 

Discussion and Results .....................................................................................................................................................7 

Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................................................................8 

References Cited ................................................................................................................................................................9 

Figures 

1. Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District) biosolids application farm and study 

area location........................................................................................................................................................................3 

2. Biosolids as typically seen after broadcast application to agricultural land.....................................................4 

3. Biosolids sample, as received, prior to drying in the laboratory.. ........................................................................5 

4. Arsenic concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006........... ....................................................................11 

5. Cadmium concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006 ...............................................................................12 

6. Copper concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006 ...................................................................................13 

7. Mercury concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006.................................................................................14 

8. Molybdenum concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006.........................................................................15 

9. Nickel concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006.....................................................................................16 

10. Lead concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006......................................................................................17 

11. Selenium concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006 .............................................................................18 

12. Zinc concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006.......................................................................................19 

13. Total sulfur concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006..........................................................................20 

iii
iv

Tables 

1. Priority parameters and analytical methods for biosolids samples......................................................................6 

2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999......................................................................................................21 

3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000......................................................................................................26 

4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001......................................................................................................31 

5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002......................................................................................................37 

6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003......................................................................................................44 

7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004......................................................................................................50 

8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005......................................................................................................55 

9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006......................................................................................................60 

10. Gross alpha and beta and plutonium isotopes analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006...65 
Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples 

from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado 

(USA), 1999 through 2006 

By J. G. Crock, D. B. Smith, T. J. B. Yager, Z. A. Brown, and M.G. Adams 

Abstract 

Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large 

wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 

52,000 acres of non-irrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado. In cooperation 

with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring ground 

water at part of this site (Yager and Arnold, 2003). In 1999, the USGS began a more 

comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the 

potential chemical effects of biosolids applications. This more comprehensive monitoring program 

has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive 

study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and 

bedrock ground water, and stream bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so 

samples of stream bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. 

This report will present only analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro 

District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed during 1999 through 2006. More 

information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature (e.g., 

Yager and others, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2004d). Priority parameters for biosolids identified by the 

stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include 

the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, 

molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity. 

Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for ground water and sediment components. 

In general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether 

concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing 

with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area 

where biosolids were not applied. 

Analytical results indicate that the elemental composition of the biosolids from the Denver 

plant was consistent during 1999-2006, and total concentrations of regulated trace elements were 

consistently lower than the regulatory limits. Plutonium isotopes were not detected in any of the 

biosolids samples for the entire sampling period. Analytical results for gross and were highly 

imprecise and erratic. As a result of the cancelation of regulation requiring their monitoring in 

biosolids, the determination of both was discontinued mid-study. 

1
Data from this study were used to compile an inorganic-chemical biosolids signature that 

can be contrasted with the geochemical signature for this site. The biosolids signature and an 

understanding of the geology and hydrology of the site can be used to separate biosolids effects 

from natural geochemical effects. Elements of particular interest for a biosolids signature include 

bismuth, copper, silver, mercury, and phosphorus. 

Introduction 

Since 1993, the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District) has 

been applying biosolids from the Denver metropolitan area to their property near Deer Trail, 

Colorado, (fig.1), as an agricultural soil amendment. The biosolids are applied to non-irrigated 

farmland according to agronomic loading rates. More information about the sewage-treatment 

process that results in the Metro District biosolids can be found at 

http://www.metrowastewater.com. The biosolids-application areas, dates of application, and 

application rates provided by the Metro District for their properties near Deer Trail for 1999 

through 2003 are detailed in Stevens and others (2003), and Yager and others (2004a, 2004b, 

2004c). As more information becomes available, it will be posted at the USGS project web page at 

http://co.water.usgs.gov/projects/CO406/CO406.html. 

In 1999, the Metro District property, known as the METROGRO Farm, encompassed about 

81 mi2

 (52,000 acres) of farmland in Arapahoe and Elbert Counties, Colorado. The Metro District 

property and surrounding private property are herein referred to as “the study area.”

2
Figure 1. Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District) biosolids application 

farm and study area location. 

3
Soils in the study area generally are sandy or loamy on flood plains and stream terraces, 

clayey to loamy on gently sloping to rolling uplands, and sandy and shaley on steeper uplands. 

About one-half of the Metro District property is farmed; the remaining is rangeland with some 

pasture. Land use within the rest of the study area during 1993 through 2006 mostly was rangeland 

or pasture with some cropland. Farmland in the study area was not irrigated. Biosolids were 

applied to the land surface of the Metro District property as an agricultural soil amendment, and the 

primary crop was wheat. Figure 2 shows a typical example of what fresh biosolids look like on the 

landscape after a single broadcast application. 

Figure 2. Biosolids as typically seen after broadcast application to agricultural land. 

Public concern about applications of biosolids to farmland increased after the Metro District 

agreed to accept treated ground water from the Lowry Landfill Superfund site in Denver. The U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Metro District and (in 1999) the North Kiowa 

Bijou Groundwater Management District, studied natural geochemical conditions and the effects of 

biosolids applications to the Metro District properties near Deer Trail, Colorado, during 1999 

through 2006. The study addressed the concerns about biosolids applications and other farmingrelated effects on the environment. The objectives of this USGS study were to: (1) evaluate the 

combined effects of biosolids applications, land use, and natural processes on soil, crops, the 

bedrock aquifer, alluvial aquifers, and stream bed sediments by comparing chemical data to 

regulatory standards, data from a site where biosolids are not applied (a control site), or earlier data 

from the same site (trends); (2) monitor biosolids for trace elements and radioactivity and compare 

trace-element concentrations and radioactivity with regulatory standards; and (3) characterize the 

hydrology of the study area. This report provides the 1999-2006 analytical data for biosolids only. 

4
A complete discussion of findings (up to the end of 2003) for all matrices and the other study area 

objectives is detailed in Yager and others (2004d). 

Methodology 

Biosolids are solid organic matter recovered from a sewage-treatment process that meets 

State and Federal regulatory criteria for beneficial use, such as for a soil amendment. Figure 3 

shows freshly collected biosolids from the Metro plant spread out in a plastic-lined box to dry. 

Biosolids are moist (usually ranging 75 – 85% moisture) and have a firm, pudding-like texture. 

The regulations state that land-applied biosolids must meet or exceed Table 1 Ceiling 

Concentration Limits and Class B pathogen criteria (Grade II, Class B criteria in the Colorado 

regulations until 2003) (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 1998; U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1993). Table 3 and Grade I requirements are stricter than Table 

1 and Grade II requirements. The Metro District applies Table 3 (Grade I) Class B biosolids to 

their properties near Deer Trail. The regulatory references for biosolids can be found at the 

following websites. 

http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/biosolids/index.html 

 http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/biosolids/503pe/index.htm 

http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/biosolids/index.htm#awards

The biosolids-application areas, dates of application, and application rates provided by the 

Metro District for their properties near Deer Trail are detailed in Stevens and others (2003), and 

Yager and others (2004a, 2004b, 2004c). 

Priority parameters identified by stakeholders for biosolids (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, 

mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc; gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity, and 

plutonium isotopes; and later in the study, total sulfur), included the nine trace elements regulated 

by Colorado for biosolids. Consult Table 1 for a complete list of the priority elements determined 

by the various analytical methods. Additional elements were determined by the multi-element 

inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method (Briggs and Meier, 1999; 

Taggart, 2002). 

Figure 3. Biosolids sample, as received, prior to drying in the laboratory. 

5
Table 1. Priority parameters and analytical methods for biosolids samples. 

1

Hydride Generation – Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 

ELEMENT TECHNIQUE REFERENCE 

Arsenic HG-AAS1 Hageman and Welch (1996); Taggart (2002) 

Cadmium ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Copper ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Lead ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Mercury CV-AAS3 O’Leary and others (1996); Taggart (2002) 

Molybdenum ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Nickel ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Selenium HG-AAS1 Hageman and Welch (1996); Taggart (2002) 

Zinc ICP-MS2 Briggs and Meier (1999); Taggart (2002) 

Gross Alpha, Total Radiochemistry Greenberg (1992) 

Gross Beta, Total Radiochemistry Greenberg (1992) 

Plutonium-238, 

239+240, Total 

Radiochemistry Whittaker and Grothaus (1979); Lyon (1980) 

Total Sulfur Combustion, IR 

detection4

Brown and Curry (2002) 

2

Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry 3

Continuous Flow – Cold Vapor – Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4

Automated combustion in oxygen, measured by a solid state infrared detector 

6
From January 1999 through August 2000, biosolids samples were collected quarterly. From 

October 2000 through 2006, biosolids samples were collected monthly. Biosolids samples were 

collected directly from the Metro District facility’s processing line in Denver, rather than from 

individual trucks or fields near Deer Trail, to ensure a more representative sample. Each biosolids 

sample was a 24-hour composite of 12 subsamples collected about every 2 hours by Metro District 

personnel at the Metro District facility. The subsamples were collected from the conveyor belt that 

transfers the biosolids into the transport trucks. The samples were prepared and analyzed at the 

chemical laboratories of the USGS, Geologic Discipline, Denver, Colorado. The biosolids material 

was air dried under forced air and an infrared lamp (surface temperature ~40o

 C) and then ground in 

an agate-lined shatter box to less than 150 μm prior to chemical analysis. Complete details of the 

analytical methods and the quality-assurance protocols used are described by Stevens and others 

(2003), Taggart (2002), and Yager and others (2004a, 2004b, 2004c). For quality control and 

quality assurance control, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard 

reference material (SRM) 2781, domestic sludge, was analyzed with each batch of biosolids 

samples. 

Discussion and Results 

Biosolids exceeding the standards for trace elements could adversely affect the quality of 

soil on which the biosolids are applied and could alter Metro District plans for the application of 

biosolids in Arapahoe and Elbert Counties. The composition of biosolids was monitored to provide 

an independently determined data set against which the Metro District chemical analyses and the 

regulatory standards for biosolids can be compared. The data will also constitute a chemical 

baseline against which any future change in the concentration of constituents analyzed for in this 

study may be recognized, measured, and compared. The data set will also establish a “geochemical 

signature” for biosolids that will potentially enable scientists to recognize when biosolids have 

impacted soils or stream sediments. 

All data for the 1999 – 2006 biosolids samples are presented in tables 2 – 9 on a yearly 

basis. Table 10 lists the plutonium isotopes and the gross and results for the entire time frame. 

The concentration of all nine trace elements remained consistent throughout the study and below 

the Grade 1 biosolids requirements. Reference material NIST SRM 2781 results are also presented 

in tables 2 – 9. The certificate of analysis for NIST SRM 2781 can be found at: 

https://srmors.nist.gov/certificates/2781.pdf?CFID=14170104&CFTOKEN=d06e643b27500f42-

A419A2E6-D5FA-93A1-CD37130CDA7B75FF&jsessionid=b43051d8258c3f293473 or 

https://srmors.nist.gov/certificates/view_cert2gif.cfm?certificate=2781. Figures 4 -13 show the 

temporal variation of the priority parameters and total sulfur. Arsenic (fig. 4) showed the most 

variability with its high and low concentration differing by a factor of 6. The other eight elements 

varied by a factor of 3 or less. All trace-element concentrations were less than the maximum 

allowable concentrations established for Table 3 (Grade I) biosolids. (Note that molybdenum does 

not have a maximum allowable concentration established for Table 3 biosolids. The value used is 

that for Table 1 biosolids.) 

Measurements for plutonium isotopes and gross a and b exhibit a relatively high uncertainty 

as shown by the “error bars” or “+/- standard deviation/range” associated with each analysis. There 

is no regulatory value established for gross b radioactivity. Until 2003, there was a Colorado 

regulatory limit for gross a radioactivity. However, this regulation was revised, effective June 30, 

7
2003, to delete the previous regulation that generally restricted land application of biosolids that 

exceeded a gross a activity of 40 pCi/g (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 

1998). The samples collected before July 2002 have an average gross a activity of 37 pCi/g, 

whereas the samples collected from July 2002 through 2003 have an average of 18 pCi/g. The 

uncertainty is also different, with the samples collected prior to July 2002 having an average 

uncertainty of +/- 34% while the samples collected from July 2002 through 2003 have an average 

uncertainty of +/- 12%. The samples collected from July 2002 and later were analyzed in a 

different laboratory from the samples collected prior to July 2002 (Yager and others, 2004a, 2004b, 

2004c). The USGS has no basis for determining which laboratory provided the most accurate 

values. A few of the gross a activity values may have exceeded the old regulatory limit of 40 pCi/g, 

but with the uncertainty in the analyses, it is difficult to draw any conclusion from this data set. 

There are no published regulatory values for plutonium isotopes in biosolids. All isotopic 

measurements were below the limit of determination (0.06 pCi/g). The radioactivity data for 

biosolids were reported in previous annual reports (Stevens and others, 2003; Yager and others, 

2004a, 2004b, 2004c) as the uncensored data as received from the laboratory rather than censored 

by either the contract or calculated minimum detectable concentration (MDC). Relative to the 

censored form (data reported as less than the MDC), the uncensored form provides more 

information about the uncertainty, the very small concentrations of plutonium, and the gross alpha 

and gross beta activity. 

In conclusion, chemical data for biosolids samples collected from the Metro District plant 

over an eight-year period (1999–2006) show that all nine of the trace elements for which regulatory 

limits are established maintained relatively uniform concentrations and never exceeded the 

maximum allowable levels for Table 3 (Grade I) biosolids. Measurements of gross a radioactivity 

carry a high degree of uncertainty, but generally are below the now-outdated limit of 40 pCi/g. No 

regulatory limits have been established for plutonium, but all values are below the minimum 

detectable level. 

In addition to the nine trace elements that have regulatory standards established, USGS 

analyzed the samples for many other elements. Of the regulated elements, mercury and copper had 

the highest concentrations in biosolids compared to concentrations in soil. Of the non-regulated 

elements, silver, phosphorous, and bismuth have the highest concentrations in biosolids compared 

to soils (Yager and others, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c). For this reason, these five elements would be the 

most likely “geochemical signature” to indicate that soils or stream sediments may have been 

impacted by biosolids. 

Acknowledgements 

This study was done in cooperation with and funding from the Metro Wastewater 

Reclamation District and the North Kiowa-Bijou Groundwater Management District. The authors 

also wish to thank Paul Lamothe, Paul Wigton, and Murray Beasley, all with the analytical 

chemistry laboratories of the USGS, Denver, for their efforts in the preparation and analyses of the 

samples for this study and Richard O’Leary and Philip Hageman for their very helpful review of 

the manuscript. 

8
References Cited 

Briggs, P.H., and Meier, A.L., 1999, The determination of forty-two elements in geological 

materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open 

File Report 99-166, 15 p. 

Brown, Z.A., and Curry, K.J., 2002, Total sulfur by combustion, Chapter Q, in, Taggart, J.E., Jr., 

(ed.), 2002, Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geological and other materials, 

U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-0223. 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/. 

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment,1998, Biosolids regulation: 5CCR 1002–

64, January 12, 1998 (and subsequent revisions), 53 p. 

Greenberg, A.E. (ed.), 1992, Method 7110: Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total, 

Suspended, and Dissolved)”, in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and 

Wastewater, 18th Edition: Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association and the 

AWWA, p. 7-1 – 7-14. 

Hageman, P.L., and Welsch, Eric, 1996, Arsenic, antimony, and selenium by flow injection or 

continuous flow-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, in Arbogast, B.F. 

(ed.), 1996, Analytical methods manual for the Mineral Resource Surveys Program, U. S. 

Geological Survey Open File Report 96-525, p. 24-30. 

Lyon, W.S., (ed.), 1980, Radioelement Analysis – Progress and Problems: Ann Arbor Science, p. 

215-221 and 223-230. 

O’Leary, R.M., Hageman, P.L., and Crock, J.G., 1996, Mercury in water, geologic, and plant 

materials by continuous flow-cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry, in Arbogast, B.F. 

(ed.), 1996, Analytical methods manual for the Mineral Resource Surveys Program: U. S. 

Geological Survey Open File Report 96-525, p. 42-50. 

Stevens, M.R., Yager, T.J.B., Smith, D.B., and Crock, J.G., 2003, Biosolids, soils, ground water, 

and stream bed sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-51, 118 p. 

Taggart, J.E., Jr., (ed.), 2002, Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geological and other 

materials, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-0223. 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993, (revised July 1, 2003), Part 503—Standards for the 

use or disposal of sewage sludge: Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, v. 27, 40CFR503, 

p. 820-852. 

Whittaker, E.L., and Grothaus, G.E., 1979, Acid dissolution method for the analysis of plutonium 

in soil, EPA-600/7-79-081: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of 

9
10

Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 

23-59. 

Yager, T.J.B., and Arnold, L.R., 2003, Hydrogeology of a biosolids-application site near Deer 

Trail, Colorado, 1993-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 

03-4209, 90 p. 

Yager, T.J.B., Smith, D.B., Crock, J.G., and Stevens, M.R., 2004a, Biosolids, soil, crop, ground 

water, and stream bed-sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, 

Colorado, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-400, 90 p. 

Yager, T.J.B., Smith, D.B., and Crock, J.G., 2004b, Biosolids, soil, crop, ground water, and stream 

bed-sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2001: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1388, 69 p. 

Yager, T.J.B., Smith, D.B., and Crock, J.G., 2004c, Biosolids, soil, crop, ground water, and stream 

bed-sediment data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2002-2003: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1404, 90 p. 

Yager, T.J.B., Smith, D.B., and Crock, J.G., 2004d, Effects of surface applications of biosolids on 

soil, crops, ground water, and stream bed sediment near Deer Trail, Colorado, 1999-2003: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5289, 93 p. 
Arsenic concentration (ppm ) of biosolids sam ples, 1999 - 20

05

1015202530354045

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

A rsenic C oncentration, ppm Measured As Concentration Biosolids Regulation Limit (41 ppm )

Figure 4. Arsenic concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006.

11
C admium concentration (ppm) of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006

05

1015202530354045

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Cadm ium conccentration, ppm M easured Cd Concentration Biosolids Regulation Lim it (39 ppm)

Figure 5. Cadmium concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

12
C opper concentration (ppm) of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006

0

200400600800

1000120014001600

1999

20 00

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Copper Concentration, 

ppm

M easured Cu ConcentrationBiosolids Regulation Lim it (1500

Figure 6. Copper concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

13
M ercury concentration of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2

02468

1012141618

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Mercury Concentration, ppm Measured Hg Concentration Biosolids Regulation Limit (17 ppm)

Figure 7. Mercury concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

14
M olybde num conce ntra tion (ppm ) of biosolids sa m ple s, 1999 - 200

0

20406080

100120

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

M olybdenum C oncentration, 

ppm

Measured Mo ConcentrationB ios olids Regulation Ty pe II Lim it (75 ppm )

Figure 8. Molybdenum concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

15
Nickel concentrtion (ppm ) of biosolids sam ples, 1999 - 20006

0

50

100150200250300350400450

199920002001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Nickel concentration, ppm M easured Ni Concentration Biosolids Regulation Lim it (420 ppm )

Figure 9. Nickel concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

16
Lead concentration (ppm ) of biosolids sam ples, 1999 - 2006

0

50

100150200250300350

19992000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Lead C onccentrations, ppm M easured Pb Concentration Biosolids Regulation Limit (300 ppm )

Figure 10. Lead concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

17
Selenium concentration (ppm) of biosolids, 1999 - 2006

0

20406080

100120

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Selenium concentration, 

ppm

Measured Se ConcentrationBiosolids Regulation Limit (100 ppm)

Figure 11. Selenium concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

18
Zinc concentration (ppm) of biosolids samples, 1999 - 2006

0

500

10001500200025003000

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Zinc Concentration, ppmM easured Zn Concentration Biosolids Regulation Limit (2800 ppm)

Figure 12. Zinc concentrations of biosolids samples, 1999 – 2006. 

19
Total Sulfur concentration (% ) of biosolids samples, 2001 - 2006

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

Total sulfur C oncentration, %

Figure 13. Total sulfur concentration of biosolids samples, 2001 – 2006. 

There is no current biosolids regulation limit for total sulfur.

20
Table 2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999. 

ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Al, % As, ppm As, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm Ca, % Cd, ppm 

Bios 03/99 2.4 1.9 2.2 520 0.30 31.0 3.1 4.0 

Bios 06/99 2.2 2.6 4.2 451 0.01 33.5 3.5 3.3 

Bios 09/99 2.2 2.9 4.9 468 0.02 33.9 2.9 3.1 

Bios 12/99 2.31 6.6 2.3 400 0.16 25.9 3.32 2.6 

Table 2 
Table 2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Dy, ppm Er, ppm Eu, ppm Fe, % Ga, ppm 

Bios 03/99 44 0.50 630 0.7 0.4 0.2 2.4 4 

Bios 06/99 44 0.44 570 1.3 0.88 0.34 2.7 4 

Bios 09/99 43 0.60 580 1.4 1.1 0.4 3.1 4 

Bios 12/99 42 0.47 474 0.70 0.36 0.24 3.14 3.3 

Table 2 
Table 2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ho, ppm K, % La, ppm Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % 

Bios 03/99 0.10 0.3 14 5 0.41 240 31 0.11 Bios 06/99 0.24 4 20 5 0.45 260 24 0.2 Bios 09/99 0.26 4 21 6 0.45 260 23 0.2 Bios 12/99 0.13 3.2 14 3.7 0.632 209 20 0.15 

Table 2 
Table 2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS 

Sample ID P, % Pb, ppm Pr, ppm Rb, ppm Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sm, ppm 

Bios 03/99 4.4 77 2.6 7 1.9 1 7.7 1.3 

Bios 06/99 3.8 92 3.9 9 1.5 3 13 1.8 

Bios 09/99 3.8 80 4.4 10 1.8 3 15 2.1 

Bios 12/99 3.02 56 2.7 5.5 2.4 1 13 1.2 

Table 2 
Table 2. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Th, ppm Tm, ppm U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 03/99 1.6 <0.1 42.0 29 4 630Bios 06/99 1.9 0.12 60.5 46 6 700Bios 09/99 2.0 0.13 66.1 49 6 710Bios 12/99 1.1 0.04 32.3 40 3 481
 

Table 2 
Table 3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

As, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm Ca, % 

Bios 03/00 -- 3.28 1.7 2.93 412 0.202 27.6 4.77 

Bios 06/00 52.6 1.44 1.8 2.6 472 0.35 27.9 2.15 

Bios 08/00 61.1 1.6 2 3 506 0.37 30 2.06 

Bios 10/00 55 1.67 1.8 3.4 488 0.41 28.1 2.23 

Bios 11/00 55.2 1.52 1.8 2.6 468 0.37 28.8 2.25 

Bios 12/00 59 2 1.7 2 430 0.4 28 2.9 

NIST 2781 100 1.6 -- 6.5 640 0.5 28 3.9 

NIST 2781 93.9 1.32 4.9 7.8 611 0.45 26.6 3.5 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 3.9 +/-0

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 3 
Table 3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS CV-AA

Sample ID Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, % Ga, ppm Hg, ppm 

Bios 03/00 29.6 5.62 57.9 0.393 715 4.2 5.77 1.6 

Bios 06/00 41.1 3.8 35.2 0.47 565 2.92 3.8 1.6 

Bios 08/00 39 3.7 43.3 0.66 583 2.81 4.4 2.7 

Bios 10/00 41.8 3.5 39.7 0.62 568 2.2 4.3 1.6 

Bios 11/00 32.1 3.5 38.4 0.56 573 1.96 4.1 1.7 

Bios 12/00 30 3.8 43 0.6 610 2.3 4.2 1.6 

NIST 2781 75 6.1 170 0.8 590 2.9 6.4 -- 

NIST 2781 76 5.6 156 0.79 556 2.57 6.2 3.4 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 

Certified Value* 

202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 2.8 +/- 0.1 3.64 +/- 0

Table 3 
Table 3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID La, ppm Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm Ni, ppm 

Bios 03/00 16 4.02 0.449 306 28.9 0.111 0.299 46 Bios 06/00 20.9 3 0.32 188 26.1 0.112 5.1 31 Bios 08/00 19.9 3.7 0.34 222 30.5 0.12 5.3 33 

Bios 10/00 21.7 3.9 0.369 244 30.5 0.125 5.3 29 Bios 11/00 16.6 3.4 0.33 180 22.7 0.114 4.6 27 Bios 12/00 16 5 0.53 190 20 0.17 2.8 28 

NIST 2781 24 6.2 0.59 820 40 0.2 61 72 

NIST 2781 21.8 5.5 0.519 724 39.2 0.176 120 68 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 80.2 +/- 2

Certified Value* 

Table 3 
Table 3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Pb, ppm Rb, ppm Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sr, ppm Th, ppm Ti, % 

Bios 03/00 64 7.44 1.95 1.63 9.8 370 1.38 0.017 

Bios 06/00 66 10.5 3.4 1 11 297 1.66 0.174 Bios 08/00 78 13.5 3.2 1.3 12 288 2.13 0.163 

Bios 10/00 116 13 6.9 1.4 12 287 2.43 0.244 

Bios 11/00 70 11.6 2.8 1.1 11 296 2.02 0.169 

Bios 12/00 65 11 1.4 1 10 300 1.5 0.3 

NIST 2781 190 18 5.7 71 -- 230 5.6 0.3 

NIST 2781 184 16.9 5.6 65.8 15 226 5.44 0.243 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202.1 +/- 6.5 16.0 +/- 1.6 0.32 +/- 0

Certified Value* 

Table 3 
Table 3. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2000. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 03/00
 34.4 63300
 4.05 611 

632 695 672 685 700 

1200 1100 

Bios 06/00
 59.4 44.6
 5.5 

Bios 08/00
 61.4 47.1
 6.2 Bios 10/00
 51.3 37.4
 6.8 Bios 11/00
 47 32.4
 5.4 Bios 12/00
 35 25
 6.1 

NIST 2781
 36 72
 36 

NIST 2781
 41.9 82.6
 28.2 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53
 

Certified Value*
 

Table 3 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

As, ppm 

Au, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm 

Bios 01/01 51 1.9 1.5 2 0.75 430 0.4 30 

Bios 02/01 13 1.7 1.8 1 0.2 420 0.2 31 

Bios 03/01 12 1.7 2.3 1 0.1 400 0.3 27 

Bios 04/01 25 1.6 2.1 1 0.1 380 0.2 29 

Bios 05/01 47.8 1.95 1.8 2.8 -- 446 0.37 27.1 

Bios 06/01 52.7 1.74 1.7 2.9 -- 440 0.32 28.8 

Bios 07/01 26.3 2.03 2.1 3.2 -- 451 0.46 26.9 

Bios 08/01 32.8 1.82 2.5 3.6 -- 448 0.45 30.7 

Bios 09/01 33.3 1.6 2.6 4.8 -- 437 0.33 30.6 

Bios 10/01 23.6 1.6 1.7 3.0 -- 447 0.32 31.7 

Bios 11/01 49 1.67 1.7 2.5 0.50 421 0.21 32.1 

Bios 12/01 43.7 1.37 1.5 2 0.64 403 0.29 35.1 

NIST 2781 9.9 1.3 4.4 5.4 0.20 560 0.40 31 

NIST 2781 34 1.28 5.1 8.0 -- 598 0.61 29.6 

NIST 2781 32.2 1.23 6.3 7.4 -- 608 0.54 29.8 

NIST 2781 91.2 1.11 4.7 6.8 0.44 657 0.41 35.6 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 4 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Dy, ppm Er, ppm Eu, ppm 

Bios 01/01 29 3.4 41 0.5 570 0.94 0.49 0.22 

Bios 02/01 27 3.7 37 0.5 640 1 0.55 0.23 

Bios 03/01 26 3.6 33 0.5 610 0.9 0.49 0.23 

Bios 04/01 23 3.7 36 0.5 610 0.86 0.48 0.22 

Bios 05/01 23.5 4.2 44 0.69 571 -- -- -- Bios 06/01 20.2 4.2 47 0.55 620 -- -- -- Bios 07/01 23.7 4.1 43 0.89 612 -- -- -- Bios 08/01 23.4 3.8 44 0.78 599 -- -- -- Bios 09/01 20.9 3.4 42 0.60 610 -- -- -- 

Bios 10/01 17.5 3.6 43 0.51 631 -- -- -- 

Bios 11/01 17.7 3.6 44 0.46 618 0.53 0.27 0.15 

Bios 12/01 17.4 3.8 39 0.42 569 0.54 0.27 0.14 

NIST 2781 76 6.1 140 0.80 650 5 3.4 0.39 

NIST 2781 76 5.7 158 0.79 570 -- -- -- 

NIST 2781 76.8 5.7 158 0.79 573 -- -- -- 

NIST 2781 82.3 6.1 159 0.90 603 3.99 2.37 0.354 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 

Certified Value* 

202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 

Table 4 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS CV-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Gd, ppm Ge, ppm Hg, ppm Ho, ppm In, ppm K, % La, ppm Li, ppm 

Bios 01/01 1.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.19 < 0.1 0.36 16 4 Bios 02/01 1.2 < 0.1 1.4 0.21 4.7 0.41 14 4 Bios 03/01 1.2 < 0.1 1.6 0.20 4.2 0.44 13 4 Bios 04/01 1 < 0.1 1.4 0.18 12 0.44 12 3 Bios 05/01 -- -- 2.0 -- -- 0.41 12.7 5.2 

Bios 06/01 -- -- 2.0 -- -- 0.36 11.4 4.5 

Bios 07/01 -- -- 2.0 -- -- 0.43 13.9 5.5 

Bios 08/01 -- -- 2.0 -- -- 0.37 13.9 5.2 

Bios 09/01 -- -- 1.7 -- -- 0.30 12.3 4.2 

Bios 10/01 -- -- 1.7 -- -- 0.29 10.4 3.7 

Bios 11/01 0.76 0.28 1.8 0.10 0.09 0.29 10.2 3.7 Bios 12/01 0.82 0.16 1.5 0.09 0.11 0.26 9.7 3.4 

NIST 2781 3.8 < 0.1 3.8 1.20 16 0.48 23 5.2 NIST 2781 -- -- 3.9 -- -- 0.41 21.8 5.9 

NIST 2781 -- -- 3.5 -- -- 0.40 21.9 5.7 

NIST 2781 3.38 0.36 3.9 0.74 0.29 0.37 24 4.7 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 3.64 +/- 0.25 0.49 +/- 0.03 

Certified Value* 

Table 4 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm Nd, ppm Ni, ppm P, % Pb, ppm Pr, ppm 

Bios 01/01 21 0.16 2.7 8.4 24 2.5 59 2.8 

Bios 02/01 24 0.15 2.7 8.9 31 2.4 60 2.6 

Bios 03/01 27 0.15 3.1 7.9 29 2.4 60 2.5 

Bios 04/01 30 0.15 2.8 6.8 30 2.4 62 2.2 

Bios 05/01 28.8 0.18 3.7 -- 24 2.73 59 -- 

Bios 06/01 27.6 0.162 3.2 -- 24 2.58 64 -- 

Bios 07/01 27.9 0.169 4.5 -- 25 2.43 63 -- 

Bios 08/01 29.4 0.142 4.0 -- 23 2.35 66 -- 

Bios 09/01 31.4 0.129 2.8 -- 23 2.42 64 -- 

Bios 10/01 33.1 0.123 2.7 -- 24 2.44 61 -- 

Bios 11/01 31.8 0.14 4.5 5.6 24 3.04 60 1.9 

Bios 12/01 29.1 0.113 3.7 5.4 22 2.54 60 1.8 

NIST 2781 41 0.17 70 17 82 2.1 200 3.8 

NIST 2781 39.7 0.17 103 -- 69 2.28 189 -- 

NIST 2781 41 0.156 103 -- 69 2.22 194 -- 

NIST 2781 46.1 0.146 78 17.8 76 2.31 237 4.2 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 80.2 +/- 2.3 2.42 +/- 0.09 202.1 +/- 6.5 

Certified Value* 

Table 4 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sm, ppm Sr, ppm Tb, ppm Th, ppm Ti, % 

Bios 01/01 2.7 1 8.8 1.3 290 0.15 1.9 0.2 

Bios 02/01 2.9 2 7.8 1.3 280 0.17 2.1 0.2 

Bios 03/01 3.3 2 7.0 1.2 260 0.18 2.0 0.2 

Bios 04/01 2.6 2 7.0 1.1 250 0.16 1.8 0.2 

Bios 05/01 2.7 1.9 9.4 -- 302 -- 2.4 0.253 

Bios 06/01 2.8 1.7 11 -- 298 -- 1.8 0.277 

Bios 07/01 2.6 2.4 12 -- 308 -- 2.5 0.193 

Bios 08/01 2.4 2.2 12 -- 300 -- 2.7 0.273 

Bios 09/01 2.7 1.7 12 -- 299 -- 2.4 0.239 

Bios 10/01 2.8 1.6 12 -- 296 -- 1.8 0.278 

Bios 11/01 3.6 1.1 11 0.80 254 0.10 1.3 0.198 

Bios 12/01 3.8 0.9 9.6 0.83 234 0.10 1.6 0.191 

NIST 2781 5.7 77 14 3.3 230 0.74 6.1 0.3 

NIST 2781 5.8 70 14 -- 230 -- 5.9 0.292 

NIST 2781 5.9 69 14 -- 234 -- 6.0 0.299 

NIST 2781 7.4 61 14 3.36 238 0.57 5.9 0.207 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 16.0 +/- 1.6 0.32 +/- 0.0

Certified Value* 

Table 4 
Table 4. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2001. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Yb, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 01/01 33 20 5.8 0.50 640 

Bios 02/01 34 18 6.4 0.50 740 

Bios 03/01 34 16 5.9 0.52 690 

Bios 04/01 37 14 5.6 0.50 670 

Bios 05/01 57 18 5.2 -- 642 

Bios 06/01 62.5 18 4.7 -- 660 

Bios 07/01 63.8 24 6.3 -- 680 

Bios 08/01 63.7 23 6.3 -- 687 

Bios 09/01 59.9 19 5.3 -- 689 

Bios 10/01 56.8 17 4.9 -- 700 

Bios 11/01 48.4 13 3.3 0.26 653 

Bios 12/01 43.1 11 3.2 0.24 600 

NIST 2781 42 76 39.0 3.70 1200 

NIST 2781 41.4 84 29.3 -- 1120 

NIST 2781 41.6 85 30.2 -- 1130 

NIST 2781 47.1 75 30.2 2.56 1180 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53 

Certified Value* 

Table 4 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

As, ppm 

Au, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm 

Bios 01/02 40.8 1.36 1.1 2.0 0.63 427 0.19 

Bios 02/02 40.0 1.20 1.1 1.4 0.39 481 0.28 

Bios 03/02 36.0 1.09 1.1 1.4 0.30 441 0.20 

Bios 04/02 35.4 1.08 1.2 1.3 0.32 436 0.16 

Bios 05/02 21.6 2.05 2.2 3.0 0.18 471 0.32 

Bios 06/02 22.9 2.18 2.2 2.5 0.11 474 0.39 

Bios 07/02 22.0 2.13 2.2 2.8 0.11 461 0.27 

Bios 08/02 24.5 2.13 2.1 3.1 0.32 497 0.43 

Bios 09/02 22.2 2.08 2.2 3.0 0.15 484 0.31 

Bios 10/02 24.4 2.12 2.0 2.9 0.10 501 0.48 

Bios 11/02 22.8 2.04 1.7 2.2 0.12 460 0.36 

Bios 12/02 23.7 1.97 1.6 2.8 0.10 456 0.23 

NIST 2781 91.8 0.91 4.7 6.3 0.23 592 0.33 NIST 2781 56.2 1.60 6.2 7.5 0.05 640 0.60 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Cd, ppm Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Dy, ppm 

Bios 01/02 2.9 18.3 3.3 39 0.43 600 0.54 

Bios 02/02 3.0 17.6 3.5 38 0.50 592 0.65 

Bios 03/02 2.9 20.1 3.4 37 0.46 555 0.62 

Bios 04/02 3.0 18.4 3.4 37 0.46 574 0.60 

Bios 05/02 2.7 23.3 3.9 45 0.59 689 0.93 

Bios 06/02 2.6 24.2 4.1 47 0.67 735 0.96 

Bios 07/02 2.2 20.6 3.9 46 0.63 722 0.95 

Bios 08/02 2.3 20.6 4.4 46 0.63 731 0.97 

Bios 09/02 2.2 20.4 4.0 43 0.63 709 0.97 

Bios 10/02 2.2 21.0 4.1 45 0.53 736 0.89 

Bios 11/02 2.2 22.3 3.7 41 0.48 710 0.80 

Bios 12/02 2.4 19.0 3.7 45 0.41 705 0.80 

NIST 2781 12.9 72.9 5.7 137 0.81 566 3.67 

NIST 2781 12.0 79.7 6.3 180 0.89 626 5.19 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 12.78 +/-0.72 202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 

Certified Value* 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS CV-AAS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Fe, % Ga, ppm Gd, ppm Ge, ppm Hg, ppm Ho, ppm In, ppm 

Bios 01/02 1.99 3.4 0.83 0.20 1.6 0.09 0.06 

Bios 02/02 1.94 6.9 0.89 0.18 1.1 0.11 0.10 

Bios 03/02 1.84 7.1 0.91 0.18 1.3 0.11 0.10 

Bios 04/02 1.80 6.7 0.82 0.22 1.5 0.10 0.13 

Bios 05/02 2.24 6.6 1.14 0.04 1.5 0.20 0.19 

Bios 06/02 2.45 7.0 1.14 0.04 1.7 0.20 0.13 

Bios 07/02 2.40 7.5 1.08 0.04 2.2 0.20 0.15 

Bios 08/02 2.29 6.9 1.14 0.04 1.6 0.20 0.12 

Bios 09/02 2.23 6.2 1.13 0.03 1.7 0.20 0.10 

Bios 10/02 2.00 6.3 1.09 0.04 1.2 0.19 0.12 

Bios 11/02 1.96 7.0 0.99 0.03 1.5 0.17 0.12 

Bios 12/02 2.24 8.1 0.97 0.03 1.5 0.17 0.12 

NIST 2781 2.57 6.0 3.15 0.39 3.5 0.66 0.28 

NIST 2781 2.88 6.5 3.69 0.05 3.5 1.15 0.28 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 2.8 +/- 0.1 3.64 +/- 0.25 

Certified Value* 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm Nd, ppm 

Bios 01/02 2.3 0.314 207 29.6 0.110 3 6.0 

Bios 02/02 1.6 0.278 245 30.6 0.105 55 5.8 

Bios 03/02 1.2 0.266 236 29.5 0.100 56 6.8 

Bios 04/02 1.0 0.238 252 34.8 0.097 51 6.0 

Bios 05/02 5.1 0.532 263 37.7 0.196 56 7.5 

Bios 06/02 5.1 0.527 345 39.4 0.203 62 7.3 

Bios 07/02 4.8 0.503 402 47.6 0.182 70 6.8 

Bios 08/02 5.2 0.626 818 60.6 0.177 55 6.7 

Bios 09/02 5.1 0.695 531 50.3 0.193 52 6.8 

Bios 10/02 4.7 0.594 360 43.0 0.191 69 6.7 

Bios 11/02 4.4 0.556 307 34.2 0.196 61 6.2 

Bios 12/02 4.6 0.504 334 40.0 0.179 92 5.9 

NIST 2781 2.8 0.342 725 44.0 0.116 73 15.7 

NIST 2781 7.0 0.676 815 42.6 0.216 92 18.0 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 

Certified Value* 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS Total S, IR ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS 

Sample ID Pb, ppm Pr, ppm Rb, ppm S, % Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm 

Bios 01/02 58 1.9 9.6 1.49 4.3 0.8 9.4 

Bios 02/02 71 1.9 11.8 1.45 3.7 1.5 8.3 

Bios 03/02 67 2.2 11.6 1.51 3.2 1.4 8.3 

Bios 04/02 63 2.0 11.2 1.47 3.2 1.3 8.3 

Bios 05/02 58 2.6 12.4 1.54 2.3 1.9 9.9 

Bios 06/02 61 2.6 13.4 1.59 2.4 2.0 11 

Bios 07/02 63 2.2 12.1 1.62 2.0 1.9 10 

Bios 08/02 78 2.2 12.0 1.58 2.0 1.8 10 

Bios 09/02 64 2.2 12.6 1.46 2.1 1.8 9.7 

Bios 10/02 58 2.2 11.1 1.45 2.1 1.6 9.8 

Bios 11/02 56 2.4 10.8 1.39 2.6 1.7 9.1 

Bios 12/02 54 2.0 9.0 1.40 2.0 1.8 9.5 

NIST 2781 222 3.7 17.1 1.51 10.1 55 15 

NIST 2781 196 4.2 17.0 1.46 5.1 72 15 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202.1 +/- 6.5 16.0 +/- 1.6 

Certified Value* 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Tb, ppm Th, ppm Ti, % Tl, ppm Tm, ppm U, ppm 

V, ppm 

Bios 01/02 0.09 1.7 0.20 0.1 0.04 45.1 11 

Bios 02/02 0.11 2.1 0.15 0.1 0.05 46.2 48 

Bios 03/02 0.12 2.1 0.18 0.1 0.06 43.7 52 

Bios 04/02 0.11 1.8 0.18 0.1 0.05 41.5 51 

Bios 05/02 0.16 2.1 0.31 0.2 0.08 40.3 76 

Bios 06/02 0.16 1.9 0.23 0.2 0.09 45.9 83 

Bios 07/02 0.22 1.7 0.27 0.1 0.08 40.9 77 

Bios 08/02 0.16 1.7 0.28 0.1 0.09 34.9 69 

Bios 09/02 0.15 1.8 0.25 0.1 0.09 31.4 69 

Bios 10/02 0.15 1.8 0.24 0.1 0.08 32.9 69 

Bios 11/02 0.13 1.7 0.21 0.1 0.07 31.3 84 

Bios 12/02 0.12 1.6 0.29 0.1 0.07 31.0 118 

NIST 2781 0.53 5.2 0.20 0.3 0.34 43.4 67 

NIST 2781 0.73 5.3 0.27 0.3 0.56 39.6 87 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.32 +/- 0.03 

Certified Value* 

Table 5 
Table 5. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2002. 

ICPMS 

Sample ID Zn, ppm 

Bios 01/02 630
 

Bios 02/02 614
 Bios 03/02 579
 Bios 04/02 578
 Bios 05/02 717
 Bios 06/02 754
 Bios 07/02 778
 Bios 08/02 796
 Bios 09/02 747
 Bios 10/02 749
 Bios 11/02 702
 Bios 12/02 705
 

NIST 2781 1100
 NIST 2781 1230
 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53
 

Certified Value*
 

Table 5 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

Au, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm 

Bios 01/03 21.2 1.95 1.6 0.14 463 0.24 34.7 

Bios 02/03 18.1 1.80 1.4 0.11 466 0.36 31.7 Bios 03/03 15.5 1.82 1.3 0.14 449 0.34 29.6 

Bios 04/03 33.6 1.79 1.9 -- 449 0.36 28.6 

Bios 05/03 35.2 1.68 2.0 -- 445 0.31 28.0 Bios 06/03 37.4 1.66 2.4 -- 450 0.32 30.1 Bios 07/03 37.5 1.70 2.5 -- 442 0.36 30.4 Bios 08/03 39.9 1.69 2.8 -- 467 0.44 30.2 Bios 09/03 37.5 1.73 2.8 -- 467 0.37 30.9 Bios 10/03 36.9 1.54 2.4 -- 469 0.33 33.4 Bios 11/03 34.0 1.46 2.1 -- 435 0.25 33.1 Bios 12/03

NIST 2781 

29.9 97.6 

1.31 1.25 

1.9 6.4 

----

413 617 

0.24 0.57 

31.7 29.4 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 3

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 6 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Dy, ppm Er, ppm 

Bios 01/03 23.3 3.5 42 0.43 701 0.90 0.51 Bios 02/03 19.5 3.2 46 0.38 648 0.72 0.42 Bios 03/03 19.8 3.5 44 0.48 619 0.81 0.47 Bios 04/03 21.8 3.5 38 0.50 650 -- -- 

Bios 05/03 22.2 3.5 38 0.53 654 -- -- 

Bios 06/03 20.2 3.7 47 0.51 700 -- -- 

Bios 07/03 20.5 3.5 37 0.60 694 -- -- 

Bios 08/03 23.2 3.5 36 0.64 694 -- -- 

Bios 09/03 25.7 3.7 39 0.64 696 -- -- 

Bios 10/03 23.1 3.3 36 0.49 731 -- -- 

Bios 11/03 22.6 3.2 34 0.41 676 -- -- 

Bios 12/03

NIST 2781 

20.0 77.2 

2.8 5.6 

33 

153 

0.33 0.82 

613 594 

----

----

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 

Certified Value* 

Table 6 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS CV-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ga, ppm Gd, ppm Ge, ppm Hg, ppm Ho, ppm In, ppm K, % 

Bios 01/03 7.2 1.06 0.03 1.2 0.19 0.19 0.39 

Bios 02/03 8.28 0.85 0.04 1.2 0.15 0.10 0.36 

Bios 03/03 9.44 0.93 0.03 1.2 0.17 0.18 0.38 

Bios 04/03 8.4 -- -- 1.3 -- -- 0.37 

Bios 05/03 8.7 -- -- 1.5 -- -- 0.35 

Bios 06/03 8.7 -- -- 1.3 -- -- 0.33 

Bios 07/03 8.6 -- -- 1.5 -- -- 0.33 

Bios 08/03 8.5 -- -- 1.8 -- -- 0.34 

Bios 09/03 10 -- -- 1.5 -- -- 0.37 

Bios 10/03 6.3 -- -- 1.6 -- -- 0.30 

Bios 11/03 6.3 -- -- 1.3 -- -- 0.29 

Bios 12/03

NIST 2781 

6.7 6.9 

----

----

1.3 3.2 

----

----

0.27 0.41 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 3.64 +/- 0.25 0.49 +/- 0.03 

Certified Value* 

Table 6 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm Nd, ppm Ni, ppm 

Bios 01/03 0.546 296 41.3 0.183 81 7.4 24 

Bios 02/03 0.474 280 43.7 0.176 112 5.1 25 

Bios 03/03 0.474 247 40.9 0.181 92 5.9 23 

Bios 04/03 0.436 250 38.1 0.172 70 -- 22 Bios 05/03 0.403 296 34.0 0.162 91 -- 22 Bios 06/03 0.381 358 34.9 0.154 110 -- 25 

Bios 07/03 0.369 346 33.6 0.137 69 -- 22 Bios 08/03 0.387 407 53.7 0.131 67 -- 21 Bios 09/03 0.428 597 60.2 0.133 110 -- 25 

Bios 10/03 0.350 469 46.3 0.113 50 -- 23 Bios 11/03 0.394 294 61.8 0.104 63 -- 21 Bios 12/03 0.359 256 48.6 0.103 78 -- 22 

NIST 2781 0.474 757 48.8 0.157 62 -- 70 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 80.2 +/- 2.3 2.4

Certified Value* 

Table 6 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS Total S, IR ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS 

Sample ID Pr, ppm Rb, ppm S, % Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sm, ppm 

Bios 01/03 2.6 9.6 1.45 2.1 1.6 9.2 1.20 

Bios 02/03 2.1 8.9 1.36 1.9 1.8 7.7 0.86 

Bios 03/03 2.2 10.2 1.30 2.1 1.9 7.4 0.98 

Bios 04/03 -- 11.0 1.43 2.0 1.8 8.7 -- 

Bios 05/03 -- 11.1 1.44 2.0 2.0 10 -- 

Bios 06/03 -- 11.0 1.66 1.6 1.8 12 -- 

Bios 07/03 -- 12.2 1.58 1.4 1.7 12 -- 

Bios 08/03 -- 12.6 1.59 1.6 1.8 10 -- 

Bios 09/03 -- 13.8 1.54 1.3 2.1 10 -- 

Bios 10/03 -- 9.9 1.44 1.7 1.4 10 -- 

Bios 11/03 -- 8.9 1.38 1.6 1.4 8.3 -- 

Bios 12/03

NIST 2781 

----

7.4 

17 

1.36 1.48 

1.7 3.8 

1.4 

64 

8.2 

14 

----

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 16.0 +/- 1.6 

Certified Value* 

Table 6 
Table 6. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2003. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Th, ppm Ti, % Tl, ppm Tm, ppm U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Y

Bios 01/03 1.9 0.27 0.1 0.08 32.6 98 4.9 

Bios 02/03 1.4 0.27 0.1 0.07 28.3 128 4.3 

Bios 03/03 1.5 0.32 0.1 0.07 27.3 114 5.2 

Bios 04/03 2.0 0.32 0.1 -- 43.8 85 4.4 

Bios 05/03 2.1 0.32 0.1 -- 47.3 97 4.4 

Bios 06/03 2.1 0.31 0.1 -- 54.7 109 4.4 

Bios 07/03 2.2 0.26 0.1 -- 51.4 83 4.6 

Bios 08/03 2.1 0.27 0.1 -- 41.6 79 4.7 

Bios 09/03 2.6 0.30 0.2 -- 40.0 107 4.9 

Bios 10/03 1.7 0.26 0.1 -- 39.2 57 4.1 

Bios 11/03 1.8 0.31 0.1 -- 35.5 70 3.8 

Bios 12/03

NIST 2781 

1.7 4.9 

0.32 0.24 

0.1 0.3 

--

--

31.6 38.4 

80 82 

3.3 

27.6 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.32 +/- 0.03 

Certified Value* 

Table 6 
Table 7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004. 

ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm As, ppm 

As, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm Ca, % 

Bios 01/04 28.1 2.0 2 412 0.23 33.7 2.55 

Bios 02/04 21.8 2.1 3 393 0.35 26.0 2.30 

Bios 03/04 25.5 1.7 2 410 0.28 28.2 2.52 

Bios 04/04 21.8 1.7 2 405 0.28 28.9 2.60 

Bios 05/04 22.4 1.8 2 406 0.30 26.4 2.58 

Bios 06/04 24.3 1.9 2 410 0.26 27.6 2.46 

Bios 07/04 24.7 2.1 2 403 0.32 27.9 2.50 

Bios 08/04 24.6 2.3 3 423 0.43 28.9 2.48 

Bios 09/04 24.6 2.1 3 387 0.33 27.4 2.42 

Bios 10/04 25.0 1.9 2 387 0.33 29.1 2.45 

Bios 11/04 27.4 3.7 2 396 0.34 29.4 2.53 

Bios 12/04 27.6 1.7 2 392 0.25 29.4 2.42 

NIST 2781 29.3 6.7 7.8 572 0.57 26.4 3.32 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 3.9 +/-0.1 1

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 7 
Table 7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS CV-AAS 

Sample ID Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, % Ga, ppm Hg, ppm 

Bios 01/04 2.7 30 0.32 607 2.1 4.3 1.5 

Bios 02/04 3.7 32 0.53 542 4.0 3.7 1.5 Bios 03/04 3.4 27 0.43 615 2.1 3.2 1.6 Bios 04/04 3.2 27 0.37 641 2.2 3.3 1.8 Bios 05/04 3.7 27 0.43 640 2.4 3.4 2.0 

Bios 06/04 3.4 25 0.45 648 2.6 3.2 1.4 Bios 07/04 3.4 28 0.53 644 2.1 3.5 1.8 Bios 08/04 5.1 33 0.75 668 2.5 4.3 1.4 Bios 09/04 6.6 25 0.46 625 2.7 3.2 1.3 Bios 10/04 6 25 0.43 642 2.4 3.1 1.9 Bios 11/04 7.1 25 0.38 632 1.8 3.1 1.7 

Bios 12/04 10.3 27 0.36 565 2.6 2.9 1.6 

NIST 2781 6 133 0.79 593 2.7 6.5 4.1 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 2.8 +/- 0.1 3.64 +/- 0.25 0

Certified Value* 

Table 7 
Table 7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm Ni, ppm 

Bios 01/04 3.2 0.376 210 35.8 0.099 27 19 

Bios 02/04 3.8 0.256 221 20.4 0.157 8 22 

Bios 03/04 2.0 0.233 213 24.7 0.125 5 20 

Bios 04/04 1.6 0.234 202 30.9 0.116 28 20 

Bios 05/04 1.5 0.225 228 29.8 0.126 9 20 

Bios 06/04 0.9 0.203 235 35.3 0.113 4 19 

Bios 07/04 1.4 0.209 249 36.5 0.118 3 20 

Bios 08/04 2.6 0.222 429 31.1 0.124 4 26 

Bios 09/04 0.9 0.211 573 32.8 0.104 3 21 

Bios 10/04 0.4 0.197 395 34.4 0.108 3 22 

Bios 11/04 0.5 0.201 284 28.1 0.112 2 21 

Bios 12/04 0.7 0.198 222 25.4 0.118 3 20 

NIST 2781 2.9 0.273 758 37.3 0.148 71 72 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 80.2 +/- 2.3 2

Certified Value* 

Table 7 
Table 7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004. 

ICPMS Total S, IR ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Rb, ppm S, % Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sr, ppm Th, ppm 

Bios 01/04 7.8 1.39 1.6 1.0 7.4 274 1.3 

Bios 02/04 10.0 1.27 3.1 1.5 7.5 240 1.9 

Bios 03/04 7.8 1.44 2.8 1.2 7.6 277 1.5 

Bios 04/04 6.8 1.48 2.6 1.2 8.9 268 1.4 

Bios 05/04 8.3 1.60 2.5 1.2 10 287 1.4 

Bios 06/04 7.6 1.60 2.8 1.3 9.7 269 1.4 

Bios 07/04 9.0 1.66 2.6 1.4 11 267 1.5 

Bios 08/04 12.2 1.53 2.8 2.0 10 276 2.2 

Bios 09/04 8.0 1.56 3.3 1.3 11 252 1.6 

Bios 10/04 7.7 1.56 2.4 1.2 10 262 1.3 

Bios 11/04 7.5 1.54 2.7 1.2 11 268 1.2 

Bios 12/04 7.3 1.49 2.8 1.1 9.3 270 1.3 

NIST 2781 13.6 1.47 6.0 64.3 14 224 5.1 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 16.0 +/- 1.6 0

Certified Value* 

Table 7 
Table 7. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2004. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 01/04
 32.3 30 3.1 636 

565 604 659 707 728 742 747 692 708 688 666 

1150 

Bios 02/04
 27.4 16 4.2 Bios 03/04
 29.9 12 3.5 Bios 04/04
 31.4 15 3.5 Bios 05/04
 39.8 13 3.7 Bios 06/04
 37.8 13 3.7 Bios 07/04
 38.2 16 4.4 Bios 08/04
 39.3 20 5.4 Bios 09/04
 38.5 14 4.2 Bios 10/04
 39.9 14 3.8 Bios 11/04
 41.6 12 3.6 Bios 12/04
 36.6 12 3.5 

NIST 2781
 35.1 80 27 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53
 

Certified Value*
 

Table 7 
Table 8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

As, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm 

Bios 01/05 34.2 1.63 2 1.4 457 0.27 37.9 

Bios 02/05 27.4 1.54 2 1.4 430 0.30 32.5 Bios 03/05 25.6 1.42 2 1.5 417 0.26 33.4 Bios 04/05 20.6 1.30 2 1.4 388 0.24 29.2 Bios 05/05 20.4 1.26 2 1.5 398 0.22 28.2 Bios 06/05 21.3 1.59 2 1.6 393 0.30 29.4 Bios 07/05 26.6 1.49 2.7 2.4 405 0.32 35.4 

Bios 08/05 20.1 1.44 2.5 2.4 410 0.33 35.5 Bios 09/05 19.4 1.31 2.5 2.4 390 0.30 34.5 Bios 10/05 19.3 1.15 2 2.3 364 0.28 34.6 

Bios 11/05 19.9 1.18 2.4 2.0 365 0.30 35.7 

Bios 12/05 18.5 1.05 2.1 1.9 333 0.24 33.6 

NIST 2781 88.7 1.51 7.7 4.6 619 0.50 29.4 

NIST 2781 42.8 1.28 8.1 8.7 565 0.58 34.1 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 8 
Table 8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, % Ga, ppm 

Bios 01/05 16.6 9.6 37 0.40 633 3.4 2.8 Bios 02/05 16.5 9.2 33 0.39 563 2.6 2.7 Bios 03/05 15.9 6.7 32 0.36 577 2.3 2.6 Bios 04/05 15.4 5.8 29 0.37 553 3.2 2.5 Bios 05/05 14.2 7.8 29 0.36 600 2.8 2.4 

Bios 06/05 20.3 9.7 30 0.62 606 2.3 3.1 Bios 07/05 23.0 9.6 34 0.53 622 2.7 5.3 Bios 08/05 22.2 9.7 33 0.55 643 2.4 3.5 Bios 09/05 18.3 9.1 33 0.42 633 2.9 6.8 Bios 10/05 17.4 8.7 32 0.37 632 2.4 6.4 Bios 11/05 19.4 9.2 30 0.34 621 2.2 5.0 Bios 12/05 16.9 10.2 29 0.29 566 1.9 5.9 

NIST 2781 75 6.2 150 0.83 617 2.8 5.9 

NIST 2781 69 6.3 153 0.73 560 2.6 6.5 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 2.8 +/- 0.1 3

Certified Value* 

Table 8 
Table 8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID La, ppm Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm 

Bios 01/05 9.6 < 0.2 0.422 284 28.6 0.140 < 2 Bios 02/05 9.5 1.2 0.398 227 24.8 0.137 < 2 

Bios 03/05 9.5 0.4 0.451 200 25.2 0.128 < 2 

Bios 04/05 9.3 < 0.2 0.385 185 25.4 0.130 < 2 Bios 05/05 9.5 < 0.2 0.433 244 22.4 0.133 < 2 Bios 06/05 12.8 < 0.2 0.499 241 22.4 0.139 6 

Bios 07/05 14.0 4.3 0.470 298 25.4 0.148 45 

Bios 08/05 14.4 4.4 0.406 443 31.1 0.139 12 

Bios 09/05 12.4 2.9 0.490 696 33.6 0.124 75 

Bios 10/05 11.9 1.8 0.496 298 35.7 0.117 73 

Bios 11/05 12.3 2.0 0.378 244 34.0 0.126 55 

Bios 12/05 10.8 1.5 0.338 229 24.3 0.116 68 

NIST 2781 22.0 0.4 0.560 808 41.9 0.180 99 

NIST 2781 21.2 3.0 0.508 750 38.3 0.176 77 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 8

Certified Value* 

Table 8 
Table 8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005. 

ICPMS ICPMS Total S, IR ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS 

Sample ID Pb, ppm Rb, ppm S, % Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sr, ppm 

Bios 01/05 50 9.7 1.38 3.9 1.5 8.2 332 

Bios 02/05 48 9.2 1.46 3.3 1.1 7.6 289 

Bios 03/05 50 9.1 1.35 3.1 1.1 8.2 271 

Bios 04/05 42 8.7 1.49 2.6 1.0 8.2 283 

Bios 05/05 43 8.3 1.55 2.7 1.0 9.4 285 

Bios 06/05 46 13.6 1.42 2.6 1.6 10 267 

Bios 07/05 56 10.8 1.73 2.8 1.8 11 260 

Bios 08/05 49 11.2 1.74 2.8 1.5 10 255 

Bios 09/05 44 8.8 1.74 2.3 1.6 9.5 247 

Bios 10/05 44 8.1 1.62 2.0 1.6 9.6 232 

Bios 11/05 48 8.5 1.64 2.0 1.5 9.4 242 

Bios 12/05 41 7.6 1.51 1.9 1.4 7.9 228 

NIST 2781 199 18.5 1.46 8.0 70 14 246 

NIST 2781 168 17.2 1.51 7.6 68 14 235 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202.1 +/- 6.5 16.0 +/- 1.6 

Certified Value* 

Table 8 
Table 8. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2005. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Tl, ppm U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 01/05 0.1 40.1 13 5.3 772 

Bios 02/05 0.1 36.1 12 4.2 675 

Bios 03/05 0.1 33.6 11 4.4 673 

Bios 04/05 0.1 35.4 12 3.9 656 

Bios 05/05 0.1 45.1 11 4.2 679 

Bios 06/05 0.1 46.8 17 5.7 664 

Bios 07/05 0.2 50.8 58 5.0 811 

Bios 08/05 0.1 46.9 22 4.9 794 

Bios 09/05 0.1 41.2 69 4.1 803 

Bios 10/05 0.1 41.3 68 3.8 750 

Bios 11/05 0.1 43.5 50 4.1 772 

Bios 12/05 0.1 36.2 59 3.7 702 

NIST 2781 0.2 37.3 84 32.7 1190 

NIST 2781 0.3 40.0 82 28.6 1230 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53 

Certified Value* 

Table 8 
Table 9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ag, ppm Al, % 

As, ppm 

As, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm 

Bios 01/06 19.3 1.18 1.6 1.6 355 0.29 33.4 

Bios 02/06 19.0 1.10 1.8 1.5 349 0.27 34.4 

Bios 03/06 17.6 1.14 2.0 1.7 366 0.28 31.3 Bios 04/06 19.5 1.12 1.7 1.4 383 0.26 32.7 

Bios 05/06 16.7 1.14 1.9 1.9 379 0.28 32.0 Bios 06/06 17.7 1.05 2.2 2.1 387 0.31 29.0 

Bios 07/06 15.5 1.35 2.6 1.9 379 0.33 30.6 

Bios 08/06 15.1 1.91 2.0 1.8 399 0.51 21.6 Bios 09/06 16.6 1.29 2.5 2.0 371 0.34 30.0 

Bios 10/06 16.7 1.28 2.5 1.9 370 0.37 32.6 

Bios 11/05 17.2 1.32 2.5 1.9 375 0.35 33.1 Bios 12/06 15.3 1.11 1.9 1.5 348 0.32 34.5 

NIST 2781 83.8 1.41 7.8 7.1 601 0.51 29.4 

NIST 2781 27.0 1.37 7.3 6.5 534 0.59 28.4 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 98 +/- 8 1.6 +/- 0.1 7.82 +/- 0.28 7.82 +/- 0.28 

Certified Value* 

--, not determined; *NIST Certificate 

Table 9 
Table 9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cs, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, % Ga, ppm 

Bios 01/06 18.3 10.7 35 0.30 653 2.06 6.0 Bios 02/06 20.9 7.6 35 0.29 708 2.11 8.1 

Bios 03/06 17.6 6.9 36 0.31 709 2.28 9.0 Bios 04/06 18.7 5.2 47 0.33 784 2.47 10.6 Bios 05/06 20.6 5.2 54 0.36 845 2.66 9.9 

Bios 06/06 27.3 6.8 56 0.40 815 3.15 6.6 

Bios 07/06 21.7 5.4 44 0.55 661 2.38 5.7 Bios 08/06 39.9 4.6 37 0.65 554 2.21 6.0 Bios 09/06 21.0 5.1 33 0.46 641 2.07 5.5 Bios 10/06 18.8 4.8 36 0.44 670 2.00 5.6 Bios 11/05 18.4 5.1 34 0.44 681 2.06 5.8 Bios 12/06 18.3 4.2 31 0.34 617 1.78 4.6 

NIST 2781 69.8 7.2 218 0.80 685 3.24 7.2 

NIST 2781 69.1 5.9 150 0.73 600 2.63 6.3 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202 +/- 9 627.4 +/- 13.5 2.8 +/- 0.1 

Certified Value* 

Table 9 
Table 9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID La, ppm Li, ppm Mg, % Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Na, % Nb, ppm 

Bios 01/06 11.6 2.6 0.410 260 25.4 0.130 72 

Bios 02/06 13.3 1.6 0.502 279 22.7 0.108 78 

Bios 03/06 11.1 1.1 0.346 291 21.9 0.111 94 

Bios 04/06 12.1 1.9 0.316 288 23.9 0.114 120 

Bios 05/06 13.0 1.6 0.343 329 32.2 0.128 110 

Bios 06/06 18.8 1.6 0.443 419 44.1 0.117 60 

Bios 07/06 17.1 4.4 0.468 331 40.7 0.123 48 

Bios 08/06 24.5 4.9 1.51 407 28.6 0.277 39 

Bios 09/06 17.5 3.8 0.392 453 35.1 0.133 54 

Bios 10/06 16.0 3.7 0.435 338 30.0 0.125 53 

Bios 11/05 15.1 4.0 0.416 260 26.4 0.149 74 

Bios 12/06 14.5 2.9 0.349 185 22.1 0.123 66 

NIST 2781 20.1 4.6 0.485 976 40.6 0.178 78 

NIST 2781 19.4 5.9 0.499 742 37.3 0.183 75 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 0.59 +/- 0.04 46.7 +/- 3.2 0.21 +/- 0.02 

Certified Value* 

Table 9 
Table 9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006. 

ICPMS ICPMS Total S, IR ICPMS ICPMS HG-AAS ICPMS 

Sample ID Pb, ppm Rb, ppm S, % Sb, ppm Sc, ppm Se, ppm Sr, ppm 

Bios 01/06 45 7.4 1.47 2.4 1.6 8.0 231 

Bios 02/06 44 6.8 1.41 2.1 1.8 8.2 238 

Bios 03/06 47 7.5 1.45 2.2 2.1 6.9 255 

Bios 04/06 52 8.1 1.44 2.5 2.4 7.4 265 

Bios 05/06 47 9.0 1.54 2.0 2.4 8.8 266 

Bios 06/06 52 9.8 1.59 1.9 2.2 9.1 243 

Bios 07/06 52 10.5 1.59 2.5 1.8 10 213 

Bios 08/06 72 25.1 1.34 1.8 2.0 7.4 206 

Bios 09/06 51 9.9 1.72 1.9 1.6 10 221 

Bios 10/06 51 8.8 1.65 2.0 1.6 11 228 

Bios 11/05 52 10.2 1.57 1.9 1.7 9.6 244 

Bios 12/06 46 7.6 1.49 2.3 1.6 9.4 248 

NIST 2781 188 17.4 1.44 5.5 97.6 14 248 

NIST 2781 185 15.6 1.48 5.2 66.4 15 213 

NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 202.1 +/- 6.5 16.0 +/- 1.6 

Certified Value* 

Table 9 
Table 9. Analytical results for biosolids samples, 2006. 

ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS 

Sample ID Tl, ppm U, ppm 

V, ppm Y, ppm Zn, ppm 

Bios 01/06 0.1 32.1 66 3.6 684 

Bios 02/06 0.1 33.0 81 3.8 696 

Bios 03/06 0.1 32.0 97 3.7 716 

Bios 04/06 0.1 33.5 122 3.9 794 

Bios 05/06 0.1 35.6 125 4.4 819 

Bios 06/06 0.1 35.8 77 4.5 831 

Bios 07/06 0.1 38.7 50 4.5 769 

Bios 08/06 0.2 26.6 42 8.5 609 

Bios 09/06 0.1 38.2 47 4.0 728 

Bios 10/06 0.1 39.8 53 4.2 787 

Bios 11/05 0.1 42.2 63 4.2 750 

Bios 12/06 0.1 38.0 50 3.8 690 

NIST 2781 0.3 35.2 116 30 1320 NIST 2781 0.3 37.8 83 25 1120 NIST 2781 

Recommended/ 1273 +/- 53 

Certified Value* 

Table 9 
Table 10. Gross Alpha and Beta and plutonium isotopes analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999 - 2

Maximum Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios 

Measurement Allowable for 03/99 06/99 09/99 12/99 03/00 06/00 08/00 09/00 

Grade I 

Gross Alpha, pCi/g sd/value* Gross Beta, pCi/g sd/value* Plutonium 238, pCi/g 

40 

No standard set 

No standard set 

19+/-7 

0.37 

24+/-7 

0.29 

-0.01+/-

0.01 

37+/-11 

0.3 

39+/-7 

0.18 

0.00+/-

0.04 

32+/-22 

0.69 

24+/-6 

0.25 

0.00+/-

0.01 

27+/-12 

0.44 

21+/-6 

0.29 

0.01+/-

0.02 

23+/-14 

0.61 

26+/-5 

0.19 

0.00+/-

0.01 

44+/-11 

0.25 

23+/-6 

0.26 

0.00+/-

0.01 

36+/-12 

0.33 

27+/-5 

0.19 

0.02+/-

0.03 

45+/-1

0.27 

29+/-5 

0.17 

0.01+

0.02 

Plutonium 239+240, pCi/g No standard set 0.00+/- 0.01 0.02+/- 0.03 0.00+/- 0.01 0.00+/- 0.02 0.00+/- 0.01 0.00+/- 0.01 0.00+/- 0.01 0.00+

0.01 

* = Standard Deviation nd = not determined 

Table 10 
Table 10. Gross Alpha and Beta and plutonium isotopes analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999 - 2

Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios Bios B

Measurement 12/00 01/01 04/01 07/01 10/01 01/02 04/02 07/02 10/02 0

Gross Alpha, pCi/g 36+/-11 30+/-10 34+/-12 54+/-12 49+/-11 37+/-9 40+/-11 18+/-2 16+/-2 19

sd/value* 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.28 0.11 0.12 0

Gross Beta, pCi/g 22+/-4 24+/-5 22+/-5 31.0+/-6.8 28.0+/-6.3 27+/-5 22+/-4 23+/-3 19+/-2 19

sd/value* 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.19 0.18 0.13 0.11 0

Plutonium 238, pCi/g 0.01+/- 0.02 -0.01+/- 0..01 0.00+/- 0.01 -0.004+/- 0.019 -0.004+/- 0.12 0.00+/- 0.02 0.00+/- 0.02 0.00+/- 0.00 0.00+/- 0.00 0.

0

Plutonium 239+240, pCi/g 

0.00+/-

0.01 

0.01+/-

0.02 

0.00+/-

0.01 

0.009+/-0.012 

0.000+/-

0.012 

0.00+/-

0.02 

0.00+/-

0.02 

0.00+/-

0.00 

0.00+/-

0.00 

0.

0

* = Standard Deviation nd = not determined 

Table 10 
Table 10. Gross Alpha and Beta and plutonium isotopes analytical results for biosolids samples, 1999 - 2

Measurement Bios 07/03 Bios 02/04 Bios 08/04 Bios 02/05 Bios 01/06 

Gross Alpha, pCi/g 14+/-2 nd nd nd nd 

0.14 nd nd nd nd 

Gross Beta, pCi/g 24+/-3 nd nd nd nd 

0.12 nd nd nd nd 

0.00+/- Plutonium 238, pCi/g 0.017 +/- 0.004 +/- 0.004 +/- 0.016 +/- 0.00 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.012 

Plutonium 239+240, 0.00+/- -0.004 +/- 0.000 +/- 0.000 +/- 0.000 +/-

0.00 0.0085 0.007 0.004 0.008 

sd/value* sd/value* pCi/g * = Standard Deviation nd = not determined 

Table 10