### APPENDIX 8-A. INSTALLATION COST DETERMINATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8-A.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................8-A-1 8-A.2 INSTALLATION COSTS.....................................................................................8-A-1 8-A.2.1 Water heaters .........................................................................................................8-A-1 8-A.2.1.1 Gas Water Heaters .........................................................................8-A-1 8-A.2.1.2 Basic Installation Costs..................................................................8-A-1 8-A.2.1.3 Venting...........................................................................................8-A-2 8-A.2.1.4 Drain Pan .......................................................................................8-A-3 8-A.2.1.5 Electricity.......................................................................................8-A-3 8-A.2.2 Electric Water Heaters ...........................................................................................8-A-4 8-A.2.2.1 Basic Installation Costs..................................................................8-A-5 8-A.2.2.2 Drain Pan .......................................................................................8-A-6 8-A.2.2.3 Space Constraints (adding Tempering Valve) ...............................8-A-6 8-A.2.2.4 Space Constraints (3 in. insulation) ...............................................8-A-8 8-A.2.2.5 Heat Pump Water Heaters..............................................................8-A-8 8-A.2.3 Oil Water Heaters ..................................................................................................8-A-9 8-A.2.4 Instantaneous Gas Water Heaters ........................................................................8-A-10 8-A.3 DHE .....................................................................................................................8-A-11 8-A.4 POOL HEATERS ................................................................................................8-A-11
LIST OF TABLES Table 8-A.2.1 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater (New Construction) ...8-A-1 Table 8-A.2.2 Water Piping Installation Cost (New Construction) ..................................8-A-2 Table 8-A.2.3 Gas Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)......................................8-A-2 Table 8-A.2.4 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater (Replacement)............8-A-2 Table 8-A.2.5 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater Adder (75 Gal)...........8-A-2 Table 8-A.2.6 Baseline (Natural Draft) Venting Installation Cost (New Construction)...8-A-3 Table 8-A.2.7 Plastic Venting Installation Cost (New Construction)...............................8-A-3 Table 8-A.2.8 Drain Pan Cost Table.................................................................................8-A-3 Table 8-A.2.9 Installation Costs for Adding an Electrical Outlet.....................................8-A-4 Table 8-A.2.10 Installation Costs for Adding Grounding...................................................8-A-4 Table 8-A.2.11 Electrical Outlet Installation Costs Calculation.........................................8-A-4 Table 8-A.2.12 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater (New Construction)..............................................................................................8-A-5 Table 8-A.2.13 Water Piping Installation Cost (New Construction) ..................................8-A-5 Table 8-A.2.14 Gas Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)......................................8-A-5 Table 8-A.2.15 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater (Replacement) .....8-A-5 Table 8-A.2.16 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater Adder (66, 75 Gal) ............................................................................................................8-A-6 Table 8-A.2.17 Drain Pan Cost Table.................................................................................8-A-6 Table 8-A.2.18 Installation Costs for Installing Space Constraints (3 in. insulation).........8-A-8 Table 8-A.2.19 Installation Costs Adder for Installing Heat Pump Water Heater..............8-A-8 8-A-i

### Table 8-A.2.20 Installation Costs for Space Constraints (Heat Pump Water Heater) ........8-A-9 Table 8-A.4.1 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater (New Construction)...........8-A-12 Table 8-A.4.2 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater (Replacement, High Value).......................................................................................................8-A-12 Table 8-A.4.3 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater Electrical Outlet Adder......8-A-12

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 8-A.2.1 Space Constraints Flow Chart....................................................................8-A-7

8-A-ii

### APPENDIX 8-A. INSTALLATION COST DETERMINATION 8-A.1 INTRODUCTION This appendix contains the installation cost calculation methodology for Residential Water Heaters, Direct Heating Equipment, and Pool Heaters used in the analysis. 8-A.2 INSTALLATION COSTS 8-A.2.1 Water heaters 8-A.2.1.1 Gas Water Heaters
1, 2, 

### DOE developed installation cost data for gas-fired water heater using several sources. 3, 4, 5

### DOE divided the installation costs into 5 distinct components:

• Basic Installation – Setting up and putting WH in place, removal of old WH (replacement only), trip charge (replacement only), gas and water piping (new construction only), and additional labor charge for 75 kbtu/h WHs
• Venting Costs – Cost of Stainless Steel Vents vs. Plastic venting (power vent/condensing) for various installation types
• Drain Pan Cost Derivation – Design options that include 2” insulation may incur an additional installation cost of adding a drain pan of a larger size
• Electricity – Design options that require electricity may incur an additional installation cost for installing an additional electrical outlet near the WH
• Condensate Filter – Condensing design options may incur an additional installation cost for adding a condensate filter 8-A.2.1.2 Basic Installation Costs For new construction WHs, the basic installation cost includes adding a gas line branch, adding water piping, in addition to the cost of putting in place and setting up the new water heater. Table 8-A.2.1, Table 8-A.2.2, and Table 8-A.2.3 show the installation costs for new construction calculated using RS Means. Table 8-A.2.1 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Mat. Labor Equip. Total Total incl. O&P Gas, glass lined, 30 Gal Minimum 2 Plum 3.2 Ea. $25 $149 $0 $174 $252

8-A-1

### Table 8-A.2.2 Water Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total 3⁄4” diameter, schedule 40, threaded with coulings, and clevis hanger 1 Plum 0.65 5 L.F. $13 $31 $0 $43 $60 

### Table 8-A.2.3 Gas Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Gas Piping Cost from Furnace and Boiler Installation Model 1 Plum Source* $46 1 *Furnace Installation Model 

### Table 8-A.2.4 shows the installation cost for replacement cases, which includes the labor costs for disconnecting and removing the old water heater, removal/disposal fees, permit fees, as well as the cost of putting in place and setting up the new water heater. Table 8-A.2.4 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater (Replacement)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Trip Charge 2 Plum 1 Ea. $0 $47 $0 $47 $70 Remove Old Heater 2 Plum 1.6 Ea. $0 $75 $0 $75 $112 Installation 2 Plum 3.2 Ea. $25 $149 $0 $174 $252 Totals 5.8 $25 $271 $0 $296 $435 

### Table 8-A.2.5 shows the additional cost for 75 Gal water heaters, which takes into account one additional hour of labor for the extra time to install this larger equipment. Table 8-A.2.5 Installation Costs for Installing Gas Water Heater Adder (75 Gal)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total 75 Gal Adder 2 Plum 1 Ea. $0 $47 $0 $47 $70 

### 8-A.2.1.3 Venting For natural draft venting in new construction, DOE accounted for both commonly vented WHs (together with a central furnace) and isolated water heaters (separately vented) (see Table 8-A.2.6)

8-A-2

### Table 8-A.2.6 Baseline (Natural Draft) Venting Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total WH Commonly Vented with Furnace/Boiler Source* $414 WH Isolated $829 Average $622 1 *Furnace Installation Model 

### For plastic venting in new construction, DOE accounted for both average length from wall installations and close to wall installations (see Table 8-A.2.7) Table 8-A.2.7 Plastic Venting Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs(2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total WH average length from wall Source* $443 WH close to wall $221 Average $332 1 *Furnace Installation Model 

### For natural draft venting in replacement installations, DOE did not add any additional cost. For plastic venting in replacement installations, DOE accounted for both average length from wall installations only (see Table 8-A.2.7) 8-A.2.1.4 Drain Pan Some houses may require a replacement drain pan of a larger size when a wider, more efficient (due to increased insulation thickness) water heater is installed. Using the approach 3 

### applied in the 2001 rulemaking Table 8-A.2.8 shows the average price for increasing to two inch insulation by tank size.
Table 8-A.2.8 Drain Pan Cost Table

Tank Size (gal) Average Price (2007$) 30 $0.73 40 $1.83 50 $1.83 75 $6.61 

### 8-A.2.1.5 Electricity For replacement installations, DOE added an additional cost for labor and wiring for installing an electrical outlet for houses that do not have electricity close to the water heater. DOE estimated that all households that do not have a gas furnace or boiler would require an 5 

### electrical outlet and calculated the additional cost of the outlet using RS Means. This yields an 8-A-3

### average cost of $168 for adding an additional electrical outlet. DOE estimated that grounding for 6 

### an electrical outlet is needed for houses build before 1960. This yields an additional average cost of $32 for grounding. See Table 8-A.2.9 and Table 8-A.2.10. Table 8-A.2.9 Installation Costs for Adding an Electrical Outlet

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Trip Charge 1 Elec 0.500 Ea. $0 $0 $23 $0 $34 Receptable Devices (Type EMT & Wire cable) 1 Elec 1.501 Ea. $0 $30 $68 $0 $134 Total 2.001 $0 $30 $91 $0 $168 

### Table 8-A.2.10 Installation Costs for Adding Grounding

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Clamp, bronze, 1/2" diameter 1 Elec 0.25 Ea. $4 $11 $0 $16 $22 Bare copper wire, #14 solid 1 Elec 0.16 Ea. $1 $7 $0 $7 $11 Total 0.41 $5 $18 $0 $23 $32 

### For new construction installations of WHs with electronic ignition, DOE added an additional cost for labor and wiring for installing an electrical outlet (see Table 8-A.2.11).
Table 8-A.2.11 Electrical Outlet Installation Costs Calculation

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Electrical Outlet Source* $49 1 *Furnace Installation Model 

### 8-A.2.2 Electric Water Heaters DOE developed installation cost data for gas-fired water heater using several sources 2, 3, 4, 5

### DOE divided the installation costs into six components:

• Basic Installation – Setting up and putting a water heater in place, removal of old WH (replacement only), trip charge (replacement only), gas and water piping (new construction only), and additional labor charge for 66 and 75 kbtu/h water heaters
• Drain Pan Cost Derivation – Design options that include 2” and 3” insulation may incur an additional installation cost of adding a drain pan of a larger size
• Adding a tempering valve
• Space constraints cost for 3” insulation
• Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Design Option–Additional installation cost for installing a HPWH
8-A-4

### • Space constraint cost for adding a heat pump water heater 8-A.2.2.1 Basic Installation Costs For new construction WHs, the basic installation cost includes adding a gas line branch, adding water piping, in addition to the cost of putting in place and setting up the new water heater. Table 8-A.2.12, Table 8-A.2.13, and Table 8-A.2.14 show the installation costs for new construction calculated using RS Means. Table 8-A.2.12	 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Gas, glass lined, 30 Gal Minimum Crew L-1 2.7 Ea. $25 $148 $0 $173 $211 

### Table 8-A.2.13 Water Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total 3⁄4” diameter, schedule 40, threaded with coulings, and clevis hanger 1 Plum 0.65 5 L.F. $13 $31 $0 $43 $60 

### Table 8-A.2.14 Gas Piping Installation Cost (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Gas Piping Cost from Furnace and Boiler Installation Model 1 Plum Source* $46 1 *Furnace Installation Model 

### Table 8-A.2.15 shows the installation cost for replacement cases, which includes the labor costs for disconnecting and removing the old water heater, removal/disposal fees, permit fees, as well as the cost of putting in place and setting up the new water heater. Table 8-A.2.15	 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater (Replacement)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Trip Charge 2 Plum 1 Ea. $0 $46 $0 $46 $69 Remove Old Heater 2 Plum 1.35 Ea. $0 $62 $0 $62 $93 Installation 2 Plum 2.7 Ea. $25 $125 $0 $150 $214 Totals 5.05 $25 $271 $0 $296 $376 

### Table 8-A.2.16 shows the additional cost for 66 or 75 Gal water heaters, which takes into account one additional hour of labor for the extra time to install this larger equipment.
8-A-5

### Table 8-A.2.16 Installation Costs for Installing Electric Water Heater Adder (66, 75 Gal)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total 75 Gal Adder 2 Plum 1 Ea. $0 $47 $0 $47 $69.05 

### 8-A.2.2.2 Drain Pan Some houses may require a replacement drain pan of a larger size when a wider, more efficient (due to increased insulation thickness) water heater is installed. Using the approach 3 

### applied in the 2001 rulemaking Table 8-A.2.17 shows the average price for increasing to two inch insulation and 3 inch insulation.
Table 8-A.2.17 Drain Pan Cost Table Tank Size (gal) 2” Insulation Average Price (2007$) 2.5-4” Insulation Average Price (2007$) 30 $0.57 $2.01 40 $1.44 $4.30 50 $1.44 $4.30 75 $2.86 $8.06 

### 8-A.2.2.3 Space Constraints (adding Tempering Valve) In some households, the original water heater location may be too small to accommodate a replacement water heater of the same rated volume when the new water heater’s insulation thickness is 2.5, 3 or 4 inches. When such space constraints exist, some households are assumed to use the next smaller standard-size water heater, and increase the water heater setpoint to compensate for the lower storage volume. If the new setpoint is too high it may require a tempering valve. DOE used RECS 2001 to identify which households would have such space constraints. DOE estimated that such constraints would only exist in cases where (see Figure 8­ A.2.1):

$

$ the water heater is installed in conditioned space, e.g., not in a garage or an unconditioned basement, and the water heater is in a small house or apartment with a floor area of less than 1,000 ft2



### . For households with space constraints, DOE adjusted the setpoint of the smaller water heater upward so that the total energy content of the water that could be delivered is the same as could have been delivered by the original water heater at a lower temperature. DOE added the cost of a tempering valve if the new setpoint is >140o

### F. The details of the space constraint approach as well as the tempering valve costs are described in Appendix H, Installation Cost Determination. DOE used an average cost of $22 for adding tempering and check valves.

8-A-6recalculate setpoint for each RECS house

water heater

in house?
Yes

No house too

small?

Yes select next smaller size water heater

setpoint >

140 oF? Yes

No Add tempering valve. recalculate hot water use

calculate energy use

calculate equpment & installation cost

calculate LCC & payback

next RECS house Less than 1000 sq. ft.

See Equation E-5.3

To avoid scalding. 

## Space Constraints

No



### Figure 8-A.2.1 Space Constraints Flow Chart

8-A-7

### 8-A.2.2.4 Space Constraints (3 in. insulation) Design options that include 3-in. insulation require an additional cost in some replacement applications to account for certain installation impacts (e.g., to disassemble and reassemble doorjambs). DOE added a $219 installation cost for removal and replacement of door jambs for 50 percent of all water heaters located in the conditioned space (See Table 8-A.2.18). Using RECS 2001, DOE determined that 54 percent of water heaters are located in a conditioned space. DOE used the calculated average cost of $36 for all design options that include 3-in. insulation. Table 8-A.2.18 Installation Costs for Installing Space Constraints (3 in. insulation)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Trip Charge 1 Carp 0.5 Ea. $0 $19 $0 $19 $30 Remove and replace interior door casing, jamb and stop 1 Carp 1.2 Ea. $0 $46 $0 $46 $71 Remove and replace interior slab door, on existing hinges (includes new door) 1 Carp 2.0 Ea. $0 $76 $0 $76 $119 Total 3.7 Ea. $0 $141 $0 $141 $219 

### 8-A.2.2.5 Heat Pump Water Heaters For heat pump water heater installation, DOE applied additional labor and materials costs. The labor cost to install a heat pump water heater takes into account one additional hour of 7 

### labor for the extra time to install this equipment. (see Table 8-A.2.19). Table 8-A.2.19 Installation Costs Adder for Installing Heat Pump Water Heater

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Installation Adder 2 Plum 0.5 Ea. $0 $23 $0 $23 $35 

### For one-fourth of the replacement installations, DOE included the cost for adding a condensate pump and longer water line to the drain at an average cost $153. For indoor replacement installations, DOE added the cost for making adjustments to accommodate the heat pump water heater in the case of space constraints (including adding ventilation using a fully-louvered closet door). DOE estimated that this cost, which averages $346, occurs in half of indoor replacement installations. See Table 8-A.2.20.

8-A-8

### Table 8-A.2.20 Installation Costs for Space Constraints (Heat Pump Water Heater)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Trip Charge 1 Carp 0.5 Ea. $0 $19 $0 $19 $30 Remove and replace interior door casing, jamb and stop 1 Carp 1.2 Ea. $0 $46 $0 $46 $71 Remove and replace interior slab door, on existing hinges (includes new door) 1 Carp 2 Ea. $115 $76 $0 $191 $245 Total 1 Carp 3.7 Ea. $115 $141 $0 $256 $346 

### DOE also applied an additional drain pan cost of $2 to account for the larger 2-in. insulation for this product. The average total additional cost to install a heat pump water heater is $181 in replacement installations, and $71 in new home installations. One major concern with heat pump water heaters is the increased heating load that it can create when it is installed in a conditioned space during the heating season. This is a significant effect that is well documented in various studies and reports. To address this issue DOE calculated the extra energy required to compensate for the additional heating load for replacement installations (see Appendix E for details). For new construction, the HPWH is assumed to be installed in a space where this problem will not be an issue. Another potential solution is to consider adding the cost of duct work to vent the cold air 8 

### to the outside. A HPWH designed in Europe uses this kind of strategy. DOE calculated that on average this would require a similar cost to the added venting costs for installing a condensing gas water heater in replacement situations ($425) plus a venting kit, which might include vent termination and fan ($100). The effect of adding these costs into the LCC analysis is less than the method used by DOE. Furthermore, DOE’s method provides more variability by calculating the potential effect for each individual household.

8-A.2.3 Oil Water Heaters DOE developed installation cost data for the baseline oil-fired water heater using 3 

### information from the 2001 water heater rule. An oil-fired water heater installation requires hot and cold water connections, oil supply, electrical power connection, a vent connection and an oil-burner that consists of oil pump, blower, ignition device, and controls. All design options that have 2 and 2.5 in. insulation and that require specialized venting at higher energy efficiency may incur an additional installation cost. The average installation costs for oil-fired storage water heaters are shown in Table 8.2.10. Residential oil-fired water heaters are typically sold and installed by local residential heating oil dealers. For the 2001 rule, PNNL gathered installation cost information from seven dealers in the northeastern U.S. These data show a very wide range of installation costs, which vary significantly in different areas depending on the size of the markets. The typical installation

8-A-9

### cost for a new oil-fired water heater ranges from $462 to $981 (2007$). The average installation cost is $625. In the 2001 water heater analysis, DOE estimated that there is an additional cost associated with oil-fired water heaters with 2 and 2.5 in. of insulation. For replacement installations, DOE added a cost to account for installing a burner kit, which consists of a longer air tube and a longer nozzle assembly to fit the existing burner to the new wider tank. DOE estimated that 50 percent of the installations will require an oil burner modification kit. DOE applied an average additional installation cost of $23 for 2 and 2.5 in. insulation. For new construction, DOE estimated that there will be no additional incremental installation cost.

1 

### Similarly to the analysis performed for residential oil-fired furnaces and boilers (which considered NFPA 31 recommendations), the installation cost for oil-fired water heaters assumes that, depending on the energy efficiency, oil-fired water heaters would be vented using Type L vents or using 316-grade stainless steel vents. All installations using oil-fired water heaters at 0.62energy factor or lower that are vented are assumed to use type “L” vents. Following the assumptions for oil-fired furnaces and boilers, this analysis assumes that 50 percent of the installations at 0.66 energy factor and 75 percent of the installations at 0.68 energy factor will require 316-grade stainless steel vent systems. Based on the furnace and boiler oil equipment analysis, DOE determined that the 316-grade stainless steel installations cost about 85 percent more than the baseline installations. 8-A.2.4 Instantaneous Gas Water Heaters DOE developed installation cost data for the gas-fired instantaneous water heater using several sources.1, 2, 4, 5

### There are three design options considered for instantaneous water heaters that increase the installation cost relative to the baseline: forced draft, electronic ignition, and condensing design. The average installation cost for gas-fired instantaneous water heaters is shown in Table 8.2.11. It can be difficult to use instantaneous water heaters as a replacement technology in many existing homes as the cost of physically accommodating their installation can add considerable 9 

### expense. DOE’s derivation of installation cost does not consider extreme installation configurations. In the analysis, all replacements are a conversion from gas-fired storage water heaters (this reflects the small number of instantaneous water heaters installed during the 1980s and 1990s and the long lifetime of these products). The baseline represents an instantaneous water heater with a pilot light and natural draft venting. For new construction applications, the installation cost includes adding a gas line branch (since in most cases it is not possible to connect the water heater to the existing house gas line, which is too small), installing a vent system, adding water piping, as well as the cost of putting in place and setting up the new water heater. For replacement cases, the installation cost includes the labor for disconnecting and removing the old water heater, removal/disposal fee, permit fee, as well as the cost of putting in place and setting up the new instantaneous water heater,

8-A-10

### including the venting system. The analysis for both new construction and replacements assumes Category I vertical venting using non-stainless steel vents. For replacement or new construction installations of gas-fired instantaneous water heaters with electronic ignition, DOE added an additional cost to account for labor and wiring for installing an electrical outlet for houses that do not have electricity close to the water heater. DOE used the same approach applied to gas-fired storage water heaters. See section 8-A.2.1.5 for further details. The incremental installation cost for the forced draft/power vent design includes the cost of the electricity outlet and the required venting. For new construction and replacement applications, the cost reflects Category III horizontal venting using stainless steel vents. For replacement installations, DOE estimated that half of the installations will use vertical vents and half will use horizontal vents. The venting systems are configured to exit a side wall of a dwelling and are composed of plastic vent pipes. For replacement installations, DOE accounted for the installation of a new vent system, and for the commonly vented water heaters, for disconnecting from the existing common system. The installation cost for the condensing design utilizes plastic vents (in addition to the forced draft and electronic ignition) and includes the cost of the condensate disposal. 8-A.3 DHE DOE derived baseline installation costs for direct heating equipment using the approach 10 

### from the 1993 TSD. For gas wall gravity DHE, gas floor DHE and gas room DHE, DOE added an additional installation cost for the design options that require electricity. This was done for the replacement market only, since in new construction the wiring is considered part of the general electrical work. This yields an average cost of $168 for adding an additional electrical outlet and an average cost of $32.28 for grounding. See section 8-A.2.1.5 (Table 8-A.2.9 and Table 8­ A.2.10) for installation cost calculation details. 8-A.4 POOL HEATERS
5 

### DOE derived installation cost data for the baseline pool heater using RSMeans and 11 

### information in a consultant report. There are two design options considered for this analysis that increase the installation cost relative to the baseline: electronic ignition and condensing design.The baseline unit represents a pool heater with a pilot light. For new construction applications, the installation cost includes adding a gas line from the gas meter to the pool heater (in most cases it is not possible to connect the pool heater to the existing house gas line as it is too small). It also includes adding PVC lines from the pool pump to the inlet and outlet water headers of the pool heater (thermal isolation - non - PVC pipe is usually part of this line toprevent pool pump overheating). The installation cost also includes setting, connection and startup fees. DOE assumed that the installation cost varied between a high and a low value it generated using a uniform distribution. (See Table 8-A.4.1) For the replacement applications, the 8-A-11

### installation cost includes disconnecting and removing the old pool heater, putting in place the new unit and reconnecting the gas and PVC lines. DOE assumed that 20% of the time the installation will require more labor due to a more complex installation (e.i. high value). (See Table 8-A.4.2) Table 8-A.4.1 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater (New Construction)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total High Value (250 Mbtu/h pool heaters, not incl wiring, external piping, base/pad) Q-6 34.286 Ea. $512 $1,507 $0 $2,2019 $2,830 Low Value (250 Mbtu/h pool heaters, not incl wiring, external piping, base/pad) Q-6 25.98 Ea. $379 $1,142 $0 $1,521 $2,135 Average $2,482 

### Table 8-A.4.2 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater (Replacement, High Value)

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total High Value (250 Mbtu/h pool heaters, not incl wiring, external piping, base/pad) Q-6 14 Ea. $0 $616 $0 $616 $926 Low Value (250 Mbtu/h pool heaters, not incl wiring, external piping, base/pad) Q-6 5 Ea. $0 $220 $0 $220 $331 Average $450 

### For units with electronic ignition, DOE included an additional installation cost to account for adding an electrical line (115V) and a separate junction box. These are needed since the pool heater requires lower amperage than the pool pump. (See Table 8-A.4.3) Table 8-A.4.3 Installation Costs for Installing Pool Heater Electrical Outlet Adder

Description Crew PersonHours Unit 2008 Bare Costs (2007$) Total incl. O&P Mat. Labor Equip. Total Motor Connections (Flexible conduit and fitting, 115 volt, 1 phase, up to 1 HP motor) 1 Elec 1.00 Ea. $9 $46 $0 $54 $78 Lighiting outlets (Box (4") and wire (for fixture), Type NM cable) 1 Elec 0.32 Ea. $17 $15 $0 $31 $40 Totals 1.32 $26 $61 $0 $85 $118 

### The incremental installation cost of $100 for the condensing design includes the cost of the condensate drain piping that goes from the pool heater to a P-trap devicea

### located at the sewer 11 

### line entrance.

aA “P-trap” is required by many city codes. It helps to isolate the condensate from back-flowing into the pool water and prevents the sewer gas from back-flowing. 8-A-12

### REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Residential Furnaces and Boilers, 2007. Washington, DC.
2. RS Means Company Inc.,Facilities Maintenance & Repair Cost Data 2005. 2004. Kingston, MA.
3. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Residential Water Heaters, 2001. Washington, DC.
4. Smith, D., Consultant Report - Water Heater Installation Costs, 2008.
5. RS Means Company Inc.,2008 Mechanical Cost Data - 31st Annual Edition. 2007. Kingston, MA.
6. Dini, D. A.,Some History of Residential Wiring Practices in the U.S., 2006. Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
7. California Energy Commission, Consultant Report: Design Refinement and Demonstration of a Market-Optimized Heat-Pump Water Heater,April, 2004. California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program. <http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/500-04-018/2004-05-21_500-04-018.PDF> 8. Inventum BV,Ecolution Optima Brochure,Inventum BV. (Last accessed April 24, 2008.) <http://www.inventum.nl/folders/en/Ecolution.pdf > 9. Hewitt, D., Jeff Pratt and Gary Smith, Tankless Gas Water Heaters: Oregon Market Status: Final Report,December 6, 2005. Energy Trust of Oregon.
10. U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Codes and Standards, Technical Support Document: Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Room Air Conditioners, Water Heaters, Direct Heating Equipment, Mobile Home Furnaces, Kitchen Ranges and Ovens, Pool Heaters, Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts & Television Sets, 1993. Washington, DC Vol. 1 of 3. Report No. DOE/EE-0009.
11. Hamos, R., Consultant Report - Pool Heater Installation Costs, 2008.

8-A-13