Preface

This special excerpt from Health, United States, 2003

contains selected tables that include data on the 65 and

older population. Supporting material for these tables can be

found in the appendices of the full report, Health, United

States, 2003, which may be accessed from the National

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Web site at

www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. From the Health, United States

home page, one may also subscribe to the Health, United

States listserv.

For more information about Health, United States,

contact:

Data Dissemination Branch

National Center for Health Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

3311 Toledo Road, Room 5412

Hyattsville, MD 20782

Phone: (301) 458-INFO

E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov

Internet: www.cdc.gov/nchs

Health, United States, 2003 i
List of Selected Trend Tables

Preface .................................... i

Selected Trend Tables 

1. Resident population, according to age, sex, race,


and Hispanic origin: United States, selected years


1950–2001 ................................. 95

26. Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age,


according to sex: Selected countries, selected years


1980–1998 ................................. 131

27. Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at


75 years of age, according to race and sex: United States,


selected years 1900–2000 ...................... 133

32. Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths,


according to age: United States, 1980 and 2000 ....... 148

35. Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race,


Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years


1950–2000 ................................. 155

36. Death rates for diseases of heart, according to sex,


race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected


years 1950–2000 ............................ 159

37. Death rates for cerebrovascular diseases, according


to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States,


selected years 1950–2000 ...................... 162

38. Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to


sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected


years 1950–2000 ............................ 165

39. Death rates for malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus, and lung, according to sex, race, Hispanic


origin, and age: United States, selected years


1950–2000 ................................. 169

40. Death rates for malignant neoplasm of breast for


females, according to race, Hispanic origin, and age:


United States, selected years 1950–2000 ............ 172

41. Death rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases,


according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age:


United States, selected years 1980–2000 ............ 174

42. Death rates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age:


United States, selected years 1987–2000 ............ 177

44. Death rates for motor vehicle-related injuries,


according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age:


United States, selected years 1950–2000 ............ 180

45. Death rates for homicide, according to sex, race,


Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years


1950–2000 ................................. 184

46. Death rates for suicide, according to sex, race,


Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years


1950–2000 ................................. 187

47. Death rates for firearm-related injuries, according to


sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected


years 1970–2000 ............................ 190

49. Occupational injury deaths and rates by industry,


sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States,


1992–2001 ................................. 194

51. Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators:


United States, selected years 1990–2002 and 2010


target .................................... 197

53. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

cases, according to age at diagnosis, sex, detailed race,


and Hispanic origin: United States, selected years


1985–2002 ................................. 200

56. Limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions,


according to selected characteristics: United States,


selected years 1997–2001 ...................... 205

57. Respondent-assessed health status according to


selected characteristics: United States, selected years


1991–2001 ................................. 208

59. Current cigarette smoking by persons 18 years of age


and over according to sex, race, and age: United States,


selected years 1965–2001 ...................... 212

61. Current cigarette smoking by adults according to sex,


race, Hispanic origin, age, and education: United States,


average annual 1990–92, 1995–98, and 1999–2001 ..... 215

65. Alcohol consumption by persons 18 years of age and


over, according to selected characteristics: United States,


selected years 1997–2001 ...................... 224

66. Hypertension among persons 20 years of age and


over, according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin:


United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and


1999–2000 ................................. 227

67. Serum cholesterol levels among persons 20 years of


age and over, according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic


origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80,


1988–94, and 1999–2000 ....................... 228

68. Overweight, obesity, and healthy weight among


persons 20 years of age and over, according to sex, age,


race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74,


1976–80, 1988–94, and 1999–2000 ................ 230

70. Health care visits to doctor’s offices, emergency


departments, and home visits within the past 12 months,


according to selected characteristics: United States,


selected years 1997–2001 ...................... 235

77. Emergency department visits within the past 12


months among adults 18 years of age and over, according


to selected characteristics: United States, selected years


1997–2001 ................................. 251

78. Dental visits in the past year according to


selected characteristics: United States, selected years


1997–2001 ................................. 253

Health, United States, 2003 iii
List of Selected Trend Tables

79. Untreated dental caries according to age, sex, race


and Hispanic origin, and poverty status: United States,


1971–74, 1982–84, and 1988–94 ..................

80. Use of mammography for women 40 years of age and


over according to selected characteristics: United States,


selected years 1987–2000 ......................

81. Use of Pap smears for women 18 years of age and


over according to selected characteristics: United States,


selected years 1987–2000 ......................

82. Ambulatory care visits to physician offices and


hospital outpatient and emergency departments by


selected characteristics: United States, selected years


1995–2000 .................................

83. Injury-related visits to hospital emergency


departments by sex, age, and intent and mechanism of


injury: United States, average annual 1995–96, 1997–98,


and 1999–2000 .............................

84. Ambulatory care visits to primary care and specialist


physicians, according to selected characteristics and type of


physician: United States, 1980, 1990, and 2000 ........

87. Home health care patients, according to age, sex, and


diagnosis: United States, selected years 1992–2000 .....

88. Hospice patients, according to age, sex, and


diagnosis: United States, selected years 1992–2000 .....

89. Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay


in short–stay hospitals, according to selected characteristics:


United States, selected years 1997–2001 ............

90. Discharges, days of care, and average length of


stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according to


selected characteristics: United States, selected years


1980–2001 .................................

92. Rates of discharges and days of care in non-Federal


short-stay hospitals, according to sex, age, and selected


first–listed diagnoses: United States, selected years


1990–2001 .................................

93. Discharges and average length of stay in non-Federal


short-stay hospitals, according to sex, age, and selected


first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years


1990–2001 .................................

94. Ambulatory and inpatient procedures according to


place, sex, age, and type of procedure: United States,


selected years 1994–2001 ......................

96. Nursing home residents 65 years of age and over,


according to age, sex, and race: United States, 1973–74,


1985, 1995, and 1999 .........................

97. Nursing home residents 65 years of age and over,


according to selected functional status and age, sex, and


race: United States, 1985, 1995, and 1999 ............

117. Expenditures for health care and prescribed 

medicine according to selected population characteristics: 

United States, selected years 1987–99 .............. 

118. Sources of payment for health care according to 

selected population characteristics: United States, selected 

255 years 1987–99 .............................. 315 

119. Health care expenses paid out of pocket for persons


with medical expenses by age: United States 1987, 1998,


256 and 1999 .................................. 317

123. Nursing home average monthly charges per 

resident and percent of residents, according to selected 

258 facility and resident characteristics: United States, 1977, 

1985, 1995, 1997, and 1999 ..................... 322 

130. Health insurance coverage for persons 65 years 

of age and over, according to type of coverage and 

selected characteristics: United States, selected years 260 1989–2001 ................................. 333 

135. Medicare enrollees and program payments among 

fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, according to sex and 

age: United States and other areas, 1994–2000 ........ 344 

262 

136. Medicare beneficiaries by race and ethnicity,


according to selected characteristics: United States, 1992


and 1999 .................................. 345

264 

137. Medicaid recipients and medical vendor payments, 

according to basis of eligibility, and race and ethnicity: 

268 United States, selected fiscal years 1972–2000 ........ 347 

269 

270 

273 

276 

279 

282 

286 

287 

313 

iv Health, United States, 2003
Table 1 (page 1 of 2). Resident population, according to age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 

United States, selected years 1950–2001 

[Data are based on decennial census updated by data from multiple sources] 

Total 

Sex, race, Hispanic resident Under 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years 

origin, and year population 1 year years years years years years years years years years and over 

All persons Number in thousands 

1950 .................. 150,697 3,147 13,017 24,319 22,098 23,759 21,450 17,343 13,370 8,340 3,278 577 

1960 .................. 179,323 4,112 16,209 35,465 24,020 22,818 24,081 20,485 15,572 10,997 4,633 929 

1970 .................. 203,212 3,485 13,669 40,746 35,441 24,907 23,088 23,220 18,590 12,435 6,119 1,511 

1980 .................. 226,546 3,534 12,815 34,942 42,487 37,082 25,635 22,800 21,703 15,581 7,729 2,240 

1990 .................. 248,710 3,946 14,812 35,095 37,013 43,161 37,435 25,057 21,113 18,045 10,012 3,021 

2000 .................. 281,422 3,806 15,370 41,078 39,184 39,892 45,149 37,678 24,275 18,391 12,361 4,240 

2001 .................. 284,797 4,034 15,336 41,065 39,948 39,607 45,019 39,188 25,309 18,313 12,574 4,404 

Male 

1950 .................. 74,833 1,602 6,634 12,375 10,918 11,597 10,588 8,655 6,697 4,024 1,507 237 

1960 .................. 88,331 2,090 8,240 18,029 11,906 11,179 11,755 10,093 7,537 5,116 2,025 362 

1970 .................. 98,912 1,778 6,968 20,759 17,551 12,217 11,231 11,199 8,793 5,437 2,436 542 

1980 .................. 110,053 1,806 6,556 17,855 21,419 18,382 12,570 11,009 10,152 6,757 2,867 682 

1990 .................. 121,239 2,018 7,581 17,971 18,915 21,564 18,510 12,232 9,955 7,907 3,745 841 

2000 .................. 138,054 1,949 7,862 21,043 20,079 20,121 22,448 18,497 11,645 8,303 4,879 1,227 

2001 .................. 139,813 2,064 7,841 21,033 20,485 20,014 22,403 19,236 12,154 8,297 4,987 1,299 

Female 

1950 .................. 75,864 1,545 6,383 11,944 11,181 12,162 10,863 8,688 6,672 4,316 1,771 340 

1960 .................. 90,992 2,022 7,969 17,437 12,114 11,639 12,326 10,393 8,036 5,881 2,609 567 

1970 .................. 104,300 1,707 6,701 19,986 17,890 12,690 11,857 12,021 9,797 6,998 3,683 969 

1980 .................. 116,493 1,727 6,259 17,087 21,068 18,700 13,065 11,791 11,551 8,824 4,862 1,559 

1990 .................. 127,471 1,928 7,231 17,124 18,098 21,596 18,925 12,824 11,158 10,139 6,267 2,180 

2000 .................. 143,368 1,857 7,508 20,034 19,105 19,771 22,701 19,181 12,629 10,088 7,482 3,013 

2001 .................. 144,984 1,969 7,495 20,033 19,463 19,594 22,616 19,952 13,155 10,016 7,587 3,105 

White male 

1950 .................. 67,129 1,400 5,845 10,860 9,689 10,430 9,529 7,836 6,180 3,736 1,406 218 

1960 .................. 78,367 1,784 7,065 15,659 10,483 9,940 10,564 9,114 6,850 4,702 1,875 331 

1970 .................. 86,721 1,501 5,873 17,667 15,232 10,775 9,979 10,090 7,958 4,916 2,243 487 

1980 .................. 94,976 1,487 5,402 14,773 18,123 15,940 11,010 9,774 9,151 6,096 2,600 621 

1990 .................. 102,143 1,604 6,071 14,467 15,389 18,071 15,819 10,624 8,813 7,127 3,397 760 

2000 .................. 113,445 1,524 6,143 16,428 15,942 16,232 18,568 15,670 10,067 7,343 4,419 1,109 

2001 .................. 114,659 1,609 6,124 16,398 16,235 16,103 18,461 16,240 10,497 7,311 4,504 1,176 

White female 

1950 .................. 67,813 1,341 5,599 10,431 9,821 10,851 9,719 7,868 6,168 4,031 1,669 314 

1960 .................. 80,465 1,714 6,795 15,068 10,596 10,204 11,000 9,364 7,327 5,428 2,441 527 

1970 .................. 91,028 1,434 5,615 16,912 15,420 11,004 10,349 10,756 8,853 6,366 3,429 890 

1980 .................. 99,835 1,412 5,127 14,057 17,653 15,896 11,232 10,285 10,325 7,951 4,457 1,440 

1990 .................. 106,561 1,524 5,762 13,706 14,599 17,757 15,834 10,946 9,698 9,048 5,687 2,001 

2000 .................. 116,641 1,447 5,839 15,576 14,966 15,574 18,386 15,921 10,731 8,757 6,715 2,729 

2001 .................. 117,693 1,536 5,826 15,554 15,238 15,385 18,245 16,493 11,162 8,659 6,784 2,809 

Black or African American 

male 

1950 .................. 7,300 - - - 1

944 1,442 1,162 1,105 1,003 772 459 299 2113 ---

1960 .................. 9,114 281 1,082 2,185 1,305 1,120 1,086 891 617 382 137 29 

1970 .................. 10,748 245 975 2,784 2,041 1,226 1,084 979 739 461 169 46 

1980 .................. 12,585 269 967 2,614 2,807 1,967 1,235 1,024 854 567 228 53 

1990 .................. 14,420 322 1,164 2,700 2,669 2,592 1,962 1,175 878 614 277 66 

2000 .................. 17,407 313 1,271 3,454 2,932 2,586 2,705 1,957 1,090 683 330 87 

2001 .................. 17,710 334 1,263 3,462 3,033 2,574 2,727 2,067 1,131 691 340 88 

Black or African American 

female 

1950 .................. 7,745 - - - 1

941 1,446 1,300 1,260 1,112 796 443 322 2125 - - -

1960 .................. 9,758 283 1,085 2,191 1,404 1,300 1,229 974 663 430 160 38 

1970 .................. 11,832 243 970 2,773 2,196 1,456 1,309 1,134 868 582 230 71 

1980 .................. 14,046 266 951 2,578 2,937 2,267 1,488 1,258 1,059 776 360 106 

1990 .................. 16,063 316 1,137 2,641 2,700 2,905 2,279 1,416 1,135 884 495 156 

2000 .................. 19,187 302 1,228 3,348 2,971 2,866 3,055 2,274 1,353 971 587 233 

2001 .................. 19,486 317 1,221 3,356 3,040 2,846 3,076 2,405 1,404 979 605 238 

See notes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 95 
Table 1 (page 2 of 2). Resident population, according to age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 

United States, selected years 1950–2001 

[Data are based on decennial census updated by data from multiple sources] 

Total 

Sex, race, Hispanic resident Under 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years 

origin, and year population 1 year years years years years years years years years years and over 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male Number in thousands 

1980 .................. 702 17 59 153 161 114 75 53 37 22 9 2 

1990 .................. 1,024 24 88 206 192 183 140 86 55 32 13 3 

2000 .................. 1,488 28 109 301 271 229 229 165 88 45 18 5 

2001 .................. 1,524 29 109 298 280 232 232 175 95 49 21 5 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female 

1980 .................. 718 16 57 149 158 118 79 57 41 27 12 4 

1990 .................. 1,041 24 85 200 178 186 148 92 61 41 21 6 

2000 .................. 1,496 26 106 293 254 219 236 174 95 54 28 10 

2001 .................. 1,530 28 105 290 263 220 238 185 102 58 30 11 

Asian or Pacific Islander male 

1980 .................. 1,814 35 130 321 334 366 252 159 110 72 30 6 

1990 .................. 3,652 68 258 598 665 718 588 347 208 133 57 12 

2000 .................. 5,713 84 339 861 934 1,073 947 705 399 231 112 27 

2001 .................. 5,919 92 344 875 937 1,104 983 754 431 247 122 30 

Asian or 

Pacific Islander female 

1980 .................. 1,915 34 127 307 325 423 269 192 126 71 33 9 

1990 .................. 3,805 65 247 578 621 749 664 371 264 166 65 17 

2000 .................. 6,044 81 336 817 914 1,112 1,024 812 451 305 152 41 

2001 .................. 6,275 88 342 833 922 1,143 1,057 869 486 321 167 47 

Hispanic or Latino male 

1980 .................. 7,280 187 661 1,530 1,646 1,255 761 570 364 201 86 19 

1990 .................. 11,388 279 980 2,128 2,376 2,310 1,471 818 551 312 131 32 

2000 .................. 18,162 395 1,506 3,469 3,564 3,494 2,653 1,551 804 474 203 50 

2001 .................. 19,018 417 1,533 3,606 3,606 3,699 2,828 1,684 869 501 224 53 

Hispanic or Latino female 

1980 .................. 7,329 181 634 1,482 1,547 1,249 805 615 411 257 116 30 

1990 .................. 10,966 268 939 2,039 2,028 2,073 1,448 868 632 403 209 59 

2000 .................. 17,144 376 1,441 3,318 3,017 3,016 2,476 1,585 907 603 303 101 

2001 .................. 17,955 401 1,467 3,450 3,085 3,163 2,624 1,714 978 635 331 107 

White, not Hispanic or 

Latino male 

1980 .................. 88,035 1,308 4,773 13,318 16,555 14,739 10,285 9,229 8,802 5,906 2,519 603 

1990 .................. 91,743 1,351 5,181 12,525 13,219 15,967 14,481 9,875 8,303 6,837 3,275 729 

2000 .................. 96,551 1,163 4,761 13,238 12,628 12,958 16,088 14,223 9,312 6,894 4,225 1,062 

2001 .................. 96,966 1,228 4,719 13,082 12,885 12,634 15,816 14,669 9,680 6,836 4,291 1,126 

White, not Hispanic or Latino female 

1980 .................. 92,872 1,240 4,522 12,647 16,185 14,711 10,468 9,700 9,935 7,708 4,345 1,411 

1990 .................. 96,557 1,280 4,909 11,846 12,749 15,872 14,520 10,153 9,116 8,674 5,491 1,945 

2000 .................. 100,774 1,102 4,517 12,529 12,183 12,778 16,089 14,446 9,879 8,188 6,429 2,633 

2001 .................. 101,070 1,169 4,482 12,385 12,393 12,449 15,810 14,900 10,244 8,059 6,471 2,707 

- - - Data not available.

1

Population for age group under 5 years.

2

Population for age group 75 years and over.

NOTES: The race groups, white, black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons

of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Population estimates for 1991 through 2000 differ from those shown previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, interc­

ensal population estimates based on Census 2000 and Census 2000 counts replace estimates projected from the 1990 Census. Population estimates for 2001 are

2000-based postcensal estimates. Population figures are census counts as of April 1 for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000; estimates as of July 1 for other

years. See Appendix I, Population Census and Population Estimates. Populations for age groups may not sum to the total due to rounding. Although population figures

are shown rounded to the nearest 1,000, calculations of birth rates and death rates shown in this volume are based on unrounded population figures for decennial

years and for all years starting with 1991. See Appendix II, Rate. Unrounded population figures are available in the spreadsheet version of this table (see www.cdc.gov/

nchs/hus.htm). Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1950 Nonwhite Population by Race. Special Report P-E, No. 3B. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951; U.S.

Census of Population: 1960, Number of Inhabitants, PC(1)-A1, United States Summary, 1964; 1970, Number of Inhabitants, Final Report PC(1)-A1, United States Sum­

mary, 1971; U.S. population estimates, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 1980 to 1991. Current population reports, series P–25, no 1095. Washington. U.S. Gov­

ernment Printing Office, Feb. 1993; National Center for Health Statistics. Estimates of the July 1, 1991–July 1, 1999, April 1, 2000, and July 1, 2001 United States

resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. Available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/

about/major/dvs/popbridge/popbridge.htm. 2003.

96 Health, United States, 2003
Table 26 (page 1 of 2). Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age, according to sex: Selected countries, 

selected years 1980–1998 

[Data are based on reporting by countries] 

Male Female 

Country 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1998 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1998 

At birth Life expectancy in years Rank Life expectancy in years Rank 

Australia ....................... 71.0 73.9 75.0 75.6 75.9 7 78.1 80.1 80.8 81.3 81.5 8 

Austria ........................ 69.0 72.3 73.5 74.3 74.7 19 76.1 78.9 80.1 80.6 80.9 11 

Belgium ....................... 70.0 72.7 73.4 74.1 74.3 21 76.8 79.4 80.2 80.6 80.5 17 

Bulgaria ....................... 68.5 68.3 67.4 67.0 67.4 34 73.9 75.0 74.9 73.8 74.7 35 

Canada ....................... 71.7 74.4 75.1 75.8 76.0 6 78.9 80.8 81.1 81.3 81.5 8 

Chile ......................... - - - 71.1 71.8 72.1 72.3 28 - - - 76.9 77.8 78.1 78.3 28 

Costa Rica ..................... 71.8 74.7 74.0 74.5 74.8 16 77.0 79.1 78.6 79.5 79.3 23 

Cuba ......................... 72.2 74.6 75.4 75.7 75.8 9 - - - 76.9 77.7 78.0 78.2 29 

Czech Republic1 ................. 66.8 67.6 69.7 70.5 71.1 31 73.9 75.4 76.6 77.5 78.1 30 

Denmark ...................... 71.2 72.0 72.7 73.6 73.9 23 77.3 77.7 77.8 78.4 78.8 27 

England and Wales ............... 70.8 73.1 74.2 74.9 75.1 15 76.8 78.8 79.5 79.8 80.0 19 

Finland........................ 69.2 70.9 72.8 73.4 73.5 25 77.6 78.9 80.2 80.5 80.8 12 

France ........................ 70.2 72.7 73.9 74.6 74.8 16 78.4 81.0 81.9 82.3 82.4 3 

Germany2 

...................... 69.6 72.0 73.3 74.0 74.5 20 76.1 78.4 79.7 80.3 80.6 14 

Greece........................ 72.2 74.6 75.0 75.6 75.5 10 76.8 79.5 80.3 80.8 80.6 14 

Hong Kong ..................... 71.6 74.6 76.0 77.2 77.4 1 77.9 80.3 81.5 83.2 83.0 2 

Hungary ....................... 65.5 65.1 65.3 66.4 66.1 36 72.7 73.7 74.5 75.1 75.2 34 

Ireland ........................ 70.1 72.1 72.9 73.4 73.5 25 75.6 80.3 78.4 78.6 79.1 25 

Israel ......................... 72.2 75.1 75.5 76.1 76.2 5 75.8 78.5 79.5 80.4 80.6 14 

Italy .......................... 71.1 73.8 75.0 75.9 75.9 7 77.7 80.5 81.6 82.1 82.2 5 

Japan ........................ 73.4 75.9 76.4 77.2 77.2 2 78.8 81.9 82.9 83.8 84.0 1 

Netherlands .................... 72.5 73.8 74.6 75.2 75.2 13 79.2 80.1 80.4 80.6 80.7 13 

New Zealand ................... 70.0 72.4 74.2 74.9 75.2 13 76.3 78.3 79.5 80.1 80.4 18 

Northern Ireland ................. 68.3 72.2 73.3 74.3 74.3 21 75.0 77.9 78.8 79.5 79.8 20 

Norway ....................... 72.3 73.4 74.8 75.4 75.5 10 79.2 79.8 80.8 81.0 81.3 10 

Poland ........................ 66.0 66.5 67.6 68.5 68.9 32 74.4 75.5 76.4 77.0 77.3 32 

Portugal ....................... 67.7 70.4 71.2 71.6 71.7 29 75.2 77.4 78.6 78.8 78.9 26 

Puerto Rico .................... 70.8 69.1 69.6 73.9 71.4 30 76.9 77.2 78.9 78.5 79.3 23 

Romania ...................... 66.6 66.6 65.5 65.3 66.3 35 71.9 73.1 73.5 73.4 73.8 36 

Russian Federation ............... 61.4 63.8 58.3 61.0 61.4 37 73.0 74.4 71.7 73.0 73.3 37 

Scotland....................... 69.0 71.2 72.1 72.6 72.6 27 75.2 76.9 77.6 78.0 78.1 30 

Singapore ...................... Slovakia1 ...................... 69.8 

66.8 

73.1 74.2 74.9 

66.6 68.4 66.6 

75.3 

68.7 

12 

33 

74.7 

74.3 

77.6 78.6 79.1 

75.8 76.5 77.0 

79.4 

77.0 

22 

33 

Spain ......................... 72.5 73.3 74.3 74.9 74.8 16 78.6 80.4 81.5 81.9 82.2 5 

Sweden ....................... 72.8 74.8 75.9 76.7 76.9 3 78.8 80.4 81.3 81.8 81.9 7 

Switzerland..................... 72.8 74.0 75.3 76.3 76.3 4 79.6 80.7 81.7 82.1 82.4 3 

United States ................... 70.0 71.8 72.5 73.6 73.8 24 77.4 78.8 78.9 79.4 79.5 21 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 131 
Table 26 (page 2 of 2). Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age, according to sex: Selected countries, 

selected years 1980–1998 

[Data are based on reporting by countries] 

Male Female 

Country 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1998 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1998 

At 65 years Life expectancy in years Rank Life expectancy in years Rank 

Australia ....................... 13.7 15.2 15.7 16.1 16.3 7 17.9 19.0 19.5 19.8 20.0 8 

Austria ........................ 12.9 14.4 15.2 15.4 15.6 15 16.3 18.0 18.7 19.1 19.3 12 

Belgium ....................... 13.0 14.3 14.8 15.2 15.2 18 16.9 18.5 19.1 19.4 19.3 12 

Bulgaria ....................... 12.7 12.9 12.8 12.4 12.5 32 14.7 15.4 15.4 14.9 15.1 34 

Canada ....................... 14.5 15.7 16.0 16.2 16.3 7 18.9 19.9 20.0 20.0 20.1 7 

Chile ......................... - - - 14.6 14.9 15.1 15.1 20 - - - 17.6 18.1 18.3 18.4 22 

Costa Rica ..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cuba ......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Czech Republic1 ................. 11.2 11.6 12.7 13.2 13.4 28 14.3 15.2 16.1 16.6 16.9 29 

Denmark ...................... 13.6 14.0 14.1 14.6 14.8 23 17.6 17.8 17.5 17.9 18.1 23 

England and Wales ............... 12.9 14.2 14.8 15.2 15.5 16 16.9 18.1 18.5 19.8 18.7 19 

Finland........................ 12.5 13.7 14.5 15.0 14.9 21 16.5 17.7 18.6 18.9 19.1 15 

France ........................ 13.6 15.6 16.1 16.3 16.4 5 18.2 19.9 20.6 20.9 20.9 2 

Germany2 

...................... 13.0 14.0 14.7 15.2 15.3 17 16.7 17.6 18.5 18.9 19.0 16 

Greece ........................ 14.6 15.7 16.1 16.5 16.4 5 16.8 18.0 18.4 18.9 18.7 19 

Hong Kong ..................... 13.9 15.3 16.2 16.9 17.1 1 13.9 18.8 19.5 21.1 20.7 3 

Hungary ....................... 11.6 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.2 33 14.6 15.3 15.8 15.9 16.0 31 

Ireland ........................ 12.6 13.3 13.6 14.1 14.2 26 15.7 16.9 17.3 17.5 17.7 25 

Israel ......................... 14.4 15.9 16.0 16.6 16.6 3 15.8 17.8 18.0 18.9 18.9 17 

Italy .......................... 13.9 15.1 16.0 16.3 16.1 11 17.4 19.1 20.0 20.3 20.4 5 

Japan ........................ 14.6 16.2 16.5 17.0 17.1 1 17.7 20.0 20.9 21.8 22.0 1 

Netherlands .................... 13.7 14.1 14.4 14.7 14.7 24 18.7 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.8 18 

New Zealand ................... 13.2 14.7 15.4 15.9 16.1 11 17.0 18.3 19.0 19.4 19.5 11 

Northern Ireland ................. 11.9 13.4 14.5 14.8 14.9 21 15.8 17.5 18.0 18.3 18.5 21 

Norway ....................... 14.3 14.6 15.5 15.5 15.7 14 18.0 18.6 19.1 19.4 19.6 10 

Poland ........................ 12.0 12.4 12.9 13.1 13.4 28 15.5 16.1 16.6 16.8 17.0 28 

Portugal ....................... 12.9 13.9 14.3 14.4 14.3 25 16.5 17.0 17.7 17.9 17.9 24 

Puerto Rico .................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Romania ...................... 12.6 13.3 12.9 12.7 13.0 30 14.2 15.3 15.4 15.3 15.5 32 

Russian Federation ............... 11.6 12.1 11.0 11.4 11.6 34 15.6 15.9 15.1 15.3 15.5 32 

Scotland....................... 12.3 13.1 13.7 14.0 14.2 26 16.2 16.8 17.1 17.3 17.4 27 

Singapore ...................... Slovakia1 ...................... 12.6 

12.3 

14.5 14.6 15.0 

12.2 12.7 12.7 

15.2 

12.9 

18 

31 

15.4 

- - - 16.9 17.3 17.5 16.1 16.3 16.6 

17.7 

16.6 

25 

30 

Spain ......................... 14.8 15.4 16.0 16.1 16.3 7 17.9 19.1 19.8 20.0 20.3 6 

Sweden ....................... 14.3 15.3 16.0 16.2 16.3 7 17.9 19.0 19.7 19.9 20.0 8 

Switzerland..................... 14.4 15.3 16.1 16.5 16.6 3 17.9 19.4 20.2 20.4 20.5 4 

United States ................... 14.1 15.1 15.6 15.9 16.0 13 18.3 18.9 18.9 19.2 19.2 14 

- - - Data not available.

1

In 1993 Czechoslovakia was divided into two Nations, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Data for years prior to 1993 are from the Czech and Slovak regions of

Czechoslovakia.

2

Until 1990 estimates refer to the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1995 onwards data refer to Germany after reunification.

NOTES: Rankings are from highest to lowest life expectancy (LE) for the most recent year available. Since calculation of LE estimates varies among countries, com­

parisons among them and their interpretation should be made with caution. See Appendix II, Life expectancy. Countries with the same LE receive the same rank. The

country with the next lower LE is assigned the rank it would have received had the higher-ranked countries not been tied, i.e., skip a rank. Some estimates for 1997

were revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United States.

SOURCES: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Health Data 2002, A Comparative Analysis of 30 Countries, www.oecd.org/els/health/;

European health for all database, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, http://hfadb.who.dk/hfal; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of the United States, (selected years). Public Health Service. Washington, DC. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lifexpec.htm;

Puerto Rico: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Department of Health, Auxiliary Secretariat for Planning, Evaluation, Statistics, and Information Systems: Unpublished data;

Singapore: Singapore Department of Statistics, Population Statistics Section, http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/singstat/internet.html; England and Wales, Northern Ire-

land, and Scotland: Government Actuary’s Department, London http://www.gad.gov.uk; Hong Kong: Government of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, Depart­

ment of Health, http://info.gov.hk/dh/index.htm; Costa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC) y Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP) http://

ccp.ucr.ac.cr/observa/series/serie3.htm; Chile: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, Departamento de Demografía. Gobierno de Chile. Ministerio de Salud Departamento

de Estadísticas e Información de Salud; Cuba: Pan American Health Organization, Special Program for Health Analysis. Regional Initiative for Health Basic Data, Tech­

nical Information Health System, Washington, DC 2001.

132 Health, United States, 2003
Table 27. Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, according to race and sex: 

United States, selected years 1900–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

All races White Black or African American1 

Specified age Both Both Both 

and year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 

At birth Remaining life expectancy in years 

19002,3 ............................... 47.3 46.3 48.3 47.6 46.6 48.7 33.0 32.5 33.5 

19503 ................................ 68.2 65.6 71.1 69.1 66.5 72.2 60.8 59.1 62.9 

19603 ................................ 69.7 66.6 73.1 70.6 67.4 74.1 63.6 61.1 66.3 

1970 ................................ 70.8 67.1 74.7 71.7 68.0 75.6 64.1 60.0 68.3 

1980 ................................ 73.7 70.0 77.4 74.4 70.7 78.1 68.1 63.8 72.5 

1985 ................................ 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.3 65.0 73.4 

1990 ................................ 75.4 71.8 78.8 76.1 72.7 79.4 69.1 64.5 73.6 

1991 ................................ 75.5 72.0 78.9 76.3 72.9 79.6 69.3 64.6 73.8 

1992 ................................ 75.8 72.3 79.1 76.5 73.2 79.8 69.6 65.0 73.9 

1993 ................................ 75.5 72.2 78.8 76.3 73.1 79.5 69.2 64.6 73.7 

1994 ................................ 75.7 72.4 79.0 76.5 73.3 79.6 69.5 64.9 73.9 

1995 ................................ 75.8 72.5 78.9 76.5 73.4 79.6 69.6 65.2 73.9 

1996 ................................ 76.1 73.1 79.1 76.8 73.9 79.7 70.2 66.1 74.2 

1997 ................................ 76.5 73.6 79.4 77.1 74.3 79.9 71.1 67.2 74.7 

1998 ................................ 76.7 73.8 79.5 77.3 74.5 80.0 71.3 67.6 74.8 

1999 ................................ 76.7 73.9 79.4 77.3 74.6 79.9 71.4 67.8 74.7 

2000 ................................ 76.9 74.1 79.5 77.4 74.8 80.0 71.7 68.2 74.9 

At 65 years 

19502 ................................ 13.9 12.8 15.0 - - - 12.8 15.1 13.9 12.9 14.9 

19602 ................................ 14.3 12.8 15.8 14.4 12.9 15.9 13.9 12.7 15.1 

1970 ................................ 15.2 13.1 17.0 15.2 13.1 17.1 14.2 12.5 15.7 

1980 ................................ 16.4 14.1 18.3 16.5 14.2 18.4 15.1 13.0 16.8 

1985 ................................ 16.7 14.5 18.5 16.8 14.5 18.7 15.2 13.0 16.9 

1990 ................................ 17.2 15.1 18.9 17.3 15.2 19.1 15.4 13.2 17.2 

1991 ................................ 17.4 15.3 19.1 17.5 15.4 19.2 15.5 13.4 17.2 

1992 ................................ 17.5 15.4 19.2 17.6 15.5 19.3 15.7 13.5 17.4 

1993 ................................ 17.3 15.3 18.9 17.4 15.4 19.0 15.5 13.4 17.1 

1994 ................................ 17.4 15.5 19.0 17.5 15.6 19.1 15.7 13.6 17.2 

1995 ................................ 17.4 15.6 18.9 17.6 15.7 19.1 15.6 13.6 17.1 

1996 ................................ 17.5 15.7 19.0 17.6 15.8 19.1 15.8 13.9 17.2 

1997 ................................ 17.7 15.9 19.2 17.8 16.0 19.3 16.1 14.2 17.6 

1998 ................................ 17.8 16.0 19.2 17.8 16.1 19.3 16.1 14.3 17.4 

1999 ................................ 17.7 16.1 19.1 17.8 16.1 19.2 16.0 14.3 17.3 

2000 ................................ 17.9 16.3 19.2 17.9 16.3 19.2 16.2 14.5 17.4 

At 75 years 

1980 ................................ 10.4 8.8 11.5 10.4 8.8 11.5 9.7 8.3 10.7 

1985 ................................ 10.6 9.0 11.7 10.6 9.0 11.7 10.1 8.7 11.1 

1990 ................................ 10.9 9.4 12.0 11.0 9.4 12.0 10.2 8.6 11.2 

1991 ................................ 11.1 9.5 12.1 11.1 9.5 12.1 10.2 8.7 11.2 

1992 ................................ 11.2 9.6 12.2 11.2 9.6 12.2 10.4 8.9 11.4 

1993 ................................ 10.9 9.5 11.9 11.0 9.5 12.0 10.2 8.7 11.1 

1994 ................................ 11.0 9.6 12.0 11.1 9.6 12.0 10.3 8.9 11.2 

1995 ................................ 11.0 9.7 11.9 11.1 9.7 12.0 10.2 8.8 11.1 

1996 ................................ 11.1 9.8 12.0 11.1 9.8 12.0 10.3 9.0 11.2 

1997 ................................ 11.2 9.9 12.1 11.2 9.9 12.1 10.7 9.3 11.5 

1998 ................................ 11.3 10.0 12.2 11.3 10.0 12.2 10.5 9.2 11.3 

1999 ................................ 11.2 10.0 12.1 11.2 10.0 12.1 10.4 9.2 11.1 

2000 ................................ 11.3 10.1 12.1 11.3 10.1 12.1 10.5 9.4 11.2 

1

Data shown for 1900–60 are for the nonwhite population.

2

Death registration area only. The death registration area increased from 10 States and the District of Columbia in 1900 to the coterminous United States in 1933. See

Appendix II, Registration area.

3

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. See Appendix II, Registration area.

NOTES: Populations used for computing life expectancy and other life table values for 1991–2000 are postcensal estimates of U.S. resident population, based on the

1990 census. See Appendix I, Population Census and Population Estimates.

Beginning in 1997 life table methodology was revised to construct complete life tables by single years of age that extend to age 100. (Anderson RN. Method for Con­

structing Complete Annual U.S. Life Tables. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(129). 1999.) Previously abridged life tables were constructed for

5-year age groups ending with the age group 85 years and over. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968; life expectancy trend data available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/

mortdata.htm; Minino AM, Arias E, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Smith BL. Deaths: Final data for 2000. National vital statistics reports. vol 50 no 15. Hyattsville, Maryland:

National Center for Health Statistics. 2002.

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 133 
Table 32 (page 1 of 2). Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, according to age: United States,


1980 and 2000


[Data are based on death certificates] 

1980 2000


Age and 

rank order Cause of death Deaths Cause of death Deaths 

Under 1 year 

. . . All causes 45,526 All causes 28,035 

1............. Congenital anomalies 9,220 Congenital malformations, deformations and 

chromosomal abnormalities 5,743 

2............. Sudden infant death syndrome 5,510 Disorders related to short gestation and low 

birthweight, not elsewhere classified 4,397 

3............. Respiratory distress syndrome 4,989 Sudden infant death syndrome 2,523 

4............. Disorders relating to short gestation and Newborn affected by maternal complications 

unspecified low birthweight 3,648 of pregnancy 1,404 

5............. Newborn affected by maternal complications Newborn affected by complications of 

of pregnancy 1,572 placenta, cord and membranes 1,062 

6............. Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 1,497 Respiratory distress of newborn 999 

7............. Unintentional injuries 1,166 Unintentional injuries 881 

8............. Birth trauma 1,058 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 768 

9............. Pneumonia and influenza 1,012 Diseases of circulatory system 663 

10............. Newborn affected by complications of Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 630 

placenta, cord, and membranes 985 

1–4 years 

. . . All causes 8,187 All causes 4,979 

1............. Unintentional injuries 3,313 Unintentional injuries 1,826 

2............. Congenital anomalies 1,026 Congenital malformations, deformations and 

chromosomal abnormalities 495 

3............. Malignant neoplasms 573 Malignant neoplasms 420 

4............. Diseases of heart 338 Homicide 356 

5............. Homicide 319 Diseases of heart 181 

6............. Pneumonia and influenza 267 Influenza and pneumonia 103 

7............. Meningitis 223 Septicemia 99 

8............. Meningococcal infection 110 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 79 

9 ............. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and 

period 84 neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 53 

10 ............. Septicemia 71 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 51 

5–14 years 

. . . All causes 10,689 All causes 7,413 

1 ............. Unintentional injuries 5,224 Unintentional injuries 2,979 

2 ............. Malignant neoplasms 1,497 Malignant neoplasms 1,014 

3 ............. Congenital anomalies 561 Congenital malformations, deformations and 

chromosomal abnormalities 399 

4 ............. Homicide 415 Homicide 371 

5 ............. Diseases of heart 330 Suicide 307 

6 ............. Pneumonia and influenza 194 Diseases of heart 271 

7 ............. Suicide 142 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 139 

8 ............. Benign neoplasms 104 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and 

neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 99 

9 ............. Cerebrovascular diseases 95 Influenza and pneumonia 87 

10 ............. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 85 Cerebrovascular diseases 76 

15–24 years 

. . . All causes 49,027 All causes 31,307 

1 ............. Unintentional injuries 26,206 Unintentional injuries 14,113 

2 ............. Homicide 6,537 Homicide 4,939 

3 ............. Suicide 5,239 Suicide 3,994 

4 ............. Malignant neoplasms 2,683 Malignant neoplasms 1,713 

5 ............. Diseases of heart 1,223 Diseases of heart 1,031 

6 ............. Congenital anomalies 600 Congenital malformations, deformations and 

chromosomal abnormalities 441 

7 ............. Cerebrovascular diseases 418 Cerebrovascular diseases 199 

8 ............. Pneumonia and influenza 348 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 190 

9 ............. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 141 Influenza and pneumonia 189 

10 ............. Anemias 133 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 179 

See footnotes at end of table. 

148 Health, United States, 2003
Table 32 (page 2 of 2). Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, according to age: United States, 

1980 and 2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

1980 2000 

Age and 

rank order Cause of death Deaths Cause of death Deaths 

25–44 years 

. . . All causes 108,658 All causes 130,249 

1............. Unintentional injuries 26,722 Unintentional injuries 27,182 

2............. Malignant neoplasms 17,551 Malignant neoplasms 20,436 

3............. Diseases of heart 14,513 Diseases of heart 16,139 

4............. Homicide 10,983 Suicide 11,354 

5............. Suicide 9,855 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 8,356 

6............. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 4,782 Homicide 7,383 

7............. Cerebrovascular diseases 3,154 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 3,786 

8............. Diabetes mellitus 1,472 Cerebrovascular diseases 3,201 

9............. Pneumonia and influenza 1,467 Diabetes mellitus 2,549 

10............. Congenital anomalies 817 Influenza and pneumonia 1,432 

45–64 years 

. . . All causes 425,338 All causes 401,187 

1............. Diseases of heart 148,322 Malignant neoplasms 137,039 

2............. Malignant neoplasms 135,675 Diseases of heart 98,879 

3............. Cerebrovascular diseases 19,909 Unintentional injuries 19,783 

4............. Unintentional injuries 18,140 Cerebrovascular diseases 15,967 

5............. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 16,089 Diabetes mellitus 14,140 

6............. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 11,514 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 13,990 

7............. Diabetes mellitus 7,977 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 12,428 

8............. Suicide 7,079 Suicide 8,382 

9............. Pneumonia and influenza 5,804 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 5,381 

10............. Homicide 4,019 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 4,751 

65 years 

and over 

. . . All causes 1,341,848 All causes 1,799,825 

1............. Diseases of heart 595,406 Diseases of heart 593,707 

2............. Malignant neoplasms 258,389 Malignant neoplasms 392,366 

3............. Cerebrovascular diseases 146,417 Cerebrovascular diseases 148,045 

4............. Pneumonia and influenza 45,512 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 106,375 

5............. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 43,587 Influenza and pneumonia 58,557 

6............. Atherosclerosis 28,081 Diabetes mellitus 52,414 

7............. Diabetes mellitus 25,216 Alzheimer’s disease 48,993 

8............. Unintentional injuries 24,844 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 31,225 

9............. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 12,968 Unintentional injuries 31,051 

10............. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 9,519 Septicemia 24,786 

. . . Category not applicable. 

NOTES: For cause of death code numbers based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD–9) in 1980 and ICD–10 in 2000, see Appendix II, 

tables IV and V. 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Vital statistics of the United States, vol II, 

mortality, part A, 1980. Washington: Public Health Service. 1985; Anderson RN. Deaths: Leading causes for 2000. National vital statistics reports. vol 50 no 16. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2002. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 149 
Table 35 (page 1 of 4). Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,446.0 1,339.2 1,222.6 1,039.1 938.7 909.8 878.1 870.6 875.6 869.0 

All ages, crude ............. 963.8 954.7 945.3 878.3 863.8 868.3 848.8 847.3 857.0 854.0 

Under 1 year ............... 3,299.2 2,696.4 2,142.4 1,288.3 971.9 780.3 747.6 754.0 736.0 736.7 

1–4 years ................. 139.4 109.1 84.5 63.9 46.8 40.4 35.5 34.1 34.2 32.4 

5–14 years................ 60.1 46.6 41.3 30.6 24.0 22.2 20.2 19.3 18.6 18.0 

15–24 years ............... 128.1 106.3 127.7 115.4 99.2 93.4 84.6 80.6 79.3 79.9 

25–34 years ............... 178.7 146.4 157.4 135.5 139.2 137.3 110.1 104.3 102.2 101.4 

35–44 years ............... 358.7 299.4 314.5 227.9 223.2 239.4 202.2 198.6 198.0 198.9 

45–54 years ............... 853.9 756.0 730.0 584.0 473.4 454.3 423.9 415.8 418.2 425.6 

55–64 years ............... 1,901.0 1,735.1 1,658.8 1,346.3 1,196.9 1,104.7 1,049.8 1,015.7 1,005.0 992.2 

65–74 years ............... 4,104.3 3,822.1 3,582.7 2,994.9 2,648.6 2,549.0 2,484.9 2,471.6 2,457.3 2,399.1 

75–84 years ............... 9,331.1 8,745.2 8,004.4 6,692.6 6,007.2 5,811.3 5,676.6 5,672.8 5,714.5 5,666.5 

85 years and over ........... 20,196.9 19,857.5 16,344.9 15,980.3 15,327.4 15,248.6 15,211.2 15,190.8 15,554.6 15,524.4 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,674.2 1,609.0 1,542.1 1,348.1 1,202.8 1,143.9 1,088.1 1,069.4 1,067.0 1,053.8 

All ages, crude ............. 1,106.1 1,104.5 1,090.3 976.9 918.4 900.8 864.6 856.4 859.2 853.0 

Under 1 year ............... 3,728.0 3,059.3 2,410.0 1,428.5 1,082.8 856.3 822.2 818.6 805.0 806.5 

1–4 years ................. 151.7 119.5 93.2 72.6 52.4 44.5 39.4 37.1 37.9 35.9 

5–14 years................ 70.9 55.7 50.5 36.7 28.5 26.4 23.3 22.7 21.5 20.9 

15–24 years ............... 167.9 152.1 188.5 172.3 147.4 137.4 122.0 116.7 113.1 114.9 

25–34 years ............... 216.5 187.9 215.3 196.1 204.3 198.0 152.6 142.6 139.7 138.6 

35–44 years ............... 428.8 372.8 402.6 299.2 310.4 331.0 264.7 257.0 254.9 255.2 

45–54 years ............... 1,067.1 992.2 958.5 767.3 610.3 589.9 540.8 531.0 533.1 542.8 

55–64 years ............... 2,395.3 2,309.5 2,282.7 1,815.1 1,553.4 1,400.7 1,314.5 1,271.5 1,252.0 1,230.7 

65–74 years ............... 4,931.4 4,914.4 4,873.8 4,105.2 3,491.5 3,263.8 3,157.3 3,112.1 3,073.7 2,979.6 

75–84 years ............... 10,426.0 10,178.4 10,010.2 8,816.7 7,888.6 7,399.6 7,152.4 7,095.5 7,083.3 6,972.6 

85 years and over ........... 21,636.0 21,186.3 17,821.5 18,801.1 18,056.6 17,861.0 17,648.1 17,357.2 17,597.2 17,501.4 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,236.0 1,105.3 971.4 817.9 750.9 739.4 725.6 724.7 734.0 731.4 

All ages, crude ............. 823.5 809.2 807.8 785.3 812.0 837.2 833.6 838.5 854.9 855.0 

Under 1 year ............... 2,854.6 2,321.3 1,863.7 1,141.7 855.7 700.5 669.4 686.0 663.6 663.4 

1–4 years ................. 126.7 98.4 75.4 54.7 41.0 36.0 31.5 31.0 30.3 28.7 

5–14 years................ 48.9 37.3 31.8 24.2 19.3 17.9 17.0 15.8 15.6 15.0 

15–24 years ............... 89.1 61.3 68.1 57.5 49.0 47.3 45.2 42.7 43.7 43.1 

25–34 years ............... 142.7 106.6 101.6 75.9 74.2 76.1 67.2 65.6 64.1 63.5 

35–44 years ............... 290.3 229.4 231.1 159.3 137.9 149.3 140.4 140.9 141.8 143.2 

45–54 years ............... 641.5 526.7 517.2 412.9 342.7 324.1 311.5 304.9 307.6 312.5 

55–64 years ............... 1,404.8 1,196.4 1,098.9 934.3 878.8 835.2 807.3 780.6 777.6 772.2 

65–74 years ............... 3,333.2 2,871.8 2,579.7 2,144.7 1,991.2 1,975.8 1,940.7 1,950.2 1,952.3 1,921.2 

75–84 years ............... 8,399.6 7,633.1 6,677.6 5,440.1 4,883.1 4,818.6 4,733.5 4,755.6 4,825.4 4,814.7 

85 years and over ........... 19,194.7 19,008.4 15,518.0 14,746.9 14,274.3 14,242.3 14,255.4 14,329.9 14,731.3 14,719.2 

White male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,642.5 1,586.0 1,513.7 1,317.6 1,165.9 1,107.5 1,059.1 1,042.0 1,040.0 1,029.4 

All ages, crude ............. 1,089.5 1,098.5 1,086.7 983.3 930.9 921.0 893.3 887.3 892.1 887.8 

Under 1 year ............... 3,400.5 2,694.1 2,113.2 1,230.3 896.1 720.7 690.6 678.3 667.0 667.6 

1–4 years ................. 135.5 104.9 83.6 66.1 45.9 39.0 35.3 32.6 33.9 32.6 

5–14 years................ 67.2 52.7 48.0 35.0 26.4 24.3 21.7 20.7 19.7 19.8 

15–24 years ............... 152.4 143.7 170.8 167.0 131.3 120.1 107.9 105.7 102.8 105.8 

25–34 years ............... 185.3 163.2 176.6 171.3 176.1 171.9 133.9 125.8 125.4 124.1 

35–44 years ............... 380.9 332.6 343.5 257.4 268.2 286.8 235.4 232.1 230.8 233.6 

45–54 years ............... 984.5 932.2 882.9 698.9 548.7 528.3 489.2 481.3 484.6 496.9 

55–64 years ............... 2,304.4 2,225.2 2,202.6 1,728.5 1,467.2 1,319.3 1,236.2 1,196.5 1,179.7 1,163.3 

65–74 years ............... 4,864.9 4,848.4 4,810.1 4,035.7 3,397.7 3,173.3 3,081.7 3,041.8 2,998.7 2,905.7 

75–84 years ............... 10,526.3 10,299.6 10,098.8 8,829.8 7,844.9 7,347.3 7,117.2 7,053.4 7,040.1 6,933.1 

85 years and over ........... 22,116.3 21,750.0 18,551.7 19,097.3 18,268.3 18,050.7 17,833.2 17,534.2 17,752.9 17,716.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 155 
Table 35 (page 2 of 4). Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Black or 

African American male3 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,909.1 1,811.1 1,873.9 1,697.8 1,644.5 1,585.7 1,458.8 1,430.5 1,432.6 1,403.5 

All ages, crude ............. 1,257.7 1,181.7 1,186.6 1,034.1 1,008.0 960.2 867.1 848.2 847.4 834.1 

Under 1 year ............... 

1–4 years4 ................ - - -1,412.6 

5,306.8 

208.5 

4,298.9 

150.5 

2,586.7 2,112.4 1,664.7 1,594.2 

110.5 85.8 73.1 61.8 

1,629.3 

62.6 

1,592.8 

59.0 

1,567.6 

54.5 

5–14 years................ 95.1 75.1 67.1 47.4 41.2 38.5 32.7 33.2 32.0 28.2 

15–24 years ............... 289.7 212.0 320.6 209.1 252.2 246.6 214.2 193.5 184.6 181.4 

25–34 years ............... 503.5 402.5 559.5 407.3 430.8 407.4 298.9 272.5 258.6 261.0 

35–44 years ............... 878.1 762.0 956.6 689.8 699.6 716.8 520.2 478.9 469.2 453.0 

45–54 years ............... 1,905.0 1,624.8 1,777.5 1,479.9 1,261.0 1,238.9 1,074.7 1,037.7 1,030.7 1,017.7 

55–64 years ............... 3,773.2 3,316.4 3,256.9 2,873.0 2,618.4 2,382.0 2,242.4 2,182.0 2,145.6 2,080.1 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 5,310.3 10,101.9 

5,798.7 

8,605.1 

5,803.2 

9,454.9 

5,131.1 4,946.1 4,707.8 4,428.6 

9,231.6 9,129.5 8,862.0 8,433.8 

4,337.6 

8,526.7 

4,352.3 

8,559.1 

4,253.5 

8,486.0 

85 years and over ........... - - - 14,844.8 12,222.3 16,098.8 16,954.9 17,016.0 16,935.0 16,700.2 17,304.5 16,791.0 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - 1,111.5 916.2 932.0 974.8 943.9 925.9 841.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 597.1 476.4 459.4 458.2 441.9 431.8 415.6 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,598.1 1,056.6 696.0 833.8 883.9 721.8 700.2 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - 82.7 77.4 73.3 43.4 52.5 46.6 44.9 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 43.7 33.4 27.0 24.4 24.5 18.8 20.2 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 311.1 219.8 182.1 158.9 143.0 154.2 136.2 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 360.6 256.1 263.6 223.6 208.5 189.6 179.1 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 556.8 365.4 377.4 335.9 314.2 296.5 295.2 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 871.3 619.9 601.0 579.6 555.1 554.8 520.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,547.5 1,211.3 1,276.0 1,255.5 1,200.0 1,122.4 1,090.4 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 2,968.4 2,461.7 2,660.8 2,849.8 2,687.1 2,786.2 2,478.3 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 5,607.0 5,389.2 5,787.7 6,078.4 5,828.4 6,157.2 5,351.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 12,635.2 11,243.9 10,604.7 13,018.1 13,391.2 11,769.3 10,725.8 

Asian or Pacific Islander male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - 786.5 716.4 693.4 660.2 646.9 641.2 624.2 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 375.3 334.3 341.4 336.8 335.4 333.2 332.9 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - 816.5 605.3 468.3 477.9 444.0 451.0 529.4 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - 50.9 45.0 28.0 27.4 18.9 28.9 23.3 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 23.4 20.7 19.6 17.7 18.3 13.5 12.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 80.8 76.0 73.0 60.1 53.4 51.6 55.2 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 83.5 79.6 75.4 65.3 65.8 57.3 55.0 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 128.3 130.8 124.9 110.3 105.2 108.2 104.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 342.3 287.1 273.0 263.8 265.1 240.1 249.7 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 881.1 789.1 714.2 718.5 676.7 661.0 642.4 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 2,236.1 2,041.4 1,894.8 1,785.8 1,745.9 1,689.5 1,661.0 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 5,389.5 5,008.6 4,729.9 4,536.3 4,466.3 4,457.0 4,328.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 13,753.6 12,446.3 13,252.0 12,559.3 12,462.8 12,732.5 12,125.3 

Hispanic or Latino male3,6 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 886.4 897.6 840.5 833.6 830.5 818.1 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 411.6 391.6 343.2 336.0 332.6 331.3 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 921.8 684.6 645.6 662.1 623.4 637.1 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 53.8 39.3 33.5 32.0 32.9 31.5 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.0 24.6 17.4 18.8 17.8 17.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 159.3 147.3 117.1 109.9 104.1 107.7 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 234.0 196.7 138.1 121.5 120.6 120.2 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 341.8 333.6 235.4 217.7 215.1 211.0 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 533.9 528.5 460.6 440.8 444.4 439.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,123.7 1,076.9 983.9 980.9 974.8 965.7 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,368.2 2,429.3 2,382.7 2,432.6 2,368.9 2,287.9 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,369.1 5,557.4 5,369.3 5,362.8 5,379.2 5,395.3 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 12,272.1 13,295.9 13,406.3 13,329.3 13,485.9 13,086.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

156 Health, United States, 2003
Table 35 (page 3 of 4). Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino male6 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,170.9 1,105.6 1,063.2 1,046.7 1,045.5 1,035.4 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 985.9 984.8 970.6 969.2 979.6 978.5 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 865.4 703.8 681.7 662.3 658.1 658.7 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 43.8 37.8 35.2 32.2 33.4 32.4 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 25.7 23.5 22.2 20.8 19.9 20.0 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 123.4 111.5 103.9 102.9 100.8 103.5 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 165.3 163.5 130.8 124.4 124.5 123.0 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 257.1 276.5 232.3 231.0 230.0 233.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 544.5 520.7 487.3 480.2 483.7 497.7 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,479.7 1,322.7 1,246.7 1,204.5 1,187.4 1,170.9 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,434.5 3,188.5 3,105.1 3,062.6 3,023.2 2,930.5 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,920.4 7,367.4 7,157.3 7,098.1 7,088.0 6,977.8 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 18,505.4 18,132.6 17,942.9 17,649.2 17,871.2 17,853.2 

White female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,198.0 1,074.4 944.0 796.1 728.8 718.7 707.8 707.3 716.6 715.3 

All ages, crude ............. 803.3 800.9 812.6 806.1 846.9 883.2 885.0 891.6 910.4 912.3 

Under 1 year ............... 2,566.8 2,007.7 1,614.6 962.5 690.0 574.4 556.2 570.5 542.0 550.5 

1–4 years ................. 112.2 85.2 66.1 49.3 36.1 31.3 28.1 27.6 27.5 25.5 

5–14 years................ 45.1 34.7 29.9 22.9 17.9 16.5 15.3 14.7 14.6 14.1 

15–24 years ............... 71.5 54.9 61.6 55.5 45.9 43.7 43.0 40.6 41.5 41.1 

25–34 years ............... 112.8 85.0 84.1 65.4 61.5 62.9 58.0 56.5 56.2 55.1 

35–44 years ............... 235.8 191.1 193.3 138.2 117.4 125.5 120.6 122.0 123.2 125.7 

45–54 years ............... 546.4 458.8 462.9 372.7 309.3 291.9 281.6 274.8 277.9 281.4 

55–64 years ............... 1,293.8 1,078.9 1,014.9 876.2 822.7 783.4 758.7 733.0 731.0 730.9 

65–74 years ............... 3,242.8 2,779.3 2,470.7 2,066.6 1,923.5 1,913.2 1,880.4 1,893.1 1,893.9 1,868.3 

75–84 years ............... 8,481.5 7,696.6 6,698.7 5,401.7 4,839.1 4,775.3 4,705.8 4,721.8 4,787.8 4,785.3 

85 years and over ........... 19,679.5 19,477.7 15,980.2 14,979.6 14,400.6 14,405.8 14,415.8 14,498.9 14,900.6 14,890.7 

Black or 

African American female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 1,545.5 1,369.7 1,228.7 1,033.3 975.1 955.9 922.1 921.6 933.6 927.6 

All ages, crude ............. 1,002.0 905.0 829.2 733.3 747.9 743.2 720.1 722.6 734.3 733.0 

Under 1 year ............... 

1–4 years4 ................ - - -1,139.3 

4,162.2 

173.3 

3,368.8 

129.4 

2,123.7 1,735.5 1,399.9 1,316.6 

84.4 67.6 59.5 46.9 

1,321.9 

48.8 

1,317.4 

46.1 

1,279.8 

45.3 

5–14 years................ 72.8 53.8 43.8 30.5 27.5 25.4 25.5 21.5 20.9 20.0 

15–24 years ............... 213.1 107.5 111.9 70.5 68.7 68.9 60.4 56.7 58.6 58.3 

25–34 years ............... 393.3 273.2 231.0 150.0 159.5 162.8 129.9 125.7 117.6 121.8 

35–44 years ............... 758.1 568.5 533.0 323.9 298.6 324.9 284.0 281.9 279.4 271.9 

45–54 years ............... 1,576.4 1,177.0 1,043.9 768.2 639.4 612.1 581.8 572.5 569.8 588.3 

55–64 years ............... 3,089.4 2,510.9 1,986.2 1,561.0 1,452.6 1,354.3 1,313.0 1,279.8 1,262.7 1,227.2 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years5 .............. 4,000.2 

8,347.0 

4,064.2 

6,730.0 

3,860.9 

6,691.5 

3,057.4 2,865.7 2,837.5 2,756.1 

6,212.1 5,688.3 5,671.9 5,452.3 

2,744.2 

5,601.0 

2,751.5 

5,742.4 

2,689.6 

5,696.5 

85 years and over ........... - - - 13,052.6 10,706.6 12,367.2 13,309.5 13,073.3 13,280.4 13,252.2 13,805.9 13,941.3 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - 662.4 561.8 643.9 625.3 640.5 668.2 604.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 380.1 330.4 360.1 347.7 354.2 367.1 346.1 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,352.6 688.7 780.6 606.7 743.8 682.6 492.2 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - 87.5 37.8 54.4 56.6 43.8 34.2 39.8 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 33.5 25.5 20.0 18.9 16.2 17.6 17.7 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 90.3 69.0 60.4 52.2 57.5 59.6 58.9 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 178.5 102.3 106.3 103.5 103.9 106.9 84.8 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 286.0 156.4 171.9 164.9 160.4 168.9 171.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 491.4 380.9 349.1 333.4 326.8 298.7 284.9 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 837.1 805.9 876.2 797.7 781.6 852.3 772.1 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,765.5 1,679.4 1,935.6 1,923.0 1,938.1 2,015.8 1,899.8 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 3,612.9 3,073.2 4,067.6 4,016.7 4,000.8 4,266.5 3,850.0 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 8,567.4 8,201.1 9,201.8 9,113.1 10,165.3 10,639.6 9,118.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 157 
Table 35 (page 4 of 4). Death rates for all causes, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Asian or 

Pacific Islander female3 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - 425.9 469.3 446.7 432.6 426.7 427.5 416.8 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 222.5 234.3 250.4 253.9 254.9 262.5 262.3 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - 755.8 518.2 396.6 394.2 436.6 425.3 434.3 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - 35.4 32.0 24.9 26.4 21.3 20.9 20.0 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 21.5 13.0 15.4 14.1 12.8 11.9 11.7 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 32.3 28.8 31.1 30.1 26.2 26.1 22.4 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 45.4 37.5 35.6 29.6 31.3 29.5 27.6 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 89.7 69.9 66.2 70.6 60.4 59.0 65.6 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 214.1 182.7 184.1 159.5 153.7 164.4 155.5 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 440.8 483.4 457.7 408.1 397.8 408.7 390.9 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,027.7 1,089.2 1,037.8 1,091.6 1,062.7 1,070.8 996.4 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 2,833.6 3,127.9 3,089.9 2,992.9 2,892.0 2,930.8 2,882.4 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 7,923.3 10,254.0 9,406.1 9,062.8 9,325.2 9,126.7 9,052.2 

Hispanic or Latino female3,6

All ages, age adjusted2 .......- - - - - - - - - - - - 537.1 546.1 538.8 536.9 555.9 546.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 285.4 281.9 272.9 270.0 277.2 274.6 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 746.6 572.0 562.0 559.0 542.3 553.6 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 42.1 33.1 27.8 26.7 28.7 27.5 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.3 15.0 14.5 13.1 13.3 13.4 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 40.6 37.5 34.5 31.2 32.9 31.7 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 62.9 58.6 48.2 45.0 44.9 43.4 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 109.3 118.9 98.9 94.9 97.4 100.5 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 253.3 238.8 227.0 225.2 224.9 223.8 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 607.5 602.3 593.6 563.5 555.8 548.4 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,453.8 1,457.2 1,442.5 1,465.5 1,448.8 1,423.2 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,351.3 3,506.4 3,524.7 3,530.2 3,675.7 3,624.5 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 10,098.7 10,540.5 10,594.7 10,662.6 11,547.3 11,202.8 

White, non-Hispanic or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 734.6 721.1 712.5 712.8 722.3 721.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 903.6 951.7 964.3 976.5 1,001.3 1,007.3 

Under 1 year ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 655.3 553.9 535.6 556.7 524.6 530.9 

1–4 years ................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 34.0 30.3 27.7 27.4 26.7 24.4 

5–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.6 16.4 15.2 14.8 14.7 13.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 46.0 44.0 44.1 42.0 42.9 42.6 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 60.6 62.2 59.0 57.9 57.8 56.8 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 116.8 124.1 122.0 124.3 125.6 128.1 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 312.1 293.0 284.3 277.4 281.0 285.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 834.5 789.8 767.5 742.5 741.6 742.1 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,940.2 1,925.9 1,896.8 1,910.9 1,915.1 1,891.0 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,887.3 4,794.9 4,732.7 4,753.6 4,817.7 4,819.3 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 14,533.1 14,450.9 14,484.9 14,576.7 14,967.5 14,971.7 

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

4

In 1950 rate is for the age group under 5 years.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix I, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population

Census and Population Estimates. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics


rates in the United States, 1940–60. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files;

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003.

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

158 Health, United States, 2003
Table 36 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for diseases of heart, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 586.8 559.0 492.7 412.1 321.8 293.4 266.5 257.6 

All ages, crude ............. 355.5 369.0 362.0 336.0 289.5 277.0 259.9 252.6 

Under 1 year ............... 3.5 6.6 13.1 22.8 20.1 17.4 13.8 13.0 

1–4 years ................. 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 

5–14 years................ 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 

15–24 years ............... 6.8 4.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.6 

25–34 years ............... 19.4 15.6 11.4 8.3 7.6 8.2 7.6 7.4 

35–44 years ............... 86.4 74.6 66.7 44.6 31.4 31.8 30.2 29.2 

45–54 years ............... 308.6 271.8 238.4 180.2 120.5 109.6 95.7 94.2 

55–64 years ............... 808.1 737.9 652.3 494.1 367.3 320.1 269.9 261.2 

65–74 years ............... 1,839.8 1,740.5 1,558.2 1,218.6 894.3 795.4 701.7 665.6 

75–84 years ............... 4,310.1 4,089.4 3,683.8 2,993.1 2,295.7 2,050.5 1,849.9 1,780.3 

85 years and over ........... 9,150.6 9,317.8 7,891.3 7,777.1 6,739.9 6,391.5 6,063.0 5,926.1 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 697.0 687.6 634.0 538.9 412.4 371.0 331.0 320.0 

All ages, crude ............. 423.4 439.5 422.5 368.6 297.6 278.5 257.0 249.8 

Under 1 year ............... 4.0 7.8 15.1 25.5 21.9 17.7 13.9 13.3 

1–4 years ................. 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.4 

5–14 years................ 2.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 

15–24 years ............... 6.8 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.2 

25–34 years ............... 22.9 20.1 15.2 11.4 10.3 11.0 9.8 9.6 

35–44 years ............... 118.4 112.7 103.2 68.7 48.1 46.9 43.0 41.4 

45–54 years ............... 440.5 420.4 376.4 282.6 183.0 166.1 142.0 140.2 

55–64 years ............... 1,104.5 1,066.9 987.2 746.8 537.3 460.1 383.0 371.7 

65–74 years ............... 2,292.3 2,291.3 2,170.3 1,728.0 1,250.0 1,095.3 950.6 898.3 

75–84 years ............... 4,825.0 4,742.4 4,534.8 3,834.3 2,968.2 2,622.9 2,336.4 2,248.1 

85 years and over ........... 9,659.8 9,788.9 8,426.2 8,752.7 7,418.4 6,993.5 6,561.6 6,430.0 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 484.7 447.0 381.6 320.8 257.0 236.6 218.1 210.9 

All ages, crude ............. 288.4 300.6 304.5 305.1 281.8 275.5 262.6 255.3 

Under 1 year ............... 2.9 5.4 10.9 20.0 18.3 17.0 13.7 12.5 

1–4 years ................. 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 

5–14 years................ 2.2 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 

15–24 years ............... 6.7 3.7 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 

25–34 years ............... 16.2 11.3 7.7 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.2 

35–44 years ............... 55.1 38.2 32.2 21.4 15.1 17.0 17.5 17.2 

45–54 years ............... 177.2 127.5 109.9 84.5 61.0 55.4 51.0 49.8 

55–64 years ............... 510.0 429.4 351.6 272.1 215.7 192.6 165.6 159.3 

65–74 years ............... 1,419.3 1,261.3 1,082.7 828.6 616.8 554.9 497.9 474.0 

75–84 years ............... 3,872.0 3,582.7 3,120.8 2,497.0 1,893.8 1,692.7 1,533.9 1,475.1 

85 years and over ........... 8,796.1 9,016.8 7,591.8 7,350.5 6,478.1 6,159.6 5,862.1 5,720.9 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 700.2 694.5 640.2 539.6 409.2 367.0 327.1 316.7 

All ages, crude ............. 433.0 454.6 438.3 384.0 312.7 294.4 272.9 265.8 

45–54 years ............... 423.6 413.2 365.7 269.8 170.6 153.9 132.1 130.7 

55–64 years ............... 1,081.7 1,056.0 979.3 730.6 516.7 439.2 361.4 351.8 

65–74 years ............... 2,308.3 2,297.9 2,177.2 1,729.7 1,230.5 1,071.8 928.4 877.8 

75–84 years ............... 4,907.3 4,839.9 4,617.6 3,883.2 2,983.4 2,625.6 2,338.8 2,247.0 

85 years and over ........... 9,950.5 10,135.8 8,818.0 8,958.0 7,558.7 7,125.1 6,669.0 6,560.8 

Black or 

African American male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 639.4 615.2 607.3 561.4 485.4 451.3 407.2 392.5 

All ages, crude ............. 346.2 330.6 330.3 301.0 256.8 239.1 218.5 211.1 

45–54 years ............... 622.5 514.0 512.8 433.4 328.9 308.6 255.0 247.2 

55–64 years ............... 1,433.1 1,236.8 1,135.4 987.2 824.0 740.5 660.0 631.2 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years5 .............. 2,139.1 

4,106.1 

2,281.4 

3,533.6 

2,237.8 

3,783.4 

1,847.2 

3,578.8 

1,632.9 

3,107.1 

1,514.1 

2,908.7 

1,346.4 

2,623.5 

1,268.8 

2,597.6 

85 years and over ........... - - - 6,037.9 5,367.6 6,819.5 6,479.6 6,088.5 5,858.8 5,633.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 159 
Table 36 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for diseases of heart, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 320.5 264.1 256.4 245.8 222.2 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 130.6 108.0 101.0 92.3 90.1 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 238.1 173.8 136.2 107.0 108.5 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 496.3 411.0 375.7 294.0 285.0 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 1,009.4 839.1 938.2 856.7 748.2 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 2,062.2 1,788.8 1,858.5 1,890.2 1,655.7 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 4,413.7 3,860.3 3,306.5 3,695.9 3,318.3 

Asian or Pacific Islander male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 286.9 220.7 214.5 198.9 185.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 119.8 88.7 93.2 93.7 90.6 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 112.0 70.4 69.8 60.9 61.1 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 306.7 226.1 205.4 191.0 182.6 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 852.4 623.5 581.0 488.9 482.5 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 2,010.9 1,642.2 1,533.8 1,419.5 1,354.7 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 5,923.0 4,617.8 4,888.9 4,747.5 4,154.2 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 270.0 260.8 249.2 238.2 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 91.0 83.1 77.7 74.7 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 116.4 102.0 92.2 84.3 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 363.0 311.2 272.1 264.8 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 829.9 784.6 737.0 684.8 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,971.3 1,854.0 1,816.0 1,733.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,711.9 5,104.0 5,012.2 4,897.5 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 413.6 369.1 330.0 319.9 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 336.5 320.6 304.0 297.5 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 172.8 155.9 135.0 134.3 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 521.3 443.2 365.6 356.3 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,243.4 1,077.0 935.2 885.1 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,007.7 2,635.3 2,352.6 2,261.9 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,663.4 7,156.4 6,713.7 6,606.6 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 478.0 441.7 376.7 315.9 250.9 230.8 212.8 205.6 

All ages, crude ............. 289.4 306.5 313.8 319.2 298.4 294.7 282.4 274.5 

45–54 years ............... 141.9 103.4 91.4 71.2 50.2 45.5 42.2 40.9 

55–64 years ............... 460.2 383.0 317.7 248.1 192.4 172.0 147.8 141.3 

65–74 years ............... 1,400.9 1,229.8 1,044.0 796.7 583.6 523.2 468.7 445.2 

75–84 years ............... 3,925.2 3,629.7 3,143.5 2,493.6 1,874.3 1,670.3 1,509.0 1,452.4 

85 years and over ........... 9,084.7 9,280.8 7,839.9 7,501.6 6,563.4 6,251.3 5,945.3 5,801.4 

Black or 

African American female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 536.9 488.9 435.6 378.6 327.5 304.0 283.7 277.6 

All ages, crude ............. 287.6 268.5 261.0 249.7 237.0 226.3 216.0 212.6 

45–54 years ............... 525.3 360.7 290.9 202.4 155.3 141.5 125.8 125.0 

55–64 years ............... 1,210.2 952.3 710.5 530.1 442.0 386.0 337.9 332.8 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 1,659.4 3,499.3 

1,680.5 

2,926.9 

1,553.2 1,210.3 1,017.5 938.2 

2,964.1 2,707.2 2,250.9 2,100.7 

838.6 

1,980.3 

815.2 

1,913.1 

85 years and over ........... - - - 5,650.0 5,003.8 5,796.5 5,766.1 5,448.5 5,348.5 5,298.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

160 Health, United States, 2003
Table 36 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for diseases of heart, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 175.4 153.1 164.8 163.0 143.6 

- - - - - - - - - 80.3 77.5 80.2 77.5 71.9 

- - - - - - - - - 65.2 62.0 62.4 42.1 40.2 - - - - - - - - - 193.5 197.0 200.7 162.8 149.4 

- - - - - - - - - 577.2 492.8 514.2 458.3 391.8 - - - - - - - - - 1,364.3 1,050.3 1,184.3 1,239.9 1,044.1 

- - - - - - - - - 2,893.3 2,868.7 3,118.1 3,442.9 3,146.3 

- - - - - - - - - 132.3 149.2 137.6 124.2 115.7 

- - - - - - - - - 57.0 62.0 66.3 67.4 65.0 

- - - - - - - - - 28.6 17.5 20.8 17.8 15.9 - - - - - - - - - 92.9 99.0 89.5 72.7 68.8 

- - - - - - - - - 313.3 323.9 288.3 262.5 229.6 

- - - - - - - - - 1,053.2 1,130.9 1,001.8 927.6 866.2 

- - - - - - - - - 3,211.0 4,161.2 3,942.4 3,558.5 3,367.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 177.2 173.8 172.3 163.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 79.4 76.5 74.6 71.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 43.5 32.0 30.5 28.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 153.2 141.0 122.5 111.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 460.4 419.0 379.0 366.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,259.7 1,231.3 1,236.1 1,169.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 4,440.3 4,653.1 4,828.9 4,605.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 252.6 231.5 213.9 206.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 320.0 319.7 312.3 304.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 50.2 46.1 43.1 41.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 193.6 172.0 149.0 142.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 584.7 525.2 472.3 448.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 1,890.2 1,674.9 1,514.5 1,458.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,615.2 6,265.8 5,962.4 5,822.7 

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appen­

dix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consis­

tency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; numerator data from annual mortality

files; denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003.

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 161 
Table 37 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for cerebrovascular diseases, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 180.7 177.9 147.7 96.2 65.3 63.1 61.6 60.9 

All ages, crude ............. 104.0 108.0 101.9 75.0 57.8 59.2 60.0 59.6 

Under 1 year ............... 5.1 4.1 5.0 4.4 3.8 5.9 2.7 3.3 

1–4 years ................. 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 

5–14 years................ 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

15–24 years ............... 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ............... 4.2 4.7 4.5 2.6 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.5 

35–44 years ............... 18.7 14.7 15.6 8.5 6.4 6.5 5.7 5.8 

45–54 years ............... 70.4 49.2 41.6 25.2 18.7 17.4 15.2 16.0 

55–64 years ............... 194.2 147.3 115.8 65.1 47.9 45.6 40.6 41.0 

65–74 years ............... 554.7 469.2 384.1 219.0 144.2 136.2 130.8 128.6 

75–84 years ............... 1,499.6 1,491.3 1,254.2 786.9 498.0 477.1 469.8 461.3 

85 years and over ........... 2,990.1 3,680.5 3,014.3 2,283.7 1,628.9 1,607.2 1,614.8 1,589.2 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 186.4 186.1 157.4 102.2 68.5 65.9 63.2 62.4 

All ages, crude ............. 102.5 104.5 94.5 63.4 46.7 47.2 47.1 46.9 

Under 1 year ............... 6.4 5.0 5.8 5.0 4.4 6.4 3.3 3.8 

1–4 years ................. 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 * 

5–14 years................ 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

15–24 years ............... 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ............... 4.2 4.5 4.4 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 

35–44 years ............... 17.5 14.6 15.7 8.7 6.8 7.0 5.8 5.8 

45–54 years ............... 67.9 52.2 44.4 27.2 20.5 19.5 16.7 17.5 

55–64 years ............... 205.2 163.8 138.7 74.6 54.3 52.7 46.5 47.2 

65–74 years ............... 589.6 530.7 449.5 258.6 166.6 154.7 147.3 145.0 

75–84 years ............... 1,543.6 1,555.9 1,361.6 866.3 551.1 517.7 500.4 490.8 

85 years and over ........... 3,048.6 3,643.1 2,895.2 2,193.6 1,528.5 1,522.1 1,512.8 1,484.3 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 175.8 170.7 140.0 91.7 62.6 60.5 59.8 59.1 

All ages, crude ............. 105.6 111.4 109.0 85.9 68.4 70.7 72.3 71.8 

Under 1 year ............... 3.7 3.2 4.0 3.8 3.1 5.3 2.1 2.7 

1–4 years ................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 

5–14 years................ 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 

15–24 years ............... 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ............... 4.3 4.9 4.7 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 

35–44 years ............... 19.9 14.8 15.6 8.4 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.7 

45–54 years ............... 72.9 46.3 39.0 23.3 17.0 15.3 13.8 14.5 

55–64 years ............... 183.1 131.8 95.3 56.8 42.2 39.1 35.1 35.3 

65–74 years ............... 522.1 415.7 333.3 188.7 126.7 121.4 117.2 115.1 

75–84 years ............... 1,462.2 1,441.1 1,183.1 740.1 466.2 451.8 449.8 442.1 

85 years and over ........... 2,949.4 3,704.4 3,081.0 2,323.1 1,667.6 1,640.0 1,656.0 1,632.0 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 182.1 181.6 153.7 98.7 65.5 62.9 60.8 59.8 

All ages, crude ............. 100.5 102.7 93.5 63.1 46.9 48.0 48.7 48.4 

45–54 years ............... 53.7 40.9 35.6 21.7 15.4 14.7 12.8 13.6 

55–64 years ............... 182.2 139.0 119.9 64.0 45.7 44.2 38.9 39.7 

65–74 years ............... 569.7 501.0 420.0 239.8 152.9 142.1 136.0 133.8 

75–84 years ............... 1,556.3 1,564.8 1,361.6 852.7 539.2 503.8 490.3 480.0 

85 years and over ........... 3,127.1 3,734.8 3,018.1 2,230.8 1,545.4 1,536.0 1,522.7 1,490.7 

Black or 

African American male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 228.8 238.5 206.4 142.0 102.2 97.0 89.6 89.6 

All ages, crude ............. 122.0 122.9 108.8 73.0 53.0 49.8 45.9 46.1 

45–54 years ............... 211.9 166.1 136.1 82.1 68.4 62.3 48.6 49.5 

55–64 years ............... 522.8 439.9 343.4 189.7 141.7 130.8 117.9 115.4 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years5 .............. 783.6 

1,504.9 

899.2 

1,475.2 

780.1 

1,445.7 

472.3 

1,066.3 

326.9 

721.5 

297.0 

705.9 

274.7 

650.6 

268.5 

659.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - 2,700.0 1,963.1 1,873.2 1,421.5 1,410.1 1,448.3 1,458.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

162 Health, United States, 2003
Table 37 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for cerebrovascular diseases, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 66.4 44.3 51.7 50.0 46.1 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 23.1 16.0 18.4 16.7 16.8 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - * * 25.5 13.8 13.3 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 72.0 39.8 42.6 31.7 48.6 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 170.5 120.3 156.4 143.2 144.7 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 523.9 325.9 351.2 467.9 373.3 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 1,384.7 949.8 1,072.4 865.0 834.9 

Asian or Pacific Islander male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 71.4 59.1 64.0 58.7 58.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 28.7 23.3 27.5 27.0 27.2 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 17.0 15.6 16.5 17.3 15.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 59.9 51.8 59.6 49.0 49.3 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 197.9 167.9 155.6 132.5 135.6 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 619.5 483.9 521.9 459.6 438.7 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 1,399.0 1,196.6 1,382.1 1,401.3 1,415.6 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 46.5 51.2 52.6 50.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.6 16.2 16.1 15.8 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 20.0 20.3 19.5 18.1 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 49.2 46.9 46.1 48.8 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 126.4 138.1 140.8 136.1 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 356.6 373.3 395.2 392.9 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 866.3 1,079.5 1,136.6 1,029.9 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 66.3 62.8 60.8 59.9 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 50.6 51.9 53.9 53.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.9 13.9 12.0 13.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 45.1 43.3 38.0 38.7 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 154.5 141.4 135.0 133.1 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 547.3 506.2 492.8 482.3 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,578.7 1,544.8 1,535.1 1,505.9 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 169.7 165.0 135.5 89.0 60.3 58.6 58.0 57.3 

All ages, crude ............. 103.3 110.1 109.8 88.6 71.6 75.1 77.6 76.9 

45–54 years ............... 55.0 33.8 30.5 18.6 13.5 12.6 10.7 11.2 

55–64 years ............... 156.9 103.0 78.1 48.6 35.8 33.3 29.4 30.2 

65–74 years ............... 498.1 383.3 303.2 172.5 116.1 111.7 108.6 107.3 

75–84 years ............... 1,471.3 1,444.7 1,176.8 728.8 456.5 443.4 442.8 434.2 

85 years and over ........... 3,017.9 3,795.7 3,167.6 2,362.7 1,685.9 1,656.7 1,675.4 1,646.7 

Black or 

African American female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 238.4 232.5 189.3 119.6 84.0 79.4 76.2 76.2 

All ages, crude ............. 128.3 127.7 112.2 77.8 60.7 59.1 57.9 58.3 

45–54 years ............... 248.9 166.2 119.4 61.8 44.1 36.0 35.3 38.1 

55–64 years ............... 567.7 452.0 272.4 138.4 96.9 85.6 78.9 76.4 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 754.4 1,496.7 

830.5 

1,413.1 

673.5 361.7 236.7 222.3 

1,338.3 917.5 595.0 565.1 

201.7 

556.8 

190.9 

549.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - 2,578.9 2,210.5 1,891.6 1,495.2 1,518.4 1,509.1 1,556.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 163 
Table 37 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for cerebrovascular diseases, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 51.2 38.4 46.3 46.4 43.7 

- - - - - - - - - 22.0 19.3 22.0 21.8 21.5 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * 14.4 - - - - - - - - - * 40.7 41.5 41.8 37.9 

- - - - - - - - - 128.3 100.5 114.8 91.3 79.5 - - - - - - - - - 404.2 282.0 364.4 360.5 391.1 

- - - - - - - - - 1,095.5 776.2 983.9 1,123.7 931.5 

- - - - - - - - - 60.8 54.9 48.3 49.0 49.1 

- - - - - - - - - 26.4 24.3 24.2 27.7 28.7 

- - - - - - - - - 20.3 19.7 15.6 14.9 13.3 - - - - - - - - - 43.7 42.1 37.6 39.5 33.3 

- - - - - - - - - 136.1 124.0 101.0 103.6 102.8 

- - - - - - - - - 446.6 396.6 381.8 360.2 386.0 

- - - - - - - - - 1,545.2 1,395.0 1,197.0 1,275.5 1,246.6 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 43.7 42.7 42.2 43.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 20.1 19.4 18.8 19.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 15.2 15.1 11.9 12.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 38.5 36.5 30.3 31.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 102.6 102.3 98.1 95.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 308.5 307.3 317.1 311.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 1,055.3 1,021.0 1,049.2 1,108.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 61.0 58.7 58.4 57.6 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 77.2 81.5 86.1 85.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 13.2 12.3 10.5 10.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 35.7 32.6 29.1 29.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 116.9 111.4 108.8 107.6 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 461.9 445.9 447.0 438.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,714.7 1,666.8 1,693.0 1,661.6 

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appen­

dix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consis­

tency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files;

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003.

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

164 Health, United States, 2003
Table 38 (page 1 of 4). Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 193.9 193.9 198.6 207.9 216.0 209.9 200.8 199.6 

All ages, crude ............. 139.8 149.2 162.8 183.9 203.2 202.2 197.0 196.5 

Under 1 year ............... 8.7 7.2 4.7 3.2 2.3 1.8 1.8 2.4 

1–4 years ................. 11.7 10.9 7.5 4.5 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.7 

5–14 years................ 6.7 6.8 6.0 4.3 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.5 

15–24 years ............... 8.6 8.3 8.3 6.3 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.4 

25–34 years ............... 20.0 19.5 16.5 13.7 12.6 11.6 10.0 9.8 

35–44 years ............... 62.7 59.7 59.5 48.6 43.3 40.1 37.1 36.6 

45–54 years ............... 175.1 177.0 182.5 180.0 158.9 140.4 127.6 127.5 

55–64 years ............... 390.7 396.8 423.0 436.1 449.6 412.3 374.6 366.7 

65–74 years ............... 698.8 713.9 754.2 817.9 872.3 863.3 827.1 816.3 

75–84 years ............... 1,153.3 1,127.4 1,169.2 1,232.3 1,348.5 1,355.4 1,331.5 1,335.6 

85 years and over ........... 1,451.0 1,450.0 1,320.7 1,594.6 1,752.9 1,797.7 1,805.8 1,819.4 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 208.1 225.1 247.6 271.2 280.4 267.5 251.9 248.9 

All ages, crude ............. 142.9 162.5 182.1 205.3 221.3 216.3 208.9 207.2 

Under 1 year ............... 9.7 7.7 4.4 3.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.6 

1–4 years ................. 12.5 12.4 8.3 5.2 3.7 3.6 2.9 3.0 

5–14 years................ 7.4 7.6 6.7 4.9 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.7 

15–24 years ............... 9.7 10.2 10.4 7.8 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.1 

25–34 years ............... 17.7 18.8 16.3 13.4 12.6 11.3 9.7 9.2 

35–44 years ............... 45.6 48.9 53.0 44.0 38.5 36.3 33.3 32.7 

45–54 years ............... 156.2 170.8 183.5 188.7 162.5 141.5 131.7 130.9 

55–64 years ............... 413.1 459.9 511.8 520.8 532.9 475.1 428.4 415.8 

65–74 years ............... 791.5 890.5 1,006.8 1,093.2 1,122.2 1,083.0 1,019.4 1,001.9 

75–84 years ............... 1,332.6 1,389.4 1,588.3 1,790.5 1,914.4 1,847.9 1,767.0 1,760.6 

85 years and over ........... 1,668.3 1,741.2 1,720.8 2,369.5 2,739.9 2,818.7 2,722.2 2,710.7 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 182.3 168.7 163.2 166.7 175.7 173.6 167.6 167.6 

All ages, crude ............. 136.8 136.4 144.4 163.6 186.0 188.8 185.6 186.2 

Under 1 year ............... 7.6 6.8 5.0 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.3 

1–4 years ................. 10.8 9.3 6.7 3.7 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 

5–14 years................ 6.0 6.0 5.2 3.6 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 

15–24 years ............... 7.6 6.5 6.2 4.8 4.1 3.5 3.7 3.6 

25–34 years ............... 22.2 20.1 16.7 14.0 12.6 11.9 10.3 10.4 

35–44 years ............... 79.3 70.0 65.6 53.1 48.1 43.8 40.9 40.4 

45–54 years ............... 194.0 183.0 181.5 171.8 155.5 139.3 123.7 124.2 

55–64 years ............... 368.2 337.7 343.2 361.7 375.2 355.1 325.0 321.3 

65–74 years ............... 612.3 560.2 557.9 607.1 677.4 687.1 669.5 663.6 

75–84 years ............... 1,000.7 924.1 891.9 903.1 1,010.3 1,047.5 1,048.5 1,058.5 

85 years and over ........... 1,299.7 1,263.9 1,096.7 1,255.7 1,372.1 1,404.4 1,436.5 1,456.4 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 210.0 224.7 244.8 265.1 272.2 260.6 246.5 243.9 

All ages, crude ............. 147.2 166.1 185.1 208.7 227.7 225.3 219.5 218.1 

25–34 years ............... 17.7 18.8 16.2 13.6 12.3 11.0 9.5 9.2 

35–44 years ............... 44.5 46.3 50.1 41.1 35.8 34.1 31.9 30.9 

45–54 years ............... 150.8 164.1 172.0 175.4 149.9 132.7 123.5 123.5 

55–64 years ............... 409.4 450.9 498.1 497.4 508.2 456.0 412.7 401.9 

65–74 years ............... 798.7 887.3 997.0 1,070.7 1,090.7 1,056.1 1,002.3 984.3 

75–84 years ............... 1,367.6 1,413.7 1,592.7 1,779.7 1,883.2 1,817.4 1,741.8 1,736.0 

85 years and over ........... 1,732.7 1,791.4 1,772.2 2,375.6 2,715.1 2,789.4 2,696.3 2,693.7 

Black or African American male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 178.9 227.6 291.9 353.4 397.9 374.3 346.1 340.3 

All ages, crude ............. 106.6 136.7 171.6 205.5 221.9 204.8 191.0 188.5 

25–34 years ............... 18.0 18.4 18.8 14.1 15.7 14.8 11.4 10.1 

35–44 years ............... 55.7 72.9 81.3 73.8 64.3 57.2 47.3 48.4 

45–54 years ............... 211.7 244.7 311.2 333.0 302.6 243.9 221.3 214.2 

55–64 years ............... 490.8 579.7 689.2 812.5 859.2 738.1 659.0 626.4 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 636.5 853.5 

938.5 

1,053.3 

1,168.9 

1,624.8 

1,417.2 

2,029.6 

1,613.9 

2,478.3 

1,541.4 

2,449.8 

1,369.8 

2,359.4 

1,363.8 

2,351.8 

85 years and over ........... - - - 1,155.2 1,387.0 2,393.9 3,238.3 3,395.5 3,340.7 3,264.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 165 
Table 38 (page 2 of 4). Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

25–34 years ............... 

35–44 years ............... 45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander male4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

25–34 years ............... 

35–44 years ............... 45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

25–34 years ............... 35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

25–34 years ............... 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White female4 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 140.5 145.8 169.0 169.0 155.8 

- - - - - - - - - 58.1 61.4 67.8 67.3 67.0 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * * - - - - - - - - - * 22.8 14.3 16.1 21.4 

- - - - - - - - - 86.9 86.9 79.2 74.2 70.3 - - - - - - - - - 213.4 246.2 279.8 250.1 255.6 

- - - - - - - - - 613.0 530.6 684.7 708.7 648.0 - - - - - - - - - 936.4 1,038.4 1,346.3 1,297.6 1,152.5 

- - - - - - - - - 1,471.2 1,654.4 1,549.0 1,808.7 1,584.2 

- - - - - - - - - 165.2 172.5 164.3 151.2 150.8 

- - - - - - - - - 81.9 82.7 83.7 84.3 85.2 

- - - - - - - - - 6.3 9.2 8.2 8.5 7.4 

- - - - - - - - - 29.4 27.7 26.1 25.6 26.1 

- - - - - - - - - 108.2 92.6 82.4 80.3 78.5 - - - - - - - - - 298.5 274.6 244.8 229.4 229.2 - - - - - - - - - 581.2 687.2 614.3 569.4 559.4 

- - - - - - - - - 1,147.6 1,229.9 1,167.2 1,055.9 1,086.1 - - - - - - - - - 1,798.7 1,837.0 2,081.3 1,860.4 1,823.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 174.7 180.9 170.6 171.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 65.5 65.4 61.2 61.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 8.0 8.4 6.6 6.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 22.5 24.7 19.8 20.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 96.6 85.0 84.6 79.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 294.0 281.6 268.1 253.1 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 655.5 697.9 668.9 651.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,233.4 1,359.8 1,252.9 1,306.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 2,019.4 2,018.6 1,945.3 2,049.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 276.7 263.5 250.4 247.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 246.2 246.0 245.1 244.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 12.8 11.2 10.1 9.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 36.8 34.8 33.5 32.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 153.9 135.6 126.7 127.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 520.6 464.9 422.3 412.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,109.0 1,069.9 1,019.3 1,002.1 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 1,906.6 1,825.4 1,757.7 1,750.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 2,744.4 2,810.8 2,721.3 2,714.1 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 182.0 167.7 162.5 165.2 174.0 172.1 166.4 166.9 

All ages, crude ............. 139.9 139.8 149.4 170.3 196.1 200.6 198.2 199.4 

25–34 years ............... 20.9 18.8 16.3 13.5 11.9 11.2 10.1 10.1 

35–44 years ............... 74.5 66.6 62.4 50.9 46.2 41.9 38.7 38.2 

45–54 years ............... 185.8 175.7 177.3 166.4 150.9 135.0 120.2 120.1 

55–64 years ............... 362.5 329.0 338.6 355.5 368.5 350.3 320.7 319.7 

65–74 years ............... 616.5 562.1 554.7 605.2 675.1 685.6 669.4 665.6 

75–84 years ............... 1,026.6 939.3 903.5 905.4 1,011.8 1,047.9 1,049.6 1,063.4 

85 years and over ........... 1,348.3 1,304.9 1,126.6 1,266.8 1,372.3 1,405.4 1,438.2 1,459.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

166 Health, United States, 2003
Table 38 (page 3 of 4). Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Black or 

African American female4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 174.1 174.3 173.4 189.5 205.9 203.8 196.9 193.8 

All ages, crude ............. 111.8 113.8 117.3 136.5 156.1 155.8 153.3 151.8 

25–34 years ............... 34.3 31.0 20.9 18.3 18.7 16.5 13.0 13.5 

35–44 years ............... 119.8 102.4 94.6 73.5 67.4 61.7 59.8 58.9 

45–54 years ............... 277.0 254.8 228.6 230.2 209.9 190.6 168.5 173.9 

55–64 years ............... 484.6 442.7 404.8 450.4 482.4 444.9 411.1 391.0 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 477.3 605.3 

541.6 

696.3 

615.8 662.4 773.2 803.5 

763.3 923.9 1,059.9 1,120.8 

772.7 

1,142.6 

753.1 

1,124.0 

85 years and over ........... - - - 728.9 791.5 1,159.9 1,431.3 1,446.2 1,510.4 1,527.7 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

25–34 years ............... 

35–44 years ............... 45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

25–34 years ............... 35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

25–34 years ............... 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003

- - - - - - - - - 94.0 106.9 117.7 113.1 108.3 

- - - - - - - - - 50.4 62.1 64.5 62.4 61.3 

- - - - - - - - - * * 10.2 * * 

- - - - - - - - - 36.9 31.0 29.7 22.1 23.7 

- - - - - - - - - 96.9 104.5 76.9 64.3 59.7 - - - - - - - - - 198.4 213.3 213.2 227.2 200.9 - - - - - - - - - 350.8 438.9 437.0 482.1 458.3 

- - - - - - - - - 446.4 554.3 819.9 780.4 714.0 - - - - - - - - - 786.5 843.7 1,039.4 824.9 983.2 

- - - - - - - - - 93.0 103.0 107.4 102.3 100.7 - - - - - - - - - 54.1 60.5 69.5 71.4 72.1 

- - - - - - - - - 9.5 7.3 9.9 6.8 8.1 - - - - - - - - - 38.7 29.8 27.6 27.3 28.9 

- - - - - - - - - 99.8 93.9 94.4 78.7 78.2 

- - - - - - - - - 174.7 196.2 203.5 185.3 176.5 - - - - - - - - - 301.9 346.2 343.3 367.2 357.4 

- - - - - - - - - 522.1 641.4 681.0 659.5 650.1 

- - - - - - - - - 800.0 971.7 1,092.7 999.5 988.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 111.9 110.8 110.9 110.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 60.7 58.7 58.0 58.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 9.7 8.5 8.3 7.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 34.8 30.7 29.4 30.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.5 89.7 85.1 84.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 205.4 203.0 187.2 192.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 404.8 398.0 404.3 410.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 663.0 706.2 709.8 716.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 1,022.7 1,028.6 1,136.5 1,056.5 

167 
Table 38 (page 4 of 4). Death rates for malignant neoplasms, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

White, not Hispanic or 

Latino female6 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 177.5 174.7 169.4 170.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 210.6 217.3 218.4 220.6 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.9 11.5 10.3 10.5 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 47.0 42.7 39.7 38.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 154.9 137.8 123.0 123.0 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 379.5 359.3 330.5 328.9 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 688.5 697.9 684.6 681.0 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,027.2 1,056.1 1,060.5 1,075.3 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,385.7 1,411.6 1,444.2 1,468.7 

- - - Data not available. 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small 

numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics 

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files; 

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing 

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

168 Health, United States, 2003
Table 39 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung, according 

to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 199 92 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 15.0 24.1 37.1 49.9 59.3 58.4 55.5 56.1 

All ages, crude ............. 12.2 20.3 32.1 45.8 56.8 56.8 54.5 55.3 

Under 25 years ............. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

25–34 years ............... 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 

35–44 years ............... 4.5 6.8 11.0 9.2 6.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 

45–54 years ............... 20.4 29.6 43.4 54.1 46.8 37.5 31.3 31.6 

55–64 years ............... 48.7 75.3 109.1 138.2 160.6 141.6 123.4 122.4 

65–74 years ............... 59.7 108.1 164.5 233.3 288.4 295.4 281.5 284.2 

75–84 years ............... 55.8 91.5 163.2 240.5 333.3 358.9 362.1 370.8 

85 years and over ........... 42.3 65.6 101.7 176.0 242.5 279.9 297.0 302.1 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 24.6 43.6 67.5 85.2 91.1 84.2 76.9 76.7 

All ages, crude ............. 19.9 35.4 53.4 68.6 75.1 70.5 65.4 65.5 

Under 25 years ............. 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 * * 

25–34 years ............... 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 

35–44 years ............... 7.1 10.5 16.1 11.9 8.5 7.0 6.6 6.9 

45–54 years ............... 35.0 50.6 67.5 76.0 59.7 46.3 38.2 38.5 

55–64 years ............... 83.8 139.3 189.7 213.6 222.9 185.3 158.0 154.0 

65–74 years ............... 98.7 204.3 320.8 403.9 430.4 414.3 377.2 377.9 

75–84 years ............... 82.6 167.1 330.8 488.8 572.9 553.8 527.6 532.2 

85 years and over ........... 62.5 107.7 194.0 368.1 513.2 540.3 529.2 521.2 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 5.8 7.5 13.1 24.4 37.1 40.4 40.2 41.3 

All ages, crude ............. 4.5 6.4 11.9 24.3 39.4 43.6 44.1 45.4 

Under 25 years ............. 0.1 0.0 0.0 * * * * * 

25–34 years ............... 0.5 5.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 

35–44 years ............... 1.9 3.2 6.1 6.5 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.3 

45–54 years ............... 5.8 9.2 21.0 33.7 34.5 29.1 24.6 25.0 

55–64 years ............... 13.6 15.4 36.8 72.0 105.0 101.9 91.5 93.3 

65–74 years ............... 23.3 24.4 43.1 102.7 177.6 200.0 203.1 206.9 

75–84 years ............... 32.9 32.8 52.4 94.1 190.1 237.2 254.5 265.6 

85 years and over ........... 28.2 38.8 50.0 91.9 138.1 179.6 203.5 212.8 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 25.1 43.6 67.1 83.8 89.0 82.6 75.6 75.7 

All ages, crude ............. 20.8 36.4 54.6 70.2 77.8 74.0 69.1 69.4 

45–54 years ............... 35.1 49.2 63.3 70.9 55.2 43.2 35.2 35.7 

55–64 years ............... 85.4 139.2 186.8 205.6 213.7 178.9 153.9 150.8 

65–74 years ............... 101.5 207.5 325.0 401.0 422.1 408.0 373.4 374.9 

75–84 years ............... 85.5 170.4 336.7 493.5 572.2 550.8 523.5 529.9 

85 years and over ........... 67.4 109.4 199.6 374.1 516.3 539.3 531.5 522.4 

Black or African American male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 17.8 42.6 75.4 107.6 125.4 115.1 103.0 101.1 

All ages, crude ............. 12.1 28.1 47.7 66.6 73.7 65.6 58.9 58.3 

45–54 years ............... 34.4 68.4 115.4 133.8 114.9 85.2 72.6 70.7 

55–64 years ............... 68.3 146.8 234.3 321.1 358.6 288.5 237.6 223.5 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years5 .............. 53.8 36.2 

168.3 

107.3 

300.5 

271.6 

472.3 

472.9 

585.4 

645.4 

559.5 

667.1 

484.4 

661.0 

488.8 

642.5 

85 years and over ........... - - - 82.8 137.0 311.3 499.5 583.0 574.2 562.8 

American Indian or Alaska Native male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 31.7 47.5 53.6 49.4 42.9 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 14.2 20.0 21.8 20.2 18.1 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - * 26.6 23.8 16.4 14.5 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 72.0 97.8 98.9 96.4 86.0 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 202.8 194.3 261.5 264.5 184.8 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - * 356.2 409.7 343.1 367.9 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 169 
Table 39 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung, according 

to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Asian or

Pacific Islander male4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Black or

African American female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years5 .............. 

85 years and over ........... 

American Indian or Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 43.3 44.2 41.0 39.1 40.9 

- - - - - - - - - 22.1 20.7 20.7 21.6 22.7 

- - - - - - - - - 33.3 18.8 18.6 15.2 17.2 - - - - - - - - - 94.4 74.4 64.4 56.1 61.4 

- - - - - - - - - 174.3 215.8 184.0 196.3 183.2 - - - - - - - - - 301.3 307.5 296.6 311.4 323.2 

- - - - - - - - - * 421.3 439.0 298.0 378.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 44.1 42.2 39.6 39.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 16.2 14.8 13.6 13.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 21.5 17.5 14.2 14.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 80.7 69.9 68.1 58.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 195.5 192.0 175.3 167.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 313.4 324.4 316.0 327.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 420.7 382.8 362.3 368.8 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 91.1 84.1 77.6 77.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - 84.7 81.5 78.1 78.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 57.8 44.9 37.1 37.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 221.0 184.8 160.1 157.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 431.4 416.0 384.4 387.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 580.4 554.8 531.1 537.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 520.9 542.7 536.9 527.3 

5.9 6.8 13.1 24.5 37.6 41.1 41.0 42.3 

4.7 5.9 12.3 25.6 42.4 47.5 48.2 49.9 

5.7 9.0 20.9 33.0 34.6 29.3 24.4 24.8 

13.7 15.1 37.2 71.9 105.7 104.0 93.8 96.1 

23.7 24.8 42.9 104.6 181.3 203.8 208.6 213.2 

34.0 32.7 52.6 95.2 194.6 243.3 259.1 272.7 

29.3 39.1 50.6 92.4 138.3 181.0 205.3 215.9 

4.5 6.8 13.7 24.8 36.8 38.8 39.9 39.8 

2.8 4.3 9.4 18.3 28.1 29.5 30.7 30.8 

7.5 11.3 23.9 43.4 41.3 34.5 31.9 32.9 

12.9 17.9 33.5 79.9 117.9 106.9 94.4 95.3 

14.0 18.1 46.1 88.0 164.3 196.2 192.3 194.1 

* 31.3 49.1 79.4 148.1 183.2 234.9 224.3 

- - - 34.2 44.8 85.8 134.9 158.9 184.4 185.9 

- - - - - - - - - 11.7 19.3 25.9 27.3 24.8 

- - - - - - - - - 6.0 11.2 13.8 14.9 14.0 

- - - - - - - - - * 22.9 * * 12.1 

- - - - - - - - - * 53.7 45.7 71.2 52.6 - - - - - - - - - * 78.5 134.6 146.8 151.5 - - - - - - - - - * 111.8 209.5 190.2 136.3 - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

170 Health, United States, 2003
Table 39 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung, according 

to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 15.4 18.9 21.4 19.3 18.4 

- - - - - - - - - 8.4 10.5 13.0 13.0 12.6 

- - - - - - - - - 13.5 11.3 11.6 11.5 9.9 - - - - - - - - - 24.6 38.3 37.6 30.4 30.4 

- - - - - - - - - 62.4 71.6 84.2 82.8 77.0 - - - - - - - - - 117.7 137.9 153.5 130.2 135.0 

- - - - - - - - - * 172.9 235.5 217.0 175.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 14.1 14.3 14.6 14.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 8.7 7.1 6.7 7.1 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 25.1 25.5 23.1 22.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 66.8 59.2 64.0 66.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 94.3 111.0 102.3 112.3 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 118.2 128.3 162.2 137.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 39.0 42.5 42.7 44.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 46.2 52.3 54.3 56.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 36.6 31.0 26.1 26.4 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 111.3 109.4 99.5 102.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 186.4 210.4 217.5 222.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - 199.1 247.2 265.0 279.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 139.0 181.6 206.2 218.0 

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics 

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files; 

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing 

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 171 
Table 40 (page 1 of 2). Death rates for malignant neoplasm of breast for females, according to race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ................... 31.9 31.7 32.1 31.9 33.3 30.5 26.6 26.8 

All ages, crude ......................... 24.7 26.1 28.4 30.6 34.0 32.2 28.9 29.2 

Under 25 years ......................... * * * * * * * * 

25–34 years ........................... 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.3 

35–44 years ........................... 20.8 20.2 20.4 17.9 17.8 14.9 12.0 12.4 

45–54 years ........................... 46.9 51.4 52.6 48.1 45.4 41.0 32.9 33.0 

55–64 years ........................... 69.9 70.8 77.6 80.5 78.6 69.4 59.2 59.3 

65–74 years ........................... 95.0 90.0 93.8 101.1 111.7 102.8 88.9 88.3 

75–84 years ........................... 139.8 129.9 127.4 126.4 146.3 140.1 128.9 128.9 

85 years and over ....................... 195.5 191.9 157.1 169.3 196.8 200.2 200.8 205.7 

White4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ................... 32.4 32.0 32.5 32.1 33.2 30.1 26.0 26.3 

All ages, crude ......................... 25.7 27.2 29.9 32.3 35.9 33.8 30.2 30.7 

35–44 years ........................... 20.8 19.7 20.2 17.3 17.1 14.0 10.8 11.3 

45–54 years ........................... 47.1 51.2 53.0 48.1 44.3 38.9 30.9 31.2 

55–64 years ........................... 70.9 71.8 79.3 81.3 78.5 68.3 57.5 57.9 

65–74 years ........................... 96.3 91.6 95.9 103.7 113.3 103.3 88.9 89.3 

75–84 years ........................... 143.6 132.8 129.6 128.4 148.2 141.4 129.5 130.2 

85 years and over ....................... 204.2 199.7 161.9 171.7 198.0 202.6 202.9 205.5 

Black or

African American 4

All ages, age adjusted3 ...................

All ages, crude .........................

35–44 years ........................... 

45–54 years ........................... 

55–64 years ........................... 65–74 years ........................... 

75–84 years5 .......................... 

85 years and over ....................... 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ................... All ages, crude ......................... 

35–44 years ........................... 45–54 years ........................... 

55–64 years ........................... 

65–74 years ........................... 

75–84 years ........................... 

85 years and over ....................... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander4

All ages, age adjusted3 ...................

All ages, crude .........................

35–44 years ........................... 

45–54 years ........................... 

55–64 years ........................... 

65–74 years ........................... 75–84 years ........................... 

85 years and over ....................... 

Hispanic or Latino4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ................... 

All ages, crude ......................... 

35–44 years ........................... 

45–54 years ........................... 55–64 years ........................... 

65–74 years ........................... 75–84 years ........................... 

85 years and over ....................... 

See footnotes at end of table. 

25.3 27.9 28.9 31.7 38.1 38.0 35.1 34.5 

16.4 18.7 19.7 22.9 29.0 29.6 28.2 27.9 

21.0 24.8 24.4 24.1 25.8 22.9 21.7 20.9 

46.5 54.4 52.0 52.7 60.5 61.9 53.0 51.5 

64.3 63.2 64.7 79.9 93.1 89.1 82.2 80.9 

67.0 72.3 77.3 84.3 112.2 117.9 106.2 98.6 

81.0 87.5 101.8 114.1 140.5 147.2 145.4 139.8 

- - - 92.1 112.1 149.9 201.5 192.7 199.3 238.7 

- - - - - - - - - 10.8 13.7 15.0 15.5 13.6 

- - - - - - - - - 6.1 8.6 9.0 9.1 8.7 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

- - - - - - - - - * 23.9 21.6 16.1 14.4 - - - - - - - - - * * 37.4 31.6 40.0 

- - - - - - - - - * * 46.3 69.4 42.5 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * 71.8 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

- - - - - - - - - 11.9 13.7 13.9 12.7 12.3 

- - - - - - - - - 8.2 9.3 10.8 10.0 10.2 

- - - - - - - - - 10.4 8.4 8.0 6.4 8.1 

- - - - - - - - - 23.4 26.4 29.1 19.8 22.3 

- - - - - - - - - 35.7 33.8 37.9 36.7 31.3 - - - - - - - - - * 38.5 36.6 37.5 34.7 - - - - - - - - - * 48.0 42.3 44.6 37.5 

- - - - - - - - - * * * 77.7 68.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 19.5 18.7 16.4 16.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 11.5 10.6 9.3 9.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 11.7 9.5 8.3 8.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 32.8 27.7 23.9 23.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - 45.8 45.0 36.6 39.1 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 64.8 58.0 49.1 54.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - 67.2 80.9 71.8 74.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 102.8 115.6 127.9 105.8 

172 Health, United States, 2003
Table 40 (page 2 of 2). Death rates for malignant neoplasm of breast for females, according to race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

White, not Hispanic or Latino6 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 33.9 30.6 26.6 26.8 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 38.5 36.6 33.3 33.8 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.5 14.4 11.1 11.6 

45–54 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 45.2 39.5 31.5 31.7 

55–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 80.6 69.5 58.9 59.2 

65–74 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 115.7 105.4 91.2 91.4 

75–84 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 151.4 143.2 131.5 132.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 201.5 204.4 204.9 208.3 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small 

numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; numerator data from annual mortality 

files; denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the 

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 173 
Table 41 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1980–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 

Comparability 

modified 

19981 19991 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 28.3 37.2 40.1 41.1 41.8 43.8 45.4 44.2 

All ages, crude ............. 24.7 34.9 38.6 40.0 40.8 42.8 44.5 43.4 

Under 1 year ............... 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 

1–4 years ................. 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 

5–14 years................ 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 

15–24 years ............... 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ............... 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 

35–44 years ............... 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 

45–54 years ............... 9.8 9.1 8.7 8.3 8.0 8.4 8.5 8.6 

55–64 years ............... 42.7 48.9 46.8 45.7 44.1 46.2 47.5 44.2 

65–74 years ............... 129.1 152.5 159.6 163.6 167.4 175.4 177.2 169.4 

75–84 years ............... 224.4 321.1 349.3 356.2 363.7 381.1 397.8 386.1 

85 years and over ........... 274.0 433.3 520.1 556.8 572.2 599.6 646.0 648.6 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 49.9 55.5 54.8 54.6 54.4 57.0 58.7 55.8 

All ages, crude ............. 35.1 40.8 41.4 41.9 42.2 44.2 45.6 43.5 

Under 1 year ............... 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.3 * 1.2 

1–4 years ................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

5–14 years................ 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 

15–24 years ............... 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 

25–34 years ............... 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 

35–44 years ............... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 

45–54 years ............... 12.1 9.4 8.8 8.6 8.0 8.4 8.6 9.0 

55–64 years ............... 59.9 58.6 52.3 49.6 48.6 50.9 52.3 47.8 

65–74 years ............... 210.0 204.0 195.6 199.1 199.1 208.6 210.7 195.2 

75–84 years ............... 437.4 500.0 483.8 471.9 476.4 499.2 513.2 488.5 

85 years and over ........... 583.4 815.1 889.8 912.0 900.6 943.6 996.7 967.9 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 14.9 26.6 31.8 33.4 34.4 36.0 37.7 37.4 

All ages, crude ............. 15.0 29.2 36.0 38.1 39.5 41.4 43.4 43.2 

Under 1 year ............... 1.3 1.2 * * * * * * 

1–4 years ................. * * * * * * 0.3 0.3 

5–14 years................ 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 

15–24 years ............... 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 

25–34 years ............... 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 

35–44 years ............... 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 

45–54 years ............... 7.7 8.8 8.7 8.0 8.1 8.5 8.4 8.3 

55–64 years ............... 27.6 40.3 41.9 42.2 40.1 42.0 43.1 41.0 

65–74 years ............... 67.1 112.3 130.8 134.8 141.7 148.5 149.8 148.2 

75–84 years ............... 98.7 214.2 265.3 282.3 291.1 305.0 322.9 319.2 

85 years and over ........... 138.7 286.0 377.7 417.5 441.7 462.8 504.6 518.5 

White male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 51.6 56.6 55.9 55.8 55.7 58.4 60.0 57.2 

All ages, crude ............. 37.9 44.3 45.5 46.3 46.7 48.9 50.6 48.3 

35–44 years ............... 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 

45–54 years ............... 11.4 8.6 8.1 8.1 7.4 7.8 8.1 8.4 

55–64 years ............... 60.0 58.7 52.7 50.3 49.2 51.6 53.1 48.6 

65–74 years ............... 218.4 208.1 200.0 204.7 205.7 215.5 217.3 201.4 

75–84 years ............... 459.8 513.5 497.9 483.4 489.8 513.2 525.4 503.6 

85 years and over ........... 611.2 847.0 918.3 943.1 930.5 975.0 1,029.4 997.4 

Black or African American male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 34.0 47.6 47.4 46.7 46.4 48.6 51.5 47.5 

All ages, crude ............. 19.3 25.2 24.4 23.9 23.9 25.0 26.2 24.3 

35–44 years ............... 5.8 5.3 4.3 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.8 

45–54 years ............... 19.7 18.8 16.9 14.3 14.5 15.2 15.3 15.0 

55–64 years ............... 66.6 67.4 60.5 54.7 54.4 57.0 59.3 54.6 

65–74 years ............... 142.0 184.5 178.7 175.9 170.1 178.2 184.6 176.9 

75–84 years ............... 229.8 390.9 370.0 381.1 381.8 400.1 434.4 370.3 

85 years and over ........... 271.6 498.0 624.1 617.5 613.5 642.8 701.9 693.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

174 Health, United States, 2003
Table 41 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1980–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 

Comparability 

modified 

19981 19991 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male3 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 23.0 38.3 35.6 46.8 45.7 47.9 41.8 43.7 

All ages, crude ............. 8.4 13.8 12.3 15.8 15.3 16.0 14.0 15.3 

35–44 years ............... * * * * * * * * 

45–54 years ............... * * * * * * * * 

55–64 years ............... * * 36.5 48.1 41.4 43.4 34.2 46.4 

65–74 years ............... * 135.7 132.1 127.9 140.0 146.7 165.0 111.3 

75–84 years ............... * 363.8 307.3 430.8 413.5 433.3 393.0 416.6 

85 years and over ........... * * * 806.7 789.3 827.0 576.7 770.7 

Asian or 

Pacific Islander male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 21.5 29.8 28.9 28.8 26.0 27.2 29.6 28.3 

All ages, crude ............. 8.7 11.3 11.8 12.4 11.4 11.9 13.1 12.6 

35–44 years ............... * * * * * * * * 

45–54 years ............... * * * * * * * 4.8 

55–64 years ............... * 22.1 15.7 15.9 16.3 17.1 14.3 8.8 

65–74 years ............... 70.6 91.4 87.9 81.4 71.0 74.4 81.9 71.3 

75–84 years ............... 155.7 258.6 240.6 263.9 213.1 223.3 270.6 254.3 

85 years and over ........... 472.4 615.2 650.4 604.9 617.1 646.6 652.3 670.7 

Hispanic or Latino male3,4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino male4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

35–44 years ............... 45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

- - - 28.6 31.8 31.5 31.1 32.6 33.0 28.8 

- - - 8.4 8.9 8.6 8.5 8.9 8.9 8.0 

- - - * 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 

- - - 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.4 

- - - 17.2 19.1 18.0 17.9 18.8 17.6 18.2 - - - 81.0 82.4 81.4 77.7 81.4 81.9 72.4 

- - - 252.4 292.0 248.9 272.2 285.2 272.7 250.3 

- - - 613.9 689.0 810.9 725.9 760.6 836.8 671.1 

- - - 57.9 56.6 56.8 56.8 59.5 61.3 58.5 

- - - 48.5 50.2 51.8 52.6 55.1 57.3 55.1 

- - - 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 

- - - 9.0 8.4 8.5 7.7 8.1 8.5 8.9 - - - 61.3 54.6 52.6 51.4 53.9 55.6 50.8 

- - - 213.4 204.3 210.8 212.4 222.6 224.9 208.8 

- - - 523.7 501.7 491.0 497.4 521.2 534.9 513.6 

- - - 860.6 922.6 944.2 935.4 980.1 1,033.5 1,008.6 

15.5 27.8 33.3 35.0 36.1 37.8 39.7 39.5 

16.4 32.8 40.8 43.5 45.1 47.3 49.8 49.7 

1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 

7.6 8.3 8.4 7.7 7.6 8.0 8.1 7.9 

28.7 41.9 44.0 44.3 42.3 44.3 45.6 43.2 

71.0 118.8 139.0 143.7 151.4 158.6 160.3 159.6 

75–84 years ............... 104.0 226.3 279.5 299.0 308.3 323.0 341.5 339.1 

85 years and over ........... 144.2 298.4 395.5 436.9 462.7 484.8 529.7 544.8 

Black or 

African American female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 9.1 16.6 20.2 20.8 21.9 22.9 23.4 22.7 

All ages, crude ............. 6.8 12.6 15.5 16.0 16.9 17.7 18.0 17.6 

35–44 years ............... 3.4 3.8 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.7 

45–54 years ............... 9.3 14.0 12.8 12.0 14.0 14.7 12.6 13.4 

55–64 years ............... 20.8 33.4 34.7 35.9 34.0 35.6 34.9 35.3 

65–74 years ............... 32.7 64.7 78.7 81.9 85.5 89.6 88.9 82.9 

75–84 years ............... 41.1 96.0 132.7 131.6 143.4 150.3 166.4 158.4 

85 years and over ........... 63.2 133.0 185.8 214.1 225.6 236.4 254.5 255.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 175 
Table 41 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1980–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1980 1990 1995 1997 1998 

Comparability 

modified 

19981 19991 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female3

All ages, age adjusted2 .......

All ages, crude .............

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female3,4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

35–44 years ............... 

45–54 years ............... 

55–64 years ............... 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female4 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

7.7 16.8 22.8 21.2 24.0 25.1 30.4 26.2 

3.8 8.7 11.5 10.8 11.8 12.4 14.7 13.4 

* * * * * * * * 

* * * * * * * * 

* * 38.8 32.8 28.6 30.0 39.6 31.6 

* 56.4 79.5 88.2 118.6 124.3 109.1 136.8 

* 116.7 191.3 156.4 192.9 202.1 301.1 175.8 

* * * 269.9 259.1 271.5 322.8 362.2 

5.8 11.0 12.1 12.7 11.3 11.8 12.1 11.7 

2.6 5.2 6.3 6.9 6.2 6.5 7.0 6.8 

* * * * * * * * 

* * 3.6 * * * * * 

* 15.2 9.6 8.9 6.4 6.7 7.7 6.2 

* 26.5 29.2 31.5 28.0 29.3 39.9 29.2 

* 80.6 113.2 115.4 91.6 96.0 94.1 88.9 

* 232.5 227.8 261.0 273.0 286.0 268.0 299.5 

- - - 13.4 16.9 16.6 15.6 16.3 17.7 16.3 

- - - 6.3 7.7 7.4 7.0 7.3 8.0 7.2 

- - - * 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.3 

- - - 4.9 4.6 4.4 3.2 3.4 4.2 3.3 

- - - 14.4 12.9 12.0 12.0 12.6 12.0 10.8 - - - 36.6 43.1 40.3 40.6 42.5 47.5 38.0 

- - - 101.1 125.0 130.6 131.1 137.4 142.9 136.0 

- - - 269.0 402.6 392.5 334.0 350.0 391.0 387.8 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - 28.5 34.0 35.9 37.1 38.9 40.8 40.7 

All ages, crude ............. - - - 35.7 44.7 48.2 50.4 52.8 55.9 56.2 

35–44 years ............... - - - 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 

45–54 years ............... - - - 8.5 8.5 8.0 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.3 

55–64 years ............... - - - 43.7 46.2 46.8 44.6 46.7 48.3 45.8 

65–74 years ............... - - - 122.8 143.0 149.3 157.9 165.4 167.4 167.6 

75–84 years ............... - - - 231.9 284.5 304.5 314.6 329.6 348.8 347.2 

85 years and over ........... - - - 302.1 393.7 436.4 465.3 487.5 532.8 548.7 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

- - - Data not available.

1

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

2

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

4

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; numerator data from annual mortality 

files; denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the 

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

176 Health, United States, 2003
Table 42 (page 1 of 2). Death rates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, according to sex, 

race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1987 1990 1995 1997 1998 

Comparability 

modified 

19981 19991 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ................. 5.6 10.2 16.2 6.0 4.9 5.6 5.3 5.2 

All ages, crude ....................... 5.6 10.1 16.2 6.1 4.9 5.6 5.3 5.1 

Under 1 year ........................ 2.3 2.7 1.5 * * * * * 

1–4 years........................... 0.7 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 * 

5–14 years .......................... 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 

15–24 years ......................... 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ......................... 11.7 19.7 28.3 9.7 7.1 8.1 6.8 6.1 

35–44 years ......................... 14.0 27.4 44.2 16.0 12.8 14.7 13.8 13.1 

45–54 years ......................... 8.0 15.2 26.0 10.3 8.9 10.2 10.7 11.0 

55–64 years ......................... 3.5 6.2 10.9 4.8 4.3 4.9 4.8 5.1 

65–74 years ......................... 1.3 2.0 3.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.2 

75–84 years ......................... 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 

85 years and over ..................... * * * * * * * * 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted2 ................. 10.4 18.5 27.3 9.6 7.6 8.7 8.2 7.9 

All ages, crude ....................... 10.2 18.5 27.6 9.7 7.6 8.7 8.2 7.9 

Under 1 year ........................ 2.2 2.4 1.7 * * * * * 

1–4 years........................... 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.3 * * * * 

5–14 years .......................... 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 

15–24 years ......................... 2.2 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 

25–34 years ......................... 20.7 34.5 45.5 14.4 10.0 11.4 9.5 8.0 

35–44 years ......................... 26.3 50.2 75.5 25.4 20.0 22.9 21.0 19.8 

45–54 years ......................... 15.5 29.1 46.2 17.1 14.8 16.9 17.5 17.8 

55–64 years ......................... 6.8 12.0 19.7 8.3 7.2 8.2 8.3 8.7 

65–74 years ......................... 2.4 3.7 6.4 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.8 

75–84 years ......................... 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 

85 years and over ..................... * * * * * * * * 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted2 ................. 1.1 2.2 5.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 

All ages, crude ....................... 1.1 2.2 5.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 

Under 1 year ........................ 2.5 3.0 1.2 * * * * * 

1–4 years........................... 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.4 * * * * 

5–14 years .......................... * 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 

15–24 years ......................... 0.3 0.7 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 

25–34 years ......................... 2.8 4.9 10.9 4.9 4.2 4.8 4.1 4.2 

35–44 years ......................... 2.1 5.2 13.3 6.7 5.7 6.5 6.7 6.5 

45–54 years ......................... 0.8 1.9 6.6 3.7 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.4 

55–64 years ......................... 0.5 1.1 2.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 

65–74 years ......................... 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 

75–84 years ......................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

85 years and over ..................... * * * * * * * * 

All ages, age adjusted2 

White male.......................... 8.7 15.7 20.4 5.9 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 

Black or African American male ........... 26.2 46.3 89.0 40.9 33.2 38.0 36.1 35.1 

American Indian or Alaska Native male ...... * 3.3 10.5 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 3.5 

Asian or Pacific Islander male ............ 2.5 4.3 6.0 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 

Hispanic or Latino male3 ................ 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male3 ........ 18.8 10.7 

28.8 

14.1 

40.8 

17.9 

14.0 

4.8 

10.2 

3.7 

11.7 

4.2 

10.9 

4.0 

10.6 

3.8 

White female ........................ 0.6 1.1 2.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 

Black or African American female .......... 4.6 10.1 24.4 13.7 12.0 13.7 13.1 13.2 

American Indian or Alaska Native female .... * * 2.5 1.0 0.6 * 1.0 1.0 

Asian or Pacific Islander female ........... * * 0.6 0.2 0.3 * 0.2 0.2 

Hispanic or Latino female3 ............... 

White, not Hispanic or Latino female3 ....... 

2.1 

0.5 

3.8 

0.7 

8.8 

1.7 

3.3 

0.7 

2.8 

0.5 

3.2 

0.6 

3.0 

0.7 

2.9 

0.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 177 
Table 42 (page 2 of 2). Death rates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, according to sex, 

race, Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1987 1990 1995 1997 1998 

Comparability 

modified 

19981 19991 2000 

Age 25–44 years Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All persons.......................... 12.7 23.2 36.3 12.9 10.1 11.6 10.5 9.8 

White male.......................... 19.2 35.0 46.1 12.9 9.6 11.0 9.7 8.8 

Black or African American male ........... 60.2 102.0 179.4 75.2 58.1 66.5 59.3 55.4 

American Indian or Alaska Native male ...... * 7.7 28.5 9.5 7.5 8.6 9.1 5.5 

Asian or Pacific Islander male ............ 4.1 8.1 12.1 3.3 2.4 2.7 2.4 1.9 

Hispanic or Latino male3 ................ 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male3 ........ 36.8 23.3 

59.3 

31.6 

73.9 23.3 16.6 19.0 

41.2 10.9 8.1 9.3 

16.5 

8.2 

14.3 

7.4 

White female ........................ 1.2 2.3 5.9 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 

Black or African American female .......... 11.6 23.6 53.6 28.6 25.5 29.2 26.6 26.7 

American Indian or Alaska Native female .... * * * * * * * * 

Asian or Pacific Islander female ........... * * 1.2 * * * * * 

Hispanic or Latino female3 ............... 

White, not Hispanic or Latino female3 ....... 

4.9 

1.0 

8.9 

1.5 

17.2 6.2 4.6 5.3 

4.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 

5.3 

1.6 

4.6 

1.6 

Age 45–64 years 

All persons.......................... 5.8 11.1 19.9 8.1 7.0 8.0 8.4 8.7 

White male.......................... 9.9 18.6 26.0 7.9 6.6 7.6 7.8 8.1 

Black or African American male ........... 27.3 53.0 133.2 69.3 60.9 69.7 70.7 71.6 

American Indian or Alaska Native male ...... * * * * * * * * 

Asian or Pacific Islander male ............ * 6.5 9.1 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 

Hispanic or Latino male3 ................ White, not Hispanic or Latino male3 ........ 

25.8 

12.6 

37.9 

16.9 

67.1 

22.4 

25.1 

6.3 

18.3 

5.4 

20.9 

6.2 

21.2 

6.4 

23.3 

6.5 

White female ........................ 0.5 0.9 2.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 

Black or African American female .......... 2.6 7.5 27.0 17.5 15.4 17.6 18.6 19.6 

American Indian or Alaska Native female .... * * * * * * * * 

Asian or Pacific Islander female ........... * * * * * * * *

Hispanic or Latino female3 ...............

White, not Hispanic or Latino female3

* 3.1 12.6 5.4 4.9 5.6 5.1 ....... 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

1

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

2

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and nonHispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are 

known to be underestimated. See Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin. Categories for the coding and classification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease were introduced in the United States in 1987. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the 

applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for data years shown. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Data for additional years are available 

(see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; numerator data from annual mortality 

files; denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1987–96 prepared by the 

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

178 Health, United States, 2003

2.1 

5.8 

0.9 
Table 44 (page 1 of 4). Death rates for motor vehicle-related injuries, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 24.6 23.1 27.6 22.3 18.5 16.3 15.2 15.4 

All ages, crude ............. 23.1 21.3 26.9 23.5 18.8 16.3 15.2 15.4 

Under 1 year ............... 8.4 8.1 9.8 7.0 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.4 

1–14 years................ 9.8 8.6 10.5 8.2 6.0 5.3 4.3 4.3 

1–4 years ............... 11.5 10.0 11.5 9.2 6.3 5.2 4.2 4.2 

5–14 years .............. 8.8 7.9 10.2 7.9 5.9 5.3 4.3 4.3 

15–24 years ............... 34.4 38.0 47.2 44.8 34.1 28.9 26.2 26.9 

15–19 years.............. 29.6 33.9 43.6 43.0 33.1 28.1 25.9 26.0 

20–24 years.............. 38.8 42.9 51.3 46.6 35.0 29.7 26.5 28.0 

25–34 years ............... 24.6 24.3 30.9 29.1 23.6 19.2 16.9 17.3 

35–44 years ............... 20.3 19.3 24.9 20.9 16.9 15.3 14.9 15.3 

45–64 years ............... 25.2 23.0 26.5 18.0 15.7 14.1 13.8 14.3 

45–54 years.............. 22.2 21.4 25.5 18.6 15.6 13.8 13.6 14.2 

55–64 years.............. 29.0 25.1 27.9 17.4 15.9 14.5 14.2 14.4 

65 years and over ........... 43.1 34.7 36.2 22.5 23.1 22.6 22.4 21.4 

65–74 years.............. 39.1 31.4 32.8 19.2 18.6 17.5 17.8 16.5 

75–84 years.............. 52.7 41.8 43.5 28.1 29.1 28.4 26.5 25.7 

85 years and over ......... 45.1 37.9 34.2 27.6 31.2 31.0 30.4 30.4 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 38.5 35.4 41.5 33.6 26.5 22.8 21.3 21.7 

All ages, crude ............. 35.4 31.8 39.7 35.3 26.7 22.4 20.9 21.3 

Under 1 year ............... 9.1 8.6 9.3 7.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.6 

1–14 years................ 12.3 10.7 13.0 10.0 7.0 6.1 5.0 4.9 

1–4 years ............... 13.0 11.5 12.9 10.2 6.9 5.6 4.7 4.7 

5–14 years .............. 11.9 10.4 13.1 9.9 7.0 6.3 5.1 5.0 

15–24 years ............... 56.7 61.2 73.2 68.4 49.5 40.5 36.0 37.4 

15–19 years.............. 46.3 51.7 64.1 62.6 45.5 36.1 33.1 33.9 

20–24 years.............. 66.7 73.2 84.4 74.3 53.3 45.0 39.1 41.2 

25–34 years ............... 40.8 40.1 49.4 46.3 35.7 28.1 24.7 25.5 

35–44 years ............... 32.5 29.9 37.7 31.7 24.7 21.7 21.1 22.0 

45–64 years ............... 37.7 33.3 38.9 26.5 21.9 19.5 19.3 20.2 

45–54 years.............. 33.6 31.6 37.2 27.6 22.0 19.3 19.4 20.4 

55–64 years.............. 43.1 35.6 40.9 25.4 21.7 19.6 19.3 19.8 

65 years and over ........... 66.6 52.1 54.4 33.9 32.1 30.7 31.3 29.5 

65–74 years.............. 59.1 45.8 47.3 27.3 24.2 22.2 23.3 21.7 

75–84 years.............. 85.0 66.0 68.2 44.3 41.2 39.9 38.0 35.6 

85 years and over ......... 78.1 62.7 63.1 56.1 64.5 61.5 59.8 57.5 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 11.5 11.7 14.9 11.8 11.0 10.3 9.6 9.5 

All ages, crude ............. 10.9 11.0 14.7 12.3 11.3 10.4 9.7 9.7 

Under 1 year ............... 7.6 7.5 10.4 6.7 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.2 

1–14 years................ 7.2 6.3 7.9 6.3 4.9 4.4 3.6 3.7 

1–4 years ............... 10.0 8.4 10.0 8.1 5.6 4.8 3.8 3.8 

5–14 years .............. 5.7 5.4 7.2 5.7 4.7 4.2 3.6 3.6 

15–24 years ............... 12.6 15.1 21.6 20.8 17.9 16.8 15.9 15.9 

15–19 years.............. 12.9 16.0 22.7 22.8 20.0 19.7 18.3 17.5 

20–24 years.............. 12.2 14.0 20.4 18.9 16.0 13.8 13.4 14.2 

25–34 years ............... 9.3 9.2 13.0 12.2 11.5 10.2 8.9 8.8 

35–44 years ............... 8.5 9.1 12.9 10.4 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.8 

45–64 years ............... 12.6 13.1 15.3 10.3 10.1 9.0 8.6 8.7 

45–54 years.............. 10.9 11.6 14.5 10.2 9.6 8.4 8.0 8.2 

55–64 years.............. 14.9 15.2 16.2 10.5 10.8 9.9 9.5 9.5 

65 years and over ........... 21.9 20.3 23.1 15.0 17.2 17.0 16.1 15.8 

65–74 years.............. 20.6 19.0 21.6 13.0 14.1 13.7 13.3 12.3 

75–84 years.............. 25.2 23.0 27.2 18.5 21.9 21.2 19.1 19.2 

85 years and over ......... 22.1 22.0 18.0 15.2 18.3 19.3 18.5 19.3 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 37.9 34.8 40.4 33.8 26.3 22.6 21.3 21.8 

All ages, crude ............. 35.1 31.5 39.1 35.9 26.7 22.4 21.1 21.6 

Under 1 year ............... 9.1 8.8 9.1 7.0 4.8 4.3 5.0 4.2 

1–14 years................ 12.4 10.6 12.5 9.8 6.6 5.9 4.8 4.8 

15–24 years ............... 58.3 62.7 75.2 73.8 52.5 42.4 37.8 39.6 

25–34 years ............... 39.1 38.6 47.0 46.6 35.4 27.9 24.6 25.1 

35–44 years ............... 30.9 28.4 35.2 30.7 23.7 21.1 20.9 21.8 

45–64 years ............... 36.2 31.7 36.5 25.2 20.6 18.7 18.8 19.7 

65 years and over ........... 67.1 52.1 54.2 32.7 31.4 30.1 31.2 29.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

180 Health, United States, 2003
Table 44 (page 2 of 4). Death rates for motor vehicle-related injuries, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Black or 

African American male4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 34.8 39.6 51.0 34.2 29.9 26.1 24.3 24.4 

All ages, crude ............. 37.2 33.1 44.3 31.1 28.1 24.1 22.2 22.5 

Under 1 year ............... 

1–14 years5 ............... - - -10.4 

* 

11.2 

10.6 7.8 * 8.7 

16.3 11.4 8.9 7.5 

* 

6.3 

6.7 

5.5 

15–24 years ............... 42.5 46.4 58.1 34.9 36.1 33.9 30.5 30.2 

25–34 years ............... 54.4 51.0 70.4 44.9 39.5 32.2 29.7 32.6 

35–44 years ............... 46.7 43.6 59.5 41.2 33.5 28.7 26.3 27.2 

45–64 years ............... 54.6 47.8 61.7 39.5 33.3 26.2 26.5 27.1 

65 years and over ........... 52.6 48.2 53.4 42.4 36.3 36.9 33.6 32.1 

American Indian or Alaska Native male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 78.9 48.3 40.7 37.5 35.8 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 74.6 47.6 40.1 34.1 33.6 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 15.1 11.6 7.6 7.6 7.8 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 126.1 75.2 69.0 58.0 56.8 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 107.0 78.2 67.8 40.8 49.8 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 82.8 57.0 45.2 38.6 36.3 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 77.4 45.9 38.8 38.8 32.0 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 97.0 43.0 * 57.3 48.5 

Asian or Pacific Islander male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 19.0 17.9 14.5 9.8 10.6 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 17.1 15.8 12.6 8.9 9.8 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 8.2 6.3 4.5 2.4 2.5 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 27.2 25.7 18.5 14.8 17.0 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 18.8 17.0 12.4 9.2 10.4 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 13.1 12.2 9.9 7.4 6.9 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 13.7 15.1 14.3 8.5 10.1 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 37.3 33.6 32.1 20.8 21.1 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 29.5 24.4 20.4 21.3 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 29.2 22.4 19.1 20.1 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.2 5.7 4.6 4.4 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 48.2 37.1 31.6 34.7 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 41.0 28.8 24.4 24.9 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 28.0 23.2 20.8 21.6 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 28.9 23.0 19.7 21.7 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 35.3 37.0 30.6 28.9 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 25.7 22.1 21.3 21.7 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.0 21.9 21.1 21.5 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.4 5.8 4.7 4.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 52.3 42.7 38.8 40.3 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 34.0 27.1 24.2 24.7 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 23.1 20.3 20.6 21.6 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 19.8 18.1 18.5 19.3 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 31.1 29.4 31.1 29.3 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 11.4 11.7 14.9 12.2 11.2 10.4 9.7 9.8 

All ages, crude ............. 10.9 11.2 14.8 12.8 11.6 10.7 10.0 10.0 

Under 1 year ............... 7.8 7.5 10.2 7.1 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.5 

1–14 years................ 7.2 6.2 7.5 6.2 4.8 4.3 3.5 3.7 

15–24 years ............... 12.6 15.6 22.7 23.0 19.5 18.1 17.1 17.1 

25–34 years ............... 9.0 9.0 12.7 12.2 11.6 10.2 9.1 8.9 

35–44 years ............... 8.1 8.9 12.3 10.6 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.9 

45–64 years ............... 12.7 13.1 15.1 10.4 9.9 8.9 8.5 8.7 

65 years and over ........... 22.2 20.8 23.7 15.3 17.4 17.5 16.4 16.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 181 
Table 44 (page 3 of 4). Death rates for motor vehicle-related injuries, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Black or 

African American female4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 9.3 10.4 14.1 8.5 9.6 9.0 9.0 8.4 

All ages, crude ............. 10.2 9.7 13.4 8.3 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.2 

Under 1 year ............... 

1–14 years5 ............... - - -7.2 

8.1 

6.9 

11.9 * 7.0 * 

10.2 6.3 5.3 4.9 

8.7 

4.4 

* 

3.9 

15–24 years ............... 11.6 9.9 13.4 8.0 9.9 10.5 11.8 11.7 

25–34 years ............... 10.8 9.8 13.3 10.6 11.1 10.3 8.6 9.4 

35–44 years ............... 11.1 11.0 16.1 8.3 9.4 9.7 9.6 8.2 

45–64 years ............... 11.8 12.7 16.7 9.2 10.7 9.3 8.9 9.0 

65 years and over ........... 14.3 13.2 15.7 9.5 13.5 11.4 12.8 10.4 

American Indian or Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 32.0 17.5 18.2 18.9 19.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 32.0 17.3 18.8 17.5 18.6 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 15.0 8.1 8.1 * 6.5 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 42.3 31.4 30.4 25.2 30.3 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 52.5 18.8 33.7 28.2 22.3 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 38.1 18.2 17.2 21.7 22.0 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 32.6 17.6 15.7 14.8 17.8 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - * * * 30.9 24.0 

Asian or Pacific Islander female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 9.3 10.4 8.6 7.0 6.7 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 8.2 9.0 7.7 6.3 5.9 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - 7.4 3.6 3.2 2.0 2.3 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 7.4 11.4 11.5 7.8 6.0 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 7.3 7.3 4.8 4.3 4.5 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 8.6 7.5 5.9 4.5 4.9 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 8.5 11.8 10.4 9.5 6.4 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 18.6 24.3 18.9 14.8 18.5 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.6 8.8 8.0 7.9 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.9 8.0 7.2 7.2 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.8 4.3 3.5 3.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.6 11.8 10.6 10.6 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.4 7.2 7.1 6.5 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.0 7.9 6.5 7.3 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.4 9.3 8.6 8.3 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.9 14.6 14.3 13.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

182 Health, United States, 2003
Table 44 (page 4 of 4). Death rates for motor vehicle-related injuries, according to sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, and age: United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female6 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.3 10.5 9.9 10.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.7 10.9 10.3 10.3 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.7 4.2 3.5 3.5 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 20.4 19.0 18.3 18.4 

25–34 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.7 10.5 9.4 9.3 

35–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.3 8.9 9.0 9.0 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.7 8.6 8.4 8.7 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.5 17.5 16.5 16.3 

- - - Data not available. 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group under 15 years.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small 

numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. For additional injury-related statistics, see www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars, a Web-based interactive 

database for injury data. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics 

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files; 

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing 

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 183 
Table 45 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for homicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted ............... 5.1 5.0 8.8 10.4 9.4 8.3 6.0 5.9 

All ages, crude..................... 5.0 4.6 8.1 10.6 9.9 8.5 6.1 6.0 

Under 1 year ...................... 4.4 4.8 4.3 5.9 8.4 8.2 8.7 9.2 

1–14 years ....................... 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.3 

1–4 years....................... 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.3 

5–14 years ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 

15–24 years ...................... 5.8 5.6 11.3 15.4 19.7 19.6 12.9 12.6 

15–19 years ..................... 3.9 3.9 7.7 10.5 16.9 17.8 10.4 9.5 

20–24 years ..................... 8.5 7.7 15.6 20.2 22.2 21.5 15.6 16.0 

25–44 years ...................... 8.9 8.5 14.9 17.5 14.7 11.9 8.7 8.7 

25–34 years ..................... 9.3 9.2 16.2 19.3 17.4 14.4 10.5 10.4 

35–44 years ..................... 8.4 7.8 13.5 14.9 11.6 9.4 7.1 7.1 

45–64 years ...................... 5.0 5.3 8.7 9.0 6.3 5.4 4.0 4.0 

45–54 years ..................... 5.9 6.1 10.0 11.0 7.5 6.0 4.6 4.7 

55–64 years ..................... 3.9 4.1 7.1 7.0 5.0 4.4 3.0 3.0 

65 years and over .................. 3.0 2.7 4.6 5.5 4.0 3.1 2.5 2.4 

65–74 years ..................... 3.2 2.8 4.9 5.7 3.8 3.2 2.6 2.4 

75–84 years ..................... 2.5 2.3 4.0 5.2 4.3 3.0 2.5 2.4 

85 years and over ................. 2.3 2.4 4.2 5.3 4.6 3.2 2.4 2.4 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 

............... 7.9 7.5 14.3 16.6 14.8 12.8 9.1 9.0 

All ages, crude..................... 7.7 6.8 13.1 17.1 15.9 13.4 9.3 9.3 

Under 1 year ...................... 4.5 4.7 4.5 6.3 8.8 9.0 9.6 10.4 

1–14 years ....................... 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.5 

1–4 years....................... 0.5 0.7 1.9 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.5 

5–14 years ...................... 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.2 1.1 

15–24 years ...................... 8.6 8.4 18.2 24.0 32.5 32.8 21.1 20.9 

15–19 years ..................... 5.5 5.7 12.1 15.9 27.8 29.1 16.9 15.5 

20–24 years ..................... 13.5 11.8 25.6 32.2 36.9 36.5 25.7 26.7 

25–44 years ...................... 13.8 12.8 24.4 28.9 23.5 18.2 13.3 13.3 

25–34 years ..................... 14.4 13.9 26.8 31.9 27.7 22.5 16.5 16.7 

35–44 years ..................... 13.2 11.7 21.7 24.5 18.6 14.0 10.3 10.3 

45–64 years ...................... 8.1 8.1 14.8 15.2 10.2 8.3 6.0 6.0 

45–54 years ..................... 9.5 9.4 16.8 18.4 11.9 9.2 6.8 6.9 

55–64 years ..................... 6.3 6.4 12.1 11.8 8.0 7.0 4.7 4.6 

65 years and over .................. 4.8 4.3 7.7 8.8 5.8 4.2 3.5 3.3 

65–74 years ..................... 5.2 4.6 8.5 9.2 5.8 4.5 3.7 3.4 

75–84 years ..................... 3.9 3.7 5.9 8.1 5.7 3.7 3.4 3.2 

85 years and over ................. 2.5 3.6 7.4 7.5 6.7 4.1 3.4 3.3 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 

............... 2.4 2.6 3.7 4.4 4.0 3.7 2.9 2.8 

All ages, crude..................... 2.4 2.4 3.4 4.5 4.2 3.8 2.9 2.8 

Under 1 year ...................... 4.2 4.9 4.1 5.6 8.0 7.4 7.8 7.9 

1–14 years ....................... 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 

1–4 years....................... 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.1 

5–14 years ...................... 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 

15–24 years ...................... 3.0 2.8 4.6 6.6 6.2 5.9 4.3 3.9 

15–19 years ..................... 2.4 1.9 3.2 4.9 5.4 5.8 3.5 3.1 

20–24 years ..................... 3.7 3.8 6.2 8.2 7.0 6.0 5.1 4.7 

25–44 years ...................... 4.2 4.3 5.8 6.4 6.0 5.6 4.2 4.0 

25–34 years ..................... 4.5 4.6 6.0 6.9 7.1 6.3 4.4 4.1 

35–44 years ..................... 3.8 4.0 5.7 5.7 4.8 4.9 4.0 4.0 

45–64 years ...................... 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.1 

45–54 years ..................... 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.1 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.5 

55–64 years ..................... 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.6 

65 years and over .................. 1.4 1.3 2.3 3.3 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.8 

65–74 years ..................... 1.3 1.3 2.2 3.0 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.6 

75–84 years ..................... 1.4 1.3 2.7 3.5 3.4 2.6 1.9 2.0 

85 years and over ................. 2.1 1.6 2.5 4.3 3.8 2.9 2.0 2.0 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... 3.8 3.9 7.2 10.4 8.3 7.3 5.4 5.2 

All ages, crude..................... 3.6 3.6 6.6 10.7 8.8 7.5 5.5 5.2 

Under 1 year ...................... 4.3 3.8 2.9 4.3 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.2 

1–14 years ....................... 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 

15–24 years ...................... 3.2 5.0 7.6 15.1 15.2 15.9 10.3 9.9 

25–44 years ...................... 5.4 5.5 11.6 17.2 13.0 10.4 7.7 7.4 

25–34 years ..................... 4.9 5.7 12.5 18.5 14.7 12.1 8.8 8.4 

35–44 years ..................... 6.1 5.2 10.8 15.2 11.1 8.7 6.7 6.5 

45–64 years ...................... 4.8 4.6 8.3 9.8 6.9 5.5 4.3 4.1 

65 years and over .................. 3.8 3.1 5.4 6.7 4.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

184 Health, United States, 2003
Table 45 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for homicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Black or African American male4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... 47.0 42.3 78.2 69.4 63.1 51.1 34.2 35.4 

All ages, crude..................... 44.7 35.0 66.0 65.7 68.5 54.5 36.1 37.2 

Under 1 year ...................... 

1–14 years5 

....................... - - -

1.8 

10.3 

1.5 

14.3 18.6 21.4 20.3 

4.4 4.1 5.8 5.8 

19.5 

3.5 

23.3 

3.1 

15–24 years ...................... 53.8 43.2 98.3 82.6 137.1 129.4 84.7 85.3 

25–44 years ...................... 92.8 80.5 140.2 130.0 105.4 75.8 53.0 55.8 

25–34 years ..................... 104.3 86.4 154.5 142.9 123.7 95.1 69.2 73.9 

35–44 years ..................... 80.0 74.4 124.0 109.3 81.2 54.9 37.2 38.5 

45–64 years ...................... 46.0 44.6 82.3 70.6 41.4 33.4 20.4 21.9 

65 years and over .................. 16.5 17.3 33.3 30.9 25.7 20.3 11.9 12.8 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... - - - - - - - - - 23.3 16.7 14.4 13.5 10.7 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - 23.1 16.6 15.7 12.7 10.7 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 35.4 25.1 28.0 17.5 17.0 

25–44 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 39.2 25.7 24.6 18.3 17.0 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 22.1 14.8 12.0 14.1 * 

Asian or Pacific Islander male4

All ages, age adjusted3...............- - - - - - - - - 9.1 7.3 7.2 3.9 4.3 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - 8.3 7.9 7.5 4.2 4.4 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 9.3 14.9 17.2 7.8 7.8 

- - - - - - - - - 11.3 9.6 7.4 4.7 4.6 

- - - - - - - - - 10.4 7.0 7.7 4.3 6.1 

25–44 years ...................... 

45–64 years ...................... 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6

All ages, age adjusted3...............- - - - - - - - - - - - 27.4 20.4 12.2 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 31.0 23.5 13.8 13.4 

Under 1 year ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.7 5.9 6.7 6.6 

1–14 years ....................... 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 46.4 28.8 17.7 17.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 3.1 3.2 1.8 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 55.4 54.7 29.1 28.5 

25–44 years ...................... 25–34 years ..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 50.9 33.0 20.6 19.9 

35–44 years ..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 39.3 22.8 13.9 13.5 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 20.5 14.7 9.2 

65 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.4 5.8 5.2 4.4 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.6 4.8 3.8 3.6 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.8 4.9 3.9 3.6 

Under 1 year ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.4 6.8 8.0 8.3 

1–14 years ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 7.5 7.2 5.1 4.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 8.7 7.2 5.6 5.2 

25–34 years ..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 9.3 7.7 5.7 5.2 

35–44 years ..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.0 6.7 5.4 5.2 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.7 4.6 3.8 3.6 

65 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.7 2.6 2.7 2.3 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... 1.4 1.5 2.3 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.1 

All ages, crude..................... 1.4 1.4 2.1 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.1 2.1 

Under 1 year ...................... 3.9 3.5 2.9 4.3 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.0 

1–14 years ....................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 

15–24 years ...................... 1.3 1.5 2.7 4.7 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.7 

25–44 years ...................... 2.0 2.1 3.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 2.9 2.9 

45–64 years ...................... 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.8 

65 years and over .................. 1.2 1.2 1.9 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 

Black or African American female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ............... 11.1 11.4 14.7 13.2 12.5 10.4 7.3 7.1 

All ages, crude..................... 11.5 10.4 13.2 13.5 13.4 10.9 7.6 7.2 

Under 1 year ...................... - - - 13.8 10.7 12.8 22.8 20.1 19.5 22.2 

1–14 years5 

....................... 1.8 1.2 3.1 3.3 4.7 3.4 2.9 2.7 

15–24 years ...................... 16.5 11.9 17.7 18.4 18.9 16.4 11.2 10.7 

25–44 years ...................... 22.5 22.7 25.3 22.6 21.0 17.1 11.6 11.0 

45–64 years ...................... 6.8 10.3 13.4 10.8 6.5 5.9 4.7 4.5 

65 years and over .................. 3.6 3.0 7.4 8.0 9.4 6.8 3.4 3.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 185 

15–24 years ...................... 

25–44 years ...................... 

11.8 

1.7 

9.1 
Table 45 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for homicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 

............... - - - - - - - - - 8.1 4.6 5.3 5.1 3.0 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - 7.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 2.9 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

25–44 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 13.7 6.9 8.3 8.4 5.9 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3............... 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.2 1.7 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - * * 3.4 2.5 * 

25–44 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - 4.6 3.8 3.6 2.6 2.2 

45–64 years ...................... 

- - - - - - - - - 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.7 

- - - - - - - - - * * 2.2 2.1 2.0 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6

All ages, age adjusted3...............- - - - - - - - - - - - 4.3 4.0 2.6 2.8 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.7 4.2 2.8 2.8 

Under 1 year ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - * * 7.3 7.4 

1–14 years ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.0 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.1 6.4 4.4 3.7 

25–44 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.1 5.6 3.4 3.7 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.3 3.4 2.5 2.9 

65 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - * 2.4 * 2.4 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted3............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 

All ages, crude..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 

Under 1 year ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1 

1–14 years ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 

15–24 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.3 3.4 2.6 2.3 

25–44 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.7 

45–64 years ...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 

65 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 

- - - Data not available. 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group under 15 years.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. For additional injury-related statistics, see www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars, a Web-based interactive database for injury data. Data for 

additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics 

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files; 

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing 

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

186 Health, United States, 2003
Table 46 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for suicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 13.2 12.5 13.1 12.2 12.5 11.8 10.5 10.4 

All ages, crude ............. 11.4 10.6 11.6 11.9 12.4 11.7 10.5 10.4 

Under 1 year ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1–4 years ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–14 years................ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 

15–24 years ............... 4.5 5.2 8.8 12.3 13.2 13.0 10.1 10.2 

15–19 years.............. 2.7 3.6 5.9 8.5 11.1 10.3 8.0 8.0 

20–24 years.............. 6.2 7.1 12.2 16.1 15.1 15.8 12.3 12.5 

25–44 years ............... 11.6 12.2 15.4 15.6 15.2 15.1 13.6 13.4 

25–34 years.............. 9.1 10.0 14.1 16.0 15.2 15.0 12.7 12.0 

35–44 years.............. 14.3 14.2 16.9 15.4 15.3 15.1 14.3 14.5 

45–64 years ............... 23.5 22.0 20.6 15.9 15.3 13.9 13.2 13.5 

45–54 years.............. 20.9 20.7 20.0 15.9 14.8 14.4 13.9 14.4 

55–64 years.............. 26.8 23.7 21.4 15.9 16.0 13.2 12.2 12.1 

65 years and over ........... 30.0 24.5 20.8 17.6 20.5 17.9 15.8 15.2 

65–74 years.............. 29.6 23.0 20.8 16.9 17.9 15.7 13.4 12.5 

75–84 years.............. 31.1 27.9 21.2 19.1 24.9 20.6 18.1 17.6 

85 years and over ......... 28.8 26.0 19.0 19.2 22.2 21.3 19.3 19.6 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 21.2 20.0 19.8 19.9 21.5 20.3 17.8 17.7 

All ages, crude ............. 17.8 16.5 16.8 18.6 20.4 19.5 17.1 17.1 

Under 1 year ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 years ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5–14 years................ 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 

15–24 years ............... 6.5 8.2 13.5 20.2 22.0 22.0 16.8 17.1 

15–19 years.............. 3.5 5.6 8.8 13.8 18.1 17.1 13.0 13.0 

20–24 years.............. 9.3 11.5 19.3 26.8 25.7 27.0 20.8 21.4 

25–44 years ............... 17.2 17.9 20.9 24.0 24.4 24.4 21.6 21.3 

25–34 years.............. 13.4 14.7 19.8 25.0 24.8 24.8 20.7 19.6 

35–44 years.............. 21.3 21.0 22.1 22.5 23.9 24.0 22.4 22.8 

45–64 years ............... 37.1 34.4 30.0 23.7 24.3 22.2 20.8 21.3 

45–54 years.............. 32.0 31.6 27.9 22.9 23.2 22.5 21.5 22.4 

55–64 years.............. 43.6 38.1 32.7 24.5 25.7 21.8 19.8 19.4 

65 years and over ........... 52.8 44.0 38.4 35.0 41.6 36.2 32.2 31.1 

65–74 years.............. 50.5 39.6 36.0 30.4 32.2 28.5 24.7 22.7 

75–84 years.............. 58.3 52.5 42.8 42.3 56.1 44.9 38.8 38.6 

85 years and over ......... 58.3 57.4 42.4 50.6 65.9 62.7 57.1 57.5 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 5.6 5.6 7.4 5.7 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.0 

All ages, crude ............. 5.1 4.9 6.6 5.5 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.0 

Under 1 year ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 years ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5–14 years................ 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 

15–24 years ............... 2.6 2.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.0 3.0 

15–19 years.............. 1.8 1.6 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.1 2.7 2.7 

20–24 years.............. 3.3 2.9 5.7 5.5 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.2 

25–44 years ............... 6.2 6.6 10.2 7.7 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.4 

25–34 years.............. 4.9 5.5 8.6 7.1 5.6 5.1 4.6 4.3 

35–44 years.............. 7.5 7.7 11.9 8.5 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 

45–64 years ............... 9.9 10.2 12.0 8.9 7.1 6.1 6.0 6.2 

45–54 years.............. 9.9 10.2 12.6 9.4 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.7 

55–64 years.............. 9.9 10.2 11.4 8.4 7.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 

65 years and over ........... 9.4 8.4 8.1 6.1 6.4 5.4 4.3 4.0 

65–74 years.............. 10.1 8.4 9.0 6.5 6.7 5.4 4.1 4.0 

75–84 years.............. 8.1 8.9 7.0 5.5 6.3 5.4 4.7 4.0 

85 years and over ......... 8.2 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.4 4.1 4.2 

White male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 22.3 21.1 20.8 20.9 22.8 21.6 19.0 19.1 

All ages, crude ............. 19.0 17.6 18.0 19.9 22.0 21.1 18.7 18.8 

15–24 years ............... 6.6 8.6 13.9 21.4 23.2 23.1 17.5 17.9 

25–44 years ............... 17.9 18.5 21.5 24.6 25.4 25.8 23.2 22.9 

45–64 years ............... 39.3 36.5 31.9 25.0 26.0 23.9 22.6 23.2 

65 years and over ........... 55.8 46.7 41.1 37.2 44.2 38.5 34.4 33.3 

65–74 years.............. 53.2 42.0 38.7 32.5 34.2 30.1 26.4 24.3 

75–84 years.............. 61.9 55.7 45.5 45.5 60.2 47.7 41.2 41.1 

85 years and over ......... 61.9 61.3 45.8 52.8 70.3 67.9 61.5 61.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 187 
Table 46 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for suicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

Black or 

African American male4 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 7.5 8.4 10.0 11.4 12.8 12.4 10.3 10.0 

All ages, crude ............. 6.3 6.4 8.0 10.3 12.0 11.7 9.6 9.4 

15–24 years ............... 4.9 4.1 10.5 12.3 15.1 17.8 14.3 14.2 

25–44 years ............... 9.8 12.6 16.1 19.2 19.6 18.3 15.0 14.3 

45–64 years ............... 12.7 13.0 12.4 11.8 13.1 11.5 9.7 9.9 

65 years and over ........... 9.0 9.9 8.7 11.4 14.9 14.6 12.6 11.5 

65–74 years.............. 

75–84 years5 ............. 10.0 * 

11.3 

* 

8.7 11.1 14.7 13.8 

* 10.5 14.4 16.7 

11.8 

13.8 

11.1 

12.1 

85 years and over ......... - - - * * * * * * * 

American Indian or Alaska Native male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 19.3 20.1 17.4 16.5 16.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 20.9 20.9 18.0 16.5 15.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 45.3 49.1 30.8 30.8 26.2 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 31.2 27.8 29.1 25.1 24.5 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - * * 13.6 13.2 15.4 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

Asian or Pacific Islander male4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - 10.7 9.6 9.6 9.0 8.6 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - 8.8 8.7 9.0 8.5 7.9 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 10.8 13.5 14.4 9.1 9.1 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 11.0 10.6 10.8 10.8 9.9 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - 13.0 9.7 8.7 11.6 9.7 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - 18.6 16.8 18.9 13.4 15.4 

Hispanic or Latino male4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.7 12.7 10.3 10.3 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.4 10.9 8.2 8.4 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.7 16.0 9.9 10.9 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.2 14.5 11.3 11.2 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.1 14.2 11.8 12.0 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 23.4 21.0 19.5 19.5 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - 23.5 22.3 20.2 20.2 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - 23.1 22.2 20.3 20.4 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 24.4 24.0 19.2 19.5 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.4 27.1 25.2 25.1 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.8 24.5 23.4 24.0 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - 45.4 39.0 35.0 33.9 

White female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 6.0 5.9 7.9 6.1 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 

All ages, crude ............. 5.5 5.3 7.1 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.4 

15–24 years ............... 2.7 2.3 4.2 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.2 3.1 

25–44 years ............... 6.6 7.0 11.0 8.1 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.0 

45–64 years ............... 10.6 10.9 13.0 9.6 7.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 

65 years and over ........... 9.9 8.8 8.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 

Black or 

African American female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 1.8 2.0 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.8 

All ages, crude ............. 1.5 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.7 

15–24 years ............... 1.8 * 3.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.2 

25–44 years ............... 2.3 3.0 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.3 2.5 2.6 

45–64 years ............... 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.1 

65 years and over ........... * * 2.6 * 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

188 Health, United States, 2003
Table 46 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for suicide, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age: 

United States, selected years 1950–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 19501 19601 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2 2000 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female4 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 

25–44 years ............... 45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female4

All ages, age adjusted3 .......

All ages, crude .............

15–24 years ............... 

25–44 years ............... 45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female4,6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 25–44 years ............... 

45–64 years ............... 65 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female6 

All ages, age adjusted3 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 25–44 years ............... 

45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

- - - - - - - - - 4.7 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.8 

- - - - - - - - - 4.7 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * * - - - - - - - - - 10.7 * 6.4 6.8 7.2 

- - - - - - - - - * * * * * - - - - - - - - - * * * * * 

- - - - - - - - - 5.5 4.1 4.1 3.4 2.8 

- - - - - - - - - 4.7 3.4 3.7 3.3 2.7 

- - - - - - - - - * 3.9 4.8 4.0 2.7 

- - - - - - - - - 5.4 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.3 - - - - - - - - - 7.9 5.0 4.7 3.8 3.2 - - - - - - - - - * 8.5 8.6 6.4 5.2 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 3.1 2.4 1.8 2.0 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 

- - - - - - - - - - - - * * 2.4 * 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.9 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.7 

- - - - - - - - - - - - 8.0 6.9 7.0 7.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.0 5.8 4.7 4.4 

. . . Category not applicable. 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

2

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

3

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

5

In 1950 rate is for the age group 75 years and over.

6

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. For the period 1980–98, causes were coded using ICD–9 codes that are most nearly comparable with the 113 cause list for ICD–10. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. For additional injury-related statistics, see www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars, a Web-based interactive database for injury data. Data for 

additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics 

rates in the United States, 1940–1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1968; numerator data from National Vital Statistics System, annual mortality files; 

denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the Housing 

and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 189 
Table 47 (page 1 of 3). Death rates for firearm-related injuries, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1970–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1970 1980 1990 1995 19991 2000 

All persons Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 14.3 14.8 14.6 13.4 10.3 10.2 

All ages, crude ............. 13.1 14.9 14.9 13.5 10.3 10.2 

Under 1 year ............... * * * * * * 

1–14 years................ 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.7 

1–4 years ............... 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 

5–14 years .............. 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.9 

15–24 years ............... 15.5 20.6 25.8 26.7 17.6 16.8 

15–19 years.............. 11.4 14.7 23.3 24.1 14.4 12.9 

20–24 years.............. 20.3 26.4 28.1 29.2 21.0 20.9 

25–44 years ............... 20.9 22.5 19.3 16.9 13.1 13.1 

25–34 years.............. 22.2 24.3 21.8 19.6 14.9 14.5 

35–44 years.............. 19.6 20.0 16.3 14.3 11.6 11.9 

45–64 years ............... 17.6 15.2 13.6 11.7 10.0 10.0 

45–54 years.............. 18.1 16.4 13.9 12.0 10.2 10.5 

55–64 years.............. 17.0 13.9 13.3 11.3 9.7 9.4 

65 years and over ........... 13.8 13.5 16.0 14.1 12.5 12.2 

65–74 years.............. 14.5 13.8 14.4 12.8 11.0 10.6 

75–84 years.............. 13.4 13.4 19.4 16.3 14.2 13.9 

85 years and over ......... 10.2 11.6 14.7 14.4 13.5 14.2 

Male 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 24.8 25.9 26.1 23.8 18.4 18.1 

All ages, crude ............. 22.2 25.7 26.2 23.6 18.1 17.8 

Under 1 year ............... * * * * * * 

1–14 years................ 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.1 

1–4 years ............... 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 

5–14 years .............. 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.4 

15–24 years ............... 26.4 34.8 44.7 46.5 30.6 29.4 

15–19 years.............. 19.2 24.5 40.1 41.6 24.8 22.4 

20–24 years.............. 35.1 45.2 49.1 51.5 36.8 37.0 

25–44 years ............... 34.1 38.1 32.6 28.4 22.0 22.0 

25–34 years.............. 36.5 41.4 37.0 33.2 25.5 24.9 

35–44 years.............. 31.6 33.2 27.4 23.6 18.9 19.4 

45–64 years ............... 31.0 25.9 23.4 20.0 17.1 17.1 

45–54 years.............. 30.7 27.3 23.2 20.1 17.0 17.6 

55–64 years.............. 31.3 24.5 23.7 19.8 17.1 16.3 

65 years and over ........... 29.7 29.7 35.3 30.7 27.2 26.4 

65–74 years.............. 29.5 27.8 28.2 25.1 21.5 20.3 

75–84 years.............. 31.0 33.0 46.9 37.8 32.8 32.2 

85 years and over ......... 26.2 34.9 49.3 47.1 43.3 44.7 

Female 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 4.8 4.7 4.2 3.8 2.9 2.8 

All ages, crude ............. 4.4 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.9 2.8 

Under 1 year ............... * * * * * * 

1–14 years................ 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 

1–4 years ............... 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 * 

5–14 years .............. 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 

15–24 years ............... 4.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 3.9 3.5 

15–19 years.............. 3.5 4.6 5.7 5.6 3.4 2.9 

20–24 years.............. 6.4 7.7 6.3 6.1 4.4 4.2 

25–44 years ............... 8.3 7.4 6.1 5.5 4.3 4.2 

25–34 years.............. 8.4 7.5 6.7 5.8 4.1 4.0 

35–44 years.............. 8.2 7.2 5.4 5.2 4.4 4.4 

45–64 years ............... 5.4 5.4 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.4 

45–54 years.............. 6.4 6.2 4.9 4.2 3.6 3.6 

55–64 years.............. 4.2 4.6 4.0 3.5 2.9 3.0 

65 years and over ........... 2.4 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.2 2.2 

65–74 years.............. 2.8 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.4 2.5 

75–84 years.............. 1.7 1.7 2.9 2.8 2.1 2.0 

85 years and over ......... * 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 

White male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 19.7 22.1 22.0 20.1 16.2 15.9 

All ages, crude ............. 17.6 21.8 21.8 19.9 15.9 15.6 

1–14 years................ 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 

15–24 years ............... 16.9 28.4 29.5 30.8 20.5 19.6 

25–44 years ............... 24.2 29.5 25.7 23.2 18.3 18.0 

25–34 years.............. 24.3 31.1 27.8 25.2 19.2 18.1 

35–44 years.............. 24.1 27.1 23.3 21.2 17.6 17.9 

45–64 years ............... 27.4 23.3 22.8 19.5 17.3 17.4 

65 years and over ........... 29.9 30.1 36.8 32.2 28.9 28.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

190 Health, United States, 2003
Table 47 (page 2 of 3). Death rates for firearm-related injuries, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1970–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1970 1980 1990 1995 19991 2000 

Black or 

African American male3 Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 70.8 60.1 56.3 49.2 34.1 34.2 

All ages, crude ............. 60.8 57.7 61.9 52.9 36.0 36.1 

1–14 years................ 5.3 3.0 4.4 4.4 2.0 1.8 

15–24 years ............... 97.3 77.9 138.0 138.7 91.4 89.3 

25–44 years ............... 126.2 114.1 90.3 70.2 51.5 54.1 

25–34 years.............. 145.6 128.4 108.6 92.3 71.3 74.8 

35–44 years.............. 104.2 92.3 66.1 46.3 32.2 34.3 

45–64 years ............... 71.1 55.6 34.5 28.3 19.0 18.4 

65 years and over ........... 30.6 29.7 23.9 21.8 15.2 13.8 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native male3 

3.5 

3.5 

0.7 

4.5 

4.0 

2.8 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - 24.0 19.4 19.4 16.1 13.1 

All ages, crude ............. - - - 27.5 20.5 20.9 16.2 13.2 

15–24 years ............... - - - 55.3 49.1 40.9 33.5 26.9 

25–44 years ............... - - - 43.9 25.4 31.2 21.5 16.6 

45–64 years ............... - - - * * 14.2 12.0 12.2 

65 years and over ........... - - - * * * * * 

Asian or Pacific Islander male3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - 7.8 8.8 9.2 5.9 6.0 

All ages, crude ............. - - - 8.2 9.4 10.0 6.3 6.2 

15–24 years ............... - - - 10.8 21.0 24.3 10.9 9.3 

25–44 years ............... - - - 12.8 10.9 10.6 8.3 8.1 

45–64 years ............... - - - 10.4 8.1 8.2 6.4 7.4 

65 years and over ........... - - - * * * * * 

Hispanic or Latino male3,4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - 27.6 23.8 14.2 13.6 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - 29.9 26.2 14.6 14.2 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - 2.6 2.8 1.1 1.0 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - 55.5 61.7 31.6 30.8 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - 42.7 31.4 17.9 17.3 

25–34 years.............. - - - - - - 47.3 36.4 20.6 20.3 

35–44 years.............. - - - - - - 35.4 24.2 14.3 13.2 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - 21.4 17.2 11.2 12.0 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - 19.1 16.5 14.4 12.2 

White, not Hispanic or Latino male4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... - - - - - - 20.6 18.6 15.8 15.5 

All ages, crude ............. - - - - - - 20.4 18.5 15.9 15.7 

1–14 years................ - - - - - - 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 

15–24 years ............... - - - - - - 24.1 23.5 17.2 16.2 

25–44 years ............... - - - - - - 23.3 21.4 18.2 17.9 

25–34 years.............. - - - - - - 24.7 22.5 18.6 17.2 

35–44 years.............. - - - - - - 21.6 20.4 17.8 18.4 

45–64 years ............... - - - - - - 22.7 19.5 17.8 17.8 

65 years and over ........... - - - - - - 37.4 32.5 29.5 29.0 

White female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 4.0 4.2 3.8 2.7 2.7 

All ages, crude ............. 3.7 4.1 3.8 2.8 2.7 

15–24 years ............... 3.4 5.1 4.8 0.4 0.3 

25–44 years ............... 6.9 6.2 5.3 3.0 2.8 

45–64 years ............... 5.0 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.5 

65 years and over ........... 2.2 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 191 
Table 47 (page 3 of 3). Death rates for firearm-related injuries, according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age: United States, selected years 1970–2000 

[Data are based on death certificates] 

Sex, race, Hispanic origin, 

and age 1970 1980 1990 1995 19991 2000 

Black or

African American female3

All ages, age adjusted2 .......

All ages, crude .............

15–24 years ............... 

25–44 years ............... 45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

American Indian or 

Alaska Native female3 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 

25–44 years ............... 45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

Asian or

Pacific Islander female3

All ages, age adjusted2 .......

All ages, crude .............

15–24 years ............... 

25–44 years ............... 

45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

Hispanic or Latino female3,4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 25–44 years ............... 

45–64 years ............... 

65 years and over ........... 

White, not Hispanic 

or Latino female4 

All ages, age adjusted2 ....... 

All ages, crude ............. 

15–24 years ............... 25–44 years ............... 

45–64 years ............... 65 years and over ........... 

Deaths per 100,000 resident population 

11.1 8.7 7.3 6.2 4.3 3.9 

10.0 8.8 7.8 6.5 4.4 4.0 

15.2 12.3 13.3 13.2 0.9 0.5 

19.4 16.1 12.4 9.8 9.0 7.6 

10.2 8.2 4.8 4.1 6.7 6.5 

4.3 3.1 3.1 2.6 3.0 3.1 

- - - 5.8 3.3 3.8 2.6 2.9 

- - - 5.8 3.4 4.1 2.8 2.9 

- - - * * * * * 

- - - 10.2 * 7.0 * 5.5 - - - * * * * * - - - * * * * * 

- - - 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.1 - - - 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.2 

- - - * * 3.9 * * - - - 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.5 

- - - * * * 2.1 * 

- - - * * * * * 

- - - - - - 3.3 3.1 2.0 1.8 - - - - - - 3.6 3.3 2.0 1.8 

- - - - - - 6.9 6.1 3.8 2.9 - - - - - - 5.1 4.7 2.5 2.5 

- - - - - - 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 - - - - - - * * * * 

- - - - - - 3.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 

- - - - - - 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.9 

- - - - - - 4.3 4.1 2.8 2.7 - - - - - - 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.2 

- - - - - - 4.6 4.1 3.5 3.6 - - - - - - 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 

* Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.

- - - Data not available.

1

Starting with 1999 data, cause of death is coded according to ICD–10. To estimate change between 1998 and 1999, compare the 1999 rate with the comparability-

modified rate for 1998. See Appendix II, Comparability ratio and tables V and VI.

2

Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of His-

panic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated. See

Appendix II, Race, for a discussion of sources of bias in death rates by race and Hispanic origin.

4

Prior to 1997, excludes data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate. See Appendix II, Hispanic origin.

NOTES: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 

were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. See Appendix I, Population 

Census and Population Estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 

for data years shown. See Appendix II, tables IV and V. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small 

numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups. For additional injury-related statistics, see www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars, a Web-based interactive 

database for injury data. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System; numerator data from annual mortality 

files; denominator data from national population estimates for race groups from table 1 and unpublished Hispanic population estimates for 1985–96 prepared by the 

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census; additional mortality tables are available at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/ 

mortabs.htm; Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality statistics for the U.S., 2000. National vital statistics reports. Vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, 

Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2003. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

192 Health, United States, 2003
Table 49 (page 1 of 2). Occupational injury deaths and rates by industry, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: 

United States, 1992–2001 

[Data are compiled from various Federal, State, and local administrative sources] 

Characteristic 19921 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 20012,3 

Deaths per 100,000 employed workers4 

Total work force ........................... 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 

Total, including fatalities from Sept 11, 2001...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 

Industry5 

Private sector ........................... 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing ................ 24.0 23.9 22.2 22.4 23.5 23.4 23.8 20.9 22.8 

Mining .................................. 27.1 26.9 25.0 27.0 25.0 23.8 21.7 30.0 30.0 

Construction ............................. 14.1 14.8 14.7 14.0 14.1 14.5 14.0 12.9 13.3 

Manufacturing ............................ 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.2 

Transportation and public utilities ............... 13.4 13.4 12.6 13.4 13.2 11.8 12.7 11.8 11.2 

Wholesale trade ........................... 5.3 5.8 5.1 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 

Retail trade .............................. 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.4 

Finance, insurance, and 

real estate .............................. 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 

Services ................................ 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 

Government6 ........................... 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 

Sex 

Male ................................... - - - 9.0 8.3 8.2 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 

Female ................................. - - - 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 

Age 

16–17 years.............................. - - - 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 

18–19 years.............................. - - - 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 

20–24 years.............................. - - - 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 

25–34 years.............................. - - - 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 

35–44 years.............................. - - - 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 

45–54 years.............................. - - - 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 

55–64 years.............................. - - - 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.5 

65 years and over ......................... - - - 14.3 14.0 13.7 13.8 14.5 14.6 12.0 12.7 

Race and Hispanic origin7 

White .................................. - - - 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 - - - - - -

Black or African American .................... - - - 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.0 4.1 - - - - - - Hispanic or Latino ......................... - - - 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.6 6.0 

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... - - - 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.2 5.2 

White ................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.2 4.2 

Black or African American .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.9 3.8 

Number of deaths8 

Total work force ........................... 6,217 6,632 6,275 6,202 6,238 6,055 6,054 5,920 5,900 

Total, including fatalities from Sept 11, 2001...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,786 

Industry5 

Private sector ........................... 5,497 5,959 5,495 5,597 5,616 5,457 5,488 5,347 5,270 

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing ................ 808 852 800 806 833 840 814 720 740 

Mining .................................. 181 180 156 153 158 147 122 156 170 

Construction ............................. 919 1,028 1,055 1,047 1,107 1,174 1,191 1,155 1,225 

Manufacturing ............................ 765 789 709 725 744 698 722 668 599 

Transportation and public utilities ............... 895 949 901 970 1,008 911 1,008 957 911 

Wholesale trade ........................... 253 271 256 270 241 229 238 230 220 

Retail trade .............................. 734 808 687 681 670 570 513 594 537 

Finance, insurance, and 

real estate .............................. 122 113 125 116 97 92 107 79 86 

Services ................................ 757 853 749 776 727 763 736 769 767 

Not classified ............................. 63 116 57 53 31 33 37 19 15 

Government6 ........................... 720 673 780 605 622 598 566 573 630 

See footnotes at end of table. 

194 Health, United States, 2003
Table 49 (page 2 of 2). Occupational injury deaths and rates by industry, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: 

United States, 1992–2001 

[Data are compiled from various Federal, State, and local administrative sources] 

Characteristic 19921 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 20012,3 

Sex Number of deaths8 

Male ................................... 5,774 6,104 5,736 5,688 5,761 5,569 5,612 5,471 5,429 

Female ................................. 443 528 539 514 477 486 442 449 471 

Age 

Under 16 years ........................... 27 25 26 27 21 33 26 29 20 

16–17 years.............................. 41 42 42 43 41 32 46 44 33 

18–19 years.............................. 107 114 130 125 113 137 122 127 122 

20–24 years.............................. 544 545 486 444 503 421 451 446 440 

25–34 years.............................. 1,556 1,567 1,409 1,362 1,325 1,238 1,175 1,163 1,140 

35–44 years.............................. 1,538 1,619 1,571 1,586 1,524 1,525 1,510 1,473 1,474 

45–54 years.............................. 1,167 1,310 1,256 1,242 1,302 1,279 1,333 1,313 1,363 

55–64 years.............................. 767 866 827 855 875 836 816 831 773 

65 years and over ......................... 467 525 515 504 520 541 565 488 529 

Unspecified .............................. 3 19 13 14 14 13 10 6 6 

Race and Hispanic origin 

White .................................. 5,173 5,460 5,120 5,111 5,108 5,041 4,990 - - - - - -

Black or African American .................... 624 707 697 631 677 594 626 - - - - - - Hispanic or Latino ......................... 533 624 619 638 658 707 730 815 891 

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 5,684 6,008 5,656 5,564 5,580 5,348 5,323 5,100 5,009 

White ................................. 4,712 4,954 4,599 4,586 4,576 4,478 4,410 4,244 4,168 

Black or African American .................. 618 695 684 615 661 583 616 575 563 

American Indian or Alaska Native ............. 36 39 27 35 34 28 54 33 48 

Asian9 ................................ 192 211 188 188 218 164 180 171 172 

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander ............ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 9 

Multiple races ........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 

Other races or not reported ................. 126 109 158 140 91 95 64 68 43 

. . . Data not applicable.

- - - Data not available.

1

1992 and 1993 employment data by demographic characteristics are not available from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for calculation of rates.

2

Fatalities due to the September 11 terrorist attacks are included only in the total line, as labeled, and not in the subcategories by industry and demographic character­

istics.

3

Preliminary data.

4

Numerator excludes deaths to workers under the age of 16 years. Employment data in denominators are average annual estimates of employed civilians 16 years of

age and over from the Current Population Survey (CPS) plus resident armed forces figures from the Bureau of the Census (1992–98) and Department of Defense

(1999–2001).

5

Classified according to the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 (see Appendix II, table VIII).

6

Includes fatalities to workers employed by governmental organizations regardless of industry.

7

Employment data for American Indian or Alaska Native workers and Asian or Pacific Islander workers are not available for the calculation of rates; Employment data

for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black workers were not available before the year 2000.

8

Includes fatalities to all workers, regardless of age.

9

In 1999 and earlier years, category also includes Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander.

NOTES: Fatalities and rates are based on revised data and may differ from originally published data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). See

Appendix I, CFOI. CFOI began collecting fatality data in 1992. For data for prior years, see CDC. Fatal Occupational Injuries—United States, 1980–1997. MMWR 2001;

50(16):317–320, which reports trend data from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. NTOF was established at the National Insti­

tute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to monitor occupational injury deaths through death certificates. In 1999 and earlier years the race groups white and

black included persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Some numbers for 2000 in this table were revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United


States. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCE: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Revised annual data.

Health, United States, 2003 195 
Table 51 (page 1 of 2). Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators: United States, selected years 1990–2002 

and 2010 target 

[Data are based on interviews and examinations of samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population or special population subgroups; information from death 

certificates and birth certificates; and air quality measurements] 

Leading Health Indicators, measures, and 2010 

Healthy People 2010 objective numbers 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Target 

Physical activity 

1a. Adolescents in grades 9–12: percent who engaged 

in 20 minutes or more of vigorous activity 3 or more days per week (obj 22–07) .................. - - - 64 - - - 65 - - - 65 - - - 85 

1b. Adults age 18 years and over: age-adjusted 

percent who engaged in moderate activity (at least 

30 minutes, 5 days per week) or vigorous activity (at 

least 20 minutes, 3 days per week) (obj 22–02)1 . . . - - - - - - 30 30 32 32 33 50 

Overweight and obesity2 

2a. Overweight or obese children and adolescents, 

age 6–19 years: percent who are at or above the 

sex- and age-specific 95th percentile of Body Mass 

Index (BMI) based on CDC Growth Charts: United 

States (obj 19–03c) ....................... 11 - - - - - - - - - 15 - - - - - - 5 

2b. Obese adults age 20 years and over: ageadjusted percent with BMI of 30 Kg/m2 or more (obj 

19–02) ................................ 23 - - - - - - - - - 31 - - - - - - 15 

Tobacco use 

3a. Adolescents in grades 9–12: percent who smoked 

cigarettes one or more days in the past 30 days (obj 

27–02b) ............................... - - - 35 - - - 35 28 28 - - - 16 

3b. Adults age 18 years and over: age-adjusted 

percent who smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and now report smoking on some days 

or every day (obj 27–01a)1 .................. 25 25 24 23 23 23 22 12 

Substance abuse3 

4a. Adolescents age 12–17 years: percent who 

reported no use of alcohol or illicit drugs in the past 

30 days (obj 26–10a) ...................... - - - - - - - - - 80 80 - - - - - - 89 

4b. Adults age 18 years and over: percent who 

reported illicit drug use in the past 30 days (obj 

26–10c) ............................... - - - - - - - - - 5.8 5.9 - - - - - - 2.0 

4c. Adults age 18 years and over: percent who 

reported binge drinking in the past 30 days (obj 

26–11c)................................ - - - - - - - - - 21 22 - - - - - - 6 

Responsible sexual behavior 

5a. Adolescents in grades 9–12: percent who are not 

sexually active or sexually active and used condoms 

(obj 25–11) ............................. - - - 83 - - - 85 - - - 86 - - - 95 

5a1. Never had intercourse............... - - - 47 - - - 50 - - - 54 - - - . . . 

5a2. Used a condom at last intercourse ...... - - - 21 - - - 21 - - - 19 - - - . . . 

5a3. No sexual intercourse in past 3 months . . - - - 15 - - - 14 - - - 12 - - - . . . 

5b. Sexually active unmarried women age 18–44 

years: percent who reported condom use by partners 

(obj 13–06a) ............................ - - - 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 

5c. New cases of gonorrhea per 100,000 population 

(obj 25–02) (supplemental measure) ........... 277 149 132 132 129 129 - - - 19 

Mental health 

6a. Adults age 18 years and over: percent with 

recognized depression who received treatment (obj 

18–09b)4 ............................... - - - 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 

6b. Age-adjusted suicide rate per 100,000 standard 

population (obj 18–01) (supplemental measure) . . . 12.5 12.0 11.3 10.7 10.6 - - - - - - 5.0 

Injury and violence 

7a. Age-adjusted death rate for motor vehicle trafficrelated injuries per 100,000 standard population (obj 

15–15a)5 

. .............................. 18.0 16.1 15.6 15.0 15.2 - - - - - - 9.2 

7b. Age-adjusted homicide rate per 100,000 standard population (obj 15–32). ................. 9.4 8.4 6.5 6.2 6.1 - - - - - - 3.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 197 
Table 51 (page 2 of 2). Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators: United States, selected years 1990–2002 

and 2010 target 

[Data are based on interviews and examinations of samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population or special population subgroups; information from death 

certificates and birth certificates; and air quality measurements] 

Leading Health Indicators, measures, and 2010 

Healthy People 2010 objective numbers 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Target 

Environmental quality 

8a. Percent of population exposed to ozone above 

EPA standard (obj 08–01a) .................. - - - - - - 43 43 43 41 - - - 0 

8b. Persons age 4 years and over: age-adjusted 

percent of nonsmokers exposed to environmental 

tobacco smoke (obj 27–10)2 

.................. 65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45 

8c. Persons under age 18 years: hospital admissions 

for asthma per 10,000 population (obj 01–09a) 

(supplemental measure) .................... - - - - - - - - - 25.5 - - - 21.4 - - - 17.3 

Immunization 

9a. Children age 19–35 months: percent who received 

all DTaP, polio, MMR, Hib, and HepB vaccines (obj 

14–24a) ............................... - - - - - - 73 73 73 74 - - - 80 

9b. Adults age 65 years and over: age-adjusted 

percent who received influenza vaccine in the past 

12 months (obj 14–29a)1 ................... - - - 59 64 66 65 63 66 90 

9c. Adults age 65 years and over: age-adjusted 

percent who ever received pneumococcal vaccine 

(obj 14–29b)1

............................ - - - 35 46 50 53 54 55 90 

Access to health care 

10a. Persons under age 65 years: age-adjusted 

percent with health insurance (obj 01–01)1,6. ..... - - - 84 83 84 83 84 84 100 

10b. Persons of all ages: age-adjusted percent with 

a specific source of ongoing primary care (obj 

01–04a)1 ............................... - - - 87 87 86 87 88 88 96 

10c. Pregnant women: percent who received prena­

tal care in the first trimester (obj 16–06a) ........ 76 81 83 83 83 83 - - - 90

- - - Data not available.

. . . Data not applicable.

1

Data for 1997 and later years are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, NHIS. Data for 2002 are

provisional.

2

NHANES data for 1990 are for the period 1988–94. NHANES data for 2000 are for the period 1999–2000, and are based on a smaller sample size and therefore are

subject to greater sampling error than the estimate for 1988–94.

3

In a major redesign of the survey in 1999, the sample size, mode of administration, and survey content changed. Data are not shown for 1998 and earlier years

because only limited comparisons can be made between data from the redesigned surveys (1999 onward) and data obtained from surveys prior to 1999. See Appendix

I, NHSDA.

4

Baseline year 1997 and baseline value 23 percent are shown in 1995.

5

Motor vehicle traffic-related injuries (ICD–9-E810–E819 prior to 1999; and for 1999 and later years ICD–10-V02–V04(.1,.9), V09.2, V12–V14(.3–.9), V19(.4–.6), V20–

V28(.3–.9), V29(.4–.9), V30–V39(.4–.9), V40–V49(.4–.9), V50–V59(.4–.9), V60–V69(.4–.9), V70–V79(.4–.9), V80(.3–.5), V81.1, V82.1, V83–V86(.0–.3), V87(.0–.8),

V89.2) are a subset of data in tables 29 and 44 for motor vehicle-related injuries. (For ICD–10 codes, parenthetical digits apply to each preceding alphanumeric in the

range.)

6

See Appendix II, Health insurance coverage, for a discussion of changes in measurement of this variable.

NOTES: Additional information on specific measures is presented in the following tables: measure 3b (table 59); measure 5c (table 52); measure 6b (table 46); mea-

sure 7b (table 45); measure 10a (table 130); measure 10c (table 6). Additional information related to other measures is presented in the following tables: measure 2a

(table 69); measure 2b (table 68); measures 4a and 4c (table 62); measure 5b (table 17); measure 7a (table 44); measure 9a (tables 71 and 72); measure 10b (tables

74 and 76). Current data for the Leading Health Indicators can be obtained from the Healthy People 2010 DATA2010 Web site: wonder.cdc.gov/data2010. Data for

additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP: measures 1a, 3a, and 5a; National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), CDC, OSH: mea-

sure 3a (2000); National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS: measures 1b, 3b, 9b, 9c, 10a, and 10b; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHANES), CDC, NCHS: measures 2a, 2b, and 8b; National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA: measures 4a, 4b, 4c, and 6a; National Survey of

Family Growth (NSFG), CDC, NCHS: measure 5b; Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Surveillance System, CDC, NCHSTP: measure 5c; National Vital Statistics

System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS: measures 6b, 7a, 7b, 10c; Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA, OAR: measure 8a; Healthcare Cost and Utilization

Project (HCUP), AHRQ: measure 8c; National Immunization Survey (NIS), CDC, NIP and NCHS: measure 9a.

Some measures will be updated on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

198 Health, United States, 2003
Table 53. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, according to age at diagnosis, sex, 

detailed race, and Hispanic origin: United States, selected years 1985–2002 

[Data are based on reporting by State health departments] 

Age at diagnosis, sex, 

race, and Hispanic origin 

All 

years1 All years1 1985 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 

Cases per 

Percent 

distribution2 Number, by year of report 

100,000 

population3 

All races .................... . . . 831,112 8,159 41,448 70,412 44,580 40,282 41,450 42,745 15.0 

Male 

All males, 13 years and over ...... 100.0 676,609 7,504 36,179 56,689 34,013 30,135 30,663 31,644 28.0 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ..................... 47.7 322,920 4,746 20,825 26,028 12,691 11,314 11,054 11,221 13.9 

Black or African American ...... 35.4 239,650 1,710 10,239 20,833 14,830 13,082 13,764 14,310 111.9 

American Indian or Alaska Native . 0.3 2,203 7 81 197 135 136 149 155 17.3 

Asian or Pacific Islander ....... 

Hispanic or Latino4 ............. 0.8 

15.6 

5,666 

105,628 

49 

992 

264 489 295 291 

4,743 9,111 6,043 5,275 

348 

5,318 

381 

5,543 

8.2 

39.3 

13–19 years.................. 0.4 2,632 27 107 223 131 145 184 199 1.4 

20–29 years.................. 15.4 104,174 1,501 6,921 8,387 3,972 3,327 3,291 3,433 17.5 

30–39 years.................. 44.7 302,420 3,588 16,668 25,684 14,410 12,543 12,082 12,101 56.2 

40–49 years.................. 27.8 188,299 1,634 8,828 16,151 10,836 9,648 10,261 10,658 49.5 

50–59 years.................. 8.7 58,745 597 2,645 4,692 3,479 3,387 3,633 3,959 24.9 

60 years and over ............. 3.0 20,339 157 1,010 1,552 1,185 1,085 1,212 1,294 6.5 

Female 

All females, 13 years and over..... 100.0 145,696 524 4,544 12,978 10,312 9,958 10,617 10,951 9.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ..................... 22.0 32,000 143 1,228 3,042 1,896 1,859 1,993 1,930 2.3 

Black or African American ...... 61.2 89,130 280 2,557 7,586 6,711 6,489 6,963 7,339 50.0 

American Indian or Alaska Native . 0.3 509 2 9 38 40 70 42 42 4.5 

Asian or Pacific Islander ....... 0.6 832 1 20 73 61 74 67 68 1.4 

Hispanic or Latino4 ............. 15.9 23,145 98 726 2,236 1,599 1,462 1,543 1,561 11.8 

13–19 years.................. 1.4 1,995 5 67 157 166 170 171 203 1.5 

20–29 years.................. 20.6 29,996 178 1,117 2,676 1,886 1,750 1,717 1,819 9.6 

30–39 years.................. 43.6 63,504 232 2,087 5,934 4,234 3,973 4,145 3,991 18.7 

40–49 years.................. 24.1 35,168 45 780 3,059 2,789 2,857 3,147 3,377 15.3 

50–59 years.................. 7.0 10,243 26 274 818 916 867 999 1,150 6.9 

60 years and over ............. 3.3 4,790 38 219 334 321 341 438 411 1.5 

Children 

All children, under 13 years ....... 100.0 8,807 131 725 745 255 189 170 150 0.3 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ..................... 18.2 1,601 26 157 117 30 32 30 23 0.1 

Black or African American ...... 61.6 5,422 87 390 483 171 122 111 99 1.2 

American Indian or Alaska Native . 0.4 31 – 5 2 2 1 – – – 

Asian or Pacific Islander ....... 0.7 58 – 4 5 2 3 3 4 0.2 

Hispanic or Latino4 ............. 19.1 1,685 18 169 135 49 30 26 24 0.2 

Under 1 year ................. 36.9 3,249 54 298 258 87 61 47 46 1.1 

1–12 years .................. 63.1 5,558 77 427 487 168 128 123 104 0.2 

. . . Category not applicable. 

– Quantity zero.

1

Includes cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prior to 1985 and through December 31, 2002.

2

Percents may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

3

Computed using estimates of July 1, 2001, U.S. resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, prepared for NCHS under a collaboration arrangement with

the U.S. Census Bureau.

4

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

NOTES: The AIDS case reporting definitions were expanded in 1985, 1987, and 1993. See Appendix II, AIDS. Excludes data for U.S. dependencies and possessions 

and independent nations in free association with the United States. Data for all years have been updated through December 31, 2002, to include temporally delayed 

case reports and may differ from previous editions of Health, United States. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention—Surveillance and Epidemiology, AIDS Surveillance, 2003 special data run. 

200 Health, United States, 2003
Table 56 (page 1 of 3). Limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2000 2001 

All ages Percent of persons with any activity limitation1 

Total2,3 ............................... 13.3 12.2 11.7 12.1 

Age 

Under 18 years ......................... 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.7 

Under 5 years ........................ 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 

5–17 years .......................... 7.8 7.0 7.0 8.0 

18–44 years ........................... 7.0 6.3 5.8 6.1 

18–24 years.......................... 5.1 4.4 3.6 4.6 

25–44 years.......................... 7.6 6.9 6.5 6.6 

45–54 years ........................... 14.2 13.1 12.4 13.1 

55–64 years ........................... 22.2 21.1 19.7 20.7 

65 years and over ....................... 38.7 35.6 34.7 34.5 

65–74 years.......................... 30.0 27.5 26.1 26.0 

75 years and over ..................... 50.2 45.6 45.1 44.7 

Sex3 

Male................................. 13.1 12.1 11.7 12.2 

Female ............................... 13.4 12.2 11.5 11.9 

Race3,4 

White only............................. 13.1 12.0 11.5 11.8 

Black or African American only .............. 17.1 15.3 14.3 15.6 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ....... 23.1 18.8 20.1 18.9 

Asian only............................. 7.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only .......................... - - - * * * 

2 or more races......................... - - - 20.3 19.8 19.8 

Black or African American; White ........... - - - 14.9 *20.3 14.9 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White .... - - - 26.0 25.3 22.0 

Hispanic origin and race3,4 

Hispanic or Latino ....................... 12.8 10.4 10.3 10.6 

Mexican............................. 12.5 9.6 10.4 10.3 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... 13.5 12.4 11.9 12.4 

White only ........................... 13.2 12.2 11.7 12.1 

Black or African American only............. 17.0 15.2 14.3 15.5 

Poverty status3,5 

Poor ................................. 26.8 24.6 23.2 24.1 

Near poor ............................. 19.0 19.1 17.5 18.8 

Nonpoor .............................. 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.9 

Hispanic origin and race 

and poverty status3,4,5 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ............................... 19.7 16.4 16.9 17.2 

Near poor ........................... 13.1 11.4 11.4 11.2 

Nonpoor ............................ 9.8 7.9 7.4 7.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ............................. 29.5 27.6 25.6 26.4 

Near poor .......................... 20.7 21.5 19.7 20.8 

Nonpoor ........................... 10.7 10.2 9.8 10.2 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ............................. 29.4 28.0 24.7 27.0 

Near poor .......................... 20.0 19.1 18.3 22.1 

Nonpoor ........................... 10.7 10.1 9.7 10.3 

Geographic region3 

Northeast ............................. 13.0 11.3 10.6 11.1 

Midwest .............................. 13.1 12.9 12.3 13.4 

South ................................ 13.9 12.6 11.7 12.3 

West ................................ 13.0 11.7 12.1 11.5 

Location of residence3 

Within MSA6 ........................... 12.7 11.4 10.9 11.3 

Outside MSA6 .......................... 15.5 15.1 14.6 15.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 205 
Table 56 (page 2 of 3). Limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2000 2001 1997 1999 2000 2001 

65 years of age and over Percent with ADL limitation7 Percent with IADL limitation7 

All adults 65 years of age and over2,8 ......... 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.4 13.7 12.4 12.7 12.6 

Age 

65–74 years ........................... 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.7 

75 years and over ....................... 10.4 9.9 9.5 9.6 21.2 19.1 19.3 18.9 

Sex8 

Male................................. 5.2 4.9 5.1 6.1 9.1 8.4 9.2 9.6 

Female ............................... 7.7 7.2 7.0 6.6 16.9 15.1 15.1 14.6 

Race4,8 

White only............................. 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.7 13.1 11.6 12.1 11.8 

Black or African American only .............. 11.7 12.0 10.2 11.7 21.3 20.9 19.2 18.7 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ....... * * * * * *25.2 * * 

Asian only............................. * * *7.4 *9.1 *9.1 *9.1 *10.1 15.8 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only .......................... - - - * * * - - - * * * 

2 or more races ......................... - - - * * * - - - * * *16.1 

Hispanic origin and race4,8 

Hispanic or Latino ....................... 10.8 8.6 8.6 11.2 16.3 14.1 13.4 17.0 

Mexican............................. 11.4 8.9 9.4 10.6 18.8 15.6 16.3 17.0 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 13.6 12.3 12.6 12.3 

White only ........................... 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.5 13.0 11.5 12.1 11.6 

Black or African American only............. 11.7 12.0 10.1 11.8 21.2 21.0 19.1 18.7 

Poverty status5,8 

Poor ................................. 13.0 10.1 9.6 12.7 26.9 22.3 20.2 24.8 

Near poor ............................. 7.5 6.7 7.1 7.4 16.3 15.1 15.3 15.0 

Nonpoor .............................. 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.0 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.7 

Hispanic origin and race 

and poverty status4,5,8 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ............................... 15.5 *8.4 12.3 14.1 25.8 17.9 17.6 23.5 

Near poor ........................... 11.3 *8.6 *7.6 10.5 16.5 14.1 14.1 14.6 

Nonpoor ............................ * *8.1 *6.5 *8.4 *9.7 *10.4 *7.9 *11.7 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ............................. 12.7 8.8 8.9 11.2 27.2 21.2 20.0 25.2 

Near poor .......................... 6.7 5.7 6.4 6.1 15.8 14.3 14.8 14.0 

Nonpoor ........................... 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.4 10.0 9.2 9.2 9.0 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ............................. 12.9 13.9 9.9 18.2 27.4 27.9 21.8 29.1 

Near poor .......................... 12.0 15.2 11.2 13.4 21.4 23.5 20.5 19.3 

Nonpoor ........................... *10.6 *8.9 *11.9 *12.0 *13.0 18.4 15.5 18.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

206 Health, United States, 2003
Table 56 (page 3 of 3). Limitation of activity caused by chronic conditions, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2000 2001 1997 1999 2000 2001 

Geographic region8 Percent with ADL limitation7 Percent with IADL limitation7 

Northeast ............................. 6.1 5.8 5.7 6.6 12.2 11.2 11.5 11.3 

Midwest .............................. 5.8 5.4 5.6 4.9 13.1 12.3 13.2 12.5 

South ................................ 8.2 7.1 7.4 7.5 15.8 13.2 13.1 13.3 

West ................................ 5.9 6.7 5.7 6.0 12.4 12.3 12.6 12.6 

Location of residence8 

Within MSA6 ........................... 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.1 13.5 12.1 12.6 12.2 

Outside MSA6 .......................... 7.2 6.4 6.0 7.3 14.4 13.4 13.2 13.7 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Limitation of activity is assessed by asking respondents a series of questions about limitations in their ability to perform activities usual for their age group because of

a physical, mental, or emotional problem. See Appendix II, Limitation of activity; Activities of daily living; Condition; Instrumental activities of daily living.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown poverty status.

3

Estimates for all persons are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of persons with activity

limitation are: identical for white and black persons; 1.1 percentage points higher for AI/AN persons; and 0.5 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander per-

sons; for persons 65 years of age and older with ADL limitation: identical for white persons; and 0.1 percentage points lower for black persons; for persons 65 years of

age and older with IADL limitation: identical for white persons; 0.2 percentage points lower for black persons; 3.0 percentage points lower for AI/AN persons; and 0.2

percentage points lower for Asian and Pacific Islander persons than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

5

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Poverty status was unknown for 20 percent of persons in the sample in 1997, 25 percent in

1998, 28 percent in 1999, 27 percent in 2000, and 28 percent in 2001. See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty level.

6

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

7

These estimates are for elderly noninstitutionalized persons. ADL is activities of daily living and IADL is instrumental activities of daily living. Respondents were asked

about needing the help of another person with personal care (ADL) and routine needs such as chores and shopping (IADL) because of a physical, mental, or emotional

problem. See Appendix II, Activities of daily living; Condition; Instrumental activities of daily living.

8

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

NOTE: Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core questionnaire. 

Health, United States, 2003 207 
Table 57 (page 1 of 2). Respondent-assessed health status according to selected characteristics: United States, 

selected years 1991–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1991 1995 19971 19981 19991 20001 20011 

Percent of persons with fair or poor health2 

Total3,4 ............................... 10.4 10.6 9.2 9.1 8.9 9.0 9.2 

Age 

Under 18 years ......................... 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 

Under 6 years ........................ 2.7 2.7 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 

6–17 years .......................... 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 

18–44 years ........................... 6.1 6.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4 

18–24 years.......................... 4.8 4.5 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 

25–44 years.......................... 6.4 7.2 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.7 6.0 

45–54 years ........................... 13.4 13.4 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.7 

55–64 years ........................... 20.7 21.4 18.2 18.0 18.5 17.9 19.2 

65 years and over ....................... 29.0 28.3 26.7 26.7 26.1 27.0 26.6 

65–74 years.......................... 26.0 25.6 23.1 23.9 22.7 22.6 23.0 

75 years and over ..................... 33.6 32.2 31.5 30.4 30.2 32.2 30.8 

Sex3 

Male................................. 10.0 10.1 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.8 9.0 

Female ............................... 10.8 11.1 9.7 9.4 9.2 9.3 9.5 

Race3,5 

White only............................. 9.6 9.7 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.2 

Black or African American only .............. 16.8 17.2 15.8 15.7 14.6 14.6 15.4 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ....... 18.3 18.7 17.3 17.6 14.7 17.2 14.5 

Asian only............................. 7.8 9.3 7.8 7.1 8.6 7.4 8.1 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only .......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * 

2 or more races ......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.9 16.4 13.8 

Black or African American; White ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - *20.5 14.6 *10.1 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White .... - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.5 18.8 15.0 

Hispanic origin and race3,5 

Hispanic or Latino ....................... 15.6 15.1 13.0 13.1 11.9 12.9 12.7 

Mexican............................. 17.0 16.7 13.1 13.5 12.3 12.9 12.5 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... # # 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.7 8.9 

White only ........................... 9.1 9.1 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.9 

Black or African American only............. 16.8 17.3 15.8 15.8 14.6 14.6 15.5 

Poverty status3,6 

Poor ................................. 22.8 23.7 21.4 22.2 21.7 20.9 21.0 

Near poor ............................. 14.7 15.5 14.6 15.6 14.9 15.3 15.5 

Nonpoor .............................. 6.8 6.7 6.1 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.2 

Hispanic origin and race and 

poverty status3,5,6 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ............................... 23.6 22.7 19.8 21.7 18.9 19.1 18.8 

Near poor ........................... 18.0 16.9 14.0 15.3 14.2 16.5 15.2 

Nonpoor ............................ 9.3 8.7 8.8 7.9 8.2 8.4 9.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ............................. 21.9 22.8 20.6 21.3 20.5 20.1 19.4 

Near poor .......................... 14.0 14.8 14.1 15.3 14.5 14.7 14.6 

Nonpoor ........................... 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.8 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ............................. 25.8 27.7 25.6 26.3 27.2 25.3 26.5 

Near poor .......................... 17.0 19.3 19.5 19.3 18.2 19.4 20.9 

Nonpoor ........................... 10.9 9.9 9.6 9.0 8.6 9.6 9.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

208 Health, United States, 2003
Table 57 (page 2 of 2). Respondent-assessed health status according to selected characteristics: United States, 

selected years 1991–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1991 1995 19971 19981 19991 20001 20011 

Geographic region3 Percent of persons with fair or poor health2 

Northeast ............................. 8.3 9.1 8.0 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.4 

Midwest .............................. 9.1 9.7 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.8 

South ................................ 13.1 12.3 10.8 10.9 10.5 10.7 10.8 

West ................................ 9.7 10.1 8.8 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.6 

Location of residence3 

Within MSA7 ........................... 9.9 10.1 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.5 8.7 

Outside MSA7 .......................... 11.9 12.6 11.1 11.4 11.1 11.1 11.0 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

#Estimates calculated upon request.

1

Data starting in 1997 are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey.

2

See Appendix II, Health status, respondent-assessed.

3

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown poverty status.

5

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of persons in fair or poor

health are: identical for the white and black groups; 0.1 percentage points lower for the Asian and Pacific Islander group; and 0.8 percentage points higher for the AI/AN

group than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

6

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Missing family income data were imputed for 16–18 percent of persons in 1991 and 1995.

Poverty status was unknown for 20 percent of persons in the sample in 1997, 25 percent in 1998, 28 percent in 1999, 27 percent in 2000, and 29 percent in 2001. See

Appendix II, Family Income; Poverty level.

7

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core questionnaire. 

Health, United States, 2003 209 
Table 59 (page 1 of 2). Current cigarette smoking by persons 18 years of age and over according to sex, 

race, and age: United States, selected years 1965–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Sex, race, and age 1965 1974 1979 1983 1985 1990 1995 19971 19981 19991 20001 20011 

18 years and over, age adjusted2 Percent of persons who are current cigarette smokers3 

All persons ....................... 41.9 37.0 33.3 31.9 29.9 25.3 24.6 24.6 24.0 23.3 23.1 22.7 

Male ............................ 51.2 42.8 37.0 34.8 32.2 28.0 26.5 27.1 25.9 25.2 25.2 24.7 

Female .......................... 33.7 32.2 30.1 29.4 27.9 22.9 22.7 22.2 22.1 21.6 21.1 20.8 

White male4 

....................... 50.4 41.7 36.4 34.2 31.3 27.6 26.2 26.8 26.0 25.0 25.5 24.9 

Black or African American male4 ........ 58.8 53.6 43.9 41.7 40.2 32.8 29.4 32.4 29.0 28.4 25.7 27.6 

White female4 ..................... 33.9 32.0 30.3 29.6 27.9 23.5 23.4 22.8 23.0 22.5 22.0 22.1 

Black or African American female4 ....... 31.8 35.6 30.5 31.3 30.9 20.8 23.5 22.5 21.1 20.5 20.7 17.9 

18 years and over, crude 

All persons ....................... 42.4 37.1 33.5 32.1 30.1 25.5 24.7 24.7 24.1 23.5 23.3 22.8 

Male ............................ 51.9 43.1 37.5 35.1 32.6 28.4 27.0 27.6 26.4 25.7 25.7 25.2 

Female .......................... 33.9 32.1 29.9 29.5 27.9 22.8 22.6 22.1 22.0 21.5 21.0 20.7 

White male4 

....................... 51.1 41.9 36.8 34.5 31.7 28.0 26.6 27.2 26.3 25.3 25.8 25.1 

Black or African American male4 ........ 60.4 54.3 44.1 40.6 39.9 32.5 28.5 32.2 29.0 28.6 26.1 27.6 

White female4 ..................... 34.0 31.7 30.1 29.4 27.7 23.4 23.1 22.5 22.6 22.1 21.6 21.7 

Black or African American female4 ....... 33.7 36.4 31.1 32.2 31.0 21.2 23.5 22.5 21.1 20.6 20.8 18.0 

All males 

18–24 years ...................... 54.1 42.1 35.0 32.9 28.0 26.6 27.8 31.7 31.3 29.5 28.5 30.4 

25–34 years ...................... 60.7 50.5 43.9 38.8 38.2 31.6 29.5 30.3 28.5 29.1 29.0 27.2 

35–44 years ...................... 58.2 51.0 41.8 41.0 37.6 34.5 31.5 32.1 30.2 30.0 30.2 27.4 

45–64 years ...................... 51.9 42.6 39.3 35.9 33.4 29.3 27.1 27.6 27.7 25.8 26.4 26.4 

65 years and over .................. 28.5 24.8 20.9 22.0 19.6 14.6 14.9 12.8 10.4 10.5 10.2 11.5 

White male4 

18–24 years ...................... 53.0 40.8 34.3 32.5 28.4 27.4 28.4 34.0 34.1 30.5 30.9 32.5 

25–34 years ...................... 60.1 49.5 43.6 38.6 37.3 31.6 29.9 30.4 29.2 30.8 29.9 29.0 

35–44 years ...................... 57.3 50.1 41.3 40.8 36.6 33.5 31.2 32.1 29.6 29.5 30.6 27.8 

45–64 years ...................... 51.3 41.2 38.3 35.0 32.1 28.7 26.3 26.5 27.0 24.5 25.8 25.1 

65 years and over .................. 27.7 24.3 20.5 20.6 18.9 13.7 14.1 11.5 10.0 10.0 9.8 10.7 

Black or African American male4 

18–24 years ...................... 62.8 54.9 40.2 34.2 27.2 21.3 *14.6 23.5 19.7 23.6 20.8 21.6 

25–34 years ...................... 68.4 58.5 47.5 39.9 45.6 33.8 25.1 31.6 25.2 22.7 23.3 23.8 

35–44 years ...................... 67.3 61.5 48.6 45.5 45.0 42.0 36.3 33.9 36.1 34.8 30.8 29.9 

45–64 years ...................... 57.9 57.8 50.0 44.8 46.1 36.7 33.9 39.4 37.3 35.7 32.2 34.3 

65 years and over .................. 36.4 29.7 26.2 38.9 27.7 21.5 28.5 26.0 16.3 17.3 14.2 21.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

212 Health, United States, 2003
Table 59 (page 2 of 2). Current cigarette smoking by persons 18 years of age and over according to sex, 

race, and age: United States, selected years 1965–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Sex, race, and age 1965 1974 1979 1983 1985 1990 1995 19971 19981 19991 20001 20011 

All females Percent of persons who are current cigarette smokers3 

18–24 years ...................... 38.1 34.1 33.8 35.5 30.4 22.5 21.8 25.7 24.5 26.3 25.1 23.4 

25–34 years ...................... 43.7 38.8 33.7 32.6 32.0 28.2 26.4 24.8 24.6 23.5 22.5 23.0 

35–44 years ...................... 43.7 39.8 37.0 33.8 31.5 24.8 27.1 27.2 26.4 26.5 26.2 25.7 

45–64 years ...................... 32.0 33.4 30.7 31.0 29.9 24.8 24.0 21.5 22.5 21.0 21.6 21.4 

65 years and over .................. 9.6 12.0 13.2 13.1 13.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.2 10.7 9.3 9.2 

White female4 

18–24 years ...................... 38.4 34.0 34.5 36.5 31.8 25.4 24.9 29.4 28.1 29.6 28.7 27.2 

25–34 years ...................... 43.4 38.6 34.1 32.2 32.0 28.5 27.3 26.1 26.9 25.5 25.1 25.5 

35–44 years ...................... 43.9 39.3 37.2 34.8 31.0 25.0 27.0 27.5 26.6 26.9 26.6 27.0 

45–64 years ...................... 32.7 33.0 30.6 30.6 29.7 25.4 24.3 20.9 22.5 21.2 21.4 21.6 

65 years and over .................. 9.8 12.3 13.8 13.2 13.3 11.5 11.7 11.7 11.2 10.5 9.1 9.4 

Black or African American female4 

18–24 years ...................... 37.1 35.6 31.8 32.0 23.7 10.0 *8.8 11.5 *8.1 14.8 14.2 10.0 

25–34 years ...................... 47.8 42.2 35.2 38.0 36.2 29.1 26.7 22.5 21.5 18.2 15.5 16.8 

35–44 years ...................... 42.8 46.4 37.7 32.7 40.2 25.5 31.9 30.1 30.0 28.8 30.2 24.0 

45–64 years ...................... 25.7 38.9 34.2 36.3 33.4 22.6 27.5 28.4 25.4 22.3 25.6 22.6 

65 years and over .................. 7.1 *8.9 *8.5 *13.1 14.5 11.1 13.3 10.7 11.5 13.5 10.2 9.3 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent.

1

Data starting in 1997 are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey.

Cigarette smoking data were not collected in 1996.

2

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using five age groups: 18–24 years, 25–34 years, 35–44 years, 45–64 years, 65 years and over. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

Beginning in 1993 current cigarette smokers reported ever smoking 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and smoking now on every day or some days. See Appen dix II,

Cigarette smoking.

4

The race groups, white and black, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to

1997 Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The single race categories shown in the table

conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated accord­

ing to 1977 Standards. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one

race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Stan­

dards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of current smokers are: identical for white males and females; 0.1 percentage points higher

for black males; and 0.2 percentage points higher for black females than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race. For additional data on ciga­

rette smoking by racial groups, see table 61 of Health, United States, 2003.

NOTES: Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See 

www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. For more data on cigarette smoking see the National Health Interview Survey home page: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. Data are from the core questionnaire 

(1965) and the following questionnaire supplements: hypertension (1974), smoking (1979), alcohol and health practices (1983), health promotion and disease prevention (1985, 1990–91), cancer control and cancer epidemiology (1992), and year 2000 objectives (1993–95). Starting in 1997 data are from the family core and sample 

adult questionnaires. 

Health, United States, 2003 213 
Table 61 (page 1 of 2). Current cigarette smoking by adults according to sex, race,


Hispanic origin, age, and education: United States, average annual 1990–92, 1995–98, and 1999–2001


[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Male Female 

Characteristic 1990–92 1995–981 1999–20011 1990–92 1995–981 1999–20011 

18 years of age and over, age adjusted2 Percent of persons who are current cigarette smokers3 

All persons4 ......................... 27.9 26.5 25.1 23.7 22.1 21.2 

Race5 

White only .......................... 27.4 26.4 25.2 24.3 22.9 22.2 

Black or African American only ............ 33.9 30.7 27.2 23.1 21.8 19.7 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ..... 34.2 40.5 30.4 36.7 28.9 34.7 

Asian only .......................... 24.8 18.1 20.3 6.3 11.0 6.7 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only........................ - - - - - - * - - - - - - * 

2 or more races ...................... - - - - - - 34.5 - - - - - - 30.8 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White . . - - - - - - 38.7 - - - - - - 39.0 

Hispanic origin and race5 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 25.7 24.4 22.3 15.8 13.7 12.1 

Mexican .......................... 26.2 24.5 22.0 14.8 12.0 10.6 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................. 28.1 26.9 25.5 24.4 23.1 22.3 

White only......................... 27.7 26.9 25.6 25.2 24.1 23.5 

Black or African American only .......... 33.9 30.7 27.3 23.2 21.9 19.7 

18 years of age and over, crude 

All persons4 ......................... 28.4 27.0 25.5 23.6 22.0 21.0 

Race5 

White only .......................... 27.8 26.8 25.4 24.1 22.6 21.8 

Black or African American only ............ 33.2 30.6 27.4 23.3 21.8 19.8 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ..... 35.5 39.2 32.0 37.3 31.2 36.9 

Asian only .......................... 24.9 20.0 21.3 6.3 11.2 6.9 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only........................ - - - - - - * - - - - - - * 

2 or more races ...................... - - - - - - 35.9 - - - - - - 31.6 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White . . - - - - - - 41.0 - - - - - - 40.3 

Hispanic origin and race5 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 26.5 25.5 23.2 16.6 13.8 12.5 

Mexican .......................... 27.1 25.2 22.8 15.0 11.6 10.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................. 28.5 27.2 25.8 24.2 22.9 22.0 

White only......................... 28.0 27.0 25.6 24.8 23.5 22.8 

Black or African American only .......... 33.3 30.6 27.5 23.3 21.9 19.8 

18–24 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ................... 19.3 26.5 22.8 12.8 12.0 12.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ....................... 28.9 35.5 32.7 28.7 31.6 30.8 

Black or African American only......... 17.7 21.3 21.9 10.8 9.8 13.0 

25–34 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ................... 29.9 25.9 23.4 19.2 12.6 12.5 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ....................... 32.7 30.5 30.8 30.9 28.5 27.4 

Black or African American only......... 34.6 28.5 23.3 29.2 22.0 16.9 

35–44 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ................... 32.1 26.2 25.4 19.9 17.6 14.1 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ....................... 32.3 31.5 29.6 27.3 28.1 28.3 

Black or African American only......... 44.1 34.7 32.0 31.3 30.3 27.5 

45–64 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ................... 26.6 26.8 24.7 17.1 14.7 13.5 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ....................... 28.4 26.8 25.2 26.1 22.3 22.1 

Black or African American only......... 38.0 38.8 34.0 26.1 26.9 23.6 

65 years and over: 

Hispanic or Latino ................... 16.1 14.7 12.5 6.6 9.4 5.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ....................... 14.2 10.6 10.0 12.3 11.6 9.9 

Black or African American only......... 25.2 20.9 17.6 10.7 11.2 11.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 215 
Table 61 (page 2 of 2). Current cigarette smoking by adults according to sex, race,


Hispanic origin, age, and education: United States, average annual 1990–92, 1995–98, and 1999–2001


[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Male Female 

Characteristic 1990–92 1995–981 1999–20011 1990–92 1995–981 1999–20011 

Education, Hispanic origin, and race5,6 Percent of persons who are current cigarette smokers3 

25 years of age and over, age adjusted7 

No high school diploma or GED: 

Hispanic or Latino ................. 30.2 27.6 24.2 15.8 13.3 12.1 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only..................... 46.1 43.9 43.5 40.4 40.7 39.3 

Black or African American only ...... 45.4 44.6 40.0 31.3 30.0 29.4 

High school diploma or GED: 

Hispanic or Latino ................. 29.6 26.7 24.2 18.4 16.4 12.5 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only..................... 32.9 32.8 31.9 28.4 28.8 29.2 

Black or African American only ...... 38.2 35.7 31.5 25.4 26.6 23.0 

Some college or more: Hispanic or Latino ................. 20.4 16.6 17.2 14.3 13.5 11.1 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only..................... 19.3 18.3 17.6 18.1 17.2 16.7 

Black or African American only ...... 25.6 23.3 19.2 22.8 18.9 17.0 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Data starting in 1997 are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey.

Cigarette smoking data were not collected in 1996.

2

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using five age groups: 18–24 years, 25–34 years, 35–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.

See Appendix II, Age adjustment. For age groups where percent smoking is 0 or 100, the age adjustment procedure was modified to substitute the percent smoking

from the previous 3-year period.

3

Beginning in 1993 current cigarette smokers reported ever smoking 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and smoking now on every day or some days. See Appen dix II,

Cigarette smoking.

4

Includes all other races not shown separately.

5

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data years 1999–2001 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to

1997 Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple

race categories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999–2001 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the cat­

egory ‘‘2 or more races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data years 1999–2001, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards

with four racial groups and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999–2001

included persons who reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on

the 1999–2001 estimates can be seen by comparing 1999–2001 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standards

of the percent of current smokers for adults 18 years of age and over are: identical for white males; 0.2 percentage points higher for black males; 1.1 percentage points

higher for AI/AN males; 0.9 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander males; identical for white females; 0.1 percentage points higher for black females;

1.0 percentage points higher for AI/AN females; and 1.6 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander females than estimates based on the 1997 Standards.

See Appendix II, Race.

6

Education categories shown are for 1997 and subsequent years. GED stands for General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma. In years prior to

1997 the following categories based on number of years of school completed were used: less than 12 years, 12 years, 13 years or more. See Appendix II, Education.

7

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using four age groups: 25–34 years, 35–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. See Appendix II, Age

adjustment.

NOTES: Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See 

www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. For more data on cigarette smoking see the National Health Interview Survey home page: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. Data are from the following questionnaire supplements: health promotion and disease prevention (1990–91), cancer control and cancer epidemiology (1992), and year 2000 objectives (1993–95). Starting 

in 1997 data are from the family core and sample adult questionnaires. 

216 Health, United States, 2003
Table 65 (page 1 of 3). Alcohol consumption by persons 18 years of age and over, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Both sexes Male Female 

Characteristic 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 

Drinking status1 Percent distribution 

18 years and over, age adjusted2 

All .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Lifetime abstainer ....................... 21.2 24.1 22.6 14.0 17.5 15.2 27.6 29.9 29.2 

Former drinker ......................... 15.7 14.4 14.9 16.2 14.9 16.0 15.3 14.2 14.0 

Infrequent ........................... 9.0 8.2 8.5 7.7 7.0 7.7 10.1 9.2 9.1 

Regular ............................. 6.7 6.3 6.4 8.5 7.8 8.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 

Current drinker ......................... 63.1 61.5 62.5 69.8 67.7 68.8 57.0 55.8 56.8 

Infrequent ........................... 15.0 14.7 12.8 11.7 11.1 9.2 18.1 18.2 16.2 

Regular ............................. 48.1 46.7 48.7 58.1 56.6 58.4 38.9 37.7 39.7 

18 years and over, crude 

All .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Lifetime abstainer ....................... 21.1 24.0 22.5 14.0 17.5 15.2 27.7 30.1 29.3 

Former drinker ......................... 15.5 14.3 14.8 15.6 14.3 15.5 15.4 14.3 14.1 

Infrequent ........................... 8.9 8.1 8.4 7.5 6.8 7.5 10.1 9.3 9.2 

Regular ............................. 6.6 6.2 6.4 8.1 7.5 8.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 

Current drinker ......................... 63.4 61.7 62.7 70.5 68.2 69.3 57.0 55.6 56.6 

Infrequent ........................... 15.0 14.7 12.9 11.7 11.1 9.3 18.1 18.1 16.2 

Regular ............................. 48.4 46.9 48.8 58.8 57.2 58.9 38.8 37.5 39.5 

Age Percent current drinkers among all persons 

All persons: 

18–44 years.......................... 69.4 67.4 69.0 74.8 73.0 75.0 64.2 61.9 63.2 

18–24 years ........................ 62.2 59.4 63.6 66.7 64.0 69.6 57.7 54.9 57.7 

25–44 years ........................ 71.6 69.9 70.8 77.2 76.0 76.8 66.1 64.1 65.0 

45–64 years.......................... 63.3 62.0 62.5 70.8 68.1 67.8 56.2 56.3 57.5 

45–54 years ........................ 67.1 65.1 65.6 73.8 70.3 70.1 60.7 60.1 61.2 

55–64 years ........................ 57.3 57.2 57.6 65.8 64.6 64.2 49.4 50.6 51.6 

65 years and over ..................... 43.4 42.1 42.0 52.7 50.0 50.9 36.6 36.2 35.5 

65–74 years ........................ 48.6 46.9 45.8 56.7 52.6 55.2 42.0 42.2 38.2 

75 years and over .................... 36.6 36.3 37.6 46.7 46.6 45.1 30.2 29.7 32.6 

Race2,3 

White only............................. 66.0 64.6 65.8 71.8 69.7 71.0 60.7 59.9 61.0 

Black or African American only .............. 47.8 46.8 46.6 56.9 56.2 56.9 40.9 39.4 38.6 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ....... 53.9 54.2 51.5 66.1 62.6 62.8 45.2 46.9 38.6 

Asian only............................. 45.8 43.0 44.7 60.1 55.9 59.7 31.6 29.3 30.1 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only .......................... - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * 

2 or more races ......................... - - - 61.6 68.5 - - - 70.5 69.9 - - - 52.7 67.1 

Hispanic origin and race2,3 

Hispanic or Latino ....................... 53.4 52.1 49.8 64.6 63.7 61.2 42.1 41.2 39.0 

Mexican............................. 53.0 50.6 49.8 66.9 64.4 63.0 38.9 36.8 36.7 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... 64.1 52.1 49.8 70.2 63.7 61.2 58.7 41.2 39.0 

White only ........................... 67.5 66.0 67.7 72.7 70.4 72.0 62.9 61.9 63.7 

Black or African American only............. 47.8 46.8 46.5 57.1 56.4 57.0 40.7 39.3 38.4 

Geographic region2 

Northeast ............................. 68.7 68.0 68.4 74.4 73.2 73.8 63.8 63.7 63.7 

Midwest .............................. 66.8 65.6 67.1 73.0 70.7 71.7 61.1 61.1 63.0 

South ................................ 56.2 54.3 55.5 63.9 62.1 63.2 49.2 47.1 48.5 

West ................................ 64.9 62.8 64.0 71.5 68.4 70.5 58.9 57.2 57.6 

Location of residence2 

Within MSA4 ........................... 64.7 63.0 64.1 71.0 69.0 70.4 59.1 57.5 58.3 

Outside MSA4 .......................... 57.4 56.0 56.9 65.7 62.6 62.8 49.5 50.3 51.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 

224 Health, United States, 2003
Table 65 (page 2 of 3). Alcohol consumption by persons 18 years of age and over, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Both sexes Male Female 

Characteristic 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 

Level of alcohol consumption in 

past year for current drinkers5 Percent distribution of current drinkers 

18 years and over, age adjusted2 

All drinking levels........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Light................................. 69.6 70.6 68.8 59.5 60.4 59.1 81.0 82.0 79.6 

Moderate ............................. 22.5 22.2 23.4 31.8 32.0 32.6 12.0 11.5 13.0 

Heavier............................... 7.9 7.1 7.9 8.7 7.7 8.3 7.0 6.5 7.3 

18 years and over, crude 

All drinking levels........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Light................................. 69.8 70.8 69.0 59.6 60.5 59.2 81.4 82.3 79.9 

Moderate ............................. 22.3 22.1 23.2 31.7 31.8 32.4 11.7 11.3 12.9 

Heavier............................... 7.9 7.1 7.8 8.8 7.7 8.4 6.9 6.4 7.2 

Number of days in the past year 

with 5 or more drinks Percent distribution of current drinkers 

18 years and over, crude 

All current drinkers ....................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

No days .............................. 65.9 68.2 67.6 54.7 56.9 57.2 78.6 80.6 79.0 

At least 1 day .......................... 34.1 31.8 32.4 45.3 43.1 42.8 21.4 19.4 21.0 

1–11 days ........................... 18.5 17.4 17.1 22.0 21.2 19.9 14.6 13.3 14.0 

12 or more days ....................... 15.6 14.4 15.3 23.4 21.9 22.8 6.8 6.1 7.0 

Hispanic origin, race, and age3 Percent of persons with 5 or more drinks on at least one day among current drinkers 

All persons: 

18 years and over, age adjusted2 

........... 32.4 30.3 30.6 43.3 41.2 40.5 20.2 18.5 19.9 

18 years and over, crude................. 34.1 31.8 32.4 45.3 43.1 42.7 21.4 19.4 20.9 

18–44 years.......................... 42.4 40.4 41.4 54.6 52.3 52.2 28.7 27.0 29.2 

18–24 years ........................ 51.6 52.2 51.8 61.5 60.8 60.1 40.2 42.4 41.7 

25–44 years ........................ 40.0 37.1 38.3 52.8 49.9 49.7 25.7 22.8 25.7 

45–64 years.......................... 25.3 23.5 23.8 36.1 35.0 34.7 12.9 10.8 11.9 

45–54 years ........................ 28.5 25.5 26.4 40.1 37.9 38.0 15.3 12.0 14.0 

55–64 years ........................ 19.6 19.9 18.9 28.9 29.9 28.7 8.3 8.7 8.0 

65 years and over ..................... 11.2 9.1 8.2 17.8 14.8 13.1 4.4 3.4 3.1 

65–74 years ........................ 13.9 11.3 10.2 21.6 18.3 15.5 5.5 4.2 4.0 

75 years and over .................... 6.7 5.8 5.3 11.0 9.5 9.1 *2.5 * * 

Race2,3 

White only............................. 33.3 31.0 31.8 44.4 41.8 42.0 20.9 19.2 20.7 

Black or African American only .............. 23.6 23.9 20.6 31.7 34.1 27.5 14.9 12.7 12.5 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ....... 54.5 45.0 34.6 70.5 47.0 35.9 38.4 34.7 *27.9 

Asian only............................. 25.5 20.3 23.2 30.7 25.4 28.9 16.6 10.8 *12.9 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only .......................... - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * 

2 or more races ......................... - - - 44.0 41.6 - - - 53.1 59.9 - - - 31.5 24.3 

Hispanic origin and race2,3 

Hispanic or Latino ....................... 36.8 31.9 32.2 46.3 43.0 41.9 22.3 16.0 17.9 

Mexican............................. 39.0 37.5 35.6 50.1 49.0 45.9 20.3 17.9 17.7 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... 31.9 31.9 32.2 42.7 43.0 41.9 20.0 16.0 17.9 

White only ........................... 33.2 31.2 32.0 44.5 42.1 42.2 21.0 19.7 21.3 

Black or African American only............. 23.4 23.8 20.5 31.7 33.8 27.4 14.4 12.7 12.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 225 
Table 65 (page 3 of 3). Alcohol consumption by persons 18 years of age and over, according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Both sexes Male Female 

Characteristic 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 1997 2000 2001 

Geographic region Percent of persons with 5 or more drinks on at least one day among current drinkers 

Northeast ............................. 31.3 28.9 30.0 43.1 39.7 41.4 18.9 18.1 18.8 

Midwest .............................. 33.8 33.3 33.6 44.7 44.7 44.4 21.6 21.5 22.4 

South ................................ 30.9 27.4 27.9 40.5 37.1 36.1 19.2 15.6 18.0 

West ................................ 33.4 32.0 31.7 44.6 43.1 41.4 20.8 18.8 20.1 

Location of residence2 

Within MSA4 ........................... 31.6 30.0 30.1 42.4 40.4 39.9 19.8 18.5 19.1 

Outside MSA4 .......................... 34.8 31.3 32.8 45.7 43.1 42.2 21.2 18.5 22.5 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Drinking status categories are based on self-reported responses to questions about alcohol consumption. Lifetime abstainers had fewer than 12 drinks in their lifetime.

Former drinkers had at least 12 drinks in their lifetime and none in the past year. Former infrequent drinkers are former drinkers who had fewer than 12 drinks in any

one year. Former regular drinkers are former drinkers who had at least 12 drinks in any one year. Current drinkers had 12 drinks in their lifetime and at least one drink

in the past year. Current infrequent drinkers are current drinkers who had fewer than 12 drinks in the past year. Current regular drinkers are current drinkers who had at

least 12 drinks in the past year. See Appendix II, Alcohol consumption.

2

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using four age groups: 18–24 years, 25–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over. See Appen­

dix II, Age adjustment.

3

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of persons who are cur-

rent drinkers are: identical for the white men; 0.3 percentage points higher for black men; 1.6 percentage points higher for AI/AN men; 0.2 percentage points lower for

Asian and Pacific Islander men; identical for white women; 0.2 percentage points higher for black women; 1.8 percentage points lower for AI/AN women; and 2.4 per­

centage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander women than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

4

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

5

Level of alcohol consumption categories are based on self-reported responses to questions about average alcohol consumption and defined as follows: light drinkers:

3 drinks or fewer per week; moderate drinkers: more than 3 drinks and up to 14 drinks per week for men and more than 3 drinks and up to 7 drinks per week for

women; heavier drinkers: more than 14 drinks per week for men and more than 7 drinks per week for women. (Most drinking guidelines consider more than 7 drinks

per week to be a heavier level of consumption for women. U.S. Department of Agriculture: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2000, 5th edition.)

NOTES: Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See 

www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. For more data on alcohol consumption see the National Health Interview Survey home page: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core and sample adult questionnaires. 

226 Health, United States, 2003
Table 66. Hypertension among persons 20 years of age and over, according to sex, age, race, and 

Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 1999–2000 

[Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–80 2 1988–943 1999–20003 

20–74 years, age adjusted4 Percent of population (standard error) 

Both sexes5,6 ........................ 38.1 39.8 40.4 23.9 (0.6) 28.7 (1.6) 

Male .............................. 

Female5 ............................ 41.3 35.0 

43.9 45.2 26.4 (0.9) 

35.8 35.8 21.4 (0.7) 

29.8 (1.9) 

27.5 (1.7) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female5 .................. 

- - -

- - -

- - - 45.0 25.6 (1.0) 

- - - 33.7 19.7 (0.8) 

28.8 (2.0) 

24.5 (1.9) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female5 .... - - - - - -- - - 50.7 36.5 (1.0) - - - 51.1 36.4 (0.9) 37.8 (2.9) 

40.9 (2.4) 

Mexican male ........................ 

Mexican female5 ...................... 

- - -

- - -

- - - 25.6 25.9 (1.2) 

- - - 22.5 22.3 (1.0) 

30.6 (2.6) 

25.0 (1.8) 

20 years and over, age adjusted4 

Both sexes5,6 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 27.8 (0.6) 32.8 (1.5) 

Male .............................. 

Female5 ............................ - - -- - -

- - - - - - 29.4 (0.9) 

- - - - - - 25.9 (0.6) 

33.1 (1.7) 

32.1 (1.6) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... White only, female5 .................. - - - - - -- - - - - - 28.6 (1.0) - - - - - - 24.4 (0.7) 32.2 (1.9) 

29.5 (1.8) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female5 .... - - - - - -- - - - - - 39.7 (1.1) - - - - - - 39.9 (0.9) 41.6 (2.7) 

44.7 (2.2) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female5 ...................... - - - - - - - - - 29.5 (1.2) 34.5 (2.6) - - - - - - - - - 26.4 (0.9) 29.9 (1.7) 

20 years and over, crude 

Both sexes5,6 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 26.3 (0.8) 32.2 (1.5) 

Male .............................. - - - - - - - - - 26.6 (1.0) 31.2 (1.7) 

Female5............................ - - - - - - - - - 26.0 (0.9) 33.1 (1.8) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... - - - - - - - - - 27.1 (1.2) 32.3 (1.8) 

White only, female5 .................. - - - - - - - - - 26.1 (1.1) 32.6 (2.2) 

Black or African American only, male ...... - - - - - - - - - 33.1 (1.2) 35.1 (3.0) 

Black or African American only, female5 .... - - - - - - - - - 33.8 (1.2) 40.6 (3.1) 

Mexican male........................ - - - - - - - - - 18.8 (1.3) 24.0 (2.9) 

Mexican female5 ...................... - - - - - - - - - 17.1 (0.8) 21.1 (2.2) 

Male 

20–34 years ......................... 22.8 24.8 28.9 8.6 (1.0) *11.8 (2.6) 

35–44 years ......................... 37.7 39.1 40.5 20.8 (1.7) 19.2 (2.8) 

45–54 years ......................... 47.6 55.0 53.6 34.0 (2.2) 36.9 (3.3) 

55–64 years ......................... 60.3 62.5 61.8 42.9 (2.6) 50.7 (4.3) 

65–74 years ......................... 68.8 67.2 67.1 57.3 (2.5) 68.3 (4.9) 

75 years and over..................... - - - - - - - - - 64.2 (2.2) 70.7 (3.2) 

Female5 

20–34 years ......................... 9.3 11.2 11.1 3.3 (0.6) *3.1 (0.9) 

35–44 years ......................... 24.0 28.2 28.8 12.6 (1.1) 18.6 (2.9) 

45–54 years ......................... 43.4 43.6 47.1 25.1 (2.1) 33.4 (3.4) 

55–64 years ......................... 66.4 62.5 61.1 44.1 (2.5) 57.9 (3.2) 

65–74 years ......................... 81.5 78.3 71.8 60.6 (1.6) 73.4 (3.5) 

75 years and over..................... - - - - - - - - - 76.5 (1.7) 84.9 (3.2) 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent. - - - Data not available.

1

Persons of Mexican origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997 Standards for Federal data on

Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The two non-Hispanic race categories shown in the table conform to 1997 Stan­

dards. The 1999–2000 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977

Standards. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as

best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999–2000 estimates can be seen by comparing 1999–2000 data tabulated according to the two

Standards: Estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of the population 20–74 years, age adjusted, with hypertension are: 0.1 percentage points higher for

white males; 0.2 percentage points higher for white females; 0.2 percentage points higher for black males; and 0.1 percentage points higher for black females than esti­

mates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

2

Data for Mexicans are for 1982–84. See Appendix I, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

3

Standard errors of estimates for 1988–94 and 1999–2000 are shown. 1999–2000 estimates are based on a smaller sample size than estimates for earlier time periods

and therefore are subject to greater sampling error.

4

Age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using five age groups except for 1999–2000 estimates, which are age adjusted using three age groups (20–39, 40–59,

and 60–74 or 60 years and over) due to a smaller sample size; however, use of three rather than five groups had virtually no effect on age-adjusted estimates. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

5

Excludes pregnant women. 6Includes persons of all races and Hispanic origins, not just those shown separately.

NOTES: A person with hypertension is defined by either having elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure of at least 90 

mmHg) or taking antihypertensive medication. Percents are based on a single measurement of blood pressure to provide comparable data across the five time periods. 

Some data for 1988–94 have been revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United States. Estimates for persons 20 years and over are used for setting 

and tracking Healthy People 2010 objectives. 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and 

Nutrition Examination Survey (1982–84), and National Health Examination Survey (1960–62). 

Health, United States, 2003 227 
Table 67 (page 1 of 2). Serum cholesterol levels among persons 20 years of age and over, according to 

sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 1999–2000 

[Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–80 2 1988–943 1999–20003 

20–74 years, age adjusted4 Percent of population with high serum cholesterol (standard error) 

Both sexes5 ....................... 33.3 28.6 27.8 19.7 (0.6) 18.0 (0.9) 

Male ............................ 30.6 27.9 26.4 18.8 (0.8) 17.7 (1.1) 

Female .......................... 35.6 29.1 28.8 20.5 (0.8) 18.2 (1.3) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................. - - - - - - 26.4 18.7 (0.9) 18.3 (1.4) 

White only, female ................ - - - - - - 29.6 20.7 (1.0) 19.3 (1.7) 

Black or African American only, male . . . - - - - - - 25.5 16.4 (1.0) 10.7 (2.1) 

Black or African American only, female . . - - - - - - 26.3 19.9 (0.8) 16.5 (2.5) 

Mexican male ..................... - - - - - - 20.3 18.7 (1.5) 17.8 (1.9) 

Mexican female .................... - - - - - - 20.5 17.7 (1.2) 13.1 (1.3) 

20 years and over, age adjusted4 

Both sexes5 ....................... - - - - - - - - - 20.8 (0.6) 18.3 (0.8) 

Male ............................ - - - - - - - - - 19.0 (0.7) 17.2 (1.1) 

Female .......................... - - - - - - - - - 22.0 (0.8) 19.1 (1.2) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................. - - - - - - - - - 18.8 (0.8) 17.8 (1.3) 

White only, female ................ - - - - - - - - - 22.2 (1.0) 19.9 (1.6) 

Black or African American only, male . . . - - - - - - - - - 16.9 (0.9) 10.6 (1.9) 

Black or African American only, female . . - - - - - - - - - 21.4 (0.9) 17.7 (2.4) 

Mexican male ..................... - - - - - - - - - 18.5 (1.6) 17.8 (1.9) 

Mexican female .................... - - - - - - - - - 18.7 (1.3) 13.9 (1.3) 

20 years and over, crude 

Both sexes5 

....................... - - - - - - - - - 19.6 (0.6) 17.8 (0.9) 

Male ............................ - - - - - - - - - 17.7 (0.7) 16.7 (1.1) 

Female .......................... - - - - - - - - - 21.3 (0.9) 18.7 (1.2) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................. - - - - - - - - - 18.0 (0.8) 17.7 (1.4) 

White only, female ................ - - - - - - - - - 22.5 (1.1) 20.2 (1.6) 

Black or African American only, male . . . - - - - - - - - - 14.7 (1.0) *10.1 (2.1) 

Black or African American only, female . . - - - - - - - - - 18.2 (0.9) 15.9 (2.2) 

Mexican male ..................... - - - - - - - - - 15.4 (1.3) 14.8 (2.0) 

Mexican female .................... - - - - - - - - - 14.3 (1.1) 11.3 (1.4) 

Male 

20–34 years ...................... 15.1 12.4 11.9 8.2 (0.9) 11.0 (1.5) 

35–44 years ...................... 33.9 31.8 27.9 19.4 (1.6) 21.1 (3.3) 

45–54 years ...................... 39.2 37.5 36.9 26.6 (2.3) 22.9 (3.4) 

55–64 years ...................... 41.6 36.2 36.8 28.0 (2.1) 16.5 (2.4) 

65–74 years ...................... 38.0 34.7 31.7 21.9 (2.2) 19.2 (2.8) 

75 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - 20.4 (1.8) *10.1 (2.1) 

Female 

20–34 years ...................... 12.4 10.9 9.8 7.3 (1.0) 9.3 (1.4) 

35–44 years ...................... 23.1 19.3 20.7 12.3 (1.3) 12.8 (2.5) 

45–54 years ...................... 46.9 38.7 40.5 26.7 (2.1) 23.7 (4.2) 

55–64 years ...................... 70.1 53.1 52.9 40.9 (1.9) 26.2 (3.1) 

65–74 years ...................... 68.5 57.7 51.6 41.3 (2.4) 37.4 (4.0) 

75 years and over .................. - - - - - - - - - 38.2 (2.2) 27.6 (2.5) 

See footnotes at end of table. 

228 Health, United States, 2003
Table 67 (page 2 of 2). Serum cholesterol levels among persons 20 years of age and over, according to 

sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 1999–2000 

[Data are based on physical examinations of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–80 2 1988–943 1999–20003 

20–74 years, age adjusted4 Mean serum cholesterol level, mg/dL (standard error) 

Both sexes5 ......................... 222 216 215 205 (0.8) 204 (1.0) 

Male .............................. 220 216 213 204 (0.9) 204 (1.2) 

Female ............................ 224 217 216 205 (0.8) 203 (1.4) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... - - - - - - 213 204 (1.0) 204 (1.6) 

White only, female ................... - - - - - - 216 206 (1.1) 206 (1.7) 

Black or African American only, male ...... - - - - - - 211 201 (1.3) 192 (2.5) 

Black or African American only, female .... - - - - - - 216 204 (0.6) 200 (2.8) 

Mexican male ........................ - - - - - - 209 206 (1.6) 207 (1.7) 

Mexican female ...................... - - - - - - 209 204 (1.3) 198 (2.0) 

20 years and over, age adjusted4

Both sexes5 .........................- - - - - - - - - 206 (0.7) 204 (0.9) 

Male .............................. - - - - - - - - - 204 (0.9) 203 (1.1) 

Female ............................ - - - - - - - - - 207 (0.8) 205 (1.3) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... - - - - - - - - - 205 (1.0) 204 (1.5) 

White only, female ................... - - - - - - - - - 208 (1.1) 207 (1.6) 

Black or African American only, male ...... - - - - - - - - - 202 (1.3) 192 (2.3) 

Black or African American only, female .... - - - - - - - - - 207 (0.7) 201 (2.7) 

Mexican male........................ - - - - - - - - - 206 (1.5) 207 (1.7) 

Mexican female ...................... - - - - - - - - - 206 (1.3) 199 (1.9) 

20 years and over, crude

Both sexes5 .........................

- - - - - - - - - 204 (0.8) 203 (1.0) 

Male .............................. - - - - - - - - - 202 (0.9) 202 (1.1) 

Female ............................ - - - - - - - - - 206 (0.9) 204 (1.5) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... - - - - - - - - - 203 (1.0) 203 (1.5) 

White only, female ................... - - - - - - - - - 208 (1.3) 207 (1.6) 

Black or African American only, male ...... - - - - - - - - - 198 (1.3) 190 (2.5) 

Black or African American only, female .... - - - - - - - - - 201 (0.7) 198 (2.8) 

Mexican male........................ - - - - - - - - - 199 (1.6) 203 (1.8) 

Mexican female ...................... - - - - - - - - - 198 (1.5) 195 (2.0) 

Male 

20–34 years ......................... 198 194 192 186 (1.2) 189 (2.0) 

35–44 years ......................... 227 221 217 206 (1.6) 205 (2.8) 

45–54 years ......................... 231 229 227 216 (1.8) 215 (2.9) 

55–64 years ......................... 233 229 229 216 (2.2) 210 (2.5) 

65–74 years ......................... 230 226 221 212 (1.9) 210 (2.6) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 205 (1.9) 194 (2.4) 

Female 

20–34 years ......................... 194 191 189 184 (1.3) 186 (2.2) 

35–44 years ......................... 214 207 207 195 (1.4) 197 (2.1) 

45–54 years ......................... 237 232 232 217 (2.3) 213 (3.1) 

55–64 years ......................... 262 245 249 235 (1.6) 223 (2.8) 

65–74 years ......................... 266 250 246 233 (1.9) 229 (3.2) 

75 years and over..................... - - - - - - - - - 229 (2.0) 219 (2.5) 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent. - - - Data not available.

1

Persons of Mexican origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997 Standards for Federal data on

Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The two non-Hispanic race categories shown in the table conform to 1997 Stan­

dards. The 1999–2000 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977

Standards. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as

best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999–2000 estimates can be seen by comparing 1999–2000 data tabulated according to the two

Standards: Estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of the population 20–74 years, age adjusted, with high serum cholesterol are: 0.1 percentage points

lower for white males; 0.1 percentage points higher for white females; 0.1 percentage points lower for black males; and unchanged for black females than estimates

based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

2

Data for Mexicans are for 1982–84. See Appendix I, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

3

Standard errors of estimates for 1988–94 and 1999–2000 are shown. 1999–2000 estimates are based on a smaller sample size than estimates for earlier time periods

and therefore are subject to greater sampling error.

4

Age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using five age groups except for 1999–2000 estimates, which are age adjusted using three age groups (20–39, 40–59,

and 60–74 or 60 years and over) due to a smaller sample size; however, use of three rather than five groups had virtually no effect on age-adjusted estimates. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment. 5

Includes persons of all races and Hispanic origins, not just those shown separately.

NOTES: High serum cholesterol is defined as greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL (6.20 mmol/L). Risk levels have been defined by the Second report of the National 

Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 

National Institutes of Health. September 1993. (Summarized in JAMA 269(23):3015–23. June 16, 1993.) 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and 

Nutrition Examination Survey (1982–84), and National Health Examination Survey (1960–62). 

Health, United States, 2003 229 
Table 68 (page 1 of 4). Overweight, obesity, and healthy weight among persons 20 years of age and over, 

according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 

1999–2000 

[Data are based on measured height and weight of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Overweight 2 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–803 1988–944 1999–20004 

20–74 years, age adjusted5 Percent of population (standard error) 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ 44.8 47.7 47.4 56.0 (0.9) 64.5 (1.5) 

Male .............................. 

Female6 ............................ 

49.5 

40.2 

54.7 52.9 61.0 (1.0) 

41.1 42.0 51.2 (1.1) 

67.0 (1.5) 

62.0 (2.0) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - - 53.8 61.6 (1.2) 

- - - 38.7 47.2 (1.4) 

67.3 (2.0) 

57.2 (2.7) 

Black or African American only, male ...... 

Black or African American only, female6 .... 

- - -

- - -

- - - 51.3 58.2 (1.2) 

- - - 62.6 68.5 (1.4) 

60.3 (2.3) 

77.7 (1.9) 

Mexican male ........................ 

Mexican female6 ...................... - - -- - -

- - - 61.6 69.4 (1.1) 

- - - 61.7 69.6 (1.7) 

74.4 (2.8) 

71.8 (2.5) 

20 years and over, age adjusted5 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 56.0 (0.8) 64.5 (1.4) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - - 60.9 (1.0) - - - - - - 51.4 (1.0) 67.2 (1.4) 

61.9 (1.9) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... White only, female6 .................. - - - - - -- - - - - - 61.6 (1.2) - - - - - - 47.5 (1.3) 67.4 (1.8) 

57.3 (2.5) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - - 57.8 (1.2) - - - - - - 68.2 (1.3) 60.7 (1.9) 

77.3 (2.0) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - - 68.9 (1.1) - - - - - - 68.9 (1.6) 74.7 (2.6) 

71.9 (2.4) 

20 years and over, crude 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 54.9 (0.8) 64.1 (1.4) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - - 59.4 (1.0) - - - - - - 50.7 (1.0) 66.5 (1.4) 

61.8 (1.9) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - - - - - 60.6 (1.2) 

- - - - - - 47.4 (1.2) 

67.3 (1.8) 

57.8 (2.6) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - - 56.7 (1.2) - - - - - - 66.0 (1.4) 58.9 (2.3) 

76.5 (2.2) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - - 63.9 (1.5) - - - - - - 65.9 (1.4) 72.0 (3.7) 

69.4 (3.1) 

Male 

20–34 years ......................... 42.7 42.8 41.2 47.5 (1.4) 58.0 (2.5) 

35–44 years ......................... 53.5 63.2 57.2 65.5 (1.7) 67.6 (2.7) 

45–54 years ......................... 53.9 59.7 60.2 66.1 (2.1) 71.3 (3.5) 

55–64 years ......................... 52.2 58.5 60.2 70.5 (2.1) 72.5 (3.5) 

65–74 years ......................... 47.8 54.6 54.2 68.5 (2.1) 77.2 (3.6) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 56.5 (2.0) 66.4 (3.5) 

Female6 

20–34 years ......................... 21.2 25.8 27.9 37.0 (1.4) 51.5 (2.8) 

35–44 years ......................... 37.2 40.5 40.7 49.6 (2.4) 63.6 (4.1) 

45–54 years ......................... 49.3 49.0 48.7 60.3 (2.5) 64.7 (3.7) 

55–64 years ......................... 59.9 54.5 53.7 66.3 (1.6) 73.1 (3.7) 

65–74 years ......................... 60.9 55.9 59.5 60.3 (1.8) 70.1 (4.0) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 52.3 (1.5) 59.6 (3.7) 

See footnotes at end of table. 

230 Health, United States, 2003
Table 68 (page 2 of 4). Overweight, obesity, and healthy weight among persons 20 years of age and over, 

according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 

1999–2000 

[Data are based on measured height and weight of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Obesity 8 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–803 1988–944 1999–20004 

20–74 years, age adjusted5 Percent of population (standard error) 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ 13.3 14.6 15.1 23.3 (0.7) 30.9 (1.6) 

Male .............................. 

Female6 ............................ 

10.7 

15.7 

12.2 12.8 20.6 (0.7) 

16.8 17.1 26.0 (1.0) 

27.7 (1.7) 

34.0 (2.0) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - - 12.4 20.7 (0.9) 

- - - 15.4 23.3 (1.2) 

27.4 (1.9) 

30.4 (2.3) 

Black or African American only, male ...... 

Black or African American only, female6 .... 

- - -

- - -

- - - 16.5 21.3 (1.0) 

- - - 31.0 39.1 (1.4) 

28.9 (2.4) 

50.4 (2.8) 

Mexican male ........................ 

Mexican female6 ...................... - - -- - -

- - - 15.7 24.4 (1.1) 

- - - 26.6 36.1 (1.4) 

29.4 (2.5) 

40.1 (3.8) 

20 years and over, age adjusted5 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 22.9 (0.7) 30.5 (1.4) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - - 20.2 (0.7) - - - - - - 25.5 (0.9) 27.5 (1.6) 

33.4 (1.8) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... White only, female6 .................. - - - - - -- - - - - - 20.3 (0.8) - - - - - - 22.9 (1.1) 27.3 (1.8) 

30.1 (2.1) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - - 20.9 (1.0) - - - - - - 38.3 (1.4) 28.1 (2.3) 

49.7 (2.8) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - - 23.8 (1.0) - - - - - - 35.2 (1.4) 28.9 (2.3) 

39.7 (3.6) 

20 years and over, crude 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 22.3 (0.6) 30.3 (1.4) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - - 19.5 (0.7) - - - - - - 25.0 (0.9) 27.1 (1.6) 

33.3 (1.8) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - - - - - 19.9 (0.8) 

- - - - - - 22.7 (1.1) 

27.2 (1.8) 

30.3 (2.1) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - - 20.7 (1.0) - - - - - - 36.7 (1.4) 28.1 (2.6) 

49.4 (2.8) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - - 20.6 (1.2) - - - - - - 33.3 (1.3) 29.3 (2.8) 

37.9 (4.1) 

Male 

20–34 years ......................... 9.2 9.7 8.9 14.1 (1.0) 24.1 (1.9) 

35–44 years ......................... 12.1 13.5 13.5 21.5 (1.2) 25.2 (3.0) 

45–54 years ......................... 12.5 13.7 16.7 23.2 (1.7) 30.1 (4.4) 

55–64 years ......................... 9.2 14.1 14.1 27.2 (2.2) 32.9 (4.1) 

65–74 years ......................... 10.4 10.9 13.2 24.1 (1.8) 33.4 (3.9) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 13.2 (2.1) 20.4 (2.8) 

Female6 

20–34 years ......................... 7.2 9.7 11.0 18.5 (1.1) 25.8 (2.6) 

35–44 years ......................... 14.7 17.7 17.8 25.5 (2.1) 33.9 (3.0) 

45–54 years ......................... 20.3 18.9 19.6 32.4 (1.9) 38.1 (4.1) 

55–64 years ......................... 24.4 24.1 22.9 33.7 (1.8) 43.1 (4.2) 

65–74 years ......................... 23.2 22.0 21.5 26.9 (1.5) 38.8 (3.8) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 19.2 (1.3) 25.1 (4.0) 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 231 
Table 68 (page 3 of 4). Overweight, obesity, and healthy weight among persons 20 years of age and over, 

according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 

1999–2000 

[Data are based on measured height and weight of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Healthy weight 9 

Sex, age, race, 

and Hispanic origin1 1960–62 1971–74 1976–803 1988–944 1999–20004 

20–74 years, age adjusted5 Percent of population (standard error) 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ 51.2 48.8 49.6 41.7 (0.9) 33.6 (1.4) 

Male .............................. 

Female6 ............................ 

48.3 

54.1 

43.0 

54.3 

45.4 37.9 (1.0) 

53.7 45.3 (1.1) 

31.8 (1.5) 

35.3 (2.0) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - -

- - -

45.3 37.4 (1.2) 

56.7 49.2 (1.4) 

31.3 (2.0) 

39.1 (2.6) 

Black or African American only, male ...... 

Black or African American only, female6 .... 

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

46.6 40.0 (1.2) 

35.0 28.9 (1.2) 

38.1 (2.2) 

22.0 (1.9) 

Mexican male ........................ 

Mexican female6 ...................... - - -- - -

- - -

- - -

37.1 29.8 (1.1) 

36.4 29.0 (1.7) 

25.0 (2.7) 

26.9 (2.6) 

20 years and over, age adjusted5 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 41.6 (0.8) 33.5 (1.3) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 37.9 (1.0) - - - 45.0 (1.0) 31.7 (1.4) 

35.3 (1.9) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... White only, female6 .................. - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 37.3 (1.1) - - - 48.7 (1.3) 31.3 (1.8) 

39.0 (2.5) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 40.1 (1.2) - - - 29.2 (1.2) 37.4 (1.9) 

22.3 (2.0) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 30.2 (1.0) - - - 29.7 (1.6) 24.8 (2.5) 

26.6 (2.4) 

20 years and over, crude 

Both sexes6,7 ........................ - - - - - - - - - 42.6 (0.8) 33.9 (1.3) 

Male .............................. Female6 ............................ - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 39.4 (1.0) - - - 45.7 (1.0) 32.3 (1.4) 

35.4 (1.9) 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only, male .................... 

White only, female6 .................. - - -- - -

- - -

- - -

- - - 38.2 (1.2) 

- - - 48.8 (1.2) 

31.4 (1.8) 

38.6 (2.5) 

Black or African American only, male ...... Black or African American only, female6 .... - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 41.5 (1.2) - - - 31.2 (1.3) 39.3 (2.2) 

23.1 (2.1) 

Mexican male ........................ Mexican female6 ...................... - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 35.2 (1.5) - - - 32.4 (1.5) 27.4 (3.5) 

29.1 (3.1) 

Male 

20–34 years ......................... 55.3 54.7 57.1 51.1 (1.5) 39.8 (2.5) 

35–44 years ......................... 45.2 35.2 41.3 33.4 (1.7) 31.4 (2.7) 

45–54 years ......................... 44.8 38.5 38.7 33.6 (2.0) 28.7 (3.5) 

55–64 years ......................... 44.9 38.3 38.7 28.6 (2.1) 26.5 (3.2) 

65–74 years ......................... 46.2 42.1 42.3 30.1 (2.2) 21.5 (3.3) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 40.9 (1.9) 32.7 (3.4) 

Female6 

20–34 years ......................... 67.6 65.8 65.0 57.9 (1.3) 43.9 (2.5) 

35–44 years ......................... 58.4 56.7 55.6 47.1 (2.5) 33.6 (4.0) 

45–54 years ......................... 47.6 49.3 48.7 37.2 (2.3) 33.3 (3.8) 

55–64 years ......................... 38.1 41.1 43.5 31.5 (1.5) 26.9 (3.7) 

65–74 years ......................... 36.4 40.6 37.8 37.0 (2.0) 27.7 (3.9) 

75 years and over ..................... - - - - - - - - - 43.0 (1.6) 37.4 (3.7) 

See footnotes at end of table. 

232 Health, United States, 2003
Table 68 (page 4 of 4). Overweight, obesity, and healthy weight among persons 20 years of age and over, 

according to sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1960–62, 1971–74, 1976–80, 1988–94, and 

1999–2000 

[Data are based on measured height and weight of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

- - - Data not available.

1

Persons of Mexican origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997 Standards for Federal data on

Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The two non-Hispanic race categories shown in the table conform to 1997 Stan­

dards. The 1999–2000 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977

Standards. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as

best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999–2000 estimates can be seen by comparing 1999–2000 data tabulated according to the two

Standards: Estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent of the population 20–74 years, age adjusted, who were overweight are: 0.2 percentage points higher

for white males; 0.3 percentage points higher for white females; 0.2 percentage points lower for black males; and 0.3 percentage points higher for black females than

estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

2

Body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25.

3

Data for Mexicans are for 1982–84. See Appendix I, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

4

Standard errors of estimates for 1988–94 and 1999–2000 are shown. 1999–2000 estimates are based on a smaller sample size than estimates for earlier time periods

and therefore are subject to greater sampling error.

5

Age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using five age groups except for 1999–2000 estimates, which are age adjusted using three age groups (20–39, 40–59,

and 60–74 or 60 years and over) due to a smaller sample size; however, use of three rather than five groups had virtually no effect on age-adjusted estimates. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

6

Excludes pregnant women.

7

Includes persons of all races and Hispanic origins, not just those shown separately.

8

Body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.

9

BMI of 18.5 to less than 25 kilograms/meter2 (see Appendix II, Body mass index).

NOTES: Percents do not sum to 100 because the percent of persons with BMI less than 18.5 is not shown and the percent of persons with obesity is a subset of the

percent with overweight. Height was measured without shoes; two pounds were deducted from data for 1960–62 to allow for weight of clothing. Some data for 1988–94

have been revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United States.

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (1982–84), and National Health Examination Survey (1960–62).

Health, United States, 2003 233 
Table 70 (page 1 of 3). Health care visits to doctor’s offices, emergency departments, and home visits within the 

past 12 months, according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Number of health care visits1 

None 1–3 visits 4–9 visits 10 or more visits 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Percent distribution 

All persons2,3...................... 16.5 17.5 16.5 46.2 45.8 45.8 23.6 23.3 24.4 13.7 13.4 13.3 

Age 

Under 18 years .................... 11.8 12.4 11.6 54.1 54.4 54.6 25.2 25.0 26.1 8.9 8.2 7.6 

Under 6 years ................... 5.0 5.9 5.5 44.9 45.9 45.8 37.0 36.8 37.9 13.0 11.3 10.8 

6–17 years ...................... 15.3 15.5 14.6 58.7 58.5 58.9 19.3 19.4 20.5 6.8 6.7 6.1 

18–44 years ...................... 21.7 24.2 23.3 46.7 45.8 46.1 19.0 17.8 18.9 12.6 12.3 11.8 

18–24 years ..................... 22.0 24.8 25.4 46.8 46.1 44.7 20.0 17.8 19.5 11.2 11.4 10.5 

25–44 years ..................... 21.6 24.0 22.6 46.7 45.7 46.5 18.7 17.8 18.7 13.0 12.6 12.2 

45–64 years ...................... 16.9 16.9 15.6 42.9 42.4 42.9 24.7 25.0 25.7 15.5 15.7 15.9 

45–54 years ..................... 17.9 18.4 17.1 43.9 43.2 44.9 23.4 22.8 23.6 14.8 15.7 14.4 

55–64 years ..................... 15.3 14.7 13.3 41.3 41.1 39.6 26.7 28.4 28.9 16.7 15.8 18.2 

65 years and over .................. 8.9 7.9 7.1 34.7 34.3 32.3 32.5 34.1 35.6 23.8 23.7 25.0 

65–74 years ..................... 9.8 8.6 8.1 36.9 36.9 35.8 31.6 33.2 33.5 21.6 21.3 22.6 

75 years and over ................. 7.7 7.2 5.8 31.8 31.1 28.2 33.8 35.1 38.1 26.6 26.6 27.9 

Sex3 

Male ............................ 21.3 23.1 21.3 47.1 45.5 46.5 20.6 20.6 21.6 11.0 10.8 10.7 

Female .......................... 11.8 12.0 11.9 45.4 46.1 45.1 26.5 25.9 27.1 16.3 15.9 15.9 

Race3,4 

White only ........................ 16.0 16.9 15.9 46.1 45.7 45.7 23.9 23.8 24.8 14.0 13.6 13.5 

Black or African American only ......... 16.8 18.4 16.4 46.1 46.2 46.4 23.2 21.9 24.0 13.9 13.5 13.2 

American Indian and Alaska Native only . . . 17.1 20.6 *21.4 38.0 34.3 36.4 24.2 27.8 25.4 20.7 17.2 16.9 

Asian only ........................ 22.8 23.1 20.8 49.1 47.3 48.3 19.7 19.4 22.3 8.3 10.2 8.6 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ..................... - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * 

2 or more races .................... - - - 15.2 18.0 - - - 40.8 41.2 - - - 22.2 23.5 - - - 21.8 17.3 

Hispanic origin and race3,4 

Hispanic or Latino .................. 24.9 26.2 27.0 42.3 44.3 40.2 20.3 19.2 20.7 12.5 10.3 12.0 

Mexican........................ 28.9 30.2 31.4 40.8 43.0 39.2 18.5 18.2 19.6 11.8 8.7 9.8 

Not Hispanic or Latino ............... 15.4 16.2 15.0 46.7 46.0 46.5 24.0 23.9 25.0 13.9 13.9 13.5 

White only ...................... 14.7 15.5 14.3 46.6 46.0 46.4 24.4 24.5 25.4 14.3 14.1 13.9 

Black or African American only ........ 16.9 18.4 16.4 46.1 46.2 46.4 23.1 21.9 24.0 13.8 13.5 13.1 

Respondent-assessed health status3 

Fair or poor ....................... 7.8 9.8 9.0 23.3 25.9 22.1 29.0 24.3 27.7 39.9 40.1 41.3 

Good to excellent ................... 17.2 18.1 17.3 48.4 47.7 48.0 23.3 23.2 24.3 11.1 11.0 10.5 

Poverty status3,5 

Poor ............................ 20.3 21.5 21.7 37.1 39.2 37.2 22.7 21.3 23.4 19.9 18.0 17.7 

Near poor ........................ 19.9 22.2 20.4 42.8 41.6 41.4 21.8 21.5 22.9 15.5 14.7 15.3 

Nonpoor ......................... 14.0 14.9 14.0 48.0 47.0 47.4 25.0 25.0 25.8 13.0 13.1 12.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 235 
Table 70 (page 2 of 3). Health care visits to doctor’s offices, emergency departments, and home visits within the 

past 12 months, according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Number of health care visits1 

None 1–3 visits 4–9 visits 10 or more visits 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Hispanic origin and race 

and poverty status3,4,5 Percent distribution 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor .......................... 30.6 31.2 34.3 33.8 38.2 32.7 20.0 18.7 18.1 15.6 11.8 14.9 

Near poor ...................... 29.1 30.2 28.9 39.0 42.1 39.3 20.9 17.5 20.2 11.0 10.1 11.6 

Nonpoor........................ 18.7 21.0 19.9 48.6 46.8 44.6 20.3 21.9 24.7 12.3 10.2 10.8 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 16.3 17.2 16.2 37.7 38.9 38.7 24.0 23.3 26.4 22.1 20.7 18.8 

Poor ......................... 17.1 19.8 17.1 43.7 40.8 41.3 22.3 23.3 24.1 17.0 16.1 17.6 

Near poor ..................... 13.2 14.0 13.1 47.6 46.9 47.5 25.7 25.5 26.1 13.4 13.6 13.3 

Nonpoor ..................... 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ......................... 17.8 18.0 17.3 37.4 39.9 38.1 23.3 23.1 24.0 21.5 19.0 20.5 

Near poor ..................... 18.9 19.9 18.1 43.0 44.0 44.9 23.4 20.5 23.4 14.7 15.6 13.6 

Nonpoor ...................... 15.6 16.3 14.6 50.5 48.2 47.4 23.3 23.7 26.6 10.6 11.8 11.4 

Health insurance status6,7 

Under 65 years of age: 

Insured ........................ 14.3 15.4 14.1 49.0 48.6 49.1 23.6 23.2 24.2 13.1 12.7 12.6 

Private ....................... 14.7 15.9 14.4 50.6 49.9 50.6 23.1 22.9 24.0 11.6 11.3 11.0 

Medicaid...................... 9.8 10.7 10.4 35.5 35.6 35.4 26.5 26.0 26.3 28.2 27.6 27.8 

Uninsured ...................... 33.7 37.3 37.5 42.8 41.6 41.4 15.3 13.2 14.6 8.2 7.9 6.5 

65 years of age and over: Medicare HMO ................... 8.9 5.7 5.0 35.8 34.2 30.0 33.1 34.6 41.1 22.3 25.5 23.9 

Private ......................... 7.3 6.7 5.5 35.9 34.9 34.6 34.0 34.9 35.2 22.7 23.5 24.8 

Medicaid ....................... 9.3 *7.3 6.1 19.2 21.4 18.7 27.9 34.8 31.6 43.7 36.5 43.5 

Medicare fee-for-service only ......... 15.5 14.0 14.1 34.0 35.8 30.5 28.1 31.0 34.2 22.4 19.2 21.2 

Poverty status and 

health insurance status5,6,7 

Under 65 years of age: 

Poor: 

Insured ....................... 13.7 14.6 14.0 38.8 41.4 41.1 24.5 23.2 24.9 22.9 20.7 20.0 

Uninsured ..................... 36.7 39.8 43.2 38.8 39.3 34.6 14.9 12.6 15.3 9.5 8.3 6.9 

Near poor: 

Insured ....................... 15.6 17.0 15.8 45.5 44.9 44.7 22.3 22.6 22.7 16.6 15.5 16.8 

Uninsured ..................... 34.5 38.0 35.3 41.8 40.2 40.9 15.6 13.4 16.6 8.1 8.4 7.2 

Nonpoor: 

Insured ....................... 13.4 14.7 13.6 50.3 49.1 49.8 24.2 24.2 25.0 12.1 12.0 11.6 

Uninsured ..................... 29.1 32.9 31.9 45.4 43.7 46.0 17.0 14.6 15.5 8.4 8.8 6.6 

Geographic region3 

Northeast ........................ 13.2 12.8 11.8 45.9 46.4 47.2 26.0 25.6 26.6 14.9 15.2 14.3 

Midwest ......................... 15.9 16.2 14.9 47.7 46.7 47.2 22.8 23.8 24.0 13.6 13.3 13.9 

South ........................... 17.2 18.9 17.7 46.1 45.5 45.2 23.3 22.5 24.4 13.5 13.2 12.8 

West............................ 19.1 20.9 20.5 44.8 44.8 44.1 22.8 21.9 22.8 13.3 12.4 12.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

236 Health, United States, 2003
Table 70 (page 3 of 3). Health care visits to doctor’s offices, emergency departments, and home visits within the 

past 12 months, according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Number of health care visits1 

None 1–3 visits 4–9 visits 10 or more visits 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Location of residence3 Percent distribution 

Within MSA8 ...................... 16.2 17.4 16.4 46.4 45.9 45.7 23.7 23.4 24.6 13.7 13.2 13.2 

Outside MSA8 ..................... 17.3 17.7 16.7 45.4 45.1 46.1 23.3 22.9 23.6 13.9 14.4 13.6 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data not shown have a relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 30 percent. Data preceded by an asterisk have a RSE of

20–30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

This table presents a summary measure of ambulatory and home health care visits during a 12-month period. See Appendix II, Health care contact; Emergency

department visit; Home visit.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately, unknown poverty status, and unknown health insurance status.

3

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of persons with a specified

number of health care contacts are: (no visits) identical for white and black persons; 0.1 percentage points higher for AI/AN persons; 0.4 percentage points lower for

Asian and Pacific Islander persons; (1–3 visits) identical for white persons; 0.1 percentage points lower for black persons; 1.3 percentage points higher for AI/AN per-

sons; 0.1 percentage points lower for Asian and Pacific Islander persons; (4–9 visits) identical for white persons; 0.2 percentage points higher for black persons; 2.2

percentage points lower for AI/AN persons; 0.4 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander persons; (10 or more visits) identical for white and black per-

sons; 0.9 percentage points higher for AI/AN persons; and 0.1 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander persons than estimates based on the 1997 Stan­

dards. See Appendix II, Race.

5

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of poverty threshold. Nonpoor per-

sons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Poverty status was unknown for 20 percent of persons in the sample in 1997, 25 percent in

1998, 28 percent in 1999, 27 percent in 2000, and 28 percent in 2001. See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty level.

6

Estimates for persons under 65 years of age are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using four age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, and

55–64 years of age. Estimates for persons 65 years of age and over are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and

over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

7

Health insurance categories are mutually exclusive. Persons who reported both Medicaid and private coverage are classified as having private coverage. Persons 65

years of age and over who reported Medicare HMO (health maintenance organization) and some other type of health insurance coverage are classified as having Medi­

care HMO. Starting in 1997 Medicaid includes state-sponsored health plans and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). The category ‘‘insured’’ also

includes military, other State, and Medicare coverage. See Appendix II, Health insurance coverage.

8

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Some numbers in this table for health insurance estimates were revised and differ from previous editions of Health, United States. In 1997 the National Health 

Interview Survey questionnaire was redesigned. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey. Data for additional years are available (see Appe ndix III). Standard 

errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core and sample adult questionnaires. 

Health, United States, 2003 237 
Table 77 (page 1 of 2). Emergency department visits within the past 12 months among adults


18 years of age and over, according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001


[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

1 or more 

emergency 

department visits 

2 or more 

emergency 

department visits 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2000 2001 1997 1999 2000 2001 

Percent of adults with emergency department visit1 

All adults 18 years of age and over2,3 ................... 19.6 17.2 20.2 19.7 6.7 5.2 6.9 6.4 

Age 

18–44 years ..................................... 20.7 17.7 20.6 19.8 6.8 5.6 7.0 6.5 

18–24 years ................................... 26.3 21.7 25.9 24.0 9.1 7.3 8.9 8.7 

25–44 years ................................... 19.0 16.5 18.9 18.4 6.2 5.0 6.4 5.8 

45–64 years ..................................... 16.2 14.6 17.6 18.0 5.6 4.3 5.6 5.6 

45–54 years ................................... 15.7 14.3 17.9 17.7 5.5 4.3 5.8 5.5 

55–64 years ................................... 16.9 15.1 17.0 18.5 5.7 4.3 5.3 5.9 

65 years and over ................................. 22.0 19.9 23.7 22.3 8.1 5.6 8.6 7.5 

65–74 years ................................... 20.3 17.3 21.6 19.7 7.1 4.7 7.4 7.1 

75 years and over ............................... 24.3 23.1 26.2 25.4 9.3 6.7 10.1 8.0 

Sex3 

Male .......................................... 19.1 16.1 18.8 18.9 5.9 4.3 5.8 5.7 

Female ........................................ 20.2 18.2 21.6 20.5 7.5 6.0 8.0 7.2 

Race3,4 

White only ...................................... 19.0 16.6 19.4 19.1 6.2 4.7 6.4 6.1 

Black or African American only ........................ 25.9 22.2 26.5 25.2 11.1 8.8 10.7 9.4 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ................. 24.8 29.2 30.5 33.9 13.1 *11.7 *12.8 15.5 

Asian only ...................................... 11.6 9.7 13.6 12.7 *2.9 * *3.8 *2.6 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only.................................... - - - * * * - - - * * * 

2 or more races .................................. - - - 24.4 32.9 25.5 - - - 11.4 11.4 8.8 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White .............. - - - 26.0 33.9 25.4 - - - *13.9 *9.2 *6.1 

Hispanic origin and race3,4 

Hispanic or Latino ................................. 19.2 15.3 18.4 18.4 7.4 4.5 7.1 7.0 

Mexican American ............................... 17.8 14.4 17.4 15.6 6.4 4.1 7.1 5.6 

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................. 19.7 17.5 20.6 20.0 6.7 5.3 6.9 6.4 

White only..................................... 19.1 16.9 19.8 19.4 6.2 4.8 6.4 6.1 

Black or African American only ...................... 25.9 22.2 26.5 25.3 11.0 8.8 10.7 9.4 

Poverty status3,5 

Poor .......................................... 29.2 27.6 30.2 27.5 13.7 11.7 14.3 13.1 

Near poor ...................................... 24.9 21.7 25.1 26.2 10.0 8.0 10.6 10.4 

Nonpoor........................................ 17.5 15.4 18.6 18.2 5.0 4.1 5.3 5.1 

Hispanic origin and race and poverty status3,4,5 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ......................................... 22.9 17.1 24.4 19.9 10.2 6.6 11.3 10.1 

Near poor ..................................... 19.2 15.9 19.4 20.1 8.4 5.0 7.6 7.7 

Nonpoor ...................................... 17.9 14.5 17.1 17.6 5.5 3.8 6.1 5.3 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ....................................... 30.8 29.4 30.6 29.6 14.1 11.7 14.3 13.7 

Near poor ................................... 25.5 22.2 26.8 27.9 9.8 7.6 11.5 11.0 

Nonpoor .................................... 17.2 15.5 18.2 18.0 4.8 4.1 5.0 5.1 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ....................................... 35.5 33.5 38.0 32.1 17.9 16.8 19.0 15.7 

Near poor ................................... 30.8 27.8 29.9 28.8 12.9 13.0 13.1 12.8 

Nonpoor .................................... 20.7 18.4 24.1 22.3 7.8 5.7 8.4 7.0 

Health insurance status6,7 

18–64 years of age: 

Insured ....................................... 18.8 16.1 19.5 19.2 6.1 4.7 6.4 6.2 

Private ..................................... 16.9 14.5 17.6 17.2 4.7 3.7 5.1 4.7 

Medicaid .................................... 37.6 35.4 42.3 39.7 19.7 17.4 21.0 21.7 

Uninsured ..................................... 20.0 18.3 19.6 18.9 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.6 

65 years of age and over: Medicare HMO ................................. 20.2 20.1 24.4 23.6 6.7 5.7 8.5 8.8 

Private ....................................... 21.3 19.3 23.3 21.0 6.9 5.3 7.9 6.4 

Medicaid...................................... 35.2 30.0 35.9 36.0 20.2 12.8 18.3 18.7 

Medicare fee-for-service only ....................... 22.0 19.2 20.1 21.5 9.4 4.4 7.3 6.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 251 
Table 77 (page 2 of 2). Emergency department visits within the past 12 months among adults


18 years of age and over, according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001


[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

1 or more 

emergency 

department visits 

2 or more 

emergency 

department visits 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2000 2001 1997 1999 2000 2001 

Poverty status and health insurance status5,6 Percent of adults with emergency department visit1 

18–64 years of age: 

Poor: 

Insured ..................................... 32.1 29.8 33.6 30.8 15.9 13.3 17.4 15.5 

Uninsured ................................... 24.4 22.7 26.0 20.0 10.0 10.3 10.6 8.5 

Near poor: 

Insured ..................................... 26.6 23.1 27.3 28.0 10.3 8.7 11.6 11.7 

Uninsured ................................... 21.3 18.6 20.1 23.6 9.1 7.5 7.7 9.0 

Nonpoor: 

Insured ..................................... 16.6 14.7 17.6 17.2 4.5 3.7 4.9 4.6 

Uninsured ................................... 19.0 16.3 19.2 17.8 5.4 6.5 6.4 5.0 

Geographic region3 

Northeast ....................................... 19.5 16.9 20.0 19.8 6.9 5.1 6.2 6.1 

Midwest ........................................ 19.3 17.2 20.1 19.6 6.2 5.1 6.9 6.0 

South ......................................... 20.9 17.7 21.3 20.9 7.3 5.7 7.6 7.3 

West .......................................... 17.7 16.4 18.7 17.6 6.0 4.5 6.3 5.6 

Location of residence3 

Within MSA8 ..................................... 19.1 16.6 19.6 19.4 6.4 4.9 6.6 6.3 

Outside MSA8 ................................... 21.5 19.5 22.5 21.3 7.8 6.4 7.8 7.0 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

See Appendix II, Emergency department visit.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately, unknown poverty status, and unknown health insurance status.

3

Estimates are for persons 18 years of age and over and are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using five age groups: 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years,

65–74 years, and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data years 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of adults with 1 or more

emergency department visits are: 0.1 percentage points higher for white and black adults; 2.0 percentage points lower for AI/AN adults; and 0.3 percentage points

higher for Asian and Pacific Islander adults than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

5

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Poverty status was unknown for 22 percent of adults in the sample in 1997, 27 percent in

1998, 29 percent in 1999 and 2000, and 30 percent in 2001. See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty level.

6

Estimates for persons 18–64 years of age are age adjusted to the year 2000 Standard using three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–54 years, and 55–64 years of age.

Estimates for persons 65 years of age and over are age adjusted to the year 2000 Standard using two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and over. See Appen dix

II, Age adjustment.

7

Health insurance categories are mutually exclusive. Persons who reported both Medicaid and private coverage are classified as having private coverage. Persons 65

years of age and over who reported Medicare HMO (health maintenance organization) and some other type of health insurance coverage are classified as having Medi­

care HMO. Starting in 1997 Medicaid includes state-sponsored health plans and State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). The category ‘‘insured’’ also includes

military, other State, and Medicare coverage. See Appendix II, Health insurance coverage.

8

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Some numbers in this table for health insurance estimates were revised and differ from previous editions of Health, United States. Data for additional years 

are available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core and sample adult questionnaires. 

252 Health, United States, 2003
Table 78 (page 1 of 2). Dental visits in the past year according to selected characteristics: 

United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

2 years of age 2–17 years 18–64 years 65 years of age 

and over1 of age of age and over2 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Percent of persons with a dental visit in the past year3 

Total4 .............................. 64.9 65.2 65.6 72.7 72.6 73.3 64.1 64.6 64.6 54.8 55.0 56.3 

Sex 

Male .............................. 62.6 62.5 62.6 72.3 72.3 72.7 60.4 60.4 60.2 55.4 54.7 56.1 

Female ............................ 67.2 67.8 68.5 73.0 72.8 73.9 67.7 68.5 68.9 54.4 55.2 56.5 

Race5 

White only .......................... 66.5 67.2 67.4 74.0 74.5 74.9 65.7 66.6 66.6 56.8 56.8 58.5 

Black or African American only ............ 56.5 56.2 56.9 68.8 67.6 68.0 57.0 55.8 57.2 35.4 39.7 37.5 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ..... 51.5 56.2 53.9 66.8 58.2 72.9 49.9 55.2 47.7 * *50.6 *50.7 

Asian only .......................... 61.8 63.6 64.9 69.9 69.6 74.4 60.3 63.1 64.3 53.9 53.2 53.4 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only........................ - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * 

2 or more races ...................... - - - 58.6 56.3 - - - 73.0 69.3 - - - 57.8 57.1 - - - *35.1 *34.5 

Black or African American; White......... - - - 63.7 52.7 - - - 68.7 57.6 - - - 58.8 55.5 - - - * * 

American Indian and Alaska Native; White . . - - - 55.8 58.7 - - - 70.3 79.2 - - - 53.5 53.6 - - - * *39.0 

Hispanic origin and race5 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 52.9 52.3 51.2 61.0 59.3 60.5 50.8 50.6 49.2 47.8 44.0 42.6 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................. 66.4 66.9 67.5 74.7 74.9 75.8 65.7 66.3 66.7 55.2 55.6 57.2 

White only......................... 68.2 68.9 69.6 76.4 77.0 77.8 67.5 68.3 68.7 57.2 57.3 59.4 

Black or African American only .......... 56.5 56.1 56.9 68.8 67.7 68.1 56.9 55.7 57.1 35.3 39.6 37.6 

Poverty status6 

Poor .............................. 47.2 46.2 47.0 62.0 57.8 61.0 46.4 46.0 45.8 30.3 31.9 30.6 

Near poor .......................... 48.9 48.5 49.7 61.6 61.6 63.2 46.4 46.1 46.9 39.6 38.9 40.0 

Nonpoor............................ 72.3 72.0 72.0 79.7 79.9 79.3 71.1 70.8 70.5 66.3 64.4 67.0 

Hispanic origin and race and 

poverty status5,6 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ............................. 41.9 41.5 38.7 56.8 49.6 54.2 39.0 39.7 35.1 33.0 32.1 29.8 

Near poor ......................... 46.2 43.8 43.2 54.1 54.0 59.2 42.6 41.0 39.8 49.2 34.8 30.6 

Nonpoor .......................... 65.1 63.8 64.4 74.8 72.0 71.1 62.5 62.0 62.8 56.5 58.9 60.8 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ........................... 49.9 49.8 51.5 63.3 62.6 62.9 50.3 50.6 52.1 31.1 31.9 32.3 

Near poor ....................... 51.0 50.2 52.9 64.8 63.2 64.4 48.2 48.0 51.0 41.2 39.6 42.1 

Nonpoor ........................ 73.6 73.6 73.7 80.7 81.8 81.7 72.5 72.4 72.0 67.6 65.4 68.6 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ........................... 46.7 44.9 45.1 66.7 61.0 63.2 44.5 42.1 42.9 26.2 33.5 25.2 

Near poor ....................... 44.9 47.6 47.3 60.1 66.3 64.2 44.7 45.2 44.9 23.6 30.9 33.4 

Nonpoor ........................ 65.4 64.2 64.1 75.5 72.7 72.4 66.2 64.7 65.4 48.9 51.5 46.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 253 
Table 78 (page 2 of 2). Dental visits in the past year according to selected characteristics: 

United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

2 years of age 2–17 years 18–64 years 65 years of age 

and over1 of age of age and over2 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Geographic region Percent of persons with a dental visit in the past year3 

Northeast ........................ 69.6 70.9 72.2 77.5 78.5 79.6 69.6 71.5 72.2 55.5 54.3 59.6 

Midwest ......................... 68.3 68.1 68.4 76.4 76.8 77.4 67.4 67.6 68.0 57.6 54.3 55.0 

South ........................... 60.0 60.6 60.2 68.0 68.0 68.8 59.4 59.4 58.7 49.0 52.4 52.0 

West............................ 64.9 64.7 65.7 71.5 69.9 70.7 62.9 63.3 64.4 61.9 61.9 62.6 

Location of residence 

Within MSA7 ...................... 66.5 67.1 67.0 73.6 73.1 73.9 65.7 66.8 66.0 57.6 58.1 59.1 

Outside MSA7 ..................... 59.1 58.3 60.3 69.3 70.7 70.7 58.0 56.2 59.1 46.1 45.0 47.2 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE greater than

30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using six age groups: 2–17 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and

over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

2

Estimates for the elderly are the percent of persons 65 years of age and over with a dental visit in the past year. Data from the 1997–2001 National Health Interview

Survey estimate that 28–30 percent of persons 65 years of age and over (elderly) were edentulous (having lost all their natural teeth). In 1997–2001 about 70 percent

of elderly dentate persons compared with 17–20 percent of elderly edentate persons had a dental visit in the past year.

3

Respondents were asked ‘‘About how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist?’’ See Appendix II, Dental visit.

4

Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown poverty status.

5

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of persons with a recent

dental visit are: 0.1 percentage points lower for white and black persons; identical for AI/AN persons; and 0.2 percentage points lower for Asian and Pacific Islander

persons than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

6

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Poverty status was unknown for 20 percent of persons in the sample in 1997, 25 percent in

1998, 28 percent in 1999, 27 percent in 2000, and 28 percent in 2001. See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty level.

7

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: In 1997 the National Health Interview Survey questionnaire was redesigned. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey. Data for additional years are 

available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, sample child and sample adult questionnaires. 

254 Health, United States, 2003
Table 79. Untreated dental caries according to age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and poverty status: 

United States, 1971–74, 1982–84, and 1988–94 

[Data are based on dental examinations of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

2–5 years 6–17 years 18–64 years 65–74 years 

Sex, race and Hispanic 1971– 1982– 1988– 1971– 1982– 1988– 1971– 1982– 1988– 1971– 1982– 1988– 

origin, and poverty status 1974 1984 1994 1974 1984 1994 1974 1984 1994 1974 1984 1994 

Percent of persons with untreated dental caries 

Total1 ........................... 24.4 - - - 18.7 55.0 - - - 23.1 48.4 - - - 28.2 29.7 - - - 25.4 

Sex 

Male ............................ 26.1 - - - 19.2 54.8 - - - 22.6 48.4 - - - 31.2 30.2 - - - 29.9 

Female .......................... 22.7 - - - 18.1 55.2 - - - 23.7 48.5 - - - 25.3 28.3 - - - 21.5 

Race and Hispanic origin2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White.......................... 23.7 - - - 14.4 52.3 - - - 18.9 45.2 - - - 23.6 28.1 - - - 22.7 

Black or African American ........... 28.2 - - - 25.1 70.9 - - - 33.0 68.1 - - - 47.9 41.5 - - - 46.7 

Mexican ......................... - - - 23.1 34.9 - - - 42.8 37.2 - - - 45.4 39.9 - - - 44.3 43.8 

Poverty status3 

Poor ............................ 30.7 - - - 28.8 70.4 - - - 36.3 63.6 - - - 47.3 34.3 - - - 46.7 

Near poor ........................ 29.8 - - - 24.3 60.2 - - - 29.2 56.3 - - - 42.7 35.6 - - - 39.3 

Nonpoor ......................... 17.5 - - - 9.7 46.3 - - - 14.5 43.1 - - - 19.5 26.2 - - - 19.4 

Race, Hispanic origin, 

and poverty status2,3 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White: 

Poor ......................... 31.9 - - - 25.4 68.1 - - - 32.5 58.4 - - - 42.3 33.3 - - - 39.0 

Near poor and nonpoor ........... 22.1 - - - 12.4 50.3 - - - 16.7 44.3 - - - 21.6 28.0 - - - 22.7 

Black or African American: 

Poor ......................... 29.0 - - - 27.5 73.4 - - - 35.6 73.1 - - - 59.0 39.8 - - - 50.1 

Near poor and nonpoor ........... 26.5 - - - 23.0 67.4 - - - 31.2 65.8 - - - 43.4 41.1 - - - 43.6 

Mexican: 

Poor .......................... - - - 22.6 38.5 - - - 46.4 45.8 - - - 56.3 52.4 - - - 54.4 55.5 

Near poor and nonpoor ............. - - - 22.0 30.5 - - - 39.3 27.6 - - - 41.0 31.5 - - - 30.8 35.6 

- - - Data not available.

1

Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown poverty status.

2

In 1971–74, data are for white persons and black persons. Persons of Mexican origin may be of any race.

3

Poverty status is based on family income and family size. Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent

to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Persons with unknown poverty

status are excluded (4 percent in 1971–74, 8 percent in 1982–84, and 6 percent in 1988–94). See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty level.

NOTES: Excludes edentulous persons (persons without teeth) of all ages. The majority of edentulous persons are 65 years of age and over. Estimates of edentulism

among the elderly are 46 percent in 1971–74, 37 percent in 1982–84, and 33 percent in 1988–94.

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, Hispanic

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and NHANES III.

Health, United States, 2003 255 
Table 80 (page 1 of 2). Use of mammography for women 40 years of age and over according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1987 1990 1991 1993 1994 1998 1999 2000 

Percent of women having a mammogram within the past 2 years1 

40 years and over, age adjusted2,3 ........... 29.0 51.7 54.7 59.7 61.0 67.0 70.3 70.3 

40 years and over, crude2 ................. 28.7 51.4 54.6 59.7 60.9 66.9 70.3 70.3 

Age 

40–49 years ........................... 31.9 55.1 55.6 59.9 61.3 63.4 67.2 64.2 

50–64 years ........................... 31.7 56.0 60.3 65.1 66.5 73.7 76.5 78.6 

65 years and over ....................... 22.8 43.4 48.1 54.2 55.0 63.8 66.8 68.0 

65–74 years.......................... 26.6 48.7 55.7 64.2 63.0 69.4 73.9 74.0 

75 years and over ..................... 17.3 35.8 37.8 41.0 44.6 57.2 58.9 61.3 

Race4 

40 years and over, crude: 

White only ........................... 29.6 52.2 55.6 60.0 60.6 67.4 70.6 71.4 

Black or African American only............. 24.0 46.4 48.0 59.1 64.3 66.0 71.0 67.8 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ...... * 43.2 54.5 49.8 65.8 45.2 63.0 47.3 

Asian only ........................... * 46.0 45.9 55.1 55.8 60.2 58.3 53.3 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * 

2 or more races ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70.2 69.2 

Hispanic origin and race4 

40 years and over, crude: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 18.3 45.2 49.2 50.9 51.9 60.2 65.7 61.4 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................. 29.4 51.8 54.9 60.3 61.5 67.5 70.7 71.0 

White only ......................... 30.3 52.7 56.0 60.6 61.3 68.0 71.1 72.1 

Black or African American only ........... 23.8 46.0 47.7 59.2 64.4 66.0 71.0 67.9 

Age, Hispanic origin, and race4 

40–49 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... *15.3 45.1 44.0 52.6 47.5 55.2 61.6 54.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 34.3 57.0 58.1 61.6 62.0 64.4 68.3 67.1 

Black or African American only ........... 27.8 48.4 48.0 55.6 67.2 65.0 69.2 60.9 

50–64 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 23.0 47.5 61.7 59.2 60.1 67.2 69.7 66.4 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 33.6 58.1 61.5 66.2 67.5 75.3 77.9 80.5 

Black or African American only ........... 26.4 48.4 52.4 65.5 63.6 71.2 75.0 77.7 

65 years and over: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... * 41.1 40.9 *35.7 48.0 59.0 67.2 68.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 24.0 43.8 49.1 54.7 54.9 64.3 66.8 68.3 

Black or African American only ........... 14.1 39.7 41.6 56.3 61.0 60.6 68.1 65.5 

Age and poverty status5 

40 years and over, crude: 

Poor ............................... 16.4 30.8 35.2 41.1 44.2 50.5 56.9 55.2 

Near poor or nonpoor ................... 31.3 54.1 57.5 61.8 63.4 69.3 71.5 72.2 

40–49 years: 

Poor ............................. 23.0 32.2 33.0 36.1 43.0 44.9 52.5 47.2 

Near poor or nonpoor ................. 33.4 57.0 58.1 62.1 63.4 65.0 68.7 65.9 

50–64 years: 

Poor ............................. 15.1 29.9 37.3 47.3 46.2 53.5 61.1 62.7 

Near poor or nonpoor ................. 34.3 58.5 63.0 66.8 68.8 76.7 77.4 80.6 

65 years and over: 

Poor ............................. 13.6 30.8 35.2 40.4 43.9 52.3 57.3 55.4 

Near poor or nonpoor ................. 25.5 46.2 51.1 56.4 57.7 66.2 67.8 70.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

256 Health, United States, 2003
Table 80 (page 2 of 2). Use of mammography for women 40 years of age and over according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1987 1990 1991 1993 1994 1998 1999 2000 

Age and education6 Percent of women having a mammogram within the past 2 years1 

40 years and over, crude: 

No high school diploma or GED .......... 17.8 36.4 40.0 46.4 48.2 54.5 56.7 57.7 

High school diploma or GED ............ 31.3 52.7 55.8 59.0 61.0 66.7 69.2 69.6 

Some college or more ................. 37.7 62.8 65.2 69.5 69.7 72.8 77.3 76.1 

40–49 years of age: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 15.1 38.5 40.8 43.6 50.4 47.3 48.8 46.9 

High school diploma or GED ........... 32.6 53.1 52.0 56.6 55.8 59.1 60.8 59.0 

Some college or more ............... 39.2 62.3 63.7 66.1 68.7 68.3 74.4 70.5 

50–64 years of age: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 21.2 41.0 43.6 51.4 51.6 58.8 62.3 66.3 

High school diploma or GED ........... 33.8 56.5 60.8 62.4 67.8 73.3 77.2 76.6 

Some college or more ............... 40.5 68.0 72.7 78.5 74.7 79.8 81.2 84.1 

65 years of age and over: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 16.5 33.0 37.7 44.2 45.6 54.7 56.6 57.5 

High school diploma or GED ........... 25.9 47.5 54.0 57.4 59.1 66.8 68.4 72.0 

Some college or more ............... 32.3 56.7 57.9 64.8 64.3 71.3 77.1 74.1 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE greater than

30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Questions concerning use of mammography differed slightly on the National Health Interview Survey across the years for which data are shown. See Appe ndix II,

Mammography.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately, unknown poverty status, and unknown education.

3

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using four age groups: 40–49 years, 50–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age

adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of women 40 years of age and over with

a recent mammogram are: 0.1 percentage points higher for white women; 0.2 percentage points higher for black women; 3.6 percentage points lower for AI/AN women;

and 1.1 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander women than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

5

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Missing family income data were imputed for 13–16 percent of adults in the sample in

1990–94. Poverty status was unknown for 25 percent of persons in the sample in 1998, 28 percent in 1999, and 27 percent in 2000. See Appendix II, Family income;

Poverty level.

6

Education categories shown are for 1998 and subsequent years. GED stands for General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

In years prior to 1998 the following categories based on number of years of school completed were used: less than 12 years, 12 years, 13 years or more. See Appen­

dix II, Education.

NOTES: Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. Data starting in 1997 are not strictly 

comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. Data are from the following supplements: 

cancer control (1987), health promotion and disease prevention (1990–91), and year 2000 objectives (1993–94). Starting in 1998 data are from the family core and 

sample adult questionnaires. 

Health, United States, 2003 257 
Table 81 (page 1 of 2). Use of Pap smears for women 18 years of age and over according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1987 1993 1994 1998 1999 2000 

Percent of women having a Pap smear within the past 3 years1 

18 years and over, age adjusted2,3 ........... 74.1 77.5 76.6 79.2 80.8 81.4 

18 years and over, crude2 ................. 74.4 77.6 76.6 79.1 80.8 81.3 

Age 

18–49 years ........................... 82.6 84.2 82.4 84.4 86.5 85.2 

50–64 years ........................... 68.2 74.4 75.6 79.9 80.2 83.7 

65 years and over ....................... 50.8 58.0 57.6 59.8 61.0 64.6 

65–74 years.......................... 57.9 64.7 64.9 67.0 70.0 71.6 

75 years and over ..................... 40.4 47.8 47.3 51.2 50.8 56.8 

Race4 

18 years and over, crude: 

White only ........................... 74.1 77.2 76.3 78.9 80.6 81.4 

Black or African American only............. 80.7 82.6 83.0 84.2 85.7 85.1 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ...... 85.4 78.2 73.3 74.6 92.2 76.9 

Asian only ........................... 51.9 69.6 67.2 68.5 64.4 66.3 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - * * 

2 or more races ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - 86.9 80.2 

Hispanic origin and race4 

18 years and over, crude: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 67.6 77.2 74.3 75.2 76.3 76.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino .................. 74.9 77.6 76.9 79.6 81.3 81.8 

White only ......................... 74.7 77.2 76.5 79.3 81.0 81.9 

Black or African American only ........... 80.9 82.7 83.3 84.2 86.0 85.2 

Age, Hispanic origin, and race4 

18–49 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 74.2 81.1 80.1 77.0 77.5 78.5 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 83.3 84.7 82.6 85.5 88.1 86.7 

Black or African American only ........... 89.3 87.8 89.2 88.9 90.3 88.5 

50–64 years: 

Hispanic or Latino ..................... 50.7 72.3 67.6 76.6 78.4 75.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 70.1 74.8 76.1 80.4 80.4 85.0 

Black or African American only ........... 70.9 77.9 78.5 81.6 82.9 83.9 

65 years and over: Hispanic or Latino ..................... 41.7 57.3 44.1 59.8 63.7 66.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only ......................... 51.8 57.5 58.4 59.7 60.5 64.3 

Black or African American only ........... 44.8 61.5 60.9 61.7 64.5 67.3 

Age and poverty status5 

18 years and over, crude: 

Below poverty ........................ 64.2 69.4 68.1 69.4 73.9 72.1 

Near or nonpoor ....................... 77.0 78.8 78.2 81.7 82.9 83.5 

18–49 years: 

Below poverty ....................... 76.6 76.1 78.0 76.8 79.8 76.5 

Near or nonpoor ..................... 84.0 85.7 83.3 86.1 88.1 86.8 

50–64 years: 

Below poverty ....................... 50.5 62.2 57.9 63.6 72.1 73.0 

Near or nonpoor ..................... 70.8 75.5 77.6 82.7 80.9 84.4 

65 years and over: Below poverty ....................... 33.2 47.2 44.3 47.1 50.7 53.7 

Near or nonpoor ..................... 55.8 59.6 60.8 62.2 62.6 67.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

258 Health, United States, 2003
Table 81 (page 2 of 2). Use of Pap smears for women 18 years of age and over according to selected 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–2000 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Characteristic 1987 1993 1994 1998 1999 2000 

Age and education6 Percent of women having a Pap smear within the past 3 years1 

25 years and over, crude: 

No high school diploma or GED .......... 57.1 61.8 60.7 65.0 66.1 70.0 

High school diploma or GED ............ 76.4 78.1 75.8 77.4 79.3 79.9 

Some college or more ................. 84.0 84.3 85.1 86.9 87.8 88.1 

25–49 years of age: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 73.8 73.3 71.8 76.9 77.6 80.1 

High school diploma or GED ........... 84.1 84.8 80.9 83.7 86.3 85.4 

Some college or more ............... 89.4 89.2 88.9 90.6 92.3 91.0 

50–64 years of age: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 55.0 63.4 65.7 66.8 71.9 73.3 

High school diploma or GED ........... 70.9 75.2 75.7 80.2 79.2 81.4 

Some college or more ............... 78.7 80.6 81.9 84.8 83.8 88.8 

65 years of age and over: 

No high school diploma or GED ........ 44.0 50.8 48.0 52.4 51.8 56.7 

High school diploma or GED ........... 55.4 61.9 61.4 60.7 63.7 67.0 

Some college or more ............... 59.4 62.9 66.9 67.9 68.8 69.8 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data not shown have a relative standard error greater than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

Questions concerning use of Pap smears differed slightly on the National Health Interview Survey across the years for which data are shown. See Append ix II, Pap

smear.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately, unknown poverty status, and unknown education.

3

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using four age groups: 18–49 years, 50–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age

adjustment.

4

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the percent of women 18 years of age and over with

a recent Pap smear are: identical for white and black women; 0.4 percentage points lower for AI/AN women; and 1.5 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific

Islander women than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

5

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. Missing family income data were imputed for 13–16 percent of adults in the sample in

1990–94. Poverty status was unknown for 25 percent of persons in the sample in 1998, 28 percent in 1999, and 27 percent in 2000. See Appendix II, Family income;

Poverty level.

6

Education categories shown are for 1998 and subsequent years. In years prior to 1998 the following categories based on number of years of school completed were

used: less than 12 years, 12 years, 13 years or more. GED stands for General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma. See Appendix II, Education.

NOTES: Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. Data starting in 1997 are not strictly 

comparable with data for earlier years due to the 1997 questionnaire redesign. See Appendix I, National Health Interview Survey. 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. Data are from the following supplements: cancer control (1987), year 2000 objectives (1993–94). Starting in 1998 data are from the family core and sample adult questionnaires. 

Health, United States, 2003 259 
Table 82 (page 1 of 2). Ambulatory care visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient and emergency 

departments by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1995–2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physicians and hospital outpatient and emergency 

departments] 

All places1 Physician offices 

Age, sex, and race 1995 1998 1999 2000 1995 1998 1999 2000 

Number of visits in thousands 

Total ............................ 860,859 1,005,078 944,122 1,014,848 697,082 829,280 756,734 823,542 

Under 18 years .................... 194,644 213,486 183,072 212,165 150,351 168,520 135,627 163,459 

18–44 years ...................... 285,184 328,475 300,051 315,774 219,065 260,379 227,005 243,011 

45–64 years ...................... 188,320 237,700 240,688 255,894 159,531 203,296 201,911 216,783 

45–54 years ..................... 104,891 132,146 130,824 142,233 88,266 112,316 108,597 119,474 

55–64 years ..................... 83,429 105,555 109,864 113,661 71,264 90,979 93,315 97,309 

65 years and over .................. 192,712 225,416 220,311 231,014 168,135 197,085 192,190 200,289 

65–74 years ..................... 102,605 115,526 106,066 116,505 90,544 102,306 92,642 102,447 

75 years and over ................. 90,106 109,890 114,245 114,510 77,591 94,779 99,548 97,842 

Number of visits per 100 persons 

Total, age adjusted2 ................. 334 377 352 374 271 312 283 304 

Total, crude ....................... 329 373 347 370 266 308 279 300 

Under 18 years .................... 275 297 254 293 213 235 188 226 

18–44 years ...................... 264 303 277 291 203 240 209 224 

45–64 years ...................... 364 419 410 422 309 358 344 358 

45–54 years ..................... 339 384 368 385 286 327 305 323 

55–64 years ..................... 401 473 477 481 343 407 405 412 

65 years and over .................. 612 697 679 706 534 609 592 612 

65–74 years ..................... 560 643 596 656 494 569 521 577 

75 years and over ................. 683 764 779 766 588 659 679 654 

Sex and age 

Male, age adjusted2 ................. 290 321 309 325 232 261 246 261 

Male, crude ....................... 277 310 297 314 220 251 235 251 

Under 18 years................... 273 303 255 302 209 239 189 231 

18–44 years ..................... 190 201 206 203 139 149 150 148 

45–54 years ..................... 275 302 300 316 229 251 247 260 

55–64 years ..................... 351 435 427 428 300 379 361 367 

65–74 years ..................... 508 608 580 614 445 538 510 539 

75 years and over ................. 711 739 758 771 616 640 663 670 

Female, age adjusted2 ............... 377 431 393 420 309 360 317 345 

Female, crude ..................... 378 433 396 424 310 362 320 348 

Under 18 years................... 277 291 252 285 217 231 187 221 

18–44 years ..................... 336 401 345 377 265 328 267 298 

45–54 years ..................... 400 462 432 451 339 399 361 384 

55–64 years ..................... 446 506 522 529 382 433 445 453 

65–74 years ..................... 603 672 610 692 534 595 530 609 

75 years and over ................. 666 780 792 763 571 671 689 645 

Race and age3 

White, age adjusted2 ................ 339 376 356 380 282 316 292 315 

White, crude ...................... 338 376 357 381 281 317 293 316 

Under 18 years................... 295 292 258 306 237 235 197 243 

18–44 years ..................... 267 305 284 301 211 248 222 239 

45–54 years ..................... 334 380 368 386 286 328 312 330 

55–64 years ..................... 397 462 474 480 345 406 410 416 

65–74 years ..................... 557 639 597 641 496 572 526 568 

75 years and over ................. 689 768 781 764 598 669 687 658 

Black or African American, age adjusted2 . . 309 400 355 353 204 281 239 239 

Black or African American, crude ........ 281 373 322 324 178 259 211 214 

Under 18 years................... 193 315 237 264 100 217 144 167 

18–44 years ..................... 260 317 267 257 158 207 155 149 

45–54 years ..................... 387 426 398 383 281 310 277 269 

55–64 years ..................... 414 561 543 495 294 411 404 373 

65–74 years ..................... 553 660 611 656 429 511 485 512 

75 years and over ................. 534 725 780 745 395 537 608 568 

See footnotes at end of table. 

260 Health, United States, 2003
Table 82 (page 2 of 2). Ambulatory care visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient and emergency 

departments by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1995–2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physicians and hospital outpatient and emergency departments] 

Hospital outpatient departments Hospital emergency departments 

Age, sex, and race 1995 1998 1999 2000 1995 1998 1999 2000 

Number of visits in thousands 

Total ............................ 67,232 75,412 84,623 83,289 96,545 100,385 102,765 108,017 

Under 18 years .................... 17,636 18,551 21,758 21,076 26,657 26,415 25,688 27,630 

18–44 years ...................... 24,299 26,032 29,514 26,947 41,820 42,064 43,532 45,816 

45–64 years ...................... 14,811 17,980 20,891 20,772 13,978 16,425 17,886 18,339 

45–54 years ..................... 8,029 9,859 11,541 11,558 8,595 9,970 10,686 11,201 

55–64 years ..................... 6,782 8,120 9,350 9,214 5,383 6,455 7,200 7,138 

65 years and over .................. 10,486 12,849 12,461 14,494 14,090 15,482 15,659 16,232 

65–74 years ..................... 6,004 6,869 6,969 7,515 6,057 6,350 6,455 6,543 

75 years and over ................. 4,482 5,979 5,493 6,979 8,033 9,132 9,205 9,690 

Number of visits per 100 persons 

Total, age adjusted2 ................. 26 28 31 31 37 37 38 40 

Total, crude ....................... 26 28 31 30 37 37 38 39 

Under 18 years .................... 25 26 30 29 38 37 36 38 

18–44 years ...................... 22 24 27 25 39 39 40 42 

45–64 years ...................... 29 32 36 34 27 29 31 30 

45–54 years ..................... 26 29 32 31 28 29 30 30 

55–64 years ..................... 33 36 41 39 26 29 31 30 

65 years and over .................. 33 40 38 44 45 48 48 50 

65–74 years ..................... 33 38 39 42 33 35 36 37 

75 years and over ................. 34 42 37 47 61 63 63 65 

Sex and age 

Male, age adjusted2 ................. 21 23 26 26 37 36 37 38 

Male, crude ....................... 21 23 25 25 36 36 37 38 

Under 18 years................... 25 26 29 29 40 39 37 41 

18–44 years ..................... 14 16 18 17 37 37 38 38 

45–54 years ..................... 20 23 25 26 26 28 29 30 

55–64 years ..................... 26 28 37 32 25 28 30 30 

65–74 years ..................... 29 35 35 38 34 35 35 36 

75 years and over ................. 34 42 34 42 61 57 61 59 

Female, age adjusted2 ............... 31 33 37 35 37 38 39 41 

Female, crude ..................... 31 33 37 35 37 38 39 41 

Under 18 years................... 25 26 31 29 35 35 34 35 

18–44 years ..................... 31 32 36 33 40 41 42 46 

45–54 years ..................... 32 34 40 36 29 30 31 31 

55–64 years ..................... 38 44 44 45 26 30 32 31 

65–74 years ..................... 36 41 43 46 32 35 37 37 

75 years and over ................. 34 41 39 49 61 67 64 69 

Race and age3 

White, age adjusted2 ................ 23 25 28 28 34 35 35 37 

White, crude ...................... 23 25 28 28 34 35 35 37 

Under 18 years................... 23 23 28 27 35 34 33 36 

18–44 years ..................... 20 21 25 23 36 36 37 39 

45–54 years ..................... 23 25 28 28 25 27 27 28 

55–64 years ..................... 28 30 36 36 24 26 28 28 

65–74 years ..................... 29 33 36 38 32 33 34 35 

75 years and over ................. 31 38 34 44 60 61 61 63 

Black or African American, age adjusted2 . . 48 55 54 51 58 63 62 62 

Black or African American, crude ........ 45 52 51 48 58 62 60 62 

Under 18 years................... 39 43 42 40 53 55 51 57 

18–44 years ..................... 38 44 45 40 64 67 68 68 

45–54 years ..................... 55 63 66 61 51 54 55 53 

55–64 years ..................... 73 90 83 70 47 59 57 52 

65–74 years ..................... *77 86 69 85 47 64 58 59 

75 years and over ................. 66 85 *79 85 73 103 93 92 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent.

1

All places includes visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient and emergency departments.

2

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

3

Beginning in 1999 the instruction for the race item on the Patient Record Form was changed so that more than one race could be recorded. In previous years only

one racial category could be checked. Estimates for racial groups presented in this table are for visits where only one race was recorded. Estimates for visits where

multiple races were checked were unreliable and are not presented.

NOTES: Some numbers were revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United States. Rates are based on the civilian noninstitutionalized population as of 

July 1 adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Rates will be overestimated to the 

extent that visits by institutionalized persons are counted in the numerator (for example, hospital emergency department visits by nursing home residents) and institutionalized persons are omitted from the denominator. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 261 
Table 83 (page 1 of 2). Injury-related visits to hospital emergency departments by sex, age, 

and intent and mechanism of injury: United States, average annual 1995–96, 1997–98, and 1999–2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of hospital emergency departments] 

Sex, age, and 

intent and mechanism of injury1 1995–96 1997–98 1999–2000 1995–96 1997–98 1999–2000 

Injury-related Injury-related 

Both sexes visits in thousands visits per 10,000 persons 

All ages2,3 .......................... 36,081 36,111 39,029 1,360.9 1,344.2 1,428.1 

Male 

All ages2,3 .......................... 20,030 19,838 21,286 1,530.7 1,500.0 1,585.3 

Under 18 years2 ...................... 6,238 6,057 6,364 1,720.2 1,651.9 1,722.2 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 5,478 5,192 5,457 1,510.5 1,416.1 1,476.7 

Falls............................. 1,402 1,241 1,303 386.5 338.4 352.6 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 1,011 1,468 1,378 278.9 400.5 372.8 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 453 405 432 125.0 110.6 116.9 

Cut or pierce ....................... 493 482 455 136.0 131.5 123.2 

Intentional injuries ..................... 290 229 242 80.0 62.4 65.6 

18–24 years2 ........................ 2,980 2,805 3,096 2,396.9 2,222.5 2,361.6 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 2,423 2,169 2,416 1,948.7 1,718.8 1,842.7 

Falls............................. 299 255 307 240.8 202.1 233.9 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 387 456 405 311.0 361.7 308.6 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 347 404 469 279.4 320.2 357.5 

Cut or pierce ....................... 304 310 394 244.8 245.7 300.5 

Intentional injuries ..................... 335 269 322 269.2 213.1 245.9 

25–44 years2 ........................ 7,245 6,788 7,251 1,767.4 1,660.4 1,796.9 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 5,757 5,122 5,528 1,404.3 1,252.8 1,370.0 

Falls............................. 817 779 850 199.4 190.5 210.8 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 619 849 781 151.0 207.8 193.6 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 912 831 848 222.6 203.2 210.1 

Cut or pierce ....................... 860 741 764 209.8 181.1 189.4 

Intentional injuries ..................... 701 526 511 171.0 128.8 126.5 

45–64 years2 ........................ 2,240 2,755 2,972 883.4 1,020.4 1,030.9 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 1,845 2,108 2,325 727.6 781.0 806.7 

Falls............................. 445 512 582 175.6 189.5 202.0 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 186 202 232 73.3 74.8 80.6 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 244 312 316 96.3 115.6 109.6 

Cut or pierce ....................... 203 289 294 79.9 107.2 101.9 

Intentional injuries ..................... 86 107 99 33.8 39.7 34.3 

65 years and over2 .................... 1,327 1,434 1,603 1,000.7 1,056.6 1,158.7 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 1,009 1,109 1,207 760.6 817.2 872.1 

Falls............................. 505 492 579 380.9 362.3 418.1 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... *39 84 112 *29.4 *61.9 *80.7 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 99 124 114 74.7 91.7 *82.5 

Cut or pierce ....................... *81 117 102 *61.1 86.4 74.0 

Intentional injuries ..................... * 19 10 * * * 

See footnotes at end of table. 

262 Health, United States, 2003
Table 83 (page 2 of 2). Injury-related visits to hospital emergency departments by sex, age, 

and intent and mechanism of injury: United States, average annual 1995–96, 1997–98, and 1999–2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of hospital emergency departments] 

Sex, age, and 

intent and mechanism of injury1 1995–96 1997–98 1999–2000 1995–96 1997–98 1999–2000 

Injury-related Injury-related 

Female visits in thousands visits per 10,000 persons 

All ages2,3 .......................... 16,051 16,273 17,743 1,186.4 1,183.1 1,267.4 

Under 18 years2 ...................... 4,372 4,100 4,443 1,263.9 1,172.0 1,259.0 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 3,760 3,395 3,722 1,087.0 970.5 1,054.7 

Falls............................. 1,040 821 1,025 300.7 234.6 290.6 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 477 704 728 137.9 201.4 206.4 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 447 403 430 129.3 115.4 122.0 

Cut or pierce ....................... 253 265 232 73.0 75.9 65.7 

Intentional injuries ..................... 220 178 149 63.6 50.9 42.3 

18–24 years2 ........................ 1,900 2,025 2,219 1,523.4 1,606.2 1,688.1 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 1,430 1,494 1,579 1,146.7 1,185.3 1,200.9 

Falls............................. 268 222 234 214.5 176.2 178.0 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 134 180 170 107.4 143.1 129.6 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 373 473 469 298.8 374.9 357.1 

Cut or pierce ....................... 131 121 156 105.3 96.0 118.3 

Intentional injuries ..................... 239 227 219 191.7 179.9 166.8 

25–44 years2 ........................ 5,098 5,050 5,584 1,205.8 1,194.2 1,332.7 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 3,877 3,720 3,976 916.8 879.9 948.9 

Falls............................. 817 830 947 193.3 196.2 225.9 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 380 447 382 89.8 105.7 91.3 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 872 821 788 206.2 194.3 188.0 

Cut or pierce ....................... 338 378 434 79.8 89.3 103.5 

Intentional injuries ..................... 422 400 425 99.8 94.7 101.5 

45–64 years2 ........................ 2,369 2,649 2,933 873.7 919.1 952.9 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 1,857 1,980 2,180 685.2 686.8 708.2 

Falls............................. 600 659 749 221.5 228.5 243.5 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 160 224 192 58.8 77.6 62.3 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 343 331 324 126.5 114.7 105.2 

Cut or pierce ....................... 127 192 175 46.9 66.6 56.8 

Intentional injuries ..................... *64 88 125 *23.5 30.4 40.5 

65 years and over2 .................... 2,313 2,449 2,564 1,256.1 1,314.2 1,367.8 

Unintentional injuries4 .................. 1,931 2,009 2,013 1,049.0 1,078.0 1,073.8 

Falls............................. 1,230 1,239 1,219 667.9 664.7 650.4 

Struck by or against objects or persons .... 82 146 103 44.8 78.2 54.8 

Motor vehicle traffic .................. 169 163 132 91.6 87.5 70.6 

Cut or pierce ....................... *42 68 72 *22.7 *36.7 *38.3 

Intentional injuries ..................... * 31 20 * * * 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

1

Intent and mechanism of injury are based on the first-listed external cause of injury code (E code). Intentional injuries include suicide attempts and assaults. See

Appendix II, First-listed external cause of injury and Appendix II, table VII for listing of E codes.

2

Includes all injury-related visits not shown separately in table including those with undetermined intent (less than 1 percent in 1999–2000), insufficient or no information

to code cause of injury (about 13 percent in 1999–2000), and resulting from adverse effects of medical treatment (about 3 percent in 1999–2000).

3

Rates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–24 years, 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

Includes unintentional injury-related visits with mechanism of injury not shown in table.

NOTES: An emergency department visit was considered injury related if the checkbox for injury was indicated, the physician’s diagnosis was injury related (ICD–9-CM 

800–999), an external cause of injury code was present (ICD–9-CM E800-E999), or the patient’s reason for the visit was injury related. Rates are based on the civilian 

noninstitutionalized population as of July 1 adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the Bureau of the Census. 

Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. 

This table will be updated with 2000–01 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 263 
Table 84 (page 1 of 2). Ambulatory care visits to primary care and specialist physicians, according to 

selected characteristics and type of physician: United States, 1980, 1990, and 2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physicians] 

Type of primary care physician1 

All primary 

care 

General and 

family practice 

Internal 

medicine Pediatrics 

Age, sex, and race 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 

Percent of all physician office visits 

Total .................. 56.6 54.9 51.1 33.5 29.9 24.1 12.1 13.8 15.3 10.9 11.2 11.7 

Under 18 years........... 76.6 78.3 78.6 26.1 26.5 19.9 2.0 2.9 * 48.5 48.9 57.3 

18–44 years ............. 43.6 44.3 41.7 34.3 31.9 28.2 8.6 11.8 12.7 0.7 0.7 *0.9 

45–64 years ............. 56.0 50.9 46.7 36.3 32.1 26.4 19.5 18.6 20.1 * * * 

45–54 years ........... 54.6 49.4 46.7 37.4 32.0 27.8 17.1 17.1 18.7 * * * 

55–64 years ........... 57.3 52.4 46.7 35.4 32.1 24.7 21.8 20.0 21.7 * * * 

65 years and over ......... 60.3 51.5 45.0 37.5 28.1 20.2 22.7 23.3 24.5 * * * 

65–74 years ........... 59.5 51.2 44.6 37.4 28.1 19.7 22.1 23.0 24.5 * * * 

75 years and over ....... 61.3 51.8 45.4 37.6 28.0 20.8 23.5 23.7 24.5 * * * 

Sex and age 

Male: 

Under 18 years ......... 77.1 77.9 77.4 25.6 24.1 18.3 2.0 3.0 * 49.4 50.7 58.0 

18–44 years ........... 50.5 51.7 50.4 38.0 35.9 34.2 11.5 15.0 14.4 * * *1.7 

45–64 years ........... 55.0 50.5 48.9 34.4 31.0 28.7 20.5 19.2 19.8 * * * 

65 years and over ....... 57.9 51.1 43.1 35.6 27.7 19.3 22.3 23.3 23.8 * * * 

Female: 

Under 18 years ......... 76.0 78.8 79.9 26.6 29.1 21.7 2.0 2.8 * 47.4 46.9 56.5 

18–44 years ........... 40.4 41.0 37.6 32.5 30.0 25.3 7.3 10.3 11.9 * * * 

45–64 years ........... 56.7 51.1 45.2 37.7 32.8 24.9 18.9 18.2 20.2 * * * 

65 years and over ....... 61.8 51.7 46.3 38.7 28.3 20.9 22.9 23.3 25.0 * * * 

Race and age2 

White: 

Under 18 years ......... 76.5 78.2 77.3 26.4 27.1 21.2 2.0 2.3 * 48.2 48.8 54.7 

18–44 years ........... 43.8 43.2 41.0 34.5 31.9 29.2 8.6 10.6 11.0 * * *0.8 

45–64 years ........... 55.4 49.4 44.6 36.0 31.5 27.3 19.2 17.6 17.1 * * * 

65 years and over ....... 60.0 50.7 43.6 36.6 27.5 20.3 23.3 23.1 23.0 * * * 

Black or African American: 

Under 18 years ......... 77.1 82.1 86.4 23.7 20.2 * * * * 51.2 52.1 75.0 

18–44 years ........... 41.4 50.4 44.3 31.7 31.9 22.0 9.0 18.1 20.9 * * * 

45–64 years ........... 61.3 58.2 59.4 38.6 31.2 23.3 22.6 26.9 35.9 * * * 

65 years and over ....... 63.3 57.8 52.1 49.0 28.9 *18.5 14.2 28.7 33.4 * * * 

See footnotes at end of table. 

264 Health, United States, 2003
Table 84 (page 2 of 2). Ambulatory care visits to primary care and specialist physicians, according to 

selected characteristics and type of physician: United States, 1980, 1990, and 2000 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of office-based physicians] 

Type of specialist physician1 

Obstetrics and 

gynecology 

All other 

All specialists specialists

Age, sex, and race 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 

Percent of all physician office visits 

Total .................. 43.4 45.1 48.9 9.6 9.0 7.9 33.8 36.1 40.9 

Under 18 years........... 23.4 21.7 21.4 1.3 1.2 *1.1 22.2 20.5 20.3 

18–44 years ............. 56.4 55.7 58.3 21.7 21.5 20.7 34.7 34.1 37.5 

45–64 years ............. 44.0 49.1 53.3 4.2 4.8 4.6 39.8 44.3 48.8 

45–54 years ........... 45.4 50.6 53.3 5.6 6.5 5.6 39.8 44.2 47.7 

55–64 years ........... 42.7 47.6 53.3 2.9 3.2 3.3 39.8 44.4 50.1 

65 years and over ......... 39.7 48.5 55.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 38.4 47.3 53.5 

65–74 years ........... 40.5 48.8 55.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 38.8 47.2 53.4 

75 years and over ....... 38.7 48.2 54.6 1.0 *0.7 *1.0 37.7 47.5 53.6 

Sex and age 

Male: 

Under 18 years ......... 22.9 22.1 22.6 . . . . . . * 22.7 21.9 22.3 

18–44 years ........... 49.5 48.3 49.6 . . . . . . * 49.2 48.2 48.5 

45–64 years ........... 45.0 49.5 51.1 . . . . . . * 44.4 49.4 50.6 

65 years and over ....... 42.1 48.9 56.9 . . . . . . * 41.8 48.8 56.9 

Female: 

Under 18 years ......... 24.0 21.2 20.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 21.5 18.9 18.0 

18–44 years ........... 59.6 59.0 62.4 31.7 31.4 30.2 27.9 27.6 32.2 

45–64 years ........... 43.3 48.9 54.8 6.7 7.9 7.3 36.6 40.9 47.5 

65 years and over ....... 38.2 48.3 53.7 2.1 1.9 2.6 36.1 46.4 51.1 

Race and age2 

White: 

Under 18 years ......... 23.5 21.8 22.7 1.1 1.0 *1.2 22.4 20.8 21.5 

18–44 years ........... 56.2 56.8 59.0 21.0 21.8 20.8 35.2 35.0 38.2 

45–64 years ........... 44.6 50.6 55.4 4.1 4.9 4.8 40.4 45.7 50.6 

65 years and over ....... 40.0 49.3 56.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 38.6 48.1 54.9 

Black or African American: 

Under 18 years ......... 22.9 17.9 *13.6 2.8 *3.4 * 20.1 14.5 *12.7 

18–44 years ........... 58.6 49.6 55.7 27.1 18.6 20.7 31.5 31.0 35.0 

45–64 years ........... 38.7 41.8 40.6 4.8 4.0 *2.4 33.9 37.9 38.3 

65 years and over ....... 36.7 42.2 47.9 * * * 35.4 41.3 47.0 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

. . . Category not applicable.

1

Type of physician is based on physician’s self-designated primary area of practice. Primary care physicians are defined as practitioners in the fields of general and

family practice, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics. Primary care physicians in general and family practice exclude specialists such as sports medicine

and geriatrics. Primary care internal medicine physicians exclude internal medicine specialists such as allergists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, etc. Primary care

pediatricians exclude pediatric specialists such as adolescent medicine specialists, neonatologists, pediatric allergists, pediatric cardiologists, etc. Specialist physicians

include obstetricians and gynecologists in addition to other specialists not included in general and family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and all other specialists.

See Appendix II, Physician specialty.

2

Beginning in 1999 the instruction for the race item on the Patient Record Form was changed so that more than one race could be recorded. In previous years only

one racial category could be checked. Estimates for racial groups presented in this table are for visits where only one race was recorded. Estimates for visits where

multiple races were checked were unreliable and are not presented.

NOTES: This table presents data on ambulatory care visits to physician offices and excludes ambulatory care visits to other sites such as hospital outpatient and emergency departments. In 1980 the survey excluded Alaska and Hawaii. Data for all other years include all 50 States. Excludes visits with type of physician unknown. Data 

for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. 

This table will be updated with 2001 data on the web. Go to www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

Health, United States, 2003 265 
Table 87. Home health care patients, according to age, sex, and diagnosis: United States, selected years 

1992–2000 

[Data are based on a survey of current home health care patients] 

Age, sex, and diagnosis 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

Number of current patients 

Total home health care patients ......................... 1,232,200 1,889,327 2,427,483 1,881,768 1,355,290 

Current patients per 10,000 population 

Total............................................. 47.8 71.8 90.6 69.6 48.7 

Age at time of survey: 

Under 65 years, crude .............................. 12.6 21.0 27.8 25.0 16.4 

65 years and over, crude............................. 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 

....................... 295.4 

315.8 

424.9 526.3 375.7 

449.6 546.6 381.0 

277.0 

276.5 

65–74 years .................................... 151.7 209.1 240.1 202.0 130.2 

75–84 years .................................... 398.3 542.2 753.6 470.3 347.6 

85 years and over ................................ 775.9 1,206.1 1,253.4 885.4 694.1 

Sex: 

Male, total ....................................... 32.6 47.8 60.9 47.9 35.1 

Under 65 years, crude ............................. 10.9 17.8 22.1 22.9 15.6 

65 years and over, crude ........................... 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ..................... 219.2 255.8 

303.1 386.4 255.2 

350.0 438.3 277.6 

199.6 

216.4 

65–74 years .................................. 121.8 169.9 187.0 159.7 100.7 

75–84 years .................................. 322.0 427.5 598.7 321.4 270.0 

85 years and over .............................. 635.2 893.1 1,044.3 653.0 553.9 

Female, total ..................................... 62.4 94.7 118.9 90.4 61.8 

Under 65 years, crude ............................. 14.3 24.2 33.6 27.0 17.2 

65 years and over, crude ........................... 65 years and over, age adjusted1 ..................... 347.4 

351.5 

508.9 623.9 460.4 

506.6 615.0 445.8 

332.6 

315.5 

65–74 years .................................. 175.3 240.6 283.2 236.3 154.6 

75–84 years .................................. 445.3 614.5 854.0 568.8 400.4 

85 years and over .............................. 830.7 1,327.6 1,337.0 981.7 754.9 

Percent distribution 

Age at time of survey:2 

Under 65 years ................................... 23.1 25.7 27.0 31.3 29.5 

65 years and over ................................. 76.9 74.3 73.0 68.7 70.5 

65–74 years .................................... 22.6 20.6 18.4 19.7 17.3 

75–84 years .................................... 33.9 31.2 35.3 29.9 31.3 

85 years and over ................................ 20.4 22.4 19.4 19.1 21.9 

Sex: 

Male ........................................... 33.2 32.5 32.9 33.6 35.2 

Female ......................................... 66.8 67.5 67.1 66.4 64.8 

Primary admission diagnosis:3 

Malignant neoplasms ............................... 5.7 5.7 4.8 3.8 4.9 

Diabetes ........................................ 7.7 8.1 8.5 6.1 7.8 

Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs .......... 6.3 8.0 5.8 7.6 6.1 

Diseases of the circulatory system ...................... 25.9 27.2 25.6 23.6 23.6 

Diseases of heart ................................ 12.6 14.3 10.9 12.3 10.9 

Cerebrovascular diseases .......................... 5.8 6.1 7.8 5.1 7.3 

Diseases of the respiratory system...................... 6.6 6.1 7.7 7.9 6.8 

Decubitus ulcers................................... 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.9 

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue . . 9.4 8.3 8.8 8.3 9.8 

Osteoarthritis ................................... 2.5 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.5 

Fractures, all sites ................................. 3.8 3.7 3.3 4.0 4.1 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ....................... 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 

Other .......................................... 32.7 31.8 34.6 37.5 34.9 

1

Age adjusted by the direct method to the year 2000 standard population using the following three age groups: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

2

Denominator excludes persons with unknown age.

3

Denominator excludes persons with unknown diagnosis.

NOTES: Current home health care patients are those who were on the rolls of the agency as of midnight on the day immediately before the date of the survey. Rates

are based on the civilian population as of July 1. Population figures are adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Population Adjustm ent Matrix from

the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of the

code numbers, see Appendix II, table IX.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Home and Hospice Care Survey.

266 Health, United States, 2003
Table 88. Hospice patients, according to age, sex, and diagnosis: United States, selected years 1992–2000 

[Data are based on a survey of current hospice patients] 

Age, sex, and diagnosis 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

Number of current patients 

Total hospice patients................................. 52,100 60,783 59,363 79,837 105,496 

Current patients per 10,000 population 

Total............................................. 2.0 2.3 2.2 3.0 3.8 

Age at time of survey: 

Under 65 years, crude .............................. 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 

65 years and over, crude............................. 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 

....................... 13.1 

13.7 

12.9 13.9 18.2 

13.6 14.4 18.4 

24.9 

24.9 

65–74 years .................................... 7.8 7.3 7.8 9.9 10.1 

75–84 years .................................... 19.2 16.9 16.9 22.0 31.9 

85 years and over ................................ 23.4 30.6 34.7 44.7 67.3 

Sex: 

Male, total ....................................... 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.6 3.3 

Under 65 years, crude ............................. 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.8 

65 years and over, crude ........................... 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ..................... 13.9 

16.0 

12.5 14.8 18.5 

14.4 16.1 20.3 

24.8 

26.9 

65–74 years .................................. 6.3 7.0 10.4 10.2 13.0 

75–84 years .................................. 25.8 18.2 18.5 25.2 32.6 

85 years and over .............................. 28.8 34.8 33.9 49.2 69.9 

Female, total ..................................... 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.3 4.3 

Under 65 years, crude ............................. 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 

65 years and over, crude ........................... 65 years and over, age adjusted1 ..................... 12.6 

12.6 

13.2 13.2 18.0 

13.2 12.9 17.3 

25.0 

23.3 

65–74 years .................................. 8.9 7.5 5.8 9.6 7.6 

75–84 years .................................. 15.1 16.1 15.9 19.9 31.5 

85 years and over .............................. 21.4 29.0 35.0 42.9 66.2 

Percent distribution 

Age at time of survey:2 

Under 65 years ................................... 19.5 30.1 21.3 21.6 18.6 

65 years and over ................................. 80.5 69.9 78.7 78.4 81.4 

65–74 years .................................... 27.3 22.2 24.5 22.7 17.2 

75–84 years .................................... 38.6 30.1 32.4 32.9 37.0 

85 years and over ................................ 14.6 17.6 21.9 22.7 27.3 

Sex: 

Male ........................................... 46.1 44.7 44.9 42.7 42.6 

Female ......................................... 53.9 55.3 55.1 57.3 57.4 

Primary admission diagnosis:3 

Malignant neoplasms ............................... 65.7 57.2 58.3 55.5 51.9 

Large intestine and rectum.......................... 9.0 8.0 4.0 6.4 4.9 

Trachea, bronchus, and lung ........................ 21.1 12.5 15.8 13.0 12.3 

Breast ........................................ 3.9 4.8 6.2 4.9 4.8 

Prostate ....................................... 6.0 5.9 6.6 6.1 7.7 

Diseases of heart .................................. 10.2 9.3 8.3 9.7 12.8 

Diseases of the respiratory system...................... 4.3 6.6 7.3 10.6 6.5 

Other .......................................... 19.8 27.0 26.1 24.3 28.8 

1

Age adjusted by the direct method to the year 2000 standard population using the following three age groups: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

2

Denominator excludes persons with unknown age.

3

Denominator excludes persons with unknown diagnosis.

NOTES: Current hospice patients are those who were on the rolls of the agency as of midnight on the day immediately before the date of the survey. Rates are based

on the civilian population as of July 1. Population figures are adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the U.S.

Bureau of the Census. Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of the code num­

bers, see Appendix II, table IX.

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Home and Hospice Care Survey.

Health, United States, 2003 267 
Table 89 (page 1 of 3). Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in short-stay hospitals, according 

to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Discharges1 Days of care1 Average length of stay1 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Number per 1,000 population Number of days 

Total2,3 ...................................... 124.3 119.7 122.0 601.2 555.1 554.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 

Age 

Under 18 years ................................ 90.8 76.3 78.6 319.0 302.6 312.4 3.5 4.0 4.0 

Under 6 years ............................... 203.5 183.2 184.6 632.6 664.8 674.0 3.1 3.6 3.7 

6–17 years .................................. 34.0 24.3 27.0 163.1 *126.5 136.5 4.8 *5.2 5.1 

18–44 years .................................. 96.8 95.8 94.8 358.8 352.8 348.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 

45–64 years .................................. 124.9 125.6 125.2 631.1 592.5 616.0 5.1 4.7 4.9 

45–54 years ................................. 99.2 110.1 103.7 527.5 473.9 465.9 5.3 4.3 4.5 

55–64 years ................................. 164.8 149.6 159.2 792.4 775.5 853.5 4.8 5.2 5.4 

65 years and over .............................. 274.4 269.7 286.6 1,852.5 1,620.5 1,560.6 6.8 6.0 5.4 

65–74 years ................................. 249.1 229.8 231.2 1,595.2 1,386.4 1,239.0 6.4 6.0 5.4 

75 years and over ............................. 307.3 318.5 351.9 2,188.4 1,907.6 1,941.2 7.1 6.0 5.5 

Under 65 years of age 

All persons under 65 years of age2,4 ................. 102.2 97.6 97.8 416.4 398.9 406.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 

Sex4 

Male ........................................ 79.1 77.9 76.1 374.9 374.0 372.9 4.7 4.8 4.9 

Female ...................................... 124.7 116.7 119.0 456.6 422.8 439.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 

Race4,5 

White only .................................... 100.8 94.7 93.2 385.8 368.7 369.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 

Black or African American only ..................... 126.3 122.8 130.3 688.6 638.3 657.2 5.5 5.2 5.0 

American Indian and Alaska Native only ............... 111.9 128.3 169.2 *494.3 *570.0 *767.6 *4.4 *4.4 *4.5 

Asian only .................................... 61.7 78.4 68.0 *268.6 *249.5 228.7 *4.4 *3.2 3.4 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ................................. - - - * * - - - * * - - - * * 

2 or more races ................................ - - - 139.1 139.5 - - - *688.8 *586.2 - - - *5.0 *4.2 

Hispanic origin and race4,5 

Hispanic or Latino .............................. 109.9 90.1 101.5 416.7 389.8 406.3 3.8 4.3 4.0 

Not Hispanic or Latino ........................... 101.2 98.7 97.5 415.4 401.5 407.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 

White only .................................. 99.6 95.4 92.6 382.7 368.4 368.2 3.8 3.9 4.0 

Black or African American only .................... 125.7 122.7 129.4 692.6 625.5 656.0 5.5 5.1 5.1 

Poverty status4,6 

Poor ........................................ 196.8 174.0 167.9 971.0 992.9 857.7 4.9 5.7 5.1 

Near poor .................................... 125.5 150.3 136.2 553.7 671.4 646.5 4.4 4.5 4.7 

Nonpoor ..................................... 85.6 82.1 86.5 312.1 291.9 316.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 

Hispanic origin and race and poverty status4,5,6 

Hispanic or Latino: 

Poor ...................................... 163.9 122.3 167.8 625.1 555.2 723.9 3.8 4.5 4.3 

Near poor .................................. 93.9 97.0 93.5 421.4 *434.9 362.0 4.5 *4.5 3.9 

Nonpoor.................................... 95.4 79.2 79.8 297.9 295.4 288.1 3.1 3.7 3.6 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White only: 

Poor ..................................... 222.2 181.2 145.7 1,053.4 1,042.5 812.3 4.7 5.8 5.6 

Near poor ................................. 132.8 166.8 144.3 539.1 683.8 725.4 4.1 4.1 5.0 

Nonpoor .................................. 85.7 81.5 86.6 306.8 289.7 305.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 

Black or African American only: 

Poor ..................................... 195.9 223.6 230.4 1,260.0 1,424.2 1,243.3 6.4 6.4 5.4 

Near poor ................................. 142.0 154.1 163.7 819.2 *920.3 732.2 5.8 *6.0 4.5 

Nonpoor .................................. 92.3 86.7 96.8 389.0 332.7 489.8 4.2 3.8 5.1 

Health insurance status4,7 

Insured ...................................... 108.1 101.6 104.3 442.5 416.8 433.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 

Private..................................... 85.6 80.2 84.4 310.2 287.8 311.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 

Medicaid ................................... 311.6 332.5 296.2 1,575.3 1,695.5 1,495.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 

Uninsured .................................... 75.3 75.7 64.2 296.3 304.2 270.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

268 Health, United States, 2003
Table 89 (page 2 of 3). Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in short-stay hospitals, according 

to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Discharges1 Days of care1 Average length of stay1 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Poverty status and health insurance status4,6 Number per 1,000 population Number of days 

Poor: 

Insured .................................... 243.9 217.1 210.9 1,272.5 1,294.5 1,123.1 5.2 6.0 5.3 

Uninsured .................................. 110.0 101.5 90.1 459.4 476.9 366.5 4.2 4.7 4.1 

Near poor: 

Insured .................................... 149.2 184.3 164.7 663.8 837.5 788.6 4.4 4.5 4.8 

Uninsured .................................. 73.4 75.2 72.9 302.1 295.5 *333.1 4.1 3.9 *4.6 

Nonpoor: 

Insured .................................... 88.1 84.1 88.9 316.0 299.7 327.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 

Uninsured .................................. 59.8 58.8 54.5 *253.5 197.6 166.4 *4.2 3.4 3.1 

Geographic region4 

Northeast .................................... 96.0 85.6 87.5 455.4 381.6 403.9 4.7 4.5 4.6 

Midwest ..................................... 108.7 99.6 100.5 384.4 359.9 400.0 3.5 3.6 4.0 

South ....................................... 111.8 112.8 110.6 466.1 463.9 456.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 

West........................................ 82.9 80.0 82.5 327.2 348.3 332.4 3.9 4.4 4.0 

Location of residence4 

Within MSA8 .................................. 99.3 94.0 96.1 411.8 383.0 400.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 

Outside MSA8 ................................. 113.2 111.9 104.7 435.9 459.4 432.7 3.8 4.1 4.1 

65 years of age and over 

All persons 65 years of age and over2,9 ............... 276.9 272.1 288.8 1,878.4 1,635.3 1,574.3 6.8 6.0 5.5 

Sex9 

Male ........................................ 291.6 280.2 304.4 2,077.4 1,551.7 1,746.2 7.1 5.5 5.7 

Female ...................................... 265.2 264.0 277.1 1,727.4 1,676.5 1,457.2 6.5 6.4 5.3 

Hispanic origin and race5,9 

Hispanic or Latino .............................. 312.7 289.8 304.4 2,512.1 1,882.8 1,568.9 8.0 6.5 5.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino ........................... 274.6 271.2 287.8 1,846.3 1,618.0 1,574.6 6.7 6.0 5.5 

White only .................................. 274.8 271.4 287.7 1,808.2 1,586.4 1,525.4 6.6 5.8 5.3 

Black or African American only .................... 290.8 300.7 336.7 2,423.5 2,064.8 2,311.8 8.3 6.9 6.9 

Poverty status6,9 

Poor ........................................ 357.4 394.7 416.1 2,690.9 2,169.0 2,220.6 7.5 5.5 5.3 

Near poor .................................... 329.6 328.5 310.7 2,498.3 1,954.8 1,849.7 7.6 6.0 6.0 

Nonpoor ..................................... 256.6 247.3 266.7 1,680.3 1,510.4 1,345.9 6.5 6.1 5.0 

Health insurance status7,9 

Medicare HMO ................................ 217.8 241.9 252.8 1,355.3 1,396.0 1,305.8 6.2 5.8 5.2 

Private ...................................... 271.9 270.9 286.3 1,756.1 1,592.8 1,485.9 6.5 5.9 5.2 

Medicaid ..................................... 539.7 455.0 484.0 3,810.6 3,286.7 2,663.2 7.1 7.2 5.5 

Medicare fee-for-service only ...................... 252.9 266.0 264.2 1,906.6 1,565.3 1,717.7 7.5 5.9 6.5 

Geographic region9 

Northeast .................................... 265.0 288.0 272.0 1,828.5 1,873.4 1,467.7 6.9 6.5 5.4 

Midwest ..................................... 285.2 244.0 280.0 1,971.1 1,475.3 1,517.9 6.9 6.0 5.4 

South ....................................... 298.1 298.1 312.3 2,140.2 1,783.8 1,757.4 7.2 6.0 5.6 

West........................................ 237.2 238.5 275.7 1,299.2 1,284.6 1,434.7 5.5 5.4 5.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 269 
Table 89 (page 3 of 3). Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in short-stay hospitals, according 

to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Discharges1 Days of care1 Average length of stay1 

Characteristic 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 1997 1999 2001 

Location of residence9 Number per 1,000 population Number of days 

Within MSA8 .................................. 271.3 265.3 286.8 1,875.9 1,653.3 1,584.1 6.9 6.2 5.5 

Outside MSA8 ................................. 295.1 295.3 295.8 1,893.6 1,574.8 1,540.8 6.4 5.3 5.2 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a relative standard error of

greater than 30 percent.

- - - Data not available.

1

See Appendix II, Discharge; Days of care; Average length of stay.

2

Includes all other races not shown separately, unknown poverty status, and unknown health insurance status.

3

Estimates for all persons are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using six age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years,

and 75 years of age and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

Estimates are for persons under 65 years of age and are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using four age groups: Under 18 years, 18–44 years,

45–54 years, and 55–64 years of age. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

5

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2 or more

races’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial groups

and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who reported

one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates can be

seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standard of the hospital discharge rate for persons

under 65 years of age are: 0.2 percentage points lower for white persons; 0.3 percentage points lower for black persons; 12.4 percentage points lower for AI/AN per-

sons; 1.2 percentage points higher for Asian and Pacific Islander persons; and for persons 65 years of age and older: 0.4 percentage points lower for white persons;

and 0.6 percentage points higher for black persons than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

6

Poor persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. Near poor persons have incomes of 100 percent to less than 200 percent of the poverty threshold. Nonpoor

persons have incomes of 200 percent or greater than the poverty threshold. See Appendix II, Poverty level; Family income. Poverty status was missing for 20 percent

of persons in the sample in 1997, 25 percent in 1998, 28 percent in 1999, 27 percent in 2000, and 28 percent in 2001.

7

Health insurance categories are mutually exclusive. Persons who reported both Medicaid and private coverage are classified as having private coverage. Persons 65

years of age and over who reported Medicare HMO (health maintenance organization) and some other type of health insurance coverage are classified as having Medi­

care HMO. Starting in 1997 Medicaid includes state-sponsored health plans and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). The category ‘‘insured’’ also

includes military, other State, and Medicare coverage. See Appendix II, Health insurance coverage.

8

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

9

Estimates are for persons 65 years of age and over and are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and

over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

NOTES: Some numbers in this table for health insurance estimates were revised and differ from previous editions of Health, United States. Estimates of hospital utilization presented in Health, United States utilize two data sources: the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS). Differences in estimates from the two surveys are particularly evident for children and the elderly. See Appendix II, Hospital Utilization. Data for additional years are 

available (see Appendix III). Standard errors for selected years are available in the spreadsheet version of this table. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm. 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core questionnaire. 

270 Health, United States, 2003
Table 90 (page 1 of 2). Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, 

according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1980–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Characteristic 19801 19851 1990 1997 1998 1999 20002 20013 

Discharges per 1,000 population 

Total4 ......................... 173.4 151.4 125.2 116.1 117.9 117.8 113.3 115.3 

Age 

Under 18 years .................. 75.6 61.4 46.4 40.6 40.4 42.2 40.3 43.4 

18–44 years .................... 155.3 128.0 102.7 86.0 88.8 86.4 85.0 87.6 

45–54 years .................... 174.8 146.8 112.4 93.7 92.7 94.5 92.1 94.5 

55–64 years .................... 215.4 194.8 163.3 149.1 155.1 151.4 141.5 139.3 

65 years and over ................ 383.7 369.8 334.1 361.1 365.3 370.4 353.5 354.9 

65–74 years .................. 315.8 297.2 261.6 265.9 267.6 270.6 254.6 256.2 

75 years and over .............. 489.3 475.6 434.0 474.0 477.4 481.6 462.3 461.4 

129.0 

115.6 

124.7 

98.5 

Sex4 

Male ......................... 153.2 137.3 113.0 103.0 102.8 103.4 99.1 100.2 

Female........................ 195.0 167.3 139.0 130.0 133.3 132.2 127.8 130.9 

Geographic region4 

Northeast ...................... 162.0 142.6 133.2 125.5 127.3 - - - - - -

Midwest ....................... 192.1 158.1 128.8 115.5 116.4 - - - - - - South ......................... 179.7 155.5 132.5 122.4 126.4 - - - - - -

West ......................... 150.5 145.7 100.7 97.9 97.1 - - - - - -

Days of care per 1,000 population 

Total4 ......................... 1,297.0 997.5 818.9 595.2 598.6 588.8 557.8 563.2 

Age 

Under 18 years .................. 341.4 281.2 226.3 169.8 182.4 185.5 179.0 192.7 

18–44 years .................... 818.6 619.2 467.7 317.4 328.3 316.9 309.5 323.6 

45–54 years .................... 1,314.9 967.8 699.7 460.8 452.9 451.0 437.5 455.9 

55–64 years .................... 1,889.4 1,436.9 1,172.3 821.4 836.1 795.1 729.0 732.4 

65 years and over ................ 4,098.3 3,228.0 2,895.6 2,285.6 2,264.2 2,256.8 2,112.5 2,067.8 

65–74 years .................. 3,147.0 2,437.3 2,087.8 1,599.3 1,596.1 1,578.1 1,438.9 1,450.3 

75 years and over .............. 5,578.8 4,381.3 4,009.1 3,099.6 3,030.8 3,012.9 2,853.7 2,734.0 

733.6 

532.6 

622.1 

461.4 

Sex4 

Male ......................... 1,239.7 973.3 805.8 573.8 576.7 565.4 536.0 535.7 

Female........................ 1,365.2 1,033.1 840.5 619.3 622.9 613.6 581.2 592.9 

Geographic region4 

Northeast ...................... 1,400.6 1,113.0 1,026.7 739.2 731.0 - - - - - -

Midwest ....................... 1,484.8 1,078.6 830.6 556.3 552.5 - - - - - -

South ......................... 1,262.3 957.7 820.4 629.5 643.9 - - - - - -

West ......................... 956.9 824.7 575.5 445.3 450.4 - - - - - -

Average length of stay in days 

Total4 ......................... 7.5 6.6 6.5 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 

Age 

Under 18 years .................. 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 

18–44 years .................... 5.3 4.8 4.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 

45–54 years .................... 7.5 6.6 6.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 

55–64 years .................... 8.8 7.4 7.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3 

65 years and over ................ 10.7 8.7 8.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.8 

65–74 years .................. 10.0 8.2 8.0 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 

75 years and over .............. 11.4 9.2 9.2 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.9 

Sex4 

Male ......................... 8.1 7.1 7.1 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 

Female........................ 7.0 6.2 6.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 271 
Table 90 (page 2 of 2). Discharges, days of care, and average length of stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, 

according to selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1980–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Characteristic 19801 19851 1990 1997 1998 1999 20002 20013 

Geographic region4 Average length of stay in days 

Northeast ...................... 8.6 7.8 7.7 5.9 5.7 5.7 - - - - - -

Midwest ....................... 7.7 6.8 6.5 4.8 4.7 4.6 - - - - - - South ......................... 7.0 6.2 6.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 - - - - - -

West ......................... 6.4 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.6 4.7 - - - - - -

- - - Data not available.

1

Comparisons of data from 1980–85 with data from later years should be made with caution as estimates of change may reflect improvements in the design rather than

true changes in hospital use. See Appendix I, National Hospital Discharge Survey.

2

The civilian population estimates used to compute rates for 2000 differ from those used in Health, United States, 2002. Rates for 2000 were computed using Census

2000 counts, while in the previous edition of Health, United States, rates for 2000 were computed using 1990-based postcensal estimates.

3

Rates for 2001 were computed using 2000-based postcensal estimates.

4

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

NOTES: Rates are based on the civilian population as of July 1. Rates for 1990–99 use population estimates based on the 1990 census adjusted for net underenu­

meration using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Rates for 1990–99 are not strictly comparable with rates for 2000

and 2001 because population estimates for 1990–99 have not been revised to reflect Census 2000. See Appendix I, National Hospital Discharge Survey. Estimates of

hospital utilization from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) may differ because NHIS data are based on

household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population, whereas NHDS data are based on hospital discharge records of all persons. See Appendix II, Hospi­

tal utilization. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey.

272 Health, United States, 2003
Table 92 (page 1 of 3). Rates of discharges and days of care in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Days of care 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 20001 20012 1990 20001 20012 

Both sexes Number per 1,000 population 

Total3,4 ................................. 125.2 113.3 115.3 818.9 557.8 563.2 

Male 

All ages3,4 ............................... 113.0 99.1 100.2 805.8 536.0 535.7 

Under 18 years4 ........................... 46.3 40.9 43.8 233.6 195.6 200.7 

Pneumonia .............................. 5.3 5.4 6.2 22.6 17.3 21.2 

Asthma ................................. 3.3 3.5 2.0 9.3 7.4 4.8 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 6.8 5.0 5.2 30.1 21.4 *21.3 

Fracture, all sites......................... 2.2 1.8 1.7 9.3 7.2 6.0 

18–44 years4 ............................. 57.9 45.0 46.2 351.7 217.5 225.9 

Alcohol and drug5 

.......................... 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... 

3.7 

3.4 

4.0 

*5.3 

4.0 33.1 19.1 *20.4 

*6.1 47.1 *43.6 *47.7 

Diseases of heart .......................... 3.0 2.7 2.7 16.3 9.4 10.0 

Intervertebral disc disorders................... 2.6 1.5 1.3 10.7 3.2 3.0 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 13.1 7.3 7.4 65.7 33.2 35.7 

Fracture, all sites......................... 4.0 2.5 2.7 22.7 12.8 12.7 

45–64 years4 ............................. 140.3 112.7 112.2 943.4 570.5 578.0 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 10.6 6.2 6.3 99.1 42.1 48.5 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 2.7 0.9 0.9 19.1 5.2 *8.0 

Diabetes ................................ 2.9 3.7 3.4 21.2 22.5 18.7 

Alcohol and drug5 

.......................... Serious mental illness6 ...................... 3.5 

2.5 

3.5 *4.0 3.7 29.7 15.8 17.1 

4.7 34.8 *34.6 *43.9 

Diseases of heart .......................... 31.7 26.4 24.5 185.0 101.5 98.4 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 22.6 17.7 15.7 128.2 63.8 57.2 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 7.4 5.9 5.5 55.8 27.8 25.3 

Congestive heart failure .................... 3.0 3.3 3.5 19.7 17.2 17.4 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 4.1 3.8 3.3 40.7 19.8 18.5 

Pneumonia .............................. 3.5 3.4 3.4 27.4 20.5 18.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 11.6 8.8 9.8 82.6 49.8 50.0 

Fracture, all sites......................... 3.3 2.5 2.7 24.2 16.2 13.3 

65–74 years4 ............................. 287.8 264.9 260.9 2,251.5 1,489.6 1,473.0 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 27.9 17.6 18.0 277.6 121.2 136.2 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 3.0 3.0 2.8 34.2 27.3 24.0 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 6.4 2.8 2.8 55.7 19.2 23.0 

Prostate ............................... 5.1 3.7 3.4 33.1 14.0 *15.4 

Diabetes ................................ 4.4 4.7 4.9 39.8 29.0 25.1 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... 2.5 *3.4 *2.9 43.8 39.9 * 

Diseases of heart .......................... 69.4 70.6 68.2 487.2 331.9 315.0 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 42.0 39.6 38.6 285.2 171.1 169.7 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 14.0 12.5 12.1 122.4 66.5 69.5 

Congestive heart failure .................... 11.4 13.4 12.9 90.2 76.8 74.7 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 13.8 13.2 13.1 114.8 59.0 62.1 

Pneumonia .............................. 11.4 12.8 13.3 107.8 82.0 75.1 

Hyperplasia of prostate ...................... 14.4 5.4 4.2 65.0 15.0 10.1 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 5.0 9.6 7.8 44.9 46.7 35.1 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 17.6 17.9 17.3 139.0 105.7 127.5 

Fracture, all sites......................... 4.5 4.7 5.0 45.9 29.9 38.5 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 1.5 *2.0 2.0 *18.1 *15.9 *15.6 

75 years and over4 ......................... 478.5 467.8 471.9 4,231.6 2,890.5 2,801.1 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 41.0 21.9 24.8 408.3 165.4 171.7 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 5.4 4.2 4.3 80.7 44.1 38.8 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 5.4 3.0 4.1 53.4 18.3 28.8 

Prostate ............................... 9.7 3.2 *4.3 65.6 *19.4 *18.0 

Diabetes ................................ 4.6 6.5 6.1 51.2 43.2 39.6 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... *2.6 2.9 3.1 *40.5 *32.7 *28.3 

Diseases of heart .......................... 106.2 113.3 115.6 855.7 601.4 584.8 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 49.1 53.0 49.5 398.1 276.3 246.4 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 23.1 23.0 21.1 227.5 136.6 136.3 

Congestive heart failure .................... 31.0 30.6 33.5 242.3 175.6 171.9 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 30.2 30.3 24.9 298.3 171.5 129.4 

Pneumonia .............................. 38.6 37.2 39.5 393.6 233.5 254.5 

Hyperplasia of prostate ...................... 17.9 6.8 7.2 109.2 21.6 *25.2 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 5.8 6.2 8.2 60.7 28.8 36.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 31.2 33.6 31.6 341.3 257.9 206.2 

Fracture, all sites......................... 13.7 14.4 13.7 145.1 *119.3 99.4 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 8.5 8.5 7.9 97.8 63.3 56.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 

276 Health, United States, 2003
Table 92 (page 2 of 3). Rates of discharges and days of care in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Days of care 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 20001 20012 1990 20001 20012 

Female Number per 1,000 population 

All ages3,4 ............................... 139.0 127.8 130.9 840.5 581.2 592.9 

Under 18 years4 ........................... 46.4 39.6 43.0 218.7 161.5 184.3 

Pneumonia .............................. 4.0 4.8 5.0 17.4 17.2 17.1 

Asthma ................................. 2.2 2.4 1.3 6.8 5.5 2.8 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 4.3 3.1 3.4 16.7 *12.0 12.1 

Fracture, all sites......................... 1.3 0.9 0.8 6.4 2.3 2.5 

18–44 years4 ............................. 146.8 124.9 129.1 582.0 401.3 421.5 

Delivery................................. 

Alcohol and drug5 

.......................... 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... 

69.9 

1.6 

3.7 

64.6 

*2.1 *5.4 

66.3 195.0 160.3 

2.0 14.1 *10.8 

6.1 54.3 *41.1 

167.0 

*10.4 

45.4 

Diseases of heart .......................... 1.3 1.7 1.8 7.2 6.3 6.3 

Intervertebral disc disorders................... 1.5 1.0 1.0 7.3 2.4 2.7 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 6.7 4.3 4.8 36.6 18.1 18.7 

Fracture, all sites......................... 1.6 1.0 1.1 10.7 4.5 4.8 

45–64 years4 ............................. 131.0 110.2 111.9 886.5 533.7 551.6 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 12.7 6.1 6.1 107.4 34.7 37.6 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 1.7 0.5 0.8 14.8 3.4 5.2 

Breast ................................ 2.8 1.3 1.2 12.1 2.6 3.0 

Diabetes ................................ 2.9 2.9 2.8 25.8 15.0 12.8 

Alcohol and drug5 

.......................... Serious mental illness6 ...................... 1.0 

4.0 

1.5 

4.6 

1.5 8.0 *7.1 

5.6 60.5 42.7 

*7.0 

58.1 

Diseases of heart .......................... 16.6 14.6 15.0 101.1 59.5 64.5 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 9.9 7.8 8.2 57.4 29.5 32.5 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 2.8 2.0 2.6 21.6 10.0 14.6 

Congestive heart failure .................... 2.1 2.9 2.8 15.8 13.6 14.3 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 3.0 3.5 3.1 32.1 19.5 14.9 

Pneumonia .............................. 3.4 3.6 3.4 26.5 20.8 18.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 9.4 7.7 8.5 63.3 41.2 45.9 

Fracture, all sites......................... 3.1 2.7 2.5 25.0 13.3 11.5 

65–74 years4 ............................. 241.1 246.1 252.3 1,959.3 1,397.1 1,431.5 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 20.9 14.1 14.7 189.8 101.0 106.7 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 2.4 1.7 2.1 34.9 15.2 19.0 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 2.6 2.4 2.3 26.9 *17.5 16.5 

Breast ................................ 3.9 2.8 2.2 17.6 * 5.4 

Diabetes ................................ 5.8 4.6 5.9 46.8 26.1 36.4 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... 3.9 4.0 4.7 62.8 46.3 60.1 

Diseases of heart .......................... 45.1 52.1 48.8 316.9 256.0 237.9 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 24.4 23.3 22.1 153.8 113.9 108.0 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 7.5 8.0 8.0 58.1 52.8 59.6 

Congestive heart failure .................... 9.2 12.7 11.1 81.8 68.4 63.1 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 11.3 12.3 11.7 96.0 59.4 61.8 

Pneumonia .............................. 8.7 11.7 11.5 81.8 73.5 74.7 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 6.9 9.3 10.0 68.9 43.6 46.6 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 17.8 18.3 18.9 166.2 109.9 117.9 

Fracture, all sites......................... 8.4 7.7 7.9 97.3 43.8 41.9 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 3.6 3.2 3.4 *59.6 21.1 20.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 277 
Table 92 (page 3 of 3). Rates of discharges and days of care in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Days of care 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 20001 20012 1990 20001 20012 

Female—Con. Number per 1,000 population 

75 years and over4 ......................... 409.6 459.0 455.2 3,887.1 2,832.3 2,694.5 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 22.1 17.6 18.0 257.3 125.7 136.2 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 4.6 3.4 3.2 69.8 28.4 29.6 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 2.1 1.9 1.8 20.6 14.0 13.8 

Breast ................................ 3.9 2.5 2.6 22.0 *8.9 *9.5 

Diabetes ................................ 4.6 6.3 6.3 55.3 34.0 32.8 

Serious mental illness6 ...................... 4.2 4.7 4.2 78.4 49.3 45.7 

Diseases of heart .......................... 84.6 99.1 94.4 672.8 523.7 476.7 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 33.7 35.5 34.0 253.2 185.6 160.0 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 13.1 16.5 16.9 125.9 110.7 101.6 

Congestive heart failure .................... 28.0 32.2 31.4 236.6 181.8 175.2 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 29.6 27.6 28.2 302.0 156.9 146.9 

Pneumonia .............................. 23.9 30.5 26.7 260.1 209.8 180.8 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 5.3 8.7 10.0 54.1 40.4 44.0 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 46.3 44.7 47.1 489.2 275.6 284.9 

Fracture, all sites......................... 31.5 30.0 30.1 352.7 190.1 179.9 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 18.8 17.9 17.8 236.3 125.3 113.8 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

1

The civilian population estimates used to compute rates for 2000 differ from those used in Health, United States, 2002. Rates for 2000 were computed using Census

2000 counts, while in the previous edition of Health, United States, rates for 2000 were computed using 1990-based postcensal estimates.

2

Rates for 2001 were computed using 2000-based postcensal estimates.

3

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

4

Includes discharges with first-listed diagnoses not shown in table.

5

Includes abuse, dependence, and withdrawal. These estimates are for non-Federal short-stay hospitals and do not include alcohol and drug discharges from other

types of facilities or programs such as the Department of Veterans Affairs or day treatment programs.

6

These estimates are for non-Federal short-stay hospitals and do not include serious mental illness discharges from other types of facilities or programs such as the

Department of Veterans Af fairs or long-term hospitals.

NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Rates are based on the civilian population as of July 1. Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of the code numbers, see Appendix II, table IX. Rates for 1990–99 use population estimates based on the 

1990 census adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Rates for 1990–99 are not 

strictly comparable with rates for 2000 and 2001 because population estimates for 1990–99 have not been revised to reflect Census 2000. See Appendix I, National 

Hospital Discharge Survey. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey. 

278 Health, United States, 2003
Table 93 (page 1 of 3). Discharges and average length of stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Average length of stay 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 

Both sexes Number in thousands Number of days 

Total1,2 ................................. 30,788 31,706 32,653 6.5 4.9 4.9 

Male 

All ages1,2 ............................... 12,280 12,514 12,852 7.1 5.4 5.3 

Under 18 years2 ........................... 1,572 1,515 1,629 5.0 4.8 4.6 

Pneumonia .............................. 178 199 229 4.3 3.2 3.4 

Asthma ................................. 111 129 76 2.8 2.1 2.3 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 232 185 192 4.4 4.3 *4.1 

Fracture, all sites......................... 76 68 63 4.2 3.9 3.5 

18–44 years2 ............................. 3,120 2,498 2,573 6.1 4.8 4.9 

Alcohol and drug3 

.......................... 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 

201 224 225 

184 *296 *338 

8.9 

13.8 

4.7 

*8.2 

*5.1 

*7.9 

Diseases of heart .......................... 163 148 150 5.4 3.5 3.7 

Intervertebral disc disorders................... 138 81 74 4.2 2.2 2.2 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 704 408 412 5.0 4.5 4.8 

Fracture, all sites......................... 217 141 148 5.6 5.0 4.8 

45–64 years2 ............................. 3,115 3,424 3,519 6.7 5.1 5.2 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 235 188 199 9.4 6.8 7.7 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 60 26 28 7.1 6.0 *8.8 

Diabetes ................................ 65 114 107 7.3 6.0 5.5 

Alcohol and drug3 

.......................... Serious mental illness4 ...................... 77 106 115 

56 *120 148 

8.5 

13.7 

4.5 *8.8 4.7 *9.3 

Diseases of heart .......................... 704 802 768 5.8 3.8 4.0 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 502 539 492 5.7 3.6 3.6 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 165 178 172 7.5 4.7 4.6 

Congestive heart failure .................... 66 101 110 6.7 5.2 5.0 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 91 116 102 10.0 5.2 5.7 

Pneumonia .............................. 77 104 108 7.9 6.0 5.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 257 266 307 7.2 5.7 5.1 

Fracture, all sites......................... 74 77 85 7.2 6.4 4.9 

65–74 years2 ............................. 2,268 2,199 2,165 7.8 5.6 5.6 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 220 146 149 9.9 6.9 7.6 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 24 24 23 11.4 9.2 8.7 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 50 23 23 8.7 6.8 8.4 

Prostate ............................... 40 31 28 6.5 3.8 *4.6 

Diabetes ................................ 34 39 41 9.1 6.2 5.1 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 20 *28 *24 17.4 *11.7 * 

Diseases of heart .......................... 547 586 566 7.0 4.7 4.6 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 331 329 320 6.8 4.3 4.4 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 110 104 100 8.8 5.3 5.8 

Congestive heart failure .................... 90 112 107 7.9 5.7 5.8 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 108 109 109 8.3 4.5 4.7 

Pneumonia .............................. 90 106 111 9.5 6.4 5.6 

Hyperplasia of prostate ...................... 113 45 35 4.5 2.8 2.4 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 39 80 65 9.0 4.9 4.5 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 139 149 143 7.9 5.9 7.4 

Fracture, all sites......................... 36 39 41 10.2 6.4 7.8 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 12 *17 17 *11.8 *7.9 *7.8 

75 years and over2 ......................... 2,203 2,878 2,966 8.8 6.2 5.9 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 189 135 156 10.0 7.6 6.9 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 25 26 27 15.0 10.6 9.1 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 25 18 26 10.0 6.1 7.1 

Prostate ............................... 45 20 *27 6.8 *6.1 *4.2 

Diabetes ................................ 21 40 38 11.0 6.6 6.5 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... *12 18 19 *15.5 *11.2 *9.1 

Diseases of heart .......................... 489 697 727 8.1 5.3 5.1 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 226 326 311 8.1 5.2 5.0 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 106 141 133 9.9 5.9 6.4 

Congestive heart failure .................... 143 188 210 7.8 5.7 5.1 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 139 186 157 9.9 5.7 5.2 

Pneumonia .............................. 178 229 248 10.2 6.3 6.4 

Hyperplasia of prostate ...................... 82 42 45 6.1 3.2 *3.5 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 27 38 52 10.5 4.6 4.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 144 207 199 10.9 7.7 6.5 

Fracture, all sites......................... 63 89 86 10.6 *8.3 7.3 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 39 52 50 11.5 7.5 7.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 279 
Table 93 (page 2 of 3). Discharges and average length of stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Average length of stay 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 

Female Number in thousands Number of days 

All ages1,2 ............................... 18,508 19,192 19,801 6.0 4.5 4.5 

Under 18 years2 ........................... 1,500 1,397 1,523 4.7 4.1 4.3 

Pneumonia .............................. 129 168 176 4.4 3.6 3.5 

Asthma ................................. 71 85 45 3.1 2.3 2.2 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 138 111 120 3.9 *3.8 3.6 

Fracture, all sites......................... 42 32 30 5.0 2.5 2.9 

18–44 years2 ............................. 8,018 6,941 7,178 4.0 3.2 3.3 

Delivery................................. 

Alcohol and drug3 

.......................... 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 

3,815 3,588 3,685 

85 *116 112 

200 *300 338 

2.8 

9.1 

14.8 

2.5 

*5.2 *7.6 

2.5 

*5.2 

7.5 

Diseases of heart .......................... 73 95 99 5.4 3.7 3.5 

Intervertebral disc disorders................... 84 58 55 4.7 2.3 2.7 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 366 237 267 5.5 4.2 3.9 

Fracture, all sites......................... 85 57 62 6.9 4.4 4.3 

45–64 years2 ............................. 3,129 3,534 3,705 6.8 4.8 4.9 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 303 195 203 8.5 5.7 6.1 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 41 17 28 8.6 6.4 6.2 

Breast ................................ 67 40 40 4.3 2.1 2.5 

Diabetes ................................ 70 93 94 8.9 5.2 4.5 

Alcohol and drug3 

.......................... 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 

23 47 51 

95 146 184 

8.2 

15.2 

*4.8 

9.4 

*4.5 

10.4 

Diseases of heart .......................... 397 470 497 6.1 4.1 4.3 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 237 251 272 5.8 3.8 4.0 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 68 64 86 7.6 5.0 5.6 

Congestive heart failure .................... 51 94 91 7.4 4.6 5.2 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 72 113 102 10.7 5.5 4.9 

Pneumonia .............................. 80 117 113 7.9 5.7 5.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 225 248 280 6.7 5.3 5.4 

Fracture, all sites......................... 75 87 83 7.9 4.9 4.6 

65–74 years2 ............................. 2,421 2,479 2,527 8.1 5.7 5.7 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 210 142 147 9.1 7.2 7.3 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 24 17 21 14.5 9.0 8.9 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 26 25 23 10.2 *7.1 7.2 

Breast ................................ 40 29 22 4.5 * 2.4 

Diabetes ................................ 59 47 59 8.0 5.6 6.1 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 39 40 47 16.3 11.7 12.8 

Diseases of heart .......................... 453 525 489 7.0 4.9 4.9 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 245 235 222 6.3 4.9 4.9 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 75 81 80 7.8 6.6 7.4 

Congestive heart failure .................... 92 128 111 8.9 5.4 5.7 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 114 124 118 8.5 4.8 5.3 

Pneumonia .............................. 87 117 115 9.4 6.3 6.5 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 69 94 100 10.0 4.7 4.7 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 179 185 189 9.3 6.0 6.2 

Fracture, all sites......................... 85 77 79 11.5 5.7 5.3 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 36 32 34 *16.7 6.7 5.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

280 Health, United States, 2003
Table 93 (page 3 of 3). Discharges and average length of stay in non-Federal short-stay hospitals, according 

to sex, age, and selected first-listed diagnoses: United States, selected years 1990–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of hospital records] 

Discharges Average length of stay 

Sex, age, and first-listed diagnosis 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 

Female—Con. Number in thousands Number of days 

75 years and over2 ......................... 3,440 4,840 4,867 9.5 6.2 5.9 

Malignant neoplasms ....................... 185 186 192 11.7 7.1 7.6 

Large intestine and rectum .................. 39 36 34 15.1 8.4 9.3 

Trachea, bronchus, lung ................... 18 20 19 9.9 7.3 7.7 

Breast ................................ 33 27 28 5.7 *3.5 *3.7 

Diabetes ................................ 39 67 67 11.9 5.4 5.2 

Serious mental illness4 ...................... 35 49 45 18.7 10.5 10.9 

Diseases of heart .......................... 711 1,045 1,010 8.0 5.3 5.0 

Ischemic heart disease .................... 283 375 363 7.5 5.2 4.7 

Acute myocardial infarction ................ 110 174 181 9.6 6.7 6.0 

Congestive heart failure .................... 235 339 336 8.5 5.6 5.6 

Cerebrovascular diseases .................... 249 292 301 10.2 5.7 5.2 

Pneumonia .............................. 201 322 286 10.9 6.9 6.8 

Osteoarthritis ............................. 45 91 107 10.2 4.7 4.4 

Injuries and poisoning ....................... 389 472 503 10.6 6.2 6.1 

Fracture, all sites......................... 265 316 322 11.2 6.3 6.0 

Fracture of neck of femur (hip) ............. 158 189 190 12.5 7.0 6.4 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error (RSE) of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a RSE of greater

than 30 percent.

1

Average length of stay estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64

years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

2

Includes discharges with first-listed diagnoses not shown in table.

3

Includes abuse, dependence, and withdrawal. These estimates are for non-Federal short-stay hospitals and do not include alcohol and drug discharges from other

types of facilities or programs such as the Department of Veterans Affairs or day treatment programs.

4

These estimates are for non-Federal short-stay hospitals and do not include serious mental illness discharges from other types of facilities or programs such as the

Department of Veterans Af fairs or long-term hospitals.

NOTES: Excludes newborn infants. Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of 

the code numbers, see Appendix II, table IX. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey. 

Health, United States, 2003 281 
Table 94 (page 1 of 3). Ambulatory and inpatient procedures according to place, sex, age, and 

type of procedure: United States, selected years 1994–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of inpatient and ambulatory surgery records] 

Ambulatory1 Inpatient 2 

Sex, age, and procedure category 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1999 20003 20014 

Both sexes Procedures per 1,000 population 

Total5,6......................................... 107.9 113.6 120.1 157.9 152.7 153.3 151.5 142.8 144.9 

Male 

All ages5,6 ...................................... 102.5 107.9 115.0 139.1 135.1 136.1 133.4 124.1 124.9 

Under 18 years6 .................................. 45.6 43.0 44.7 36.0 37.4 36.3 37.6 34.7 39.9 

Myringotomy with insertion of tube ..................... 9.1 8.5 8.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 *0.2 0.3 *0.2 

Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy ............. 3.6 4.1 3.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 *0.2 *0.2 0.3 

Reduction of fracture ............................... 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 

18–44 years6 .................................... 58.4 61.3 63.7 62.7 59.5 58.1 52.5 49.2 50.0 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. 0.5 *0.3 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 5.2 5.2 5.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 

Cholecystectomy ................................. *0.2 *0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 

Reduction of fracture ............................... 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 

Arthroscopy of the knee ............................ 3.5 4.0 3.4 0.5 0.3 *0.2 * * * 

Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc .............. * * *0.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 

45–64 years6 .................................... 132.7 146.8 155.9 189.0 180.7 185.9 177.9 165.8 161.5 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ * 

– * - * – 5.6 6.7 

5.6 

7.6 

6.4 

7.2 

7.2 

6.2 

5.7 

5.6 

5.7 

5.1 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. 3.3 3.8 5.4 11.7 11.7 12.7 12.6 11.4 10.0 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 20.2 21.1 21.8 7.2 6.5 6.4 5.8 6.0 6.1 

Cholecystectomy ................................. *0.5 *0.7 1.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 

Prostatectomy ................................... * * * 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 

Reduction of fracture ............................... *0.6 *0.8 0.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 

Arthroscopy of the knee ............................ 3.7 4.5 4.4 *0.3 * * * * * 

Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc .............. * * * 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 4.6 5.1 6.4 16.0 15.8 17.7 15.7 14.7 11.9 

65–74 years6 .................................... 271.6 282.5 316.4 426.4 419.5 417.7 417.1 388.6 376.3 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. * * * 10.0 9.4 11.7 12.6 12.2 12.0 

Extraction of lens ................................. 31.6 33.4 36.9 * * * * * * 

Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos) ............... Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ 25.8 

– 

26.0 

-

29.6 

– 

* 

15.4 

* 

18.3 

* 

19.2 

* 

15.9 

* 

13.5 

* 

14.2 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. 5.7 7.1 10.2 22.3 23.6 23.1 24.1 22.4 22.9 

Pacemaker insertion or replacement .................... * * * 5.6 4.8 5.7 5.0 4.4 4.2 

Carotid endarterectomy ............................. * – * 3.3 4.2 3.9 3.1 3.0 2.7 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 42.6 42.8 40.2 18.4 16.5 16.6 17.1 16.6 16.8 

Cholecystectomy ................................. * * * 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.6 

Prostatectomy ................................... * * *1.5 14.2 12.3 10.3 9.1 8.6 7.4 

Reduction of fracture ............................... * * * 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.0 

Total hip replacement .............................. – - – 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7 1.9 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 9.0 9.3 13.5 31.0 30.5 29.7 30.3 28.0 27.6 

75 years and over6 ................................ 339.2 355.1 378.7 584.1 567.2 578.9 593.3 548.1 564.6 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. * – * 6.5 8.2 7.4 10.9 10.3 12.0 

Extraction of lens ................................. 61.7 71.5 71.6 * * * * * * 

Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos) ............... 

Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ 47.9 – 

53.6 

-

55.1 

– 

* 

10.7 

* 

12.5 

* 

11.6 

* 

11.5 

* 

12.4 

* 

11.4 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. *3.8 4.7 7.1 18.1 19.2 19.7 21.4 21.5 22.5 

Pacemaker insertion or replacement .................... * * * 15.4 15.4 16.4 13.9 14.6 20.0 

Carotid endarterectomy ............................. * – - 3.6 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.9 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 43.2 43.4 48.9 35.9 36.4 35.2 33.6 33.0 38.8 

Cholecystectomy ................................. * * * 6.2 5.5 5.8 4.5 4.6 5.9 

Prostatectomy ................................... *2.1 *2.3 *2.2 16.1 15.3 12.3 10.8 10.2 10.7 

Reduction of fracture ............................... * * * 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.4 

Total hip replacement .............................. – - – 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5 1.8 2.3 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. *3.8 5.5 10.3 24.2 24.0 25.9 25.5 27.0 25.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

282 Health, United States, 2003
Table 94 (page 2 of 3). Ambulatory and inpatient procedures according to place, sex, age, and 

type of procedure: United States, selected years 1994–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of inpatient and ambulatory surgery records] 

Ambulatory1 Inpatient 2 

Sex, age, and procedure category 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1999 20003 20014 

Female Procedures per 1,000 population 

All ages5,6 ...................................... 114.2 120.1 126.1 179.2 172.7 173.0 171.5 163.4 167.0 

Under 18 years6 .................................. 35.3 34.3 34.8 40.3 39.0 38.4 38.0 34.6 36.7 

Myringotomy with insertion of tube ..................... 6.7 6.3 5.6 0.4 0.3 *0.3 * *0.2 *0.2 

Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy ............. 4.8 4.4 4.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 *0.2 *0.2 *0.1 

Reduction of fracture ............................... *0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 

18–44 years6 .................................... 94.9 96.9 102.2 203.6 195.4 195.0 185.8 184.0 189.5 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. * *0.2 *0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 6.6 7.4 8.4 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 

Cholecystectomy ................................. 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.2 

Bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes .......... 5.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.8 

Hysterectomy .................................... 

Cesarean section8 ................................ * – 

*0.3 

-

*0.2 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.7 

– 15.0 13.8 14.6 14.7 

5.7 

15.0 

5.9 

17.0 

Repair of current obstetrical laceration .................. * * * 15.7 16.8 18.3 19.4 19.6 20.4 

Reduction of fracture ............................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 

Arthroscopy of the knee ............................ 1.8 2.0 2.0 0.2 *0.1 *0.1 * * * 

Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc .............. * * * 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 

Lumpectomy .................................... 2.5 2.0 2.2 *0.1 *0.1 * * * * 

Mastectomy ..................................... * * * 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 

45–64 years6 .................................... 155.5 165.9 173.2 173.4 162.6 162.2 160.9 147.7 151.7 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. 

Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ * – 

* 

-

* 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.6 

– 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 

2.1 

1.4 

2.1 

1.8 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. 2.2 2.0 2.4 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.1 5.4 5.8 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 22.1 24.3 22.9 6.5 6.2 5.6 5.9 5.4 5.4 

Cholecystectomy ................................. 1.8 2.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.5 

Hysterectomy .................................... * * * 7.2 7.1 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 

Reduction of fracture ............................... *0.7 *0.7 0.8 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.0 

Arthroscopy of the knee ............................ 2.8 3.4 3.5 * * * * * * 

Excision or destruction of intervertebral disc .............. * * * 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 

Lumpectomy .................................... 4.9 5.0 4.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 *0.3 0.4 *0.2 

Mastectomy ..................................... * * *0.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 3.0 2.7 3.3 8.5 8.1 8.4 8.5 7.6 7.5 

65–74 years6 .................................... 254.6 272.5 291.9 328.3 326.1 334.4 340.8 318.8 329.8 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. * * * 4.9 4.6 5.7 6.3 6.3 5.8 

Extraction of lens ................................. 41.8 48.3 47.8 * * * * * * 

Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos) ............... 

Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ 33.5 – 

35.7 

* 

35.9 * * * * 

– 5.1 6.1 6.7 6.5 

* 

5.1 

* 

4.7 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. 3.3 3.6 5.4 12.6 12.4 14.7 15.0 13.5 13.1 

Pacemaker insertion or replacement .................... * * * 4.3 3.9 3.7 5.6 3.8 4.3 

Carotid endarterectomy ............................. – - – 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.0 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 39.0 41.0 45.5 16.1 18.2 14.7 18.2 18.1 18.0 

Cholecystectomy ................................. *1.3 *1.6 2.3 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.2 

Hysterectomy .................................... * * * 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.0 

Reduction of fracture ............................... * * * 4.7 4.4 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.2 

Total hip replacement .............................. – - * 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.8 

Lumpectomy .................................... 4.4 4.7 4.9 * * *0.6 * *0.7 * 

Mastectomy ..................................... * * * 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.0 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 4.8 5.0 6.9 18.0 17.5 20.3 19.9 17.5 17.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 283 
Table 94 (page 3 of 3). Ambulatory and inpatient procedures according to place, sex, age, and 

type of procedure: United States, selected years 1994–2001 

[Data are based on a sample of inpatient and ambulatory surgery records] 

Ambulatory1 Inpatient 2 

Sex, age, and procedure category 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1999 20003 20014 

Female—Con. Procedures per 1,000 population 

75 years and over6 ................................ 274.3 304.6 319.3 476.8 468.0 468.4 503.0 467.4 455.7 

Coronary angioplasty .............................. * * * 4.0 4.2 4.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 

Extraction of lens ................................. 70.6 82.0 82.6 * * * * * * 

Insertion of prosthetic lens (pseudophakos) ............... 

Coronary artery bypass graft7 ........................ 54.5 – 

61.3 

-

61.4 * * * * 

– 3.4 4.1 4.6 5.8 

* 

4.4 

* 

3.8 

Cardiac catheterization ............................. *1.5 *1.8 3.5 10.4 11.3 11.6 14.0 13.5 13.9 

Pacemaker insertion or replacement .................... * * *1.1 11.5 10.1 11.3 10.4 10.3 10.8 

Carotid endarterectomy ............................. – * – 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.3 

Endoscopy of small or large intestine with or without biopsy . . . 34.5 39.3 38.6 36.0 35.0 33.2 38.2 35.8 35.6 

Cholecystectomy ................................. * * *1.2 4.3 5.5 5.0 5.3 4.1 

Hysterectomy .................................... – * * 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 

Reduction of fracture............................... * * * 13.9 14.6 16.9 16.0 14.4 14.4 

Total hip replacement .............................. – * * 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.9 

Lumpectomy .................................... 2.7 2.5 2.9 * *0.7 * * *0.6 * 

Mastectomy ..................................... * * * 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 

Angiocardiography with contrast material................. 2.3 *2.1 5.5 14.5 15.6 15.6 17.8 17.4 18.8 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Rates for inpatient procedures preceded by an asterisk are based on 5,000–8,999 estimated procedures; those based on fewer

than 5,000 are not shown. Rates for ambulatory surgery preceded by an asterisk are based on 10,000–19,999 estimated procedures; those based on fewer than

10,000 are not shown. Estimates that are not shown generally have a relative standard error of more than 30 percent.

– Quantity zero.

1

Data are from the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (conducted from 1994–96) and exclude ambulatory surgery procedures for patients who became inpatients.

See Appendix II, Ambulatory surgery.

2

Inpatient data are from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and exclude newborn infants.

3

The civilian population estimates used to compute rates for 2000 differ from those used in Health, United States, 2002. Rates for 2000 were computed using Census

2000 counts, while in the previous edition of Health, United States, rates for 2000 were computed using 1990-based postcensal estimates.

4

Rates for 2001 were computed using 2000-based postcensal estimates.

5

Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75

years and over. See Appendix II, Age adjustment.

6

Includes procedures not listed in table.

7

Data in the main body of the table are for all-listed coronary artery bypass grafts. Often, more than one coronary bypass procedure is performed during a single opera­

tion. The following table gives additional information based on the number of inpatient discharges with one or more coronary artery bypass grafts.

Sex and age 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20003 20014 

Inpatient discharges 

per 1,000 population 

Male: 

45–64 years.................................... 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.0 

65–74 years.................................... 9.4 11.2 11.5 11.1 9.2 10.0 8.0 8.3 

75 years and over ................................ 7.6 8.9 7.6 6.9 8.1 7.5 7.8 6.8 

Female: 

45–64 years.................................... 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 

65–74 years.................................... 3.3 3.8 4.1 4.5 3.6 4.4 3.3 2.9 

75 years and over ................................ 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.4 

8

Cesarean sections accounted for 22.0 percent of deliveries in 1994, 20.8 percent in 1995, 21.8 percent in 1996, 21.5 percent in 1997, 22.5 percent in 1998, 22.1 percent 

in 1999, 22.9 percent in 2000, and 25.3 percent in 2001. 

NOTES: Data in this table are for up to four procedures for inpatients and up to six procedures for ambulatory surgery patients. See Appendix II, Procedure. Procedure 

categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. For a listing of the code numbers, see Appendix II, table X. 

Rates are based on the civilian population as of July 1. Rates for 1990–99 use population estimates based on the 1990 census adjusted for net underenumeration 

using the 1990 National Population Adjustment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Rates for 1990–99 are not strictly comparable with rates for 2000 and 2001 

because population estimates for 1990–99 have not been revised to reflect Census 2000. See Appendix I, National Hospital Discharge Survey. Data for additional years 

are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey and National Survey of Ambulatory 

Surgery. 

284 Health, United States, 2003

4.9 

3.9 

2.0 
Table 96. Nursing home residents 65 years of age and over, according to age, sex, and race: United States, 

1973–74, 1985, 1995, and 1999 

[Data are based on a sample of nursing home residents] 

Residents Residents per 1,000 population 

Age, sex, and race 1973–74 1985 1995 1999 1973–74 1985 1995 1999 

Age 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 54.0 45.9 43.3 

65 years and over, crude ............. 961,500 1,318,300 1,422,600 1,469,500 44.7 46.2 42.4 42.9 

65–74 years ...................... 163,100 212,100 190,200 194,800 12.3 12.5 10.1 10.8 

75–84 years ...................... 384,900 509,000 511,900 517,600 57.7 57.7 45.9 43.0 

85 years and over .................. 413,600 597,300 720,400 757,100 257.3 220.3 198.6 182.5 

Male 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 38.8 32.8 30.6 

65 years and over, crude ............. 265,700 334,400 356,800 377,800 30.0 29.0 26.1 26.5 

65–74 years ...................... 65,100 80,600 79,300 84,100 11.3 10.8 9.5 10.3 

75–84 years ...................... 102,300 141,300 144,300 149,500 39.9 43.0 33.3 30.8 

85 years and over .................. 98,300 112,600 133,100 144,200 182.7 145.7 130.8 116.5 

Female 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 61.5 52.3 49.8 

65 years and over, crude ............. 695,800 983,900 1,065,800 1,091,700 54.9 57.9 53.7 54.6 

65–74 years ...................... 98,000 131,500 110,900 110,700 13.1 13.8 10.6 11.2 

75–84 years ...................... 282,600 367,700 367,600 368,100 68.9 66.4 53.9 51.2 

85 years and over .................. 315,300 484,700 587,300 612,900 294.9 250.1 224.9 210.5 

White2 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 55.5 45.4 41.9 

65 years and over, crude ............. 920,600 1,227,400 1,271,200 1,279,600 46.9 47.7 42.3 42.1 

65–74 years ...................... 150,100 187,800 154,400 157,200 12.5 12.3 9.3 10.0 

75–84 years ...................... 369,700 473,600 453,800 440,600 60.3 59.1 44.9 40.5 

85 years and over .................. 400,800 566,000 663,000 681,700 270.8 228.7 200.7 181.8 

Black or African American 2 

65 years and over, age adjusted1 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 41.5 50.4 55.6 

65 years and over, crude ............. 37,700 82,000 122,900 145,900 22.0 35.0 45.2 51.1 

65–74 years ...................... 12,200 22,500 29,700 30,300 11.1 15.4 18.4 18.2 

75–84 years ...................... 13,400 30,600 47,300 58,700 26.7 45.3 57.2 66.5 

85 years and over .................. 12,100 29,000 45,800 56,900 105.7 141.5 167.1 183.1 

. . . Category not applicable.

1

Age adjusted by the direct method to the year 2000 population standard using the following three age groups: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over.

2

Beginning in 1999 the instruction for the race item on the Current Resident Questionnaire was changed so that more than one race could be recorded. In previous

years only one racial category could be checked. Estimates for racial groups presented in this table are for residents for whom only one race was recorded. Estimates

for residents where multiple races were checked are unreliable due to small sample sizes and are not shown.

NOTES: Excludes residents in personal care or domiciliary care homes. Age refers to age at time of interview. Civilian population estimates used to compute rates for

the 1990s are 1990-based postcensal estimates, as of July 1. Starting in 1997, population figures are adjusted for net underenumeration using the 1990 National Popu­

lation Adjustment Matrix from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Hing E, Sekscenski E, Strahan G. The National Nursing Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 13(97). 1989; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Nursing Home Survey for other data years.

286 Health, United States, 2003
Table 97. Nursing home residents 65 years of age and over, according to selected functional status 

and age, sex, and race: United States, 1985, 1995, and 1999 

[Data are based on a sample of nursing home residents] 

Functional status1 

Dependent mobility, 

Dependent mobility Incontinent Dependent eating eating, and incontinent

Age, sex, and race 1985 1995 1999 1985 1995 1999 1985 1995 1999 1985 1995 1999 

All persons Percent 

65 years and over, 

age adjusted2 ........... 75.7 79.0 80.3 55.0 63.8 65.7 40.9 44.9 47.3 32.5 36.5 36.9 

65 years and over, crude .... 74.8 79.0 80.4 54.5 63.8 65.7 40.5 44.9 47.4 32.1 36.5 37.0 

65–74 years ............. 61.2 73.0 73.9 42.9 61.9 58.5 33.5 43.8 43.1 25.7 35.8 31.7 

75–84 years ............. 70.5 76.5 77.8 55.1 62.5 64.2 39.4 45.2 46.6 30.6 35.3 35.4 

85 years and over ......... 83.3 82.4 83.8 58.1 65.3 68.6 43.9 45.0 49.0 35.6 37.5 39.4 

Male 

65 years and over, 

age adjusted2 ........... 71.2 76.6 76.6 54.2 63.8 66.6 36.0 42.1 45.2 28.0 34.3 35.0 

65 years and over, crude .... 67.8 75.8 75.9 51.9 63.9 66.0 34.9 42.7 45.1 26.9 34.8 35.0 

65–74 years ............. 55.8 70.6 70.5 38.8 63.4 59.6 32.8 44.2 45.0 24.1 36.9 34.8 

75–84 years ............. 65.7 76.6 76.9 54.4 64.6 68.9 32.6 44.1 44.7 25.5 35.5 35.2 

85 years and over ......... 79.2 78.2 78.1 58.1 63.4 66.8 39.2 40.2 45.7 30.9 32.7 34.9 

Female 

65 years and over, age adjusted2 ........... 77.3 79.7 81.5 55.4 63.6 65.0 42.4 45.6 47.8 33.9 36.9 37.2 

65 years and over, crude .... 77.1 80.1 81.9 55.4 63.8 65.6 42.4 45.6 48.1 33.8 37.0 37.7 

65–74 years ............. 64.5 74.8 76.4 45.4 60.9 57.7 34.0 43.6 41.6 26.7 35.0 29.3 

75–84 years ............. 72.3 76.5 78.2 55.3 61.7 62.2 42.0 45.7 47.4 32.6 35.2 35.6 

85 years and over ......... 84.3 83.3 85.2 58.1 65.7 69.0 45.0 46.0 49.7 36.7 38.6 40.4 

White3 

65 years and over, age adjusted2 ........... 75.2 78.5 79.9 54.6 63.2 64.9 40.4 44.2 46.1 32.1 35.7 35.7 

65 years and over, crude .... 74.3 78.7 80.2 54.2 63.3 65.1 40.1 44.2 46.2 31.7 35.7 35.8 

65–74 years ............. 60.2 71.4 72.6 42.2 60.2 57.1 32.6 41.9 40.7 24.9 33.8 28.8 

75–84 years ............. 69.6 76.4 77.5 54.2 61.8 63.8 38.9 44.9 45.8 30.1 34.7 34.8 

85 years and over ......... 83.1 81.9 83.6 58.2 65.0 67.8 43.5 44.3 47.7 35.5 36.9 38.1 

Black or African American 3 

65 years and over, age adjusted2 ........... 83.4 83.2 82.1 61.0 69.3 71.9 49.2 52.2 55.9 38.2 44.0 46.8 

65 years and over, crude .... 81.1 82.1 81.5 59.9 69.1 70.6 47.9 51.7 54.9 37.7 43.7 45.7 

65–74 years ............. 70.9 79.6 78.7 48.6 68.3 64.6 43.1 51.2 53.3 33.8 43.1 42.6 

75–84 years ............. 82.5 77.8 80.1 70.1 68.9 67.5 47.9 49.5 49.7 40.6 42.3 41.0 

85 years and over ......... 87.4 88.0 84.5 57.9 69.8 77.0 51.7 54.3 61.0 37.6 45.5 52.1 

1

Nursing home residents who are dependent in mobility and eating require the assistance of a person or special equipment. Nursing home residents who are inconti­

nent have difficulty in controlling bowels and/or bladder or have an ostomy or indwelling catheter.

2

Age adjusted by the direct method to the 1995 National Nursing Home Survey population using the following three age groups: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85

years and over.

3

Beginning in 1999 the instruction for the race item on the Current Resident Questionnaire was changed so that more than one race could be recorded. In previous

years only one racial category could be checked. Estimates for racial groups presented in this table are for residents for whom only one race was recorded. Estimates

for residents where multiple races were checked are unreliable due to small sample sizes and are not shown.

NOTES: Age refers to age at time of interview. Excludes residents in personal care or domiciliary care homes. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCES: Hing E, Sekscenski E, Strahan G. The National Nursing Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 13(97). 1989; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Nursing Home Survey for other data years.

Health, United States, 2003 287 
Table 117 (page 1 of 2). Expenditures for health care and prescribed medicine according 

to selected population characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–99 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the noninstitutionalized population and a sample of medical providers] 

Total expenses1 

Mean annual 

expense 

per person 

with expense 

Percent of 

persons with 

expense 

Population 

in millions2 

Characteristic 1997 1998 1999 1987 1997 1998 1999 1987 1997 1998 1999 

All ages .................. 271.3 273.5 276.4 84.5 84.1 83.8 84.3 $1,562 $2,424 $2,444 $2,557 

Under 65 years: 

Total ................... 237.1 239.2 241.7 83.2 82.5 82.2 82.8 $1,216 $1,838 $1,810 $1,939 

Under 6 years ........... 23.8 23.7 23.8 88.9 88.0 87.6 87.9 1,033 858 905 

6–17 years ............. 48.1 48.7 48.8 80.2 81.7 80.6 81.5 681 963 888 1,022 

18–44 years ............ 108.9 108.8 109.0 81.5 78.3 78.0 78.9 1,069 1,666 1,734 1,855 

45–64 years ............ 56.3 58.0 60.1 87.0 89.2 89.2 88.9 2,070 3,226 2,996 3,125 

Sex 

Male ................... 118.0 119.3 120.0 78.8 77.6 77.4 77.8 1,147 1,661 1,665 1,691 

Female ................. 119.1 119.9 121.8 87.5 87.4 87.0 87.7 1,275 1,994 1,938 2,155 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 29.4 30.2 31.2 71.0 69.5 68.9 68.7 970 1,530 1,536 1,508 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 166.2 167.4 168.3 86.9 87.2 87.1 87.5 1,220 1,972 1,877 2,039 

Black or African American . . 31.3 31.6 31.9 72.2 72.1 71.8 72.0 1,471 1,474 1,716 1,837 

Other ................. 10.2 10.0 10.3 72.8 75.8 74.0 81.1 807 1,222 1,555 1,555 

Insurance status3 

Any private insurance ....... 174.0 176.0 183.1 86.5 86.5 86.8 86.8 1,166 1,873 1,769 1,882 

Public insurance only ....... 29.8 31.0 28.6 82.4 83.3 83.7 84.5 1,956 2,234 2,501 2,819 

Uninsured all year ......... 33.3 32.3 30.1 61.8 61.1 55.6 56.4 760 1,098 1,156 1,214 

65 years and over ........... 34.2 34.3 34.7 93.7 95.2 95.2 95.3 $3,858 $5,947 $6,264 $6,299 

Sex 

Male ................... 14.6 14.3 14.6 92.0 94.5 94.2 94.9 3,948 6,683 5,333 6,615 

Female ................. 19.6 20.0 20.1 94.9 95.7 95.9 95.6 3,795 5,405 6,917 6,070 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 1.7 1.8 1.8 82.5 94.2 93.5 94.3 3,674 6,223 5,488 6,518 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 28.8 29.0 29.1 94.9 95.9 95.8 95.9 3,798 5,977 6,250 6,400 

Black or African American . . 2.8 2.9 2.9 88.5 92.2 92.1 92.9 4,650 5,857 6,703 5,584 

Other ................. * * 0.8 * * * * * * * * 

Insurance status4 

Medicare only ............ 8.8 10.4 11.3 85.9 92.1 94.0 93.7 3,039 5,479 6,252 5,752 

Medicare and private 

insurance ............... 21.7 19.5 19.5 95.4 97.0 96.3 97.3 3,817 5,800 5,931 6,133 

Medicare and other public coverage ............... 3.2 3.9 3.4 94.4 93.2 95.0 90.5 5,928 8,382 8,004 9,515 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 313 

995 
Table 117 (page 2 of 2). Expenditures for health care and prescribed medicine according 

to selected population characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–99 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the noninstitutionalized population and a sample of medical providers] 

Prescribed medicine expenses5 

Mean annual 

Percent of out-of-pocket 

persons with expense per person 

expense with expense 

Characteristic 1987 1997 1998 1999 1987 1997 1998 1999 

All ages .................. 57.3 62.1 61.8 62.4 $92 $202 $221 $252 

Under 65 years: 

Total ................... 54.0 58.7 58.1 58.7 $68 $143 155 175 

Under 6 years ........... 61.8 61.3 59.0 58.5 24 35 35 36 

6–17 years ............. 44.3 48.2 46.4 46.2 45 54 60 67 

18–44 years ............ 51.3 55.9 55.6 56.4 53 122 129 146 

45–64 years ............ 65.3 71.8 72.4 73.1 129 266 283 314 

Sex 

Male ................... 46.5 51.5 50.6 51.6 63 127 128 157 

Female ................. 61.4 65.8 65.7 65.7 72 155 175 188 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 41.6 47.7 47.6 45.9 49 95 107 140 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 57.7 63.1 62.9 63.7 71 155 159 184 

Black or African American . . 44.1 50.0 47.7 48.1 60 115 177 158 

Other ................. 41.1 44.8 42.9 48.7 50 124 145 133 

Insurance status3 

Any private insurance ....... 56.5 61.6 61.3 61.8 70 136 135 156 

Public insurance only ....... 56.5 62.0 61.2 61.8 47 141 212 252 

Uninsured all year ......... 35.1 40.2 38.1 37.2 75 206 238 245 

65 years and over ........... 81.6 86.0 87.5 88.0 $212 $483 $531 $614 

Sex 

Male ................... 78.0 82.8 85.8 86.1 197 435 463 531 

Female ................. 84.0 88.3 88.7 89.3 221 516 577 673 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 74.7 87.5 85.6 85.9 *280 394 394 463 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 82.3 86.7 87.8 88.7 216 499 553 633 

Black or African American . . 79.5 85.3 88.0 85.4 166 401 385 554 

Other ................. * * * * * * * * 

Insurance status4 

Medicare only ............ 70.6 82.1 86.8 86.2 234 558 648 733 

Medicare and private 

insurance............... 83.4 88.1 88.4 89.9 220 490 511 592 

Medicare and other public 

coverage ............... 88.2 85.0 86.8 84.4 80 270 303 394 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data not shown are based on fewer than 100 sample cases. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error equal

to or greater than 30 percent.

1

Includes expenses for inpatient hospital and physician services, ambulatory physician and nonphysician services, prescribed medicines, home health services, dental

services, and other medical equipment, supplies, and services that were purchased or rented during the year. Over-the-counter medications, alternative care services,

phone contacts with health providers, and premiums for health insurance are excluded.

2

Includes persons who were in the civilian noninstitutionalized population for all or part of the year. Expenditures for persons who were only in this population for part of

the year are restricted to those incurred during periods of eligibility (e.g., expenses incurred during periods of institutionalization and military service are not included in

estimates).

3

Any private insurance includes individuals with insurance that provided coverage for hospital and physician care at any time during the year, other than Medicare,

Medicaid, or other public coverage for hospital or physician services. Public insurance only includes individuals who were not covered by private insurance at any time

during the year but were covered by Medicare, Medicaid, other public coverage for hospital or physician services, and/or CHAMPUS/CHAMPVA (TRICARE) at any

point during the year. Uninsured includes persons not covered by either private or public insurance throughout the entire year or period of eligibility for the survey.

4

Populations do not add to total because uninsured persons and persons with unknown insurance status were excluded.

5

Includes expenses for all prescribed medications that were purchased or refilled during the survey year.

NOTES: 1987 estimates are based on the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) while 1996–99 estimates are based on the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 

(MEPS). Because expenditures in NMES were based primarily on charges while those for MEPS were based on payments, data for NMES were adjusted to be more 

comparable to MEPS using estimated charge to payment ratios for 1987. Overall, this resulted in an approximate 11 percent reduction from the unadjusted 1987 NMES 

expenditure estimates. For a detailed explanation of this adjustment, see Zuvekas S and Cohen S. A guide to comparing health care estimates in the 1996 Medical 

Expenditure Panel Survey to the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. Inquiry. vol. 39. Spring 2002. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Cost and Financing Studies, 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and 1996–99 Medical 

Expenditure Panel Surveys. 

314 Health, United States, 2003
Table 118 (page 1 of 2). Sources of payment for health care according to selected population 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–99 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the noninstitutionalized population and a sample of medical providers] 

Sources of payment for health care 

Out of 

pocket 

Private 

insurance1 

Characteristic 

All 

sources 1987 1997 1998 1999 1987 1997 1998 1999 

Percent distribution 

All ages .................. 100.0 24.8 19.4 19.3 19.2 36.6 40.3 38.4 39.9 

Under 65 years: 

Total ................... 100.0 26.2 21.1 21.6 20.7 46.6 53.1 52.7 53.9 

Under 6 years ........... 100.0 18.5 14.2 11.4 13.8 39.5 49.3 57.9 45.2 

6–17 years ............. 100.0 35.7 29.0 28.3 27.2 47.3 53.2 55.2 53.4 

18–44 years ............ 100.0 27.4 21.1 21.8 19.5 46.8 52.9 51.1 55.7 

45–64 years ............ 100.0 24.0 20.1 21.1 21.3 47.8 53.6 52.9 53.4 

Sex 

Male ................... 100.0 24.5 21.3 20.4 20.5 44.6 50.3 50.8 51.8 

Female ................. 100.0 27.5 21.0 22.5 20.9 48.1 55.1 54.1 55.3 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 100.0 22.0 18.8 17.9 19.3 36.1 42.3 39.7 44.2 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 100.0 28.2 21.8 23.0 22.1 50.1 55.8 56.7 56.9 

Black or African American . . 100.0 15.5 17.1 15.8 13.2 30.0 42.3 34.0 43.8 

Other ................. 100.0 27.2 21.2 18.4 16.9 46.7 45.2 55.0 40.2 

Insurance status 

Any private insurance2 ...... 

Public insurance only3 

....... Uninsured all year4 ......... 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

29.0 

8.9 

40.6 

21.6 

10.6 

41.3 

22.2 21.4 

10.7 10.3 

47.7 45.7 

60.0 

. . . 

. . . 

67.6 

. . . 

. . . 

69.1 

. . . 

. . . 

69.7 

. . . 

. . . 

65 years and over ........... 100.0 22.0 16.3 15.3 16.4 15.8 16.5 13.5 13.9 

Sex 

Male ................... 100.0 21.7 14.2 15.8 14.0 17.6 20.1 17.2 13.7 

Female ................. 100.0 22.2 18.1 15.0 18.3 14.4 13.2 11.5 14.1 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 100.0 *13.5 13.6 11.2 10.1 *4.7 5.9 5.8 *10.8 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 100.0 23.7 17.0 16.3 17.0 16.7 17.9 14.6 14.4 

Black or African American . . 100.0 11.2 11.4 8.9 13.5 *11.9 8.8 6.0 10.9 

Other ................. 100.0 * * * * * * * * 

Insurance status 

Medicare only ............ 100.0 29.8 19.8 17.1 19.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Medicare and private 

insurance ............... 100.0 23.4 17.3 16.8 17.4 18.9 25.7 23.5 23.9 

Medicare and other public 

coverage ............... 100.0 *6.2 5.2 5.6 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 315 
Table 118 (page 2 of 2). Sources of payment for health care according to selected population 

characteristics: United States, selected years 1987–99 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the noninstitutionalized population and a sample of medical providers] 

Sources of payment for health care 

Public coverage5 Other6 

Characteristic 1987 1997 1998 1999 1987 1997 1998 1999 

Percent distribution 

All ages .................. 34.1 34.4 36.5 35.7 4.5 5.9 5.9 5.1 

Under 65 years: 

Total ................... 21.3 18.1 18.6 19.2 6.0 7.7 7.1 6.2 

Under 6 years ........... 35.8 25.4 24.9 31.1 6.2 11.2 5.8 *9.9 

6–17 years ............. 11.8 14.1 12.8 14.7 5.2 3.7 3.6 4.7 

18–44 years ............ 19.4 15.7 17.3 18.1 6.4 10.3 9.7 6.7 

45–64 years ............ 22.4 20.3 20.3 19.8 5.8 6.0 5.6 5.6 

Sex 

Male ................... 23.9 19.5 18.7 19.8 7.1 8.9 10.1 7.9 

Female ................. 19.2 17.0 18.5 18.8 5.2 6.8 4.9 5.0 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 35.8 28.9 29.3 26.6 6.0 10.0 13.1 9.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 15.9 15.3 13.9 15.0 5.8 7.1 6.3 5.9 

Black or African American . . 47.2 30.7 41.1 37.4 7.3 9.9 9.0 5.7 

Other ................. 21.0 23.7 23.4 *37.5 5.1 9.9 3.1 *5.4 

Insurance status 

Any private insurance2 ...... 

Public insurance only3 

....... Uninsured all year4 ......... 

6.2 

87.2 

28.6 

6.6 

80.7 

7.5 

5.0 

79.0 

6.7 

5.1 4.8 

82.1 3.9 

*16.1 30.9 

4.2 

8.7 

51.1 

3.6 

*10.3 

45.6 

3.8 

7.6 

38.2 

65 years and over ........... 60.8 64.8 67.6 66.6 1.5 2.5 3.6 3.1 

Sex 

Male ................... 58.8 63.4 62.8 69.4 *1.9 2.3 4.1 2.8 

Female ................. 62.3 65.9 70.2 64.3 1.1 2.7 3.3 *3.3 

Hispanic origin and race 

Hispanic or Latino ......... 80.2 77.8 81.2 76.5 *1.6 *2.7 *1.9 *2.7 

Not Hispanic or Latino: 

White ................. 58.0 62.6 65.6 65.3 1.6 2.5 3.5 3.3 

Black or African American . . 76.3 77.6 79.8 73.5 0.6 2.2 5.3 2.1 

Other ................. * * * * * * * * 

Insurance status 

Medicare only ............ 68.8 72.4 73.9 73.0 1.4 7.7 9.0 7.4 

Medicare and private 

insurance ............... 56.1 56.3 58.8 57.5 1.6 0.6 0.9 *1.1 

Medicare and other public 

coverage ............... 92.9 92.7 92.0 92.2 1.0 *2.1 *2.4 *2.4 

. . . Category not applicable. 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data not shown are based on fewer than 100 sample cases. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error equal

to or greater than 30 percent.

1

Private insurance—Includes any type of private insurance payments reported for people with private health insurance coverage during the year.

2

Includes individuals with insurance that provided coverage for hospital and physician care at any time during the year, other than Medicare, Medicaid, or other public

coverage for hospital or physician services.

3

Includes individuals who were not covered by private insurance at any time during the year but were covered by Medicare, Medicaid, other public coverage for hospital

or physician services, and/or CHAMPUS/CHAMPVA (TRICARE) at any point during the year.

4

Includes individuals not covered by either private or public insurance throughout the entire year or period of eligibility for the survey. However, a portion of expenses

for the uninsured were paid by sources that were not defined as health insurance coverage such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, community and neighborhood

clinics, the Indian Health Service, State and local health departments, State programs other than Medicaid, Workers’ Compensation, and other unclassified sources

(e.g., automobile, homeowner’s, liability insurance).

5

Public coverage—Includes payments made by Medicare, Medicaid, the Department of Veterans Af fairs, other Federal sources (e.g., Indian Health Service, military

treatment facilities, and other care provided by the Federal Government), and various State and local sources (e.g., community and neighborhood clinics, State and

local health departments, and State programs other than Medicaid).

6

Other sources—Includes Workers’ Compensation, unclassified sources (automobile, homeowner’s, or liability insurance, and other miscellaneous or unknown sources),

Medicaid payments reported for people who were not enrolled in the program at any time during the year, and any type of private insurance payments reported for

people without private health insurance coverage during the year as defined in the survey.

NOTES: 1987 estimates are based on the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) while 1996–99 estimates are based on the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 

(MEPS). Because expenditures in NMES were based primarily on charges while those for MEPS were based on payments, data for NMES were adjusted to be more 

comparable to MEPS using estimated charge to payment ratios for 1987. Overall, this resulted in an approximate 11 percent reduction from the unadjusted 1987 NMES 

expenditure estimates. For a detailed explanation of this adjustment, see Zuvekas S and Cohen S. A guide to comparing health care estimates in the 1996 Medical 

Expenditure Panel Survey to the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. Inquiry. vol. 39. Spring 2002. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Cost and Financing Studies, 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and 1996–99 Medical 

Expenditure Panel Surveys. 

316 Health, United States, 2003
Table 119. Health care expenses paid out of pocket for persons with medical expenses by age: 

United States 1987, 1998, and 1999 

[Data are based on household interviews for a sample of the noninstitutionalized population and a sample of medical providers] 

Percent of Amount paid out of pocket for persons with expense1 

persons with 

Age and year expense Total $0 $1–124 $125–249 $250–499 $500–999 $1,000+ 

All ages Percent distribution 

1987 ....................... 84.5 100.0 10.4 29.2 16.6 17.4 13.3 13.1 

1998 ....................... 83.8 100.0 7.7 36.5 15.8 16.1 12.2 11.8 

1999 ....................... 84.3 100.0 7.4 35.9 15.5 15.6 12.8 12.7 

Under 6 years 

1987 ....................... 88.9 100.0 19.2 38.7 18.9 14.7 5.3 3.2 

1998 ....................... 87.6 100.0 17.4 60.1 12.4 6.8 2.3 0.9 

1999 ....................... 87.9 100.0 17.7 60.5 12.2 5.9 2.6 1.1 

6–17 years 

1987 ....................... 80.2 100.0 15.5 37.9 18.2 12.4 8.5 7.6 

1998 ....................... 80.6 100.0 16.3 47.0 15.0 11.1 5.6 5.1 

1999 ....................... 81.5 100.0 15.0 46.6 15.4 11.2 6.0 5.8 

18–44 years 

1987 ....................... 81.5 100.0 10.1 32.3 17.7 18.2 11.9 9.8 

1998 ....................... 78.0 100.0 6.4 40.2 17.9 17.0 10.7 7.7 

1999 ....................... 78.9 100.0 6.4 40.2 17.6 16.6 11.1 8.1 

45–64 years 

1987 ....................... 87.0 100.0 5.7 20.4 15.6 20.7 18.8 18.8 

1998 ....................... 89.2 100.0 2.9 25.6 16.2 20.1 17.7 17.5 

1999 ....................... 88.9 100.0 2.7 24.0 16.4 19.7 19.0 18.2 

65–74 years 

1987 ....................... 92.8 100.0 5.3 15.4 11.6 18.5 22.1 27.1 

1998 ....................... 94.3 100.0 2.0 17.8 13.3 20.7 20.6 25.6 

1999 ....................... 95.3 100.0 1.4 16.1 11.3 17.9 23.7 29.6 

75 years or more 

1987 ....................... 95.1 100.0 5.6 12.9 10.0 17.1 21.2 33.2 

1998 ....................... 96.3 100.0 3.0 14.3 11.6 17.7 22.2 31.3 

1999 ....................... 95.3 100.0 2.6 14.5 10.2 18.6 20.2 33.8 

1

1987 dollars were converted to 1998 dollars using the national Consumer Price Index (CPI). 

NOTES: Out-of-pocket expenses include inpatient hospital and physician services, ambulatory physician and nonphysician services, prescribed medicines, home health 

services, dental services, and various other medical equipment, supplies, and services that were purchased or rented during the year. Out-of-pocket expenses for overthe-counter medications, alternative care services, phone contacts with health providers, and premiums for health insurance policies are not contained in these estimates. 1987 estimates are based on the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) while estimates for other years are based on the Medical Expenditure Panel 

Survey (MEPS). Because expenditures in NMES were based primarily on charges while those for MEPS were based on payments, data for the NMES were adjusted to 

be more comparable to MEPS using estimated charge to payment ratios for 1987. Overall this resulted in an approximate 11 percent reduction from the unadjusted 

1987 NMES expenditure estimates. For a detailed explanation of this adjustment, see Zuvekas S and Cohen S. A guide to comparing health care estimates in the 1996 

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. Inquiry. vol 39. Spring 2002. 

SOURCES: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Cost and Financing Studies. 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and 1998 and 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. 

Health, United States, 2003 317 
Table 123. Nursing home average monthly charges per resident and percent of residents, according to 

selected facility and resident characteristics: United States, 1977, 1985, 1995, 1997, and 1999 

[Data are based on reporting by a sample of nursing homes] 

Average monthly charge1 Percent of residents 

Facility and resident 

characteristic 1977 1985 1995 1997 1999 1977 1985 1995 1997 1999 

Facility characteristic 

All facilities .................... $689 $1,456 $3,135 $3,609 $ 3,891 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Ownership: 

Proprietary .................. 670 1,379 3,047 3,508 3,698 68.2 68.7 63.6 65.5 64.4 

Nonprofit and government ....... 732 1,624 3,288 3,792 4,225 31.8 31.3 36.4 34.5 35.6 

Certification: 

Both Medicare and Medicaid...... - - - - - - 3,317 3,765 4,060 - - - - - - 78.4 84.9 86.9 

Medicare only ................ - - - - - - 4,211 4,221 4,437 - - - - - - 3.0 2.9 2.3 

Medicaid only ................ - - - - - - 2,169 2,436 2,508 - - - - - - 15.8 9.7 

Neither ..................... - - - - - - 2,323 2,422 *2,360 - - - - - - 2.8 2.4 *2.0 

Bed size: 

Less than 50 beds ............. 546 1,036 4,978 3,521 3,808 12.9 8.9 4.5 3.9 3.6 

50–99 beds.................. 643 1,335 2,691 3,178 3,627 30.5 27.6 24.9 24.7 25.5 

100–199 beds ................ 706 1,478 3,028 3,592 3,867 38.8 43.2 51.1 51.9 50.8 

200 beds or more ............. 837 1,759 3,560 4,211 4,281 17.9 20.2 19.5 19.5 20.1 

Geographic region: 

Northeast ................... 918 1,781 3,904 4,589 4,852 22.4 23.6 22.8 23.3 23.5 

Midwest .................... 640 1,399 2,740 3,203 3,474 34.5 32.5 32.3 31.0 30.6 

South ...................... 585 1,256 2,752 3,225 3,263 27.2 29.4 32.0 32.6 32.6 

West ...................... 653 1,458 3,710 3,791 4,725 15.9 14.5 12.9 13.1 13.2 

Resident characteristic 

All residents ................... 689 1,456 3,135 3,609 3,891 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Age: 

Under 65 years ............... 585 1,379 3,662 3,760 4,158 13.6 11.6 8.0 8.5 9.7 

65–74 years ................. 669 1,372 3,409 3,877 4,134 16.2 14.2 12.0 12.8 12.0 

75–84 years ................. 710 1,468 3,138 3,595 3,960 35.7 34.1 32.5 32.8 31.8 

85 years and over ............. 719 1,497 2,974 3,521 3,731 34.5 40.0 47.5 45.9 46.5 

Sex: 

Male....................... 652 1,438 3,345 3,758 4,043 28.8 28.4 26.6 27.8 28.1 

Female ..................... 705 1,463 3,059 3,553 3,833 71.2 71.6 73.4 72.2 71.9 

- - - Data not available. 

* Starting in 1997 data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent and are considered unreliable. 1

Includes life-care residents and no-charge residents. 

NOTE: Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Van Nostrand JF, Zappolo A, Hing E, et al. The National Nursing Home Survey, 1977 summary for the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 13(43). 1979; Hing E, Sekscenski E, Strahan G. The National Nursing Home Survey: 1985 summary for the United States. National Center for Health 

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 13(97). 1989; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Nursing Home Survey for other 

data years. 

322 Health, United States, 2003

8.8 
Table 130 (page 1 of 4). Health insurance coverage for persons 65 years of age and over, according to type of 

coverage and selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1989–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Private insurance1 Private insurance obtained through workplace1,2 

Characteristic 1989 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 1989 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Number in millions 

Total3 ...................... 22.4 23.5 21.5 20.8 20.6 20.6 11.2 12.4 12.0 11.3 11.7 11.9 

Percent of population 

Total, age adjusted3,4 ........... 

Total, crude3 ................. 

76.1 

76.5 

74.5 

74.6 

66.7 

66.7 

64.0 

64.1 

63.1 

63.1 

62.7 37.3 38.9 

62.7 38.4 39.5 

37.1 

37.3 

34.6 

34.9 

35.6 

35.8 

36.0 

36.1 

Age 

65–74 years.................. 78.2 75.1 66.6 64.5 62.7 63.0 43.7 43.3 40.4 38.6 39.4 39.7 

75 years and over ............. 73.9 73.9 66.8 63.5 63.6 62.4 30.2 34.1 33.5 30.3 31.4 31.9 

75–84 years ................ 75.9 75.7 68.1 64.6 64.6 63.9 32.0 36.0 35.7 32.3 33.1 33.3 

85 years and over ............ 65.5 67.3 61.8 59.6 59.5 57.0 22.8 27.3 25.3 23.2 24.7 26.7 

Sex4 

Male ....................... 77.4 76.6 68.5 64.5 64.3 63.8 42.1 43.3 41.4 38.6 39.7 40.1 

Female ..................... 75.4 73.2 65.5 63.8 62.2 61.9 34.0 35.8 34.0 31.8 32.5 33.0 

Race4,5 

White only ................... 79.8 78.3 70.3 67.6 66.9 66.4 38.7 40.4 38.5 35.8 37.2 37.4 

Black or African American only..... 42.3 40.3 40.3 39.9 35.6 37.6 23.7 24.6 27.4 27.5 25.0 27.9 

American Indian and Alaska 

Native only.................. * * *37.9 *35.2 * *31.8 * * * *33.3 * * 

Asian only ................... # # 40.8 33.1 43.3 40.9 # # 28.3 21.4 23.2 23.5 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ................ - - - - - - - - - * * * - - - - - - - - - * * * 

2 or more races ............... - - - - - - - - - 56.0 63.1 50.0 - - - - - - - - - *26.9 48.4 32.3 

Hispanic origin and race4,5 

Hispanic or Latino ............. 42.3 39.8 29.1 26.9 23.4 24.0 22.2 18.4 17.9 17.4 15.1 16.2 

Mexican ................... 33.5 31.8 26.5 27.4 20.3 24.8 20.2 15.9 17.5 16.9 12.8 16.8 

Not Hispanic or Latino .......... 77.2 76.2 68.7 66.2 65.5 65.2 37.7 39.9 38.2 35.7 36.8 37.2 

White only ................. 81.0 80.3 72.3 69.7 69.1 68.8 39.3 41.7 39.5 36.8 38.3 38.6 

Black or African American only . . . 42.4 40.1 40.5 40.1 35.6 37.6 23.7 24.4 27.6 27.6 25.0 28.0 

Percent of poverty level4,6 

Below 100 percent ............. 46.1 40.0 32.8 28.3 29.9 27.8 11.6 13.8 10.2 8.8 10.8 11.9 

100–149 percent .............. 67.7 67.6 48.7 44.6 44.2 45.7 22.2 26.7 19.3 14.7 16.1 20.6 

150–199 percent .............. 81.1 76.0 65.6 62.0 63.1 63.1 39.0 38.7 31.4 27.2 29.8 28.1 

200 percent or more ............ 85.5 85.3 78.6 75.5 74.4 74.2 49.4 49.3 49.8 45.4 47.3 46.8 

Geographic region4 

Northeast.................... 76.1 76.2 72.0 66.0 66.7 66.1 42.2 44.6 43.9 39.7 38.7 38.8 

Midwest ..................... 81.9 82.3 78.3 77.0 75.9 72.4 40.0 44.7 41.6 38.5 41.2 40.5 

South ...................... 73.0 70.7 62.0 60.2 58.4 60.2 32.0 33.7 33.3 31.0 31.9 34.1 

West ....................... 74.7 68.8 54.9 51.5 51.5 51.7 37.1 33.6 30.9 30.6 31.7 30.6 

Location of residence4 

Within MSA7 ................. 76.6 74.7 65.5 62.8 61.4 61.2 39.9 40.9 38.7 36.0 36.9 36.5 

Outside MSA7 ................ 74.8 73.9 70.6 68.2 68.5 68.1 30.2 32.2 31.8 30.0 31.5 34.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 333 
Table 130 (page 2 of 4). Health insurance coverage for persons 65 years of age and over, according to type of 

coverage and selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1989–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Medicare fee-for-service only1,8 Medicare health maintenance organization1,9 

Characteristic 1989 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 1989 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Number in millions 

Total3 ...................... 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 - - - - - - 4.7 5.2 5.0 4.2 

Percent of population 

Total, age adjusted3,4 ........... 

Total, crude3 ................. 

15.7 

15.4 

14.8 

14.7 

14.5 

14.5 

15.8 

15.8 

16.8 

16.8 

17.9 - - - - - -

17.9 - - - - - -

14.4 

14.5 

16.0 

16.0 

15.2 

15.2 

12.9 

12.9 

Age 

65–74 years.................. 13.8 14.4 13.7 15.6 16.4 17.4 - - - - - - 15.3 16.1 15.8 12.8 

75 years and over ............. 17.8 15.2 15.4 15.9 17.4 18.4 - - - - - - 13.5 15.9 14.6 13.1 

75–84 years ................ 16.2 14.1 14.2 15.2 16.0 17.0 - - - - - - 13.7 16.5 15.5 13.4 

85 years and over ............ 24.9 19.2 19.7 18.4 22.7 23.7 - - - - - - 12.8 13.7 11.1 11.9 

Sex4 

Male ....................... 14.9 14.3 13.2 15.4 16.1 17.4 - - - - - - 14.7 16.5 15.6 12.5 

Female ..................... 16.2 15.0 15.4 16.0 17.4 18.2 - - - - - - 14.2 15.6 15.0 13.3 

Race4,5 

White only ................... 13.9 13.5 13.3 14.4 15.5 16.5 - - - - - - 14.0 15.8 15.2 13.0 

Black or African American only..... 34.9 29.0 26.7 28.0 29.6 30.5 - - - - - - 17.6 16.5 14.7 11.2 

American Indian and Alaska 

Native only.................. * * *26.6 *39.1 * *37.9 - - - - - - * * * * 

Asian only ................... # # *12.6 22.0 21.4 19.8 - - - - - - 17.0 18.9 16.0 13.4 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ................ - - - - - - - - - * * * - - - - - - - - - * * * 

2 or more races ............... - - - - - - - - - *19.1 * *21.7 - - - - - - - - - *21.8 *29.8 *16.3 

Hispanic origin and race4,5 

Hispanic or Latino ............. 22.7 23.6 20.6 22.8 20.8 23.9 - - - - - - 24.4 25.7 25.0 20.1 

Mexican ................... # # 21.5 26.3 22.7 29.3 - - - - - - 23.3 26.0 24.5 18.9 

Not Hispanic or Latino .......... 15.5 14.3 14.2 15.3 16.6 17.5 - - - - - - 13.9 15.4 14.6 12.5 

White only ................. 13.6 12.9 12.9 13.9 15.3 16.1 - - - - - - 13.5 15.2 14.5 12.5 

Black or African American only . . . 34.9 29.1 26.7 28.0 29.6 30.5 - - - - - - 17.5 16.5 14.7 11.2 

Percent of poverty level4,6 

Below 100 percent ............. 26.4 23.4 21.9 24.8 23.6 23.3 - - - - - - 11.0 13.8 14.4 8.6 

100–149 percent .............. 20.7 18.6 22.2 23.1 22.0 24.5 - - - - - - 16.6 17.7 17.0 12.5 

150–199 percent .............. 13.6 16.8 14.3 17.1 16.6 16.6 - - - - - - 18.6 20.4 16.0 15.0 

200 percent or more ............ 11.0 10.8 8.0 10.3 11.4 11.5 - - - - - - 15.2 15.7 16.7 14.5 

Geographic region4 

Northeast.................... 17.4 15.3 12.3 13.8 17.1 17.6 - - - - - - 12.7 17.5 12.5 13.5 

Midwest ..................... 13.8 11.0 12.9 11.7 13.5 16.1 - - - - - - 7.7 9.0 8.4 7.5 

South ...................... 16.6 15.9 17.5 20.3 19.6 19.7 - - - - - - 12.5 12.2 13.2 10.2 

West ....................... 14.4 17.2 13.7 14.9 15.7 17.3 - - - - - - 28.2 31.0 30.6 23.8 

Location of residence4 

Within MSA7 ................. 15.9 14.9 13.4 14.9 16.4 17.6 - - - - - - 17.7 19.7 18.7 15.8 

Outside MSA7 ................ 15.5 14.2 18.2 18.7 18.2 19.0 - - - - - - 3.5 3.4 4.4 3.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

334 Health, United States, 2003
Table 130 (page 3 of 4). Health insurance coverage for persons 65 years of age and over, according to type of 

coverage and selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1989–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

Medicaid1,10 

Characteristic 1989 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Number in millions 

Total3 ...................... 2.0 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.7 

Percent of population 

Total, age adjusted3,4 ........... 

Total, crude3 ................. 

7.2 

7.0 

9.6 

9.4 

8.1 7.4 

8.1 7.3 

7.6 

7.6 

8.1 

8.1 

Age 

65–74 years.................. 6.3 8.4 7.8 6.6 7.7 7.8 

75 years and over ............. 8.2 10.9 8.4 8.1 7.5 8.5 

75–84 years ................ 7.9 9.9 7.8 7.2 7.2 8.1 

85 years and over ............ 9.7 14.3 10.5 11.4 8.6 10.3 

Sex4 

Male ....................... 5.2 5.8 6.2 5.3 5.5 6.1 

Female ..................... 8.6 12.2 9.5 8.8 9.2 9.7 

Race4,5 

White only ................... 5.6 7.4 6.4 5.6 5.6 6.2 

Black or African American only..... 21.2 28.4 18.0 18.2 19.6 20.0 

American Indian and Alaska 

Native only.................. * * * * *35.8 * 

Asian only ................... # # 33.4 28.2 21.3 23.7 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific 

Islander only ................ - - - - - - - - - * * * 

2 or more races ............... - - - - - - - - - * * *19.9 

Hispanic origin and race4,5 

Hispanic or Latino ............. 26.4 32.7 27.2 24.0 29.6 30.1 

Mexican ................... # # 29.0 17.5 28.1 25.6 

Not Hispanic or Latino .......... 6.6 8.5 7.1 6.4 6.3 6.8 

White only ................. 4.9 6.1 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.9 

Black or African American only . . . 21.1 28.5 18.0 18.1 19.5 20.0 

Percent of poverty level4,6 

Below 100 percent ............. 28.2 36.4 36.7 35.7 35.0 38.8 

100–149 percent .............. 9.0 12.8 14.1 15.3 16.2 18.6 

150–199 percent .............. 4.7 5.9 6.1 4.2 4.7 7.1 

200 percent or more ............ 2.4 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.1 

Geographic region4 

Northeast.................... 5.4 8.9 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.9 

Midwest ..................... 3.7 5.8 4.9 5.7 4.5 5.1 

South ...................... 9.7 11.8 9.6 8.2 9.4 9.3 

West ....................... 9.4 11.5 10.2 8.2 8.6 10.0 

Location of residence4 

Within MSA7 ................. 6.5 8.9 8.0 6.9 7.2 8.1 

Outside MSA7 ................ 8.8 11.7 8.4 8.8 9.0 8.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 335 
Table 130 (page 4 of 4). Health insurance coverage for persons 65 years of age and over, according to type of 

coverage and selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1989–2001 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population] 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of 20–30 percent. Data not shown have a relative standard error of

greater than 30 percent.

# Estimates calculated upon request.

- - - Data not available.

1

Almost all persons 65 years of age and over are covered by Medicare also. In 2001, 90 percent of older persons with private insurance also had Medicare.

2

Private insurance originally obtained through a present or former employer or union. Starting in 1997 also includes private insurance obtained through workplace, self-

employed, or professional association.

3

Includes all other races not shown separately and unknown poverty level.

4

Estimates are for persons 65 years of age and older and are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and over. See

Appendix II, Age adjustment.

5

The race groups, white, black, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races, include persons of

Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with data year 1999 race-specific estimates are tabulated according to 1997

Standards for Federal data on Race and Ethnicity and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single race categories plus multiple race cat­

egories shown in the table conform to 1997 Standards. The 1999 and later race-specific estimates are for persons who reported only one racial group; the category ‘‘2

or more races’’’ includes persons who reported more than one racial group. Prior to data year 1999, data were tabulated according to 1977 Standards with four racial

groups and the category ‘‘Asian only’’ included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimates for single race categories prior to 1999 included persons who

reported one race or, if they reported more than one race, identified one race as best representing their race. The effect of the 1997 Standard on the 1999 estimates

can be seen by comparing 1999 data tabulated according to the two Standards: Age-adjusted estimates based on the 1977 Standards of the percent with private health

insurance are: 0.1 percentage points lower for the white group; 0.3 percentage points higher for the black group; and 1 percentage point higher for the Asian and

Pacific Islander group than estimates based on the 1997 Standards. See Appendix II, Race.

6

Missing family income data were imputed for 22–25 percent of the sample 65 years of age and over in 1994–96. Percent of poverty level was unknown for 29 percent

of sample persons 65 or older in 1997, 34 percent in 1998, 38 percent in 1999, 39 percent in 2000, and 40 percent in 2001. See Appendix II, Family income; Poverty

level.

7

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

8

Medicare fee-for-service only includes persons who are not covered by private health insurance, Medicaid, or a Medicare health maintenance organization.

9

Persons reporting Medicare coverage are considered to have HMO coverage if they responded yes when asked if they were under a Medicare managed care arrange­

ment such as an HMO.

10Includes public assistance through 1996. Starting in 1997 includes State-sponsored health plans. In 2001 the age-adjusted percent of the population 65 years of age

and over covered by Medicaid was 7.6 percent, and 0.5 percent were covered by State-sponsored health plans.

NOTES: In 1997 the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was redesigned, including changes to the questions on health insurance coverage. See Appe ndix I, 

National Health Interview Survey and Appendix II, Health insurance coverage. Percents do not add to 100 because elderly persons with more than one type of insurance in addition to Medicare appear in more than one column, and because the percent of elderly persons without health insurance (1.3 percent in 2001) is not shown. 

Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, health insurance supplements (1984, 

1989, 1994–1996). Starting in 1997 data are from the family core questionnaires. 

336 Health, United States, 2003
Table 135. Medicare enrollees and program payments among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, 

according to sex and age: United States and other areas, 1994–2000 

[Data are compiled from administrative data by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services] 

Sex and age 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Fee-for-service enrollees in thousands 

Total..................... 

Sex 

Male..................... 

Female ................... 

Age 

Under 65 years ............. 65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Total..................... 

Sex 

Male..................... 

Female ................... 

Age 

Under 65 years ............. 65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

Total..................... 

Sex 

Male..................... Female ................... 

Age 

Under 65 years ............. 

65–74 years ............... 

75–84 years ............... 85 years and over ........... 

Total..................... 

Sex 

Male..................... 

Female ................... 

Age 

Under 65 years ............. 

65–74 years ............... 75–84 years ............... 

85 years and over ........... 

34,076 34,062 33,704 33,009 32,349 32,179 32,740 

14,533 14,563 14,440 14,149 13,902 13,872 14,195 

19,543 19,499 19,264 18,860 18,477 18,307 18,545 

4,031 4,239 4,413 4,498 4,617 4,742 4,907 

16,713 16,373 15,810 15,099 14,433 14,072 14,230 

9,845 9,911 9,915 9,847 9,722 9,748 9,919 

3,486 3,540 3,566 3,565 3,577 3,618 3,684 

Fee-for-service program payments in millions 

$146,549 $158,980 $167,063 $166,687 $174,261

71,011 

95,052 

24,160 

58,737 

58,058 

26,108 

$175,423 $168,164 

75,357 72,883 

100,066 95,281 

25,798 23,746 

59,687 57,342 

61,708 59,745 

28,231 27,331 

63,907 

82,642 

18,835 

55,147 

50,719 

21,847 

100.0 

43.6 

56.4 

12.9 

37.6 

34.6 

14.9 

68,758 

90,222 

21,029 

58,093 

55,256 

24,602 

73,171 76,230 

93,516 98,031 

24,262 25,773 

56,031 57,494 

59,518 62,685 

26,875 28,309 

100.0 100.0 

43.9 43.7 

56.1 56.3 

14.6 14.8 

33.6 33.0 

35.7 36.0 

16.1 16.2 

Percent distribution 

100.0 100.0 

43.2 42.5 

56.8 56.9 

13.2 14.5 

36.5 35.2 

34.8 34.8 

15.5 15.6 

of fee-for-service program payments 

100.0 100.0 

43.0 43.3 

57.0 56.7 

14.7 14.1 

34.0 34.1 

35.2 35.5 

16.1 16.3 

Average fee-for-service payment per enrollee 

$ 4,301 $ 4,667 $ 4,957 $ 5,314 $ 5,198 $ 5,180 $ 5,323 

4,397 4,721 4,918 5,326 5,243 5,275 5,370 

4,229 4,627 4,934 5,306 5,165 5,108 5,286 

4,673 4,960 5,475 5,735 5,143 5,117 5,252 

3,300 3,548 3,715 3,953 3,973 3,982 4,040 

5,152 5,576 5,856 6,267 6,145 6,106 6,320 

6,267 6,950 7,321 7,919 7,641 7,428 7,684 

NOTES: Table includes data for Medicare enrollees residing in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, other outlying areas, foreign countries, and unknown residence. 

Some 1999 numbers in this table have been revised and differ from the previous edition of Health, United States. 

SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Research, Development, and Information. Health Care Financing Review: Medicare and Medicaid Statistical Supplements for years 1996 to 2002. Website: www.cms.hhs.gov/review/supp/. 

344 Health, United States, 2003
Table 136 (page 1 of 2). Medicare beneficiaries by race and ethnicity, according to selected characteristics: 

United States, 1992 and 1999 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of current Medicare beneficiaries and Medicare administrative records] 

Not Hispanic or Latino 

Black or 

All White African American Hispanic or Latino

Characteristic 1992 1999 1992 1999 1992 1999 1992 1999 

Number of beneficiaries in millions 

All Medicare beneficiaries ...... 36.8 40.4 30.9 32.4 3.3 3.6 1.9 2.8 

Percent distribution of beneficiaries 

All Medicare beneficiaries ...... 100.0 100.0 84.2 80.6 8.9 8.9 5.2 6.9 

Medical care use Percent of beneficiaries with at least one service 

All Medicare beneficiaries: 

Long-term care facility stay . . . 7.7 9.2 8.0 9.8 6.2 9.0 4.2 4.4 

Community-only residents: 

Inpatient hospital .......... 17.9 19.4 18.1 19.5 18.4 22.3 16.6 16.9 

Outpatient hospital ......... 

Physician/supplier1 ......... 57.9 

92.4 

68.5 

94.6 

57.8 69.2 61.1 69.9 

93.0 95.5 89.1 91.1 

53.1 

87.9 

61.8 

89.8 

Dental .................. 40.4 43.4 43.1 47.1 23.5 23.5 29.1 32.3 

Prescription medicine ....... 85.2 89.8 85.5 90.2 83.1 88.4 84.6 89.0 

Expenditures2 Expenditures per beneficiary 

All Medicare beneficiaries: 

Total ................... $6,716 $9,593 $6,816 $9,705 $7,043 $11,176 $5,784 $7,536 

Long-term care facility ..... 1,581 2,128 1,674 2,276 1,255 2,188 *758 887 

Community-only residents: 

Total personal health care .... 5,054 7,228 4,988 7,222 5,530 8,633 4,938 6,400 

Inpatient hospital......... 2,098 2,528 2,058 2,528 2,493 3,262 1,999 2,048 

Outpatient hospital ....... 

Physician/supplier1 ....... 504 

1,524 

859 

2,180 

478 800 668 1,396 

1,525 2,197 1,398 2,286 

511 

1,587 

834 

2,100 

Dental ................ 142 252 153 276 70 121 97 171 

Prescription medicine ..... 468 983 481 1,004 417 951 389 878 

Long-term care facility residents 

only: 

Long-term care facility....... 23,054 29,889 23,177 30,072 21,272 30,234 *25,026 *25,601 

Sex Percent distribution of beneficiaries 

Both sexes ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Male ................... 42.9 43.7 42.7 43.5 42.0 40.7 46.7 47.4 

Female ................. 57.1 56.3 57.3 56.5 58.0 59.3 53.3 52.6 

Eligibility criteria and age 

All Medicare beneficiaries3 ..... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Disabled ................ 10.2 13.3 8.6 11.3 19.1 23.5 16.5 20.3 

Under 45 years .......... 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.2 7.6 7.9 6.9 5.2 

45–64 years ............ 6.5 9.5 5.8 8.1 11.5 15.6 9.6 15.1 

Aged ................... 89.8 86.8 91.4 88.7 81.0 76.6 83.5 79.7 

65–74 years ............ 51.5 45.9 52.0 45.7 48.0 43.3 49.4 48.2 

75–84 years ............ 28.8 29.9 29.5 31.6 24.0 23.6 27.1 22.6 

85 years and over ........ 9.7 10.9 9.9 11.4 9.0 9.7 6.9 8.9 

Living arrangement 

All living arrangements ........ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Alone .................. 27.0 29.4 27.5 30.0 27.7 31.8 20.2 22.6 

With spouse .............. 51.2 49.3 53.3 51.2 33.3 31.6 50.4 48.5 

With children ............. 9.1 9.3 7.7 7.5 16.8 17.8 16.6 16.3 

With others .............. 7.6 7.3 6.2 6.4 18.1 13.4 10.8 10.7 

Long-term care facility....... 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.0 5.4 *2.0 *1.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Health, United States, 2003 345 
Table 136 (page 2 of 2). Medicare beneficiaries by race and ethnicity, according to selected characteristics: 

United States, 1992 and 1999 

[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of current Medicare beneficiaries and Medicare administrative records] 

Not Hispanic or Latino 

Black or 

All White African American Hispanic or Latino

Characteristic 1992 1999 1992 1999 1992 1999 1992 1999 

Age and limitation of activity4 Percent distribution of beneficiaries 

Disabled .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

None ................... 22.7 29.2 21.8 27.9 26.2 39.9 21.2 23.6 

IADL only ............... 39.0 35.3 38.9 36.4 35.8 32.0 46.1 36.4 

1 or 2 ADL ............... 21.2 21.2 21.5 20.9 21.2 18.8 *20.9 *23.7 

3–5 ADL ................ 17.2 14.3 17.9 14.9 *16.8 *9.3 *11.9 *16.3 

65–74 years ............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

None ................... 67.0 71.3 68.7 72.9 55.1 59.6 59.2 68.9 

IADL only ............... 17.8 15.7 17.0 15.2 22.9 20.4 *20.9 16.1 

1 or 2 ADL ............... 10.4 8.7 9.6 8.2 14.4 11.8 *15.7 *10.6 

3–5 ADL ................ 4.8 4.4 4.6 3.7 *7.6 *8.2 *4.2 *4.3 

75–84 years ............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

None ................... 46.6 52.9 47.5 53.7 42.0 46.9 44.3 50.2 

IADL only ............... 23.9 21.3 23.6 21.1 26.7 19.8 *27.8 26.6 

1 or 2 ADL ............... 16.5 14.7 16.8 14.5 15.3 16.7 *14.9 *12.4 

3–5 ADL ................ 13.0 11.1 12.2 10.7 *15.9 16.6 *13.0 *10.8 

85 years and over ........... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

None ................... 19.9 24.5 20.2 25.0 *19.6 *21.6 *19.7 *23.2 

IADL only ............... 20.9 21.5 20.2 21.1 *22.1 *22.3 *24.7 *26.2 

1 or 2 ADL ............... 23.5 21.6 23.5 22.5 *24.3 *14.7 *23.7 *23.6 

3–5 ADL ................ 35.8 32.3 36.1 31.5 *34.0 41.5 *31.8 *27.0 

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Cell is based on 50 persons or fewer or the estimate has a relative standard error of 30 percent or higher.

1

Physician/supplier services include medical and osteopathic doctor and health practitioner visits; diagnostic laboratory and radiology services; medical and surgical ser­

vices; durable medical equipment and nondurable medical supplies.

2

Total health care expenditures by Medicare beneficiaries, including expenses paid by Medicare and all other sources of payment for the following services: inpatient

hospital, outpatient hospital, physician/supplier, dental, prescription medicine, home health and hospice care. Does not include health insurance premiums.

3

Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are included within the subgroups ‘‘Aged’’ and ‘‘Disabled’’.

4

See Appendix II for definitions of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Includes data for both community and long-term care

facility residents.

NOTE: Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III). 

SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, Health and Health Care of the Medicare Population; www.cms.hhs.gov/ 

mcbs. 

346 Health, United States, 2003
Table 137. Medicaid recipients and medical vendor payments, according to basis of eligibility, and race and 

ethnicity: United States, selected fiscal years 1972–2000 

[Data are compiled by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services from the Medicaid Data System] 

Basis of eligibility and 

race and ethnicity 1972 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 19981 1999 2 2000 

Recipients Number in millions 

All recipients......................... 17.6 21.6 25.3 36.3 36.1 34.9 40.6 40.1 42.8 

Percent of recipients 

Basis of eligibility:3 

Aged (65 years and over) .............. 18.8 15.9 12.7 11.4 11.9 11.3 9.8 9.4 8.7 

Blind and disabled ................... 9.8 13.5 14.7 16.1 17.2 17.6 16.3 16.7 16.1 

Adults in families with dependent children4 . . 

Children under age 215 ............... Other Title XIX6 ..................... 

17.8 

44.5 

9.0 

22.6 

43.2 

6.9 

23.8 

44.4 

3.9 

21.0 19.7 19.5 

47.3 46.3 45.3 

1.7 1.8 6.3 

19.5 

46.7 

7.8 

18.7 

46.9 

8.4 

20.5 

46.1 

8.6 

Race and ethnicity:7 

White ............................ - - - - - - 42.8 45.5 44.8 44.4 41.3 - - - - - - Black or African American .............. - - - - - - 25.1 24.7 23.9 23.5 24.2 - - - - - -

American Indian or Alaska Native ........ - - - - - - 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 - - - - - -

Asian or Pacific Islander ............... - - - - - - 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.5 - - - - - -

Hispanic or Latino ................... - - - - - - 14.0 9.6 10.9 14.9 15.5 - - - - - -

Vendor payments8 Amount in billions 

All payments ........................ $ 6.3 $ 23.3 $ 64.9 $120.1 $121.7 $124.4 $ 142.3 $ 153.5 $ 168.3 

Percent distribution 

Total............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Basis of eligibility: 

Aged (65 years and over) .............. 30.6 37.5 33.2 30.4 30.4 30.3 28.5 27.7 26.4 

Blind and disabled ................... 22.2 32.7 37.6 41.1 42.8 43.5 42.4 42.9 43.2 

Adults in families with dependent children4 . . Children under age 215 ............... Other Title XIX6 ..................... 

15.3 

18.1 

13.9 

13.9 

13.4 

2.6 

13.2 

14.0 

1.6 

11.2 10.1 9.9 

15.0 14.4 14.1 

1.2 1.2 2.2 

10.4 

16.0 

2.6 

10.3 

15.7 

3.4 

10.6 

15.9 

3.9 

Race and ethnicity:7 

White ............................ - - - - - - 53.4 54.3 54.1 55.0 54.3 - - - - - -

Black or African American .............. - - - - - - 18.3 19.2 18.7 18.5 19.6 - - - - - -

American Indian or Alaska Native ........ - - - - - - 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 - - - - - -

- - - - - - 15.2 17.2 17.5 14.3 15.6 - - - - - - Unknown ......................... 

Asian or Pacific Islander ............... - - - - - - 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.4 - - - - - - Hispanic or Latino ................... - - - - - - 5.3 7.3 7.4 6.8 8.2 - - - - - - Unknown ......................... - - - - - - 21.3 17.6 18.1 18.2 15.7 - - - - - -

Vendor payments per recipient8 Amount 

All recipients......................... $ 358 $1,079 $2,568 $3,311 $3,369 $3,568 $ 3,501 $ 3,819 $ 3,936 

Basis of eligibility: 

Aged (65 years and over) .............. 580 2,540 6,717 8,868 8,622 9,538 10,242 11,268 11,929 

Blind and disabled ................... 

Adults in families with dependent children4 . . 

Children under age 215 ............... Other Title XIX6 ..................... 

807 

307 

145 

555 

2,618 

662 

335 

398 

6,564 

1,429 

811 

1,062 

8,435 

1,777 

1,047 

2,380 

8,369 

1,722 

1,048 

2,152 

8,832 

1,809 

1,111 

1,242 

9,095 

1,876 

1,203 

1,166 

9,832 

2,104 

1,282 

1,532 

10,559 

2,030 

1,358 

1,778 

Race and ethnicity:7 

White ............................ - - - - - - 3,207 3,953 4,074 4,421 4,609 - - - - - -

Black or African American.............. - - - - - - 1,878 2,568 2,631 2,798 2,836 - - - - - -

American Indian or Alaska Native ........ - - - - - - 1,706 2,142 2,298 2,500 3,297 - - - - - -

Asian or Pacific Islander ............... - - - - - - 1,257 1,713 1,767 1,610 1,924 - - - - - -

Hispanic or Latino ................... - - - - - - 903 1,400 1,428 1,699 1,842 - - - - - -

Unknown ......................... - - - - - - 3,909 6,099 5,603 4,356 3,531 - - - - - -

- - - Data not available.

1

Prior to 1998 recipient counts exclude those individuals who only received coverage under prepaid health care and for whom no direct vendor payments were made

during the year. Prior to 1998 vendor payments exclude payments to health maintenance organizations and other prepaid health plans ($19.3 billion in 1998 and $18

billion in 1997). The total number of persons who were Medicaid eligible and enrolled was 41.4 million in 1998, 41.6 million in 1997, and 41.2 million in 1996 (HCFA

Medicaid Statistics, Program and Financial Statistics FY1996, FY1997, and FY1998, unpublished).

2

Starting in 1999, the Medicaid data system was changed (see Appendix I, Medicaid Data System).

3

In 1980 and 1985 recipients included in more than one category. In 1990–96, 0.2–2.5 percent of recipients have unknown basis of eligibility. From 1997 onwards,

unknowns are included in Other Title XIX.

4

Includes adults in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. From 1997 onwards includes adults in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

(TANF) program.

5

Includes children in the AFDC program. From 1997 onwards includes children and foster care children in the TANF program.

6

Includes some participants in the Supplemental Security Income program and other people deemed medically needy in participating States. From 1997 onwards

excludes foster care and includes unknown eligibility.

7

Race and ethnicity as determined on initial Medicaid application. Categories are mutually exclusive.

8

Vendor payments exclude disproportionate share hospital payments ($15 billion in 1999 and 2000).

NOTES: 1972 data are for fiscal year ending June 30. All other years are for fiscal year ending September 30. Data for additional years are available (see Appendix III).

SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Information Services, Enterprise Databases Group, Division of Information Distribution, Medicaid Data

System. Before 1999 Medicaid Statistical Report HCFA–2082. From 1999 onwards Medicaid Statistical Information System, MSIS. www.cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/msis/

mstats.asp.

Health, United States, 2003 347