The following information was generated from the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a database of the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on October 30, 2009.

Query: The chemical name was identified. The following terms were added from ChemIDplus: diethylether ethylenglykolu CAS Registry Number: 629-14-1

NAME: ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER

HSN: 71

RN: 629-14-1

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS:

HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: B. Ethylene glycol and its mono- and diethers... 1. Central nervous depression... 3. Nausea, vomiting, and sometimes diarrhea. 4. ...Headache. Later abdominal and lumbar pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. 5. Transient polyuria and then oliguria, progressing to anuria. 6. Acute renal failure... 7. Less critical pathological lesions may appear in brain, lungs, liver, meninges and heart. /Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED**

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Skin permeation was calculated using the Franz cell method with human skin. A physiological solution was used as the receiving phase. ...A permeation profile was obtained and steady state, lag time and permeation constant flux was calculated for each of the following solvents: ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE), propylene glycol mono-methyl ether (PGMME); propylene glycol mono-methyl ether acetate (PGMMEac); 2-propylene glycol 1-butyl ether (2PG1BE), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME). All solvents were tested in their pure form and with 70% acetone. For all solvents tested the lag time was < 2 hr, and for the majority of them was about 60 min. Flux at steady state ranged between 0.017 +/- 0.005 and 3.435 +/- 1.897 mg/sq cm/hr and permeation rate was from 0.0192 to 1.02 x 10-3 cm/hr. The presence of acetone in the solution caused a reduction in lag time and an increase in permeation rate, higher for EGMEE, lower for EGDEE, indicating the enhancing effect of this mixture of solvents. ... [Larese Filon F et al; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72 (7): 480-4 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

<a

href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list_uids=10541914" target=new>PubMed Abstract

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) including diglyme are used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Epidemiological studies of semiconductor populations evaluated potential adverse reproductive outcomes. ... In each of these studies, workers were exposed to mixtures including diglyme but not to diglyme alone. ... Exposure to EGEs was determined using questionnaires from subjects about the work performed and an assessment of the work environment by industrial hygienists, but nomeasurements of personal or area exposures were made. Workers in the fabrication area were considered exposed to EGEs. For the retrospective study, information on pregnancy outcomes and potential confounders (age, smoking, ethnicity, education, income, year of pregnancy, and stress) was obtained through a comprehensive interviewer-administered interview of female employees. The prospective study of early fetal loss and fecundity (probability of conception per menstrual cycle) was conducted in a subset of female employees from five plants. Daily diaries and measurements of daily urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels for 6 months were collected in addition to the comprehensive interview. Of the 891 medically verified pregnancies identified for the retrospective study, 774 (86.9%) were live births, 113 (12.7%) were spontaneous abortions, and 4 (0.4%) were stillbirths. The overall unadjusted relative risk (RR) for spontaneous abortions was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.05) and changed little after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR =1.43; 95% CI = 0.95–2.09). When stratified by work group, the risk of spontaneous abortion was statistically significantly increased for female workers in the photolithography group (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.04–2.55) and in the etching group (RR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.27–3.19). For women working with higher levels of EGE only in masking, the risk for spontaneous abortion was increased 3-fold (RR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.61–5.73). In the prospective study, no statistically significant differences were detected in the overall rate of spontaneous abortions between fabrication and non-fabrication workers or when pregnancy outcomes were examined by work group. However, the ability to conceive was lower among female workers exposed to EGEs (fertility rate [FR] = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.11–1.19). /Ethylene glycol ethers/ [International Programme on Chemical Safety; Concise International Chemical Assessment Document Number 41: Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (2002). Available from, as of February 20, 2007: http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html ] **PEER REVIEWED**

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether vapor is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: Complete blood count (CBC). Kidney function tests. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER

REVIEWED**

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

MINIMUM FATAL DOSE LEVEL: 3. 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, between 1 oz & 1 pt (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). /Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N.Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED**

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:

EMT COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER: Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) database have been provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R)

DATABASE SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases is at your sole risk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Micromedex makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES

OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2009 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading," sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation of Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, *** GLYCOL ETHERS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

LIFE SUPPORT: o This overview assumes that basic life support measures

have been instituted.

CLINICAL EFFECTS:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE

0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Based on animal comparative data, the glycol ethers may be more acutely toxic than ethylene glycol; however, this model does not account for toxicity of metabolites. Toxicity in humans following ingestions may be dependent on the metabolic products. 1) Human overdose experience is limited to extremely large ingestions in adults. Experience with smaller

amounts or low concentrations is insufficient to predict whether animal data suggesting significant acute toxicity are relevant to humans. B) CNS depression, renal injury, hyperventilation, hemolysis, and metabolic acidosis have occurred after large ingestions. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for up to 18 hours.

0.2.3 VITAL SIGNS

0.2.4 HEENT

0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Eye irritation is generally slight, but may be severe with the propyl ether.

0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR

0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Severe hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmias are rare effects of large ingestions of ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE).

0.2.6 RESPIRATORY

0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) ARDS was reported in one case after ingestion of 500 mLof 9.1% ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE).

0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC

0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Ataxia, tremor, somnolence, lethargy, headache, dysarthria, blurred vision, coma, and personality changes have been reported after chronic inhalation. B) Coma has been described after ingestion of 30 to 100 mL of pure glycol ethers in adults.

0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL

0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hemorrhagic gastritis was seen in a case of fatal poisoning with methyl ether.

0.2.9 HEPATIC

0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Fatty degeneration of the liver was noted on autopsy after a poisoning with methyl ether.

0.2.10 GENITOURINARY

0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Renal tubular necrosis with proteinuria has been seen following oral ingestion. Oxalate crystals were seen in the urine in one patient.

0.2.11 ACID-BASE

0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Metabolic acidosis has been consistently described after large oral ingestions.

0.2.12 FLUID-ELECTROLYTE

0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia have been noted.

0.2.13 HEMATOLOGIC

0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hemolytic anemia, non-hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and DIC have been reported in

overdose.

0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) Teratogenic effects have been observed at maternally non-toxic doses for the methyl ether and ethyl ether of ethylene glycol.

0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY

0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-76-2 (IARC,

2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: 2-Butoxyethanol b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into anyother group are also placed in this category. B) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-86-4 (IARC,

2004): 1) Not Listed C) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS110-80-5 (IARC,

2004): 1) Not Listed D) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-59-1 (IARC,
2004): 1) Not Listed

0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY A) Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and the aldehyde metabolite of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (methoxyacetaldehyde) displayed mutagenic potency in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. In contrast, EGME, EGEE, EALD, BALD and the acid metabolites gave negative responses with all strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the assay (Hoflack et al, 1995).

LABORATORY: A) Blood ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol levels may be useful in assessing concurrent ingestions, but are not useful in assessing glycol ether toxicity.

TREATMENT OVERVIEW:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) Emesis is contraindicated due to rapid GI absorption and potential for rapid progression to coma. B) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes

or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. D) Correct severe acidosis (pH < 7.1) with IV NaHCO3. 1 to 2 mEq/kg is a useful starting dose. Monitor ABGs. E) Ethanol (ETOH) may inhibit the formation of toxic metabolites, but there are no controlled human studies documenting efficacy. 1) LOADING DOSE - Administer 7.6 to 10 mL/kg of 10% ETOH

in D5W IV over 30 minutes. 2) MAINTENANCE DOSE - Administer 1.39 mL/kg/hr of 10% ETOH in D5W by IV infusion. Aim at achieving and maintaining 100 to 130 mg/dL blood ethanol levels. 3) PRECAUTION - Monitor blood glucose and ETOH levels. F) HEMODIALYSIS - Consider hemodialysis in patients with severe toxicity. Maintenance ETOH dose must be modified during dialysis. INDICATIONS: a) severe acid-base and/or fluid-electrolyte abnormalities despite conventionaltherapy; or b) renal failure.

0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.

0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility.

0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

RANGE OF TOXICITY: A) Adults have developed severe toxicity after ingestion of 30 to 100 mL, and death after 240 mL (methoxyethanol).

ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT: Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 262-3] **PEER REVIEWED**

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 263] **PEER REVIEWED**

ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES:NON-HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A cat that recieved four 1-mL/kg doses exhibited signs of toxicity after each dose and died after the fourth dose. Necropsy revealed no abnormal findings. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Inhalation of 10,000 ppm for 1 hr caused irritation in the mucous membranes and a suggestion of ... /SRP: central nervous system depression/. Cats were more sensitive than were rabbits, /or/ guinea pigs ... but all survived the exposure. ... 12 daily 8-hr exposures of mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and cats to 500 ppm resulted in the death of 1 of 2 rabbits and the 2 cats but no evident injury to the mice and guinea pigs. Microscopic examination of the tissues of both cats showed definite symptoms of kidney injury and in one of them, a serious purulent inflammation of the trachea, which may well have been of infectious etiology. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Two dogs /were given/ 9.5 mL/day subcutaneously for 7 days and ... an increase in the oxalic acid content of the urine /was not observed/. This treatment reportedly caused no noticeable effects in the animals. However, necropsy revealed injury to the vasculature, liver, brain, testes, and particularly the kidneys. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER

REVIEWED**

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Guinea pigs survived seven subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mL/kg even though they suffered serious weight loss. Death resulted after seven 1-mL/kg injections. After four injections, the animals showed signs of transient narcosis; prostration was apparent just before death. Necropsy revealed kidney injury characterized by parenchymatous and interstitial nephritis. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Timed-pregnant CD-1 outbred Albino Swiss mice and New Zealand White rabbits were dosed by gavage with ethylene glycol diethyl ether in distilled water during major organogenesis. Mice were dosed on Gestational Days 6 through 15 (0, 50, 150, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day) and rabbits on gestation days 6 through 19 (0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day). Maternal clinical status was monitored daily during treatment. At termination (gestation days 17, mice; gestation days 30, rabbits), confirmed-pregnant females (22-24 per group, mice; 26-32 per group, rabbits) were evaluated for clinical status and gestational outcome; each live fetus was examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. In mice, no maternal mortality was observed, but maternal body weight gain during gestation and treatment, and at termination was reduced at 1000 mg/kg/day. The reduction of maternal body weight gain during gestation was secondary to embryo/fetal toxicity, ie, reduced gravid uterine weight as a consequence of decreased litter size and fetal weight. The no-observed adverse effect level for developmental toxicity was 50 mg/kg/day. At greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg/day the number of litters of mice with malformedfetuses was increased. At greater than or equal to 500 mg/kg/day fetal body weight was reduced, and malformation incidence was significantly increased. Exencephaly and fused ribs were observed most often. In rabbits, maternal body weight was unaffected by treatment even though 6% maternal mortality was observed at 100 mg/kg/day. The developmental no-observed adverse effect level was 25 mg/kg/day. Malformations were increased at greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg/day; short tail, small spleen, fused sternebrae, and fused rib cartilage were observed most often. In summary, oral administration of ethylene glycol diethyl ether to mice and rabbits during organogenesis produced profound adverse developmental effects even in the absence of significant maternal toxicity. Developmental effects in rabbits were more varied. [George JD et al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 19 (1): 15-25 (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED**

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ While possessing the potential toxicity... of other glycol derivatives, especially with chronic exposure, it appears to be actually less toxic than monoethyl, monobutyl and monomethyl ethers by oral dosage to animals... [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER

REVIEWED**

NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM STUDIES: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDE)... was evaluated for toxic and teratogenic effects In timed-pregnant CD-1 mice. Animals were exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether in water, by gavage on gestational days (gd) 6 through 15 and sacrificed on gestational days 17. Prior to initiation of the teratology study, a preliminary study was conducted in order to establish appropriate doses for use in the teratology study. Based on the results of the preliminary study, doses of 0, 50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day ethylene glycol diethyl ether were administered in the teratology study. The teratology study was conducted using a two-replicate design, with 12-14 animals assigned to each dose group in each replicate. Females were weighed and observed during daily treatment for clinical signs of toxicity. On gestational days 17, the gravid uterus of each dam was weighed, and the number and status of uterine implantation sites were recorded. ...A total of 22-24 dams (i.e., confirmed-pregnant females) per treatment group were evaluated in the study, with the following results: 1. A no effect level for maternal toxicity was observed at 500 mg/kg/day. Significant maternal toxicity in the form of reduced body weight and body weight gain was observed at 1000 mg/kg/day. This effect appeared to be secondary to embryo fetal toxicity at the 1000 mg/kg/day dose level. 2. A no effect level for developmental toxicity was observed at 50 mg/kg/day. A significant increase in the percent litters with one or more malformed fetuses was observed at 150 mg/kg/day, whereas a significant increase in other measures of developmental toxicity was observed at doses of 500 mg/kg/day and above. 3. At 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, a dose-related increase in the incidence of craniofacial malformations, similar to those seen after exposure of experimental animals to other glycol ethers, was observed. In conclusion, ethylene glycol diethyl ether administered to pregnant CD-1 mice during the period of major organogenesis marginally increased malformation incidence at 150 mg/kg/day and produced other signs of significant developmental toxicity in the absence of significant maternal toxicity at doses of 500 mg/kg/day and above. Significantly reduced prenatal viability and fetal body weight and a significant increase in teratogenicity was observed at 1000 mg/kg/day in the presence of significant maternal toxicity that was secondary to reduced gravid uterine weight. Thus, it appears that exposure to ethylene glycol diethylether may selectively affect the developing organism. [Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (CAS No. 629-14-1) Administered to CD-1 Mice on Gestational Days 6 Through 15, NTP Study No. TER87074 (August 25, 1987 ) Available from, as of August 16,

2002: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-

88B4D7EAC975BD44 ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDE)... was evaluated for toxic and teratogenic effects in timed-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether in water, by gavage on gestational days (gd) 6 through 19 and sacrificed on gestational days 30. Prior to initiation of the teratology study, a preliminary study was conducted in order to establish appropriate doses for use in the teratology study. Based on the results of the preliminary study, doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day ethylene glycol diethyl ether were administered in the teratology study. The teratology study was conducted using a three replicate design, with 12-14 animals assigned to each dose group in each replicate. A total of 26-32 does (i.e., confirmed-pregnant females) per treatment group were evaluated in the study, with the following results: 1. A no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal toxicity was 100 mg/kg/day based on gestational and corrected maternal body and liver weight. 2. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether had a minimal effect on maternal weight gain during treatment (gestational days 6-19 and gravid uterine weight at 100 mg/kg/day that appeared to be secondary to an increased incidence of resorptions. 3. A no effect level for developmental toxicity was observed at 25 mg/kg/day. 4. A significant increase in the percent of litters with one or more malformed fetuses (all malformations combined) was observed at 50 mg/kg/day. A significant increase in the percent resorptions per litter, the percent malformed fetuses per litter (all malformations combined), and in the number of litters with one or more fetuses with external, visceral, or skeletal malformations occurred at 100 mg/kg/day. In conclusion, exposure of timed-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to ethylene glycol diethyl ether during gestation resulted in clearcut evidence of developmental toxicity at doses of 50 mg/kg/day and above, in the absence of clearcut maternal toxicity. [Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (CAS No. 629-14-1) Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational Days 6 Through 19, NTP Study No. TER90075 (October 16, 1987) Available from, as of August 16, 2002: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-

88B4D7EAC975BD44 ] **PEER REVIEWED**

NON-HUMAN TOXICITY VALUES: LD50 Rat oral 4.39 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Guinea pig oral 2.44 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rabbit oral 2.52 g/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.;Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rabbit dermal 8.0 mL/kg [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 177] **PEER REVIEWED**

TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS: An oral teratogenicity was conducted with 50 pregnant Charles River (CD-1) mice administered ethylene glycol diethyl ether (1,2-diethoxyethane) by oral gavage at a dose level of 2955 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 7 to 14. The dose level chosen was the LD10 calculated from a previous range finding study. Mortality was observed in 5 mice (10%). Fetal toxicity was evident by statistical differences in number of viable litters (Fishers Exact Method). The number of live pups per litter, number of dead pups per litter, pup survival, pup birth weight, and pup weight over days 1 to 3 postpartum were not tested significantly due to small sample size. Gross necropsy observations were not reported.[Chemical Manufactures Association, NIOSH; Toxicity Studies with Glycol Monobutyl Ether (and other ethers) with cover letter dated 053084, (1984), EPA Document No. 40-8478008, Fiche No. OTS0215376] **UNREVIEWED**

A perinatal/postnatal teratology study was conducted with 50 pregnant Specific Pathogen Free CD-1 albino mice administered ethylene glycol diethyl ether (1,2-diethoxyethane) by oral gavage at a dose level of 2955 mg/kg/day (selected in a previous study in which the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 2365 mg/kg/day) on gestation days (GD) 7-14. Mortality was observed in 4 rats, 2 of which were attributed to dosing. Clinical signs observed in dams included prostration, lethargy, circling behavior, rapid or labored breathing, loss of righting reflex, and cold to the touch. The mean maternal body weights (GD 18 and terminal) and the mean weight changes were significantly lower than control values. A slight delay in time to delivery was observed. The number of viable litters (4), number of dead litters (8) and delivery index (11%) were much lower than control values. Examination of mice that had not produced litters (33) showed corpora lutea in 1 animal and reabsorption sites in 23 animals. A difference from controls was observed in mean live and mean pup counts at days 1-3, offspring viablity, pup weight gains, and mean number of dead pups. Statistical analyses could not be conducted due to the small number of dams producing litters. Gross necropsy observations were not reported.[Borriston Laboratories, Inc.; Screening of Priority Chemicals for Reproductive Hazards (Final Report), (1983), EPA Document No. 40-8378053, Fiche No. OTS0512409] **UNREVIEWED**

Reproductive toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 pregnant Charles River CD female mice receiving an oral gavage dose of ethylene glycol diethyl ether at 10 ml/kg body weight on gestation days 7 through 14. Maternal mortality, clinical observations and gross necropsy were not reported. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of live pups per litter.[Department of Health & Human Services; Results of Testing Fifteen Glycol Ethers in a Short-Term In Vivo Reproductive Toxicity Assay With Attachmnets, EPA Doc. 40-8385037, Fiche No. OTS0521552]

**UNREVIEWED**

METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS:

PHARMACOLOGY:MINIMUM FATAL DOSE LEVEL: 3. 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, between 1 oz & 1 pt (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). /Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SUMMARY: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for ester gum, shellac, some resins and oils, in organic synthesis, as a solvent and diluent for detergents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates ethylene glycol diethyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol diethyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.6 hours. If released to soil, ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon

an estimated Koc of 54. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in both soil and water based on BOD studies conducted using sewage seed and river water microorganisms. If released into water, ethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law

constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol diethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing ethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION SOURCES: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for ester gum, shellac, some resins and oils(1), in organic synthesis, as a solvent and diluent for detergents(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). [(1) Browning E; Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. NY, NY: American Elsevier p 612 (1965)(2) Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY p. 465 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.66(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethylene glycol diethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(5). Ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in soil based on a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g conducted with sewage seed(6). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (5) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (6) Heukelian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-53 (1955)] **PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 54(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.66(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation of ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur in water based on a theoretical BOD of 70% after 8 days following a 35-day acclimation period using river water microorganisms(8). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (5) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (7) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) (8) Mills EJ Jr, Stack VT Jr; Proceedings of the 9th Industrial Waste Conference 9: 449-64 (1955)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene glycol diethyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol diethyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.6 hours(SRC), calculated fromits rate constant of 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(3). [(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (3) Porter E et al; J Phys Chem A 101: 5770-5 (1997)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL BIODEGRADATION: AEROBIC: In a screening study using a sewage seed, ethylene glycol diethyl ether (concentration not specified) had a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g at 20 deg C(2). Successful acclimation of microorganisms from the Kanawana River to ethylene glycol diethyl ether was obtained in approximately 35 days with a theoretical BOD of 70% after 8 days(3). [(1) Heukelian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-53 (1955) (2) Mills EJ Jr, Stack VT Jr; Proceedings of the 9th Industrial Waste Conference 9: 449-64 (1955)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL ABIOTIC DEGRADATION: The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene glycol diethyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). [(1) Porter E et al; J Phys Chem A 101: 5770-5 (1997) (2) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCONCENTRATION: An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethylene glycol diethyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). [(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY: The Koc of ethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 54(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil. [(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 25 (1995) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)] **PEER REVIEWED**

VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL: The Henry's Law constant for ethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 6.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.37 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 83,700 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 18 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8.9 days(SRC). Ethylene glycol diethyl ether's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates thatvolatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethylene clycol diethyl ether from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1). [(1) Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975) (2) USEPA; U.S. EPA Solubility Database (Kawai K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL WATER CONCENTRATIONS: DRINKING WATER: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in drinking water(1). [(1) Kool HJ et al; Crit Rev Env Control 12: 307-57 (1982)] **PEER REVIEWED**

EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether has been detected in western Cleveland, Ohio wastewater influents at 140 ug/L(1). Ethylene glycol diethyl ether was identified in Chicago Central water works water (treated and untreated) at 2 ug/L(2). [(1) Monteith H; in Fluctuations of Trace Contaminants in Sewage Treatment Plants; Monograph Series 1, Adv Water Pollut Res Technol; Canadian Assoc Water Pollut Res Control: Burlington, Ontario, 173 pp. (1987) (2) Konasewich D et al; Status Report on Organic and Heavy Metal Contaminants in the Lakes Erie, Michigan, Huron, and Superior Basins. Great Lake Water Qual Board (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS:

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6-H14-O2 [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER

REVIEWED**

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 118.18 [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED**

COLOR/FORM: Colorless liquid [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465]

**PEER REVIEWED**

ODOR: Sweetish odor [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED**

Slight odor [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER

REVIEWED**

TASTE: Bitter [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED**

BOILING POINT:121.4 deg C [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER

REVIEWED**

MELTING POINT: -74 deg C [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED**

DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 0.8484 g/cu m at 20 deg C [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED**

HEAT OF COMBUSTION: -15,000 Btu/lb = 8,100 cal/g = -340X10+5 J/kg (est) [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

REVIEWED**

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: 36.28 kJ/mol at 119.4 deg C; 43.20 kJ/mol at 25 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 75th ed. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press Inc., 1994-1995., p. 6-119] **PEER REVIEWED**

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: log Kow = 0.66 [Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995., p. 25] **PEER REVIEWED**

SOLUBILITIES: SOLUBILITY IN WATER 2%; SOL IN OILS [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER

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Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, ethanol [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED**

In water, 8.37X10+4 mg/L at 25 deg C [Kawai K; J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 28: 153-160 (1988)] **PEER REVIEWED**

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES: Index of refraction: 1.3860 at 20 deg C/D [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-164] **PEER REVIEWED**

IR: 8803 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED**

MASS: 34458 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral database, 1990 version) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Raman: 22-1074 (Analytical Chemistry) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.).Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2626] **PEER REVIEWED**

SURFACE TENSION: (est) 26 dynes/cm= 0.026 N/m @ 20 Deg C [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER REVIEWED**

VAPOR DENSITY: 4.07 (Air = 1) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER

REVIEWED**

VAPOR PRESSURE: 3.37 mm Hg at 25 deg C [Hine J, Mookerjee PK; J Org Chem 40: 292-8 (1975)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Bulk density: 7 lb/gal at 20 deg C [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED**

% in saturated air at 25 deg C: 1.64; 1 ppm equiv to 4.83 mg/cu m, 1 mg/L equiv to 207 ppm at 25 deg C, 760 mm Hg [Boatman RJ, Knaak JB; Patty's Toxicology. (2005) NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ethers of Ethylene Glycol and Derivatives. On-line posting date: Apr 16, 2001.] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Liquid molar volume = 0.140833 cu m/kmol. Ideal gas heat of formation = -4.0820X10+8 J/kmol [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.] **PEER REVIEWED**

Henry's Law constant = 6.32X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 deg C (est) [SRC; The Physical Properties Database (PHYSPROP). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Res Corp. Available from, as of Dec 15, 2006: http://www.syrres.com/esc/physprop.htm ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.79X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 deg C [Porter E et al; J Phys Chem A 101: 5770-5 (1997)] **PEER REVIEWED**

CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING:

DOT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES: /GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004]

**PEER REVIEWED**/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER

REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004]

**PEER REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER

REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum

distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must begrounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004]

**PEER REVIEWED**

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adherencing to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004] **PEER

REVIEWED**

SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: Ethylene glycol diethyl ether vapor is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 176] **PEER REVIEWED**

FIRE POTENTIAL: Flammable, moderate fire risk. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED**

A VERY DANGEROUS HAZARD WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS. [Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1665] **PEER REVIEWED**

NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: Health: 2. 2= Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic) exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if personnel are provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus that provides complete eye protection. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED**

Flammability: 3. 3= This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling orextinguishing fires in such materials. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED**

Reactivity: 0. 0= This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED**

FLASH POINT: 95 DEG F (35 DEG C) (OPEN CUP) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61] **PEER REVIEWED**

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 406 DEG F (208 DEG C) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-61]

**PEER REVIEWED**

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED**

HAZARDOUS REACTIVITIES & INCOMPATIBILITIES: Forms explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Able to form peroxides. Also incompatible with strong acids, aluminum and its alloys. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Glycol ethers, glycols, ketones, and alcohols undergo violent decomposition in contact with 68-72% perchloric acid [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 491-142] **PEER REVIEWED**

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & CLOTHING: Protective goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. [U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Manual Two. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct., 1978.] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Glove manufacturers have recommended gloves of neoprene or nitrile butyl rubber construction for protection against liquid ethylene glycol diethyl ether. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED**

Where the potential exists for exposure to ethylene glycol diethyl ether, use a ...NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepieceoperated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a ...NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED**

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED**

PREVENTIVE MEASURES: If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water to spray to knock-down vapors. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED**

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. [Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 403] **PEER REVIEWED**

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED**

SHIPMENT METHODS AND REGULATIONS: No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./ [49 CFR

171.2; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of February 15, 2006: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ ] **PEER REVIEWED**

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrierregulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. [International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 47th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2006., p. 188]

**PEER REVIEWED**

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. [International Maritime Organization. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. London, UK. 2004., p. 48] **PEER REVIEWED**

STORAGE CONDITIONS: Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Ethylene glycol diethyl ether must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine and fluorine) and strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric) since violent reactions occur. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where ethylene glycol diethyl ether is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of ethylene glycol diethyl ether should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of ethylene glycol diethyl ether. Wherever ethylene glycol diethyl ether is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091] **PEER REVIEWED**

CLEANUP METHODS: Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. Keep ethylene glycol diethyl ether out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. [Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1091]

**PEER REVIEWED**

DISPOSAL METHODS: SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact onair quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. **PEER REVIEWED**

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS:

MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION:

MAJOR USES:

INERT REACTION MEDIUM **PEER REVIEWED**

SOLVENT FOR ESTER GUM, SHELLAC AND SOME RESINS AND OILS [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 612] **PEER REVIEWED**

Organic synthesis (reaction medium), solvent and diluent for detergents [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465] **PEER REVIEWED**

Dye solvents in non-grain raising stains [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V21 484] **PEER REVIEWED**

MANUFACTURERS: Ferro Corp., 1000 Lakeside Ave., P.O. Box 14700, Cleveland, OH 44114-7000, (216) 641-6580; Performance and Fine Chemicals Group, Grant Chemical Div., 111 West Irene Rd., Zachary, LA 70791, (225) 654-6801; Production site: Baton Rouge, LA 70821 [SRI Consulting. 2006 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, p. 552] **PEER REVIEWED**

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING:

REACTION OF AN ALKALI METAL ALCOHOLATE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

WITH AN ETHYL HALIDE **PEER REVIEWED**

1. AS BY-PRODUCT IN REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE WITH A MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL.

2. BY REACTING DIALKYL SULFATE WITH ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER. [Browning, E. Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. New York: American Elsevier, 1965., p. 613] **PEER REVIEWED**

/Glycol ethers/ are produced by reacting ethylene oxide with alcohols in the presence of either an acid or base catalyst. Temperature, pressure, mole ratios of reactants and catalysts are chosen to yield the desired product. High ratios of alcohol to ethylene oxide are used when ethers of ethylene glycol are desired [CHEMICAL PROFILE: Glycol Ethers, 1983]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Ethylene glycol monoethers are usually produced by reaction of ethylene oxide with the appropriate alcohol. A mixture of homologues is obtained ... The glycol monoethers can be converted to diethers by alkylation with common alkylating agents, such as dimethyl sulfate or alkyl halides ( Williamson synthesis). Glycol dimethyl ethers are formed by treatment of dimethyl ether with ethylene oxide. /Glycol ethers/ [Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V12 601 (2003)] **PEER REVIEWED**

GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION:Ethylene glycol derivatives, mainly the ethers and esters, are frequently employed as reaction media, as absorption fluids, and as solvents for dyes, lacquers, and various cellulose products (cellulose esters, ethers, and nitrocellulose). [Rebsdat S; Mayer D; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Ethylene Glyocol. Online Posting Date: Jun 15, 2000.] **PEER REVIEWED**

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: Aprotic solvent packed under Nitrogen typically 98.5% pure, with 5 ppm peroxide and 300 ppm water /Ferro Corp, Grant Chemical Div/ [Kuney, J.H., J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994., p. 78] **PEER REVIEWED**

Ansul E-22 /Specialty Chem Products Corp/ [CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1986 p.80]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Grade: Technical. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465]

**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. PRODUCTION: (1972) PROBABLY LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED**

(1975) PROBABLY LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS **PEER REVIEWED**

(2006) 1,612 million lb annual capacity /Glycol ethers/ [SRI Consulting. 2006 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, p. 657] **PEER REVIEWED**

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. Year Production Range (pounds) 1986 No Reports 1990 10 thousand - 500 thousand 1994 No Reports 1998 No Reports 2002 No Reports [US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Ethane, 1,2-diethoxy- (629-14-1). Available from, as of March 6, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.htm ] **PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. EXPORTS: (1983) 5.90X10+11 g /Ethylene glycol ethers/ [CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Glycol Ethers, 1983] **PEER REVIEWED**

LABORATORY METHODS:

ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS: A monitoring method based on solvent extraction of adsorbed target glymes followed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry GC -MS analysis was developed for ... ethylene glycol diethyl ether. The best recoveries of target glymes were achieved when using a combination of sample collection medium of graphitised carbon black (GCB) with a solvent mixture of methylene chloride and methanol (95/5, v/v). Method detection /limit was/ ... 13.2 microg/cu m for ethylene glycol diethyl ether ... . Using this method ... diethylene glycol diethyl ether /was/ ... detected and measured successfully in diluted vehicle exhausts in diesel fuel engine tests. [Cao XL, Zhu J; Chemosphere 45(6-7): 911-7 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a

href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list_uids=11695613"target=new>PubMed Abstract

SPECIAL REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS:

SYNONYMS: 1,2-DIETHOXYETHANE [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED**

DIETHYLCELLOSOLVE [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 1109] **PEER REVIEWED**

ETHANE, 1,2-DIETHOXY- [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED**

1,2-ETHANEDIOL, DIETHYL ETHER [Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-294] **PEER REVIEWED**

2-ETHOXYETHYL ETHYL ETHER **PEER REVIEWED**

ETHYL GLYME [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 84/8312] **PEER

REVIEWED**

GLYME-1 [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED**

EGdiEE [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED**

3.6-dioxaoctane [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 175] **PEER REVIEWED**

FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: Aprotic solvent packed under Nitrogen typically 98.5% pure, with 5 ppm peroxide and 300 ppm water /Ferro Corp, Grant Chemical Div/ [Kuney, J.H., J.M. Mullican (eds.). Chemcyclopedia. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994., p. 78] **PEER REVIEWED**

Ansul E-22 /Specialty Chem Products Corp/ [CHEMCYCLOPEDIA 1986 p.80]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Grade: Technical. [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 465]

**PEER REVIEWED**

SHIPPING NAME/ NUMBER DOT/UN/NA/IMO:UN 1153; Diethyl cellosolve; ethylene glycol diethyl ether

IMO 3.3; Diethyl cellosolve; ethylene glycol diethyl ether

STANDARD TRANSPORTATION NUMBER: 49 131 15; Ethylene glycol diethyl ether

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATABANK NUMBER: 71

LAST REVISION DATE: 20071011 LAST REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 5/14/2007

UPDATE HISTORY: Complete Update on 2007-10-11, 52 fields added/edited/deleted Field Update on 2007-02-26, 1 fields added/edited/deleted Complete Update on 03/05/2003, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 10/31/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 6 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/25/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/27/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/17/1997, 44 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 11/03/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 11/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/11/1994, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/10/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 01/28/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 11/09/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/13/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/24/1987 Created 19830401 by SYS