Watershed management

contributions to land stewardship:

A literature review

Malchus B. Baker, Jr., Peter F. Ffolliott, Carleton B. Edminster,

Karen L. Mora, and Madelyn C. Dillon

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Rocky Mountain

Research Station

General Technical

Report

RMRS–GTR–71WWW

December 2000
Baker, Malchus B., Jr.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Edminster, Carleton B.; Mora, Karen L.; and Dillon,

Madelyn C., compilers. 2000. Watershed Management Contributions to Land Stewardship: A

literature review. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-71WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 60 p.

Abstract

An international conference to increase people’s awareness of the contributions that watershed

management can make to future land stewardship was held in Tucson, Arizona, March 13-16,

2000. This bibliography is a compilation of the synthesis and poster papers presented at the

conference along with the literature cited in these papers on watershed research projects, applied

watershed management activities, and technology transfer mechanisms. This publication furnishes a literature basis for researchers, managers, decision-makers, educators, students, and

lay persons with a keen interest in watershed management and better land stewardship in the

future. The proceedings from this conference, entitled “Land Stewardship in the 21st Century: The

Contributions of Watershed Management,” may be found on the Rocky Mountain Research

Station’s World Wide Web pages at www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/stewardship.html.

Keywords: Watershed management, ecosystem management, watershed research, applied

watershed management

The Authors

Malchus B. Baker, Jr. is a hydrologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff,

Arizona.

Peter F. Ffolliott is a professor at the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of

Arizona, Tucson.

Carleton B. Edminster is a project leader with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff,

Arizona.

Karen L. Mora is a visual information specialist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Fort

Collins, Colorado.

Madelyn C. Dillon is a technical publication editor with Content Analysis Enterprise Team, Fort

Collins, Colorado.

You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your

mailing information in label form through one of the following

media. Please send the publication title and number.

Telephone (970) 498-1392

E-mail rschneider@fs.fed.us

FAX (970) 498-1396

Mailing Address Publications Distribution

Rocky Mountain Research Station

240 West Prospect Road

Fort Collins, CO 80526-2098
Contents

Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1

Watershed Management Perspectives ............................................................. 1

Issues to be Confronted in the 21st Century ..................................................... 6

Case Studies ..................................................................................................... 11

A Retrospective Viewpoint ................................................................................ 20

Watershed Management Contributions to Future Land Stewardship ................ 31

Future Protocals ................................................................................................ 35

Watershed-Related Research Projects ............................................................. 39

Vegetation Relationships .............................................................................. 39

Erosion and Sedimentation Processes ......................................................... 41

Riparian Ecosystems and Wetlands ............................................................. 42

Fire Effects .................................................................................................... 46

Simulation Techniques and Mathematical Modeling ..................................... 47

Research Support Programs ........................................................................ 48

Applied Watershed Management Activities ....................................................... 49

Vegetation Management Practices ............................................................... 49

Erosion and Sedimentation Controls ............................................................. 51

Riparian Ecosystems and Wetlands ............................................................. 52

Fire ................................................................................................................ 52

Operational Managment Programs ............................................................... 54

Technology Transfer Mechanisms .................................................................... 57

Geographic Information Systems .................................................................. 57

World Wide Web ........................................................................................... 58

Watershed Management Contributions to

Land Stewardship: A Literature Review

Malchus B. Baker, Jr., Peter F. Ffolliott, Carleton B. Edminster,

Karen L. Mora, and Madelyn C. Dillon
RMRS-GTR-71WWW. January 2001 1

Introduction

The effectiveness of land stewardship must be

enhanced to meet a growing population’s need for

conservation, sustainable development, and use of

natural resources. Ecosystem-based, multiple-use

oriented land stewardship is necessary when considering the present and future uses of land, water,

and other natural resources on an operationally

efficient scale. Holistically planned and carefully

implemented watershed management practices

and programs will always be needed to meet the

increasing demands for commodities and amenities,

clear water, open space, and uncluttered landscapes.

An international conference was held in Tucson, Arizona, on March 13 to 16, 2000, to examine

this need. The primary purpose of the conference

was to increase people’s awareness of the contributions that watershed management can make to

future land stewardship in the United States and

internationally. Invited synthesis papers were presented by 35 speakers from research institutes,

management agencies, and educational organizations in the United States and internationally. More

than 50 poster papers on watershed research

projects, applied watershed management activities,

and technology transfer mechanisms complemented

the synthesis papers to broaden the conference scope.

Proceedings of the conference, entitled “Land

Stewardship in the 21st Century: The Contributions of Watershed Management,” were published

by and are available from the USDA Forest Service,

Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526. These proceedings are also available on the Rocky Mountain

Research Station’s World Wide Web pages at

www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/stewardship.html. This

bibliography is a compilation of the synthesis and

poster papers presented at the conference along

with the literature cited in these papers. This publication furnishes a literature basis for researchers,

managers, decision-makers, educators, students,

and lay persons with a keen interest in watershed

management and better land stewardship in the

future.

Citations of the bibliography are listed alphabetically by author in categories corresponding to

the plenary sessions of the conference. These sessions included the following topics:

• Watershed management perspectives,

• Issues to be confronted in the 21st century,

• A retrospective viewpoint of past lessons

learned,

• Case studies,

• Watershed management contributions to

future land stewardship, and

• Future protocols.

Technical themes of the poster papers included the

following categories:

• Watershed-related research projects,

• Applied watershed management activities,

and

• Technology transfer mechanisms.

Watershed Management

Perspectives

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World Wide Web, [1999, May 5]. [Online]. Available: http://www.w3.org/
The Rocky Mountain Research Station develops scientific information

and technology to improve management, protection, and use of forests

and rangelands. Research is designed to meet the needs of National

Forest managers, federal and state agencies, public and private

organizations, academic institutions, industry, and individuals.

Studies accelerate solutions to problems involving ecosystems,

range, forests, water, recreation, fire, resource inventory, land

reclamation, community sustainability, forest engineering technology,

multiple use economics, wildlife and fish habitat, and forest insects and

diseases. Studies are conducted cooperatively, and applications can

be found worldwide.

Research Locations

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80526

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