A Technical Document Supporting the

2000 USDA Forest Service RPA Assessment

A Technical Document Supporting the

2000 USDA Forest Service RPA Assessment

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE

TONY ONY G. JOHNSON OHNSON, EDITOR DITOR

UNITED STATES TIMBER INDUSTRY–AN

ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER PRODUCT

OUTPUT AND USE, 1996

UNITED STATES TIMBER INDUSTRY–AN

ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER PRODUCT

OUTPUT AND USE, 1996
The Editor:

Tony G. Johnson is a Forester with the Forest Inventory and

Analysis Research Work Unit, Southern Research Station, U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28802.

Cover photograph courtesy of Forest Operations Research Unit,

Southern Research Station—The photo shows a conventional

southern logging system.

September 2001

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802
i

United States Timber Industry—An

Assessment of Timber Product

Output and Use, 1996

Tony G. Johnson, Editor
ii
iii

Table of Contents

Page

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. v

Chapter 1: The United States................................................................................................................... 1

Tony G. Johnson, John S. Vissage, and Daniel P. Stratton

Chapter 2: The Northeast Region ........................................................................................................... 17

Eric H. Wharton and Richard H. Whidman

Chapter 3: The North Central Region .................................................................................................... 23

Dennis May and Ron Piva

Chapter 4: The Southern Region ............................................................................................................ 29

Tony G. Johnson and John S. Vissage

Chapter 5: The Rocky Mountains Region .............................................................................................. 35

Charles E. Keegan III, Robert Campbell, and Al Chase

Chapter 6: The Pacific Coast Region...................................................................................................... 41

Bert Mead and Bruce Hiserote

Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................... 46

References................................................................................................................................................. 46

Appendix 1

Tables 1.1—1.12 .................................................................................................................................... 47

Tables 2.1—2.12 .................................................................................................................................... 70

Tables 3.1—3.12 .................................................................................................................................... 83

Tables 4.1—4.12 .................................................................................................................................... 94

Tables 5.1—5.12 .................................................................................................................................... 107

Tables 6.1—6.12 .................................................................................................................................... 120

Appendix 2

Timber Product Output Database Retrieval System .............................................................................. 131

Study Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 131

List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 132

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ 136

Species Listing .......................................................................................................................................... 141

Definition of Terms .................................................................................................................................. 142
iv
v

Executive Summary

This report details national and regional timber removals, product output, and mill residue data compiled for the calendar year

1996 from the Timber Product Output Database Retrieval System. The database was established in November 1997 using data

from the latest timber product output (TPO) studies available for each State and is the basis for the TPO estimates reported in

the 1997 Resources Planning Act (RPA) assessment of the Nation’s forests. This report is composed of six chapters. The first

chapter deals with the Nation’s timber removals and product output, while the remaining chapters deal with the five RPA

regions—the Northeast, North Central, Southern, Rocky Mountains, and Pacific Coast.

Nationwide, roundwood product output totaled 16.4 billion cubic feet, 8 percent less than in 1991. Saw logs were the leading

industrial roundwood product at 7.1 billion cubic feet, pulpwood ranked second at 5.2 billion cubic feet, and veneer logs were

third at 1.3 billion cubic feet. Fuelwood accounted for another 2.3 billion cubic feet, 14 percent of the Nation’s total roundwood

production. Softwood species made up 61 percent of product output. Nonindustrial private forest owners supplied 60 percent of

the Nation’s roundwood products. Mill byproducts generated from primary manufacturers totaled 6.1 billion cubic feet. Mill

residues were used primarily for fuel and fiber products; only 2 percent was not used for products. In addition to roundwood

output for products, logging residues at 3.4 billion cubic feet, and other removals at 1.4 billion cubic feet, put total removals

from the Nation’s forests at 21.2 billion cubic feet.

The South accounted for 58 percent of the Nation’s roundwood products and had 7 of the top 10 producing States. The

Northeast and North Central Regions each supplied 11 percent of those products, while the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast

Regions supplied 4 and 16 percent, respectively. Product output from the Northeast Region declined by 20 percent, from 2.2 to

1.8 billion cubic feet. Most of the decline came from a drop in fuelwood production. The volume of roundwood products

produced in the North Central Region declined by 10 percent, from 1.9 to 1.7 billion cubic feet. This decline also was primarily

in fuelwood production. Timber product output in the South increased 11 percent, from 8.6 to 9.6 billion cubic feet; and

increases occurred in every major product category. The Rocky Mountains Region had a 27-percent decline in roundwood

products from 938 to 688 million cubic feet, while product output from the Pacific Coast Region declined 37 percent to 2.5

billion cubic feet. The Pacific Coast Region had substantial declines in all product categories.

Keywords: Harvest, pulpwood, removals, residues, roundwood, saw logs, veneer logs.
1

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

The United States

Tony G. Johnson, John S. Vissage, and Daniel P. Stratton1

Output of Timber Products

• Between 1991 and 1996, timber product output (TPO)

from roundwood declined 1.5 billion cubic feet, or 8

percent, from 17.9 to 16.4 billion cubic feet. Only the

Southern Region experienced an increase in roundwood

production during this period, 11 percent. The largest

decline occurred in the Pacific Coast Region, 37

percent.

• Output of softwood roundwood products was down 10

percent to 10 billion cubic feet, while output of hardwood roundwood products declined 5 percent to 6.4

billion cubic feet (fig. 1.1).

• Saw logs and pulpwood were the principal roundwood

products in 1996. Combined, they totaled 12.4 billion

cubic feet and accounted for 75 percent of the Nation’s

total roundwood output (fig. 1.2).

1

 Forester, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville,

NC; Research Forester, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS; Biological

Scientist, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville,

NC, respectively.

Figure 1.1—United States roundwood production for all products by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• Product output by source, ownership, and detailed

species group was estimated using the most recent

inventory data for each State.

• Growing-stock volume from timberland sources, which

included sawtimber and poletimber, accounted for 84

percent of total roundwood output. Nongrowing stock

or other sources contributed an estimated 2.6 billion

cubic feet, or 16 percent, of total roundwood output

(fig. 1.3).

• Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands accounted for

60 percent, or 9.8 billion cubic feet, of the total roundwood output. Forest industry lands contributed 4.7

billion cubic feet, or 28 percent, of the output. Public

lands made up the remaining 12 percent, or 1.9 billion

cubic feet (fig. 1.4).

Figure 1.2—United States roundwood production by type of product,

1996.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Other

industrial

2%

Fuelwood

14%

Pulpwood

32%

Veneer

logs

8%

Composite

panels

1%

Saw

logs

43%

Total 16.4 billion cubic feet
2

The United States

• Of softwood species, the loblolly-shortleaf pine group

provided the most volume, accounting for 44 percent, or

4.4 billion cubic feet, of the total softwood output. The

Douglas-fir type and the longleaf-slash type accounted

for 12 and 13 percent, respectively (fig. 1.5).

• Of hardwood species, the red oak and white oak groups

accounted for 2.5 billion cubic feet, or 39 percent, of

total hardwood output. Sweetgum and aspen each

accounted for 8 percent and yellow-poplar accounted

for 6 percent of total hardwood output (fig. 1.6).

Forest

industry

28%

Other

public

6%

National

forest

6%

Nonindustrial

 private

60%

Total 16.4 billion cubic feet

Figure 1.4—United States roundwood production by ownership, 1996.

Figure 1.5—United States roundwood production by softwood species

group, 1996.

Loblolly–

shortleaf

pine

44%

Douglas–

fir

12%

Other

softwoods

15%

Ponderosa–

Jeffery

pine

4%

Longleaf–

slash

pine

13% Other

pines

12%

Total 10.0 billion cubic feet

Poletimber

20%

Other

16%

Sawtimber

64%

Total 16.4 billion cubic feet

Figure 1.3—United States roundwood production by source, 1996.

Figure 1.6—United States roundwood production by hardwood species

group, 1996.

Oaks

39%

Maples

9%

Aspen

8%

Sweetgum

8%

Hickory

4%

Blackgumtupelo

3%

Other

hardwoods

24%

Yellowpoplar

6%

Total 6.4 billion cubic feet
3

Chapter 1

Figure 1.7—Roundwood production for all products by State and broad species group, 1996.

• Seven of the 10 top-producing States were in the Southern Region, 3 were in the Pacific Coast Region (fig.

1.7). The South supplied 58 percent of the Nation’s

TPO, the North 22 percent, and the West 20 percent

(fig. 1.8).

• Figure 1.9 displays county-level intensity of roundwood

harvests for all products across the United States. The

data are depicted in cubic feet harvested per acre of

census land area. Counties with the highest harvest

intensity are depicted in the darker colors. Those

counties in red and purple had harvest rates between 40

and 60, and more than 60 cubic feet per acre,

respectively. The Northeast and Northwest Regions

along with the Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas of the

South obviously are the most intensively harvested of

the Nation.

Saw Logs

• At 7.1 billion cubic feet, saw logs accounted for 43

percent of the Nation’s total roundwood products in

1996. Softwood saw-log output declined 5 percent, from

5.4 to 5.1 billion cubic feet (28.7 billion board feet),

while hardwood saw-log output increased more than 2

percent to 2 billion cubic feet (11.9 billion board feet)

between 1991 and 1996 (fig. 1.10) (see page 5).

• Growing stock accounted for 94 percent of saw-log

production, with 6.7 billion cubic feet. Other sources,

e.g., nonforest trees, stumps, and tops, added another

408 million cubic feet to saw-log output nationwide.

Figure 1.8—United States roundwood production by region, 1996.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Louisiana

Arkansas

California

Texas

Oregon

Washington

North Carolina

Mississippi

Alabama

Georgia

State

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Southern

58%

Pacific Coast

16%

Rocky

Mountains

4%

Northeast

11%

North

Central

11%

Total 16.4 billion cubic feet 
4

The United States

Figure 1.9—Intensity of roundwood harvest for all products in the United States by county, 1996.
5

Chapter 1

• The NIPF owners supplied 4.0 billion cubic feet, or 57

percent, of saw-log output. Forest industry supplied 30

percent and public lands the remaining 13 percent.

• Softwoods accounted for 72 percent of saw-log

production. The loblolly-shortleaf pine group accounted

for 39 percent of softwood output. The Douglas-fir and

longleaf-slash pine types accounted for 17 and 10

percent, respectively.

• The red oak and white oak groups dominated hardwood

saw-log output, contributing 45 percent of total

hardwood production.

• Washington led the Nation in total saw-log production

with 614 million cubic feet. Oregon and Georgia

followed with 607 and 552 million cubic feet,

respectively (fig. 1.11).

• Figure 1.12 displays county-level intensity of saw-log

harvests across the United States. Counties in red and

purple had harvest rates between 15 and 20, and more

than 20 cubic feet per acre, respectively. The Northwest

and the South were the two most intensively harvested

areas for saw logs.

Pulpwood

• Pulpwood production, which included composite panel

production in the North Central Region, increased 193

million cubic feet, or 4 percent, to 5.2 billion cubic feet

and accounted for 32 percent of the Nation’s total

roundwood TPO.

• Softwood output declined 7 percent to 2.9 billion cubic

feet (38.6 billion cords), and hardwood output increased

20 percent to 2.4 billion cubic feet (28.2 billion cords)

(fig. 1.13) (see page 7).

Figure 1.11—Roundwood saw-log production by State and broad species group, 1996.

Figure 1.10—United States roundwood saw-log production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

South Carolina

Texas

Arkansas

North Carolina

Alabama

Mississippi

California

Georgia

Oregon

Washington

State

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
6

The United States

Figure 1.12—Intensity of roundwood saw-log harvest in the United States by county, 1996.
7

Chapter 1

• Growing-stock sources accounted for 88 percent of

pulpwood production, or 4.6 billion cubic feet. For the

industrial products, pulpwood typically had the highest

proportion of nongrowing-stock material such as tops,

limbs, and stumps.

• The NIPF owners accounted for 61 percent of pulpwood

output, while forest industry lands accounted for 30

percent. Public lands supplied the remaining 9 percent.

• Softwoods accounted for 55 percent of the pulpwood

production in 1996, compared with 61 percent in 1991.

The loblolly-shortleaf pine and longleaf-slash pine

groups made up 56 and 21 percent of softwood output,

respectively.

• The proportion of pulpwood production in hardwoods

continued to grow, from 15 percent in 1952 to 39

percent in 1991, and 45 percent in 1996. This represents

a 20-percent increase between 1991 and 1996. Oaks

accounted for 35 percent of hardwood output, sweetgum

and aspen accounted for 12 and 8 percent, respectively.

• Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi led the Nation in

pulpwood production. Nine of the 10 top pulpwoodproducing States were in the Southern Region (fig.

1.14).

• Figure 1.15 displays county-level intensity of

roundwood harvests for pulpwood across the United

States. Counties in red and purple had harvest rates

between 20 and 30, and more than 30 cubic feet per

acre, respectively. The upper Midwest region, the far

Northeast, and the South are all intensively managed for

harvest and pulpwood production.

Figure 1.13—United States roundwood pulpwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 1.14—Roundwood pulpwood production by State and broad species group, 1996.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Texas

Arkansas

Maine

Louisiana

South Carolina

Florida

North Carolina

Mississippi

Georgia

Alabama

State

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
8

The United States

Figure 1.15—Intensity of roundwood pulpwood harvest in the United States by county, 1996.
9

Chapter 1

Veneer Logs

• Output of veneer logs in 1996 totaled 1.3 billion cubic

feet, accounting for 8 percent of the Nation’s total

roundwood TPO volume.

• Softwood veneer production declined 10 percent, to 1.1

billion cubic feet (6.6 billion board feet), while output

of hardwood veneer logs increased 28 percent, from 123

million cubic feet in 1991 to 158 million cubic feet (977

million board feet) in 1996 (fig. 1.16).

• Approximately 95 percent of veneer-log production was

from growing-stock sources.

• Fifty-two percent of veneer production came from NIPF

lands, about one-third came from forest industry lands.

• The loblolly-shortleaf pine group accounted for 55 percent of softwood veneer production, while Douglas-fir

from the Pacific Coast Region accounted for another 21

percent.

• Texas, Oregon, and Louisiana led the Nation in veneerlog production, accounting for 41 percent of the

Nation’s total veneer output (fig. 1.17).

• Figure 1.18 displays county-level intensity of roundwood harvests for veneer across the United States.

Counties in red and purple had harvest rates between

5 and 10, and more than 10 cubic feet per acre,

respectively. Counties in the Northwest, along with

counties in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, had the

highest intensity of veneer harvest.

Figure 1.16—United States roundwood veneer production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 1.17—Roundwood veneer production by State and broad species group, 1996.

0 50 100 150 200 250

South Carolina

Mississippi

North Carolina

Arkansas

Georgia

Alabama

Washington

Louisiana

Oregon

Texas

State

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
10

The United States

Figure 1.18—Intensity of roundwood veneer harvest in the United States by county, 1996.
11

Chapter 1

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested for other industrial products such

as poles, posts, composite panels, and all other industrial

uses, excluding composite panel production from the

North Central Region, totaled 504 million cubic feet, a

46-percent decline from that reported in 1991. Other

industrial products only accounted for 3 percent of the

Nation’s total roundwood output.

• Softwood output declined 52 percent to 399 million

cubic feet, while hardwood output decreased 2 percent

to 105 million cubic feet (fig. 1.19).

Domestic Fuelwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested for

domestic fuelwood declined 28 percent, from 3.2 to 2.3

billion cubic feet. Despite this large drop in output,

fuelwood still accounted for 14 percent of the Nation’s

total roundwood production.

• Softwood fuelwood declined 19 percent to 493 million

cubic feet, while hardwood fuelwood dropped 31

percent to 1.8 billion cubic feet (fig. 1.21).

• Growing stock made up 90 percent of the other

industrial output.

• Fifty-nine percent of the other industrial volume was

harvested from private lands.

• The loblolly-shortleaf pine group made up 28 percent of

the softwood used for other industrial products, while

aspen made up 62 percent of the hardwood used for

other industrial products.

• Figure 1.20 (see page 12) displays county-level intensity

of roundwood harvests for other industrial products

across the United States. Counties in red and purple had

other industrial product harvests between 1 and 3, and

more than 3 cubic feet per acre, respectively.

Figure 1.21—United States roundwood fuelwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• In contrast to industrial products, nongrowing-stock

sources made up the majority of the fuelwood harvest,

at 65 percent.

• The NIPF lands accounted for more than two-thirds of

the fuelwood volume.

• Hardwood made up more than three-fourths of the total

fuelwood harvested with the red oak and white oak

groups making up 41 percent of the hardwood volume.

• Figure 1.22 (see page 13) displays county-level intensity

of roundwood harvests for domestic fuelwood across the

United States. Counties in red and purple had fuelwood

harvests between 4 and 8, and more than 8 cubic feet

per acre, respectively. The greatest intensity of fuelwood

harvest was along the east and west coasts and

population centers of the upper Midwest.

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 1.19—United States roundwood production for other industrial

products by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).
12

The United States

Figure 1.20—Intensity of roundwood other industrial products harvest in the United States by county, 1996.
13

Chapter 1Figure 1.22—Intensity of roundwood fuelwood harvest in the United States by county, 1996.
14

The United States

Other

removals

7%

Logging

residues

16%

Roundwood

products

77%

Total 21.2 billion cubic feet

Figure 1.23—United States timber removals by source, 1996.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

South Carolina

Louisiana

Oregon

Arkansas

Texas

Was hington

North Carolina

Mississippi

Alabama

Georgia

State

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 1.24—Timber removals by State and broad species group, 1996.

All Removals

• In addition to roundwood output for products, logging

residues and other removals were calculated for an

estimate of total removals. Total removals from all

sources amounted to 21.2 billion cubic feet nationwide

when combined with logging residues and other

removals. This is a 7-percent decline from the 22.9

billion cubic feet of total removals in 1991.

• Logging residues from all sources amounted to 3.4

billion cubic feet, or 16 percent of total removals. Other

timber removals from all sources, mostly timberland

clearing for other land uses, totaled 1.4 billion cubic

feet, or 7 percent of total removals (fig. 1.23).

• Georgia ranked number one in the Nation at 1.8 billion

cubic feet of total removals, followed by Alabama and

Mississippi at 1.6 and 1.4 billion cubic feet, respectively

(fig. 1.24).

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in mills

nationwide generated 6.1 billion cubic feet (91.6 million

dry tons) of wood and bark residues. Coarse residues

from all industrial roundwood products amounted to 2.6

billion cubic feet, while bark volume totaled 1.6 billion

cubic feet. Fine materials made up of sawdust and

shavings accounted for 30 percent of total residues, or

1.8 billion cubic feet (fig. 1.25).
15

Chapter 1

• Virtually all of the wood and bark residues were

utilized; only 2 percent of the residues nationwide were

not used for a byproduct, while 43 percent of the

residues were used for industrial or domestic fuelwood

(fig. 1.26).

Sawdust and

shavings

30%

Bark

27%

Coarse

43%

Total 6.1 billion cubic feet

Figure 1.25—United States primary mill residue by residue type, 1996.

Miscellaneous 

14%

Not

used

2%

Fuelwood

products

43%

Fiber

products

41%

Total 6.1 billion cubic feet

Figure 1.26—United States disposal of residue by product, 1996.

• More than 2.0 billion cubic feet, or 78 percent, of the

coarse residues were used for fiber products. Most of

the bark was used as industrial fuel or miscellaneous

products, while 55 percent of the fine residues, or

sawdust and shavings, were used as industrial fuel.
16

The Northeast Region
17

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

The Northeast Region

Eric H.Wharton and Richard H. Whidman2

2

 Foresters, USDA Forest Service, Northeast Research Station, Newtown

Square, PA, respectively.

Figure 2.1—Northeast roundwood production for all products by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 2.2—Northeast roundwood production by type of product, 1996.

Output of Timber Products

• In 1996, timber product output (TPO) from the

Northeast Region (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and

West Virginia) totaled 1.8 billion cubic feet. This region

with 16 percent of the Nation’s timberland area

accounted for 11 percent of the Nation’s roundwood

production.

• Between 1991 and 1996, TPO from roundwood

declined by 20 percent, from 2.2 to 1.8 billion cubic

feet.

• The Northeast Region primarily produced hardwood

products. Output of hardwood roundwood products

declined 21 percent to 1.2 billion cubic feet, while

output of softwood roundwood products declined by 16

percent to 545 million cubic feet (fig. 2.1).

• Saw logs and pulpwood were the principal roundwood

products in 1996. The combined output of these two

products totaled 1.2 billion cubic feet, and accounted for

70 percent of the region’s total roundwood output (fig.

2.2).

• Growing-stock volume from timberland sources, which

included sawtimber and poletimber, accounted for 65

percent of total roundwood output. Nongrowing stock

or other sources contributed an estimated 623 million

cubic feet, or 35 percent of total roundwood output (fig.

2.3).

• Compared to the Nation, nonindustrial private forest

(NIPF) lands in the Northeast accounted for a greater

proportion of total output than any other region. Almost

73 percent, or 1.3 billion cubic feet, of the total roundwood output came from these lands. Forest industry

lands contributed 344 million cubic feet, or 19 percent,

of the output. Public lands made up the remaining 8

percent, or 137 million cubic feet (fig. 2.4).

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Other

industrial

2%

Fuelwood

26%

Pulpwood

30%

Veneer

logs

2%

Composite panels

<1%

Saw

logs

40%

Total 1.8 billion cubic feet
18

The Northeast Region

Figure 2.4—Northeast roundwood production by ownership, 1996.

Figure 2.3—Northeast roundwood production by source, 1996.

Figure 2.6—Northeast roundwood production by hardwood species group,

1996.

• Fir, hemlock, and white pine were the leading softwood

species, accounting for 75 percent, or 409 million cubic

feet, of the total softwood output. However, all softwoods combined accounted for only 31 percent of total

output (fig. 2.5).

• Hardwood output was fairly evenly distributed among a

number of species. However, select red oak output was

double that of other species, accounting for almost 200

million cubic feet, or 16 percent, of total hardwood

output. All oaks combined accounted for 31 percent of

total hardwood output. Hard maples (primarily sugar

maple) and yellow-poplar each accounted for 7 percent,

and soft maples (primarily red maple) accounted for 6

percent of hardwood output (fig. 2.6).

Poletimber

8%

Other

35%

Sawtimber

57%

Total 1.8 billion cubic feet

Nonindustrial

private

73%

National

forest

2%

Forest

industry

19%

Other

public

6%

Total 1.8 billion cubic feet

Other

pines

5% Other

softwoods

2%

Spruce

12%

Red pine

3%

Hemlock

19%

True

firs

27%

Loblollyshortleaf

pine

3%

White

pine

29%

Total 545 million cubic feet

Ash

3%

Other

hardwoods

43%

Oaks

31%

Hard

maple

7%

Soft

maple

6%

Yellowpoplar

7%

Aspen

3%

Total 1.2 billion cubic feet

Figure 2.5—Northeast roundwood production by softwood species group,

1996.
19

Chapter 2

Figure 2.7—Northeast roundwood saw-log production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 2.8—Northeast roundwood pulpwood production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Saw Logs

• Saw logs accounted for 40 percent, or 714 million cubic

feet, of the region’s total roundwood products. Output of

softwood saw logs declined by 12 percent, from 295 to

259 million cubic feet (1.6 billion board feet). The output of hardwood saw logs, however, not only increased,

but was almost double that of softwoods. Hardwood

saw-log products increased 19 percent, from 382 to 455

million cubic feet (3.0 billion board feet) (fig. 2.7).

• Maine led the Northeast in saw-log production, with

over 200 million cubic feet (1.3 million board feet), or

28 percent. Two other States contributed significantly—

Pennsylvania, 20 percent, and West Virginia, 17 percent.

These three States accounted for 65 percent of the

region’s saw-log output.

Pulpwood

• Pulpwood production increased very little between 1991

and 1996, nearly 2.0 million cubic feet. It increased

from 522 to 524 million cubic feet, less than 1 percent.

However, it accounted for 30 percent of the region’s

total roundwood output. Softwood pulpwood output

declined by 32 million cubic feet, or 13 percent, while

hardwood pulpwood output made up for that, as it

increased by an almost equal amount, 34 million cubic

feet, or 12 percent (fig. 2.8).

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• More than 85 percent of total saw-log production came

from growing stock. Softwood growing stock accounted

for 80 percent of softwood saw-log production, while

hardwood growing stock accounted for 88 percent of

hardwood saw-log production.

• In terms of ownership, NIPF owners comprised the bulk

of saw-log output. They accounted for 76 percent of

total saw-log output, or 540 million cubic feet (3.5

million board feet). Most of the remainder came from

forest industry lands, 131 million cubic feet (841

million board feet).

• Oaks, maples, and yellow-poplar accounted for most of

the hardwood saw-log output. Fir and white pine

accounted for most of the softwood saw-log output.

Hemlock, a leading softwood species in terms of total

output, accounted for less in terms of saw-log output

because it is not used as frequently for saw logs.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Growing stock accounted for 80 percent of the pulpwood production. Approximately 119 million cubic feet

(1.4 million cords) came from poletimber-sized trees.

• Almost all of the pulpwood output came from privately

owned lands. The NIPF owners accounted for 65 percent of pulpwood output, and forest industry lands

accounted for 29 percent.

• Softwoods accounted for 41 percent and hardwoods

accounted for 59 percent of total pulpwood output.

Hemlock was the leading softwood species, accounting

for 24 percent of the softwood pulpwood output.
20

The Northeast Region

Figure 2.10—Northeast roundwood production for other industrial

products by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).

Figure 2.9—Northeast roundwood veneer production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• The greatest proportion of pulpwood production in the

Northeast was centered in a single State. Maine

accounted for 51 percent of the region’s total pulpwood

output, or 265 million cubic feet (3.1 million cords).

Veneer Logs

• Veneer logs were a highly valuable, but lesser product in

the Northeast. Output of veneer logs in 1996 totaled 33

million cubic feet, accounting for only 2 percent of the

region’s total roundwood volume. Almost all (92

percent) was hardwood veneer, which increased 41

percent to 30 million cubic feet (198 million board feet)

(fig. 2.9).

• In the Northeast, most veneer-log production came from

New Hampshire, with 12 million cubic feet (80 million

board feet), or 37 percent, of the region’s veneer-log

output. West Virginia followed with almost 7 million

cubic feet (43 million board feet), or 20 percent, of the

veneer production.

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested for other industrial products such

as poles, posts, composite panels, and all other industrial

uses totaled 35 million cubic feet, a 23-percent decline

from that reported in 1991. Other industrial products

only accounted for 2 percent of the region’s total

roundwood output.

• Softwood output declined 35 percent to 15 million cubic

feet, and hardwood output declined 10 percent to 20

million cubic feet (fig. 2.10).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Veneer logs came mostly from growing-stock sources,

about 88 percent. The production of veneer requires

sawtimber-sized trees or large, straight pole-sized trees.

Of the growing stock used for veneer logs, 99 percent

came from sawtimber.

• Almost all veneer-log output came from private lands.

More than 87 percent of the veneer production came

from the NIPF ownership class and 9 percent came from

forest industry lands.

• Select red oaks and yellow-poplar accounted for 33

percent and 20 percent of total veneer production,

respectively. Combined, these two species groups

accounted for 53 percent of veneer output, or 17 million

cubic feet (114 million board feet).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Growing stock made up 78 percent of the other industrial output. Sixty-eight percent of the other industrial

volume was harvested from NIPF lands.

• Of the softwoods, eastern redcedar, loblolly pine, and

shortleaf pine were used primarily for posts, poles, and

pilings. All oaks were also used significantly for these

products. For composite products, though, select red oak

and maples were primarily used.
21

Chapter 2

Figure 2.11—Northeast roundwood fuelwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Domestic Fuelwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested for

domestic fuelwood was cut in half, declining from 940

to 467 million cubic feet. Despite this large drop in

output, fuelwood still accounted for 26 percent of the

region’s total roundwood production. Softwood fuelwood declined 37 percent to 53 million cubic feet, while

hardwood fuelwood dropped 52 percent to 414 million

cubic feet (fig. 2.11).

• At 87 percent, nongrowing-stock sources made up the

majority of the fuelwood harvest, or 404 million cubic

feet (5.1 million cords). Within growing-stock sources,

which accounted for 63 million cubic feet (783 million

cords), 83 percent came from sawtimber-sized trees.

• The NIPF lands accounted for 77 percent of the

fuelwood volume. For fuelwood, the second highest

volumes came from other public lands (State, county,

and municipal), with 12 percent of total fuelwood

output.

• Hardwoods made up 89 percent of the total fuelwood

harvested. Within this broad species group, select red

oak was the single species group used most for fuelwood, at 85 million cubic feet (1.1 billion cords).

All Removals

• Roundwood output for products, logging residues, and

other removals combined put total removals from all

sources at 2.5 billion cubic feet in the Northeast.

• Logging residues from all sources amounted to 714

million cubic feet, or 29 percent, of total removals,

while other removals from all sources totaled 11 million

cubic feet, only 1 percent of total removals (fig. 2.12).

• Within the region, Maine ranked first with 764 million

cubic feet of total removals. Four States, while significantly trailing Maine, had similar levels of total

removals: Pennsylvania, 380 million cubic feet; New

York, 303 million cubic feet; West Virginia, 277 million

cubic feet; and New Hampshire, 246 million cubic feet.

No Northeastern State made the top 10 nationwide, but

the region’s leading State, Maine, ranked twelfth.

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in Northeastern

mills generated 404 million cubic feet (6.1 million dry

tons) of wood and bark residues. Coarse residues from

all industrial roundwood products amounted to 188

million cubic feet, or 46 percent, of total residues.

Collectively, sawdust and shavings amounted to 137

million cubic feet, or 34 percent, of total residues. Bark

volume totaled 79 million cubic feet, or 20 percent, of

total residues (fig. 2.13).

Figure 2.12—Northeast timber removals by source, 1996.

Other

removals

<1%

Logging

residues

29%

Roundwood

products

71%

Total 2.5 billion cubic feet 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
22

The Northeast Region

• Virtually all the wood and bark residues were used, with

only 7 percent of the residues in the Northeast not used

for a product. Almost all that were used for fiber

products came from course residues, 91 million cubic

feet, or 92 percent. Both fine residues (sawdust and

Sawdust and

shavings

34%

Bark

20%

Coarse

46%

Total 404 million cubic feet

Miscellaneous 

36%

Not

used

7%

Fuelwood

products

33%

Fiber

products

24%

Total 404 million cubic feet

Figure 2.13—Northeast primary mill residue by residue type, 1996.

shavings) and bark were mostly used for industrial fuel

or miscellaneous products such as livestock bedding and

mulch. Altogether, 24 percent of the total residues were

used for fiber products, 33 percent for industrial or

domestic fuelwood, and miscellaneous products

accounted for 36 percent (fig. 2.14).

Figure 2.14—Northeast disposal of residue by product, 1996.
23

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

The North Central Region

Dennis May and Ron Piva3

3

 Program Manager and Forester, USDA Forest Service, North Central

Research Station, St. Paul, MN, respectively.

Figure 3.1—North Central roundwood production for all products by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 3.2—North Central roundwood production by type of product,

1996.

Output of Timber Products

• The North Central Region (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin)

produced 1.7 billion cubic feet of roundwood products

in 1996. Like the Northeast Region, this region

accounted for 16 percent of the Nation’s timberland and

supplied 11 percent of the total roundwood output for

the United States in 1996.

• The volume of roundwood products produced in the

North Central Region declined by 10 percent between

1991 and 1996, from 1.9 to 1.7 billion cubic feet, due

mostly to declining residential fuelwood use (fig. 3.1).

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Since 1991, hardwood output declined by 13 percent to

1.5 billion cubic feet; hardwoods still comprised 84

percent of the total roundwood production. Softwood

use, with the remaining 16 percent of the total roundwood output, increased by 6 percent to 271 million

cubic feet.

• Saw logs, pulpwood, and composite products were the

principal roundwood products in 1996. Combined

output of these products totaled 1.3 billion cubic feet

and accounted for 75 percent of the region’s total

roundwood output (fig. 3.2).

Other

industrial

2%

Fuelwood

22%

Pulpwood

31%

Veneer

logs

1%

Composite

panels

11%

Saw

logs

33%

Total 1.7 billion cubic feet

• Almost three-fourths of the total roundwood output, or

1.3 billion cubic feet, came from growing-stock sources

(fig. 3.3).

• Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands accounted for

68 percent of the total roundwood produced, or 1.2

billion cubic feet. Public lands supplied an additional 24

percent of the total roundwood produced and forest

industry the remaining 8 percent (fig. 3.4).

• The red pine and jack pine groups accounted for 29 and

28 percent of the softwood roundwood produced,

respectively (fig. 3.5).
24

The North Central Region

Figure 3.4—North Central roundwood production by ownership, 1996.

Figure 3.5—North Central roundwood production by softwood species

group, 1996.

Figure 3.3—North Central roundwood production by source, 1996.

Figure 3.6—North Central roundwood production by hardwood species

group, 1996.

• The major hardwood species groups harvested for

products in 1996 were: aspen, which accounted for 29

percent of the region’s total roundwood output; red

oaks, 20 percent; white oaks, 12 percent; hard maple, 8

percent; and soft maple, 7 percent (fig. 3.6).

• Wisconsin was the leading producer of roundwood

products in 1996, with a total roundwood output of 435

million cubic feet, followed by Michigan with 416 million cubic feet, and Minnesota with 348 million cubic

Poletimber

20%

Other

27%

Sawtimber

53%

Total 1.7 billion cubic feet

Nonindustrial

private

68%

National

forest

5%

Forest

industry

8%

Other

public

19%

Total 1.7 billion cubic feet

feet. These three States accounted for 69 percent of the

North Central Region’s total roundwood production.

Saw Logs

• Roundwood production for saw logs in the North

Central Region totaled 566 million cubic feet, or 3.3

billion board feet, in 1996; making up one-third of the

total roundwood output for the region. The region’s

saw-log production accounted for 8 percent of the

Nation’s total saw-log production in 1996.

Other

softwoods

White 4%

pine

6%

True

firs

13%

Spruce

10%

Other

pines

2%

Red

pine

29%

Cedars

5%

Jack

pine

28%

Loblollyshortleaf

pine

3%

Total 271 million cubic feet

Other

white

oaks

2%

Other

hardwoods

15% Ash

3%

Other

red

oaks

10%

Select

red

oaks

10%

Hard

maple

8%

Soft

maple

7%

Select

white

oaks

10%

Birch

6%

Aspen

29%

Total 1.5 billion cubic feet
25

Chapter 3

Figure 3.7—North Central roundwood saw-log production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• Output of saw logs increased 11 percent, from 510

million cubic feet in 1991 to 566 million cubic feet in

1996. Softwood saw-log production increased 14

percent between 1991 and 1996, and hardwood saw-log

production increased 10 percent during the same period

(fig. 3.7).

• Growing stock accounted for 91 percent, or 516 million

cubic feet, of the saw-log production in 1996.

• The NIPF owners supplied 427 million cubic feet, or 75

percent, of saw-log volume for the North Central

Region. Public lands provided an additional 19 percent

and forest industry produced the remaining 6 percent.

• Softwoods accounted for 14 percent, or 77 million cubic

feet, of the saw-log production. The predominate

softwood species cut was red pine with 41 percent of the

region’s total softwood output.

• The red oak group, with 161 million cubic feet,

comprised one-third of the hardwood saw-log volume

harvested. The white oak group and the aspens were the

next important species in the region for saw-log

production from hardwoods with 15 and 12 percent,

respectively.

• Missouri, with 121 million cubic feet, was the leading

producer of saw logs in 1996, accounting for 21 percent

of the region’s total saw-log output. Michigan and

Wisconsin each accounted for 20 percent of the region’s

total saw-log output, producing 112 and 113 million

cubic feet, respectively.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Pulpwood and Composite Products

• Roundwood production for pulpwood and composite

products totaled 739 million cubic feet (9.3 million

standard cords) in the North Central Region in 1996.

These products accounted for 42 percent of the region’s

total roundwood production in 1996, and 14 percent of

the Nation’s total output for pulpwood and wood

composite products.

• The North Central Region supplied 55 percent of the

Nation’s roundwood output for composite products

alone.

• Output of pulpwood and composite products increased

17 percent from 1991 to 1996 compared to a national

increase of 4 percent. Much of this increase was due to

an increase in the production at composite product

plants.

• Growing stock accounted for 638 million cubic feet, or

86 percent, of the pulpwood and composite products

production.

• The NIPF owners supplied 366 million cubic feet, or 50

percent, of pulpwood and composite products volume

for the North Central Region. Public lands provided an

additional 36 percent and forest industry produced the

remaining 14 percent.

• Softwood production for pulpwood and composite

products increased 16 percent from 1991 to 1996. Softwoods accounted for 166 million cubic feet, or 22 percent, of the pulpwood and composite products production (fig. 3.8). Red and jack pine made up 55 percent

of the region’s total softwood output.

Figure 3.8—North Central roundwood pulpwood and composite panel

production by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
26

The North Central Region

• Hardwood production increased 17 percent from 1991

to 1996. Aspen alone accounted for 46 percent, or 338

million cubic feet, of the region’s total roundwood

output for pulpwood and composite products. Hard and

soft maples were the second and third most important

hardwoods with 13 percent of the total output and a

combined volume of 98 million cubic feet.

• Wisconsin with 233 million cubic feet, Minnesota with

228 million cubic feet, and Michigan with 224 million

cubic feet were the major producers of roundwood for

pulpwood and composite products in 1996. Together,

these States supplied almost 93 percent of the region’s

roundwood for pulpwood and composite products

production.

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested in 1996 in the North Central

Region for other industrial roundwood products such as

veneer, cooperage, poles, posts, and cabin logs totaled

57 million cubic feet, a 23-percent increase from the

volume reported in 1991. Other industrial roundwood

products accounted for 3 percent of the region’s total

roundwood output.

• Softwood output increased 5 percent to 12 million cubic

feet, while hardwood output increased 29 percent to 45

million cubic feet (fig. 3.9).

• Veneer, with 27 million cubic feet, accounted for almost

one-half of the other industrial roundwood products

output. Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood production

for veneer increased by almost 33 percent. Hard maple,

red oaks, aspen, birches, and white oaks were the major

species harvested for veneer, accounting for 77 percent

of the region’s roundwood output for veneer.

• Michigan and Wisconsin supplied 60 percent of the

roundwood production for veneer for the region.

Fuelwood Products

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested in the

North Central Region for both domestic and industrial

fuelwood declined 50 percent, from 745 million cubic

feet in 1991 to 375 million cubic feet in 1996 (fig.

3.10). Despite this large drop in output, fuelwood still

accounted for 22 percent of the region’s total roundwood production.

Figure 3.9—North Central roundwood veneer and other industrial

production by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 3.10—North Central roundwood fuelwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• The majority of fuelwood, 82 percent, came from

nongrowing-stock sources. The NIPF lands accounted

for 90 percent of the fuelwood volume produced.

• Hardwoods made up 96 percent of the total fuelwood

harvested with the red oak and white oak groups making

up 26 and 20 percent of the hardwood volume,

respectively.

• The top three fuelwood producing States in the region

(Wisconsin, Michigan, and Illinois) produced 54 percent

of the region’s fuelwood. • The red oak and white oak groups accounted for 30 percent of the other industrial roundwood volume produced

in 1996.
27

Chapter 3

All Removals

• In 1996, 2.6 billion cubic feet of wood material was

removed from North Central forests. About two-thirds

of the removals were used for roundwood products.

Another one-fourth of the total removals were left on

the ground as logging residues. Other timber removals,

which were due mostly to land clearing, made up the

remaining volume (fig. 3.11).

Other

removals

7%

Logging

residues

25%

Roundwood

products

68%

Total 2.6 billion cubic feet

Sawdust and

shavings

24%

Bark

42%

Coarse

34%

Total 544 million cubic feet

• One-half of the total residue volume went into fuelwood

uses in 1996 (fig. 3.13), and 56 percent of the residues

used for fuelwood were bark residues.

Figure 3.12—North Central primary mill residue by residue type, 1996.

• Growing stock accounted for 58 percent of the total

timber volume removal in the region. Logging residues

contained 20 percent of growing-stock material, and

other removals contained 51 percent of growing-stock

material.

• Over 90 percent of the other timber removals were from

NIPF lands, while only two-thirds of the removals for

roundwood products came from NIPF lands.

• Missouri and Illinois combined accounted for almost

one-half of the other removals for the region.

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in the North

Central Region mills generated 544 million cubic feet

(7.8 million dry tons) of wood and bark residues. Bark

residues accounted for 42 percent of all residues

generated in 1996, followed by coarse residues with 34

percent, then fine residues with 24 percent (fig. 3.12).

Miscellaneous 

28%

Not

used

4%

Fuelwood

products

50%

Fiber

products

18%

Total 544 million cubic feet

Figure 3.13—North Central disposal of residue by product, 1996.

Figure 3.11—North Central timber removals by source, 1996.

• Only 4 percent of the total residues produced were not

used in the production of some type of byproduct. The

largest component, 45 percent, of this unused material

was the fine wood residues.
29

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

The Southern Region

Tony G. Johnson and John S. Vissage4

1

 Forester, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville,

NC; Research Forester, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS,

respectively.

Figure 4.1—Southern roundwood production for all products by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 4.2—Southern roundwood production by type of product, 1996.

Output of Timber Products

• In 1996, timber product output (TPO) from the Southern

Region (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina,

Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and

Virginia) amounted to 9.6 billion cubic feet. This region,

with 40 percent of the Nation’s timberland, accounted

for 58 percent of the total roundwood output.

• Between 1991 and 1996, the volume of roundwood

products increased 979 million cubic feet, or 11 percent,

from 8.6 to 9.6 billion cubic feet.

• Output of softwood and hardwood roundwood products

was up 12 and 11 percent to 6.2 and 3.4 billion cubic

feet, respectively (fig.4.1).

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Other

industrial

1%

Fuelwood

10%

Pulpwood

41%

Veneer

logs

Composite 9%

panels

1%

Saw

logs

38%

Total 9.6 billion cubic feet

• Saw logs and pulpwood were the principal roundwood

products in 1996. Combined output of these two products totaled 7.6 billion cubic feet and accounted for 79

percent of the region’s total roundwood output (fig. 4.2).

• Growing-stock volume from timberland sources, which

included sawtimber and poletimber, accounted for 89

percent, or 8.6 billion cubic feet, of total roundwood

output. Nongrowing stock or other sources contributed

an estimated 1.0 billion cubic feet (fig. 4.3).

Figure 4.3—Southern roundwood production by source, 1996.

Sawtimber

67%

Other

11%

Poletimber

22%

Total 9.6 billion cubic feet
30

The Southern Region

Figure 4.4—Southern roundwood production by ownership, 1996.

Figure 4.5—Southern roundwood production by softwood species group,

1996.

• Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands accounted for

65 percent, or 6.3 billion cubic feet, of the total roundwood output. Forest industry lands contributed 2.8 billion cubic feet, or 29 percent, of the output. Public lands

made up the remaining 6 percent, or 524 million cubic

feet (fig. 4.4).

Nonindustrial

private

65%

National

forest

3%

Forest

industry

29%

Other

public

3%

Total 9.6 billion cubic feet

Loblollyshortleaf

pine

71%

Longleafslash

pine

21%

Other

 pines

6%

Other

softwoods

2%

Total 6.2 billion cubic feet

Oaks

48%

Blackgumtupelo

5%

Soft

maple

4%

Sweetgum

15%

Hickory

6%

Other

hardwoods

14%

Yellowpoplar

8%

Total 3.4 billion cubic feet

Figure 4.6—Southern roundwood production by hardwood species group,

1996.

• Softwood made up 64 percent of the South’s roundwood

production. For the softwood species group, the loblolly

and shortleaf pine group provided the most volume,

accounting for 71 percent, or 4.4 billion cubic feet, of

the total softwood output. The longleaf and slash pine

type accounted for 21 percent with 1.3 billion cubic feet

(fig. 4.5).

• For hardwoods, the red oak and white oak groups

accounted for 1.6 billion cubic feet, or 48 percent, of

total hardwood output. Sweetgum, yellow-poplar, and

hickories accounted for 15, 8, and 6 percent,

respectively (fig. 4.6).

• Georgia and Alabama were the leading producers of

roundwood products at 1.4 billion cubic feet each; they

were followed by Mississippi with 1.1 billion cubic feet

and North Carolina with 954 million cubic feet. These

States accounted for 51 percent of the Southern

Region’s total roundwood production.

Saw Logs

• Saw logs, at 3.7 billion cubic feet, accounted for 38 percent of the region’s total roundwood output and more

than half of the Nation’s total saw-log production in

1996. Output of softwood saw logs increased 17 percent

from 2.3 to 2.7 billion cubic feet (15.0 billion board

feet), while hardwood saw logs declined 7 percent to

959 million cubic feet (5.7 billion board feet) (fig. 4.7).

• Growing stock accounted for 96 percent of the saw-log

production at 3.5 billion cubic feet.
31

Chapter 4

Figure 4.7—Southern roundwood saw-log production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 4.8—Southern roundwood pulpwood production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• The NIPF owners supplied 2.4 billion cubic feet, or 63

percent, of pulpwood output. Forest industry provided

32 percent and public lands the remaining 5 percent of

pulpwood output.

• Softwoods accounted for 62 percent of the pulpwood

production. The loblolly and shortleaf pine and the

longleaf and slash pine groups made up 67 and 25 percent of the region’s total softwood output, respectively.

For hardwoods, the red oak and white oak groups

accounted for 47 percent of pulpwood output.

• The region and the Nation’s leaders in pulpwood

production were: Alabama with 698 million cubic feet,

Georgia with 617 million cubic feet, and Mississippi

with 454 million cubic feet. These States supplied 46

percent of the region’s pulpwood output.

Veneer Logs

• Output of veneer logs in 1996 totaled 825 million cubic

feet, accounting for 9 percent of the region’s total

roundwood TPO volume. Softwood veneer production

increased 2 percent to 736 million cubic feet (4.4 billion

board feet), while output of hardwood veneer logs

increased 16 percent, from 77 million cubic feet in 1991

to 89 million cubic feet (550 million board feet) in 1996

(fig.4.9).

• Veneer-log production comes almost exclusively from

growing-stock sources.

• The NIPF landowners provided 58 percent of the veneer

production and forest industry supplied 35 percent.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• The NIPF owners supplied 2.5 billion cubic feet, or 67

percent, of saw-log volume for the Southern Region.

Forest industry provided 27 percent, and public lands

provided the remaining 6 percent of saw-log volume.

• Softwoods accounted for 74 percent, or 2.7 billion cubic

feet, of the saw-log production with the loblolly and

shortleaf pine group making up 73 percent of softwood

output.

• Hardwoods supplied nearly 1.0 billion cubic feet of

saw-log output. The red oak and white oak groups

accounted for 466 million cubic feet, or 49 percent, of

total hardwood saw-log production. Sweetgum and

yellow-poplar each accounted for 11 percent, and

hickories accounted for 8 percent.

• Georgia accounted for 15 percent of the region’s total

saw-log output with 552 million cubic feet. Mississippi

and Alabama each accounted for 13 percent of saw-log

output with 493 and 473 million cubic feet, respectively.

Pulpwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, southern pulpwood production

increased 15 percent, from 3.4 to 3.9 billion cubic feet,

and accounted for 41 percent of the region’s total

roundwood TPO. Pulpwood from the South accounted

for 77 percent of the Nation’s total output.

• Softwood output increased 7 percent to 2.4 billion cubic

feet (33.2 billion cords), while hardwood output

increased 29 percent to 1.5 billion cubic feet (19.7

billion cords) (fig. 4.8).

.

• Growing stock accounted for 90 percent of the pulpwood production, or 3.5 billion cubic feet.
32

The Southern Region

Figure 4.10—Southern roundwood production for other industrial

products by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).

Figure 4.9—Southern roundwood veneer production by species group and

year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• The loblolly and shortleaf pine group accounted for 84

percent of the softwood veneer production.

• Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama were the leading producers of veneer in the South. These States combined

accounted for 53 percent of the region’s total veneer

output.

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested for other industrial products such

as poles, posts, composite panels, and all other industrial uses totaled 245 million cubic feet, a 16-percent

increase from 1991 (fig. 4.10). Other industrial products

accounted for only 2 percent of the region’s total

roundwood output.

• Softwood output increased 27 percent to 189 million

cubic feet, while hardwood output declined 12 percent

to 56 million cubic feet.

• Growing stock made up 87 percent of the other

industrial output.

• Seventy-two percent of the other industrial volume was

harvested from NIPF lands.

• The loblolly and shortleaf pine group made up 60 percent of the softwood used for other industrial purposes,

while the red oak and white oak groups made up 45 percent of the hardwood used for other industrial products.

Domestic Fuelwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested for

domestic fuelwood increased 11 percent, from 852 to

948 million cubic feet. Fuelwood accounted for 10

percent of the region’s total roundwood production.

• Softwood fuelwood increased 57 percent to 109 million

cubic feet, while hardwood fuelwood was up 7 percent

to 839 million cubic feet (fig. 4.11).

Figure 4.11—Southern roundwood fuelwood production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Nongrowing-stock sources accounted for 46 percent of

the fuelwood harvested. This was the highest proportion

of nongrowing-stock sources for any product.

• The NIPF lands accounted for 73 percent of the fuelwood volume produced.

• Hardwood made up 88 percent of the total fuelwood

harvested, with the red oak and white oak groups

making up 47 percent of the hardwood volume.
33

Chapter 4

All Removals

• In addition to roundwood output for products, logging

residues and other removals were calculated for an

estimate of total removals. Logging residues and other

removals combined with roundwood products placed

total removals from all sources at 12.3 billion cubic feet

for the Southern Region.

• Logging residues from all sources amounted to 1.5 billion cubic feet, or 12 percent, of total removals, while

other removals from all sources totaled 1.2 billion cubic

feet, or 10 percent, of total removals (fig. 4.12).

Other

removals

10%

Logging

residues

12%

Roundwood

products

78%

Total 12.3 billion cubic feet

Sawdust and

shavings

31%

Bark

29%

Coarse

40%

Total 3.2 billion cubic feet

Figure 4.13—Southern primary mill residue by residue type, 1996.

• Georgia ranked number one in the region for total

removals at 1.8 billion cubic feet, followed by Alabama

and Mississippi at 1.6 and 1.4 billion cubic feet,

respectively.

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in southern

mills generated 3.2 billion cubic feet (52.4 million dry

tons) of wood and bark residues. Coarse residues from

industrial roundwood products amounted to 1.3 billion

cubic feet, or 40 percent, of total residue produced. Bark

volume totaled 915 million cubic feet, or 29 percent, of

total residues. Fine materials made up of sawdust and

shavings accounted for 31 percent of total residues, or

971 million cubic feet (fig. 4.13).

Figure 4.12—Southern timber removals by source, 1996.

Miscellaneous 

12%

Not

used

1%

Fuelwood

products

49%

Fiber

products

38%

Total 3.2 billion cubic feet

Figure 4.14—Southern disposal of residue by product, 1996.

• Virtually all of the wood and bark residues were used

for a product; only 1 percent of the residues were not

used, while 49 percent of the residues were used for

industrial or domestic fuelwood (fig. 4.14).

• More than 1.0 billion cubic feet, or 83 percent, of the

coarse residues were used for fiber products. Most of

the bark was used for industrial fuel or other miscellaneous products, while 67 percent of the fine residues, or

sawdust and shavings, were used for industrial fuel.
34

The Southern Region
35

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

The Rocky Mountains Region

Charles E. Keegan III, Robert Campbell, and Al Chase5

5

 Director of Forest Industry Research, Research Professor, Bureau of

Business and Economics Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT;

Director of Montana Business Connections, University of Montana,

Missoula, MT; Research Forester, Bureau of Business and Economics

Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, respectively.

Figure 5.1—Rocky Mountains roundwood production for all products by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 5.2—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by type of product,

1996.

Output of Timber Products

• In 1996, timber product output (TPO) from the Rocky

Mountains Region (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas,

Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North

Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) totaled 688

million cubic feet. This region accounted for 14 percent

of the Nation’s timberland area and supplied 4 percent

of its total roundwood output.

• Between 1991 and 1996, volume of roundwood products declined 250 million cubic feet, or 27 percent, from

938 to 688 million cubic feet.

• Output of softwood roundwood products was down 30

percent to 594 million cubic feet, while output of hardwood roundwood products increased 0.9 percent to 94

million cubic feet (fig. 5.1).

• Saw logs and fuelwood were the principal roundwood

products in 1996. Combined output of these products

totaled 562 million cubic feet and accounted for 82

percent of the region’s total roundwood output (fig. 5.2).

• Growing-stock volume from timberland sources, which

included sawtimber and poletimber, accounted for 70

percent of total roundwood output. Nongrowing stock

or other sources contributed an estimated 210 million

cubic feet, or 30 percent, of total roundwood output (fig.

5.3).

• Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands, which

included tribal lands, accounted for 40 percent, or 275

million cubic feet, of the total roundwood output. Public

lands contributed 37 percent, or 258 million cubic feet.

Forest industry lands made up the remaining 155 million cubic feet, or 23 percent, of the output (fig. 5.4).

• For softwood species, the ponderosa-Jeffery pine group

provided the most volume, accounting for 26 percent, or

155 million cubic feet, of the total softwood output.

Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine accounted for 22 and 18

percent, respectively (fig. 5.5).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Other

industrial

4%

Fuelwood

25%

Pulpwood

4%

Veneer

logs

9%

Composite

panels

1%

Saw

logs

57%

Total 688 million cubic feet
36

The Rocky Mountains Region

Figure 5.5—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by softwood

species group, 1996.

Figure 5.3—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by source, 1996.

Figure 5.6—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by hardwood

species group, 1996. • For hardwoods, cottonwood accounted for 27 million

cubic feet, or 29 percent, of total hardwood output.

Aspen, oaks, elm, and ash accounted for 16, 13, 10, and

6 percent, respectively (fig. 5.6).

• Idaho and Montana were the leading roundwood

producers at 273 and 187 million cubic feet,

respectively. These States accounted for 67 percent

of the region’s total output.

Saw Logs

• Saw logs, at 390 million cubic feet, accounted for 57

percent of the region’s total roundwood products. Output of softwood saw logs decreased 40 percent, from

632 to 381 million cubic feet (2.4 billion board feet),

while that of hardwood saw logs declined 39 percent to

9 million cubic feet (54.6 million board feet) (fig. 5.7).

Poletimber

5%

Other

30%

Sawtimber

65%

Total 688 million cubic feet

Nonindustrial

private

40%

National

forest

29%

Forest

industry

23%

Other

public

8%

Total 688 million cubic feet

Cedars

6%

Other

softwoods

6%

Lodgepole

pine

18%

Douglasfir

22%

Larch

7%

PonderosaJeffery

pine

26%

Other

pines

2%

True

firs

13%

Total 594 million cubic feet

Aspen

16%

Other

hardwoods

25%

Oaks

13%

Elm

10%

Ash

6%

Cottonwood

29%

Maple

1%

Total 94 million cubic feet

Figure 5.4—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by ownership,

1996.
37

Chapter 5

Figure 5.7—Rocky Mountains roundwood saw-log production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• Growing stock accounted for 93 percent of the saw-log

production with 362 million cubic feet.

• The NIPF and public ownerships supplied an almost

equal amount of saw-log output at 39 and 38 percent,

respectively. Forest industry provided the remaining 23

percent of saw-log volume.

• Softwoods accounted for 98 percent of the saw-log

production. The ponderosa-Jeffrey pine group with 111

million cubic feet accounted for 29 percent of saw-log

output for the region.

• Idaho led the Rocky Mountains Region in total saw-log

production with 184 million cubic feet. Montana and

Arizona followed with 123 and 13 million cubic feet,

respectively.

Pulpwood

• Pulpwood production declined 4 million cubic feet to 26

million cubic feet and accounted for < 4 percent of the

region’s total roundwood TPO.

• Softwood output declined 12 percent to 26 million cubic

feet (328 million cords); no hardwood output was

recorded in 1996, down from 150 thousand cubic feet in

1991 (fig. 5.8).

• Growing stock accounted for 71 percent of the pulpwood production.

• Forest industry lands made up the largest portion, 56

percent, of pulpwood output.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Softwoods accounted for all of the reported pulpwood

production. The ponderosa-Jeffery pine group along

with Douglas-fir produced 49 percent of output.

Veneer Logs

• Output of veneer logs in 1996 totaled 64 million cubic

feet, accounting for 9 percent of the region’s total

roundwood TPO volume.

• Softwood veneer production declined 19 percent to 64

million cubic feet (399 million board feet), while output

of hardwood veneer logs declined 47 percent, from 193

thousand cubic feet in 1991 to 102 thousand cubic feet

(fig. 5.9).

Figure 5.8—Rocky Mountains roundwood pulpwood production by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 5.9—Rocky Mountains roundwood production for veneer products

by species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual

years).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
38

The Rocky Mountains Region

Figure 5.10—Rocky Mountains roundwood production for other

industrial products by species group and year (see page 46 for references

for individual years).

• Veneer-log production is mostly from growing-stock

sources, more than 99 percent.

• Sixty-six percent of the veneer production came from

forest industry lands and 27 percent came from public

lands.

• Douglas-fir, western larch, and the true firs accounted

for 93 percent of the softwood veneer production.

• Montana and Idaho led the region in veneer-log

production, accounting for 51 and 48 percent of the

region’s total veneer output, respectively. Nebraska and

Kansas together produced about 100 thousand cubic

feet of hardwood veneer logs.

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested for other industrial products such

as poles, posts, composite panels, and all other industrial

uses totaled 36 million cubic feet, a 23-percent increase

from that reported in 1991. Other industrial products

accounted for 5 percent of the region’s total roundwood

output.

• Softwood output increased 7 percent to 24 million cubic

feet, while hardwood output increased 81 percent to 11

million cubic feet (fig. 5.10).

• Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine made up 69 percent of

the softwood used for other industrial purposes, while

cottonwood and aspen made up 95 percent of the

hardwood used for other industrial products.

Domestic Fuelwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested for

domestic fuelwood increased 12 percent, from 154

to172 million cubic feet. Fuelwood accounted for 25

percent of the region’s total roundwood production.

• Softwood fuelwood increased 20 percent to 99 million

cubic feet, while hardwood fuelwood increased 2

percent to 74 million cubic feet (fig. 5.11).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 5.11—Rocky Mountains roundwood fuelwood production by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

• Nongrowing-stock sources made up the majority of the

fuelwood harvest, 96 percent.

• The NIPF lands accounted for 60 percent of the fuelwood volume. Public lands supplied an additional 38

percent of the fuelwood harvest and forest industry

provided the remaining 2 percent.

• Softwood species accounted for 57 percent of the total

fuelwood harvested. The lodgepole and ponderosaJeffrey pine groups accounted for 30 and 34 percent of

the softwood fuelwood, respectively. Hardwoods

accounted for the remaining 43 percent of the fuelwood

harvest. • Growing stock made up 77 percent of the other

industrial output.

• Sixty-six percent of the other industrial volume was

harvested from public lands.
39

Chapter 5

All Removals

• In addition to roundwood output for products, logging

residues and other removals were calculated for an

estimate of total removals. Logging residues and other

removals combined with roundwood products totaled

867 million cubic feet from all sources, regionwide,

compared to 1.0 billion cubic feet in 1991.

• Logging residues from all sources amounted to 160

million cubic feet, while other removals from all sources

totaled 19 million cubic feet (fig. 5.12).

Other

removals

2%

Logging

residues

18%

Roundwood

products

80%

Total 867 million cubic feet

Figure 5.12—Rocky Mountains timber removals by source, 1996.

Figure 5.13—Rocky Mountains primary mill residue by residue type,

1996.

Figure 5.14—Rocky Mountains disposal of residue by product, 1996.

Sawdust and

shavings

31%

Bark

20%

Coarse

49%

Total 607 million cubic feet

• Idaho ranked number one in the region for total

removals with 343 million cubic feet, followed by

Montana with 244 million cubic feet.

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in mills

regionwide generated 607 million cubic feet (7.6 million

dry tons) of wood and bark residues. Coarse residues

from all industrial roundwood products amounted to

296 million cubic feet, while bark volume totaled 124

million cubic feet. Fine residue (primarily sawdust and

shavings) made up 31 percent of total residues, or 187

million cubic feet (fig. 5.13).

• Virtually all of the wood and bark residues were used

for a product; regionwide only 4 percent of the residues

were not used, while 33 percent of the residues were

used for industrial or domestic fuelwood (fig. 5.14).

Miscellaneous 

6%

Not

used

4%

Fuelwood

products

33% Fiber

products

57%

Total 607 million cubic feet

• More than 266 million cubic feet, or 90 percent, of the

coarse residues were used for fiber products. Most of

the bark was used for industrial fuel, while 45 percent

of the fine residues were used for industrial fuel.
40

The Pacific Coast Region
41

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

The Pacific Coast Region

Bert Mead and Bruce Hiserote6

1

 Research Forester, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research

Station, Anchorage, AK; Research Forester, USDA Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, respectively.

Figure 6.1—Pacific Coast roundwood production for all products by

species group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 6.2—Pacific Coast roundwood production by type of product,

1996.

Output of Timber Products

• Between 1991 and 1996, timber product output (TPO)

from the Pacific Coast Region (Alaska, California,

Oregon, and Washington) declined 1.6 billion cubic feet,

or 37 percent, from 4.2 to 2.6 billion cubic feet. This

region accounted for 14 percent of the Nation’s timberland area and supplied 16 percent of its product output.

• Output of softwood roundwood products was down 37

percent to 2.5 billion cubic feet, while output of hardwood roundwood products declined 38 percent to 170

million cubic feet (fig. 6.1).

• Saw logs and veneer logs were the principal roundwood

products in 1996. Combined output of these products

totaled 2.1 billion cubic feet and accounted for 80 percent of the region’s total roundwood output (fig. 6.2).

• Growing-stock volume from timberland sources, which

included sawtimber and poletimber, accounted for 89

percent of total roundwood output. Nongrowing stock

or other sources contributed an estimated 288 million

cubic feet, or 11 percent, of total roundwood output

(fig. 6.3).

• Forest industry lands contributed 1.2 billion cubic feet,

or 47 percent, of the output. Nonindustrial private forest

(NIPF) lands accounted for 30 percent, or 786 million

cubic feet, of the total roundwood output. Public lands

made up the remaining 23 percent, or 614 million cubic

feet (fig. 6.4).

• For the softwood species group, Douglas-fir provided

the most volume, accounting for 44 percent, or 1.1

billion cubic feet, of the total softwood output. The

hemlock and the ponderosa-Jeffrey pine type accounted

for 12 and 11 percent, respectively (fig. 6.5).

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Other

industrial

6%

Fuelwood

12%

Pulpwood

2%

Veneer

logs

13%

Composite

panels

<1%

Saw

logs

67%

Total 2.6 billion cubic feet
42

The Pacific Coast Region

Figure 6.4—Pacific Coast roundwood production by ownership, 1996.

Figure 6.5—Pacific Coast roundwood production by softwood species

group, 1996.

Figure 6.3—Pacific Coast roundwood production by source, 1996.

Figure 6.6—Pacific Coast roundwood production by hardwood species

• For hardwoods, red alder accounted for 55 million cubic group, 1996.

feet, or 33 percent, of total hardwood output. The other

birch group and miscellaneous hardwoods accounted for

3 and 64 percent, respectively (fig. 6.6).

• Washington and Oregon had production of 885 and 882

million cubic feet, respectively. California’s output was

728 million cubic feet. These States were among the top

10 producing States in the Nation.

Saw Logs

• Saw logs, at 1.8 billion cubic feet, accounted for 67

percent of the region’s total roundwood products. Output of softwood saw logs declined 19 percent, from 2.1

to 1.7 billion cubic feet (9.3 billion board feet), while

that of hardwood saw logs increased 4 percent to 51

million cubic feet (274 million board feet) (fig. 6.7).

Poletimber

26%

Other

11%

Sawtimber

63%

Total 2.6 billion cubic feet

Nonindustrial

private

30%

National

forest

13%

Other

public

10%

Forest

industry

47%

Total 2.6 billion cubic feet

Cedars

3% Other

softwoods

5%

True

firs

10% Redwood

5%

Lodgepole pine

1%

Douglasfir

44%

Hemlock

12%

PonderosaJeffery

pine

11%

Other

pines

9%

Total 2.5 billion cubic feet

Other

birch

3%

Other

hardwoods

64%

Alder

33%

Total 170 million cubic feet
43

Chapter 6

Figure 6.7—Pacific Coast roundwood saw-log production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 6.8—Pacific Coast roundwood pulpwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• Growing stock accounted for 96 percent of the saw-log

production.

• Forest industry owners made up 52 percent of saw-log

output. The NIPF owners accounted for another 25

percent of saw-log output.

• Softwoods accounted for 97 percent of the saw-log

production with Douglas-fir making up 47 percent of

softwood output.

• Washington led the region in total saw-log production,

with 614 million cubic feet. Oregon and California

followed with 607 and 515 million cubic feet,

respectively. Alaska was lowest in the region at 35

million cubic feet.

Pulpwood

• Pulpwood production dropped 87 percent, from 410 to

59 million cubic feet, and accounted for 2 percent of

the region’s total roundwood TPO. Softwood output

declined 86 percent to 56 million cubic feet (646 million

cords), while hardwood output decreased 95 percent to

3 million cubic feet (39 million cords) (fig. 6.8).

• Growing stock accounted for 86 percent of the

pulpwood production.

• The NIPF and forest industry owners made up 31 and

40 percent of pulpwood output, respectively.

• Softwoods accounted for 95 percent of the pulpwood

production with the Douglas-fir and hemlock groups

making up 36 and 31 percent of softwood output,

respectively.

• Washington led the region in pulpwood production with

almost half its output.

Veneer Logs

• Output of veneer logs in 1996 totaled 333 million cubic

feet, accounting for 13 percent of the region’s total

roundwood TPO volume. Softwood veneer production

declined 27 percent to 321 million cubic feet (1.8 billion

board feet), while output of hardwood veneer logs

increased 126 percent from 5 million cubic feet in 1991

to 12 million cubic feet (60 million board feet) in 1996

(fig. 6.9).

• Veneer-log production was mostly from growing-stock

sources, 90 percent.

• Thirty-eight percent of the veneer production came from

private landowners and more than one-third was produced from forest industry lands.

• Douglas-fir and the true fir group accounted for 62 and

21 percent of the softwood veneer production,

respectively.

• Oregon led the region in veneer-log production with 57

percent of regional output. Oregon was also one of the

top three States nationally in veneer output.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Billion cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood
44

The Pacific Coast Region

Figure 6.11—Pacific Coast roundwood fuelwood production by species

group and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

Figure 6.10—Pacific Coast roundwood production for other industrial

products by species group and year (see page 46 for references for

individual years).

Other Industrial Products

• Roundwood harvested for other industrial products such

as poles, posts, composite panels, and all other industrial

uses totaled 159 million cubic feet, a 75-percent decline

from that reported in 1991.

• Softwood output declined 75 percent to 159 million

cubic feet, while hardwood output decreased 99 percent

to 3 thousand cubic feet (fig. 6.10). Other industrial

products accounted for 6 percent of the region’s total

roundwood output.

• Growing stock made up 99 percent of the other

industrial output.

• Sixty-one percent of the other industrial volume was

harvested from NIPF lands.

• Douglas-fir made up 43 percent of the softwood used

for other industrial uses, while hardwood use for other

industrial products in the region was negligible.

Domestic Fuelwood

• Between 1991 and 1996, roundwood harvested in the

Pacific Coast Region for fuelwood declined 35 percent,

from 495 to 320 million cubic feet. Despite this large

drop in output, fuelwood still accounted for 12 percent

of the region’s total roundwood production (fig. 6.11).

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1952 1962 1970 1976 1986 1991 1996

Year

Million cubic feet

Softwood

Hardwood

Figure 6.9—Pacific Coast roundwood veneer production by species group

and year (see page 46 for references for individual years).

• Softwood production declined 36 percent, from 336

million cubic feet in 1991 to 216 million cubic feet in

1996. Hardwood production was down 35 percent, from

160 million cubic feet in 1991 to 104 million cubic feet

in 1996.

• Nongrowing-stock sources made up the majority of the

fuelwood harvest, 52 percent.

• Forest industry lands accounted for 43 percent of the

fuelwood volume, while NIPF and public lands supplied

30 and 26 percent, respectively.

• Softwood made up more than 67 percent of the total

fuelwood harvested with the other pine group making

up 97 percent of the softwood volume.
45

Chapter 6

All Removals

• In addition to roundwood output for products, logging

residues and other removals were calculated for an

estimate of total removals. Logging residues and other

removals combined with roundwood products put total

removals from all sources at 3.0 billion cubic feet

regionwide (fig. 6.12) compared to 21.1 billion cubic

feet nationwide.

• Logging residues from all sources amounted to 331

million cubic feet, while other removals from all sources

totaled 2.4 million cubic feet.

• Washington ranked number one in the region and fifth

in the Nation in total removals with 968 million cubic

feet, followed by Oregon and California at 960 and 829

million cubic feet, respectively. Alaska was last,

producing only 7 percent of the region’s total removals.

Plant Byproducts

• In 1996, processing of primary products in mills

regionwide generated 1.4 billion cubic feet (17.6 million

dry tons) of wood and bark residues. Coarse residues

from all industrial roundwood products amounted to

665 million cubic feet, while bark volume totaled 298

million cubic feet. Collectively, sawdust and shavings

made up 30 percent of total residues, or 403 million

cubic feet (fig. 6.13).

• Virtually all of the wood and bark residues were used

for a product; only 1 percent of the residues regionwide

were not used, while 36 percent of the residues were

used for industrial or domestic fuelwood (fig. 6.14).

Figure 6.12—Pacific Coast timber removals by source, 1996.

• More than 734 million cubic feet, or 54 percent, of all

residues were used for fiber products. Most of the bark

was used for industrial fuel or other miscellaneous

products, while 38 percent of the fine residues, or

sawdust and shavings, were used for industrial fuel.

Figure 6.14—Pacific Coast disposal of residue by product, 1996.

Other

removals

< 1%

Logging

residues

11%

Roundwood

products

89%

Total 3.0 billion cubic feet

Sawdust and

shavings

30%

Bark

22%

Coarse

48%

Total 1.4 billion cubic feet

Miscellaneous 

9%

Not

used

1%

Fuelwood

products

36%

Fiber

products

54%

Total 1.4 billion cubic feet

Figure 6.13—Pacific Coast primary mill residue by residue type, 1996.
46

Acknowledments

This research was supported with funds provided by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Intermountain Research Station (now Rocky Mountain

Research Station), Ogden, UT, through a series of research

joint ventures and cooperative research projects including

Utah's Forest Industry Study, cooperative research project

INT–93770–RJVA, February 5, 1993, through December

31, 1994; Montana's Forest Industry Study, cooperative

research project INT–94894–RJVA, March 8, 1994, through

December 31, 1995; and Idaho's Forest Industry Study,

cooperative research project INT–95094–RJVA, July 12,

1995, through December 31, 1997.

The authors thank Dennis M. May, John S. Vissage, and

Brian Johnston for their tireless efforts and dedication to

detail in the creation of the Timber Product Output Database

Retrieval System. Many hours of programming, data entry,

and editing went into the creation of the database and made

this report possible. Dale Gormanson from the North

Central Research Station for the color maps in Chapter 1.

W. Brad Smith in the Washington Office for his support and

guidance in this effort; Richard A. Harper, extension

Forester with Clemson University, for review and

comments; Anne Jenkins, Susan Bowman, and Donna

Burnett for tables, graphs, and statistical checking; and Paul

Smith, Diana Corbin, and Louise Wilde for editorial review,

styling, and publication of this report.

The USDA Forest Service gratefully acknowledges the

cooperation and assistance provided by the State Forestry

organizations, universities, and other agencies involved in

collecting mill data. Appreciation is also extended to forest

industry and mill managers for providing timber products

information.

Acknowledgments

7 This section is provided for those needing additional information. The

year in brackets at the end of each reference refers to the year listed in the

product bar charts throughout this report.

References7

Powell, Douglas S.; Faulkner, Joanne L.; Darr, David R. [and others].

1993. Forest resources of the United States, 1992. Revised. Gen. Tech.

Rep. RM–234. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

132 p. + map. [1991].

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1958. Timber resources

for America's future. For. Resour. Rep. 14. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office. 713 p. [The Timber Resources Review

Report]. [1952].

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1965. Timber trends in

the United States. For. Resour. Rep. 17. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office. 235 p. [1962].

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1973. The outlook for

timber in the United States. For. Resour. Rep. 20. Washington, DC:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 367 p. [1970].

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1982. Analysis of the

timber situation in the United States, 1952–2030. For. Resour. Rep.

23. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

499 p. [1976].

Waddell, Karen L.; Oswald, Daniel D.; Powell, Douglas S. 1989. Forest

statistics of the United States, 1987. Resour. Bull. PNW–RB–168.

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Research Station. 106 p. [1986].
47

Tables

Table 1.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

United States, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 5,435,177 5,158,258 -276,919 -5.1

Hardwood 1,915,595 1,961,966 46,371 2.4 

 Total 7,350,772 7,120,224 -230,548 -3.1

Veneer logs

Softwood 1,241,643 1,123,938 -117,705 -9.5

Hardwood 122,814 157,605 34,791 28.3 

 Total 1,364,457 1,281,543 -82,914 -6.1

Pulpwooda

Softwood 3,067,366 2,862,183 -205,183 -6.7

Hardwood 1,981,911 2,380,428 398,517 20.1 

 Total 5,049,277 5,242,611 193,334 3.8 

Other industrialb

Softwood 830,866 398,775 -432,091 -52.0

Hardwood 107,307 104,929 -2,378 -2.2

 Total 938,173 503,704 -434,469 -46.3

All industrial

Softwood 10,575,052 9,543,154 -1,031,898 -9.8

Hardwood 4,127,627 4,604,928 477,301 11.6 

 Total 14,702,679 14,148,082 -554,597 -3.8

Fuelwood

Softwood 605,835 493,046 -112,789 -18.6

Hardwood 2,580,833 1,789,802 -791,031 -30.7

 Total 3,186,668 2,282,848 -903,820 -28.4

All products

Softwood 11,180,887 10,036,200 -1,144,687 -10.2

Hardwood 6,708,460 6,394,730 -313,730 -4.7

 Total 17,889,347 16,430,930 -1,458,417 -8.2

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

a Pulpwood total includes composite product totals from the North Central Region.

b Other industrial total includes composite products, posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change

Appendix 1
48

Table 1.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Sawtimber

Softwood 25, 4,300,569 197,267 935,996 5,822,759 1,356,707 18,290,292 636,950 46,893 1,394,497 129,

108,633 

Hardwood 10, 1,713,656 417,892 143,995 921,016 1,076,061 13,785,306 1,702,899 133,548 5,780,691 4,

441,409 

 Total 35, 6,014,224 615,159 1,079,991 6,743,775 2,432,768 32,075,598 2,339,849 180,441 7,175,188 134,

550,042 

Poletimber

Softwood 2,094,076 627,729 134,478 377,411 1,190,560 16,300,968 709,463 51,595 986,503 26,

78,676 

Hardwood 69,864 387,427 12,329 6,049 821,424 10,632,695 1,195,755 93,500 2,243,311 1,

170,245 

 Total 2,481,503 697,593 140,528 389,740 2,011,984 26,933,663 1,905,218 145,095 3,229,814 27,

248,920 

Growing stock

Softwood 27, 4,928,298 291,343 1,070,474 6,200,169 2,547,267 34,591,261 1,346,413 98,487 2,381,000 155,

187,308 

Hardwood 10, 1,783,520 805,319 150,044 933,345 1,897,486 24,418,000 2,898,654 227,048 8,024,003 6,

611,654 

 Total 38, 6,711,818 096,662 1,220,518 7,133,515 4,444,752 59,009,261 4,245,067 325,535 10,405,002 161,

798,962 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 1,418,541 229,960 53,464 383,455 4,046,173 303,400 209,697 15,438 3,864,028 11,

305,737 

Hardwood 1,087,016 178,446 43,199 3,761,794 7,561 295,054 260,981 20,382 15,532,748 2,

1,178,148 

 Total 2,505,557 408,406 61,025 426,654 7,807,967 598,455 470,678 35,820 19,396,776 13,

1,483,886 

All sources

Softwood 28, 5,158,258 709,884 1,123,938 6,583,624 2,850,667 38,637,433 1,556,110 113,926 6,245,028 166,

493,046 

Hardwood 11, 1,961,966 892,335 157,605 976,545 2,192,540 28,179,794 3,159,635 247,430 23,556,751 8,

1,789,802 

 Total 40, 7,120,224 602,219 1,281,543 7,560,169 5,043,207 66,817,228 4,715,745 361,355 29,801,779 174,

2,282,847 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

 Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
49

Table 1.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

National forest 

Softwood 2,428,044 537,926 418,558 1,134,398 89,422 84,853 48,023 3,602 1,154,323 92,651 12

Hardwood 69,962 417,411 30,149 803,603 4,819 62,827 212,624 16,747 712,358 55,850  Total 2,845,455 568,075 488,521 1,938,001 94,242 147,681 260,647 20,348 1,866,682 148,502 13

Other public

Softwood 1,775,966 395,117 322,114 1,675,814 67,109 126,414 109,802 8,417 442,861 35,217 12Hardwood 688,655 46,943 115,212 1,839,780 7,448 144,929 846,775 66,741 1,396,640 107,086  Total 2,464,621 442,060 437,326 3,515,594 74,557 271,343 956,577 75,159 1,839,500 142,302 12

Forest industry

Softwood 10,591,606 2,535,812 1,927,754 13,833,081 426,584 1,018,074 228,057 16,544 1,788,819 143,331 80Hardwood 1,395,203 156,438 233,478 6,634,690 25,182 517,027 358,781 28,135 3,343,488 259,936  Total 11,986,809 2,692,250 2,161,233 20,467,770 451,766 1,535,101 586,838 44,678 5,132,307 403,267 81

Other private

Softwood 13,914,268 3,114,768 2,489,831 21,994,141 540,822 1,621,327 1,170,228 85,363 2,859,025 221,847 61Hardwood 9,391,066 743,015 1,543,313 18,901,722 120,156 1,467,756 1,741,456 135,807 18,104,264 1,366,930 6 Total 23,305,334 3,857,784 4,033,144 40,895,863 660,979 3,089,082 2,911,684 221,170 20,963,289 1,588,777 67

All ownerships

Softwood 28,709,884 6,583,624 5,158,258 1,123,938 38,637,433 2,850,667 1,556,110 113,926 6,245,028 493,046 166

 

Hardwood 11,892,335 976,545 1,961,966 28,179,794 157,605 2,192,540 3,159,635 247,430 23,556,751 1,789,802 8

 Total 40,602,219 7,560,169 7,120,224 1,281,543 66,817,228 5,043,207 4,715,745 361,355 29,801,779 2,282,847 174

 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

 Pos

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50

Table 1.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 O

Species pro

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF M

Softwood

Cedars 577,897 100,883 9,389 1,597 155,188 11,703 6,834 498 175,241 13,699 7,701 1

Cypress 188,201 34,766 23,097 3,956 436,185 31,208 17,428 1,265 16,663 1,205 922 

Douglas-fir 4,804,196 881,601 1,219,953 231,131 285,967 25,518 3,318 268 109,587 8,754 

69,452 

True firs 1,993,384 352,510 489,400 77,983 905,526 74,090 11,901 947 57,082 4,341 313 

Hemlock 1,448,566 247,416 181,661 34,039 967,386 81,497 2,012 155 85,466 6,817 486 4Larch 138,424 23,498 102,227 17,108 102,127 8,393 173 15 85,193 6,810 9 

Jack pine 83,319 16,784 3 1 541,477 42,714 119,792 9,455 74,384 5,203 511 Loblolly-shortleaf pine 11,067,072 1,996,065 3,698,029 617,130 22,090,582 1,603,203 1,064,053 77,096 1,108,696 80,438 

34,035 

Lodgepole pine 464,930 80,031 21,416 3,936 38,780 3,116 5,021 405 380,383 29,895 

15,910 

Longleaf-slash pine 2,757,769 508,823 561,529 93,529 8,354,694 600,124 85,039 6,161 238,026 17,224 1

26,922 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 2,095,563 368,953 29,945 5,619 101,672 8,129 15,424 1,183 422,939 33,483 962 

Red pine 233,039 38,994 581 94 557,722 44,531 15,467 1,225 99,922 7,261 1,390 

Sugar pine 200,748 37,083 9,120 1,847 — — — — — — — White pine 719,221 116,788 13,982 2,217 638,232 53,116 24,638 1,813 436,851 34,570 615 

Other pines 914,810 166,461 119,692 20,301 2,355,512 171,895 183,906 13,353 2,852,216 6,971 235,242 Redwood 650,784 127,707 — — — — — — — — — Spruce 371,962 59,894 103,598 13,451 1,106,384 91,432 1,105 88 102,379 8,103 166 3 Total 28,709,884 5,158,258 6,583,624 1,123,938 38,637,433 2,850,667 1,556,110 113,926 6,245,028 493,046 13

166,364 

Hardwood

Alder 253,802 47,411 35,640 7,043 8,798 709 — — 6,833 — 495 

Ash 391,541 63,184 25,103 3,973 513,665 39,692 12,277 960 755,222 56,361 141 

Aspen 484,862 81,855 28,566 4,634 2,229,730 176,620 2,173,429 171,342 542,744 40,174 67 Basswood 150,351 25,069 6,909 1,128 132,493 10,443 19,812 1,562 56,341 4,357 79 

Beech 236,849 37,669 13,101 2,074 227,129 17,839 10,967 866 278,440 21,637 49 Yellow birch 80,856 12,641 10,416 1,615 126,234 10,119 596 49 91,196 7,156 2 Other birch 167,986 27,178 41,391 6,533 531,708 41,852 91,880 7,243 455,285 33,703 18 

Black cherry 226,264 35,516 9,762 1,509 162,881 12,785 3,980 312 222,227 16,886 58 

Cottonwood 145,404 22,462 7,845 1,302 112,275 8,607 57,886 4,630 314,769 23,354 9 Elm 132,686 21,986 10,993 1,772 422,017 32,273 5,707 436 827,433 59,254 34 

Hickory 557,287 92,086 30,715 4,930 1,142,437 87,465 29,690 2,259 949,479 71,099 154 Hard maple 581,799 92,209 40,349 6,436 780,030 62,121 26,168 2,076 684,134 51,910 172 Soft maple 690,776 112,316 48,034 7,608 1,343,162 103,872 129,640 10,133 1,280,757 96,137 155 Select red oaks 1,353,058 219,619 112,140 17,451 1,086,246 84,197 43,849 3,393 2,414,173 499 182,937 Other red oaks 2,079,555 349,423 146,165 23,527 5,387,210 411,348 168,956 12,860 3,888,105 604 295,513 

Select white oaks 1,267,047 210,054 65,497 10,438 2,080,377 159,428 72,899 5,562 2,309,475 683 170,934 

Other white oaks 671,780 110,286 35,495 5,705 1,426,826 109,618 34,603 2,636 1,014,611 77,088 495 Sweetgum 633,806 107,329 96,503 15,640 3,451,901 262,238 82,497 6,275 1,732,580 27 132,045 Sycamore 71,989 11,921 853 5,531 98,851 7,472 4,048 308 65,882 4,959 2 

Tupelo/blackgum 179,885 30,352 33,638 5,443 1,187,151 90,115 47,211 3,590 572,446 43,514 28 

Black walnut 83,219 14,526 8,456 1,390 28,782 2,286 1,505 115 84,234 6,165 12 

Yellow-poplar 970,647 157,431 96,511 15,110 1,399,338 106,800 90,286 6,882 1,352,550 3,459 104,476 

Other hardwoods 480,886 79,443 67,784 11,492 4,300,554 354,640 51,749 3,941 3,657,836 1,713 289,647  Total 11,892,335 1,961,966 976,545 157,605 28,179,794 2,192,540 3,159,635 247,430 23,556,751 8,460 1,789,802 3

All species 40,602,219 7,120,224 7,560,169 1,281,543 66,817,228 5,043,207 4,715,745 361,355 29,801,779 2,282,847 16

174,824 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Posts-

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-pilings
51

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996

Region, State, 

and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Connecticut

Softwood 20,849 3,302 — — 2,959 252 — — 633 51 

 

Hardwood 45,839 6,996 — — 12 1 — — 209,630 

16,770 

 Total 66,688 10,298 — — 2,971 253 — — 210,262 

16,821 

Delaware

Softwood 2,518 399 2 — 50,750 4,314 — — 2,349 

188 

Hardwood 16,953 2,587 723 110 9,851 837 — — 12,189 

975 

 Total 19,471 2,986 725 111 60,601 5,151 — — 14,538 1,163 

Maine

Softwood 964,290 152,710 22 3 1,438,743 122,293 — — 78,141 6,251 

Hardwood 308,973 47,221 24,692 1,680,647 3,764 142,855 — — 702,254 

56,181 

 Total 1,273,263 199,931 24,714 3,119,390 3,768 265,148 — — 780,395 62,432 

Maryland

Softwood 36,541 5,787 — — 104,414 8,875 — — 55,555 4,444 

Hardwood 93,355 14,254 8,409 87,925 1,282 7,474 — — 726,620 

58,130 

 Total 129,896 20,041 8,409 192,339 1,282 16,349 — — 782,175 62,574 

Massachusetts

Softwood 52,227 8,271 — — 11,764 1,000 — — 484,347 

38,748 

Hardwood 31,113 4,749 — — 1,230 105 — — 716,965 

57,357 

 Total 83,340 13,020 — — 12,994 1,104 — — 1,201,312 

96,105 

New Hampshire

Softwood 191,679 30,354 31 5 249,527 21,210 — — 27,699 

2,216 

Hardwood 264,041 40,299 12,133 79,590 357,079 30,352 — — 257,301 

20,584 

 Total 455,720 70,653 12,138 79,621 606,606 51,562 — — 285,000 

22,800 

New Jersey

Softwood 1,511 239 — — 5,838 496 — — 12,030 

962 

Hardwood 17,323 2,644 325 2,129 640 54 — — 988,095 

79,048 

 Total 18,834 2,883 325 2,129 6,478 551 — — 1,000,124 

80,010 

New York

Softwood 135,290 21,425 10,750 322,415 1,703 27,405 2,101 179 — — 

Hardwood 422,560 64,493 9,272 292,207 1,413 24,838 22,820 1,940 889,015 

71,121 

 Total 557,850 85,918 20,022 614,622 3,117 52,243 24,921 2,118 889,015 71,121 

Northeast

 Po

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52

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued) Region, State, and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Northeast (cont.)

Pennsylvania

Softwood 40,729 60 6,450 10 73,952 6,286 — — 1,600 128 

Hardwood 872,254 133,127 25,953 3,956 704,401 59,874 — — 245,756 19,661 1,27

 Total 912,983 139,577 26,013 3,966 778,353 66,160 — — 247,356 19,789 1,28

Rhode Island

Softwood 2,080 — 329 — 4,330 368 — — 813 65 — 

Hardwood 3,311 — 505 — — — — — 93,550 7,484 —  Total 5,391 — 835 — 4,330 368 — — 94,363 7,549 — 

Vermont

Softwood 172,337 5,362 27,292 850 203,177 17,270 — — 238 19 10

Hardwood 109,273 4,042 16,678 616 211,633 17,989 — — 285,020 22,802 —  Total 281,610 9,404 43,970 1,466 414,810 35,259 — — 285,258 22,821 10

West Virginia

Softwood 17,214 — 2,726 — 54,068 4,596 — — 2,408 193 23

Hardwood 794,477 121,256 42,748 6,517 295,764 25,140 — — 44,233 3,539 4,83

 

 Total 811,691 123,983 42,748 6,517 349,832 29,736 — — 46,640 3,731 5,07

 

All Northeast States

Softwood 1,637,265 259,284 16,227 2,571 2,521,937 214,365 2,101 179 665,811 53,265 1,91

Hardwood 2,979,472 454,811 197,558 30,116 3,641,389 309,518 22,820 1,940 5,170,627 413,650 6,22

 Total 4,616,737 714,095 213,785 32,688 6,163,326 523,883 24,921 2,118 5,836,439 466,915 8,14

North Central

Illinois

Softwood 337 — 60 — 4,152 328 — — 3,598 252 1

Hardwood 215,698 5,334 35,979 734 37,320 2,948 — — 838,621 58,703 37

 Total 216,035 5,334 36,039 734 41,472 3,276 — — 842,219 58,955 39

Indiana

Softwood 5,678 — 1,013 — 12,684 1,002 — — 8,178 572 2

Hardwood 348,150 23,670 57,984 3,246 47,985 3,791 — — 514,499 36,015 31

 Total 353,829 23,670 58,998 3,246 60,668 4,793 — — 522,676 36,587 33

Iowa

Softwood 102 — 21 — — — — — 781 55 6

Hardwood 88,451 2,539 14,854 519 10,298 814 — — 28,496 407,083 13

 Total 88,552 2,539 14,875 519 10,298 814 — — 407,864 28,550 19

 Posts

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53

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued)Region, State, and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

North Central (cont.)

Michigan

Softwood 24,617 142,968 1,234 201 486,872 38,463 114,334 9,032 9,216 131,810 3,2

Hardwood 86,939 505,073 49,194 8,009 1,564,846 123,623 667,947 52,768 57,939 828,023 

 Total 111,556 648,041 50,428 8,210 2,051,718 162,086 782,281 61,800 67,154 959,834 3,3

Minnesota

Softwood 23,403 123,974 — 571,686 — 44,848 16,896 1,326 1,859 26,553 1,6

Hardwood 33,706 190,569 17,918 2,917 1,055,210 83,076 1,253,161 98,633 54,284 775,481 

 Total 57,109 314,544 17,918 2,917 1,626,896 127,924 1,270,056 99,959 56,142 802,034 1,6

Missouri

Softwood 9,394 49,086 59 14 157 12 — 4,316 — 302 9

Hardwood 111,165 632,695 4,875 1,091 54,851 4,333 — — 37,875 541,069 3

 Total 120,559 681,781 4,935 1,105 55,008 4,346 — — 38,177 545,385 1,3

Ohio

Softwood 558 3,522 — 23,700 — 2,015 — — — — 9

Hardwood 53,172 348,385 15,392 2,346 464,430 39,477 — — 13,375 167,185 1

 Total 53,730 351,907 15,392 2,346 488,130 41,491 — — 13,375 167,185 1,0

Wisconsin

Softwood 18,191 102,898 1,776 289 861,677 68,012 14,668 1,157 3,479 49,694 5

Hardwood 94,535 540,741 49,605 8,076 1,607,216 127,021 461,848 36,487 72,779 1,039,706 1

 Total 112,727 643,640 51,381 8,365 2,468,892 195,032 476,516 37,645 76,258 1,089,400 7

All North Central States

Softwood 77,258 428,567 3,070 504 1,960,928 154,679 145,897 11,516 15,734 224,931 7,4Hardwood 2,869,761 488,335 168,527 26,938 4,842,156 385,082 2,382,956 187,888 359,465 5,111,666 1,5

 Total 3,298,328 565,593 171,597 27,442 6,803,084 539,761 2,528,853 199,404 375,200 5,336,597 9,0

Southern

Alabama

Softwood 2,170,224 399,291 459,489 74,873 5,723,612 415,503 186,840 13,562 15,569 214,591 20,7

 

Hardwood 73,509 417,852 119,374 19,559 3,691,485 281,998 3,814 1,292,959 289 98,711  Total 2,588,076 472,800 578,863 94,432 9,415,097 697,501 190,654 13,851 114,280 1,507,550 20,7

 

Arkansas

Softwood 1,254,627 225,807 392,352 68,257 1,723,921 125,131 697 50 10,989 151,462 4,0

Hardwood 88,965 536,107 38,106 6,047 1,532,282 117,344 2,470 187 76,312 995,810 

 Total 1,790,734 314,772 430,458 74,304 3,256,203 242,475 3,167 1,147,272 237 87,301 4,1

 Pos

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54

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued) Region, State, 

and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Southern (cont.)

Florida

Softwood 769,017 146,856 141,626 24,347 3,957,034 280,917 — — 3,928 53,807 8,

Hardwood 36,260 6,078 1,802 11,274 534,851 40,094 40,178 3,012 22,752 303,360 

 Total 805,277 152,934 152,900 26,149 4,491,885 321,011 40,178 3,012 26,680 357,167 8,

Georgia

Softwood 2,646,284 486,848 361,635 58,924 5,824,692 422,807 508,536 36,900 17,287 238,280 11,

Hardwood 371,718 65,361 124,370 20,367 2,546,198 194,458 135,558 10,343 1,485,630 113,421  Total 3,018,002 552,209 486,005 79,291 8,370,890 617,265 644,094 47,243 1,723,910 130,708 11,

Kentucky

Softwood 33,096 6,015 — 45,686 — 3,336 — — 2,060 150 1,

Hardwood 946,813 155,225 1,009 6,487 224,019 17,034 20,469 1,554 25,000 328,514 

 Total 979,909 161,240 1,009 6,487 269,705 20,370 20,469 1,554 25,150 330,574 1,

Louisiana

Softwood 805,344 153,800 710,819 122,240 3,144,877 223,263 67,036 4,753 7,704 105,535 1,

Hardwood 164,587 27,631 896 5,583 1,217,386 91,278 25,165 1,881 60,928 812,374  Total 969,931 181,431 716,402 123,136 4,362,263 314,541 92,201 6,634 68,632 917,909 1,

Mississippi

Softwood 2,207,550 406,154 352,949 57,510 2,868,185 208,192 171,100 12,415 10,427 143,718 1,

Hardwood 492,389 86,628 5,559 34,013 3,214,072 245,523 138,900 10,603 70,514 923,623  Total 2,699,939 492,782 386,962 63,069 6,082,257 453,715 310,000 23,018 1,067,341 80,941 1,

North Carolina

Softwood 1,614,255 290,523 274,478 47,740 2,666,884 193,572 287,793 20,869 13,699 188,815 2,Hardwood 650,628 107,960 117,746 18,682 1,806,125 138,299 169,534 12,959 1,404,942 107,665  Total 2,264,883 398,483 392,224 66,422 4,473,009 331,871 457,327 33,828 1,593,757 121,364 2,

Oklahoma

Softwood 254,473 45,803 12,300 70,714 396,575 28,788 — — 6,891 500 6,

Hardwood 48,610 8,062 127 803 152,761 11,699 — — 28,853 376,506  Total 303,083 53,865 12,427 71,517 549,336 40,487 — — 29,353 383,397 6,

South Carolina

Softwood 1,219,481 219,484 239,212 42,086 3,084,564 211,577 19,000 1,302 7,886 114,958 3,

Hardwood 164,479 27,615 7,881 48,470 1,531,393 107,941 1,000 70 48,451 660,097 

 Total 1,383,960 247,099 287,682 49,967 4,615,957 319,518 20,000 1,372 56,337 775,055 3,

 Pos

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55

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued)

Region, State, and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Southern (cont.)

Tennessee

Softwood 84,580 15,187 55 617,927 9 44,838 538 38 119,975 8,705 

3

Hardwood 918,160 152,369 10,706 1,685 841,628 64,440 7,154 548 989,233 

75,808 

 Total 1,002,740 167,556 10,761 1,694 1,459,555 109,278 7,692 586 1,109,208 84,513 

3

Texas

Softwood 1,432,953 232,245 1,324,718 214,754 1,574,314 127,487 — — 23,322 1,692 

Hardwood 241,195 40,497 12,621 2,052 1,213,419 97,097 — — 225,279 

17,199 

 Total 1,674,148 272,742 1,337,339 216,806 2,787,733 224,584 — — 248,601 18,891 

Virginia

Softwood 512,624 93,769 81,661 13,134 1,552,276 113,741 137,877 10,089 143,438 10,508 

Hardwood 725,834 119,000 19,949 3,163 1,152,049 87,624 149,685 11,373 1,226,335 

93,324 

 Total 1,238,458 212,769 101,610 16,297 2,704,325 201,365 287,562 21,462 1,369,773 103,832 

All Southern States

Softwood 15,004,508 2,721,782 4,409,708 736,174 33,180,547 2,399,152 1,379,417 99,978 1,506,852 109,044 

68

Hardwood 5,714,632 958,900 549,502 88,829 19,657,668 1,494,829 693,927 52,819 11,024,662 

838,938 

 Total 20,719,140 3,680,682 4,959,210 825,003 52,838,215 3,893,981 2,073,344 152,797 12,531,514 947,982 

68

Rocky Mountains

Arizona

Softwood 85,316 13,037 — — 16,544 1,324 — — 140,917 11,273 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — 86,343 6,907 

 Total 85,316 13,037 — — 16,544 1,324 — — 227,260 18,181 

Colorado

Softwood 67,655 11,645 — — — — — — 322,050 25,764 

Hardwood 6,990 1,203 — — — — — — 158,000 

12,640 

 Total 74,645 12,848 — — — — — — 480,050 38,404 

Idaho

Softwood 1,173,298 184,307 195,933 30,778 235,336 18,827 — — 255,500 20,440 

6

Hardwood 640 100 — — — — 57,601 4,608 24,438 1,955 

 Total 1,173,937 184,407 195,933 30,778 235,336 18,827 57,601 4,608 279,938 22,395 

6

Kansas

Softwood 89 19 — — — — — — 2,763 193 

Hardwood 13,189 2,142 101 — 14 — — — 325,793 22,806  Total 13,278 2,161 101 — 14 — — — 328,556 22,999 

 P

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56

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued) Region, State, and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Montana

Softwood 123,064 763,120 202,666 32,683 57,560 4,605 — — 18,155 226,938 2,255 

Hardwood 7 1 — — — — — — 46,513 3,721 — 

 Total 123,065 763,127 202,666 32,683 57,560 4,605 — — 21,876 273,450 2,255 

Nebraska

Softwood 22,202 3,876 — — — — — — 6,445 451 122 

Hardwood 29,868 4,635 384 87 — — — — 11,717 167,392 44 

 Total 52,070 8,511 384 87 — — — — 12,169 173,837 166 

Nevada

Softwood 8,370 1,279 — — — — — — 30,000 2,400 20 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — — — — 

 Total 8,370 1,279 — — — — — — 30,000 2,400 20 

New Mexico

Softwood 63,519 10,321 — — 18,090 1,422 — — 7,927 100,852 327 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — 45,802 3,600 — 

 Total 63,519 10,321 — — 18,090 1,422 — — 11,527 146,654 327 

North Dakota

Softwood 5 1 — — — — — — 1,462 102 — 

Hardwood 2,605 458 — — — — 2,331 175 32,733 2,291 17 

 Total 2,610 458 — — — — 2,331 175 34,195 2,394 17 

South Dakota

Softwood 78,323 12,777 — — — — 10,800 810 11,476 803 21 

Hardwood 1,066 188 — — — — — — 56,370 3,946 46 

 Total 79,389 12,965 — — — — 10,800 810 67,846 4,749 67 

Utah

Softwood 48,954 8,104 — — — — — — 44,699 3,576 967 

Hardwood 247 41 — — — — — — 18,936 1,515 — 

 Total 49,201 8,145 — — — — — — 63,635 5,091 967 

Wyoming

Softwood 74,378 12,668 — — — — — — 7,644 105,411 1,417 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — 36,833 2,671 — 

 Total 74,378 12,668 — — — — — — 10,315 142,244 1,417 

All Rocky Mountains States

Softwood 2, 381,098 385,228 398,599 63,461 327,529 26,177 10,800 810 1,248,514 98,730 13,109 

Hardwood 54,612 8,767 485 102 — — 59,932 4,783 73,769 999,151 563 

 Total 2, 389,865 439,840 399,084 63,563 327,529 26,177 70,732 5,593 2,247,664 172,499 13,672 

Rocky Mountains (cont.)

 PostsSaw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-piling
57

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, State, species group, and type of product, United States, 1996 (continued)

Region, State, and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Pacific Coast 

Alaska

Softwood 240,491 34,360 — — 239,789 19,183 — — 7,078 88,469 

Hardwood 1,277 182 — — 908 73 — — 5,704 71,306 

 Total 241,767 34,542 — — 240,698 19,256 — — 159,775 12,782 

California

Softwood 2,681,016 515,436 180,023 — 35,334 — — 1,376,674 — 114,718 7

Hardwood — — 99 558 — — — — 657,557 54,794 

 Total 2,681,016 515,436 180,580 — 35,433 — — 2,034,231 — 169,512 7

Oregon

Softwood 3,383,006 601,596 1,075,387 106,270 181,761 8,570 17,895 1,443 519,555 43,295 7Hardwood 4,909 22,637 49,353 9,542 37,673 3,038 — — 239,109 19,925 

 Total 3,405,643 606,505 1,124,739 143,943 191,303 11,608 17,895 1,443 758,663 63,219 7

Washington

Softwood 2,949,802 567,444 500,612 300,433 104,133 28,541 — — 614,222 51,183 61

Hardwood 249,944 46,062 10,561 1,979 — — — — 282,673 23,555 

 Total 3,199,746 613,506 511,173 300,433 106,113 28,541 — — 896,895 74,738 61

All Pacific Coast States

Softwood 9,254,316 1,718,836 1,756,021 646,493 321,228 56,295 17,895 2,598,919 1,443 216,273 75

Hardwood 273,858 51,153 60,472 38,581 11,620 3,111 — 1,250,645 — 103,979 

 Total 9,528,173 1,769,989 1,816,493 685,074 332,849 59,405 17,895 3,849,565 1,443 320,252 75

All regions

All States

Softwood 28,709,884 5,158,258 6,583,625 1,123,938 38,637,434 2,850,668 1,556,110 113,926 6,245,027 493,046 166

 

Hardwood 11,892,335 1,961,966 976,544 28,179,794 157,605 2,192,540 3,159,635 247,430 23,556,751 1,789,801 8

 Total 40,602,219 7,120,224 7,560,169 1,281,543 66,817,228 5,043,208 4,715,745 361,356 29,801,778 2,282,847 174

 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

 Po

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58

Appendix 1

Table 1.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, United States, 1996

Source and National Other Forest Other All

species group forest public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 435,035 396,998 2,531,851 3,622,678 6,986,562 

Hardwood 122,317 239,562 592,534 2,584,630 3,539,043 

 Total 557,353 636,560 3,124,385 6,207,307 10,525,605 

Poletimber

Softwood 139,784 125,001 812,119 1,038,116 2,115,020 

Hardwood 40,956 93,763 245,274 789,333 1,169,326 

 Total 180,739 218,764 1,057,393 1,827,449 3,284,346 

Growing stock

Softwood 574,819 521,999 3,343,970 4,660,793 9,101,582 

Hardwood 163,273 333,325 837,808 3,373,963 4,708,369 

 Total 738,092 855,324 4,181,778 8,034,756 13,809,951 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 134,842 55,277 279,493 465,007 934,618 

Hardwood 54,258 111,184 231,008 1,289,910 1,686,361 

 Total 189,100 166,461 510,501 1,754,917 2,620,979 

All sources

Softwood 709,661 577,277 3,623,463 5,125,800 10,036,200 

Hardwood 217,531 444,509 1,068,816 4,663,874 6,394,729 

 Total 927,192 1,021,786 4,692,279 9,789,673 16,430,930 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet
59

Tables

Table 1.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, United States, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 22,496 14,285 43,562 74,582 154,925 

Cypress 292 3,228 25,662 48,140 77,322 

Douglas-fir 152,225 115,595 606,618 343,102 1,217,540 

True firs 80,847 38,840 224,870 165,883 510,441 

Hemlock 39,629 45,703 151,155 178,330 414,817 

Larch 8,885 5,774 22,904 18,352 55,914 

Jack pine 6,438 23,956 7,693 36,994 75,081 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 99,934 135,418 1,472,241 2,704,081 4,411,674 

Lodgepole pine 48,402 10,715 27,325 51,154 137,595 

Longleaf-slash pine 26,463 51,351 542,015 643,835 1,263,664 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 109,334 38,601 122,976 147,909 418,820 

Red pine 6,122 23,956 8,404 56,967 95,449 

Sugar pine 11,017 1,232 18,017 8,666 38,932 

White pine 6,749 13,046 23,855 168,225 211,875 

Other pines 51,678 30,382 181,674 354,097 617,831 

Redwood 986 5,144 102,528 19,181 127,839 

Spruce 39,312 18,904 41,965 106,300 206,481 

 Total 709,661 577,277 3,623,463 5,125,800 10,036,200 

Hardwood

Alder 523 7,631 24,199 23,307 55,659 

Ash 3,618 11,875 18,605 130,588 164,686 

Aspen 40,935 141,028 62,925 239,676 484,564 

Basswood 2,646 6,416 5,590 28,382 43,033 

Beech 2,397 4,326 11,142 62,404 80,269 

Yellow birch 1,776 2,678 7,698 19,515 31,668 

Other birch 8,986 21,431 16,466 70,037 116,920 

Black cherry 1,366 4,126 6,904 54,959 67,355 

Cottonwood 1,233 3,904 5,637 51,124 61,897 

Elm 996 3,940 11,832 99,144 115,912 

Hickory 6,054 8,020 39,251 205,532 258,857 

Hard maple 9,127 24,050 32,216 149,871 215,264 

Soft maple 11,368 26,038 43,471 249,922 330,798 

Select red oaks 17,139 54,568 41,441 396,183 509,331 

Other red oaks 27,460 30,365 194,311 843,676 1,095,812 

Select white oaks 13,014 20,928 73,079 455,479 562,499 

Other white oaks 18,568 11,962 48,175 229,325 308,030 

Sweetgum 5,356 11,909 125,487 381,185 523,937 

Sycamore 753 340 3,411 21,241 25,745 

Tupelo/blackgum 1,396 3,082 45,909 122,723 173,110 

Black walnut 602 700 789 22,485 24,576 

Yellow-poplar 10,416 13,908 49,949 320,725 394,999 

Other hardwoods 31,805 31,284 200,330 486,388 749,806 

 Total 217,531 444,509 1,068,816 4,663,874 6,394,729 

All species 1,021,786 927,192 4,692,279 9,789,673 16,430,930 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet
60

Appendix 1

Table 1.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, United States, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 112,006 20,486 132,492 22,433 154,925 

Cypress 51,722 19,967 71,688 5,634 77,322 

Douglas-fir 821,977 342,976 1,164,953 52,586 1,217,540 

True firs 339,925 101,939 441,864 68,577 510,441 

Hemlock 29 78,246 7,027 375,273 39,544 414,817 

Larch 39,090 6,782 45,872 10,042 55,914 

Jack pine 37,497 24,328 61,824 13,257 75,081 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 834,188 3,312,177 4,146,366 265,308 4,411,674 

Lodgepole pine 70,575 19,506 90,082 47,514 137,595 

Longleaf-slash pine 834,754 344,006 1,178,760 84,904 1,263,664 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 27 81,377 6,336 357,713 61,107 418,820 

Red pine 62,159 18,972 81,131 14,317 95,449 

Sugar pine 26,858 8,099 34,957 3,975 38,932 

White pine 133,391 16,345 149,736 62,139 211,875 

Other pines 321,829 147,472 469,302 148,529 617,831 

Redwood 96,833 20,084 116,917 10,922 127,839 

Spruce 152,406 30,245 182,651 23,830 206,481 

 Total 6,986,562 2,115,020 9,101,582 934,618 10,036,200 

Hardwood

Alder 47,001 8,032 55,033 627 55,659 

Ash 87,162 20,741 107,903 56,783 164,686 

Aspen 285,693 138,863 424,555 60,009 484,564 

Basswood 27,373 6,859 34,232 8,801 43,033 

Beech 48,673 8,337 57,009 23,260 80,269 

Yellow birch 17,691 2,887 20,578 11,089 31,668 

Other birch 50,027 35,881 85,908 31,012 116,920 

Black cherry 42,719 6,040 48,758 18,597 67,355 

Cottonwood 37,386 4,504 41,889 20,008 61,897 

Elm 43,820 16,588 60,408 55,504 115,912 

Hickory 150,213 44,530 194,742 64,115 258,857 

Hard maple 12 22,493 0,203 142,696 72,568 215,264 

Soft maple 17 64,420 3,055 237,475 93,323 330,798 

Select red oaks 279,309 51,428 330,737 178,595 509,331 

Other red oaks 621,461 209,719 831,180 264,632 1,095,812 

Select white oaks 315,584 87,314 402,899 159,601 562,499 

Other white oaks 182,912 54,675 237,587 70,443 308,030 

Sweetgum 292,166 133,542 425,708 98,230 523,937 

Sycamore 17,072 4,064 21,137 4,608 25,745 

Tupelo/blackgum 92,954 47,610 140,564 32,546 173,110 

Black walnut 13,453 1,394 14,846 9,730 24,576 

Yellow-poplar 239,246 63,393 302,640 92,359 394,999 

Other hardwoods 353,871 136,014 489,885 259,921 749,806 

 Total 3,539,043 1,169,326 4,708,369 1,686,361 6,394,729 

All species 3,284,346 10,525,605 13,809,951 2,620,979 16,430,930 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet
61

Table 1.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 Ownership Growing All Growing Nongrowing All Growing All Growi

and species group stock sources stock stock sources stock sources stock 

National forest

Softwood 574,819 134,842 41,874 709,661 63,189 105,063 12,773 2,718 629,

15,491 

Hardwood 54,258 163,273 20,305 217,531 45,047 65,352 15,153 8,280 198,

23,433 

 Total 738,092 189,100 62,179 927,192 108,236 170,415 27,925 10,999 828,

38,924 

Other public

Softwood 521,999 55,277 27,074 577,277 53,538 80,611 11,711 3,630 560,

15,341 

Hardwood 333,325 111,184 33,034 444,509 112,585 145,619 18,647 12,479 385,

31,126 

 Total 855,324 1,021,786 166,461 60,107 166,123 226,230 30,359 16,109 945,

46,467 

Forest industry

Softwood 3,343,970 3,623,463 279,493 241,868 224,021 465,889 114,814 30,427 3,682,

145,241 

Hardwood 837,808 1,068,816 231,008 219,879 118,470 338,350 93,736 56,053 1,050,

149,789 

 Total 4,181,778 4,692,279 510,501 461,748 342,491 804,239 208,550 86,479 4,732,

295,030 

Other private

Softwood 4,660,793 5,125,800 465,007 375,124 321,774 696,898 208,909 62,970 5,191,

271,879 

Hardwood 3,3 1,289,910 73,963 4,663,874 970,390 505,113 1,475,503 443,386 290,941 4,322,

734,327 

 Total 8,034,756 1,754,917 9,789,673 1,345,514 826,887 2,172,401 652,295 353,911 1,006,207 9,513,

 

All ownerships

Softwood 9,101,582 10,036,200 934,618 733,720 614,743 1,348,462 348,207 99,745 447,952 

10,064,

Hardwood 4,7 1,686,361 08,369 6,394,729 1,347,900 676,922 2,024,823 570,922 367,753 5,956,

938,676 

 Total 13,809,951 2,620,979 16,430,930 1,291,665 2,081,620 3,373,285 919,129 467,498 1,386,628 

16,020,

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

Nongrowing

stock

Nongrowing

stock
62

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 Region, State, Growing All Growing All All Growing 

and species group stock sources stock sources sources stock 

Northeast

Connecticut

Softwood 2,870 773 3,643 143 1,344 1,488 — 19 19 3,013 

Hardwood 16,168 7,599 23,768 1,079 3,604 4,683 — 15 15 

8,678 

Total 10,469 16,941 27,410 1,222 4,948 6,170 — 34 34 

11,691 

Delaware

Softwood 3,758 1,219 4,977 209 1,536 1,745 — 2 2 3,966 

Hardwood 3,201 1,364 4,564 487 1,820 2,306 — — — 3,688 

Total 6,959 2,583 9,541 696 3,356 4,051 — 3 3 7,654 

Maine

Softwood 59,907 222,204 282,111 11,836 98,183 110,019 — 56 56 

234,039 

Hardwood 64,826 185,857 250,683 21,834 99,297 121,131 — 36 36 

207,691 

Total 408,061 124,733 532,794 33,669 197,480 231,150 — 93 93 

441,730 

Maryland

Softwood 12,241 7,323 19,563 650 5,157 5,808 — 22 22 

12,891 

Hardwood 24,677 56,521 81,198 2,939 12,106 15,045 — 161 161 

27,617 

Total 36,918 63,844 100,762 3,590 17,263 20,853 — 184 184 

40,507 

Massachusetts

Softwood 40,505 7,612 48,117 375 3,485 3,860 — 14 14 

7,987 

Hardwood 55,241 6,974 62,215 741 2,498 3,239 — 9 9 

7,715 

Total 14,586 95,747 110,333 1,116 5,983 7,100 — 22 22 

15,703 

New Hampshire

Softwood 42,606 12,927 55,533 2,261 18,782 21,043 — 49 49 

44,867 

Hardwood 83,616 28,521 112,137 11,440 46,000 57,440 — 22 22 

95,056 

Total 126,222 41,447 167,669 13,701 64,782 78,484 — 72 72 

139,923 

New Jersey

Softwood 715 1,065 1,780 38 274 313 — 1 1 753 

Hardwood 72,754 9,332 82,086 464 1,562 2,026 — 10 10 

9,795 

Total 10,047 73,819 83,866 502 1,837 2,338 — 11 11 

10,549 

New York

Softwood 40,495 10,841 51,336 2,152 17,672 19,823 — 1,194 1,194 

42,646 

Hardwood 86,198 77,612 163,809 12,224 46,904 59,128 — 8,708 8,708 

98,421 

Total 126,692 88,453 215,145 14,376 64,576 78,951 — 9,902 9,902 

141,068 

stock

No

Growing

stock

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals All 

Nongrowing

stock

Nongrowing

stock

Nongrowing
63

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued)

Region, State, Growing All Growing All Growing All Growing 

and species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

Northeast (cont.)

Pennsylvania

Softwood 17,248 6,398 23,646 1,487 8,015 9,502 — 26 26 18,735 

Hardwood 174,678 45,114 26,127 219,792 101,053 127,180 — 167 167 200,805 

Total 191,927 51,511 27,614 243,438 109,067 136,681 — 194 194 219,541 

Rhode Island

Softwood 559 203 762 29 242 270 — 2 2 

588 

Hardwood 1,076 6,913 7,989 78 260 338 — 3 3 

1,154 

Total 1,635 7,117 8,752 107 502 609 — 5 5 

1,742 

Vermont

Softwood 36,103 9,429 45,532 1,856 16,149 18,004 — 4 4 37,958 

Hardwood 35,287 22,797 58,084 4,050 17,613 21,663 — 11 11 39,338 

Total 71,390 32,226 5,906 103,616 33,762 39,668 — 15 15 77,296 

West Virginia

Softwood 5,946 1,802 7,748 326 2,560 2,886 — 10 10 

6,272 

Hardwood 138,109 23,189 22,932 161,298 81,634 104,566 — 126 126 161,041 

Total 144,055 24,991 23,258 169,046 84,194 107,452 — 136 136 167,313 

All Northeast States

Softwood 392,355 152,393 544,748 21,362 173,399 194,761 — 1,400 1,400 413,717 Hardwood 756 471,020 ,605 1,227,625 104,395 414,351 518,746 — 9,270 9,270 860,999 

Total 1,148,959 623,413 1,772,372 125,757 587,751 713,507 — 10,669 10,669 1,274,716 

North Central

Illinois

Softwood 389 269 658 9 169 179 342 178 520 

741 

Hardwood 42,440 58,758 10,059 101,198 20,427 30,486 23,927 16,510 40,437 76,426 

Total 42,830 59,027 10,068 101,856 20,596 30,665 24,269 16,687 40,957 77,167 

Indiana

Softwood 2,051 575 2,626 107 1,514 1,621 903 293 1,195 

3,061 

Hardwood 64,536 37,231 16,629 101,767 34,298 50,927 11,614 10,257 21,871 92,779 

Total 66,586 37,807 16,736 104,393 35,811 52,548 12,517 10,549 23,066 95,839 

Iowa

Softwood 63 78 141 2 18 21 40 86 126 

105 

Hardwood 14,226 30,656 44,881 3,382 8,132 11,514 7,790 8,984 16,774 25,398 

Total 14,289 30,734 45,023 3,384 8,150 11,534 7,830 9,070 16,899 25,503 

stock stock stock 

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

Nongrowing Nongrowing Nongrowing 
64

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued) Region, State, Growing All Growing All Growing All Growing 

and species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

North Central (cont.)

Michigan

Softwood 73,025 12,478 85,503 3,238 20,689 23,927 2,114 1,324 3,438 78,377 

Hardwood 249,715 80,317 330,032 19,190 54,066 73,255 5,446 3,951 9,397 274,351 

Total 322,740 92,796 415,536 22,428 74,754 97,182 7,561 5,275 12,836 352,729 

Minnesota

Softwood 69,116 4,468 73,583 2,544 33,460 36,004 3,062 1,963 5,024 74,721 

Hardwood 219,076 55,069 274,146 14,857 95,057 109,914 15,734 12,533 28,267 249,667 

Total 288,192 59,537 347,729 17,401 128,517 145,918 18,796 14,495 33,291 324,388 

Missouri

Softwood 11,200 1,326 12,526 1,301 5,851 7,153 195 316 511 12,695 

Hardwood 104,265 57,435 161,700 25,360 62,869 88,229 18,748 30,245 48,993 148,374 

Total 115,465 58,761 174,226 26,661 68,720 95,382 18,943 30,561 49,504 161,069 

Ohio

Softwood 2,654 871 3,525 194 1,163 1,357 — 25 25 2,848 

Hardwood 22,300 86,729 109,029 11,639 49,968 61,606 — 654 654 98,368 

Total 89,383 23,172 112,555 11,833 51,131 62,964 — 680 680 101,216 

Wisconsin

Softwood 78,527 14,037 92,563 2,160 25,354 27,514 1,394 381 1,775 82,081 Hardwood 251,949 90,736 342,685 19,523 102,845 122,368 6,236 5,400 11,637 277,708 

Total 330,476 104,773 435,249 21,683 128,200 149,883 7,630 5,781 13,411 359,789 

All North Central States

Softwood 237,025 34,102 271,126 9,556 88,218 97,775 8,048 4,566 12,614 254,629 Hardwood 432,504 1,032,936 1,465,440 427,662 120,639 548,300 89,496 88,533 178,029 1,243,071 

Total 1,269,961 466,605 1,736,566 515,880 130,195 646,075 97,545 93,098 190,643 1,497,700 

Southern

Alabama

Softwood 895,844 43,951 939,795 53,011 18,307 71,318 36,491 4,081 40,572 985,347 

Hardwood 372,088 102,146 474,234 57,747 20,471 78,218 25,963 14,190 40,153 455,798 

Total 1,267,932 146,097 1,414,029 38,778 110,758 149,536 62,455 18,270 80,725 1,441,144 

Arkansas

Softwood 400,409 34,104 434,513 20,954 25,265 46,219 15,462 5,589 21,051 436,826 

Hardwood 226,710 62,166 288,876 44,221 59,553 103,774 39,422 27,360 66,782 310,354 

Total 627,119 96,270 723,389 65,176 84,817 149,993 54,885 32,948 87,833 747,179 

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 
65

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued)

Region, State, Growing All Growing All Growing All Grow

and species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stoc

Southern (cont.)

Florida

Softwood 445,605 34,140 479,745 26,069 18,208 44,277 27,696 1,680 499

29,376 

Hardwood 22,152 51,817 73,969 10,270 11,680 21,950 24,755 23,820 86

48,575 

Total 497,421 56,293 553,714 36,339 29,888 66,227 52,450 25,501 586

77,951 

Georgia

Softwood 946,269 91,524 1,037,793 60,664 15,092 75,756 55,427 35,285 1,062

90,712 

Hardwood 321 82,736 ,686 404,422 55,710 33,615 89,325 66,704 33,253 444

99,957 

Total 1,267,955 174,260 1,442,215 116,374 48,707 165,081 122,130 68,539 190,669 1,506

 

Kentucky

Softwood 7,766 3,540 11,306 879 300 1,179 6,996 4,498 15

11,494 

Hardwood 142 57,328 ,702 200,030 35,101 25,432 60,533 55,859 11,791 233

67,650 

Total 150,468 60,868 211,336 35,980 25,732 61,712 62,855 16,289 249

79,144 

Louisiana

Softwood 492,061 21,182 513,243 44,289 27,451 71,740 26,583 3,159 562

29,742 

Hardwood 162 20,025 ,589 182,614 37,696 71,237 108,933 28,118 20,963 228

49,081 

Total 654,650 41,207 695,857 81,985 98,688 180,673 54,701 24,122 791

78,823 

Mississippi

Softwood 672,684 23,465 696,149 37,105 45,180 82,285 19,924 4,107 729

24,031 

Hardwood 360 57,922 ,905 418,827 37,335 112,321 149,656 29,413 18,372 427

47,785 

Total 1,033,590 81,386 1,114,976 74,440 157,501 231,941 49,337 22,479 1,157

71,816 

North Carolina

Softwood 537,316 31,292 568,608 35,280 11,851 47,131 32,825 7,680 605

40,505 

Hardwood 326 59,569 ,028 385,597 46,124 39,763 85,887 46,577 29,707 418

76,284 

Total 863,343 90,862 954,205 81,404 51,614 133,018 79,402 37,387 116,789 1,024

 

Oklahoma

Softwood 73,320 20,169 93,489 5,678 5,181 10,859 7,966 1,450 86

9,416 

Hardwood 23,561 25,180 48,741 9,649 3,496 13,145 9,306 8,320 37

17,626 

Total 98,500 43,730 142,230 15,327 8,677 24,004 17,272 9,770 124

27,042 

South Carolina

Softwood 459,447 26,914 486,361 31,428 15,161 46,589 34,557 5,760 525

40,317 

Hardwood 165 26,879 ,079 191,958 29,199 24,030 53,229 33,732 25,796 228

59,528 

Total 624,526 53,793 678,319 60,627 39,191 99,818 68,289 31,556 753

99,845 

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 
66

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued) Region, State, Growing Nongrowing All Growing All Growing All Growin

and species group stock stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

Southern (cont.)

Tennessee

Softwood 64,390 8,900 73,290 4,373 3,278 7,651 9,510 1,266 10,776 78,2

 

Hardwood 234,502 60,348 294,850 22,359 21,351 43,710 32,900 14,480 47,380 289,7

 

Total 298,892 69,248 368,140 26,732 24,629 51,361 42,410 15,746 58,156 368,0

 

Texas

Softwood 554,680 23,396 578,076 34,602 22,468 57,070 46,342 7,059 53,401 635,6

 

Hardwood 143,506 13,339 156,845 27,314 40,526 67,840 40,251 8,349 48,600 211,0

 

Total 698,186 36,735 734,921 61,916 62,994 124,910 86,593 15,408 102,001 846,6

 

Virginia

Softwood 222,916 19,554 242,470 14,601 4,991 19,592 17,338 11,152 28,490 254,8

 

Hardwood 254,086 62,896 316,982 37,503 27,173 64,676 42,563 22,451 65,014 334,1

 

Total 477,002 82,450 559,452 52,104 32,164 84,268 59,900 33,604 93,504 589,0

 

All Southern States

Softwood 5,772,708 382,130 6,154,838 368,436 581,666 213,230 337,118 92,765 429,883 6,478,2

 

Hardwood 2,786,877 651,068 3,437,945 444,077 940,876 496,799 475,563 258,852 734,415 3,706,5

Total 8,5 1,033,197 59,586 9,592,783 812,513 1,522,542 710,029 812,680 351,618 1,164,298 10,184,7

Rocky Mountains

Arizona

Softwood 14,413 11,726 26,140 1,023 4,386 5,409 — — — 15,4

 

Hardwood 6 6,902 6,907 215 — 215 — — — 

Total 14,419 18,628 33,047 1,023 4,601 5,624 — — — 15,4

 

Colorado

Softwood 11,997 26,300 38,297 831 3,210 4,042 — — — 12,8

 

Hardwood 7,391 10,611 18,002 379 1,311 1,690 — — — 7,7

 

Total 19,388 36,911 56,299 1,211 4,521 5,731 — — — 20,5

 

Idaho

Softwood 225,522 40,690 266,212 21,519 46,735 68,254 — — — 247,0

 

Hardwood 4,947 1,716 6,664 446 1,045 1,492 — — — 5,3

 

Total 230,469 42,406 272,876 21,965 47,780 69,746 — — — 252,4

 

Kansas

Softwood 39 174 213 7 — 7 24 30 54 

Hardwood 2,798 22,585 25,382 334 591 925 3,202 6,075 9,277 6,3

 

Total 2,837 22,759 25,596 334 598 932 3,226 6,105 9,331 6,3

 

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock
67

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued)

Region, State, Growing All All All Growinand species group stock sources sources sources stock 

Rocky Mountains (cont.)

Montana

Softwood 152,260 30,857 183,117 18,475 38,921 57,395 — — — 170,73

 

Hardwood 566 3,156 3,722 — 144 144 — — — 56

Total 152,826 34,012 186,839 18,475 39,064 57,539 — — — 171,30

 

Nebraska

Softwood 3,991 577 4,568 415 624 1,039 90 182 92 4,49

 

Hardwood 4,887 11,671 16,558 719 1,605 2,324 984 2,334 1,350 6,59

 

Total 8,878 12,248 21,126 1,134 2,229 3,363 1,074 2,516 1,442 11,08

 

Nevada

Softwood 1,253 2,446 3,699 89 341 430 — — — 1,34

 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — — — 

Total 1,253 2,446 3,699 89 341 430 — — — 1,34

 

New Mexico

Softwood 11,451 9,333 20,784 484 3,075 3,559 — — — 11,93

 

Hardwood 1,116 3,574 4,690 47 191 238 — — — 1,16

 

Total 12,566 12,908 25,474 531 3,266 3,797 — — — 13,09

 

North Dakota

Softwood 5 107 102 — 2 2 — — — 

Hardwood 590 2,351 2,941 96 172 268 704 2,021 1,317 1,39

 

Total 595 2,453 3,048 96 174 270 704 2,021 1,317 1,39

 

South Dakota

Softwood 13,379 1,033 14,412 1,020 4,668 5,688 1,218 2,033 815 15,61

 

Hardwood 210 3,969 4,179 36 67 103 555 2,767 2,212 80

Total 13,589 5,002 18,591 1,056 4,736 5,791 1,772 4,800 3,028 16,41

 

Utah

Softwood 7,076 7,158 14,235 376 1,857 2,233 — — — 7,45

 

Hardwood 796 1,342 2,138 63 138 200 — — — 85

Total 7,872 8,500 16,372 439 1,995 2,433 — — — 8,31

 

Wyoming

Softwood 13,321 8,730 22,051 853 3,754 4,606 — — — 14,17

 

Hardwood — 2,671 2,671 — — — — — — — 

Total 13,321 11,401 24,722 853 3,754 4,606 — — — 14,17

 

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 Nongrowing

 stock

Growing Nongrowing

stock stock

Nongrowing

stock

 Growing

 stock
68

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, State, species group, removals class, and source, United States, 1996 (continued)Region, State, Growing Nongrowing All Growing Nongrowing All Growing All Gro

and species group stock stock sources stock stock sources stock sources sto

All Rocky Mountains States

Softwood 454,707 139,127 593,834 45,085 107,579 152,664 1,332 937 50

2,269 

Hardwood 23,307 70,548 93,855 2,119 5,480 7,599 5,445 16,398 10,954 3

Total 478,014 209,675 687,689 47,204 113,059 160,263 6,776 18,667 11,891 53

Pacific Coast

Alaska

Softwood 136,143 3,953 140,096 40,061 30,448 70,509 1,095 — 17

1,095 

Hardwood 4,588 1,375 5,962 635 462 1,098 6 — 

6 

Total 140,731 5,327 146,058 40,696 30,911 71,607 1,100 — 18

1,100 

California

Softwood 561,828 110,961 672,790 56,183 43,683 99,866 9 77 61

86 

Hardwood 9,112 45,781 54,893 911 — 912 13 145 1

158 

Total 570,940 156,742 727,682 57,094 43,684 100,778 22 222 62

244 

Oregon

Softwood 788,756 56,154 844,909 35,398 40,465 75,863 100 — 82

100 

Hardwood 30,772 6,642 37,414 874 274 1,147 69 — 3

69 

Total 819,528 62,796 882,324 36,272 40,738 77,010 169 — 85

169 

Washington

Softwood 758,059 55,800 813,859 38,661 36,696 75,357 506 — 79

506 

Hardwood 64,172 7,424 71,596 3,273 2,873 6,145 331 — 6

331 

Total 822,231 63,224 885,455 41,934 39,569 81,503 837 — 86

837 

All Pacific Coast States

Softwood 2,244,786 226,868 2,471,654 170,303 151,293 321,596 1,709 77 2,41

1,786 

Hardwood 108,644 61,222 169,865 5,693 3,609 9,302 419 145 11

564 

Total 2,353,430 288,089 2,641,519 175,996 154,902 330,898 2,128 222 2,53

2,350 

All regions

All States

Softwood 9,101,581 934,620 10,036,200 614,742 733,719 1,348,462 348,207 447,952 99,745 10,06

Hardwood 4,708,369 1,686,362 6,394,730 676,923 1,347,901 2,024,823 570,923 938,676 367,754 5,95

Total 13,809,950 2,620,979 16,430,929 1,291,665 2,081,621 3,373,285 919,129 1,386,627 467,498 16,02

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 stock

 Nongrowing
69

Table 1.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,softwood, hardwood, and use, United States, 1996

 Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood 2,124 877,423 28,652 152,233 1,060,432

Hardwood 6,381 407,873 17,911 155,021 587,186

Total 8,505 1,285,296 46,563 307,253 1,647,618

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 1,6 179,606 34,125 14,459 115,327 1,943,518

Hardwood 39 173,777 2,678 22,045 74,961 663,462

Total 2,026,804 353,383 36,504 190,288 2,606,979

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 42 734,036 9,824 18,765 191,533 1,374,158

Hardwood 14,558 263,309 27,629 147,614 453,111

Total 444,382 997,346 46,394 339,147 1,827,270

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 2,0 913,642 63,949 33,224 306,860 3,317,676

Hardwood 40 437,087 7,237 49,675 222,575 1,116,573

Total 2,471,186 1,350,729 82,899 529,435 4,434,249

All residue

Softwood 2,0 1,791,066 66,073 61,877 459,093 4,378,108Hardwood 41 844,960 3,618 67,586 377,596 1,703,759

Total 2,479,691 2,636,025 129,462 836,689 6,081,867

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

 Fiber

 byproducts

 Fuelwood

 byproducts

 Misc.

 byproducts

All

byproducts

Table 1.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by typsoftwood, hardwood, and use, United States, 1996

Source Bark residue

Softwood 30 13,140 2Hardwood 87 6,105 2

Total 117 19,246 4

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 24,244 2,573 1Hardwood 6,236 2,719 1

Total 30,480 5,292 2

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 6,079 11,258 2Hardwood 224 4,228 2

Total 6,303 15,486 5

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 30,323 13,830 4Hardwood 6,460 6,947 3

Total 36,783 20,777 8

All residue

Softwood 30,353 26,971 6Hardwood 6,547 13,052 5

Total 36,900 40,023 12

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Fiber Fuelwood M

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts byp
70

Appendix 1

Table 2.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

Northeast Region, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 294,742 259,284 -35,458 -12.0

Hardwood 381,515 454,811 73,296 19.2 

 Total 676,257 714,095 37,838 5.6 

Veneer logs

Softwood 2,409 2,571 162 6.7 

Hardwood 21,401 30,116 8,715 40.7 

 Total 23,810 32,687 8,877 37.3 

Pulpwood

Softwood 246,167 214,365 -31,802 -12.9

Hardwood 275,736 309,518 33,782 12.3 

 Total 521,903 523,883 1,980 0.4 

Other industriala

Softwood 23,463 15,263 -8,200 -34.9

Hardwood 21,678 19,530 -2,148 -9.9

 Total 45,141 34,793 -10,348 -22.9

All industrial

Softwood 566,781 491,483 -75,298 -13.3

Hardwood 700,330 813,975 113,645 16.2 

 Total 1,267,111 1,305,458 38,347 3.0 

Fuelwood

Softwood 84,473 53,265 -31,208 -36.9

Hardwood 855,181 413,650 -441,531 -51.6

 Total 939,654 466,915 -472,739 -50.3

All products

Softwood 651,254 544,748 -106,506 -16.4

Hardwood 1,555,511 1,227,625 -327,886 -21.1

 Total 2,206,765 1,772,373 -434,392 -19.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

a Other industrial includes composite products, posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change
71

Table 2.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, Northeast Region, 1996

Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Sawtimber

Softwood 1,305,917 206,810 12,943 1,447,044 2,051 122,999 1,206 102 40,165 3,213 1,0

Hardwood 2,611,787 398,679 173,317 2,110,220 26,421 179,369 13,224 1,124 608,019 48,638 4,3

 Total 605,489 3,917,704 186,260 3,557,263 28,472 302,367 14,430 1,227 648,184 51,851 5,3

Poletimber

Softwood 4,828 765 8 48 524,538 44,586 437 37 22,124 1,770 2

Hardwood 21,533 3,287 1,432 218 870,015 73,951 5,452 463 112,486 9,002 1,1 Total 26,361 4,051 1,480 226 1,394,553 118,537 5,889 501 134,609 10,772 1,3

Growing stock

Softwood 1,310,745 207,575 12,991 1,971,581 2,058 167,584 1,643 140 62,289 4,983 1,2

Hardwood 2,633,320 401,965 174,749 2,980,235 26,639 253,320 18,676 1,587 720,504 57,640 5,4

 Total 609,540 3,944,065 187,739 4,951,817 28,698 420,904 20,319 1,727 782,793 62,623 6,7

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 326,520 51,709 3,236 513 550,355 46,780 459 39 603,523 48,282 6

Hardwood 346,151 52,845 22,810 661,154 3,477 56,198 4,143 352 4,450,123 356,010 7

 Total 104,554 672,672 26,045 1,211,509 3,990 102,978 4,602 391 5,053,646 404,292 1,4

All sources

Softwood 1,637,265 259,284 16,227 2,521,937 2,571 214,365 2,101 179 665,811 53,265 1,9

Hardwood 2,979,472 454,811 197,558 3,641,389 30,116 309,518 22,820 1,940 5,170,627 413,650 6,2

 Total 714,095 4,616,737 213,785 6,163,326 32,688 523,883 24,921 2,118 5,836,439 466,915 8,1

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Post

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-pi
72

Table 2.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, Northeast Region, 1996

Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

National forest 

Softwood 13,688 2,167 224 36 34,363 2,921 — — 185 2,316 

Hardwood 46,122 7,039 2,366 361 78,055 6,635 — — 2,719 33,984 7

 Total 59,810 9,207 2,590 396 112,419 9,556 — — 2,904 36,300 8

Other public

Softwood 46,892 7,426 607 96 63,752 5,419 245 21 3,640 45,506 Hardwood 170,916 26,091 3,673 560 163,494 13,897 2,657 226 51,040 638,006 4 Total 217,808 33,517 4,280 656 227,247 19,316 2,902 247 54,681 683,512 4

Forest industry

Softwood 505,666 80,079 2,305 365 681,739 57,948 74 6 5,109 63,866 3

Hardwood 335,549 51,246 17,804 2,714 1,123,200 95,472 797 68 46,283 578,540 8 Total 841,215 131,325 20,109 3,079 1,804,939 153,420 871 74 51,392 642,406 1,1

Other private

Softwood 1,071,020 169,611 13,091 2,074 1,742,082 148,077 1,783 152 44,330 554,124 1,4

Hardwood 2,426,885 370,435 173,715 26,482 2,276,639 193,514 19,366 1,646 3,920,097 313,608 4,1 Total 3,497,905 540,046 186,806 28,556 4,018,722 341,591 21,148 1,798 4,474,221 357,937 5,6

All ownerships

Softwood 1,637,265 259,284 16,227 2,571 2,521,937 214,365 2,101 179 53,265 665,811 1,9

Hardwood 2,979,472 454,811 197,558 30,116 3,641,389 309,518 22,820 1,940 5,170,627 413,650 6,2

 Total 4,616,737 714,095 213,785 32,688 6,163,326 523,883 24,921 2,118 5,836,439 466,915 8,1

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
73

Table 2.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, Northeast Region, 1996

Species 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Softwood

Cedars 31,257 4,950 — — 2,862 243 5 — 2,549 204 

True firs 696,443 1,729 110,292 274 392,764 33,385 37 3 13,069 1,045 

 

Hemlock 226,560 5,445 35,879 863 616,467 52,400 620 53 55,477 4,438 

Larch 4,621 732 — — 52,480 4,461 173 15 379 30 

 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 32,924 5,214 2 — 73,068 6,211 — — 31,251 2,500 

Red pine 44,744 7,086 81 13 80,259 6,822 598 51 27,120 2,170 White pine 524,137 7,578 83,005 1,201 516,906 43,937 531 45 392,864 31,429 Other pines 25,769 4,080 60 10 155,858 13,248 69 6 127,487 10,199 Spruce 50,810 1,332 8,047 211 631,272 53,658 69 6 15,615 1,249 

 

 Total 1,637,265 259,284 16,227 2,571 2,521,937 214,365 2,101 179 665,811 

53,265 

Hardwood

Ash 140,577 4,628 21,456 705 15,397 1,309 2,237 190 210,032 16,803 

 

Aspen 149,364 1,312 22,797 200 117,400 9,979 899 76 110,775 8,862 

 

Basswood 42,100 159 6,425 24 3,800 323 642 55 30,580 2,446 

 

Beech 111,018 3,840 16,944 585 41,123 3,495 3,237 275 141,358 11,309 

 

Yellow birch 64,913 7,779 9,910 1,186 25,049 2,129 306 26 76,136 6,091 

 

Other birch 84,484 19,027 12,955 2,901 4,739 403 385 33 86,254 6,900 

 

Black cherry 145,510 2,397 22,208 365 20,563 1,748 1,042 89 86,021 6,882 

 

Elm 12,436 442 1,898 67 3,321 282 96 8 11,204 896 

 

Hickory 43,027 214 6,567 33 18,274 1,553 94 8 21,465 1,717 

 

Hard maple 291,452 7,791 44,483 1,188 84,996 7,225 4,028 342 360,989 28,879 

Soft maple 267,924 12,854 40,892 1,959 39,416 3,350 4,176 355 331,153 26,492 Select red oaks 629,413 70,732 96,067 10,783 84,622 7,193 3,684 313 1,061,086 84,887 Other red oaks 234,924 9,148 35,855 1,395 34,194 2,906 304 26 678,501 54,280 Select white oaks 206,046 7,424 31,448 1,132 35,467 3,015 728 62 178,024 14,242 Other white oaks 163,164 4,548 24,903 693 40,069 3,406 486 41 35,454 2,836 Sweetgum 20,295 3,098 47 7 — — — — 105,911 8,473 

 

Sycamore 36 234 — — — — — — 44 4 

 

Tupelo/blackgum 580 3,797 — — 2 — — — 766 61 

 

Black walnut 6,791 313 1,036 48 37 3 25 2 4,704 376 

 

Yellow-poplar 265,850 43,260 40,578 6,595 30,735 2,612 156 13 376,434 30,115 

 

Other hardwoods 96,153 1,643 14,675 250 3,042,186 258,586 294 25 1,263,735 101,099 

 Total 2,979,472 454,811 197,558 30,116 3,641,389 309,518 22,820 1,940 5,170,627 

413,650 

All species 4,616,737 714,095 213,785 32,688 6,163,326 523,883 24,921 2,118 5,836,439 

466,915 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Po

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles
74

Table 2.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Northeast Region, 1996 State and 

species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Connecticut

Softwood 20,849 3,302 — — 2,959 252 — — 633 51 

Hardwood 45,839 6,996 — — 12 1 — — 209,630 16,770 

 Total 66,688 10,298 — — 2,971 253 — — 210,262 16,821 

Delaware

Softwood 2,518 399 2 — 50,750 4,314 — — 2,349 188 

Hardwood 16,953 2,587 110 723 9,851 837 — — 12,189 975  Total 19,471 2,986 111 725 60,601 5,151 — — 14,538 1,163 

Maine

Softwood 964,290 152,710 3 22 1,438,743 122,293 — — 78,141 6,251 

5

Hardwood 308,973 47,221 24,692 3,764 1,680,647 142,855 — — 702,254 56,181  Total 1,273,263 199,931 24,714 3,768 3,119,390 265,148 — — 780,395 62,432 

5

Maryland

Softwood 36,541 5,787 — — 104,414 8,875 — — 55,555 4,444 

4

Hardwood 93,355 14,254 8,409 1,282 87,925 7,474 — — 726,620 58,130 

 Total 129,896 20,041 8,409 1,282 192,339 16,349 — — 782,175 62,574 

5

Massachusetts

Softwood 52,227 8,271 — — 11,764 1,000 — — 484,347 38,748 

Hardwood 31,113 4,749 — — 1,230 105 — — 716,965 57,357 

 Total 83,340 13,020 — — 12,994 1,104 — — 1,201,312 96,105 

New Hampshire

Softwood 191,679 30,354 5 31 249,527 21,210 — — 27,699 2,216 

Hardwood 264,041 40,299 79,590 12,133 357,079 30,352 — — 257,301 20,584  Total 455,720 70,653 79,621 12,138 606,606 51,562 — — 285,000 22,800 

New Jersey

Softwood 1,511 239 — — 5,838 496 — — 12,030 962 

Hardwood 17,323 2,644 325 2,129 640 54 — — 988,095 79,048 

 Total 18,834 2,883 325 2,129 6,478 551 — — 1,000,124 80,010 

New York

Softwood 135,290 21,425 10,750 1,703 322,415 27,405 2,101 179 — — 

3

Hardwood 422,560 64,493 9,272 1,413 292,207 24,838 22,820 1,940 889,015 71,121 

 Total 557,850 85,918 20,022 3,117 614,622 52,243 24,921 2,118 889,015 71,121 

3

 Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
75

Table 2.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Northeast Region, 1996 (continued)State and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Pennsylvania

Softwood 40,729 6,450 60 10 73,952 6,286 — — 128 1,600 

Hardwood 872,254 133,127 25,953 3,956 704,401 59,874 — — 245,756 19,661 1,27 Total 912,983 139,577 26,013 3,966 778,353 66,160 — — 247,356 19,789 1,28

Rhode Island

Softwood 2,080 329 — — 4,330 368 — — 813 65 — 

Hardwood 3,311 505 — — — — — — 93,550 7,484 — 

 Total 5,391 835 — — 4,330 368 — — 94,363 7,549 — 

Vermont

Softwood 172,337 27,292 5,362 850 203,177 17,270 — — 238 19 10

Hardwood 109,273 16,678 4,042 616 211,633 17,989 — — 285,020 22,802 —  Total 281,610 43,970 9,404 1,466 414,810 35,259 — — 285,258 22,821 10

West Virginia

Softwood 17,214 2,726 — — 54,068 4,596 — — 193 2,408 23

Hardwood 794,477 121,256 42,748 6,517 295,764 25,140 — — 44,233 3,539 4,83

 Total 811,691 123,983 42,748 6,517 349,832 29,736 — — 46,640 3,731 5,07

All Northeast States

Softwood 1,637,265 259,284 16,227 2,571 2,521,937 214,365 2,101 179 665,811 53,265 1,91

Hardwood 2,979,472 454,811 197,558 30,116 3,641,389 309,518 22,820 1,940 5,170,627 413,650 6,22

 Total 4,616,737 714,095 213,785 32,688 6,163,326 523,883 24,921 2,118 5,836,439 466,915 8,14

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Posts

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-pil
76

Appendix 1

Table 2.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, Northeast Region, 1996

Source and Other Forest Other All

species group public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 3,612 10,994 98,738 229,778 343,122 

Hardwood 12,371 35,910 115,667 502,553 666,500 

 Total 15,983 46,904 214,404 732,331 1,009,622 

Poletimber

Softwood 662 1,649 12,923 33,998 49,233 

Hardwood 2,196 4,317 25,226 58,366 90,104 

 Total 2,858 5,965 38,149 92,365 139,337 

Growing stock

Softwood 4,274 12,643 111,661 263,776 392,355 

Hardwood 14,566 40,226 140,893 560,919 756,605 

 Total 18,841 52,869 252,554 824,696 1,148,959 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 1,309 7,446 32,533 111,105 152,393 

Hardwood 4,458 52,149 58,554 355,858 471,020 

 Total 5,767 59,596 91,087 466,963 623,413 

All sources

Softwood 5,583 20,090 144,194 374,881 544,748 

Hardwood 19,024 92,376 199,447 916,778 1,227,625 

 Total 24,607 112,465 343,641 1,291,659 1,772,372 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

National

forest
77

Tables

Table 2.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, Northeast Region, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 3 167 2,688 3,416 6,274 

True firs 1,012 1,912 69,164 73,019 145,107 

Hemlock 1,078 5,571 21,043 74,309 102,001 

Larch 14 216 1,494 3,514 5,238 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine — 100 2,552 11,806 14,458 

Red pine 52 2,512 1,594 13,232 17,390 

White pine 1,983 7,407 19,006 133,309 161,706 

Other pines 315 880 5,012 22,977 29,183 

Spruce 1,126 1,324 21,641 39,300 63,391 

 Total 5,583 20,090 144,194 374,881 544,748 

Hardwood

Ash 687 3,958 3,796 32,252 40,693 

Aspen 150 1,344 12,235 28,198 41,926 

Basswood 176 643 1,013 7,531 9,363 

Beech 284 2,812 4,937 24,709 32,743 

Yellow birch 356 676 4,393 13,986 19,410 

Other birch 197 614 5,249 17,489 23,550 

Black cherry 422 2,640 3,557 24,949 31,569 

Elm 8 198 203 2,791 3,201 

Hickory 86 716 702 8,487 9,990 

Hard maple 1,154 5,302 12,306 63,773 82,535 

Soft maple 624 6,379 7,458 58,916 73,377 

Select red oaks 1,739 31,191 9,149 157,916 199,995 

Other red oaks 453 3,573 4,076 87,000 95,103 

Select white oaks 497 4,460 2,931 42,660 50,548 

Other white oaks 418 2,597 1,872 27,591 32,478 

Sweetgum — 838 806 9,951 11,595 

Sycamore — 3 1 35 39 

Tupelo/blackgum 8 41 35 584 668 

Black walnut 26 120 93 1,238 1,476 

Yellow-poplar 1,721 8,113 6,652 67,053 83,539 

Other hardwoods 10,018 16,156 117,983 239,670 383,826 

 Total 19,024 92,376 199,447 916,778 1,227,625 

All species 112,465 24,607 343,641 1,291,659 1,772,372 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
78

Appendix 1

Table 2.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, Northeast Region, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 4,562 192 4,754 1,520 6,274 

True firs 107,537 7,317 114,854 30,252 145,107 

Hemlock 63,929 12,198 76,127 25,874 102,001 

Larch 3,156 934 4,090 1,149 5,238 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 8,133 1,461 9,593 4,865 14,458 

Red pine 10,268 1,622 11,891 5,499 17,390 

White pine 94,180 10,021 104,200 57,505 161,706 

Other pines 13,788 4,251 18,039 11,145 29,183 

Spruce 37,570 11,237 48,807 14,584 63,391 

 Total 343,122 49,233 392,355 152,393 544,748 

Hardwood

Ash 21,635 895 22,530 18,163 40,693 

Aspen 26,780 2,746 29,526 12,400 41,926 

Basswood 6,084 188 6,272 3,091 9,363 

Beech 18,534 1,204 19,737 13,005 32,743 

Yellow birch 11,624 756 12,379 7,031 19,410 

Other birch 14,823 481 15,303 8,246 23,550 

Black cherry 21,595 731 22,326 9,243 31,569 

Elm 1,983 105 2,088 1,113 3,201 

Hickory 461 6,897 7,359 2,632 9,990 

Hard maple 47,205 2,792 49,997 32,538 82,535 

Soft maple 41,990 1,722 43,712 29,665 73,377 

Select red oaks 105,525 4,002 109,527 90,468 199,995 

Other red oaks 36,961 2,302 39,264 55,839 95,103 

Select white oaks 31,881 1,283 33,164 17,384 50,548 

Other white oaks 25,058 1,160 26,218 6,259 32,478 

Sweetgum 3,344 123 3,467 8,128 11,595 

Sycamore 32 — 32 7 39 

Tupelo/blackgum 531 10 541 127 668 

Black walnut 990 15 1,004 472 1,476 

Yellow-poplar 47,506 1,991 49,496 34,043 83,539 

Other hardwoods 195,525 67,136 262,661 121,166 383,826 

 Total 666,500 90,104 756,605 471,020 1,227,625 

All species 139,337 1,009,622 1,148,959 623,413 1,772,372 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
79

Table 2.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, Northeast Region, 1996 Ownership Growing All Growing All All Growi

and species group stock sources stock sources sources stock 

National forest

Softwood 4,274 1,309 5,583 237 1,848 2,085 — — — 4,5

Hardwood 14,566 4,458 19,024 1,923 8,117 10,039 — — — 16,4 Total 18,841 5,767 24,607 2,160 9,964 12,124 — — — 21,0

Other public

Softwood 12,643 7,446 20,090 843 5,735 6,578 — 7 7 13,4

Hardwood 40,226 52,149 92,376 5,271 20,826 26,097 — 310 310 45,4 Total 52,869 59,596 112,465 6,115 26,561 32,675 — 317 317 58,9

Forest industry

Softwood 111,661 32,533 144,194 5,891 49,521 55,412 — 143 143 117,5

Hardwood 140,893 58,554 199,447 17,181 76,929 94,110 — 209 209 

158,0

 Total 252,554 91,087 343,641 23,072 126,450 149,522 — 352 352 

275,6

Other private

Softwood 263,776 111,105 374,881 14,391 116,296 130,687 — 1,249 1,249 

278,

Hardwood 560,919 355,858 916,778 80,020 308,479 388,499 — 8,751 8,751 

640,9

 Total 824,696 466,963 1,291,659 94,410 424,775 519,186 — 10,001 10,001 

919,

All ownerships

Softwood 392,355 152,393 544,748 21,362 173,399 194,761 — 1,400 1,400 

413,7

Hardwood 756,605 471,020 1,227,625 104,395 414,351 518,746 — 9,270 9,270 

860,9

 Total 1,148,959 623,413 1,772,372 125,757 587,751 713,507 — 10,669 10,669 1,274,7

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

stock

Nongrowing

stock

Thousand cubic feet

Nongrowing

stock

Growing

stock

Nongrowing
80

Table 2.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Northeast Region, 1996 State and Growing All Growing All All Growing 

species group stock sources stock sources sources stock 

Connecticut

Softwood 2,870 773 3,643 143 1,344 1,488 — 19 19 

3,013 

Hardwood 7,599 16,168 23,768 3,604 1,079 4,683 — 15 15 

8,678 

Total 10,469 16,941 27,410 4,948 1,222 6,170 — 34 34 

11,691 

Delaware

Softwood 3,758 1,219 4,977 209 1,536 1,745 — 2 2 

3,966 

Hardwood 3,201 1,364 4,564 487 1,820 2,306 — — — 

3,688 

Total 6,959 2,583 9,541 696 3,356 4,051 — 3 3 

7,654 

Maine

Softwood 222,204 59,907 282,111 98,183 11,836 110,019 — 56 56 

234,039 

Hardwood 185,857 64,826 250,683 99,297 21,834 121,131 — 36 36 

207,691 

Total 408,061 124,733 532,794 197,480 33,669 231,150 — 93 93 

441,730 

Maryland

Softwood 12,241 7,323 19,563 650 5,157 5,808 — 22 22 

12,891 

Hardwood 24,677 56,521 81,198 12,106 2,939 15,045 — 161 161 

27,617 

Total 36,918 63,844 100,762 17,263 3,590 20,853 — 184 184 

40,507 

Massachusetts

Softwood 7,612 40,505 48,117 375 3,485 3,860 — 14 14 

7,987 

Hardwood 6,974 55,241 62,215 741 2,498 3,239 — 9 9 

7,715 

Total 14,586 95,747 110,333 5,983 1,116 7,100 — 22 22 

15,703 

New Hampshire

Softwood 42,606 12,927 55,533 18,782 2,261 21,043 — 49 49 

44,867 

Hardwood 83,616 28,521 112,137 46,000 11,440 57,440 — 22 22 

95,056 

Total 126,222 41,447 167,669 64,782 13,701 78,484 — 72 72 

139,923 

New Jersey

Softwood 715 1,065 1,780 38 274 313 — 1 753 1 

Hardwood 9,332 72,754 82,086 464 1,562 2,026 — 10 10 

9,795 

Total 10,047 73,819 83,866 502 1,837 2,338 — 11 11 

10,549 

New York

Softwood 40,495 10,841 51,336 17,672 2,152 19,823 — 1,194 1,194 

42,646 

Hardwood 86,198 77,612 163,809 46,904 12,224 59,128 — 8,708 8,708 

98,421 

Total 126,692 88,453 215,145 64,576 14,376 78,951 — 9,902 9,902 

141,068 

 N

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals Al

Thousand cubic feet

Nongrowing

stock

Growing

stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock
81

Table 2.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Northeast Region, 1996 (continued)

State and Growing All Growing All All Growi

species group stock sources stock sources sources stock 

Pennsylvania

Softwood 17,248 6,398 23,646 1,487 8,015 9,502 — 26 26 18,7

Hardwood 174,678 219,792 45,114 26,127 101,053 127,180 — 167 167 

200,

Total 191,927 243,438 51,511 27,614 109,067 136,681 — 194 194 

219,5

Rhode Island

Softwood 559 203 762 29 242 270 — 2 2 5

Hardwood 1,076 6,913 7,989 78 260 338 — 3 3 1,

Total 1,635 7,117 8,752 107 502 609 — 5 5 1,7

Vermont

Softwood 36,103 9,429 45,532 1,856 16,149 18,004 — 4 4 37,9

Hardwood 35,287 58,084 22,797 4,050 17,613 21,663 — 11 11 39,

Total 71,390 103,616 32,226 5,906 33,762 39,668 — 15 15 77,2

West Virginia

Softwood 5,946 1,802 7,748 326 2,560 2,886 — 10 10 6,2

Hardwood 138,109 161,298 23,189 22,932 81,634 104,566 — 126 126 

161,0

Total 144,055 169,046 24,991 23,258 84,194 107,452 — 136 136 

167,

All Northeast States

Softwood 392,355 544,748 152,393 21,362 173,399 194,761 — 1,400 1,400 

413,7

Hardwood 756,605 471,020 1,227,625 104,395 414,351 518,746 — 9,270 9,270 

860,9

Total 1,148,959 623,413 1,772,372 125,757 587,751 713,507 — 10,669 10,669 1,274,7

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

Growing

stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock
82

Table 2.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,softwood, hardwood, and use, Northeast Region, 1996

 Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood 871 4,692 9,008 1,898 16,470

Hardwood 2,165 16,472 38,802 5,344 62,783

Total 3,037 21,164 47,810 7,242 79,253

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 18,999 14,326 4,324 2,943 40,593

Hardwood 72,250 52,160 15,825 7,618 147,853

Total 91,249 66,486 20,149 10,561 188,445

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 7,457 2,078 19,940 1,904 31,379

Hardwood 2,566 36,292 59,274 7,201 105,333

Total 4,645 43,749 79,214 9,105 136,712

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 21,077 21,783 24,264 4,846 71,971

Hardwood 74,816 88,452 75,098 14,820 253,186

Total 95,893 110,236 99,363 19,666 325,158

All residue

Softwood 21,949 26,476 33,272 6,745 88,441

Hardwood 76,981 104,924 113,900 20,164 315,970

Total 98,930 131,400 147,172 26,909 404,411

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

Fiber

byproducts

Fuelwood

byproducts

Misc.

byproducts

All

byproducts

Table 2.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by tysoftwood, hardwood, and use, Northeast Region, 199

Source Bark residue

Softwood 13 70 Hardwood 32 247 

Total 46 317 

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 285 215 Hardwood 1,084 782 

Total 1,369 997 

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 31 112 Hardwood 38 544 

Total 70 656 1

 

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 316 327 Hardwood 1,122 1,327 1

 

Total 1,438 1,654 1

 

All residue

Softwood 329 397 Hardwood 1,155 1,574 1

 

Total 1,484 1,971 2

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Fiber Fuelwood M

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts byp
83

Tables

Table 3.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

North Central Region, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 67,648 77,258 9,610 14.2 

Hardwood 442,699 488,335 45,636 10.3 

 Total 510,347 565,593 55,246 10.8 

Veneer logs

Softwood 1,177 504 -673 -57.2

Hardwood 19,515 26,938 7,423 38.0 

 Total 20,692 27,442 6,750 32.6 

Pulpwooda

Softwood 142,859 166,195 23,336 16.3 

Hardwood 488,928 572,970 84,042 17.2 

 Total 631,787 739,165 107,378 17.0 

Other industrialb

Softwood 10,165 11,436 1,271 12.5 

Hardwood 15,215 17,731 2,516 16.5 

 Total 25,380 29,167 3,787 14.9 

All industrial

Softwood 221,849 255,393 33,544 15.1 

Hardwood 966,357 1,105,974 139,617 14.4 

 Total 1,188,206 1,361,367 173,161 14.6 

Fuelwood

Softwood 33,993 15,734 -18,259 -53.7

Hardwood 711,164 359,466 -351,698 -49.5

 Total 745,157 375,200 -369,957 -49.6

All products

Softwood 255,842 271,127 15,285 6.0 

Hardwood 1,677,521 1,465,440 -212,081 -12.6

 Total 1,933,363 1,736,567 -196,796 -10.2

Numbers in rows and colums may not add to totals due to rounding.

a Pulpwood total includes composite product totals. b Other industrial total includes posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change
84

Table 3.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, North Central Region, 1996Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Sawtimber

Softwood 399,452 70,681 2,912 455 979,921 77,276 88,807 7,010 36,189 2,530 

2,3

Hardwood 2,490,067 419,654 24,447 158,968 2,199,155 175,171 1,336,960 105,371 430,249 30,525 

5

 Total 2,889,519 490,335 24,902 161,880 3,179,076 252,447 1,425,767 112,381 466,438 33,055 

2,8

Poletimber

Softwood 16,658 3,911 — — 762,224 60,110 26,512 2,091 42,661 2,983 

3,7

Hardwood 113,209 21,548 111 17 1,790,613 142,070 871,082 68,714 444,480 31,338 

2

 Total 129,867 25,459 111 17 2,552,837 202,179 897,594 70,805 487,141 34,321 

3,9

Growing stock

Softwood 416,110 74,592 2,912 455 1,742,145 137,386 115,319 9,101 78,850 5,513 

6,0

Hardwood 2,603,277 441,203 24,464 159,080 3,989,768 317,240 2,208,042 174,085 874,730 61,863 

7

 Total 3,019,387 515,795 24,919 161,991 5,731,913 454,626 2,323,361 183,186 953,579 67,376 

6,8

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 12,457 2,666 158 49 218,783 17,293 30,579 2,415 146,082 10,221 

1,3

Hardwood 266,485 47,132 9,448 2,474 852,388 67,842 174,914 13,803 4,236,936 297,602 

8

 Total 278,941 49,798 9,606 2,523 1,071,171 85,135 205,493 16,218 4,383,018 307,823 

2,

All sources

Softwood 428,567 77,258 3,070 504 1,960,928 154,679 145,897 11,516 224,931 15,734 

7,4

Hardwood 2,869,761 488,335 26,938 168,527 4,842,156 385,082 2,382,956 187,888 5,111,666 359,465 

1,5

 Total 3,298,328 565,593 27,442 171,597 6,803,084 539,761 2,528,853 199,404 5,336,597 375,200 

9,0

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood

Post

poles-p
85

Table 3.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, North Central Region, 1996

Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

National forest 

Softwood 47,809 8,594 315 52 176,263 13,871 11,024 870 14,484 1,013 4

Hardwood 116,081 20,283 7,628 1,245 329,981 26,053 202,987 16,004 56,089 3,925  Total 163,889 28,877 7,943 1,296 506,245 39,924 214,012 16,874 70,573 4,937 4

Other public

Softwood 117,286 21,164 564 92 536,713 42,254 70,058 5,531 45,820 3,204 1,4

Hardwood 317,780 55,076 22,603 3,663 1,233,643 97,717 814,872 64,229 374,164 26,312  Total 435,067 76,240 23,167 3,756 1,770,356 139,971 884,930 69,760 419,984 29,515 1,4

Forest industry

Softwood 43,445 7,781 696 114 310,832 24,507 4,223 333 113 8 1,0Hardwood 152,480 26,133 18,062 2,937 780,680 61,785 247,528 19,527 21,928 1,613  Total 195,925 33,914 18,757 3,051 1,091,512 86,292 251,751 19,860 22,041 1,621 1,1

Other private

Softwood 220,027 39,719 1,495 246 937,120 74,047 60,592 4,782 164,514 11,510 4,4

Hardwood 2,283,420 386,843 120,235 2,497,852 19,093 199,526 1,117,569 88,128 4,659,485 327,616 1,4

 Total 2,503,447 426,562 121,730 3,434,971 19,339 273,574 1,178,161 92,911 4,824,000 339,126 5,9

All ownerships

Softwood 428,567 77,258 3,070 504 1,960,928 154,679 145,897 11,516 224,931 15,734 7,4

Hardwood 2,869,761 488,335 168,527 4,842,156 26,938 385,082 2,382,956 187,888 5,111,666 359,465 1,5

 Total 3,298,328 565,593 171,597 27,442 6,803,084 539,761 2,528,853 199,404 5,336,597 9,0

375,200 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

 Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
86

Table 3.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, North Central Region, 1996 

Species 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Softwood

Cedars 25,861 5,668 4 19 9,013 716 321 25 10,479 734 3,783 

Cypress — — — — — — — — 103 — 7 

True firs 5,104 1,028 — — 402,678 31,647 7,253 572 21,381 43 1,495 Hemlock 10,229 1,718 — — 100,024 7,927 294 23 — — — Larch 305 61 222 36 29,821 2,346 — — 526 8 37 

Jack pine 83,319 16,784 1 3 541,477 42,714 119,792 9,455 74,384 5,203 511 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 41,823 7,265 11 48 3,297 261 — — 1,868 131 889 Red pine 188,295 31,908 81 500 477,463 37,709 14,869 1,174 72,803 5,092 1,259 

White pine 57,110 9,704 171 1,049 52,927 4,205 2,653 210 28,751 15 2,013 

Other pines 4,661 786 — — 26,656 2,194 — — 8,411 589 924 

Spruce 11,860 2,336 200 1,229 317,572 24,960 714 56 6,225 14 435 

 Total 428,567 77,258 504 3,070 1,960,928 154,679 145,897 11,516 224,931 15,734 7,447 

Hardwood

Alder — — — — — — — — 5,132 — 359 

Ash 125,372 20,721 810 5,256 146,414 11,712 1,884 149 251,632 6 17,713 

Aspen 328,918 57,928 27,254 4,434 2,112,330 166,641 2,170,199 171,091 315,731 25 22,121 

Basswood 93,721 16,240 6,255 1,024 106,598 8,435 16,790 1,326 9,893 1 702 

Beech 38,439 6,192 291 1,885 27,307 2,247 1,183 93 29,372 3 2,123 Yellow birch 14,598 2,508 427 2,623 99,589 7,868 290 23 13,467 — 943 

Other birch 49,214 8,497 20,214 3,290 460,138 36,369 89,147 7,031 252,624 — 17,685 Black cherry 48,176 7,828 763 5,016 25,743 2,170 31 2 75,204 3 5,362 

Cottonwood 84,439 12,611 148 911 28,677 2,270 — — 53,790 — 3,773 

Elm 24,873 4,027 112 720 51,545 4,126 31 2 484,600 2 33,963 

Hickory 78,633 12,760 196 1,316 39,694 3,286 — — 227,292 70 15,998 

Hard maple 230,611 37,834 31,038 5,005 647,000 51,232 17,323 1,368 270,985 9 19,046 

Soft maple 185,993 31,874 499 3,210 489,694 38,840 77,085 6,091 430,724 8 30,225 Select red oaks 392,096 68,041 20,628 3,318 172,784 13,916 8,022 634 821,081 57,635 215 

Other red oaks 537,348 93,351 7,946 1,217 125,252 10,361 943 75 510,649 35,985 195 Select white oaks 343,977 58,803 17,509 2,783 139,211 11,465 — — 908,563 63,880 188 Other white oaks 82,354 14,057 536 3,242 39,489 3,335 — — 104,268 74 7,402 

Sweetgum 5,054 831 700 96 — — — — 233 — 16 Sycamore 35,717 5,841 257 1,844 3,936 329 — — 8,553 1 612 

Tupelo/blackgum 3,370 534 72 11 2,988 254 — — 987 1 78 Black walnut 45,864 8,495 6,822 1,134 10,706 910 — — 42,757 6 3,028 Yellow-poplar 100,718 16,132 482 3,363 53,874 4,535 — — 29,725 19 2,252 

Other hardwoods 20,274 3,231 104 702 59,187 4,782 28 2 264,404 18,564 752 

 Total 2,869,761 488,335 168,527 26,938 4,842,156 385,082 2,382,956 187,888 5,111,666 359,465 1,579 

All species 565,593 3,298,328 171,597 27,442 6,803,084 539,761 2,528,853 199,404 5,336,597 375,200 9,026 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Posts-

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-pilings
87

Table 3.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, North Central Region, 1996

State and 

species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Illinois

Softwood 337 60 — 4,152 — 328 — — 3,598 18 252 

Hardwood 215,698 35,979 5,334 37,320 734 2,948 — — 838,621 375 58,703 

 Total 216,035 36,039 5,334 41,472 734 3,276 — — 842,219 393 58,955 

Indiana

Softwood 5,678 1,013 — 12,684 — 1,002 — — 8,178 21 572 Hardwood 348,150 57,984 23,670 47,985 3,246 3,791 — — 514,499 311 36,015 

 Total 353,829 58,998 23,670 60,668 3,246 4,793 — — 522,676 333 36,587 

Iowa

Softwood 102 21 — — — — — — 781 65 55 

Hardwood 88,451 14,854 2,539 10,298 519 814 — — 407,083 131 28,496 

 Total 88,552 14,875 2,539 10,298 519 814 — — 407,864 196 28,550 

Michigan

Softwood 142,968 24,617 1,234 201 486,872 38,463 114,334 9,032 131,810 3,247 9,216 

Hardwood 505,073 86,939 49,194 8,009 1,564,846 123,623 667,947 52,768 828,023 56 57,939 

 Total 648,041 111,556 50,428 8,210 2,051,718 162,086 782,281 61,800 959,834 3,303 67,154 

Minnesota

Softwood 123,974 23,403 — — 571,686 44,848 16,896 1,326 26,553 1,661 1,859 

Hardwood 190,569 33,706 17,918 2,917 1,055,210 83,076 1,253,161 98,633 775,481 — 54,284 

 Total 314,544 57,109 17,918 2,917 1,626,896 127,924 1,270,056 99,959 802,034 1,661 56,142 

Missouri

Softwood 49,086 9,394 59 157 14 12 — — 4,316 945 302 

Hardwood 632,695 111,165 4,875 54,851 1,091 4,333 — — 541,069 366 37,875 

 Total 681,781 120,559 4,935 55,008 1,105 4,346 — — 545,385 1,311 38,177 

Ohio

Softwood 3,522 558 — 23,700 — 2,015 — — — 931 — Hardwood 348,385 53,172 15,392 2,346 464,430 39,477 — — 167,185 155 13,375 

 Total 351,907 53,730 15,392 2,346 488,130 41,491 — — 167,185 1,086 13,375 

Wisconsin

Softwood 102,898 18,191 1,776 289 861,677 68,012 14,668 1,157 49,694 559 3,479 

Hardwood 540,741 94,535 49,605 8,076 1,607,216 127,021 461,848 36,487 1,039,706 185 72,779 

 Total 643,640 112,727 51,381 8,365 2,468,892 195,032 476,516 37,645 1,089,400 744 76,258 

All North Central States

Softwood 428,567 77,258 3,070 504 1,960,928 154,679 145,897 11,516 224,931 7,447 15,734 

Hardwood 2,869 488,335 ,761 168,527 26,938 4,842,156 385,082 2,382,956 187,888 5,111,666 1,579 359,465 

 Total 3,298 565,593 ,328 171,597 27,442 6,803,084 539,761 2,528,853 199,404 5,336,597 9,026 375,200 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 PostsSaw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-pilings 
88

Appendix 1

Table 3.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, North Central Region, 1996

Source and Other Forest Other All

species group public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 16,795 46,887 21,077 79,004 163,763 

Hardwood 39,185 141,342 62,686 522,357 765,570 

 Total 55,980 188,229 83,763 601,361 929,333 

Poletimber

Softwood 6,124 19,363 9,918 37,856 73,262 

Hardwood 18,672 69,508 33,713 145,473 267,366 

 Total 24,796 88,871 43,632 183,329 340,628 

Growing stock

Softwood 22,919 66,251 30,995 116,860 237,025 

Hardwood 57,858 210,849 96,399 667,830 1,032,936 

 Total 80,776 277,100 127,395 784,690 1,269,961 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 2,183 7,839 3,045 21,035 34,102 

Hardwood 10,152 38,026 16,530 367,795 432,504 

 Total 12,335 45,865 19,575 388,830 466,605 

All sources

Softwood 25,101 74,090 34,040 137,894 271,126 

Hardwood 68,010 248,875 112,929 1,035,625 1,465,440 

 Total 93,111 322,965 146,970 1,173,520 1,736,566 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

National

forest
89

Tables

Table 3.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, North Central Region, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 743 1,343 1,452 9,437 12,974 

Cypress 2 — — 5 7 

True firs 3,660 12,296 6,670 12,161 34,787 

Hemlock 755 1,099 2,697 5,119 9,670 

Larch 396 766 501 826 2,488 

Jack pine 6,438 23,956 7,693 36,994 75,081 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 1,268 493 792 6,335 8,887 

Red pine 6,070 21,444 6,810 43,736 78,059 

White pine 1,119 3,273 1,449 10,831 16,672 

Other pines 5 251 450 3,787 4,493 

Spruce 4,647 9,168 5,528 8,665 28,008 

 Total 25,101 74,090 34,040 137,894 271,126 

Hardwood

Alder — 5 1 353 359 

Ash 1,457 5,092 2,506 42,253 51,308 

Aspen 31,121 138,727 50,690 206,863 427,401 

Basswood 1,893 5,675 4,061 16,470 28,098 

Beech 356 990 354 9,269 10,969 

Yellow birch 1,134 1,930 3,301 5,422 11,788 

Other birch 6,545 18,695 9,864 37,818 72,922 

Black cherry 150 760 277 14,992 16,180 

Cottonwood 52 903 53 18,158 19,167 

Elm 278 1,964 376 39,699 42,316 

Hickory 522 1,069 699 30,529 32,820 

Hard maple 7,535 18,179 18,229 70,626 114,570 

Soft maple 5,023 16,658 8,944 77,099 107,725 

Select red oaks 3,811 18,499 3,635 118,483 144,428 

Other red oaks 5,004 7,762 5,060 124,713 142,540 

Select white oaks 2,116 7,581 2,430 129,495 141,622 

Other white oaks 641 1,345 1,040 24,305 27,331 

Sweetgum 21 20 5 897 943 

Sycamore 79 117 66 6,943 7,206 

Tupelo/blackgum 9 62 42 767 879 

Black walnut 40 327 127 13,153 13,646 

Yellow-poplar 12 1,041 564 22,073 23,690 

Other hardwoods 210 1,475 605 25,242 27,532 

 Total 68,010 248,875 112,929 1,035,625 1,465,440 

All species 322,965 93,111 146,970 1,173,520 1,736,566 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
90

Appendix 1

Table 3.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, North Central Region, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 6,873 4,061 10,935 2,039 12,974 

Cypress — — — 7 7 

True firs 20,740 11,395 32,135 2,652 34,787 

Hemlock 5,568 2,813 8,381 1,288 9,670 

Larch 1,478 851 2,329 159 2,488 

Jack pine 37,497 24,328 61,824 13,257 75,081 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 7,568 694 8,262 625 8,887 

Red pine 51,890 17,350 69,240 8,819 78,059 

White pine 11,904 2,242 14,146 2,527 16,672 

Other pines 2,194 1,078 3,272 1,221 4,493 

Spruce 18,050 8,450 26,499 1,508 28,008 

 Total 163,763 73,262 237,025 34,102 271,126 

Hardwood

Alder — — — 359 359 

Ash 24,912 5,560 30,472 20,836 51,308 

Aspen 253,193 135,482 388,675 38,726 427,401 

Basswood 17,821 5,791 23,612 4,486 28,098 

Beech 7,284 826 8,110 2,859 10,969 

Yellow birch 5,752 2,071 7,823 3,965 11,788 

Other birch 23,607 30,398 54,005 18,917 72,922 

Black cherry 9,340 1,096 10,436 5,744 16,180 

Cottonwood 13,048 1,159 14,207 4,960 19,167 

Elm 6,554 2,392 8,946 33,370 42,316 

Hickory 13,973 1,978 15,951 16,869 32,820 

Hard maple 60,918 17,721 78,639 35,931 114,570 

Soft maple 46,348 25,727 72,075 35,649 107,725 

Select red oaks 73,000 14,947 87,947 56,481 144,428 

Other red oaks 89,213 7,715 96,928 45,613 142,540 

Select white oaks 65,927 8,432 74,359 67,262 141,622 

Other white oaks 16,595 1,514 18,110 9,221 27,331 

Sweetgum 843 4 847 96 943 

Sycamore 5,440 260 5,700 1,506 7,206 

Tupelo/blackgum 640 77 717 162 879 

Black walnut 6,685 420 7,105 6,542 13,646 

Yellow-poplar 18,281 1,492 19,773 3,917 23,690 

Other hardwoods 6,195 2,305 8,500 19,032 27,532 

 Total 765,570 267,366 1,032,936 432,504 1,465,440 

All species 340,628 929,333 1,269,961 466,605 1,736,566 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
91

Table 3.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, North Central Region, 1996 Ownership Growing All Growing All Growing All Growin

and species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

National forest

Softwood 22,919 2,183 968 25,101 9,247 10,215 360 221 581 24,

Hardwood 57,858 10,152 5,214 68,010 22,338 27,551 981 1,058 2,039 64, Total 80,776 12,335 6,181 93,111 31,585 37,766 1,341 1,280 2,621 88,

Other public

Softwood 66,251 7,839 2,380 74,090 25,260 27,641 2,175 1,008 3,183 70,

Hardwood 210,849 38,026 248,875 78,164 15,605 93,770 5,021 4,397 9,419 

231,

 Total 277,100 45,865 322,965 103,425 17,986 121,411 7,196 5,406 12,601 

302,

Forest industry

Softwood 30,995 3,045 1,271 34,040 11,872 13,143 199 255 455 32,

Hardwood 96,399 16,530 8,074 112,929 36,314 44,388 473 411 884 

104,

 Total 127,395 19,575 9,346 146,970 48,186 57,531 672 1,339 666 

137,

Other private

Softwood 116,860 21,035 4,937 137,894 41,839 46,776 5,314 3,081 8,395 

127,

Hardwood 667,830 367,795 1,035,625 290,846 91,745 382,591 83,021 82,666 165,687 

842,

 Total 784,690 388,830 1,173,520 332,685 96,682 429,367 88,336 85,747 174,083 

969,

All ownerships

Softwood 237,025 34,102 9,556 271,126 88,218 97,775 8,048 4,566 12,614 

254,

Hardwood 1,032,936 432,504 1,465,440 120,639 427,662 548,300 89,496 88,533 178,029 1,243,

 

 Total 1,269,961 466,605 1,736,566 130,195 515,880 646,075 97,545 93,098 190,643 1,497,7

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

stock stock stock

Nongrowing Nongrowing Nongrowing

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals
92

Table 3.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, North Central Region, 1996 State and Growing All Growing All All Growing Nong

species group stock sources stock sources sources stock s

Illinois

Softwood 389 658 269 9 169 179 342 178 520 

741 

Hardwood 42,440 58,758 101,198 10,059 20,427 30,486 23,927 16,510 40,437 76,426 

Total 42,830 59,027 101,856 10,068 20,596 30,665 24,269 16,687 40,957 77,167 

Indiana

Softwood 2,051 2,626 575 107 1,514 1,621 903 293 1,195 3,061 

Hardwood 64,536 37,231 101,767 16,629 34,298 50,927 11,614 10,257 21,871 92,779 

Total 66,586 37,807 104,393 16,736 35,811 52,548 12,517 10,549 23,066 95,839 

Iowa

Softwood 63 141 78 2 18 21 40 86 126 

105 

Hardwood 14,226 44,881 30,656 3,382 8,132 11,514 7,790 8,984 16,774 25,398 

Total 14,289 45,023 30,734 3,384 8,150 11,534 7,830 9,070 16,899 25,503 

Michigan

Softwood 73,025 85,503 12,478 3,238 20,689 23,927 2,114 1,324 3,438 78,377 

Hardwood 249,715 80,317 330,032 19,190 54,066 73,255 5,446 3,951 9,397 274,351 1

Total 322,740 92,796 415,536 22,428 74,754 97,182 7,561 5,275 12,836 352,729 1

Minnesota

Softwood 69,116 73,583 4,468 2,544 33,460 36,004 3,062 1,963 5,024 74,721 

Hardwood 219,076 55,069 274,146 14,857 95,057 109,914 15,734 12,533 28,267 249,667 1

Total 288,192 59,537 347,729 17,401 128,517 145,918 18,796 14,495 33,291 324,388 2

Missouri

Softwood 11,200 12,526 1,326 1,301 5,851 7,153 195 316 511 12,695 

Hardwood 104,265 57,435 161,700 25,360 62,869 88,229 18,748 30,245 48,993 148,374 1

Total 115,465 58,761 174,226 26,661 68,720 95,382 18,943 30,561 49,504 161,069 1

Ohio

Softwood 2,654 3,525 871 194 1,163 1,357 — 25 25 2,848 

Hardwood 86,729 22,300 109,029 11,639 49,968 61,606 — 654 654 98,368 

Total 89,383 23,172 112,555 11,833 51,131 62,964 — 680 680 101,216 

Wisconsin

Softwood 78,527 92,563 14,037 2,160 25,354 27,514 1,394 381 1,775 82,081 

Hardwood 251,949 90,736 342,685 19,523 102,845 122,368 6,236 5,400 11,637 277,708 1

Total 330,476 104,773 435,249 21,683 128,200 149,883 7,630 5,781 13,411 359,789 2

All North Central States

Softwood 237,025 34,102 271,126 9,556 88,218 97,775 8,048 4,566 12,614 254,629 1

Hardwood 1,032,936 432,504 1,465,440 120,639 427,662 548,300 89,496 88,533 178,029 1,243,071 9

Total 1,269,961 466,605 1,736,566 130,195 515,880 646,075 97,545 93,098 190,643 1,0

1,497,700 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 stock

 Growing

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals All re
93

Table 3.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,softwood, hardwood, and use, North Central Region, 1996

 Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood 104 32,174 5,321 1,692 39,290

Hardwood 3,639 118,878 63,323 6,567 192,407

Total 3,742 151,052 68,645 8,259 231,697

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 1 4,206 3,077 3,004 720 21,007

Hardwood 73,751 49,733 34,101 4,044 161,629

Total 86,828 53,939 37,105 4,764 182,636

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 1,166 13,650 2,844 1,558 19,218

Hardwood 4,387 51,309 45,279 9,262 110,237

Total 5,553 64,959 48,122 10,820 129,454

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 1 17,856 4,243 5,848 2,278 40,225

Hardwood 78,138 101,042 79,379 13,307 271,866

Total 92,381 118,898 85,227 15,584 312,091

All residue

Softwood 1 50,030 4,347 11,169 3,969 79,515

Hardwood 81,777 219,920 142,702 19,874 464,273

Total 96,124 269,950 153,871 23,843 543,788

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

Fiber Fuelwood Misc. All

byproducts byproducts byproducts byproducts

Table 3.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by tysoftwood, hardwood, and use, North Central Region

Source Bark residue

Softwood 1 381 

Hardwood 45 1,414 

Total 47 1,795 

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 215 69 

Hardwood 1,191 807 

Total 1,406 876 

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 19 220 

Hardwood 70 820 

Total 90 1,040 

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 234 289 

Hardwood 1,261 1,627 1

Total 1,496 1,916 1

All residue

Softwood 236 670 Hardwood 1,307 3,041 2

Total 1,542 3,711 2

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Fiber Fuelwood M

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts byp
94

Appendix 1

Table 4.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

Southern Region, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 2,721,782 2,329,345 392,437 16.8 

Hardwood 1,027,967 958,900 -69,067 -6.7

 Total 3,357,312 3,680,682 323,370 9.6 

Veneer logs

Softwood 736,174 718,806 17,368 2.4 

Hardwood 76,565 88,829 12,264 16.0 

 Total 795,371 825,003 29,632 3.7 

Pulpwood

Softwood 2,399,152 2,239,076 160,076 7.1 

Hardwood 1,157,158 1,494,829 337,671 29.2 

 Total 3,396,234 3,893,981 497,747 14.7 

Other industriala

Softwood 188,686 148,500 40,186 27.1 

Hardwood 63,792 56,449 -7,343 -11.5

 Total 212,292 245,135 32,843 15.5 

All industrial

Softwood 6,045,794 5,435,727 610,067 11.2 

Hardwood 2,325,482 2,599,007 273,525 11.8 

 Total 7,761,209 8,644,801 883,592 11.4 

Fuelwood

Softwood 69,588 109,044 39,456 56.7 

Hardwood 782,701 838,938 56,237 7.2 

 Total 852,289 947,982 95,693 11.2 

All products

Softwood 6,154,838 5,505,315 649,523 11.8 

Hardwood 3,108,183 3,437,945 329,762 10.6 

 Total 8,613,498 9,592,783 979,285 11.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

a Other industrial includes composite products, posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change
95

Table 4.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, Southern Region, 1996Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Sawtimber

Softwood 14,023,017 2,542,188 694,619 4,160,706 15,098,762 1,091,664 530,121 38,434 619,901 44,937 5

Hardwood 5,001,976 840,220 87,295 539,926 9,439,434 718,579 296,862 22,586 337,034 4,435,768  Total 19,024,994 3,382,408 781,914 4,700,632 24,538,196 1,810,243 826,983 61,020 381,971 5,055,668 5

Poletimber

Softwood 603,745 111,203 21,989 131,646 14,990,356 1,083,729 675,314 48,927 247,718 17,904 Hardwood 242,039 40,852 149 940 7,972,067 605,403 316,063 24,077 107,483 1,414,817  Total 845,784 152,055 22,138 132,586 22,962,422 1,689,133 991,378 73,004 125,387 1,662,536 

Growing stock

Softwood 14,626,763 2,653,391 716,609 4,292,353 30,089,118 2,175,393 1,205,435 87,361 867,619 62,841 6Hardwood 5,244,015 881,072 87,443 540,866 17,411,500 1,323,983 612,926 46,664 444,517 5,850,585  Total 19,870,777 3,534,463 804,052 4,833,219 47,500,618 3,499,376 1,818,361 134,024 507,359 6,718,204 6

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 377,745 68,391 19,565 117,355 3,091,429 223,759 173,982 12,617 639,233 46,203 Hardwood 470,617 77,828 1,386 8,636 2,246,168 170,846 81,002 6,155 394,421 5,174,077 

 Total 848,363 146,219 20,951 125,991 5,337,597 394,605 254,983 18,773 440,623 5,813,310 

All sources

Softwood 15,004,508 2,721,782 736,174 4,409,708 33,180,547 2,399,152 1,379,417 99,978 109,044 1,506,852 6Hardwood 5,714,632 958,900 88,829 549,502 19,657,668 1,494,829 693,927 52,819 838,938 11,024,662  Total 20,719,140 3,680,682 825,003 4,959,210 52,838,215 3,893,981 2,073,344 152,797 947,982 12,531,514 6

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

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Table 4.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, Southern Region, 1996Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF 

National forest 

Softwood 447,459 80,406 196,576 32,728 760,051 54,933 23,754 1,713 40,452 3

2,926 

Hardwood 245,671 41,024 16,093 2,570 394,987 30,093 6,758 512 317,717 

24,229 

 Total 693,130 121,430 212,669 35,298 1,155,038 85,026 30,511 2,225 358,169 3

27,154 

Other public

Softwood 397,839 72,701 84,935 14,230 976,769 69,999 39,200 2,843 40,693 2

2,936 

Hardwood 158,549 26,377 12,808 2,067 442,610 33,312 12,633 962 263,221 

19,940 

 Total 556,387 99,079 97,743 16,297 1,419,379 103,311 51,833 3,806 303,914 2

22,875 

Forest industry

Softwood 4,756,387 862,073 1,640,991 274,488 12,403,362 897,424 223,404 16,176 494,583 25

35,825 

Hardwood 774,260 131,337 107,136 17,407 4,729,967 359,703 71,427 5,418 2,263,326 

172,067 

 Total 5,530,647 993,410 1,748,127 291,895 17,133,329 1,257,127 294,831 21,594 2,757,909 25

207,892 

Other private

Softwood 9,402,823 1,706,602 2,487,206 414,727 19,040,365 1,376,796 1,093,059 79,246 931,124 36

67,358 

Hardwood 4,536,153 760,161 413,465 66,785 14,090,103 1,071,721 603,109 45,927 8,180,398 

622,703 

 Total 13,938,976 2,466,764 2,900,671 481,512 33,130,469 2,448,517 1,696,168 125,173 9,111,522 37

690,060 

All ownerships

Softwood 15,004,508 2,721,782 4,409,708 736,174 33,180,547 2,399,152 1,379,417 99,978 1,506,852 68

109,044 

Hardwood 5,714,632 958,900 549,502 88,829 19,657,668 1,494,829 693,927 52,819 11,024,662 

838,938 

 Total 20,719,140 3,680,682 4,959,210 825,003 52,838,215 3,893,981 2,073,344 152,797 12,531,514 947,982 68

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

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Table 4.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, Southern Region, 1996

Species 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Softwood

Cedars 67 12,224 ,550 7,065 1,209 114,826 8,277 6,508 11,896 472 861 

Cypress 18 34,766 8,201 23,097 3,956 436,185 31,208 17,428 16,560 1,265 1,198 

Hemlock 18,047 3,290 102 17 20,805 1,511 1,098 2,857 79 208 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 10,992,325 1,983,587 3,697,979 617,119 22,014,217 1,596,731 1,064,053 77,096 1,075,577 77,807 32Longleaf-slash pine 2,757,769 508,823 561,529 93,529 8,354,694 600,124 85,039 238,026 6,161 17,224 26White pine 97,959 17,763 305 51 66,822 4,848 21,453 12,686 1,558 924 Other pines 882,657 161,329 119,632 20,292 2,172,998 156,454 183,837 13,347 149,249 10,822 5 Total 15,004,508 2,721,782 4,409,708 736,174 33,180,547 2,399,152 1,379,417 99,978 1,506,852 109,044 68

Hardwood

Ash 124,318 20,789 15,220 2,458 351,855 26,671 8,155 214,751 621 16,329 

Basswood 14,340 2,372 495 80 22,095 1,685 2,380 15,868 181 1,209 Beech 87,392 14,533 7,376 1,197 158,700 12,097 6,547 107,710 498 8,205 Yellow birch 223 1,345 15 2 1,596 122 — 1,594 — 122 Other birch 34,159 5,708 2,149 342 66,831 5,080 2,348 48,681 179 3,711 

Black cherry 32,575 5,479 2,350 380 116,576 8,867 2,907 61,002 221 4,642 

Cottonwood 25,487 4,298 6,555 1,067 83,053 6,293 285 47,819 22 3,622 

Elm 94,919 15,987 9,831 1,593 367,150 27,865 5,580 195,965 425 14,898 

Hickory 435,606 72,756 29,185 4,702 1,084,469 82,625 29,596 695,198 2,251 52,997 

Hard maple 59,735 9,891 1,520 243 48,033 3,665 4,818 51,796 366 3,956 

Soft maple 235,638 39,357 31,970 5,149 814,052 61,681 48,380 506,909 3,687 38,582 

Select red oaks 330,573 55,337 20,780 3,351 828,839 63,089 32,143 513,477 2,446 39,118 

Other red oaks 1,306,759 220,124 129,070 20,916 5,227,765 398,080 167,709 12,760 2,690,063 204,625 

Select white oaks 714,388 119,333 40,563 6,522 1,905,698 144,948 72,170 1,163,830 5,500 88,678 Other white oaks 426,135 71,304 27,706 4,476 1,347,269 102,877 34,117 811,861 2,594 61,866 

Sweetgum 608,456 103,400 95,755 15,537 3,451,901 262,238 82,497 1,626,436 6,275 123,556 

Sycamore 35,932 6,027 3,687 595 94,915 7,143 4,048 57,284 308 4,344 

Tupelo/blackgum 17 29,239 2,718 33,566 5,432 1,184,160 89,861 47,211 570,693 3,590 43,375 Black walnut 26,519 4,376 1,216 194 18,039 1,372 1,481 23,806 112 1,816 

Yellow-poplar 604,080 100,721 49,887 8,034 1,314,729 99,653 90,131 946,391 6,869 72,109 

Other hardwoods 343,560 57,647 40,607 6,559 1,169,942 88,914 51,427 673,529 3,913 51,177  Total 5,714,632 958,900 549,502 88,829 19,657,668 1,494,829 693,927 52,819 11,024,662 838,938 

All species 3,680,682 20,719,140 4,959,210 825,003 52,838,215 3,893,981 2,073,344 152,797 12,531,514 947,982 68

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

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Table 4.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Southern Region, 1996 State and 

species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF 

Alabama

Softwood 2,170,224 399,291 459,489 74,873 415,503 5,723,612 186,840 13,562 214,591 15,569 20,731 

Hardwood 417,852 73,509 119,374 19,559 281,998 3,691,485 3,814 289 1,292,959 98,711 —  Total 2,588,076 472,800 578,863 94,432 697,501 9,415,097 190,654 13,851 1,507,550 114,280 20,731 

Arkansas

Softwood 1,254,627 225,807 392,352 68,257 125,131 1,723,921 697 50 151,462 10,989 4,090 

Hardwood 536,107 88,965 38,106 6,047 117,344 1,532,282 2,470 187 995,810 76,312 21  Total 1,790,734 314,772 430,458 74,304 242,475 3,256,203 3,167 237 1,147,272 87,301 4,111 

Florida

Softwood 769,017 146,856 141,626 24,347 280,917 3,957,034 — — 53,807 3,928 8,475 Hardwood 36,260 6,078 11,274 1,802 40,094 534,851 40,178 3,012 303,360 22,752 — 

 Total 805,277 152,934 152,900 26,149 321,011 4,491,885 40,178 3,012 357,167 26,680 8,475 

Georgia

Softwood 2,646,284 486,848 361,635 58,924 422,807 5,824,692 508,536 36,900 238,280 17,287 11,969 

Hardwood 371,718 65,361 124,370 20,367 194,458 2,546,198 135,558 10,343 1,485,630 113,421 — 

 Total 3,018,002 552,209 486,005 79,291 617,265 8,370,890 644,094 47,243 1,723,910 130,708 11,969 

Kentucky

Softwood 33,096 6,015 — — 3,336 45,686 — — 2,060 150 1,199 

Hardwood 946,813 155,225 6,487 1,009 17,034 224,019 20,469 1,554 328,514 25,000 6 

 Total 979,909 161,240 6,487 1,009 20,370 269,705 20,469 1,554 330,574 25,150 1,205 

Louisiana

Softwood 805,344 153,800 710,819 122,240 223,263 3,144,877 67,036 4,753 105,535 7,704 1,483 Hardwood 164,587 27,631 5,583 896 91,278 1,217,386 25,165 1,881 812,374 60,928 —  Total 969,931 181,431 716,402 123,136 314,541 4,362,263 92,201 6,634 917,909 68,632 1,483 

Mississippi

Softwood 2,207,550 406,154 352,949 57,510 208,192 2,868,185 171,100 12,415 143,718 10,427 1,451 Hardwood 492,389 86,628 34,013 5,559 245,523 3,214,072 138,900 10,603 923,623 70,514 —  Total 2,699,939 492,782 386,962 63,069 453,715 6,082,257 310,000 23,018 1,067,341 80,941 1,451 

North Carolina

Softwood 1,614,255 290,523 274,478 47,740 193,572 2,666,884 287,793 20,869 188,815 13,699 2,138 

Hardwood 650,628 107,960 117,746 18,682 138,299 1,806,125 169,534 12,959 1,404,942 107,665 —  Total 2,264,883 398,483 392,224 66,422 331,871 4,473,009 457,327 33,828 1,593,757 121,364 2,138 

Oklahoma

Softwood 254,473 45,803 70,714 12,300 28,788 396,575 — — 6,891 500 6,098 

Hardwood 48,610 8,062 803 127 11,699 152,761 — — 376,506 28,853 —  Total 303,083 53,865 71,517 12,427 40,487 549,336 — — 383,397 29,353 6,098 

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Table 4.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Southern Region, 1996 (continued)

State and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

South Carolina

Softwood 1,219,481 219,484 42,086 239,212 3,084,564 211,577 19,000 1,302 114,958 3

7,886 

Hardwood 164 27,615 ,479 7,881 48,470 1,531,393 107,941 1,000 70 660,097 

48,451 

 Total 1,383,960 247,099 49,967 287,682 4,615,957 319,518 20,000 1,372 775,055 3

56,337 

Tennessee

Softwood 84,580 15,187 55 617,927 9 44,838 538 38 119,975 3

8,705 

Hardwood 918 152,369 ,160 1,685 10,706 841,628 64,440 7,154 548 989,233 

75,808 

 Total 1,002,740 167,556 1,694 10,761 1,459,555 109,278 7,692 586 1,109,208 3

84,513 

Texas

Softwood 1,432,953 232,245 214,754 1,324,718 1,574,314 127,487 — — 23,322 

1,692 

Hardwood 241 40,497 ,195 2,052 12,621 1,213,419 97,097 — — 225,279 

17,199 

 Total 1,674,148 272,742 216,806 1,337,339 2,787,733 224,584 — — 248,601 

18,891 

Virginia

Softwood 512,624 93,769 13,134 81,661 1,552,276 113,741 137,877 10,089 143,438 

10,508 

Hardwood 725 119,000 ,834 3,163 19,949 1,152,049 87,624 149,685 11,373 1,226,335 

93,324 

 Total 1,238,458 212,769 16,297 101,610 2,704,325 201,365 287,562 21,462 1,369,773 

103,832 

All South States

Softwood 15,004,508 2,721,782 736,174 4,409,708 2,399,152 33,180,547 1,379,417 99,978 1,506,852 68

109,044 

Hardwood 5,714,632 958,900 88,829 549,502 1,494,829 19,657,668 693,927 52,819 11,024,662 

838,938 

 Total 20,719,140 3,680,682 825,003 4,959,210 3,893,981 52,838,215 2,073,344 152,797 12,531,514 68

947,982 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

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Appendix 1

Table 4.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, Southern Region, 1996

Source and Other Forest Other All

species group public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 135,076 114,756 1,507,606 2,719,939 4,477,377 

Hardwood 62,652 49,549 378,764 1,516,844 2,007,809 

 Total 197,729 164,304 1,886,369 4,236,784 6,485,186 

Poletimber

Softwood 30,663 40,756 471,599 752,314 1,295,332 

Hardwood 17,483 17,096 176,368 568,121 779,068 

 Total 48,146 57,852 647,967 1,320,435 2,074,400 

Growing stock

Softwood 165,739 155,512 1,979,204 3,472,253 5,772,708 

Hardwood 80,136 66,644 555,132 2,084,965 2,786,877 

 Total 245,875 222,156 2,534,336 5,557,219 8,559,586 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 11,142 10,391 139,864 220,733 382,130 

Hardwood 18,339 16,086 131,258 485,384 651,068 

 Total 29,481 26,477 271,122 706,117 1,033,197 

All sources

Softwood 176,881 165,903 2,119,068 3,692,986 6,154,838 

Hardwood 98,475 82,730 686,390 2,570,350 3,437,945 

 Total 275,356 248,633 2,805,458 6,263,336 9,592,783 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

National

forest
101

Tables

Table 4.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, Southern Region, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 727 719 3,786 19,465 24,698 

Cypress 290 3,228 25,662 48,135 77,315 

Hemlock 1,195 1 17 3,919 5,132 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 134,150 99,340 1,468,897 2,685,941 4,388,328 

Longleaf-slash pine 26,463 51,351 542,015 643,835 1,263,664 

White pine 1,817 341 1,773 21,513 25,444 

Other pines 12,239 10,922 76,919 270,178 370,258 

 Total 176,881 165,903 2,119,068 3,692,986 6,154,838 

Hardwood

Ash 1,466 2,805 12,304 50,340 66,915 

Basswood 577 92 516 4,355 5,540 

Beech 1,757 524 5,851 28,427 36,558 

Yellow birch 286 72 4 108 470 

Other birch 2,139 413 1,353 11,117 15,022 

Black cherry 793 726 3,069 15,017 19,606 

Cottonwood 85 1,562 2,452 11,205 15,303 

Elm 711 1,424 11,253 47,424 60,811 

Hickory 5,446 6,155 37,850 166,206 215,657 

Hard maple 409 569 1,680 15,472 18,130 

Soft maple 5,721 2,987 27,069 112,888 148,665 

Select red oaks 11,588 4,818 28,658 118,372 163,436 

Other red oaks 22,003 19,028 185,175 631,248 857,453 

Select white oaks 10,393 8,580 67,718 279,029 365,720 

Other white oaks 14,206 7,590 45,263 176,154 243,213 

Sweetgum 5,334 11,051 124,676 370,337 511,399 

Sycamore 674 219 3,344 14,246 18,483 

Tupelo/blackgum 1,379 2,979 45,832 121,373 171,563 

Black walnut 536 249 569 6,521 7,875 

Yellow-poplar 8,683 4,754 42,733 231,599 287,770 

Other hardwoods 4,288 6,134 39,021 158,913 208,356 

 Total 98,475 82,730 686,390 2,570,350 3,437,945 

All species 248,633 275,356 2,805,458 6,263,336 9,592,783 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet
102

Appendix 1

Table 4.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, Southern Region, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 17,512 5,111 22,623 2,075 24,698 

Cypress 51,722 19,967 71,688 5,626 77,315 

Hemlock 3,849 885 4,734 398 5,132 

Loblolly-shortleaf pine 3,296,477 832,033 4,128,510 259,819 4,388,328 

Longleaf-slash pine 834,754 344,006 1,178,760 84,904 1,263,664 

White pine 20,147 3,813 23,960 1,484 25,444 

Other pines 252,916 89,518 342,433 27,824 370,258 

 Total 4,477,377 1,295,332 5,772,708 382,130 6,154,838 

Hardwood

Ash 40,318 14,206 54,524 12,391 66,915 

Basswood 3,441 878 4,319 1,221 5,540 

Beech 22,855 6,308 29,162 7,396 36,558 

Yellow birch 315 60 376 94 470 

Other birch 9,463 3,020 12,483 2,540 15,022 

Black cherry 11,783 4,213 15,996 3,610 19,606 

Cottonwood 10,231 2,809 13,041 2,263 15,303 

Elm 35,114 14,006 49,120 11,690 60,811 

Hickory 129,339 42,090 171,428 44,228 215,657 

Hard maple 12,079 1,981 14,060 4,070 18,130 

Soft maple 84,526 36,951 121,477 27,188 148,665 

Select red oaks 100,629 32,437 133,066 30,371 163,436 

Other red oaks 495,203 199,679 694,882 162,571 857,453 

Select white oaks 217,362 77,500 294,862 70,857 365,720 

Other white oaks 141,232 51,992 193,224 49,989 243,213 

Sweetgum 287,979 133,415 421,394 90,005 511,399 

Sycamore 11,586 3,804 15,391 3,093 18,483 

Tupelo/blackgum 91,782 47,523 139,306 32,258 171,563 

Black walnut 5,248 957 6,205 1,670 7,875 

Yellow-poplar 173,459 59,911 233,370 54,400 287,770 

Other hardwoods 123,864 45,328 169,193 39,163 208,356 

 Total 2,007,809 779,068 2,786,877 651,068 3,437,945 

All species 2,074,400 6,485,186 8,559,586 1,033,197 9,592,783 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet
103

Table 4.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, Southern Region, 1996 Ownership Growing Nongrowing All Growing All Growing All Growin

and species group stock stock sources stock sources stock sources stock National forest

Softwood 165,739 11,142 10,432 176,881 7,721 18,154 10,526 2,357 186,6

12,883 

Hardwood 80,136 18,339 98,475 12,361 13,488 25,849 14,157 7,086 106,6

21,243 

 Total 29,481 245,875 22,794 275,356 21,209 44,003 24,683 9,444 293,3

34,127 

Other public

Softwood 155,512 10,391 9,877 165,903 5,531 15,408 9,391 2,614 174,7

12,005 

Hardwood 66,644 16,086 82,730 11,419 12,831 24,251 13,273 7,607 91,3

20,879 

 Total 26,477 222,156 21,296 248,633 18,363 39,659 22,664 10,221 266,

32,885 

Forest industry

Softwood 1,979,204 2,119,068 139,864 127,019 75,516 202,535 114,376 29,978 144,353 2,220,5

 

Hardwood 555,132 131,258 90,647 686,390 104,434 195,081 93,104 55,334 148,439 738,8

 

 Total 2,534,336 2,805,458 271,122 217,666 179,950 397,616 207,480 85,312 292,792 2,959,4

 

Other private

Softwood 3,472,253 3,692,986 220,733 221,108 124,461 345,569 202,825 57,816 260,641 3,896,

 

Hardwood 2,084,965 2,570,350 485,384 329,650 366,045 695,695 355,029 188,825 543,853 2,769,6

 

 Total 5,557,219 6,263,336 706,117 550,758 490,507 1,041,265 557,854 246,641 804,494 6,665,8

 

All ownerships

Softwood 5,772,708 6,154,838 382,130 368,436 213,230 581,666 337,118 92,765 429,883 6,478,2

 

Hardwood 2,786,877 3,437,945 651,068 444,077 496,799 940,876 475,563 258,852 734,415 3,706,5

 

 Total 1,033,197 8,559,586 9,592,783 812,513 710,029 1,522,542 812,680 351,618 1,164,298 10,184,7

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

Nongrowing

stock

Nongrowing

stock
104

Table 4.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Southern Region, 1996State and Growing All Growing All Growing All Growi

species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stoc

Alabama

Softwood 895,844 43,951 939,795 53,011 18,307 71,318 36,491 4,081 40,572 985,

 

Hardwood 372,088 102,146 474,234 57,747 20,471 78,218 25,963 14,190 40,153 455,

Total 1,267,932 146,097 1,414,029 110,758 38,778 149,536 62,455 18,270 80,725 1,441,

Arkansas

Softwood 400,409 34,104 434,513 20,954 25,265 46,219 15,462 5,589 21,051 436,

 

Hardwood 226,710 62,166 288,876 44,221 59,553 103,774 39,422 27,360 66,782 310,

Total 627,119 96,270 723,389 65,176 84,817 149,993 54,885 32,948 87,833 747,

Florida

Softwood 445,605 34,140 479,745 26,069 18,208 44,277 27,696 1,680 29,376 499,

 

Hardwood 51,817 22,152 10,270 73,969 11,680 21,950 24,755 23,820 48,575 86,

 

Total 497,421 56,293 553,714 36,339 29,888 66,227 52,450 25,501 77,951 586,

Georgia

Softwood 946,269 91,524 1,037,793 60,664 15,092 75,756 55,427 35,285 90,712 1,062,

Hardwood 321,686 82,736 404,422 55,710 33,615 89,325 66,704 33,253 99,957 444,

Total 1,267,955 174,260 1,442,215 116,374 48,707 165,081 122,130 68,539 190,669 1,506,

Kentucky

Softwood 7,766 3,540 879 11,306 300 1,179 6,996 4,498 11,494 15,

 

Hardwood 142,702 57,328 200,030 35,101 25,432 60,533 55,859 11,791 67,650 233,

 

Total 150,468 60,868 211,336 35,980 25,732 61,712 62,855 16,289 79,144 249,

Louisiana

Softwood 492,061 21,182 513,243 44,289 27,451 71,740 26,583 3,159 29,742 562,

 

Hardwood 162,589 20,025 182,614 37,696 71,237 108,933 28,118 20,963 49,081 228,

Total 654,650 41,207 695,857 81,985 98,688 180,673 54,701 24,122 78,823 791,

Mississippi

Softwood 672,684 23,465 696,149 37,105 45,180 82,285 19,924 4,107 24,031 729,

 

Hardwood 360,905 57,922 418,827 37,335 112,321 149,656 29,413 18,372 47,785 427,

Total 1,033,590 81,386 1,114,976 74,440 157,501 231,941 49,337 22,479 71,816 1,157,

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

Nongrowing

stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 
105

Table 4.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Southern Region, 1996 (continued)State and Growing Nongrowing All Growing All Growing All Grow

species group stock stock sources stock sources stock sources stoc

North Carolina

Softwood 537,316 31,292 568,608 35,280 11,851 47,131 32,825 7,680 605

40,505 

Hardwood 326,028 59,569 385,597 46,124 39,763 85,887 46,577 29,707 418

76,284 

Total 863,343 90,862 954,205 81,404 51,614 133,018 79,402 37,387 1,024

116,789 

Oklahoma

Softwood 73,320 20,169 93,489 5,181 5,678 10,859 7,966 1,450 86

9,416 

Hardwood 25,180 23,561 48,741 3,496 9,649 13,145 9,306 8,320 37

17,626 

Total 98,500 43,730 142,230 8,677 15,327 24,004 17,272 9,770 124

27,042 

South Carolina

Softwood 459,447 26,914 486,361 31,428 15,161 46,589 34,557 5,760 525

40,317 

Hardwood 165,079 26,879 191,958 29,199 24,030 53,229 33,732 25,796 228

59,528 

Total 624,526 53,793 678,319 60,627 39,191 99,818 68,289 31,556 753

99,845 

Tennessee

Softwood 64,390 8,900 73,290 4,373 3,278 7,651 9,510 1,266 78

10,776 

Hardwood 234,502 60,348 294,850 22,359 21,351 43,710 32,900 14,480 289

47,380 

Total 298,892 69,248 368,140 26,732 24,629 51,361 42,410 15,746 368

58,156 

Texas

Softwood 554,680 23,396 578,076 34,602 22,468 57,070 46,342 7,059 635

53,401 

Hardwood 143,506 13,339 156,845 27,314 40,526 67,840 40,251 8,349 211

48,600 

Total 698,186 36,735 734,921 61,916 62,994 124,910 86,593 15,408 846

102,001 

Virginia

Softwood 222,916 19,554 242,470 14,601 4,991 19,592 17,338 11,152 254

28,490 

Hardwood 254,086 62,896 316,982 37,503 27,173 64,676 42,563 22,451 334

65,014 

Total 477,002 82,450 559,452 52,104 32,164 84,268 59,900 33,604 589

93,504 

All Southern States

Softwood 5,772,708 382,130 6,154,838 368,436 213,230 581,666 337,118 92,765 6,478

429,883 

Hardwood 2,786,877 651,068 3,437,945 444,077 496,799 940,876 475,563 258,852 3,706

734,415 

Total 8,559,586 1,033,197 9,592,783 812,513 710,029 1,522,542 812,680 351,618 1,164,298 10,184

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock
106

Table 4.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,

softwood, hardwood, and use, Southern Region, 1996

Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood — 503,654 95,050 4,905 603,609

Hardwood 534 257,840 47,919 5,525 311,818

Total 534 761,494 142,969 10,430 915,427

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 66,122 840,924 52,023 3,621 962,690

Hardwood 61,068 220,609 20,620 9,622 311,919

Total 1,061,533 127,190 72,643 13,243 1,274,609

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 483,009 135,687 119,475 10,066 748,237

Hardwood 166,981 5,393 39,032 10,859 222,265

Total 141,080 649,990 158,507 20,925 970,502

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 549,131 976,611 171,498 13,687 1,710,927

Hardwood 228,049 226,002 59,652 20,481 534,184

Total 1,202,613 777,180 231,150 34,168 2,245,111

All residue

Softwood 1,052,785 976,611 266,548 18,592 2,314,536

Hardwood 485,889 226,536 107,571 26,006 846,002

Total 1,203,147 1,538,674 374,119 44,598 3,160,538

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet

Fiber Fuelwood Misc. All

byproducts byproducts byproducts byproducts

Table 4.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by typsoftwood, hardwood, and use, Southern Region, 199

Source Bark residue

Softwood — 8,357 Hardwood 9 

4,275 

Total 9 12,632 2

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 13,957 

1,095 

Hardwood 3,658 

1,002 

Total 17,615 2,097 

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 2,256 8,014 Hardwood 90 

2,762 

Total 2,346 10,776 2

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 16,213 9,109 2Hardwood 3,748 

3,764 

Total 19,962 12,873 

All residue

Softwood 16,213 17,466 4Hardwood 3,757 8,039 

Total 19,970 25,505 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 

Fiber Fuelwood M

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts byp
107

Tables

Table 5.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 631,539 381,098 -250,441 -39.7

Hardwood 14,279 8,767 -5,512 -38.6

 Total 645,818 389,865 -255,953 -39.6

Veneer logs

Softwood 78,458 63,461 -14,997 -19.1

Hardwood 193 102 -91 -47.2

 Total 78,651 63,563 -15,088 -19.2

Pulpwood

Softwood 29,821 26,177 -3,644 -12.2

Hardwood 150 — -150 -100.0

 Total 29,971 26,177 -3,794 -12.7

Other industriala

Softwood 22,751 24,369 1,618 7.1 

Hardwood 6,194 11,216 5,022 81.1 

 Total 28,945 35,585 6,640 22.9 

All industrial

Softwood 762,569 495,105 -267,464 -35.1

Hardwood 20,816 20,085 -731 -3.5

 Total 783,385 515,190 -268,195 -34.2

Fuelwood

Softwood 82,129 98,730 16,601 20.2 

Hardwood 72,195 73,769 1,574 2.2 

 Total 154,324 172,499 18,175 11.8 

All products

Softwood 844,698 593,835 -250,863 -29.7

Hardwood 93,011 93,854 843 0.9 

 Total 937,709 687,689 -250,020 -26.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

a Other industrial includes composite products, posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change
108

Table 5.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Sawtimber

Softwood 2,180,718 338,047 389,175 59,639 225,601 18,023 1,728 130 34,221 2,728 

Hardwood 50,704 8,050 472 100 — — 55,852 4,466 47,343 3,690 

 Total 2,231,423 346,096 389,647 59,739 225,601 18,023 57,580 4,596 81,564 6,418 

Poletimber

Softwood 31,157 15,318 6,848 3,424 8,653 692 7,200 540 166 2,137 10,

Hardwood 443 119 — — — — 3,157 245 10,369 753  Total 31,600 15,437 6,848 3,424 8,653 692 10,357 785 12,505 919 10,

Growing stock

Softwood 2,211,875 353,364 396,022 63,063 234,254 18,715 8,928 670 36,358 2,894 11,

Hardwood 51,147 8,169 472 100 — — 59,010 4,711 57,712 4,443 

 Total 2,263,022 361,534 396,494 63,162 234,254 18,715 67,938 5,381 94,070 7,337 11,

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 173,353 27,734 2,576 398 93,275 7,462 1,872 140 1,212,156 95,836 1,Hardwood 3,465 598 13 — 2 — 922 72 941,439 69,326 

 Total 176,818 28,332 2,590 400 93,275 7,462 2,794 212 2,153,594 165,162 2,

All sources

Softwood 2,385,228 381,098 398,599 63,461 327,529 26,177 10,800 810 1,248,514 98,730 13,Hardwood 54,612 8,767 485 102 — — 59,932 4,783 999,151 73,769 

 Total 2,439,840 389,865 399,084 63,563 327,529 26,177 70,732 5,593 2,247,664 172,499 13,

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
109

Table 5.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

National forest 

Softwood 66 107,440 7,636 66,342 10,540 31,056 2,484 8,771 658 633,725 49,969 7,

Hardwood 7,449 1,277 — — — — 2,879 230 103,174 8,202 

 Total 675,085 108,717 66,342 10,540 31,056 2,484 11,650 888 736,899 58,171 7,

Other public

Softwood 24 38,279 2,573 43,131 6,807 28,632 2,291 299 22 70,885 5,515 

Hardwood 332 54 — — — — 16,613 1,324 22,173 1,617  Total 242,905 38,333 43,131 6,807 28,632 2,291 16,911 1,347 93,059 7,133 

Forest industry

Softwood 57 90,649 0,316 263,573 42,040 182,098 14,568 — — 38,675 3,094 

Hardwood 58 9 — — — — 39,029 3,122 — — 

 Total 570,374 90,658 263,573 42,040 182,098 14,568 39,029 3,122 38,675 3,094 

Other private

Softwood 90 144,730 4,703 25,552 4,074 85,742 6,835 1,731 130 505,228 40,151 4,

Hardwood 46 7,428 ,773 485 — 102 — 1,412 106 873,803 63,950 

 Total 951,476 152,157 26,038 4,175 85,742 6,835 3,143 236 1,379,031 104,101 4,

All ownerships

Softwood 2,3 381,098 85,228 398,599 63,461 327,529 26,177 10,800 810 1,248,514 98,730 13,

Hardwood 54 8,767 ,612 485 — 102 — 59,932 4,783 999,151 73,769 

 Total 2,439,840 389,865 399,084 63,563 327,529 26,177 70,732 5,593 2,247,664 172,499 13,

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-p
110

Table 5.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

Species 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Softwood

Cedars 123,237 19,438 1,478 232 169 13 — — 150,316 11,901 

Douglas-fir 502,700 79,887 209,081 33,309 62,127 4,970 — — 109,587 8,754 

True firs 354 56,022 ,742 73,853 11,628 92,144 7,353 — — 22,632 1,801 Hemlock 8,966 57,030 5,461 872 26,160 2,093 — — 450 36 

Larch 117,639 18,703 88,021 14,127 19,826 1,586 — — 84,288 6,743 

Lodgepole pine 355,380 57,475 3,413 544 18,194 1,456 — — 380,383 29,895 11

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 690 110,778 ,687 5,389 865 98,240 7,853 10,800 810 422,939 33,483 

Sugar pine 221 34 — — — — — — — — 

White pine 6,317 40,015 5,051 794 1,577 126 — — 2,550 204 

Other pines 1,722 266 — — — — — — 56,618 4,436 

Spruce 141 23,212 ,857 6,852 1,090 9,092 727 — — 18,750 1,476 

 Total 2,385,228 381,098 398,599 63,461 327,529 26,177 10,800 810 1,248,514 98,730 13

Hardwood

Ash 1,274 218 — — — — — — 78,806 5,516 

Aspen 6,580 1,131 — — — — 2,331 175 109,638 8,663 

Basswood 190 32 — — — — — — — — 

Other birch 7 1 — — — — — — 4,720 366 Black cherry 3 — — — — — — — — — Cottonwood 5,454 34,784 380 87 — — 57,601 4,608 213,160 15,959 

Elm 459 74 — — — — — — 135,663 9,496 

Hickory 21 4 — — — — — — 5,524 387 Hard maple — — — — — — — — 364 29 Soft maple 1,222 194 — — — — — — 11,972 838 Select red oaks 976 174 — — — — — — 18,530 1,297 Other red oaks 523 93 — — — — — — 8,892 622 Select white oaks 2,636 470 — — — — — — 59,058 4,134 

Other white oaks 128 23 — — — — — — 63,027 4,984 Sycamore 106 17 — — — — — — — — 

Black walnut 4,046 619 105 15 — — — — 12,967 944 Other hardwoods 1,658 263 — — — — — — 276,828 20,533  Total 8,767 54,612 485 102 — — 59,932 4,783 999,151 73,769 

All species 389,865 2,439,840 399,084 63,563 327,529 26,177 70,732 5,593 2,247,664 172,499 13

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Pos

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-p
111

Table 5.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996State and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Arizona

Softwood 85,316 13,037 — 16,544 — 1,324 — — 140,917 11,273 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — 86,343 6,907 

 Total 85,316 13,037 — 16,544 — 1,324 — — 227,260 18,181 

Colorado

Softwood 67,655 11,645 — — — — — — 322,050 25,764 Hardwood 6,990 1,203 — — — — — — 158,000 12,640 

 Total 74,645 12,848 — — — — — — 480,050 38,404 

Idaho

Softwood 1,173,298 184,307 30,778 195,933 235,336 18,827 — — 255,500 20,440 6,Hardwood 640 100 — — — — 57,601 4,608 24,438 1,955 

 Total 1,173,937 184,407 30,778 195,933 235,336 18,827 57,601 4,608 279,938 22,395 6,

Kansas

Softwood 89 19 — — — — — — 2,763 193 

Hardwood 13,189 2,142 101 — 14 — — — 325,793 22,806  Total 13,278 2,161 101 — 14 — — — 328,556 22,999 

Montana

Softwood 763,120 123,064 32,683 202,666 57,560 4,605 — — 226,938 18,155 2,

Hardwood 7 1 — — — — — — 46,513 3,721 

 Total 763,127 123,065 32,683 202,666 57,560 4,605 — — 273,450 21,876 2,

Nebraska

Softwood 22,202 3,876 — — — — — — 6,445 451 

Hardwood 29,868 4,635 384 — 87 — — — 167,392 11,717  Total 52,070 8,511 384 — 87 — — — 173,837 12,169 

Nevada

Softwood 8,370 1,279 — — — — — — 30,000 2,400 Hardwood — — — — — — — — — — 

 Total 8,370 1,279 — — — — — — 30,000 2,400 

New Mexico

Softwood 63,519 10,321 — 18,090 — 1,422 — — 100,852 7,927 Hardwood — — — — — — — — 45,802 3,600 

 Total 63,519 10,321 — 18,090 — 1,422 — — 146,654 11,527 

Fuelwood

 Po

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-
112

Table 5.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 (continued)State and 

species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

North Dakota

Softwood 5 1 — — — — — — 1,462 

102 

Hardwood 2,605 458 — — — — 2,331 175 32,733 

2,291 

 Total 2,610 458 — — — — 2,331 175 34,195 

2,394 

South Dakota

Softwood 78,323 12,777 — — — — 10,800 810 11,476 

803 

Hardwood 1,066 188 — — — — — — 56,370 

3,946 

 Total 79,389 12,965 — — — — 10,800 810 67,846 

4,749 

Utah

Softwood 48,954 8,104 — — — — — — 44,699 

3,576 

Hardwood 247 41 — — — — — — 18,936 

1,515 

 Total 49,201 8,145 — — — — — — 63,635 

5,091 

Wyoming

Softwood 74,378 12,668 — — — — — — 105,411 1

7,644 

Hardwood — — — — — — — — 36,833 

2,671 

 Total 74,378 12,668 — — — — — — 142,244 1

10,315 

All Rocky Mountains States

Softwood 2,385,228 381,098 398,599 63,461 327,529 26,177 10,800 810 1,248,514 13

98,730 

Hardwood 54,612 8,767 485 102 — — 59,932 4,783 999,151 

73,769 

 Total 2,439,840 389,865 399,084 63,563 327,529 26,177 70,732 5,593 2,247,664 13

172,499 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

 Po

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-
113

Tables

Table 5.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

Source and Other Forest Other All

species group public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 107,373 42,320 131,806 142,679 424,177 

Hardwood 5,579 1,828 3,014 11,491 21,911 

 Total 112,952 44,148 134,820 154,169 446,089 

Poletimber

Softwood 11,048 2,149 7,497 9,836 30,530 

Hardwood 307 105 87 896 1,396 

 Total 11,355 2,254 7,584 10,732 31,926 

Growing stock

Softwood 118,421 44,468 139,303 152,515 454,707 

Hardwood 5,886 1,933 3,101 12,387 23,307 

 Total 124,307 46,401 142,404 164,902 478,014 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 67,727 9,632 12,532 49,236 139,127 

Hardwood 8,330 1,644 30 60,543 70,548 

 Total 76,057 11,277 12,562 109,779 209,675 

All sources

Softwood 186,148 54,100 151,835 201,751 593,834 

Hardwood 14,216 3,578 3,131 72,930 93,855 

 Total 200,364 57,678 154,966 274,681 687,689 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

National

forest
114

Appendix 1

Table 5.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 12,896 4,353 10,473 8,051 35,773 

Douglas-fir 34,374 12,809 42,476 38,663 128,322 

True firs 14,474 10,059 33,705 18,749 76,987 

Hemlock 1,561 2,058 3,831 4,521 11,971 

Larch 7,836 3,687 19,776 9,941 41,241 

Lodgepole pine 45,379 5,640 15,428 38,351 104,798 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 53,668 11,854 18,648 70,410 154,579 

Sugar pine 8 — — 26 34 

White pine 1,829 2,024 1,627 2,572 8,053 

Other pines 1,805 172 — 2,725 4,702 

Spruce 12,318 1,445 5,871 7,741 27,375 

 Total 186,148 54,100 151,835 201,751 593,834 

Hardwood

Ash 7 21 — 5,743 5,770 

Aspen 9,664 773 — 4,272 14,709 

Basswood — 6 — 25 32 

Other birch — — — 368 368 

Black cherry — — — — — 

Cottonwood 971 1,435 3,131 21,745 27,283 

Elm — 354 — 9,230 9,584 

Hickory — 80 — 310 390 

Hard maple 29 — — — 29 

Soft maple — 14 — 1,018 1,032 

Select red oaks — 60 — 1,411 1,471 

Other red oaks — 2 — 714 716 

Select white oaks 8 307 — 4,296 4,610 

Other white oaks 3,303 430 — 1,275 5,008 

Sycamore — — — 17 17 

Black walnut — 4 — 1,574 1,578 

Other hardwoods 234 92 — 20,930 21,256 

 Total harwoods 14,216 3,578 3,131 72,930 93,855 

All species 57,678 200,364 154,966 274,681 687,689 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
115

Tables

Table 5.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 21,341 1,413 22,754 13,019 35,773 

Douglas-fir 107,225 6,173 113,398 14,923 128,322 

True firs 68,883 2,421 71,304 5,683 76,987 

Hemlock 10,779 370 11,149 823 11,971 

Larch 30,821 1,939 32,760 8,481 41,241 

Lodgepole pine 48,195 11,796 59,991 44,807 104,798 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 107,705 4,928 112,633 41,947 154,579 

Sugar pine 34 — 34 — 34 

White pine 7,161 269 7,430 623 8,053 

Other pines 310 4 313 4,388 4,702 

Spruce 21,725 1,217 22,941 4,434 27,375 

 Total 424,177 30,530 454,707 139,127 593,834 

Hardwood

Ash 298 80 378 5,392 5,770 

Aspen 5,526 432 5,958 8,751 14,709 

Basswood 28 1 29 3 32 

Other birch 261 8 269 99 368 

Black cherry — — — — — 

Cottonwood 13,968 536 14,504 12,779 27,283 

Elm 169 85 254 9,330 9,584 

Hickory 4 — 4 386 390 

Hard maple — — — 29 29 

Soft maple 191 19 211 821 1,032 

Select red oaks 156 41 197 1,274 1,471 

Other red oaks 84 23 107 609 716 

Select white oaks 414 99 513 4,098 4,610 

Other white oaks 26 8 35 4,973 5,008 

Sycamore 15 — 15 2 17 

Black walnut 530 1 532 1,046 1,578 

Other hardwoods 240 62 302 20,954 21,256 

 Total 21,911 1,396 23,307 70,548 93,855 

All species 31,926 446,089 478,014 209,675 687,689 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
116

Table 5.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, Rocky Mountains Region

Ownership Growing All Growing All Growing All Growing 

and species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock National forest

Softwood 118,421 67,727 11,171 186,148 29,245 40,415 792 140 932 

130,383 

Hardwood 5,886 8,330 14,216 1,028 421 1,449 9 136 145 6,316 

 Total 124,307 76,057 11,591 200,364 30,273 41,864 801 276 1,077 

136,699 

Other public

Softwood 44,468 9,632 54,100 4,342 9,558 13,900 — — 48,810 — 

Hardwood 1,933 1,644 3,578 371 160 531 337 165 502 2,431 

 Total 46,401 11,277 57,678 4,502 9,929 14,431 337 165 502 51,241 

Forest industry

Softwood 139,303 12,532 15,092 151,835 31,467 46,559 — — — 

154,395 

Hardwood 3,101 30 3,131 627 297 924 — — 3,398 — 

 Total 142,404 12,562 15,389 154,966 32,094 47,483 — — — 

157,793 

Other private

Softwood 152,515 49,236 14,482 201,751 37,310 51,791 540 797 1,337 

167,536 

Hardwood 12,387 60,543 72,930 1,241 3,453 4,694 5,098 10,653 15,751 18,725 

 Total 164,902 109,779 15,722 274,681 40,763 56,485 5,638 11,450 17,088 

186,262 

All ownerships

Softwood 454,707 139,127 45,085 593,834 107,579 152,664 1,332 937 2,269 

501,124 

Hardwood 23,307 70,548 93,855 2,119 5,480 7,599 5,445 10,954 16,398 30,871  Total 478,014 209,675 47,204 687,689 113,059 160,263 6,776 11,891 18,667 

531,995 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Nongrowing

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

 Nongrowing 

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals A
117

Table 5.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

State and Growing All Growing All Growing All Growin

species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

Arizona

Softwood 11,726 14,413 26,140 1,023 4,386 5,409 — — — 15,4

 

Hardwood 6,902 6 6,907 — 215 215 — — — 

Total 14,419 18,628 33,047 1,023 4,601 5,624 — — — 15,4

 

Colorado

Softwood 26,300 11,997 38,297 831 3,210 4,042 — — — 12,8

 

Hardwood 10,611 7,391 18,002 379 1,311 1,690 — — — 7,7

Total 19,388 36,911 56,299 1,211 4,521 5,731 — — — 20,5

 

Idaho

Softwood 40,690 225,522 266,212 21,519 46,735 68,254 — — — 247,04

 

Hardwood 1,716 4,947 6,664 446 1,045 1,492 — — — 5,3

Total 230,469 42,406 272,876 21,965 47,780 69,746 — — — 252,4

 

Kansas

Softwood 174 39 213 — 7 7 24 54 30 

Hardwood 22,585 2,798 25,382 334 591 925 3,202 6,075 9,277 6,3

Total 2,837 22,759 25,596 334 598 932 3,226 6,105 9,331 6,3

Montana

Softwood 30,857 152,260 183,117 18,475 38,921 57,395 — — — 170,7

 

Hardwood 566 3,156 3,722 — 144 144 — — — 5

Total 152,826 34,012 186,839 18,475 39,064 57,539 — — — 171,3

 

Nebraska

Softwood 577 3,991 4,568 415 624 1,039 90 182 92 4,4Hardwood 11,671 4,887 16,558 719 1,605 2,324 984 1,350 2,334 6,5

Total 8,878 12,248 21,126 1,134 2,229 3,363 1,074 1,442 2,516 11,0

 

Nevada

Softwood 2,446 1,253 3,699 89 341 430 — — — 1,3

Hardwood — — — — — — — — — 

Total 1,253 2,446 3,699 89 341 430 — — — 1,3

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

Thousand cubic feet

 stock stock stock 

 Nongrowing Nongrowing Nongrowing
118

Table 5.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 (continued)

State and Growing All Growing All Growing All Growspecies group stock sources stock sources stock sources stoc

New Mexico

Softwood 11,451 9,333 20,784 484 3,075 3,559 — — — 11,9

Hardwood 1,116 3,574 4,690 47 191 238 — — — 1,

Total 12,566 12,908 25,474 531 3,266 3,797 — — — 13,0

North Dakota

Softwood 5 102 107 — 2 2 — — — Hardwood 590 2,351 2,941 96 172 268 704 2,021 1,317 1,3

Total 595 2,453 3,048 96 174 270 704 2,021 1,317 1,3

South Dakota

Softwood 13,379 1,033 14,412 1,020 4,668 5,688 1,218 815 2,033 15,6

Hardwood 210 3,969 4,179 36 67 103 555 2,767 2,212 8

Total 13,589 5,002 18,591 1,056 4,736 5,791 1,772 4,800 3,028 16,4

Utah

Softwood 7,076 7,158 14,235 376 1,857 2,233 — — — 7,4

Hardwood 796 1,342 2,138 63 138 200 — — — 8

Total 7,872 8,500 16,372 439 1,995 2,433 — — — 8,3

Wyoming

Softwood 13,321 8,730 22,051 853 3,754 4,606 — — — 14,

Hardwood — 2,671 2,671 — — — — — — 

Total 13,321 11,401 24,722 853 3,754 4,606 — — — 14,

All Rocky Mountains States

Softwood 139,127 454,707 593,834 45,085 107,579 152,664 1,332 937 2,269 501,

 

Hardwood 70,548 23,307 93,855 2,119 5,480 7,599 5,445 10,954 16,398 30,8

Total 478,014 209,675 687,689 47,204 113,059 160,263 6,776 11,891 18,667 531,9

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Nongrowing Nongrowing Nongrowing 

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 stock stock 

Thousand cubic feet

 stock
119

Table 5.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,

softwood, hardwood, and use, Rocky Mountains Region, 1996

 Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood — 101,070 9,180 11,597 121,847

Hardwood — 323 1,203 348 1,874

Total — 101,393 10,382 11,945 123,721

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 265,763 15,645 6,062 5,761 293,231

Hardwood 602 542 1,431 518 3,094

Total 266,365 16,187 7,493 6,279 296,324

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 81,108 84,004 16,147 4,359 185,618

Hardwood — 308 1,276 239 1,823

Total 81,108 84,312 17,423 4,598 187,441

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 346,871 99,649 22,210 10,120 478,849

Hardwood 602 850 2,707 757 4,917

Total 347,473 100,499 24,916 10,877 483,765

All residue

Softwood 346,871 200,719 31,389 21,717 600,696

Hardwood 602 1,173 3,910 1,105 6,790

Total 347,473 201,892 35,299 22,822 607,486

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet

Fiber Fuelwood Misc. All

byproducts byproducts byproducts byproducts

Table 5.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by tsoftwood, hardwood, and use, Rocky Mountain Re

Source Bark residue

Softwood — 1,262 Hardwood — 4 

Total — 1,266 

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 3,336 197 Hardwood 9 9 

Total 3,345 206 

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 1,017 1,053 Hardwood — 4 

Total 1,017 1,057 

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 4,354 1,250 Hardwood 9 13 

Total 4,363 1,263 

All residue

Softwood 4,354 2,512 Hardwood 9 17 

Total 4,363 2,528 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to roundingA dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of 

Fiber Fuelwood 

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts by
120

Appendix 1

Table 6.1—Volume of roundwood products and species group,

Pacific Coast Region, 1991 and 1996

Product and Year

species group 1991 1996 Change

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood 1,718,836 2,111,903 -393,067 -18.6

Hardwood 49,135 51,153 2,018 4.1 

 Total 2,161,038 1,769,989 -391,049 -18.1

Veneer logs

Softwood 321,228 440,793 -119,565 -27.1

Hardwood 5,140 11,620 6,480 126.1 

 Total 445,933 332,848 -113,085 -25.4

Pulpwood

Softwood 56,295 409,443 -353,148 -86.3

Hardwood 59,939 3,111 -56,828 -94.8

 Total 469,382 59,406 -409,976 -87.3

Other industriala

Softwood 159,021 625,987 -466,966 -74.6

Hardwood 428 3 -425 -99.3

 Total 626,415 159,024 -467,391 -74.6

All industrial

Softwood 2,255,380 3,588,126 -1,332,746 -37.1

Hardwood 114,642 65,887 -48,755 -42.5

 Total 3,702,768 2,321,267 -1,381,501 -37.3

Fuelwood

Softwood 216,273 335,652 -119,379 -35.6

Hardwood 159,592 103,979 -55,613 -34.8

 Total 495,244 320,252 -174,992 -35.3

All products

Softwood 2,471,653 3,923,778 -1,452,125 -37.0

Hardwood 274,234 169,866 -104,368 -38.1

 Total 4,198,012 2,641,519 -1,556,493 -37.1

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

a Other industrial includes composite products, posts, poles and pilings, and other products.

 Percent

 change
121

Table 6.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

Source and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Sawtimber

Softwood 7,288,162 1,142,842 1,257,023 179,232 538,964 46,744 15,088 1,217 664,021 55,225 71,

Hardwood 263,357 48,334 47,053 5,732 36,497 2,943 — — 259,312 

21,521 

 Total 7,551,519 1,189,895 1,305,356 184,964 575,461 49,687 15,088 1,217 923,333 76,746 71,

Poletimber

Softwood 1,437,688 496,533 238,869 109,058 15,199 1,444 — — 671,863 55,852 3,

Hardwood 10,203 4,057 5,665 9,846 — — — — 261,159 

21,669 

 Total 1,447,891 500,590 248,715 114,723 15,199 1,444 — — 933,023 77,521 3,

Growing stock

Softwood 8,725,850 1,639,375 1,495,892 288,290 554,163 48,188 15,088 1,217 1,335,884 111,076 75,

Hardwood 273,560 58,179 51,110 11,398 36,497 2,943 — — 520,472 

43,190 

 Total 8,999,410 1,690,486 1,554,071 299,687 590,660 51,131 15,088 1,217 1,856,356 154,267 75,

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 528,465 260,129 79,460 32,939 92,330 8,106 2,806 226 1,263,036 105,197 

Hardwood 298 43 2,293 2,084 222 168 — — 730,173 

60,789 

 Total 528,763 262,421 79,503 33,161 94,414 8,275 2,806 226 1,993,209 165,985 

All sources

Softwood 9,254,316 1,718,836 1,756,021 321,228 646,493 56,295 17,895 1,443 2,598,919 216,273 75,

Hardwood 273,858 60,472 51,153 11,620 38,581 3,111 — — 1,250,645 103,979 

 Total 9,528,173 1,769,989 1,816,493 332,849 685,074 59,405 17,895 1,443 3,849,565 320,252 75,

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Pos

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-p
122

Table 6.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

Ownership and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

National forest 

Softwood 1,251,452 219,951 274,469 132,665 46,067 10,644 4,474 361 463,346 38,559 1

Hardwood 2,088 340 4,062 578 644 46 — — 201,395 16,776 

 Total 1,253,541 220,291 278,531 133,243 46,712 10,691 4,474 361 664,741 55,335 1

Other public

Softwood 971,376 182,544 265,879 69,948 45,883 6,451 — — 239,956 19,922 7,7

Hardwood 41,078 7,614 7,859 32 1,157 3 — — 99,076 8,176 

 Total 1,012,454 190,158 273,739 69,980 47,041 6,454 — — 339,032 28,098 7,7

Forest industry

Softwood 4,715,792 887,172 628,248 255,049 109,576 23,627 357 29 1,191,583 99,295 53,6

 

Hardwood 132,856 24,753 13,437 843 2,124 68 — — 479,694 39,973 

 Total 4,848,648 911,926 641,684 255,892 111,700 23,695 357 29 1,671,277 139,267 53,6

 

Other private

Softwood 2,315,695 429,169 587,425 188,831 119,701 15,572 13,064 1,054 704,034 58,498 14,2

 

Hardwood 97,835 18,446 35,114 37,128 7,695 2,994 — — 470,481 39,053 

 Total 2,413,531 447,615 622,539 225,959 127,396 18,566 13,064 1,054 1,174,515 97,551 14,2

 

All ownerships

Softwood 9,254,316 1,718,836 1,756,021 646,493 321,228 56,295 17,895 1,443 2,598,919 216,273 75,6

 

Hardwood 273,858 51,153 60,472 38,581 11,620 3,111 — — 1,250,645 103,979 

 Total 1,769,989 9,528,173 1,816,493 685,074 332,849 59,405 17,895 1,443 3,849,565 320,252 75,6

 

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Post

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-pi
123

Table 6.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

Species 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF M

Softwood

Cedars 58,602 329,993 151 827 28,318 2,453 — — — — 

Douglas-fir 801,714 4,301,496 1,010,872 223,840 197,821 20,548 3,318 268 — — 68

True firs 937,094 185,168 413,818 17,939 66,081 1,704 4,610 372 — — 

Hemlock 1,136,701 197,563 170,654 203,930 32,287 17,566 — — 26,681 2,135 

Larch 15,859 13,985 4,002 2,945 — — — — — — 

Lodgepole pine 109,550 22,556 18,003 3,392 20,586 1,660 5,021 405 — — 4Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 1,404,876 258,175 24,557 4,754 3,432 277 4,624 373 — — 

Sugar pine 200,527 37,049 9,120 1,847 — — — — — — Other pines — — — — — — — — 209,196 2,510,450 

Redwood 650,784 127,707 — — — — — — — — 

Spruce 167,435 26,299 94,185 11,950 148,448 12,086 322 26 4,943 61,788  Total 9, 1,718,836 254,316 1,756,021 321,228 646,493 56,295 17,895 1,443 216,273 2,598,919 75

Hardwood

Alder 47,411 253,802 35,640 7,043 8,798 709 — — 1,701 136 

Aspen — — — — — — — — 6,600 528 

Other birch 121 17 — — — — — — 5,040 63,005 Cottonwood 693 99 — — 545 44 — — — — 

Other hardwoods 19,242 24,831 3,626 4,577 29,239 2,358 — — 98,274 1,179,339 

 Total 51,153 273,858 60,472 11,620 38,581 3,111 — — 103,979 1,250,645 

All species 1,769,989 9,528,173 1,816,493 332,849 685,074 59,405 17,895 1,443 320,252 3,849,565 75

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Fuelwood

Po

 Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products poles-
124

Table 6.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product, Pacific Coast Region, 1996State and species group 

 MBF MCF MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MC

Alaska

Softwood 240,491 34,360 — — 239,789 19,183 — — 88,469 7,078 

Hardwood 1,277 182 — — 908 73 — — 71,306 5,704 

 Total 241,767 34,542 — — 240,698 19,256 — — 159,775 12,782 

California

Softwood 2,681,016 515,436 180,023 35,334 — — — — 1,376,674 114,718 7,0

Hardwood — — 558 99 — — — — 657,557 54,794 

 Total 2,681,016 515,436 180,580 35,433 — — — — 2,034,231 169,512 7,0

Oregon

Softwood 3,383,006 601,596 1,075,387 181,761 106,270 8,570 17,895 1,443 519,555 43,295 7,3

Hardwood 22,637 4,909 49,353 9,542 37,673 3,038 — — 239,109 19,925 

 Total 3,405,643 606,505 1,124,739 191,303 143,943 11,608 17,895 1,443 758,663 63,219 7,3

Washington

Softwood 2,949,802 567,444 500,612 104,133 300,433 28,541 — — 614,222 51,183 

61,2

Hardwood 249,944 46,062 10,561 1,979 — — — — 282,673 23,555 

 Total 3,199,746 613,506 511,173 106,113 300,433 28,541 — — 896,895 74,738 

61,2

All Pacific Coast States

Softwood 9,254,316 1,718,836 1,756,021 321,228 646,493 56,295 17,895 1,443 2,598,919 216,273 

75,6

Hardwood 273,858 51,153 60,472 11,620 38,581 3,111 — — 1,250,645 103,979 

 Total 9,528,173 1,769,989 1,816,493 332,849 685,074 59,405 17,895 1,443 3,849,565 320,252 

75,6

MBF = thousand board feet (1/4-inch rule); MCF = thousand cubic feet; Cords = standard cords 4' x 4' x 8'.Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Post

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood poles-pi
125

Tables

Table 6.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species 

group, and ownership group, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

Source and Other Forest Other All

species group public industry private owners

Sawtimber

Softwood 172,179 182,041 772,624 451,278 1,578,123 

Hardwood 2,530 10,934 32,404 31,384 77,252 

 Total 174,709 192,975 805,029 482,662 1,655,375 

Poletimber

Softwood 91,287 61,084 310,182 204,111 666,664 

Hardwood 2,298 2,738 9,879 16,477 31,392 

 Total 93,584 63,822 320,060 220,588 698,055 

Growing stock

Softwood 263,466 243,125 1,082,806 655,389 2,244,786 

Hardwood 4,828 13,672 42,283 47,861 108,644 

 Total 268,293 256,797 1,125,089 703,250 2,353,430 

Nongrowing stock

Softwood 52,481 19,968 91,520 62,898 226,868 

Hardwood 12,979 3,278 24,635 20,329 61,222 

 Total 65,460 23,247 116,155 83,228 288,089 

All sources

Softwood 315,947 263,094 1,174,326 718,287 2,471,654 

Hardwood 17,806 16,950 66,918 68,191 169,865 

 Total 333,753 280,044 1,241,244 786,478 2,641,519 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

National

forest
126

Appendix 1

Table 6.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species 

group, and ownership group, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

Species group and National Other Forest Other All

detailed species group forest public industry private owners

Softwood

Cedars 8,127 7,702 25,164 34,213 75,207 

Douglas-fir 81,221 139,416 564,143 304,439 1,089,218 

True firs 61,702 14,573 115,331 61,954 253,560 

Hemlock 35,040 36,975 123,567 90,461 286,043 

Larch 639 1,105 1,133 4,071 6,947 

Lodgepole pine 3,022 5,075 11,897 12,803 32,797 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 55,666 26,748 104,328 77,498 264,241 

Sugar pine 11,009 1,232 18,017 8,641 38,899 

White pine 37,314 18,156 99,295 54,431 209,196 

Other pines 986 5,144 102,528 19,181 127,839 

Spruce 21,222 6,967 8,925 50,595 87,707 

 Total 315,947 263,094 1,174,326 718,287 2,471,654 

Hardwood

Alder 522 7,625 24,198 22,955 55,300 

Aspen — 185 — 343 528 

Other birch 104 1,709 — 3,245 5,058 

Cottonwood 125 3 — 16 144 

Other hardwoods 17,055 7,428 42,721 41,633 108,836 

 Total 17,806 16,950 66,918 68,191 169,865 

All species 280,044 333,753 1,241,244 786,478 2,641,519 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
127

Tables

Table 6.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species

group, and source, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

 Total NonSpecies group and growing growing All

detailed species group Sawtimber Poletimber stock stock sources

Softwood

Cedars 61,717 9,710 71,427 3,780 75,207 

Douglas-fir 714,752 336,803 1,051,555 37,663 1,089,218 

True firs 142,764 80,806 223,570 29,989 253,560 

Hemlock 212,901 61,981 274,882 11,161 286,043 

Larch 3,636 3,058 6,693 254 6,947 

Lodgepole pine 22,380 7,710 30,090 2,707 32,797 

Ponderosa-Jeffrey pine 76,449 168,631 245,080 19,161 264,241 

Sugar pine 26,824 8,099 34,923 3,975 38,899 

Other pines 52,622 52,622 105,244 103,952 209,196 

Redwood 96,833 20,084 116,917 10,922 127,839 

Spruce 75,062 9,342 84,404 3,304 87,707 

 Total 1,578,123 666,664 2,244,786 226,868 2,471,654 

Hardwood

Alder 47,001 8,032 55,033 267 55,300 

Aspen 194 202 396 132 528 

Other birch 1,873 1,975 3,848 1,210 5,058 

Cottonwood 137 — 137 7 144 

Other hardwoods 28,047 21,183 49,230 59,606 108,836 

 Total 77,252 31,392 108,644 61,222 169,865 

All species 698,055 1,655,375 2,353,430 288,089 2,641,519 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Thousand cubic feet
128

Table 6.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source, Pacific Coast Region, 1996 Ownership Growing All Growing All All Growing 

and species group stock sources stock sources sources stock 

National forest

Softwood 263,466 52,481 19,067 315,947 15,128 34,195 1,095 — 1,095 283,627 6

Hardwood 4,828 12,979 17,806 386 77 463 6 — 6 1

5,219 

 Total 268,293 65,460 19,453 333,753 15,205 34,658 1,100 — 1,100 288,846 8

Other public

Softwood 243,125 19,968 9,631 263,094 7,454 17,085 145 — 252,902 145 2

Hardwood 13,672 3,278 16,950 578 392 970 16 — 16 14,266  Total 256,797 23,247 10,209 280,044 7,845 18,054 162 — 267,168 162 3

Forest industry

Softwood 1,082,806 91,520 1,174,326 74,748 73,493 148,242 239 50 1,157,794 289 16

Hardwood 42,283 24,635 2,271 66,918 1,574 3,845 159 99 258 2

44,713 

 Total 1,125,089 1,241,244 116,155 77,019 75,067 152,087 398 149 1,202,506 547 19

Other private

Softwood 655,389 62,898 66,857 718,287 55,218 122,075 230 27 722,476 257 11

Hardwood 47,861 20,329 2,458 68,191 1,566 4,024 238 46 284 2

50,558 

 Total 703,250 83,228 69,315 786,478 56,784 126,099 468 73 773,033 541 14

All ownerships

Softwood 2,244,786 2,471,654 226,868 170,303 151,293 321,596 1,709 77 1,786 2,416,798 37

Hardwood 108,644 61,222 5,693 169,865 3,609 9,302 419 145 114,756 564 6

 Total 2,353,430 2,641,519 288,089 175,996 154,902 330,898 2,128 222 2,350 2,531,554 44

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

 Nongrowing Nongrowing Growing Nongrowing Non

Thousand cubic feet

 stock stock stock 

stock

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals All r
129

Table 6.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

State and Growing All Growing All Growing All Growi

species group stock sources stock sources stock sources stock 

Alaska

Softwood 136,143 3,953 140,096 40,061 30,448 70,509 1,095 — 1,095 177,2

 

Hardwood 4,588 1,375 5,962 462 635 1,098 6 — 6 5,2

Total 140,731 5,327 146,058 40,696 30,911 71,607 1,100 — 1,100 182,5

 

California

Softwood 561,828 110,961 672,790 56,183 43,683 99,866 9 77 86 618,0

 

Hardwood 9,112 45,781 54,893 — 911 912 13 158 145 10,0

Total 570,940 156,742 727,682 57,094 43,684 100,778 22 244 222 628,0

 

Oregon

Softwood 788,756 56,154 844,909 35,398 40,465 75,863 100 — 100 824,2

 

Hardwood 30,772 6,642 37,414 274 874 1,147 69 — 69 31,7

Total 819,528 62,796 882,324 36,272 40,738 77,010 169 — 169 855,9

 

Washington

Softwood 758,059 55,800 813,859 38,661 36,696 75,357 506 — 506 797,2

 

Hardwood 64,172 7,424 71,596 2,873 3,273 6,145 331 — 331 67,7

Total 822,231 63,224 885,455 41,934 39,569 81,503 837 — 837 865,0

 

All Pacific Coast States

Softwood 2,244,786 226,868 2,471,654 170,303 151,293 321,596 1,709 77 1,786 2,416,7

 

Hardwood 108,644 61,222 169,865 3,609 5,693 9,302 419 564 145 114,7

 

Total 2,353,430 288,089 2,641,519 175,996 154,902 330,898 2,128 222 2,350 2,531,5

 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of > 0.0 but < 0.05 for the cell.

Roundwood products Logging residues Other removals 

 stock

Thousand cubic feet

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing

 stock

 Nongrowing
130

Table 6.12—Weight of bark and wood residue by typsoftwood, hardwood, and use, Pacific Coast Region, 

Source Bark residue

Softwood 15 3,069 

Hardwood — 166 

Total 16 3,235 

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 6,450 997 

Hardwood 294 119 

Total 6,744 1,116 

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 2,755 1,859 

Hardwood 26 97 

Total 2,781 1,956 

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 9,205 2,856 

Hardwood 320 216 

Total 9,525 3,072 

All residue

Softwood 9,221 5,926 

Hardwood 320 382 

Total 9,541 6,308 

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of 

Thousand 

byproducts byproducts byp

Fiber Fuelwood M

Table 6.11—Volume of bark and wood residue by type of residue,

softwood, hardwood, and use, Pacific Coast Region, 1996

 Not

Source usedBark residue

Softwood 1,148 235,833 33,674 8,560 279,216

Hardwood 43 14,360 3,773 127 18,304

Total 1,192 250,193 37,447 8,687 297,519

Wood residue

(coarse material)

Softwood 495,362 79,307 49,914 1,415 625,998

Hardwood 25,466 10,274 2,985 242 38,967

Total 520,829 89,581 52,898 1,657 664,965

Wood residue

(fine material)

Softwood 209,785 145,916 33,127 879 389,706

Hardwood 2,212 8,419 2,755 68 13,453

Total 211,997 154,335 35,881 946 403,160

Wood residue

(all material)

Softwood 705,147 225,223 83,040 2,294 1,015,704

Hardwood 27,678 18,693 5,739 310 52,421

Total 732,825 243,916 88,780 2,603 1,068,124

All residue

Softwood 706,295 461,056 116,714 10,854 1,294,920

Hardwood 27,722 33,053 9,513 437 70,724

Total 734,017 494,110 126,227 11,290 1,365,644

Numbers in rows and columns may not add to totals due to rounding.

Thousand cubic feet

All

byproducts byproducts byproducts byproducts

Fiber Fuelwood Misc.
131

Timber Product Output Data Retrieval System

Timber Product Output Database Retrieval

System

The Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Units

(FIA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service

(USDA Forest Service) developed the Timber Product

Output Database Retrieval System to help customers answer

questions about timber harvesting and use in the United

States. This system acts as an interface to a standard set of

consistently coded TPO data for each State and county in

the Nation. This national set of TPO data consists of 11

variables that describe for each county the roundwood

products harvested, logging residues left behind, timber

otherwise removed, and wood and bark residues generated

by the county's primary wood-using mills. The system is

available through the Starkville, MS, Web site: http://

www.srsfia.usfs.msstate.edu/rpa/tpo.

The database is well documented and user friendly. The

retrieval system allows the user to select the TPO variables

of interest and generate a standard set of timber removals

and mill residue tables for the specified resource area or

areas. The system has been logically divided into four

sections to assist the user in specific data. In section 1, the

user will be asked to define the resource area, section 2

customizes the removals data for the area, section 3 customizes the mill residue data, and section 4 generates tables for

the user-defined resource area. In each section, the user is

asked to supply specific inputs that will serve to customize

the database retrieval.

There are four options available for defining the geographic

area of interest. Each option provides an increasing level of

detail. The region, subregion, State, or county can define the

area. The user selects the option that best suits the level of

detail required. Users who select county as an option should

be aware that some counties have been combined due to

data sensitivity. These combined counties are identified with

asterisks in the output tables.

The TPO contacts are listed for each region to provide

additional explanation or clarification.

Study Methods

This study was a cooperative effort of individual State

Forestry agencies, universities or extension agencies, and

FIA units at USDA Forest Service Research Stations around

the country. The State Forestry agencies or university

personnel canvassed all primary wood-using mills

(excluding pulpmills) within their States using mail

questionnaires supplied by the research stations. The

questionnaire was designed to determine the size and

composition of each State's primary wood-using industry, its

roundwood use, and its generation and disposition of wood

residues. Canvassing agencies followed up on

nonresponding mills by using additional mailings,

telephone, or personal contacts until a 100-percent response

was achieved. Completed questionnaires were sent to the

research stations or universities for editing and processing.

Pulpwood production was assessed using data from an

annual canvass of the Nation's pulpmills by individual

research stations. Medium-density fiberboard, insulating

board, and hardboard plants were included.

All industrial roundwood volumes reported on the

questionnaires were converted to standard units of measure

using regional conversion factors. Timber removals by

source and harvest residues generated during logging were

estimated using factors developed from logging utilization

studies conducted by the research stations. Aggregate

county-level data for individual State industrial roundwood

receipts were loaded into regional timber removal databases

and supplemented with data from out-of-State uses of

roundwood to provide a complete assessment of timber

product output for the individual States.

Appendix 2
132

Page

List of Figures

List of Figures

Figure 1.1—United States roundwood production for all products by species group and year ....................................................................... 1

Figure 1.2—United States roundwood production by type of product, 1996 .................................................................................................. 1

Figure 1.3—United States roundwood production by source, 1996................................................................................................................. 2

Figure 1.4—United States roundwood production by ownership, 1996 ......................................................................................................... 2

Figure 1.5—United States roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 .................................................................................... 2

Figure 1.6—United States roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 ................................................................................... 2

Figure 1.7—Roundwood production for all products by State and broad species group, 1996 ...................................................................... 3

Figure 1.8—United States roundwood production by region, 1996 ................................................................................................................ 3

Figure 1.9—Intensity of roundwood harvest for all products in the United States by county, 1996 .............................................................. 4

Figure 1.10—United States roundwood saw-log production by species group and year ................................................................................ 5

Figure 1.11—Roundwood saw-log production by State and broad species group, 1996 ............................................................................... 5

Figure 1.12—Intensity of roundwood saw-log harvest in the United States by county, 1996 ........................................................................ 6

Figure 1.13—United States roundwood pulpwood production by species group and year ............................................................................ 7

Figure 1.14—Roundwood pulpwood production by State and broad species group, 1996 ............................................................................ 7

Figure 1.15—Intensity of roundwood pulpwood harvest in the United States by county, 1996 ..................................................................... 8

Figure 1.16—United States roundwood veneer production by species group and year .................................................................................. 9

Figure 1.17—Roundwood veneer production by State and broad species group, 1996.................................................................................. 9

Figure 1.18—Intensity of roundwood veneer harvest in the United States by county, 1996 .......................................................................... 10

Figure 1.19—United States roundwood production for other industrial products by species group and year ............................................... 11

Figure 1.20—Intensity of roundwood other industrial products harvest in the United States by county, 1996 ............................................. 12

Figure 1.21—United States roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year ............................................................................. 11

Figure 1.22—Intensity of roundwood fuelwood harvest in the United States by county, 1996 ...................................................................... 13

Figure 1.23—United States timber removals by source, 1996 ........................................................................................................................ 14

Figure 1.24—Timber removals by State and broad species group, 1996 ........................................................................................................ 14

Figure 1.25—United States primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 ......................................................................................................... 15

Figure 1.26—United States disposal of residue by product, 1996 .................................................................................................................. 15

Chapter 1—The United States

Page
133

List of Figures

Page

Chapter 2—The Northeast Region

Figure 2.1—Northeast roundwood production for all products by species group and year ............................................................................ 17

Figure 2.2—Northeast roundwood production by type of product, 1996 ....................................................................................................... 17

Figure 2.3—Northeast roundwood production by source, 1996 ..................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.4—Northeast roundwood production by ownership, 1996 ............................................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.5—Northeast roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 .......................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.6—Northeast roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 ......................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.7—Northeast roundwood saw-log production by species group and year ........................................................................................ 19

Figure 2.8—Northeast roundwood pulpwood production by species group and year .................................................................................... 19

Figure 2.9—Northeast roundwood veneer production by species group and year .......................................................................................... 20

Figure 2.10—Northeast roundwood production for other industrial products by species group and year ..................................................... 20

Figure 2.11—Northeast roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year ................................................................................... 21

Figure 2.12—Northeast timber removals by source, 1996 .............................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 2.13—Northeast primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 .............................................................................................................. 22

Figure 2.14—Northeast disposal of residue by product, 1996 ........................................................................................................................ 22

Chapter 3—The North Central Region

Figure 3.1—North Central roundwood production for all products by species group and year ..................................................................... 23

Figure 3.2—North Central roundwood production by type of product, 1996 ................................................................................................. 23

Figure 3.3—North Central roundwood production by source, 1996 ............................................................................................................... 24

Figure 3.4—North Central roundwood production by ownership, 1996 ......................................................................................................... 24

Figure 3.5—North Central roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 ................................................................................... 24

Figure 3.6—North Central roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 .................................................................................. 24

Figure 3.7—North Central roundwood saw-log production by species group and year ................................................................................. 25

Figure 3.8—North Central roundwood pulpwood and composite panel production by species group and year ............................................ 25

Figure 3.9—North Central roundwood veneer and other industrial production by species group and year ................................................... 26

Figure 3.10—North Central roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year ............................................................................. 26

Figure 3.11—North Central timber removals by source, 1996 ........................................................................................................................ 27

Figure 3.12—North Central primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 ........................................................................................................ 27
134

Page

List of Figures

Figure 3.13—North Central disposal of residue by product, 1996 .................................................................................................................. 27

Chapter 4—The Southern Region

Figure 4.1—Southern roundwood production for all products by species group and year ............................................................................. 29

Figure 4.2—Southern roundwood production by type of product, 1996 ........................................................................................................ 29

Figure 4.3—Southern roundwood production by source, 1996 ...................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 4.4—Southern roundwood production by ownership, 1996 ................................................................................................................ 30

Figure 4.5—Southern roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 ........................................................................................... 30

Figure 4.6—Southern roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 .......................................................................................... 30

Figure 4.7—Southern roundwood saw-log production by species group and year ......................................................................................... 31

Figure 4.8—Southern roundwood pulpwood production by species group and year ..................................................................................... 31

Figure 4.9—Southern roundwood veneer production by species group and year ........................................................................................... 32

Figure 4.10—Southern roundwood production for other industrial products by species group and year ...................................................... 32

Figure 4.11—Southern roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year .................................................................................... 32

Figure 4.12—Southern timber removals by source, 1996 ............................................................................................................................... 33

Figure 4.13—Southern primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 ............................................................................................................... 33

Figure 4.14—Southern disposal of residue by product, 1996 ......................................................................................................................... 33

Chapter 5—The Rocky Mountains Region

Figure 5.1—Rocky Mountains roundwood production for all products by species group and year ............................................................... 35

Figure 5.2—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by type of product, 1996 .......................................................................................... 35

Figure 5.3—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by source, 1996 ........................................................................................................ 36

Figure 5.4—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by ownership, 1996 .................................................................................................. 36

Figure 5.5—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 ............................................................................. 36

Figure 5.6—Rocky Mountains roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 ............................................................................ 36

Figure 5.7—Rocky Mountains roundwood saw-log production by species group and year ........................................................................... 37

Figure 5.8—Rocky Mountains roundwood pulpwood production by species group and year ....................................................................... 37

Figure 5.9—Rocky Mountains roundwood veneer production by species group and year ............................................................................. 37

Figure 5.10—Rocky Mountains roundwood production for other industrial products by species group and year ........................................ 38
135

List of Figures

Page

Figure 5.11—Rocky Mountains roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year ...................................................................... 38

Figure 5.12—Rocky Mountains timber removals by source, 1996 ................................................................................................................. 39

Figure 5.13—Rocky Mountains primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 ................................................................................................. 39

Figure 5.14—Rocky Mountains disposal of residue by product, 1996 ........................................................................................................... 39

Chapter 6—The Pacific Coast Region

Figure 6.1—Pacific Coast roundwood production for all products by species group and year ...................................................................... 41

Figure 6.2—Pacific Coast roundwood production by type of product, 1996 .................................................................................................. 41

Figure 6.3—Pacific Coast roundwood production by source, 1996 ................................................................................................................ 42

Figure 6.4—Pacific Coast roundwood production by ownership, 1996 .......................................................................................................... 42

Figure 6.5—Pacific Coast roundwood production by softwood species group, 1996 .................................................................................... 42

Figure 6.6—Pacific Coast roundwood production by hardwood species group, 1996 ................................................................................... 42

Figure 6.7—Pacific Coast roundwood saw-log production by species group and year .................................................................................. 43

Figure 6.8—Pacific Coast roundwood pulpwood production by species group and year ............................................................................... 43

Figure 6.9—Pacific Coast roundwood veneer production by species group and year .................................................................................... 44

Figure 6.10—Pacific Coast roundwood production for other industrial products by species group and year ................................................ 44

Figure 6.11—Pacific Coast roundwood fuelwood production by species group and year .............................................................................. 44

Figure 6.12—Pacific Coast timber removals by source, 1996 ......................................................................................................................... 45

Figure 6.13—Pacific Coast primary mill residue by residue type, 1996 ......................................................................................................... 45

Figure 6.14—Pacific Coast disposal of residue by product, 1996 ................................................................................................................... 45
136

Page

List of Tables

List of Tables

Tables Supporting Chapter 1: The United States

Table 1.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

United Sates, 1991 and 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 47

Table 1.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

Table 1.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 49

Table 1.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 50

Table 1.5—Volume of roundwood products by region, subregion, State, species group, and type of product,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

Table 1.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 58

Table 1.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

Table 1.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 60

Table 1.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class and source,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Table 1.10—Volume of timber removals by region, subregion, State, species group, removals class, and source,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Table 1.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

Table 1.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

United States, 1996 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

Tables Supporting Chapter 2: The Northeast Region

Table 2.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

Northeast Region, 1991 and 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Table 2.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 71

Table 2.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 72

Table 2.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 73

Table 2.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
137

List of Tables

Page

Table 2.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 76

Table 2.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 77

Table 2.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 78

Table 2.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

Table 2.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 80

Table 2.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Table 2.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

Northeast Region, 1996 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Tables Supporting Chapter 3: The North Central Region

Table 3.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

North Central Region, 1991 and 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................. 83

Table 3.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 84

Table 3.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 85

Table 3.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 86

Table 3.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 87

Table 3.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 88

Table 3.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 89

Table 3.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 90

Table 3.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 91

Table 3.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 92

Table 3.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

North Central Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 93
138

Page

List of Tables

Table 3.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

North Central Region, 1996 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Tables Supporting Chapter 4: The Southern Region

Table 4.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

Southern Region, 1991 and 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................... 94

Table 4.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 95

Table 4.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Table 4.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 97

Table 4.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 98

Table 4.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 100

Table 4.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 101

Table 4.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 102

Table 4.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 103

Table 4.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Table 4.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 106

Table 4.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

Southern Region, 1996 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 106

Tables Supporting Chapter 5: The Rocky Mountains Region

Table 5.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1991 and 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................... 107

Table 5.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 108

Table 5.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 109

Table 5.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 110
139

List of Tables

Page

Table 5.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 111

Table 5.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 113

Table 5.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 114

Table 5.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 115

Table 5.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Table 5.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Table 5.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Table 5.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

Rocky Mountains Region, 1996 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Tables Supporting Chapter 6: The Pacific Coast Region

Table 6.1—Volume of roundwood products by product and species group,

Pacific Coast Region, 1991 and 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................ 120

Table 6.2—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and type of product,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 121

Table 6.3—Volume of roundwood products by ownership group, species group, and type of product, 122

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 122

Table 6.4—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and type of product,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 123

Table 6.5—Volume of roundwood products by State, species group, and type of product,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 124

Table 6.6—Volume of roundwood products by source, species group, and ownership group,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 125

Table 6.7—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species, and ownership group,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 126

Table 6.8—Volume of roundwood products by species group, detailed species group, and source,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 127

Table 6.9—Volume of timber removals by ownership group, species group, removals class, and source,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 128

Table 6.10—Volume of timber removals by State, species group, removals class, and source,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 129
140

Page

List of Tables

Table 6.11—Volume of bark and wood residues by type of residue, species group, and disposition,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 130

Table 6.12—Weight of bark and wood residues by disposition type of residue and species group,

Pacific Coast Region, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 130
141

Species Listing

Hardwoods

Common name Scientific name

Red alder Alnus spp.

Ash Fraxinus spp.

Aspen Populus spp.

Birch Betula spp.

Cottonwood Populus spp.

Elm Ulmus spp.

Hickory Carya spp.

Maple Acer spp.

Red maple A. rubrum L.

Sugar maple A. saccharum Marsh.

Red oak Quercus rubra L.

White oak Q. alba L.

Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua L.

Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera L.

Species Listing

Softwoods

Common name Scientific name

Firs Abies spp.

Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziessii (Mirb.)

 Franco

Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.

Western larch Larix occidentalis Nutt.

Eastern white pine Pinus strobes L.

Jack pine P. banksiana Lamb.

Jeffrey pine P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.

Loblolly pine P. taeda L.

Lodgepole pine P. contorta Dougl. ex Loud.

Longleaf pine P. palustris Mill.

Red pine P. resinosa Ait.

Ponderosa pine P. ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.

Shortleaf pine P. echinata Mill.

Slash pine P. elliottii Engelm.

Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana L.
142

Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Board foot. Unit of measure applied to roundwood. It

relates to lumber that is 1-foot long, 1-foot wide, and 1-inch

thick (or its equivalent).

Bole. That portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and a

4-inch top d.o.b. in trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Byproducts. Primary wood products, e.g., pulp chips,

animal bedding, fuelwood, recycled from mill residues.

Commercial species. Tree species currently or potentially

suitable for industrial wood products.

Composite products. Roundwood products manufactured

into chips, wafers, strands, flakes, shavings, or sawdust and

then reconstituted into a variety of panel and engineered

lumber products.

Consumption. The quantity of a commodity, such as

pulpwood, utilized by a particular mill or group of mills.

D.b.h. Tree diameter in inches (outside bark) at breast

height (4.5 feet aboveground).

D.o.b. (diameter outside bark). Stem diameter including

bark.

Drain. The volume of roundwood removed from any

geographic area where timber is grown.

Exports. The volume of roundwood utilized by mills

outside the State where timber was cut.

Fiber products. Byproducts used in the manufacture of

pulp, paper, paperboard, and composite products, such as

waferboard or chipboard.

Forest land. Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees

of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover, which

has not been developed for nonforest use. The minimum

area considered for classification is 1 acre. Forested strips

must be at least 120 feet wide.

Fuelwood production. The volume of roundwood

harvested to produce some form of energy, e.g., heat,

steam, in residential, industrial, or institutional settings.

Growing-stock removals. The growing-stock volume

removed from poletimber and sawtimber trees in the

timberland inventory. (Note: Includes volume removed for

roundwood products, logging residues, and other removals.)

Growing-stock trees. Living trees of commercial species

classified as sawtimber, poletimber, saplings, and seedlings.

Growing-stock trees must contain at least one 12-foot or

two 8-foot logs in the saw-log portion, currently or potentially (if too small to qualify). The log(s) must meet dimension and merchantability standards and have, currently or

potentially, one-third of the gross board-foot volume in

sound wood.

Growing-stock volume. The cubic-foot volume of sound

wood in growing-stock trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a

1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central

stem.

Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broadleaf and

deciduous.

Soft hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity of 0.50 or less, such as gums, yellowpoplar, cottonwoods, red maple, basswoods, and willows.

Hard hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity greater than 0.50, such as oaks, hard

maples, hickories, and beech.

Imports. The volume of roundwood delivered to a mill or

group of mills in a specific State but harvested outside that

State.

Industrial fuelwood. A roundwood product, with or

without bark, used to generate energy at a manufacturing

facility such as a wood-using mill.

Industrial roundwood products. Any primary use of the

main stem of a tree, such as saw logs, pulpwood, veneer

logs, intended to be processed into primary wood products

such as lumber, wood pulp, sheathing, at primary woodusing mills.

International 1⁄4-inch rule. A log rule or formula for

estimating the board-foot volume of logs, allowing 1⁄2-inch

of taper for each 4-foot length. The rule appears in a number

of forms that allow for kerf. In the form used by FIA, a 1⁄4-

inch of kerf is assumed. This rule is used as the USDA

Forest Service standard log rule in the Eastern United

States.

Log. A primary forest product harvested in long, primarily

8-, 12-, and 16-foot lengths.
143

Definition of Terms

Logging residues. The unused merchantable portion of

growing-stock trees cut or destroyed during logging

operations.

Merchantable portion. That portion of live trees 5.0 inches

d.b.h. and larger between a 1-foot stump and a minimum

4.0-inch top d.o.b. on the central stem. That portion of

primary forks from the point of occurrence to a minimum

4.0-inch top d.o.b. is included.

Merchantable volume. Solid-wood volume in the

merchantable portion of live trees.

Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small

size, poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not

develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests and

land formerly forested where timber production is precluded

by development for other uses.

Nongrowing-stock sources. The net volume removed from

the nongrowing-stock portions of poletimber and sawtimber

trees (stumps, tops, limbs, cull sections of central stem) and

from any portion of a rough, rotten, sapling, dead, or

nonforest tree.

Other forest land. Forest land other than timberland and

productive reserved forest land. It includes available and

reserved forest land that is incapable of producing annually

20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under natural

conditions because of adverse site conditions such as sterile

soils, dry climate, poor drainage, high elevation, steepness,

or rockiness.

Other products. A miscellaneous category of roundwood

products, e.g., cooperage, excelsior, shingles, and mill

residue byproducts (charcoal, bedding, mulch, etc.).

Other removals. The growing-stock volume of trees

removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as

timber stand improvement, land clearing, and other changes

in land use, resulting in the removal of the trees from

timberland.

Other sources. (see: Nongrowing-stock sources.)

Ownership. The property owned by one ownership unit,

including all parcels of land in the United States.

National forest land. Federal land that has been legally

designated as national forests or purchase units, and other

land under the administration of the Forest Service,

including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones Title

III land.

Forest industry land. Land owned by companies or

individuals operating primary wood-using plants.

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. Privately owned

land excluding forest industry land or forest industryleased land.

Corporate. Owned by corporations, including

incorporated farm ownerships.

Individual. All lands owned by individuals, including

farm operators.

Other public. An ownership class that includes all public

lands except national forests.

Miscellaneous Federal land. Federal land other than

national forests.

State, county, and municipal land. Land owned by

States, counties, and local public agencies or

municipalities, or land leased to these governmental

units for 50 years or more.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the production

of timber products at primary manufacturing plants.

Coarse residues. Material, such as slabs, edgings, trim,

veneer cores and ends, which is suitable for chipping.

Fine residues. Material, such as sawdust, shavings, and

veneer chippings, which is not suitable for chipping.

Plant byproducts. Residues (coarse or fine) used in the

further manufacture of industrial products for consumer

use or as fuel.

Unused plant residues. Residues (coarse or fine) that are

not used for any product, including fuel.

Posts, poles, and pilings. Roundwood products milled (cut

or peeled) into standard sizes (lengths and circumferences)

to be put in the ground to provide vertical and lateral

support in buildings, foundations, utility lines, and fences.

May also include nonindustrial (unmilled) products.

Poletimber-size trees. Softwoods 5.0 to 8.9 inches d.b.h.

and hardwoods 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.
144

Definition of Terms

Primary wood-using plants. Industries that convert

roundwood products (saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, etc.)

into primary wood products, such as lumber, veneer or

sheathing, wood pulp.

Production. The total volume of roundwood harvested from

land within a State, regardless of where it is consumed.

Production is the sum of timber harvested and used within a

State, and all roundwood exported to other States.

Pulpwood. A roundwood product that will be reduced to

individual wood fibers by chemical or mechanical means.

The fibers are used to make a broad generic group of pulp

products that includes paper products, as well as chipboard,

fiberboard, insulating board, and paperboard.

Receipts. The quantity or volume of industrial roundwood

received at a mill or by a group of mills in a State,

regardless of the geographic source. Volume of roundwood

receipts is equal to the volume of roundwood retained in a

State plus roundwood imported from other States.

Retained. Roundwood volume harvested from and

processed by mills within the same State.

Rotten trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous

saw logs, each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively,

primarily because of rot or missing sections, and with less

than one-third of the gross board-foot tree volume in sound

material.

Rough trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous

saw logs, each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively,

primarily because of roughness, poor form, splits, and

cracks, and with less than one-third of the gross board-foot

tree volume in sound material; and live trees of noncommercial species.

Roundwood (roundwood logs). Logs, bolts, or other round

sections cut from trees for industrial manufacture or

consumer uses.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for

industrial manufacture, delivered to nonpulpmills, chipped,

and then sold to pulpmills for use as fiber. Includes tops,

jump sections, whole trees, and pulpwood sticks.

Roundwood products. Any primary product, such as

lumber, poles, pilings, pulp, or fuelwood that is produced

from roundwood.

Roundwood product drain. That portion of total drain

used for a product.

Salvable dead trees. Standing or downed dead trees that

were formerly growing stock and considered merchantable.

Trees must be at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. to qualify.

Saplings. Live trees 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log. A roundwood product, usually 8 feet in length or

longer, processed into a variety of sawn products such as

lumber, cants, pallets, railroad ties, and timbers.

Saw-log portion. The part of the bole of sawtimber trees

between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top.

Saw-log top. The point on the bole of sawtimber trees

above which a conventional saw log cannot be produced.

The minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches d.o.b. for softwoods

and 9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.

Sawtimber-size trees. Softwoods 9.0 inches d.b.h. and

larger and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Sawtimber volume. Growing-stock volume in the saw-log

portion of sawtimber-sized trees in board feet (International

1⁄4-inch rule).

Seedlings. Trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. and greater than 1

foot tall for hardwoods, greater than 6 inches tall for softwood, and greater than 0.5 inch in diameter at ground level

for longleaf pine.

Select red oaks. A group of several red oak species composed of cherrybark, Shumard, and northern red oaks. Other

red oak species are included in the other red oaks group.

Select white oaks. A group of several white oak species

composed of white, swamp chestnut, swamp white,

chinkapin, Durand, and bur oaks. Other white oak species

are included in the other white oaks group.

Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having

leaves that are needles or scalelike.

Standard cord. A unit of measure applied to roundwood,

usually bolts or split wood. It is a stack of wood 4 feet high,

4 feet wide, and 8 feet long encompassing 128 cubic feet of

wood, bark, and air space. This usually translates to approximately 75.0 to 81.0 cubic feet of solid wood for pulpwood,

because pulpwood is more uniform.
145

Definition of Terms

Standard unit. A unit measure applied to roundwood

timber products. Board feet (International 1⁄4 rule) is the

standard unit used for saw logs and veneer; cords are used

for pulpwood, composite panel, and fuelwood; hundred

pieces for poles; thousand pieces for posts; and thousand

cubic feet for all other miscellaneous forest products.

Timberland. Forest land capable of producing 20 cubic feet

of industrial wood per acre per year and not withdrawn from

timber utilization.

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Timber products output. The total volume of roundwood

products from all sources plus the volume of byproducts

recovered from mill residues (equals roundwood product

drain).

Timber removals. The total volume of trees removed from

the timberland inventory by harvesting, cultural operations

such as stand improvement, land clearing, or changes in

land use. (Note: Includes roundwood products, logging

residues, and other removals.)

Tree. Woody plants having one erect perennial stem or

trunk at least 3 inches d.b.h., a more or less definitely

formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 13 feet (at

maturity).

Upper-stem portion. The part of the main stem of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top and the minimum top

diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to the point where

the main stem breaks into limbs.

Utilization studies. Studies conducted on active logging

operations to develop factors for merchantable portions of

trees left in the woods (logging residues), logging damage,

and utilization of the unmerchantable portion of growingstock trees and nongrowing stock trees.

Veneer log. A roundwood product either rotary cut, sliced,

stamped, or sawn into a variety of veneer products such as

plywood, finished panels, veneer sheets, or sheathing.

Weight. A unit of measure for mill residues, expressed as

oven-dry tons (2,000 oven-dry pounds).
i

Johnson, Tony G., ed. 2001. United States timber industry—an assessment of timber

product output and use, 1996. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–45. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 145 p.

This report is a compilation of timber product output for the United States and the five

Resources Planning Act regions for 1996 and is a companion report to the Forest Resources

of the United States, 1997. Roundwood output from the Nation's forests totaled 16.4 billion

cubic feet, 8 percent less than in 1991. Saw logs were the leading roundwood product at 7.1

billion cubic feet; pulpwood ranked second at 5.2 billion cubic feet; and veneer logs were

third at 1.3 billion cubic feet. The South supplied 58 percent of the Nation's timber product

output and had 7 of the top 10 producing States. Softwood species accounted for 61 percent

of output, and nonindustrial private forest owners supplied 60 percent of the Nation's

roundwood products. Mill byproducts generated from primary manufacturers totaled 6.1

billion cubic feet. Only 2 percent of the mill residues were not used. Mill residue was used

primarily for fuel and fiber products.

Keywords: Pulpwood, removals, residue, roundwood, saw logs, veneer logs.
ii

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is

dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of

the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood,

water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research,

cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of

the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by

Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination

in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national

origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or

marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of

Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern Research Station

General Technical Report SRS–45

September 2001