U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Prepared in cooperation with

The Lower Columbia River Estuary Program and the

National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program

Investigation of the Distribution of

Organochlorine and Polycyclic

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds i

the Lower Columbia River Using

Semipermeable Membrane Devices

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4051
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4051

Investigation of the Distribution of

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower

Columbia River Using Semipermeable

Membrane Devices

Prepared in cooperation with the

Lower Columbia River Estuary Program and the

National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program

By Kathleen A. McCarthy and Robert W. Gale

Portland, Oregon

1999
K. A. McCarthy and R. W. Gale—INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE AND POLYCYCLIC 

CARBON COMPOUNDS IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER USING SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES—U.S. G

Report 99–
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Charles G. Groat, Director

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purc

from:

U.S. Geological Survey

Information Services

Box 25286

Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

E-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov

The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes

only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr

Portland, OR 97216

E-mail: info-or@usgs.gov
v

CONTENTS

Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................

Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Background ......................................................................................................................................................................

Concurrent Investigations ................................................................................................................................................

Approach..........................................................................................................................................................................

Data Collection and Analyses ..........................................................................................................................................

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Water ...................................................

Deployment of Semipermeable-Membrane Devices.................................................................................

Analyses.....................................................................................................................................................

Organic Carbon.....................................................................................................................................................

Environmental Conditions ....................................................................................................................................

Streambed Sediment .............................................................................................................................................

Estimation of Dissolved Concentrations..........................................................................................................................

Estimation of Total Concentrations .................................................................................................................................

Distribution of Organochlorine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds ...........................................................

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans.............................................................

Polychlorinated Biphenyls....................................................................................................................................

Organochlorine Pesticides ....................................................................................................................................

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds ...................................................................................................

Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................................................

References........................................................................................................................................................................

Appendix A.—Molecular structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and

polychlorinated biphenyls .......................................................................................................................

Appendix B.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks

during low-flow conditions, 1997 ...........................................................................................................

Appendix C.—Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of

organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions, 1997..

Appendix D.—Suspended and dissolved organic carbon during low-flow conditions, 1997.........................................

Appendix E.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks

during high-flow conditions, 1998 ..........................................................................................................

Appendix F.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDS during

high-flow conditions, 1998 .....................................................................................................................

Appendix G.—Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

compounds during high-flow conditions, 1998.......................................................................................

Appendix H.—Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of

organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions, 1998.

Appendix I.—Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds

during high-flow conditions, 1998 ..........................................................................................................

Appendix J.—Suspended and dissolved organic carbon during high-flow conditions, 1998........................................

FIGURES

1. Map showing study area location and data-collection sites..................................................................................

2. Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), deployment rack, and protective shroud.........................................

3. Graph showing theoretical accumulation of a dissolved compound from water into a semipermeable membran

device ....................................................................................................................................................................

4-9. Diagrams showing:

4. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

5. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in

the Columbia River Basin, 1997...........................................................................................................................
vi

6. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .....................................................................................................

7. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during lowflow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .............................................................................................

8. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1997.................................................................................................................................

9. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during lowflow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .............................................................................................

A1. General chemical structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans

(PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) .................................................................................................

TABLES

1. Summary of organochlorine and PAH data collected in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998..................

2. Semipermeable membrane device deployment during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

3. Semipermeable membrane device deployment during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 199

4. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during lowflow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.............................................................................................

5. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in streambed sediment collected during

low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .....................................................................................

6. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997..........................................................................

7. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans durin

low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .....................................................................................

8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1997.................................................................................................................................

9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

10. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1997.................................................................................................................................

11. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

12. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

13. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .....................................................................................................

14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in

the Columbia River Basin, 1997...........................................................................................................................

15. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

16. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin,

1997.......................................................................................................................................................................

17. Organochlorine pesticides in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River

Basin, 1997 ...........................................................................................................................................................

18. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia

River Basin, 1997..................................................................................................................................................

19. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River

Basin, 1997 ...........................................................................................................................................................

20. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1997.................................................................................................................................

21. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................

22. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditio

in the Columbia River Basin, 1997.......................................................................................................................
vii

23. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in

the Columbia River Basin, 1997...........................................................................................................................

A1. Structures of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners ...............................................................................................

B1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed

during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ................................

B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deploymen

and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997................................................................................

B3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997............................................................

B4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of

SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 .........................................................................................................

B5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployme

and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997................................................................................

C1. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998.................................................................................................................

C2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of orthosubstituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin

1997 and 1998.......................................................................................................................................................

C3. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used to estimate dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted

polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and

1998.......................................................................................................................................................................

C4. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of

organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997................................

C5. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ..................

D1. Organic carbon measured during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...............................

E1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed

during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998................................

E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998............................................................

E3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998............................................................

E4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval

of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.....................................................................................................

E5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998............................................................

F1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during highflow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.............................................................................................

F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1998.................................................................................................................................

F3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1998.................................................................................................................................

F4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin,

1998.......................................................................................................................................................................

F5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1998.................................................................................................................................

G1. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.........................................................................

G2. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 .....................................................................................................

G3. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 .....................................................................................................
viii

G4. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the

Columbia River Basin, 1998.................................................................................................................................

G5. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 .....................................................................................................

H1. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of

organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...............................

H2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 .................

I1. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.........................................................................

I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.......................................................................................................................

I3. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 .....................................................................................................

I4. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the Columbia

River Basin, 1998..................................................................................................................................................

I5. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions

in the Columbia River Basin, 1998.......................................................................................................................

J1. Organic carbon measured during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998................................

CONVERSION FACTORS

a

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F= (1.8 °C) +32

METRIC UNITS OF MASS

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

Flow rate

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second

Temperaturea

1 milligram = 10-3x gram

1 microgram = 10-6x gram

1 nanogram = 10-9x gram

1 picogram = 10-12 gram

1 femtogram = 10-15 gram
ix

ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS

CSPMD SPMD concentration

CT total concentration (dissolved plus sorbed)

Cw dissolved concentration

CERC Columbia Environmental Research Center

DDD dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane

DDE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DOC dissolved organic carbon

EST Environmental Sampling Technologies

fg/L femtograms per liter

ft feet

Koc organic carbon-water partition coefficient

Kow octanol-water partition coefficient

KSPMD SPMD-water partition coefficient

L stream load

mg/L milligrams per liter

ng/L nanograms per liter

NWQL National Water Quality Laboratory

OC organochlorine

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PCB polychlorinated biphenyl

PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin

PCDF polychlorinated dibenzofuran

pg/L picograms per liter

Q stream discharge

R SPMD sampling rate

s second

SOC suspended organic carbon

SPMD semipermeable membrane device

t time

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U. S. Geological Survey
1

Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine an

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the

Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable Membr

Devices

By Kathleen A. McCarthy and Robert W. Gale

ABSTRACT

Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbon compounds are of concern in the

Columbia River Basin because of their adverse

effects on fish and wildlife. Because these compounds can have important biological consequences at concentrations well below the

detection limits associated with conventional

water-sampling techniques, we used semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to sample water,

and achieved sub-parts-per-quintillion detection

limits. We deployed SPMDs during 1997

low-flow conditions and 1998 high-flow conditions at nine main-stem sites and seven tributary sites, spanning approximately 700 miles of

the Columbia River. We also collected streambed

sediment from three sites. SPMD extracts and sediments were analyzed for polychlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine

pesticides and related transformation products,

and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our data

indicate that (1) in the absence of additional

sources, mechanisms such as volatilization, dilution, and settling of suspended particles can act to

significantly reduce concentrations of contaminants along the river’s flow path, (2) elevated

concentrations of contaminants in the Portland-Vancouver area are primarily from local

rather than upstream sources, (3) elevated concentrations of many compounds tend to be diluted

during periods of high discharge, (4) much higher

discharge in the main stem considerably dilu

vated concentrations entering from tributarie

the distribution of hydrophobic organic com

in streambed sediment is not necessarily ind

of their distribution in the dissolved-phase, a

SPMDs can reveal patterns of contaminant o

rence at environmentally relevant concentrat

that are undetectable by conventional water-

pling techniques.

SUMMARY

As a result of increasing urbanization, agr

development, and industrialization throughout th

Columbia River Basin, fish and wildlife populat

and near the river are exposed to a wide variety 

taminants from both runoff and atmospheric dep

Industrial and agricultural chemicals have been 

lated with reproductive abnormalities in river ott

eagles and ospreys from the basin, and these and 

organochlorine (OC) and polycyclic aromatic hy

bon (PAH) compounds are also suspected of cau

rimental health effects in several additional spec

Many of these compounds also have the tendenc

accumulate, and adverse effects can therefore res

from extremely low concentrations in river wate

We used semipermeable-membrane devic

(SPMDs) to investigate OC and PAH compound

Columbia River Basin at low parts-per-quintillio

els—concentrations several orders of magnitude 

detection limits associated with conventional wa

pling techniques. We deployed SPMDs at nine sit

the Columbia main stem and seven sites near the 

of tributaries during 1997 low-flow conditions an
2

during 1998 high-flow conditions (data from the 1998

deployment period are presented in tables in the

Appendixes of this report, but are not discussed in the

body of the report). Streambed sediment samples were

also collected at three of the sites. SPMD extracts and

sediments were analyzed for polychlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),

OC pesticides and related transformation products

(referred to throughout this report as simply OC

pesticides), and PAHs. Concentrations measured in

SPMDs were used to estimate dissolved concentrations

in river water and sorbed concentrations associated

with suspended and dissolved organic carbon.

Many of the compounds investigated during this

study are persistent in the environment. Therefore,

even though some have been severely restricted or

banned completely over the last few decades, target

analytes were present at all sites sampled. Estimates of

dissolved-phase concentrations indicate that individual

OC compounds were generally present at picogram

(10-12 gram) to femtogram (10-15 gram) per liter levels, and PAHs at nanogram (10-9 gram) to picogram

per liter levels. Additional organic compounds not targeted during this study were also accumulated in

SPMDs at concentrations up to several orders of magnitude greater than target analytes. Although these

compounds have not been identified, their prevalence

suggests they may be important to our understanding

of water-quality conditions in the Columbia River

Basin.

During the 1997 low-flow sampling period,

concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were highest in

SPMDs deployed in the Willamette River Basin, the

Yakima River, and the Columbia River main stem near

the Portland-Vancouver urban area. During the 1998

high-flow sampling period, concentrations of PCDDs

and PCDFs were generally similar to or slightly lower

than 1997 levels.

Concentrations of PCBs measured during the

1997 low-flow sampling were highest in SPMDs

deployed at tributary sites—Johnson Creek and the

Willamette River, both in the Portland-Vancouver

urban area, and the Wenatchee River, in the upper

Columbia River Basin. In the Columbia River main

stem, concentrations were slightly elevated in SPMDs

from the Columbia City site, just downstream of the

Portland-Vancouver urban area, but were lower in

SPMDs from more downstream sites. Concentrations

of PCBs were lower in 1998 than in 1997 at the

Johnson Creek, Willamette River, Wenatchee River

and Columbia City sites. At all other sites, 1998 

concentrations were similar or slightly reduced 

pared to the 1997 study period. At the Wenatch

concentrations of ortho-substituted PCBs were 

edly lower in 1998; non-ortho-substituted PCB

not measured at this site in 1998.

The most prevalent OC pesticides detect

SPMDs during the 1997 low-flow deployment w

p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD—both metabolites of D

Overall pesticide concentrations during this peri

elevated in the upper basin at the Vernita and Y

River sites, at the Warrendale site, and in the Wi

River Basin. During the 1998 high-flow samplin

period, concentrations were lower at the Warren

Longview sites and similar or slightly reduced a

other sites except Johnson Creek. Levels of sev

ticides were somewhat elevated at the Johnson C

in 1998, likely due to the residential and agricultu

use that has characterized this relatively small d

basin for many years.

PAH concentrations in SPMDs during 19

low-flow conditions were lowest at main-stem s

the upper Columbia River Basin and highest at 

rendale and Willamette River Basin sites. Durin

1998 study period, PAH concentrations were si

slightly lower at most sites, but were considerab

reduced in SPMDs from the Warrendale site.

The spatial and temporal distribution of hy

bic organic compounds observed during this stu

vide important insights into the sources and tran

these compounds in the Columbia River system

Although differences in dissolved concentration 

mates were often small relative to the uncertain

ent in our approach, the consistency in many of 

observed patterns suggests they are authentic.

• Consistently low levels of compounds

measured at the Hayden Island site—

just upstream of the mouth of the Willamette River—and at the Bradwood

site—the most downstream site sampled—suggest that in the absence of

additional sources, mechanisms such a

volatilization, dilution, and settling of

suspended particles can act to significantly reduce concentrations of contam

inants along the river’s flow path.

• Consistently low levels of compounds

measured at the Hayden Island site,

coupled with other data from upstream

sites, indicate that elevated concen-
3

trations of contaminants in the Portland-Vancouver area are primarily

from local rather than upstream

sources.

• Concentrations of many compounds

are diluted with increased discharge,

except in Johnson Creek.

• Concentrations of many OC and PAH

compounds may be elevated at tributary sites, but the much higher discharge in the main stem considerably

dilutes these concentrations.

• The distribution of hydrophobic

organic compounds in streambed sediment is not necessarily indicative of

their distribution in river water.

• SPMDs can reveal patterns of contaminant occurrence at environmentally relevant concentrations that are

undetectable by conventional

water-sampling techniques.

BACKGROUND

The Columbia River drains approximately

260,000 square miles (670,000 square kilometers) in

the Pacific Northwest and travels more than 1,200 river

miles (1,900 kilometers) from its headwaters in the

Canadian Rockies to its mouth at the Oregon-Washington border (fig. 1). As a result of increasing urbanization, agricultural development, and industrialization

throughout the basin, fish, wildlife, and human populations in and near the Lower Columbia River are

exposed to a wide variety of contaminants from both

runoff and atmospheric deposition.

Several studies have shown that persistent organochlorine (OC) compounds are pervasive in biota,

sediment, and water sampled in the Columbia River

Basin. L. Lefkovitz, E. Crecelius, and N. McElroy

(Battelle, unpub. data, 1996) used 2 configurations of

semipermeable-membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate OC pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls

(PCBs) from river water at 10 sites in the basin extending from the Yakima River to the Columbia River at

Longview. They found OC compounds present at all

sites, with the highest pesticide concentrations in the

Yakima River and the highest PCB concentrations in

the Columbia Slough and the Willamette River 

Portland-Vancouver area.

A water-quality study by the Lower Colu

River Bi-State Program (1990-96) found develo

deformities and higher concentrations of PCBs, 

ticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCD

polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and he

als in river otter from the Lower Columbia River 

to those from a reference area (Henny et al., 19

many of the compounds analyzed, the highest c

trations were found in otter collected near the P

land-Vancouver area. Data collected during the 

study showed that bald eagles nesting along the 

bia River were not reproducing as successfully a

nesting in other areas of Oregon and Washingto

(Columbia River Bi-State Study, June 1996). Ea

sampled contained dichlorodiphenyldichloroeth

(DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DD

degradation products of the once widely used O

cide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)—P

PCDDs, and PCDFs at concentrations that excee

estimated no-effect levels and that were associa

reduced productivity in other studies (Anthony 

1993; Wiemeyer et al., 1993; Giesy et al., 1995

et al., 1996; Elliot et al., 1996).

 The Willamette River flows into the Low

Columbia River in the Portland-Vancouver urba

and is a source of OC compounds in the lower C

River. These compounds have been detected in 

ambed sediment, suspended sediment, and fish 

the Willamette Basin by several investigators (F

1989; Edwards, 1992; Curtis et al., 1993; Rinell

Harrison et al., 1995; Bonn, 1998; Wentz et al., 

During storm sampling, these compounds were 

detected in filtered water collected from Johnso

the Pudding River, and the Willamette River ne

land (Harrison et al., 1995). Fuhrer et al. (1996) 

a number of organic compounds, including OC 

cides, in stream water in the lower Columbia Ba

found the largest number of detections and the 

concentrations at their Willamette River site.

The upper Columbia River Basin, above 

ville Dam, can also act as a source of materials 

lower basin, and several studies have detected O

pounds in biota, sediment, and water sampled in 

upper basin (Williamson et al., 1998; Munn and 

1997; Gruber and Munn, 1996, Wagner et al., 1

Embrey and Block, 1995; Rinella et al., 1992).

OC and PAH compounds are ubiquitous i

lower Columbia River Basin and result from urb

cultural, and industrial activities. The objective 
4

Figure 1. Study area location and data-collection sites.
5

study was to identify the relative magnitudes of riverine sources of OC and PAH compounds in the lower

Columbia River Basin by measuring them within various reaches of the main stem and near the mouths of

selected tributaries.

CONCURRENT INVESTIGATIONS

Concurrent studies are underway to evaluate the

biological effects of OC and PAH compounds in the

Columbia River Basin. The Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (Corvallis, Oregon) of the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a study along

the Columbia River to evaluate the relationship

between osprey (Pandion haliaetus) reproduction and

the contaminant residue patterns in their eggs. In a separate study, the USGS’s Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends Program collected fish at

selected sites within the Columbia River Basin. After

being examined and assessed for gross indications of

fish health, tissues from these fish are being analyzed

for contaminant residues and biomarkers—biochemical, physiological, or histological indicators of exposure to contaminants. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife

Service (USFWS) also deployed SPMDs at many of

the sites sampled during the current study. Dialysates

from these SPMDs will be evaluated by the H4IIE rat

hepatoma cell bioassay method (Tillitt et al., 1991),

which provides a measure of the overall toxicity of

compounds present in the river.

APPROACH

Because of their very low water solubilities, OC

and PAH compounds in water tend to sorb to sediment

and dissolved organic material, and the dissolved fractions of these compounds are therefore low. However,

adverse biological impacts can result from even

extremely low concentrations of the dissolved phase of

some these compounds, particularly those that accumulate in aquatic organisms. Because such low dissolved concentrations are not detectable by conventional water-sampling methods, they are typically measured by analyzing large-volume unfiltered water samples. Dissolved concentrations are then estimated

using dissolved and particulate organic carbon data and

partition coefficients. To overcome some of the difficulties inherent in large-volume water sampling,

SPMDs (fig. 2) were used in this study to measure the

dissolved concentrations of OC and PAH compo

addition, SPMDs provide the advantage of time

grated sampling for most OC and PAH compou

thus are better suited than conventional point-in

sampling techniques for investigating episodic 

nant discharges. Huckins et al. (1993) provide a 

tion of SPMDs and the theory underlying their

application.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES

SPMDs were used to sample nine sites on 

Columbia River main stem and seven tributary 

PAH and OC compounds during low-flow cond

the late summer and early fall of 1997, and agai

high-flow conditions in 1998 (tables 1-3). High 

the Columbia River main stem result primarily 

snowmelt, and the 1998 sampling at most sites 

ducted during late spring and early summer to c

peak discharges. In contrast, high flows in the W

lamette subbasin result largely from winter rain

therefore the 1998 sampling at the Willamette R

Johnson Creek sites was conducted during the w

To help in the interpretation of SPMD dat

temperature was also monitored and water samp

collected for analyses of dissolved and suspend

organic carbon. During the 1997 low-flow samp

period, streambed sediment was collected from 

the sites and analyzed for the full suite of OC a

compounds.

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds in Water

The SPMDs used in this study were purc

from Environmental Sampling Technologies (E

Joseph, Missouri. They were standard SPMDs (

et al., 1999) consisting of a 91.4-cm length of 2

wide low-density polyethylene lay-flat tubing co

a thin film (1 mL, 0.915 g) of triolein—a large-

lar-weight, neutral lipid characteristic of many 

oils (fig. 2).

Deployment of Semipermeable Membrane D

SPMDs, mounted on deployment racks (fi

were shipped from the manufacturer in sealed 1

metal cans and refrigerated until use. The seale

were transported to the field on ice. In the field, 

mounted SPMDs were removed from the storag
6

a

Johnson Creek is tributary to the Willamette River at Willamette River mile 18

Table 1. Summary of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon data collection in the Columbia Rive

1997 and 1998

[—, not available; for tributary sites, Columbia River mile indicates river mile at which tributary enters main stem; see figure 1 for site lo

Site Name Site

Number

Surface-Water

Station

Number

Columbia

River Mile

Data Collected

Water Sediment

Main-Stem Sites

Bradwood 01 — 39 X

Beaver Army Terminal 02 14246900 54 X X

Longview 03 — 69 X

Columbia City 04 — 82 X

Hayden Island 07 — 102 X

Warrendale 09 14128870 141 X X

Umatilla 10 — 289 X

Vernita Bridge 14 12472900 388 X

Northport 16 12400520 735 X

Tributary Sites

Lake River 05 — 87 X

Willamette River 06 14211720 101 X X

Johnson Creek 08 14211550 —a X

Yakima River 11 12510500 335 X

Lower Crab Creek 12 12472600 411 X

Snake River 13 13353200 324 X

Wenatchee River 15 — 468 X

(by grasping the mounting rack rather than the SPMD),

transferred into stainless steel deployment cannisters

(which serve as protective shrouds), and placed in the

stream. SPMDs were typically exposed to the atmosphere less than 15 minutes before being submerged in

the river.

Each cannister contained 5 SPMDs. Individual

deployments consisted of either 1 or 3 cannisters (5 or

15 SPMDs per deployment), depending on the suite of

compounds to be analyzed. Cannisters were secured at

each site with anchors and, in some cases, a tether line

attached to a fixed structure. Floats were used to ensure

that the cannisters did not rest on the streambed.

SPMDs were left in place for approximately 35 days.

At the end of this 5-week deployment period, the

mounted SPMDs were removed from the cannisters

(by grasping the mounting rack rather than the SPMD),

sealed in cans, and shipped on ice to the EST laboratory. Again, SPMDs were typically exposed to t

sphere less than 15 minutes before being sealed 

shipping containers.

Field Quality Control.—SPMDs were d

in duplicate at selected locations to help quantif

overall precision of the sampling and analytical 

ods. At selected sites, field-blank SPMDs were 

to the atmosphere during both deployment and 

to help quantify sample contamination resulting 

handling and exposure to the atmosphere. Dupl

deployments and field blanks each consisted of t

number of SPMDs (5 or 15) as the associated p

deployment. All SPMD sets—primary deploym

duplicate deployments, and field blanks—were 

cessed and analyzed using the same methods.

For each class of compounds, analyte con

trations measured in field-blank SPMDs (Appen

and E) were generally much lower than those m
7

Table 2. Simipermeable membrane device deployment during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997aSPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage.bDischarge from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station near site (Hubbard et al., 1998).cDischarge estimated from McNary Dam outflow, approximately 3.5 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Management Division FTP site, access

ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/).

dDischarge from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station near site (Wiggins et al., 1998).eDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 13353000, approximately 1 mile upstream of site (Wiggins et al., 1998).fDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12472800, approximately 6 miles upstream of site (Wiggins et al., 1998).gDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12462500, approximately 5 miles upstream of site (Wiggins et al., 1998).hDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12399500, approximately 10 miles upstream of site (Wiggins et al., 1998).iDischarge estimated from Bonneville Dam outflow, approximately 3 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Management Division FTP site, acces

ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/).

[—, no data available; C, degrees Celsius; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; ft/s, feet per second; S, slight; M, moderate; H, heavy]

Site Name Site Number Date Deployed Date Retrieved Exposure Period (days)

Quality Control Exposure-Period Average

Field

Blank

Duplicate Water Temperature (C) Stream Discharge (ft3/s) Estim

Wat

Veloc

(ft/s

Phase 1 Deployment

Bradwood 01 August 4 September 8 35 21.7 — 0.5 - Beaver Army Terminal 02 August 4 September 8 35 21.2 201,000b 1.5 - 

Longview 03 August 5 September 9 35 X 21.5 — 1.5 - Columbia City 04 August 5 September 9 35 21.6 — 1.5 - Willamette River 06 August 6 September 10 35 X X 21.9 11,200b 0.5 - Johnson Creek 08 August 6 September 10 35 17.6 31b 1.5 - Umatilla 10 August 8 September 15 38 X 20.2 171,000c 0.5 - Yakima River 11 August 11 September 15 35 X 20.7 2,250d 1.5 - Lower Crab Creek 12 August 11 September 16 36 X 20.6 328d 1.5 - Snake River 13 August 12 September 15 34 20.1a 39,500e 3 - 4Vernita Bridge 14 August 12 September 16 35 — 128,000f > 5 

Wenatchee River 15 August 13 September 16 34 16.6 1,410g 1.5 - 

Northport 16 August 13 September 17 35 X X 16.9 112,000h 1.5 - 

Phase 2 Deployment

Lake River 05 October 15 November 20 36 11.6 — 0.5 - Hayden Island 07 October 15 November 20 36 12.5 — 0.5 - Warrendale 09 October 15 November 20 36 12.8 156,000i 1.5 - 
8

aSPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage.bDischarge from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station near site (unpublished data, 1998).cDischarge estimated from Bonneville Dam outflow, approximately 3 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Management Division FTP site, acces

ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/).

dDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12399500, approximately 10 miles upstream of site (unpublished data, 1998).eDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12462500, approximately 5 miles upstream of site (unpublished data, 1998).fDischarge estimated from Bureau of Reclamation data (unpublished data, 1998).gDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 13353000, approximately 1 mile upstream of site (unpublished data, 1998).hDischarge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12472800, approximately 6 miles upstream of site (unpublished data, 1998).iDischarge estimated from McNary Dam outflow, approximately 3.5 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Management Division FTP site, access

ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/).

Table 3. Simipermeable membrane device deployment during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998[—, no data available; C, degrees Celsius; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; ft/s, feet per second; S, slight; M, moderate; H, heavy]

Site Name Site Number Date Deployed Date Retrieved Exposure Period (days)

Quality Control Exposure-Period Avera

Field

Blank Duplicate

Water

Temperature

(C)

Stream

Discharge

(ft3/s)

Phase 1 Deployment

Willamette River 06 January 15 February 18 34 X X 7.8 80,500b Johnson Creek 08 January 15 February 18 34 8.3 194b 

Phase 2 Deployment

Bradwood 01 May 19 June 22 34 14.7 — Beaver Army Terminal 02 May 19 June 22 34 X X 14.5 385,000b Longview 03 May 21 June 23 33 14.7 — Hayden Island 07 May 21 June 24 34 15.4 — Columbia City 04 May 22 June 23 32 15.2 — Lake River 05 May 22 June 23 32 16.5 — Warrendale 09 May 22 June 24 33 14.9 316,000c Northport 16 June 2 July 6 34 — 130,000d 

Lower Crab Creek 12 June 3 July 7 34 21.3 3b 

Wenatchee River 15 June 3 July 7 34 12.7 6,810e Yakima River 11 June 4 July 7 33 X X 19.5 3,590f Snake River 13 June 4 July 8 34 16.5a 107,000g 

Vernita Bridge 14 June 4 July 7 33 X X 15.6 160,000h Umatilla 10 June 5 July 8 33 16.5 277,000i 
9

in deployed SPMDs, showing that handling and exposure to the atmosphere did not introduce significant

contamination. In addition, for each deployment

period, analyte concentrations were similar in all

field-blank SPMDs. SPMD data from each river

deployment were therefore corrected for atmospheric

contamination, based on average concentrations of all

field blanks exposed during that period.

Results from duplicate field deployments (presented with regular deployment results in the following

sections) indicate precision adequate for a reconnaissance-level study. With the exception of the 1997

duplicate deployment at the Northport site, results

from most duplicate samples differed by less than a

factor of two, and as expected, the greatest differences

were in analytes present at concentrations near the

detection limits. There were considerably larger differences between the Northport duplicate samples. The

second Northport sample had consistently higher

concentrations of all analytes except PCDDs and

Protective

shroud

SPMD mounted on

deployment rack

Membrane

75-90 μm thick

Contaimnant

molecule

Lipid

(Triolein)

Transient

membrane

pore size

<10 A

Interior

Interior

Water

Water

Figure 2. Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD),

deployment rack, and protective shroud. (After Huckins

et al., 1998)

PCDFs, which were either not detected or prese

els that could not be quantified. The reasons for 

crepancies in the Northport duplicate data are n

known, but we hypothesize that the second sam

somehow contaminated and the first sample is m

resentative of riverine conditions at site 16. Dat

the 1998 deployment support this assumption, b

results remain ambiguous and should be interpr

tiously.

Analyses

At the EST laboratory, exterior debris and 

yton were removed and SPMDs were spiked wi

cocktail of surrogate compounds prepared by th

Columbia Environmental Research Center (CER

Columbia, Missouri, to monitor analyte recovery

SPMDs were dialyzed in hexane, and dialysate

purified using high-performance gel-permeation 

matography and sealed in glass ampules. Purifi

sates from the 1997 low-flow deployments and f

phase-1 1998 high-flow deployment were sent t

CERC for analyses. Purified dialysates from the 

high-flow deployment were sent to the Midwes

Research Institute (MRI), Kansas City, Missour

analyses.

In the analytical laboratories, enriched di

were divided into separate portions for analyses 

PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, (2) OC Pesticides a

formation products, and (3) PAHs. (See append

illustrations and definitions of PCDD, PCDF, an

congeners.) Each of these portions was prepare

analysis with specific fractionation and enrichm

cedures. PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-substi

PCBs were analyzed by gas chromatography-hi

lution mass spectrometry. OC pesticides and or

stituted PCBs were analyzed by gas chromatog

with electron capture detection. PAH compound

analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrom

Complete details of the methods used at the CER

ratory are described by Gale and Orazio (1998)

details of methods used at the EST and MRI labo

are available from EST and MRI.

Laboratory Quality Control.—Quality 

samples processed with SPMD samples include

dural blanks and procedural spikes for each clas

lytes. Procedural blanks were used to identify a

quantify background contamination that occurre

sample preparation and analyses. Procedural spik

used to monitor the overall efficiency of the sam

aration and analytical processes. Reported SPM
10

concentrations were corrected for surrogate recoveries

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank

backgrounds. Further details of the quality-control

methods used at the analytical laboratories and the specific methods used for data correction are available in

Gale and Orazio (1998) and from MRI.

Organic Carbon

Grab samples for analyses of dissolved and suspended organic carbon were collected at selected sites

during the deployment and retrieval of SPMDs. These

samples were collected in baked glass bottles, sealed

with aluminum-foil-lined caps, and stored on ice

immediately following collection. The samples were

filtered in the District laboratory within 24 hours, then

shipped on ice to the USGS National Water Quality

Laboratory (NWQL; Denver, Colorado) for analyses

(Wershaw et al., 1987).

To assure the quality of organic-carbon data,

equipment blank samples were processed using

organic-free water and analyzed along with the field

samples. Duplicate samples were also collected, processed, and analyzed along with the primary environmental samples. Standard quality-control procedures

were followed at the USGS NWQL (Pirkey and Glodt,

1998).

Environmental Conditions

Hobo XT temperature loggers (Onset Instruments Corp., Pocasset, Massachusetts) were deployed

along with SPMDs at each site. The loggers recorded

ambient water temperature at 48-minute intervals during the entire deployment period. Duplicate temperature loggers were deployed at selected sites during each

deployment period. Water velocity at each site was

visually estimated at the beginning and end of each

period, and the degree of membrane fouling was estimated during processing in the laboratory. These conditions are summarized in tables 2 and 3.

Streambed Sediment

Streambed sediment samples were collected following procedures described by Shelton and Capel

(1994). Samples were processed by wet sieving

through a 63-μm stainless steel sieve with native water.

The sediment samples were placed in 1-quart methanol-rinsed glass containers, and shipped on ice 

CERC for analyses.

At the CERC, sediment samples were air 

and homogenized, and sample aliquots for anal

(1) PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, (2) OC Pesticid

transformation products, and (3) PAHs were pre

with specific fractionation and enrichment proc

(Gale and Orazio, 1998). Analyses were perform

described in the earlier section on SPMDs. Qua

trol samples processed with sediment samples i

method replicates, procedural blanks, procedura

and positive-control matrix samples for each cl

analytes. Further details of the methods used ar

described by Gale and Orazio (1998).

ESTIMATION OF DISSOLVED

CONCENTRATIONS

Laboratory analyses of enriched SPMD di

provided a direct measure of the mass of analyt

mulated in the SPMD during the deployment pe

this section, we discuss the process by which w

concentrations were estimated from these SPM

Huckins et al. (1993) described the theor

process of mass transfer from water into SPMD

developed mathematical models for estimating d

concentrations from analytes accumulated in the 

lipid phase. Subsequent work has demonstrated 

entire SPMD (lipid plus membrane) is importan

pound uptake (Petty et al., 1994; Meadows et a

and the mathematical models of Huckins et al. 

have been expanded to account for this (Huckin

1999). We briefly summarize this theory below.

The theoretical relationship between the 

tration of compound i in water and in an SPMD 

plus membrane) is given by (Huckins et al., 199

where Ci,SPMD is the concentration of i in the S

(mass per volume of SPMD), Ci,WATER is the co

concentration of i dissolved in water (dissolved m

volume of water), Ki,SPMD is the SPMD-water p

coefficient (volume of water per volume of SPM

Ri

 is the SPMD sampling rate (volume of water 

which analytes are extracted per time) for i, t is 

duration of the SPMD exposure (time), and VSPM

total volume of the SPMD, (membrane plus lip

mL for the standard configuration used in this s

Ci SPMD , Ci WATER , Ki SPMD , 1 e

Ri – ⋅ t

Ki SPMD , VSP⋅ ----------------------------------

= ⋅ ⋅ –
11

graphical representation of this relationship over time

(fig. 3) shows that the accumulation of a compound by

an SPMD goes through an early linear phase and

gradually approaches an equilibrium concentration.

The time when one-half of the equilibrium

concentration is reached is given by:

(2)

For standardized SPMDs, such as those used in this

study, the duration of the linear uptake phase,

approximately t0.5, and the time required to approach

equilibrium vary with the magnitudes of Ki,SPMD and

Ri

. For compounds with a sufficiently large t0.5, the

duration of the linear uptake phase is longer than our

5-week SPMD deployments. Water concentrations for

these compounds, time-averaged over the duration of

the deployment, can be estimated by a linear

approximation of equation 1:

(3)

 For compounds with a sufficiently small t0.5, our

5-week deployment period was adequate for SPMDs to

approach equilibrium with the water. An equilibrium

approximation of equation 1 can be used to estimate

time-averaged water concentrations for these

compounds:

(4)

Although equations 1, 3, and 4 appear to provide

straightforward methods for calculating time-averaged

water concentrations from concentrations measured in

SPMDs, accurate values for Ki,SPMD and Ri are not

generally available. For a number of compounds, parti, 0.5

–ln( ) 0.5 ⋅ Ki SPMD , ⋅ VSPMD

Ri

= -----------------------------------------------------------

Ci WATER ,

Ci SPMD , ⋅ VSPMD

Ri ⋅ t = ----------------------------------

Ci WATER ,

Ci SPMD ,

Ki SPMD ,

= ----------------

Equilibrium Concentration

Approximately

Time

Concentration in SPMD

 0

1.0

0.5

t

0.5

Linear Phase

Figure 3. Theoretical accumulation of a dissolved

ompound from water into a SPMD.

tition coefficients and sampling rates have been 

sured under controlled laboratory or specific fie

conditions, but data available show that Ri

 value

depending on conditions such as water tempera

water velocity, and membrane fouling (Huckins 

1997; Huckins et al., 1999). Unfortunately, the 

of these dependencies are not completely charac

We have therefore taken a conservative approac

adjusting Ri

 values to account for our specific fi

ditions. As a result, in the following sections we 

only approximations of the exposure-period ave

solved concentrations of OC and PAH compoun

Although we are not able to quantify the uncert

these concentrations, we estimate their absolute 

be less than an order of magnitude, and are som

more confident in the validity of site-to-site diff

Subtle patterns in the data may therefore not be 

tic, but we discuss the most distinct patterns in l

tions. (It is important to note that since the impl

tation of this study, a technique using permeabil

ence compounds to provide more accurate estim

field Ri values and thus increase the accuracy of 

concentration estimates from SPMD data has b

described by Huckins et al. (1997) and Huckins 

(1999).)

ESTIMATION OF TOTAL

CONCENTRATIONS

In addition to the dissolved mass discusse

previous section, the total concentration of a hy

bic compound in water includes the mass associa

suspended sediment and dissolved organic mac

cules. Assuming that partitioning to the organic 

suspended sediment is the primary process of s

sorption (Chiou et al., 1983), the total concentr

compound i in water can be approximated as:

where Ci,TOTAL is the total concentration of co

i in the water (dissolved plus sorbed mass per vo

water), Ki,oc is the organic-carbon partition coe

for i in water (volume of water per mass of orga

carbon), SOC is the concentration of suspended 

carbon in the water (milligrams per liter of wate

DOC is the concentration of dissolved organic c

the water (milligrams per liter of water).

Ci TOTAL , Ci WATER , 1 Ki OC ,

( SOC DOC +

106 = ⋅ + ⋅ ------------------------------
12

Estimates of the exposure-period average total

concentrations of selected compounds were calculated

using equation 5 and are presented in the following

sections. Similar to estimates of dissolved concentrations, we consider estimates of total concentration to

be accurate to within approximately an order of magnitude, but are somewhat more confident in the validity

of site-to-site differences.

DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE

AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC

HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS

The distribution of OC and PAH compounds

measured in the Columbia River Basin during the summer and fall of 1997 are presented and discussed in the

following sections. Data from the 1998 winter and

spring study period are not discussed in the following

sections, but are presented in Appendixes E-J and discussed briefly in the Summary section. (It should be

noted that because data were collected only once during low-flow conditions and once during high-flow

conditions, we do not have a measure of the variability

within either flow regime; therefore, differences in

concentrations measured during these two deployment

periods cannot necessarily be attributed to the difference in flow regimes.)

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and

Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans

PCDDs and PCDFs are produced naturally during events such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires

and as byproducts of anthropogenic processes such as

waste incineration, production and use of certain wood

preservatives, kraft pulp bleaching, and chlorination of

sewage effluent. PCDDs and PCDFs can also result

from the breakdown or incineration of other OC compounds. (See Appendix A for illustrations and definitions of the various PCDD and PCDF congeners.)

The most commonly detected PCDDs and

PCDFs in the Columbia River Basin during the 1997

sampling period were some of the tetrachloro- and heptachloro-substituted congeners, excluding the highly

toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PCDD

concentrations measured in SPMDs (table 4) indicate

that levels were relatively low in the Columbia River

main stem at the Hayden Island site (in the Portland-Vancouver vicinity), and all sites above the urban

area. In the lower main stem, levels were highe

SPMDs from the Columbia City site, just downs

the urban area, and somewhat lower in SPMDs 

more downstream sites. PCDFs showed a simil

bution, though levels were somewhat elevated a

Warrendale and Vernita sites relative to other si

At tributary sites (table 4), PCDD concen

measured in SPMDs deployed in the Yakima R

in the vicinity of the Portland-Vancouver urban a

the Willamette River and Johnson Creek—were 

relative to other tributaries. PCDFs showed a sim

tern, except in Johnson Creek, where levels of t

rodibenzofurans were considerably higher than 

sites.

Some PCDDs and PCDFs can be inadver

generated during the production of certain OC p

cides; this may be the source of these compoun

Yakima River Basin, which has been in agricult

for several decades. While potential urban and in

sources of these compounds exist at many locat

along the Columbia River main stem below the 

dale site, our data suggest that the most importa

sources are located in the Willamette River Basin 

Portland-Vancouver reach of the Columbia Riv

stem, downstream of the Hayden Island site.

The more highly chlorinated, hydrophobi

and PCDF congeners were detected in streambe

ment—the hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorinated co

The site-to-site pattern of these compounds mea

sediment from the Beaver Army Terminal, Will

River, and Warrendale sites (table 5) was consist

the pattern suggested by SPMD data—concentr

were highest in Willamette River sediment and l

the Warrendale site, upstream of the urban area

Estimated dissolved and total concentr

in river water.—Estimates of the dissolved con

trations of PCDDs and PCDFs (table 6) indicat

these compounds were generally present in the d

phase at femtogram (10-15 gram) or picogram (

gram) per liter (fg/L or pg/L) levels. Estimates 

solved concentrations show site-to-site patterns 

to SPMD concentrations (figs. 4 and 5). Howev

solved concentration estimates of the most hydr

congeners (e.g., hepta- and octachlorinated con

were markedly higher than for the tetra- and pe

rinated congeners. This is particularly evident in 

for the Johnson Creek and Yakima River sites—

sites where octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was det

SPMDs.
13

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R Johnson Creek

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean

Main stem

Tributary

EXPLANATION

Site sampled; analytes e

not detected or not quan

Figure 4. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins during low-flow condit

the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of congener-class total concentr

reported in table 6.)

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean

Johnson Creek

Main stem

Tributary

EXPLANATION

Site sampled; analytes e

not detected or not quan

Figure 5. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions i

theColumbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of congener-class total concentratio

reported in table 6.)

As indicated by their organic-carbon partition

coefficient (Koc) values (table 7), PCDDs and PCDFs

are highly hydrophobic compounds. Their tendency to

sorb to sediment and dissolved organic material

increases with their degree of chlorination. As a result,

most of the mass of these compounds in water is sorbed

to organic matter rather than dissolved. This phenomenon is clearly revealed by estimates of total concentrations (table 7), which are considerably higher than

estimates of dissolved concentrations (table 6). Total

concentrations of PCDDs in Johnson Creek and the

Yakima River were particularly high due to the 

dance of the heptachloro- and octachloro-substi

congeners at these sites.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

PCBs were once widely used for a variety 

industrial purposes such as heat-resistant oils in 

cal transformers and capacitors, natural-gas trans

turbines, and other heat-transfer systems, as we
14

Table 4. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in th[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributais relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Total Tetra 16. 30. 32. 25. [25] 65. NQ 74. 45. [49

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Total Penta ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND NQ ND [—

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND NQ [—

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND NQ ND [—] NQ ND NQ NQ [—

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND NQ ND [—

Total Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND NQ [—

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 5.8 7.1 6.6 6.5 [2] 14. 6.5 14. 14. [<1

Total Hepta 12. 14. 14. 13. [7] 30. 15. 29. 30. [3

Octa ND NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ 60. [—

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 8. 1 14. 18. 14. [25] 24. NQ 22. 19. [15

Total Tetra 38. 69. 91. 72. [23] 130. 23. 110. 76. [37

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND 4.4 NQ [—

2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND NQ NQ [—

Total Penta 8. 4 10. 12. 10. [18] 22. NQ 30. 22. [31

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND NQ NQ [—

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND NQ [—

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Total Hexa ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND NQ NQ [—

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND ND NQ [—1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Total Hepta NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 8. 1 NQ 7.8 6.9 [12

Octa ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—
15

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for infor

Table 4. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in 

1997—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tribuets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake

Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

Total Tetra 12. NQ ND 110. 95. [15] 16. ND NQ ND 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Total Penta ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND NQ ND [—] ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

 Total Hexa ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 5.3 NQ NQ 23. 25. [8] NQ NQ NQ NQ 

Total Hepta NQ NQ NQ 42. 45. [7] NQ NQ NQ NQ 

Octa NQ ND ND 63. 63. [<1] ND ND ND NQ 

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 15. 5.3 ND 7.1 NQ [—] 11. ND NQ ND 

Total Tetra 57. 23. 13. 65. 63. [3] 53. NQ 24. 8

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

Total Penta 8.1 NQ NQ 26. 20. [26] NQ NQ NQ ND 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Total Hexa ND ND ND ND NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Total Hepta NQ NQ ND 8.2 7.8 [5] NQ ND NQ ND 

Octa ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND NQ ND 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
16

Table 5. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in streambed sediment co

during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in p

(10-12 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; 

detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND

Total Tetra NQ NQ ND

1,2,3,7,8-Penta NQ NQ ND

Total Penta NQ 1.9 ND

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NQ 0.9 ND

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 2.1 4.4 NQ

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 1.6 2.7 0.5

Total Hexa 14. 26. 3.9

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 32. 86. 8.5

Total Hepta 65. 130. 23.

Octa 370. 990. 110.

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND

Total Tetra ND ND ND

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND NQ ND

2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND NQ ND

Total Penta ND NQ ND

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NQ 17. ND

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 0.6 3.9 NQ

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND

2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NQ 1.2 NQ

Total Hexa 6.6 23. NQ

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NQ 19. ND

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 0.6 3.2 ND

Total Hepta NQ 45. ND

Octa ND NQ ND

hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and pesticide extenders.

Although no longer manufactured in the United States,

PCBs are very stable and persist in the environment.

(See Appendix A for general chemical structures of the

various PCB congeners.)

 Overall SPMD concentrations of ortho-substituted PCBs measured during the 1997 low-flow study

period (table 8) were highest in SPMDs deployed at

tributary sites—Johnson Creek and the Willamette

River, both in the Portland-Vancouver urban area, and

the Wenatchee River, in the upper basin. Elliott et al.

(in press) also found elevated levels of PCBs in t

of mink and river otter from the Columbia main 

the vicinity of the Wenatchee River. Concentrat

most ortho-substituted PCBs in streambed sedi

were also elevated at the Willamette River site re

the other two sites sampled (table 9). In the Col

River main stem, differences in ortho-substitute

concentrations were small relative to uncertainty

data suggest some patterns. Concentrations wer

what elevated in SPMDs from the Warrendale a

nita sites, but in both cases were lower in SPMD
17

Table 6. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow con

Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated using equation (3) and afemtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling rates used in calculations 

columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87c)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ———— — — ———— — — 

Total Tetra 100 200 200 500 — 600 80 — 90 — 800 100 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ———— — — ———— — — 

Total Penta ———— — — ———— — — 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ———— — — 200 — — — — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 

Total Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 200 200 200 500 200 500 1,000 — 200 — 800 — 

Total Hepta 400 500 500 1,000 500 1,000 2,000 — — — 1,000 — 

Octa ———— — — 8,000 — — — 6,000 — 

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 40 70 90 100 — 100 200 — 80 30 40 60 

Total Tetra 200 400 500 700 100 600 4,000 40 300 100 300 300 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ———— — 30 ———— — — 

2,3,4,7,8-Penta ———— — — 40 — — — — — 

Total Penta 50 60 80 100 — 200 400 — 50 — 200 — 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ———— — — ———— — — 

Total Hexa — — — — — ———— — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ———— — — ———— — — 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ———— — — ———— — — 

Total Hepta — — — 80 — 80 100 — — — 80 — 

Octa ———— — — ———— — — 
18

Table 7. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow condition1997[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in femtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculati

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Johns

(

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Total Tetra 6.4 900 86% 2,000 86% 2,000 86% 3,000 86% — — 3,000 83% 50

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Total Penta 6.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — 10,001,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.6d —— —— —— —— — — — — — 

Total Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6d 20,000 99% 20,000 99% 20,000 99% 50,000 99% 30,000 99% 40,000 99% 80,00

Total Hepta 7.6 40,000 99% 50,000 99% 50,000 99% 100,000 99% 60,000 99% 80,000 99% 100,00

Octa 7.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,000,00

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.7 90 55% 200 55% 200 54% 300 54% — — 200 49% 40

Total Tetra 5.7 400 55% 800 55% 1,000 54% 1,000 54% 300 62% 1,000 49% 7,00

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — — — — — 90 71% — 2,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 10

Total Penta 6.1 200 76% 300 75% 300 75% 600 75% — — 600 71% 1,00

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Total Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Total Hepta 6.8 — — — — — — 1,000 93% — — 900 91% 1,00

Octa 7.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
19

aKoc values were estimated using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981); except where noted otherwise, Kow values were taken from Gale et al. (1997); K

estimated from the average Kow values of the individual congeners quantified.

bValue from high-flow deployment period.cApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 4.dKow values from Mackay et al. (1992) (value for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro congener was used to approximate value for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro congener).

Table 7. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow condition1997—Continued[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in femtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculati

Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

Nor

(7

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 1

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Total Tetra 6.4 400 80% — — 7,000 88% 800 85% — — — — 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.9 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Total Penta 6.9 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.6d —— —— — — —— — — — — 

Total Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6d 10,000 98% — — 90,000 99% — — — — — — 

Total Hepta 7.6 — — — — 200,000 99% — — — — — — 

Octa 7.8 — — — — 1,000,000 99% — — — — — — 

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.7 100 44% 50 51% 90 58% 100 53% — — — — 

Total Tetra 5.7 500 44% 200 51% 800 58% 600 53% — — 200 39% 8

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

2,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Total Penta 6.1 100 66% — — 700 78% — — — — — — 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Total Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.0 — — — — — — —— — — — — 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Total Hepta 6.8 — — — — 1,000 94% — — — — — — 

Octa 7.2 — — — — — — —— — — — — 
20

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

4 & 10 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

7 & 9 ND ND ND ND [—] ND NQ ND ND [—

6 ND ND ND NQ [—] ND 0.43 1.2 1.9 [45

5 & 8 ND ND ND NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—

19 ND 0.96 0.82 1.4 [52] 1.8 1.9 5.1 3.1 [4918 2.0 3.8 3.4 3.9 [14] 4.9 6.6 9.8 6. [48

17 & 15 1.7 2.8 3.2 3.2 [<1] 3.5 5. 6.9 5. [3224 & 27 0.35 0.56 0.84 0.86 [2] 0.73 1.5 1.3 0.9 [36

16 & 32 1.3 2.4 3.1 3.5 [12] 3.5 6. 7.1 4.5 [45

29 ND ND ND ND [—] ND 0.85 0.49 ND [—26 0.86 1.3 1.5 1.7 [13] 1.4 2.9 2.8 1.7 [4925 NQ ND NQ 1.1 [—] NQ 2.1 NQ NQ [—

31 NQ 2.2 2.7 3.3 [20] 3.4 4.9 6. 3.7 [47

28 2.4 4.7 5.6 6.1 [9] 7.2 8. 12. 7.6 [45

20 & 33 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 1.5 2. NQ [—

53 1.1 0.95 2. 2.6 [26] 2.9 3.1 7.3 3.8 [6351 0.76 0.5 1.1 1. [10] 1.3 1.3 4.5 3.4 [28

22 0.77 0.87 1.6 1.3 [21] 1.1 2. 2. 1.8 [11

45 ND 1.3 1.8 1.9 [5] 2.7 2.6 4.9 3.1 [4546 ND 0.86 0.95 0.71 [29] 1.2 1.2 2.7 2.3 [16

52 5.6 10. 13. 15. [14] 19. 20. 36. 22. [48

43 ND 0.5 ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

49 4.0 7.1 10. 11. [10] 13. 17. 25. 16. [4447 2.6 5.3 7.0 6.7 [4] 8.4 11. 15. 11. [31

48 0.88 1.6 1.9 2.4 [23] 4.1 3.6 8.3 4.9 [5244 2.8 5.6 6.8 7.8 [14] 11. 9.7 22. 12. [59

42 1.8 4.0 5.2 5.3 [2] 6.5 6.9 14. 9.4 [39

41 1.2 2.5 4.3 4.5 [5] 5.1 8.4 9.7 6.6 [3864 1.6 3.0 4.0 4.6 [14] 6. 5.6 10. 5.6 [56

40 0.76 1.2 2.3 2.0 [14] 2.8 2.1 5.1 3.5 [37

67 0.24 0.43 0.55 0.62 [12] 0.75 ND 1.4 0.99 [3463 0.33 0.54 0.67 0.46 [37] 0.46 0.66 0.73 1.3 [56

74 1.4 3.1 4.0 4.1 [2] 4.9 5.2 8.1 6.6 [20

70 & 76 2.6 5.2 6.6 7.2 [9] 9.5 9. 15. 10. [40

66 3.2 6.6 8.9 8.6 [3] 10. 11. 18. 13. [3295 3.4 5.7 6.7 7.7 [14] 13. 7.3 21. 13. [47
21

91 0.75 1.4 2.0 2.7 [30] 3.8 2.6 6. 4.3 [33

056 & 60 0.96 1.9 2.6 2.9 [11] 3.3 4.2 5.9 4. [38

92 0.73 1.8 1.2 1.4 [15] 2.8 0.89 4. 2.7 [39

84 2.2 1.7 5.2 5.4 [4] 8.1 4.7 13. 7.3 [56

101 3.3 6.0 7.4 7.6 [3] 13. 9.3 22. 14. [44

99 1.8 3.5 4.1 4.0 [2] 5.3 4.6 9.3 8.1 [14

119 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND NQ ND [—

83 0.23 0.46 0.57 0.87 [42] 1.2 0.68 1.6 0.92 [54

97 1.0 1.9 2.4 2.0 [18] 4. 3.6 6.8 5.2 [27

87 1.1 2.0 2.8 2.8 [<1] 5.2 2.4 7.1 5.3 [29

136 0.77 0.91 1.8 1.3 [32] 2.3 0.63 1.3 0.7 [60

110 2.2 3.9 5.3 5.4 [2] 9.5 3.7 13. 9.2 [34

82 NQ 0.35 0.57 2.5 [126] 2.9 1.2 2.5 1.5 [50

151 0.58 0.89 1.2 1.2 [<1] 2.7 0.61 3.9 2.5 [44

135 & 144 & 124 NQ NQ 0.81 1.5 [60] 2.3 0.48 2.8 1.9 [38

147 NQ 0.15 0.18 1.2 [148] 1.4 0.6 0.54 0.44 [20

107 NQ 0.17 0.22 0.27 [20] 0.74 0.22 1.4 0.63 [76

123 & 149 1.4 2.2 3. 2.9 [3] 6.5 1.6 8.8 6.5 [30

118 NQ 1.8 2.7 3.6 [29] 6.3 2.4 7.7 5.5 [33134 NQ NQ 0.15 NQ [—] 0.11 ND 0.13 0.65 [133

114 ND ND NQ ND [—] ND ND ND 0.48 [—

131 & 122 ND NQ ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

146 0.33 0.2 0.48 0.49 [2] 1.1 0.25 1.6 1.4 [13

153 ND ND ND NQ [—] NQ ND NQ NQ [—

132 1.5 2.1 4.4 1.9 [79] 5.9 1.6 7.4 7.7 [4105 NQ NQ 1.1 2.6 [81] 2.6 1.3 2.7 1.2 [77141 NQ NQ 0.48 0.54 [12] 1.2 NQ 1.7 1.2 [34

179 NQ NQ 0.28 0.68 [83] 1. NQ 1.2 0.78 [42137 NQ NQ NQ ND [—] NQ ND 0.4 0.23 [54176 NQ NQ 0.11 ND [—] ND ND ND 0.22 [—

130 ND ND NQ ND [—] ND ND NQ NQ [—

138 ND NQ NQ 5.8 [—] 10. NQ 7.2 NQ [—

158 0.13 NQ 0.27 NQ [—] 0.26 0.22 0.96 0.36 [91

129 NQ NQ 0.15 ND [—] 0.19 ND 0.27 0.23 [16178 NQ NQ NQ ND [—] 0.3 NQ 0.3 0.24 [22

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD
22

182 & 187 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND NQ ND [—

183 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.16 [44] 0.61 NQ 0.72 ND [—128 0.26 0.36 0.18 0.49 [93] 0.95 0.26 1.1 0.79 [33167 NQ 0.39 0.43 0.65 [41] 0.66 0.26 0.72 0.34 [72

185 ND NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ ND 0.15 0.11 [31174 0.22 0.3 0.37 0.43 [15] 1.1 NQ 1.5 0.96 [44

177 0.22 0.3 0.47 0.24 [65] 0.6 NQ 0.78 0.47 [50

171 & 202 ND NQ 0.32 0.69 [73] 1.1 NQ 1.4 0.6 [80

156 NQ 0.25 0.32 0.24 [29] 0.48 NQ 0.44 1.1 [86173 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

201 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—157 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—172 ND ND ND ND [—] 0.19 ND 0.13 ND [—

197 ND ND ND ND [—] ND 0.7 ND ND [—

180 NQ NQ ND NQ [—] NQ ND 1.4 0.83 [51

193 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

191 ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND 0.57 ND [—

200 ND ND NQ 0.15 [—] NQ ND 0.14 ND [—

170 & 190 ND ND NQ ND [—] 0.29 ND 1.1 0.39 [95

198 ND ND ND ND [—] ND 0.16 ND ND [—

199 NQ NQ 0.11 NQ [—] 0.24 0.12 0.34 0.25 [31

196 & 203 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.24 NQ 0.31 0.24 [25

189 ND 0.13 ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

208 & 195 ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND ND NQ [—

207 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

194 ND ND ND ND [—] 0.13 ND 0.15 ND [—

205 ND ND ND ND [—] 0.11 ND ND ND [—206 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

209 ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 63. 120. 160. 190. [17] 260. 220. 440. 290. [41

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD
23

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

4 & 10 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

7 & 9 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

6 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

5 & 8 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND 7.1 ND 

19 ND NQ ND ND ND [—] ND ND 1.3 ND 18 3. NQ ND ND NQ [—] 3.6 5. 56. ND 

17 & 15 1.7 0.59 NQ 0.78 0.88 [12] 2.4 ND 30. NQ 24 & 27 0.17 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.26 ND 4.5 ND 

16 & 32 2. NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 1.3 ND 38. ND 

29 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND 1.9 0

26 0.85 0.28 0.12 0.29 0.15 [64] 1. 0.11 12. NQ 

25 NQ ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND 6.7 ND 

31 3.1 NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 3.2 ND 35. ND 

28 5.2 1.8 ND NQ NQ [—] 7.5 ND 56. ND 

20 & 33 2.8 NQ ND NQ ND [—] 2.1 ND 45. ND 

53 NQ ND ND ND ND [—] 1.1 ND 7.2 ND 

51 0.18 ND NQ ND ND [—] 0.18 ND 2.4 NQ 22 1.9 0.54 NQ 0.62 0.55 [12] 2.2 ND 25. NQ 

45 1.3 0.38 ND ND ND [—] 1.5 NQ 8.5 NQ 

46 0.28 0.18 ND ND ND [—] 3.1 ND 4.4 ND 52 11. 3.3 NQ 4.3 4.6 [7] 14. ND 42. ND 

43 ND ND ND NQ ND [—] NQ ND 2.6 ND 

49 6. 1.8 NQ 1.3 1.3 [<1] 8.2 ND 35. ND 

47 3.6 1.1 0.69 1.6 1.7 [6] 4.5 NQ 16. NQ 48 2.9 0.79 0.55 1.3 0.73 [56] 3.4 NQ 19. NQ 44 5.9 NQ NQ 2.3 NQ [—] 11. ND 34. ND 42 1.6 0.79 0.77 1.4 NQ [—] 7.7 NQ 28. ND 41 2.3 0.65 NQ 0.6 NQ [—] 2. NQ 17. NQ 64 3.2 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 4.2 ND 18. ND 40 1.6 0.58 0.39 0.86 1.4 [48] 1.3 0.16 9. ND 

67 2.7 0.26 0.98 1.9 ND [—] 0.8 ND 2.5 ND 

63 1. 0.61 NQ 0.26 0.11 [81] 1.1 ND 2.3 ND 74 2.3 0.77 0.41 0.9 NQ [—] 6.8 ND 20. NQ 

70 & 76 6.1 1.9 NQ 2.5 2.7 [8] 9.7 NQ 35. NQ 
24

66 5.3 1.6 NQ NQ NQ [—] 12. NQ 47. ND 

95 6.4 2.4 2. 3.4 3.5 [3] 8.2 NQ 10. NQ 91 ND 0.63 0.68 1. 0.83 [19] 0.4 ND 3.2 NQ 

56 & 60 2. 0.55 0.44 0.55 0.74 [29] 3.5 ND 18. NQ 

92 0.77 0.63 0.72 2.4 1.9 [23] 5. ND 2. 0

84 8.2 2.9 2.7 14. 17. [19] 18. ND 9. NQ 

101 7.7 2.3 2.4 4.2 6.7 [46] 12. ND 13. NQ 

99 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.3 3. [26] 1.2 2. 3.6 0

119 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

83 0.55 ND NQ 0.18 ND [—] 1. ND 0.96 NQ 

97 2.5 0.67 0.54 0.94 0.13 [151] 5.4 NQ 5.9 0

87 2.4 0.73 NQ 0.78 1.1 [34] 2. ND 3.7 NQ 

136 0.69 0.92 0.38 ND 3.2 [—] 1.6 ND NQ 0

110 3.7 1.3 1.3 3. 2.7 [11] 3.1 ND 5.1 NQ 

82 2.8 ND ND ND ND [—] 0.47 ND 1.6 ND 

151 0.97 NQ NQ 1.9 1.9 [<1] 0.59 ND NQ ND 

135 & 144 & 124 1.7 0.8 ND 0.73 0.47 [43] NQ ND NQ ND 

147 1.7 NQ ND 6. 6.7 [11] 0.42 NQ 0.18 ND 

107 0.3 ND NQ 0.33 0.21 [44] 0.21 NQ 0.35 ND 

123 & 149 2.5 0.92 0.94 4.2 4. [5] 1.6 ND 1. NQ 

118 3.4 NQ NQ 2.3 ND [—] 2.2 ND 3.4 ND 

134 ND ND ND ND ND [—] 0.32 ND 0.11 0

114 ND ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND ND NQ 

131 & 122 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND NQ 

146 0.39 NQ 0.21 1.2 1.2 [<1] 0.24 NQ NQ NQ 

153 NQ ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

132 2.2 0.89 1.9 4.6 9.3 [68] 2.2 ND 4.9 1

105 2. NQ NQ 3.7 3. [21] NQ ND 1.1 ND 141 NQ NQ ND 0.83 0.79 [5] NQ ND NQ ND 

179 0.93 0.36 NQ 0.9 0.59 [42] NQ ND ND NQ 

137 ND NQ NQ 0.34 NQ [—] NQ ND NQ ND 

176 ND ND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND ND NQ 

130 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 138 NQ ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 158 0.21 NQ 0.27 2.9 3.7 [24] 0.26 NQ 0.15 NQ 

129 ND NQ NQ 0.1 ND [—] NQ ND ND ND 

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 
25

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for inform

178 ND NQ NQ 0.43 0.64 [39] NQ ND ND ND 

182 & 187 ND ND ND NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 

183 0.13 NQ 0.11 0.84 0.97 [14] ND ND ND NQ 128 0.36 NQ 0.18 0.66 0.68 [3] ND ND 0.35 NQ 

167 0.39 0.24 0.34 0.32 0.85 [91] 0.33 NQ NQ ND 

185 NQ ND ND 0.33 0.43 [26] ND ND ND ND 

174 0.32 0.26 NQ 1. 0.84 [17] 0.23 ND NQ NQ 

177 0.21 NQ NQ 0.66 0.63 [5] NQ ND NQ ND 

171 & 202 0.52 NQ ND 0.52 0.64 [21] NQ ND NQ ND 

156 0.24 NQ NQ NQ 0.36 [—] 0.21 ND NQ NQ 173 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

201 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 157 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 172 ND ND ND 0.27 0.3 [11] ND ND ND ND 197 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 180 0.66 ND ND 0.71 0.63 [12] ND ND ND ND 193 ND ND ND ND NQ [—] ND ND ND ND 191 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 200 ND ND NQ 0.47 0.52 [10] ND ND ND ND 

170 & 190 ND ND ND 0.49 0.48 [2] ND ND ND ND 

198 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 199 NQ NQ NQ 0.3 0.32 [6] NQ ND NQ NQ 

196 & 203 NQ NQ ND 0.19 0.22 [15] NQ ND ND ND 

189 ND ND ND NQ ND [—] NQ ND ND ND 

208 & 195 ND ND ND 0.12 0.13 [8] ND ND ND ND 

207 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 194 ND NQ ND 0.17 0.16 [6] ND ND ND ND 205 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 206 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 209 ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 140. 36. 20. 91. 98. [7] 190. 7.3 750. 

Table 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPM

eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all information required for calculation icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of conge

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
26

Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow condition

Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanogr

grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not det

detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

4 & 10 0.23 0.32 NQ

7 & 9 NQ ND ND

6 NQ ND NQ

5 & 8 ND ND NQ

19 0.08 0.1 0.17

18 NQ ND ND

17 & 15 ND ND ND

24 & 27 NQ 0.8 ND

16 & 32 NQ ND ND

29 ND 0.11 ND

26 ND ND ND

25 ND NQ ND

31 0.3 NQ NQ

28 NQ NQ ND

20 & 33 NQ NQ NQ

53 NQ NQ ND

51 0.09 0.34 ND

22 0.17 0.21 NQ

45 0.18 0.11 ND

46 0.09 0.11 ND

52 NQ NQ ND

43 0.08 0.46 0.06

49 0.83 0.45 0.13

47 NQ ND ND

48 0.34 0.33 NQ

44 0.82 NQ ND

42 NQ ND ND

41 NQ NQ ND

64 0.35 NQ ND

40 0.3 NQ NQ

67 0.03 0.11 ND

63 0.09 0.69 NQ

74 0.48 ND ND

70 & 76 NQ ND ND

66 NQ NQ NQ

95 0.39 0.4 NQ

91 0.23 0.67 NQ

56 & 60 0.39 NQ NQ

92 NQ 0.32 NQ
27

84 NQ NQ NQ

101 NQ NQ NQ

99 NQ 2.4 NQ

119 NQ 0.11 0.06

83 0.06 0.34 0.02

97 NQ NQ NQ

87 NQ NQ NQ

136 NQ 0.31 NQ

110 NQ NQ NQ

82 0.16 NQ NQ

151 NQ 0.34 NQ

135 & 144 & 124 NQ 0.28 NQ

147 ND NQ ND

107 NQ NQ NQ

123 & 149 NQ NQ NQ

118 NQ NQ ND

134 NQ 0.14 NQ

114 0.06 0.35 0.05

131 & 122 0.12 1.1 NQ

146 NQ NQ ND

153 NQ NQ ND

132 NQ 0.84 NQ

105 NQ ND ND

141 NQ 0.23 ND

179 0.06 0.11 NQ

137 NQ NQ NQ

176 NQ 0.11 NQ

130 0.05 0.11 0.04

138 NQ NQ ND

158 NQ NQ ND

129 NQ 0.1 NQ

178 0.04 0.04 NQ

182 & 187 NQ NQ ND

183 NQ 0.23 ND

128 NQ NQ NQ

167 0.07 0.11 0.02

185 ND 0.11 ND

174 NQ 0.32 ND

177 0.15 0.22 NQ

Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow condition

Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanogr

grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not det

detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09
28

171 & 202 0.07 0.31 ND

156 0.05 0.08 NQ

173 ND 0.01 0.01

201 ND 0.02 0.04

157 ND 0.05 0.03

172 NQ NQ NQ

197 ND ND ND

180 NQ ND ND

193 ND ND ND

191 ND 0.11 NQ

200 ND NQ NQ

170 & 190 ND ND ND

198 ND ND ND

199 NQ 0.18 NQ

196 & 203 0.06 0.34 0.01

189 ND NQ 0.1

208 & 195 ND NQ 0.53

207 ND ND NQ

194 NQ 0.13 NQ

205 ND 0.03 0.05

206 ND ND ND

209 ND NQ ND

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 6.4 15. 1.3

Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditio

Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanog

grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not det

detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

the next downstream site (Hayden Island and Umatilla,

respectively). Within the main stem, concentrations

were highest in SPMDs from the Columbia City site,

just downstream of the Portland-Vancouver urban area,

but decreased in SPMDs from more downstream sites.

For most sites sampled, the tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls accounted for the majority of the

ortho-substituted PCB mass quantified in SPMDs

(table 8). However, SPMDs from Johnson Creek and

the Yakima River also were relatively abundant in

hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorobiphenyls, and those from

the Wenatchee River had relatively high concentrations

of trichlorobiphenyls.

In general, the site-to-site pattern of

non-ortho-substituted PCB concentrations in SPMDs

(table 10) was similar to that observed for ortho-substituted PCBs. However, elevated concentrations i

SPMDs from Johnson Creek were much less pr

nounced for non-ortho than for ortho-substitute

and SPMDs from the Wenatchee River site had 

erably elevated concentrations of congeners 37 

relative to other sites. In contrast to SPMDs, the 

sediment concentrations of non-ortho-substitute

(table 11) were from the Beaver Army Termina

Estimated dissolved and total concentra

river water.—PCBs were estimated to be prese

dissolved phase at femtogram- or picogram-per-

els (tables 12 and 13). The highest dissolved co

trations of PCBs were estimated for tributary sit

Portland-Vancouver urban area—Johnson Cree

lamette River and Lake River—and the Wenatch

site (figures 6 and 7). Within the main stem, pat
29

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informatio

Table 10. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; Rdifference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

 37 0.30 0.52 0.48 0.53 [10] 0.79 0.47 1.3 0.88 [39] 

 81 NQ NQ 0.015 0.013 [14] 0.018 NQ 0.027 0.021 [25]  77 0.12 0.23 0.33 0.29 [13] 0.44 0.24 0.67 0.53 [23] 126 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.017 NQ 0.021 0.017 [21] 169 ND ND NQ NQ [—] NQ ND ND ND [—] 

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake

Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD Du

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

 37 0.27 NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 0.61 ND 7.11 ND 

 81 NQ NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 0.009 ND 0.072 ND 

 77 0.11 0.036 0.022 0.083 0.077 [8] 0.22 NQ 1.53 0.016 

126 NQ ND ND NQ 0.016 [—] NQ ND NQ ND 

169 NQ ND ND NQ NQ [—] NQ ND ND ND 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

-------------------------------

⋅ 100
30

Table 11. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; N

detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of 

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

 37 0.030 0.008 NQ

 81 0.003 ND ND

 77 0.065 0.020 0.008

126 0.003 NQ ND

169 ND ND ND

dissolved concentration estimates were very similar to

those observed for SPMD concentrations.

Estimates of total (sorbed plus dissolved)

concentrations of PCBs (tables 14-15) varied considerably more among sites than estimates of dissolved

concentrations (tables 12-13). For a particular PCB

congener, equation 5 shows that such differences result

directly from differences in available organic carbon

among sites. However, considering the sum of PCB

congeners, site-to-site differences in total concentrations are governed largely by the Koc values of the

individual congeners that predominate at each site.

At most sites, considering the sums of individual

congeners, estimates of total PCB concentrations were

approximately 100 to 200 percent greater than dissolved concentration estimates. However, at the

Johnson Creek and Yakima River sites, because of the

predominance of the very hydrophobic hexa-, hepta-,

and octachloro congeners, the sums of total concentrations were 300 to 500 percent greater than the sums

of dissolved concentrations. In contrast, at the

Wenatchee River site, the sum of total concentrations

was only about 50 percent greater than the sum of dissolved concentrations. The relatively small proportion

of sorbed PCB mass at the Wenatchee River site was

due partly to the low concentrations of organic carbon

available compared to other sites, but a more important

factor was the predominance of trichlorobiphenyls,

which have relatively low Koc values.

Organochlorine Pesticides

In the United States, the use of many OC pesticides was either banned or severely restricted in the

1970s. However, because of their stability, thes

pounds are still frequently observed in the envir

During the 1997 low-flow deployment, p,

and p,p’-DDD—both metabolites of p,p’-DDT—

the predominant OC pesticide compounds detec

SPMDs (table 16). Overall, spatial patterns of O

cides deployed in the Columbia River main stem 

similar to patterns of PCBs. Moderate levels of 

ticides were measured in SPMDs from the Vern

rendale, Columbia City, and Longview sites, bu

were lower in SPMDs from intermediate sites a

from more downstream sites. Only very low leve

pesticides were measured in streambed sedimen

the three sites that were sampled (table 17).

The Yakima River drains land that has be

agricultural use for several decades, and concen

of OC pesticides in SPMDs from the Yakima R

were high compared to those from other sites. I

ular, the concentration of p,p’-DDE measured in 

from the Yakima site was considerably higher th

any other site measured. At other tributary sites

ate levels of OC pesticides were measured in SP

deployed in the urban area (Johnson Creek and 

Willamette River) and in the Snake and Wenatc

Rivers, both located in the agricultural area of E

Washington.

In contrast, OC pesticide levels measured 

SPMDs deployed in Lower Crab Creek were qu

Gruber and Munn (1996) analyzed streambed s

from the same site on Lower Crab Creek and det

OC pesticides. Although Lower Crab Creek dra

agricultural area, it is possible that historical us

class of pesticides was limited in this particular d

and residues have already been flushed from the 

However, our 1997 deployment period was late 
31

Table 12. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported for individually quantified congenegrams (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calcu

marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 

6 ———— 3 8 ——— — — — 

19 — 9 8 20 20 50 4—— — — — 

18 10 20 20 30 40 50 30 — 20 — — 20 

26 4 6 7 7 10 10 814 1 1 5 

25 — — — — 10 — ——— — — — 31 — 9 10 10 20 20 20 — 10 — — 10 

28 8 20 20 20 30 40 20 — 20 6 — 30 53 6 6 10 20 20 40 20 — — — — 6 

51 4 3 6 8 7 30 4 0.6 1 — — 1 22 4 4 8 5 10 10 10 — 9 2 3 10 

45 — 5 6 10 9 20 8— 5 1 — 5 

46 — 6 6 8 8 20 5— 2 1 — 20 52 30 50 60 90 90 200 500 10 50 10 20 60 

43 — 2 — — — — ——— — — — 

49 20 40 50 70 90 100 100 7 30 9 7 40 

47 10 20 30 30 40 60 20 3 10 4 6 20 

48 7 10 20 30 30 70 40 6 20 6 10 30 

44 10 20 30 40 40 80 200 — 20 — 9 40 42 8 20 20 30 30 60 30 3 7 3 6 40 41 6 10 20 20 40 40 30 3 10 3 3 9 

64 6 10 20 20 20 40 40 — 10 — — 20 40 3 5 10 10 9 20 20 — 7 2 4 6 67 1 2 3 4 — 8 8 0.6 10 1 10 4 63 2 3 4 2 3 4 335 3 1 6 74 6 10 20 20 20 40 30 2 10 3 4 30 66 20 40 50 50 60 100 80 — 30 8 — 60 

95 20 30 30 60 30 100 300 7 30 10 20 40 

91 5 9 10 20 20 40 90 3 — 4 6 3 
32

92 4 10 6 20 5 20 80 2 4 3 10 30 

84 10 10 30 50 30 80 200 9 50 20 90 100 

101 20 30 30 60 40 100 300 8 30 10 20 60 

99 10 20 30 30 30 60 100 5 8 7 10 8 

119 — — — — — — ——— — — — 

83 1 3 3 7 4 9 30 — 3 — 1 6 

97 6 10 20 30 20 40 100 3 20 4 6 30 

87 6 10 20 30 10 40 100 — 10 4 4 10 

136 4 5 10 10 3 7 20 1 4 5 — 9 

110 10 20 30 50 20 60 200 — 20 6 10 20 

82 — 2 4 20 8 20 50 3 20 — — 3 

151 3 5 6 10 3 20 70 — 5 — 10 3 

107 — 0.9 1 4 1 8 20 — 2 — 2 1 

118 — 10 20 40 10 50 100 — 20 — 10 10 

134 — — 0.9 0.6 — 0.8 20 — — — — 2 

114 — — — — — — ——— — — — 

146 2 1 3 6 1 9 30 0.7 2 — 7 1 153 — — — — — — 100 — — — — — 105 — — 8 20 9 20 70 — 10 — 30 — 

141 — — 3 7 — 10 50 — — — 5 — 

179 — — 4 10 — 20 70 — 10 4 10 — 137 — — — — — 3 10 — — — 3 — 176 — — 1 — — — ——— — — — 130 — — — — — — 10 — — — — — 138 — — — 60 — 40 200 — — — — — 158 1 — 2 2 2 8 40 — 2 — 20 2 

129 — — 1 2 — 2 10 — — — 0.8 — 

178 — — — 3 — 3 20 — — — 4 — 183 1 1 2 6 — 7 50 — 1 — 8 — 

Table 12. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported for individually quantified congenegrams (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calcu

marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 
33

128 2 2 1 6 2 7 30 — 2 — 4 — 

174 2 3 3 10 — 10 80 — 3 2 9 2 

177 2 3 4 6 — 7 50 — 2 — 6 — 156 — 3 3 5 — 5 20 — 3 — — 2 201 — — — — — — 10 — — — — — 157 — — — — — — 5—— — — — 172 — — — 4 — 3 20 — — — 6 — 180 — — — — — 20 70 — 7 — 8 — 199 — — 2 4 2 5 30 — — — 5 — 207 — — — — — — ——— — — — 194 — — — 3 — 3 30 — — — 4 — 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted

PCBs 300 500 700 1,000 900 2,000 4,000 80 600 100 400 800 

Table 13. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Colu[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated using equation (3) anin picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling rates used in calculation

columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendicongeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 

 37 1 2 2 4 2 6 4— 1 — — 3 

 81 — — 0.09 0.1 — 0.2 0.1 — — — — 0.05 

 77 0.7 1 2 3 1 4 4 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.5 1 

126 — — — 0.1 — 0.2 0.7 — — — — — 

169 — — — — — — 0.05 — — — — — 

Table 12. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported for individually quantified congenegrams (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calcu

marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 
34

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Main stem

Tributary

EXPLANATION

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean

Johnson Creek

Figure 6. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentrations

reported in table 12; note that symbols in figures 6 and 7 are not based on the same concentration scale.)

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean

Johnson Creek Main stem

Tributary

EXPLANATION

Site sampled; analytes e

not detected or not quan

Figure 7. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during 

flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentrat

reported in table 13; note that symbols in figures 6 and 7 are not based on the same concentration scale.)

irrigation season and it is possible that higher levels of

OC pesticides are carried into the stream during periods of more intense irrigation.

Estimated dissolved and total concentrations

in river water.—Estimates of the dissolved concentrations of OC pesticides were generally at picogram-per-liter levels (table 18). The spatial pattern of

dissolved concentrations of OC pesticides was generally similar to the pattern of SPMD concentrations

(fig. 8), but the wide range of KSPMD values for these

compounds resulted in some important differences. For

example, due to its high KSPMD value, the elevated concentration of p,p’-DDE measured in SPMDs from the

Yakima River was less pronounced in the dissolved

concentration estimate. In contrast, the low KSPMD

value for Lindane resulted in relatively high dissolved

concentration estimates for this compound, whi

particularly apparent at the Warrendale site.

The Koc values for the OC pesticides (tab

cover a wide range. Considering the overall sum 

OC pesticides, this resulted in considerable site

variation in estimates of total (sorbed plus disso

concentration, depending on which compounds 

dominated at each site. For most compounds, to

concentration estimates exceeded dissolved con

tion estimates by approximately 50 to 150 perc

However, for compounds with the highest Koc v

such as p,p’-DDE and o,p’-DDT, differences be

estimates of total and dissolved concentrations 

greater. This effect was particularly pronounced 

Yakima River site where high concentrations of 
35

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnso

(—

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1

6 4.7 — — — — — — — — 3 13% 8 8% — 

19 4.6 — — 10 9% 8 9% 20 9% 20 12% 50 7% 4 

18 4.9 10 15% 20 14% 20 14% 30 14% 40 18% 60 12% 40 

26 5.3 6 31% 9 31% 10 30% 10 30% 20 37% 20 26% 10 25 5.3 — — — — — — — — 20 37% — — — 

31 5.3 — — 10 31% 20 31% 20 31% 30 37% 30 26% 20 

28 5.3 10 32% 20 31% 30 31% 40 31% 40 37% 60 26% 30 53 5.2 9 29% 8 29% 20 28% 20 28% 30 35% 60 24% 30 51 5.2 6 30% 4 29% 9 29% 10 29% 10 35% 30 24% 6 22 5.2 5 27% 6 27% 10 26% 7 26% 10 33% 10 22% 10 45 5.1 — — 6 25% 8 24% 10 24% 10 30% 20 20% 10 46 5.1 — — 7 25% 8 24% 10 24% 10 30% 20 20% 7 52 5.5 40 41% 80 40% 100 40% 100 40% 200 47% 300 34% 700 43 5.4 — — 4 35% — — — — — — — — — 

49 5.5 40 41% 60 41% 90 40% 100 40% 200 47% 200 35% 200 

47 5.5 20 41% 30 41% 40 40% 50 40% 80 47% 90 35% 40 48 5.4 10 37% 20 37% 20 36% 50 36% 50 43% 100 31% 60 44 5.4 20 36% 30 35% 40 35% 60 35% 60 42% 100 30% 200 42 5.4 10 36% 30 36% 40 35% 50 35% 50 42% 90 30% 50 41 5.3 8 33% 20 32% 30 32% 30 32% 60 38% 60 27% 40 64 5.6 10 47% 20 46% 30 46% 40 46% 40 53% 60 40% 60 40 5.3 5 31% 7 31% 10 30% 20 30% 10 37% 30 26% 30 67 5.8 3 61% 6 60% 7 60% 10 60% — — 20 55% 20 63 5.8 4 59% 7 59% 9 58% 6 58% 10 65% 8 53% 6 
36

74 5.8 20 61% 40 60% 50 60% 60 60% 70 67% 80 55% 80 

66 5.8 40 61% 90 60% 100 60% 100 60% 200 67% 200 55% 200 95 5.7 40 57% 60 57% 70 56% 100 56% 90 63% 200 51% 700 91 5.7 10 57% 20 57% 30 56% 60 56% 40 63% 80 51% 200 92 6.0 10 69% 30 68% 20 68% 50 68% 20 74% 60 63% 200 84 5.7 30 52% 20 51% 70 51% 100 51% 70 58% 200 45% 300 

101 6.0 50 70% 90 70% 100 69% 200 69% 200 75% 300 65% 900 

99 6.0 40 71% 80 70% 90 70% 100 70% 100 76% 200 65% 400 

119 6.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

83 5.9 4 64% 7 64% 9 63% 20 63% 10 70% 20 58% 60 

97 5.9 20 66% 40 65% 40 65% 70 65% 80 71% 100 60% 300 87 5.9 20 66% 30 65% 40 65% 80 65% 40 71% 90 60% 300 

136 5.8 10 62% 10 62% 20 61% 30 61% 10 68% 20 56% 50 110 6.1 40 75% 80 74% 100 74% 200 74% 90 79% 200 70% 700 

82 5.8 — — 6 60% 9 60% 50 60% 20 67% 40 55% 100 

151 6.3 20 81% 20 81% 30 80% 70 80% 20 85% 90 77% 300 107 6.3 — — 5 83% 7 83% 20 83% 9 87% 40 80% 90 118 6.4 — — 70 84% 100 84% 200 84% 100 88% 200 81% 700 134 6.2 — — — — 4 77% 3 77% — — 3 73% 60 114 6.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

146 6.5 20 88% 10 88% 20 88% 50 88% 20 91% 60 86% 200 

153 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,000 105 6.3 — — — — 40 81% 100 81% 60 85% 80 77% 300 141 6.4 — — — — 20 86% 50 86% — — 60 83% 300 179 6.3 — — — — 20 84% 80 84% — — 80 80% 400 

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnso

(—

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1
37

137 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — 20 84% 60 

176 6.4 — — — — 9 84% — — — — — — — 

130 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — 80 

138 6.4 — — — — — — 400 86% — — 300 84% 1,000 158 6.6 10 91% — — 20 91% 20 91% 20 93% 70 89% 300 129 6.3 — — — — 7 84% 9 84% — — 10 80% 70 178 6.8 — — — — — — 40 93% — — 30 91% 200 183 6.8 20 94% 20 94% 40 94% 90 94% — — 90 92% 600 128 6.4 10 84% 10 84% 7 84% 40 84% 10 88% 40 81% 200 174 6.7 30 93% 40 93% 40 92% 100 92% — — 100 91% 900 177 6.7 30 92% 30 92% 50 92% 70 92% — — 70 90% 500 156 6.8 — — 40 94% 50 93% 80 93% — — 60 92% 200 201 6.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — 200 157 6.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — 70 172 6.9 — — — — — — 90 95% — — 50 94% 400 180 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — 300 95% 1,000 199 7.2 — — — — 70 98% 200 98% 100 98% 200 97% 1,000 207 7.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

194 7.4 — — — — — — 200 98% — — 200 98% 1,000 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 700 1,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 5,000 20,000 

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnso

(—

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1
38

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower

Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Nor

(7

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 1

6 4.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — —

19 4.6 — — — — — — —— — — 10 5% — 

18 4.9 20 10% — — — — 20 14% 40 27% 300 8% — 26 5.3 5 22% 2 27% 2 34% 7 29% 1 49% 80 19% — 

25 5.3 — — — — — — —— — — 40 19% — 31 5.3 20 22% — — — — 20 30% — — 200 19% — 28 5.3 20 22% 8 28% — — 40 30% — — 200 19% — 53 5.2 — — — — — — 9 27% — — 50 18% — 51 5.2 1 21% — — — — 1 28% — — 20 18% — 22 5.2 10 19% 3 24% 4 30% 10 26% — — 200 16% — 45 5.1 5 17% 2 22% — — 7 23% — — 40 15% — 46 5.1 2 17% 1 22% — — 30 23% — — 30 15% — 52 5.5 70 30% 20 36% 30 43% 100 38% — — 300 26% — 43 5.4 — — — — — — —— — — 20 22% — 49 5.5 40 30% 10 37% 10 44% 70 39% — — 300 27% — 47 5.5 20 30% 6 37% 10 44% 30 39% — — 90 27% — 48 5.4 30 27% 9 33% 20 40% 40 35% — — 200 24% — 44 5.4 30 26% — — 10 38% 60 34% — — 200 22% — 42 5.4 10 26% 5 32% 10 39% 50 34% — — 200 23% — 41 5.3 10 23% 4 29% 4 35% 10 31% — — 100 20% — 64 5.6 20 35% — — — — 30 45% — — 100 31% — 40 5.3 9 22% 3 27% 6 34% 8 29% 1 49% 50 19% — 67 5.8 30 49% 3 57% 30 64% 10 59% — — 30 45% — 63 5.8 10 48% 7 55% 4 62% 10 57% — — 20 43% — 74 5.8 20 49% 8 57% 10 64% 80 59% — — 200 45% — 
39

66 5.8 50 49% 20 57% — — 200 59% — — 500 45% — 

95 5.7 50 45% 20 53% 40 60% 80 55% — — 80 41% — 91 5.7 — — 8 53% 20 60% 6 55% — — 40 41% — 92 6.0 10 58% 9 65% 40 71% 80 67% — — 20 53% 4 84 5.7 90 40% 30 47% 200 55% 200 50% — — 90 36% — 

101 6.0 90 60% 30 66% 70 73% 200 68% — — 100 55% — 

99 6.0 20 60% 20 67% 60 73% 20 69% 80 84% 50 56% 10 

119 6.2 — — — — — — —— — — — — —

83 5.9 7 53% — — 3 67% 20 62% — — 10 48% — 

97 5.9 30 55% 10 62% 20 68% 100 64% — — 80 50% 5 87 5.9 30 55% 9 62% 10 68% 30 64% — — 40 50% — 

136 5.8 7 51% 10 58% — — 20 60% — — — — 2 

110 6.1 50 65% 20 71% 60 77% 60 73% — — 70 61% — 

82 5.8 30 49% — — — — 7 59% — — 20 45% — 

151 6.3 20 73% — — 60 83% 20 80% — — — — —

107 6.3 7 76% — — 10 85% 6 82% — — 7 72% — 

118 6.4 80 77% — — 100 86% 80 83% — — 80 74% — 134 6.2 — — — — — — 8 76% — — 2 65% 3 114 6.3 — — — — — — —— — — — — —

146 6.5 10 83% — — 70 90% 10 88% — — — — —153 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — —105 6.3 50 73% — — 200 83% — — — — 30 70% — 

141 6.4 — — — — 40 88% — — — — — — —

179 6.3 50 77% 20 82% 80 86% — — — — — — —137 6.4 — — — — 20 88% — — — — — — —

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower

Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Nor

(7

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 1
40

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values of Meadows et al. (1998) using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981).bValue from high-flow deployment period.cApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 4.

176 6.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — —

130 6.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — —138 6.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — —158 6.6 10 87% — — 300 92% 20 90% — — 8 84% — 

129 6.3 — — — — 6 86% — — — — — — —

178 6.8 — — — — 60 94% — — — — — — —183 6.8 10 91% — — 100 95% — — — — — — —128 6.4 10 77% — — 30 86% — — — — 9 74% — 

174 6.7 30 89% 30 91% 100 93% 30 92% — — — — —

177 6.7 20 88% — — 90 93% — — — — — — —156 6.8 30 90% — — — — 30 93% — — — — —201 6.9 — — — — — — —— — — — — —157 6.8 — — — — — — —— — — — — —172 6.9 — — — — 100 96% — — — — — — —180 7.0 100 93% — — 200 96% — — — — — — —199 7.2 — — — — 200 98% — — — — — — —207 7.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — —194 7.4 — — — — 300 99% — — — — — — —

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 1,000 300 3,000 2,000 100 4,000 20

Table 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower

Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Nor

(7

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 1
41

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981).bValue from high-flow deployment period.cApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 4.Table 15. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia R[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log Koca Bradwood (39) Beaver Army Terminal (54) Longview (69) Columbia City (82) Lake River (87) Willamette River (101) Johns

(

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1

37 5.4 2 40% 4 40% 4 39% 6 39% 4 46% 9 34% 6 

81 6.0 — — — — 0.3 68% 0.3 68% — — 0.4 64% 0.77 6.0 2 69% 4 69% 6 68% 8 68% 5 74% 10 64% 10 

126 6.5 — — — — — — 1 88% — — 1 86% 5 169 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Congener No. Log Koca Warrendale (141) Umatilla (289) Yakima River (335) Vernita Bridge (388) Lower Crab Creek (411) Wenatchee River (468) Nor

(7

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 1

37 5.4 2 29% — — — — 5 38% — — 50 26% — 

81 6.0 — — — — — — 0.2 67% — — 0.9 54% — 77 6.0 2 59% 0.6 65% 2 72% 4 67% — — 20 54% 0.

126 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — —

169 7.0 — — — — — — —— — — — — —
42

Table 16. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Colum[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; Rdifference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates 

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Hexachlorobenzene 11. 21. 29. 27. [7] 33. 9.1 23. 26. 

Pentachloroanisole 10. 11. 8.7 8.3 [5] 25. 5.1 39. 27. alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 1.3 1.5 2.3 1.6 [36] 2.2 1.3 2.1 1.3 

Lindane NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 1.8 NQ 5.8 3.6 

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Heptachlor ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND Aldrin NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 1.3 NQ 3.6 3.0 

Dacthal ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Oxychlordane ND ND NQ NQ [—] NQ ND NQ NQ 

Heptachlor Epoxide 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.1 [<1] 1.4 2.3 NQ NQ trans-Chlordane NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 7.2 NQ 11. 7.5 trans-Nonachlor NQ 3.2 3.5 3.7 [6] 5.4 NQ 9.0 5.9 o,p’-DDE 2.4 1.6 2.7 3.6 [29] 4.0 NQ 2.2 4.6 cis-Chlordane 7.0 7.5 9.5 10. [5] 13. 5.7 16. 13. p,p’-DDE 40. 70. 130. 120. [8] 120. 33. 70. 52. 

Dieldrin 7.2 7.0 7.9 9.8 [21] 12. 7.4 19. 12. 

o,p’-DDD 8.3 9.7 13. 14. [7] 17. 6.6 35. 24. 

Endrin ND NQ NQ NQ [—] ND ND NQ NQ 

o,p’-DDT NQ 1.8 2.3 2.0 [14] 3.8 NQ 1.6 6.7 cis-Nonachlor ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND p,p’-DDD 29. 39. 53. 57. [7] 58. 26. 84. 61. p,p’-DDT ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Methoxychlor ND NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ ND NQ NQ Mirex ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 
43

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informatioTable 16. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Colum

Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; Rdifference between duplicate pairs, in percenta

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake

Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Hexachlorobenzene 28. 15. 33. 9.0 9.5 [5] 9.3 ND NQ 

Pentachloroanisole 7.0 1.8 3.7 11. 6.6 [50] 3.5 0.4 2.1 

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.0 NQ NQ ND ND [—] 3.0 NQ ND 

Lindane 14. ND ND 2.3 1.5 [42] NQ ND NQ 

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND 

Heptachlor ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND Aldrin ND ND NQ 3.1 3.0 [3] ND NQ 2.6 

Dacthal ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND 

Oxychlordane NQ ND NQ NQ NQ [—] ND ND ND Heptachlor Epoxide 2.3 1.5 2.4 2.5 1.9 [27] NQ NQ ND trans-Chlordane 24. NQ 6.1 6.8 NQ [—] NQ NQ ND trans-Nonachlor 9.9 NQ 2.9 9.0 5.1 [55] NQ NQ ND o,p’-DDE 5.0 2.4 2.7 13. 5.0 [89] 7.3 ND 2.0 cis-Chlordane 26. 8.8 23. 31. 18. [53] 24. 9.2 10. p,p’-DDE 150. 71. 70. 780. 920. [16] 240. NQ 150. 

Dieldrin 15. 6.1 22. 110. 81. [30] 4.0 16. NQ 

o,p’-DDD 26. 11. 6.9 37. 27. [31] 43. ND 6.3 

Endrin ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND 1.4 

o,p’-DDT 5.7 1.6 1.5 28. 16. [55] 4.2 NQ 9.7 cis-Nonachlor NQ ND ND 4.8 NQ [—] ND ND ND p,p’-DDD 120. 47. 20. 130. 100. [26] 170. NQ 21. p,p’-DDT ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND Methoxychlor ND ND NQ 15. 8.9 [51] ND ND ND Mirex ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
44

Table 17. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products in streambed sediment collected 

low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; N

detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary site]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

Hexachlorobenzene ND ND ND

Pentachloroanisole ND ND ND

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND

Lindane NQ ND ND

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND

Heptachlor ND ND ND

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND

Aldrin ND ND ND

Dacthal ND ND ND

Oxychlordane ND ND ND

Heptachlor Epoxide ND ND ND

trans-Chlordane NQ 0.2 NQ

trans-Nonachlor ND 0.2 ND

o,p’-DDE NQ 0.4 NQ

cis-Chlordane ND NQ ND

p,p’-DDE NQ 1.8 NQ

Dieldrin NQ 0.5 NQ

o,p’-DDD NQ 1.5 0.2

Endrin ND ND ND

o,p’-DDT ND ND ND

cis-Nonachlor ND NQ ND

p,p’-DDD 0.8 3.9 1.0

p,p’-DDT” ND 2.8 ND

Methoxychlor ND ND ND

Mirex ND ND ND

hydrophobic OC pesticides were coupled with relatively high concentrations of organic carbon.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PAH compounds result from the burning of

organic materials and are present in fossil fuels. Common outdoor sources of these compounds include combustion engine exhaust (especially diesel engines), coal

burning, and wood burning.

During the 1997 low-flow period, the lowest

PAH concentrations were measured in SPMDs from

the main-stem sites in the upper basin (table 20).

SPMDs from upper-basin tributary sites had co

trations somewhat higher than those from upper

main-stem sites. The highest levels were detect

SPMDs deployed in the Portland-Vancouver ur

area—at the Willamette River and Johnson Cree

and at the Warrendale site. However, PAH conc

trations in SPMDs deployed at the Hayden Islan

were considerably lower than in those deployed 

rendale, and SPMDs deployed downstream of th

area had variable but generally lower levels low

those deployed in the Willamette Basin.

Concentrations of PAH compounds in str

sediment did not necessarily reflect patterns in 

Although levels were elevated in streambed sed
45

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Main stem

Tributary

EXPLANATION

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean

Johnson Creek

Figure 8. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation prod

during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of

concentrations reported in table 18.)

from the Willamette River site, concentrations were

considerably lower in sediment from the Warrendale

site (table 21).

Estimated dissolved and total concentrations

in river water.—Dissolved PAH compounds were

estimated to be present at nanogram- or picogram-per-liter levels (table 22), and generally showed

the same relative spatial distribution as SPMD concentrations—dissolved concentration estimates were highest for the Willamette River, Johnson Creek and

Warrendale sites, and lowest for sites in the upper basin

(fig. 9).

Because the PAH compounds most frequently

detected are only moderately hydrophobic (log Koc

< 5), differences between dissolved and total concentrations were smaller for PAHs than for other compounds measured. In many cases, estimated total

concentrations (table 23) exceeded estimated dissolved

concentrations by less than 10 percent. However, for

more hydrophobic compounds (log Koc’s greate

about 5.5), estimated total concentrations excee

mated dissolved concentrations by more than 1

cent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Tom Edwards of the USGS-WR

Portland, Oregon, for many productive, enjoyab

safe hours on the water. We are grateful to Jim H

CERC, USGS-BRD, Columbia, Missouri, for in

discussions and unyielding moral support and e

agement. Many thanks go also to Ann Allert, C

USGS-BRD, Columbia, Missouri, and Jeremy B

and Stephen Zylstra, USFWS, Portland, Oregon

able field assistance. Finally, we wish to thank T

Meissner and Bernadine Bonn, USGS-WRD, P

Oregon, for invaluable contributions toward com

of this report.
46

Table 18. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow condition1997[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significant digit, in picograms 

absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

V

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 

Hexachlorobenzene 60 100 100 200 100 100 200 — 300 70 50 Pentachloroanisole 40 50 40 100 30 200 300 20 40 7 50 

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 100 200 200 200 100 200 — — 300 — — 

Lindane — — — 200 — 800 — 400 2,000 — 300 beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ———— — — ——— — — Heptachlor — — — — — — ——— — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ———— — — ——— — — Aldrin — — — — — — ——— — — Dacthal — — — — — — ——— — — Oxychlordane — — — — — — ——— — — Heptachlor Epoxide 10 10 20 10 30 — 60 — 30 10 20 

trans-Chlordane — — — 30 — 50 300 80 200 — 30 trans-Nonachlor — 20 20 30 — 50 400 30 90 — 50 o,p’-DDE 10 7 10 20 — 10 30 — 40 10 60 cis-Chlordane 30 40 40 60 40 70 500 70 200 40 100 p,p’-DDE 100 200 400 300 200 200 300 90 700 200 2,000 

Dieldrin 40 40 40 70 100 100 700 50 100 30 600 

o,p’-DDD 40 50 70 90 60 200 100 40 200 50 200 

Endrin — — — — — — 40 — — — — 

o,p’-DDT — 10 10 20 — 10 50 20 50 9 200 cis-Nonachlor — — — — — — 70 — — — 30 p,p’-DDD 100 200 200 300 200 400 300 200 1,000 200 600 p,p’-DDT — — — — — — ——— — — 

Methoxychlor — — — — — — ——— — 100 Mirex — — — — — — ——— — — 
47

Table 19. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in th[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculati

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Jo

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 90 35% 200 34% 200 34% 300 34% 200 41% 200 29% 

Pentachloroanisole 5.1 60 22% 60 21% 50 21% 100 21% 40 26% 200 18% alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 100 1% 200 1% 200 1% 200 1% 100 1% 200 <1% Lindane 3.3 — — — — — — 200 <1% — — 800 <1% beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — Heptachlor 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — Aldrin 6.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — Dacthal 4.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — Oxychlordane — — — — — — — — — — — — — Heptachlor Epoxide 4.6 20 9% 10 8% 20 8% 10 8% 40 11% — — 

trans-Chlordane 5.8 — — — — — 90 61% — — 100 56% trans-Nonachlor 6.0 — — 50 68% 60 68% 90 68% — — 100 63% o,p’-DDE 5.6 20 50% 10 49% 20 49% 40 49% — — 20 43% cis-Chlordane 5.7 70 55% 80 55% 100 54% 100 54% 100 62% 100 49% p,p’-DDE 6.1 500 76% 800 76% 1,000 75% 1,000 75% 900 80% 700 71% 

Dieldrin 5.0 50 20% 50 20% 50 19% 80 19% 200 24% 100 16% 

o,p’-DDD 5.5 80 42% 90 42% 100 41% 200 41% 100 49% 300 36% 

Endrin 4.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — 

o,p’-DDT 6.4 — — 80 86% 100 85% 200 85% — — 60 82% cis-Nonachlor 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — p,p’-DDD 5.6 300 51% 400 50% 500 50% 500 50% 500 57% 700 44% p,p’-DDT 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Methoxychlor 4.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — Mirex 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — 
48

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science Center S

database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

bValue from high-flow deployment period.cApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 4.Table 19. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in th

1997—Continued

[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculati

Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 2.70 2.20 5.15 1.25 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 300 25% 100 31% 70 37% 100 33% — — — — 

Pentachloroanisole 5.1 50 15% 9 19% 60 24% 30 20% 3 37% 10 13% 

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 300 <1% — — — — 300 1% — — — — 

Lindane 3.3 2,000 <1% — — 300 1% — — — — — — beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — Heptachlor 5.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.8 — — — — — — —— — — — — Aldrin 6.1 — — — — — — —— — — — — Dacthal 4.0 — — — — — — —— — — — — Oxychlordane — — — — — — — —— — — — — Heptachlor Epoxide 4.6 30 6% 10 7% 20 10% — — — — — — 

trans-Chlordane 5.8 400 51% — — 90 65% — — — — — — trans-Nonachlor 6.0 200 58% — — 200 71% — — — — — — o,p’-DDE 5.6 60 38% 20 45% 100 53% 100 47% — — 20 34% cis-Chlordane 5.7 400 44% 80 51% 300 58% 500 53% 200 73% 200 39% p,p’-DDE 6.1 2,000 67% 700 73% 10,000 78% 4,000 75% — — 2,000 62% 

Dieldrin 5.0 200 13% 40 17% 800 22% 40 19% 100 35% — — 

o,p’-DDD 5.5 300 31% 90 38% 400 45% 600 40% — — 80 28% 

Endrin 4.8 — — — — — — —— — — 10 8% 

o,p’-DDT 6.4 200 79% 60 84% 1,000 87% 200 85% — — 300 76% cis-Nonachlor 5.7 — — — — 70 57% — — — — — — p,p’-DDD 5.6 2,000 39% 400 46% 1,000 54% 2,000 49% — — 200 35% p,p’-DDT 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Methoxychlor 4.7 — — — — 200 12% — — — — — — Mirex 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — 
49

Table 20. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, 

and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sitesrelative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Acenaphthylene ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—

Acenaphthene NQ ND ND ND [—] NQ NQ 66 57 [15

Fluorene NQ 22 NQ NQ [—] NQ 61 96 69 [33Phenanthrene NQ 110 61 59 [3] 85 270 360 410 [13Anthracene NQ 30 24 23 [4] NQ 33 110 85 [26Fluoranthene 270 550 290 500 [53] 580 500 1,700 2,000 [17

Pyrene 530 720 390 580 [39] 1,400 350 3,800 3,900 [2Benz[a]anthracene NQ 230 130 83 [44] 170 43 340 340 [<1

Chrysene 230 390 310 270 [14] 460 100 650 460 [34

Benzo[b]fluoranthene NQ 160 100 160 [46] 210 45 190 320 [51Benzo[k]fluoranthene 31 110 69 NQ [—] NQ NQ 160 NQ [—

Benzo[a]pyrene NQ 44 NQ 16 [—] 92 ND 100 110 [10

Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene ND NQ ND ND [—] NQ ND NQ NQ [—

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ND NQ NQ NQ [—] 24 ND 50 40 [21
50

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informati

Table 20. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, 

and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sitesrelative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake

Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Duplicates RD 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Acenaphthylene NQ NQ ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Acenaphthene 80 ND ND 42 48 [13] ND NQ NQ ND 

Fluorene 120 NQ NQ 74 81 [9] ND NQ 56 NQ 

Phenanthrene 850 NQ 65 300 320 [6] ND 520 270 95 

Anthracene 37 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] ND NQ 7 NQ 

Fluoranthene 2,100 160 150 300 330 [10] 290 640 290 170 

Pyrene 1,200 110 76 190 200 [5] 140 320 100 81 Benz[a]anthracene 82 10 NQ NQ NQ [—] 28 NQ 10 8 

Chrysene 310 43 27 68 68 [<1] 120 NQ 49 39 Benzo[b]fluoranthene 76 NQ ND NQ NQ [—] 37 ND ND ND 

Benzo[k]fluoranthene NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 27 ND NQ NQ 

Benzo[a]pyrene NQ ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene NQ ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND Dibenz[a,h]anthracene NQ ND ND ND ND [—] ND NQ ND ND Benzo[g,h,i]perylene NQ ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
51

Table 21. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in streambed sediment collected during low-flow con in the Columbia River Basin, 1997[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nano(10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary site]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Warrendale

(141)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

Acena4phthylene NQ 3 ND

Acenaphthene 3 14 3

Fluorene 5 16 4Phenanthrene 21 79 14Anthracene 2 21 1Fluoranthene 24 98 11Pyrene 24 120 10

Benz[a]anthracene 9 36 5

Chrysene 18 61 8Benzo[b]fluoranthene 14 46 8Benzo[k]fluoranthene 14 60 6Benzo[a]pyrene 16 63 7Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene 11 70 5Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 3 14 NDBenzo[g,h,i]perylene 16 110 6
52

Table 22. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Colum[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significant digit, in picogra

estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 

Acenaphthylene — — — — — — ——— — — — 

Acenaphthene — — — — — 2,000 3,000 — 2,000 — 1,000 — Fluorene — 400 — — 1,000 2,000 4,000 700 2,000 — 1,000 — 

Phenanthrene — 1,000 700 900 3,000 4,000 10,000 2,000 10,000 — 3,000 — Anthracene — 200 200 — 300 800 1,000 200 300 — — — Fluoranthene 2,000 4,000 2,000 4,000 3,000 10,000 8,000 2,000 10,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 Pyrene 2,000 3,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 20,000 6,000 1,000 6,000 400 800 800 Benz[a]anthracene — 1,000 800 1,000 300 2,000 — 100 600 60 — 200 Chrysene 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 700 3,000 2,000 400 2,000 200 300 700 Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 1,000 800 2,000 400 2,000 2,000 — 600 — — 300 

Benzo[k]fluoranthene 200 600 400 — — 900 ——— — — 200 Benzo[a]pyrene — 300 — 500 — 600 200 — — — — — Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — ——— — — — Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — ——— — — — Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — — — 300 — 600 300 — — — — — 
53

Lake River

Willamette River

Snake R

Lower Crab Creek

Wenatchee River

Yakima River

Main stemTributary

EXPLANATION

Columbia River

Columbia River

Pacific Ocean Johnson Creek

Figure 9. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds durinconditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentratioreported in table 22.)
54

Table 23. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia Rive[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in table D1; total concentrations were calreported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following conc

total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for 

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Johns

(

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 3.10b 1.85 1

Acenaphthylene — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Acenaphthene 3.5 — — — — — — — — — — 2,000 1% 3,00

Fluorene 3.8 — — 400 1% — — — — 1,000 2% 2,000 1% 4,00Phenanthrene 4.1 — — 1,000 3% 700 3% 1,000 3% 3,000 4% 4,000 2% 10,00Anthracene 4.1 — — 200 3% 200 3% — — 300 4% 900 2% 1,00Fluoranthene 4.6 2,000 10% 4,000 9% 2,000 9% 5,000 9% 4,000 12% 10,000 8% 9,00Pyrene 4.6 3.000 9% 3,000 8% 2,000 8% 7,000 8% 2,000 11% 20,000 7% 6,00Benz[a]anthracene 5.2 — — 2,000 29% 1,000 29% 1,000 29% 500 35% 3,000 24% — 

Chrysene 5.2 1,000 30% 3,000 29% 2,000 29% 3,000 29% 1,000 35% 4,000 24% 3,00

Benzo[b]fluoranthene 5.8 — — 3,000 61% 2,000 61% 4,000 61% 1,000 67% 3,000 55% 4,00Benzo[k]fluoranthene — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Benzo[a]pyrene 5.7 — — 500 51% — — 1,000 51% — — 1,000 45% 30

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 6.4 — — — — — — 2,000 85% — — 3,000 82% 2,00
55

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58
59

APPENDIX A

General Chemical Structures of Polychlorinated

Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated

Dibenzofurans,andPolychlorinatedBiphenyls
60
61

APPENDIX A

The positions of the chlorine substituents in PCDD, PCDF, and PCB molecules are identified by num

shown in figure A1. PCDDs and PCDFs may contain from 1 to 8 chlorine atoms, and PCBs may contain fr

10 chlorine atoms. Individual PCB congeners are also identified by congener numbers (table A1).

numbers indicate the ortho positions for PCBs.)

2’

2

3

O

O

1

4

7

6

9

8

3

1

4

2

7

6

9

8

PCDDs

PCDFs

O

3 2

4

PCBs

5

6’ 5’

4’

6 3’

Figure A1. General chemical structures of polychlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans

(PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). (Shaded

numbers indicate the ortho positions for PCBs.)
62

Table A1. Congener number and chlorine positions for polychlorinated biphenyls (McFarland and Clarke, 1989)

[Chlorine positions indicate positions of chlorine atoms as illustrated in figure A1]

Congener

No.

Chlorine

Positions

Congener

No.

Chlorine

Positions

Congener

No.

Chlorine

Positions

Congener

No.

Chlorine

Positions

Congener

No.

Chlorine

Positions

Monochlorobiphenyls Tetrachlorobiphenyls Pentachlorobiphenyls Hexachlorobiphenyls Heptachlorobiphenyls

1 2 40 2,2’,3,3’ 82 2,2’,3,3’,4 128 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’ 170 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5

2 3 41 2,2’,3,4 83 2,2’,3,3’,5 129 2,2’,3,3’,4,5 171 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,6

3 4 42 2,2’,3,4’ 84 2,2’,3,3’,6 130 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’ 172 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’

43 2,2’,3,5 85 2,2’,3,4,4’ 131 2,2’,3,3’,4,6 173 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6

Dichlorobiphenyls 44 2,2’,3,5’ 86 2,2’,3,4,5 132 2,2’,3,3’,4,6’ 174 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6’

4 2,2’ 45 2,2’,3,6 87 2,2’,3,4,5’ 133 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’ 175 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6

5 2,3 46 2,2’,3,6’ 88 2,2’,3,4,6 134 2,2’,3,3’,5,6 176 2,2’,3,3’,4,6,6’

6 2,3’ 47 2,2’,4,4’ 89 2,2’,3,4,6’ 135 2,2’,3,3’,5,6’ 177 2,2’,3,3’,4’,5,6

7 2,4 48 2,2’,4,5 90 2,2’,3,4’,5 136 2,2’,3,3’,6,6’ 178 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6

8 2,4’ 49 2,2’,4,5’ 91 2,2’,3,4’,6 137 2,2’,3,4,4’,5 179 2,2’,3,3’,5,6,6’

9 2,5 50 2,2’,4,6 92 2,2’,3,5,5’ 138 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’ 180 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’

10 2,6 51 2,2’,4,6’ 93 2,2’,3,5,6 139 2,2’,3,4,4’,6 181 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6

11 3,3’ 52 2,2’,5,5’ 94 2,2’,3,5,6’ 140 2,2’,3,4,4’,6’ 182 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6’

12 3,4 53 2,2’,5,6’ 95 2,2’,3,5’,6 141 2,2’,3,4,5,5’ 183 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6

13 3,4’ 54 2,2’,6,6’ 96 2,2’,3,6,6’ 142 2,2’,3,4,5,6 184 2,2’,3,4,4’,6,6’

14 3,5 55 2,3,3’,4 97 2,2’,3’,4,5 143 2,2’,3,4,5,6’ 185 2,2’,3,4,5,5’,6

15 4,4’ 56 2,3,3’,4’ 98 2,2’,3’,4,6 144 2,2’,3,4,5’,6 186 2,2’,3,4,5,6,6’

57 2,3,3’,5 99 2,2’,4,4’,5 145 2,2’,3,4,6,6’ 187 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’,6

Trichlorobiphenyls 58 2,3,3’,5’ 100 2,2’,4,4’,6 146 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’ 188 2,2’,3,4’,5,6,6’

16 2,2’,3 59 2,3,3’,6 101 2,2’,4,5,5’ 147 2,2’,3,4’,5,6 189 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’

17 2,2’,4 60 2,3,4,4’ 102 2,2’,4,5,6’ 148 2,2’,3,4’,5,6’ 190 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,6

18 2,2’,5 61 2,3,4,5 103 2,2’,4,5’,6 149 2,2’,3,4’,5’,6 191 2,3,3’,4,4’,5’,6

19 2,2’,6 62 2,3,4,6 104 2,2’,4,6,6’ 150 2,2’,3,4’,6,6’ 192 2,3,3’,4,5,5’,6

20 2,3,3’ 63 2,3,4’,5 105 2,3,3’,4,4’ 151 2,2’,3,5,5’,6 193 2,3,3’,4,’,5,5’,6

21 2,3,4 64 2,3,4’,6 106 2,3,3’,4,5 152 2,2’,3,5,6,6’

22 2,3,4’ 65 2,3,5,6 107 2,3,3’,4’,5 153 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’ Octachlorobiphenyls

23 2,3,5 66 2,3’,4,4’ 108 2,3,3’,4,5’ 154 2,2’,4,4’,5,6’ 194 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’

24 2,3,6 67 2,3’,4,5 109 2,3,3’,4,6 155 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’ 195 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6

25 2,3’,4 68 2,3’,4,5’ 110 2,3,3’,4’,6 156 2,3,3’,4,4’,5 196 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6’

26 2,3’,5 69 2,3’,4,6 111 2,3,3’,5,5’ 157 2,3,3’,4,4’,5’ 197 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,6,6’

27 2,3’,6 70 2,3’,4’,5 112 2,3,3’,5,6 158 2,3,3’,4,4’,6 198 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6

28 2,4,4’ 71 2,3’,4’,6 113 2,3,3’,5’,6 159 2,3,3’,4,5,5’ 199 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6’

29 2,4,5 72 2,3’,5,5’ 114 2,3,4,4’,5 160 2,3,3’,4,5,6 200 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6,6’

30 2,4,6 73 2,3’,5’,6 115 2,3,4,4’,6 161 2,3,3’,4,5’,6 201 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6,6’

31 2,4’,5 74 2,4,4’,5 116 2,3,4,5,6 162 2,3,3’,4’,5,5’ 202 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6,6’

32 2,4’,6 75 2,4,4’,6 117 2,3,4’,5,6 163 2,3,3’,4’,5,6 203 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’,6

33 2’,3,4 76 2’,3,4,5 118 2,3’,4,4’,5 164 2,3,3’,4’,5’,6 204 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6,6’

34 2’,3,5 77 3,3’,4,4’ 119 2,3’,4,4’,6 165 2,3,3’,5,5’,6 205 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6

35 3,3’,4 78 3,3’,4,5 120 2,3’,4,5,5’ 166 2,3,4,4’,5,6

36 3,3’,5 79 3,3’,4,5’ 121 2,3’,4,5’,6 167 2,3’,4,4’,5,5’ Nonachlorobiphenyls

37 3,4,4’ 80 3,3’,5,5’ 122 2’,3,3’,4,5 168 2,3’,4,4’,5’,6 206 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’

38 3,4,5 81 3,4,4’,5 123 2’,3,4,4’,5 169 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’ 207 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6,

39 3,4’,5 124 2’,3,4,5,5’ 208 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6,

125 2’,3,4,5,6’

126 3,3’,4,4’,5 Decachlorobiphenyl

127 3,3’,4,5,5’ 209 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’
63

APPENDIX B

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in Field

Blanks During Low-Flow Conditions, 1997
64
65

Table B1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks 

during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in pic

(10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, det

but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites]

Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND

Total Tetra ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND

Total Penta ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND

Total Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND NQ

Total Hepta NQ NQ NQ NQ

Octa NQ NQ NQ NQ

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND

Total Tetra NQ ND ND ND

1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND

2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND

Total Penta ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND

2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND

Total Hexa ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND ND

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND ND ND ND

Total Hepta NQ ND ND NQ

Octa 9.9 9.9 27. 12.
66

Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, dete

not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

4 & 10 ND ND 2.5 NQ

7 & 9 NQ ND ND NQ

6 ND ND ND ND

5 & 8 ND ND ND ND

19 NQ ND ND ND

18 0.73 0.64 1.1 0.67

17 & 15 0.40 0.35 NQ 0.36

24 & 27 NQ ND ND NQ

16 & 32 0.46 0.46 0.79 0.47

29 ND NQ ND ND

26 NQ NQ ND NQ

25 0.12 NQ 0.43 NQ

31 0.48 0.40 0.96 0.40

28 0.76 0.67 1.2 0.65

20 & 33 0.62 0.55 0.98 0.55

53 0.25 NQ ND NQ

51 ND ND ND ND

22 0.28 0.25 0.42 0.25

45 NQ 0.15 ND NQ

46 ND NQ ND ND

52 0.76 0.63 1.4 0.59

43 ND ND ND ND

49 0.48 0.40 0.86 0.39

47 0.25 0.23 NQ NQ

48 0.34 0.30 NQ 0.31

44 0.59 0.45 1.3 0.50

42 0.19 0.24 0.41 0.24

41 0.22 0.19 NQ 0.17

64 0.29 0.27 0.64 0.24

40 NQ NQ ND NQ

67 ND ND ND ND

63 ND ND ND ND

74 0.12 0.13 0.23 0.12

70 & 76 0.40 0.41 0.93 0.31

66 NQ NQ NQ NQ

95 NQ NQ NQ NQ

91 ND ND ND ND
67

56 & 60 NQ NQ NQ NQ

92 0.12 NQ NQ NQ

84 NQ NQ NQ NQ

101 0.42 NQ NQ NQ

99 ND NQ ND NQ

119 ND ND ND ND

83 ND ND ND ND

97 NQ NQ ND NQ

87 0.13 NQ 0.36 NQ

136 ND ND ND ND

110 0.25 0.16 0.61 0.17

82 ND NQ ND ND

151 NQ NQ NQ NQ

135 & 144 & 124 NQ ND NQ ND

147 ND NQ ND ND

107 ND ND ND ND

123 & 149 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.12

118 NQ NQ NQ NQ

134 ND ND ND ND

114 NQ NQ NQ NQ

131 & 122 ND 0.66 ND 0.77

146 ND ND ND ND

153 ND ND ND ND

132 0.09 0.22 0.32 ND

105 NQ ND NQ ND

141 NQ ND NQ NQ

179 ND ND ND NQ

137 ND ND ND ND

176 ND ND ND ND

130 ND ND ND ND

138 NQ ND NQ ND

158 ND ND ND ND

129 ND ND ND ND

178 ND ND ND ND

182 & 187 ND ND ND ND

183 ND ND ND ND

128 ND ND ND ND

167 ND ND ND ND

Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, dete

not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16
68

185 ND ND ND ND

174 ND ND ND NQ

177 ND ND ND ND

171 & 202 ND ND ND ND

156 ND ND ND ND

173 ND ND ND ND

201 ND ND ND ND

157 ND ND ND ND

172 ND ND ND ND

197 ND ND ND ND

180 NQ NQ NQ ND

193 ND ND ND ND

191 ND ND ND ND

200 ND ND ND ND

170 & 190 ND ND ND ND

198 ND NQ ND ND

199 ND ND ND ND

196 & 203 ND ND ND ND

189 ND ND ND ND

208 & 195 ND ND ND ND

207 ND ND ND ND

194 ND ND ND ND

205 ND ND ND ND

206 ND ND ND ND

209 0.24 0.18 2.4 NQ

Total quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 9.1 8.0 18. 7.2

Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, dete

not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16
69

Table B3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-f

deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in pic

(10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detec

quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

 37 34 77 35 53

 81 NQ NQ ND NQ

 77 10 11 ND 9.6

126 ND NQ NQ NQ

169 ND ND ND ND
70

Table B4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in field blanks expos

 during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detec

not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites]

Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

Hexachlorobenzene ND ND ND ND

Pentachloroanisole NQ NQ ND NQ

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND

Lindane ND NQ ND NQ

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND

Heptachlor 0.8 0.4 NQ 0.6

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND

Aldrin ND ND ND ND

Dacthal ND ND ND ND

Oxychlordane NQ ND ND ND

Heptachlor Epoxide ND ND ND ND

trans-Chlordane 0.7 1.8 2.1 2.2

trans-Nonachlor 0.3 0.5 NQ 0.7

o,p’-DDE ND ND ND NQ

cis-Chlordane 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.2

p,p’-DDE NQ NQ ND NQ

Dieldrin NQ NQ NQ NQ

o,p’-DDD ND ND ND ND

Endrin ND ND ND ND

o,p’-DDT ND NQ ND 0.4

cis-Nonachlor ND ND ND ND

p,p’-DDD ND ND ND ND

p,p’-DDT ND ND ND ND

Methoxychlor ND ND ND ND

Mirex ND ND ND ND
71

Table B5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during

low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported

in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not

detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites]

Willamette River

(101)

Umatilla

(289)

Lower Crab

Creek

(411)

Northport

(735)

Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

Acenaphthylene ND ND ND 2

Acenaphthene ND ND ND NQ

Fluorene ND NQ ND 5

Phenanthrene 20 26 30 24

Anthracene NQ ND NQ 2

Fluoranthene 10 7 13 11

Pyrene 9 6 11 10

Benz[a]anthracene NQ 1 ND NQ

Chrysene NQ 1 NQ 1

Benzo[b]fluoranthene ND ND ND ND

Benzo[k]fluoranthene ND ND ND ND

Benzo[a]pyrene ND ND ND ND

Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene ND ND ND ND

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ND ND ND ND

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ND ND ND ND
72
73

APPENDIX C

Partition Coefficients, Sampling Rates, and

Equations used to Estimate Dissolved

Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During

Low-Flow Conditions, 1997
74
75

aR = –2.5 log(Kow) + 20.7; Kow values for hexa- and heptachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners were taken from Mackay et al. (1992); value for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro con

for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro congener; Kow values for other congeners were taken from Gale et al. (1997); Kow values for homolog totals were estimated from the averacongeners quantified.

bKSPMD values were estimated from Kow values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation KSPMD = 0.3Kow (Huckins et al., 1993).

Table C1. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used for estimating dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins an

dibenzofurans during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on a linear regressiona of PCB field data (Meadows et al., 1998)]]

Congener No. log KSPMDb R

Polychlorinated dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.3 3.8

Total Tetra 6.3 3.8

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.8 2.6

Total Penta 6.8 2.6

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 7.5 0.81,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 7.5 0.81,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.5 0.8

Total Hexa 7.5 0.8

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.5 0.8

Total Hepta 7.5 0.8Octa 7.7 0.3

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.6 5.5

Total Tetra 5.6 5.5

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.0 4.52,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.0 4.5

Total Penta 6.0 4.5

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.5 3.31,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.5 3.31,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.5 3.32,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.5 3.3

Total Hexa 6.5 3.3

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 6.9 2.31,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.4 3.6

Total Hepta 6.6 2.9Octa 7.1 1.8
76

aKSPMD values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation KSPMD = 0.3Kow (Huckins et al., 1993); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science C

on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

Table C2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinate

and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on field data (Meadows et al., 1998); see Appendix A for general chemical structures 

Congener No. Log KSPMDa R Equation Used Congener No. Log KSPMDa R Equation Used Congener No. Log KSPM

6 4.5 12.9 (1) 63 5.6 5.3 (3) 105 6.1 

19 4.5 5.3 (1) 74 5.7 6.2 (3) 141 6.3 18 4.7 9.3 (1) 66 5.7 5.3 (3) 179 6.2 26 5.1 5.8 (3) 95 5.6 6.2 (3) 137 6.3 25 5.1 5.8 (3) 91 5.6 4.4 (3) 176 6.2 31 5.1 7.1 (3) 92 5.8 5.3 (3) 130 6.3 28 5.1 8.4 (3) 84 5.5 4.4 (3) 138 6.3 53 5.1 4.9 (3) 101 5.9 6.2 (3) 158 6.5 51 5.1 4.9 (3) 99 5.9 4.4 (3) 129 6.2 22 5.1 5.8 (3) 119 6.1 4.4 (3) 178 6.6 45 5.0 8.0 (3) 83 5.7 4.9 (3) 183 6.7 46 5.0 4.4 (3) 97 5.8 4.4 (3) 128 6.2 52 5.3 6.2 (3) 87 5.8 5.3 (3) 174 6.6 43 5.2 6.2 (3) 136 5.7 5.3 (3) 177 6.6 49 5.3 5.3 (3) 110 6.0 5.8 (3) 156 6.7 47 5.3 7.5 (3) 82 5.7 4.4 (3) 201 6.7 48 5.3 3.6 (3) 151 6.1 5.3 (3) 157 6.7 44 5.2 7.5 (3) 107 6.2 5.3 (3) 172 6.8 42 5.2 6.2 (3) 118 6.2 4.9 (3) 180 6.8 41 5.2 6.2 (3) 134 6.0 4.9 (3) 199 7.1 64 5.4 7.5 (3) 114 6.1 4.4 (3) 207 7.2 40 5.1 6.7 (3) 146 6.4 4.9 (3) 194 7.3 67 5.7 5.3 (3) 153 6.4 3.6 (3)
77

aKSPMD values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation KSPMD = 0.3Kow (Huckins et al., 1993); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science C

on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

Table C3. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used for estimating dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated 

high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on a linear regressiona of ortho-substituted PCB field data (Meadows et al., 1998); se

structures of congeners]

Congener No. log KSPMDb R

 37 5.3 6.2 81 5.8 4.9 77 5.8 4.9126 6.4 3.6169 6.9 2.3
78

Table C4. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and r

products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used 

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 2.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 

Pentachloroanisole 4.9 9.5 (1) 9.5 (1) 9.5 (1) 9.5 (1) 5.1 (3) 9.5 (1) alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) 0.9 (4) 2.7 (4) Lindane 3.2 1.7 (4) 1.7 (4) 1.7 (4) 1.7 (4) 0.7 (4) 1.7 (4) beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Heptachlor 5.6 — — — — — — — — 3.6 (3) — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — Aldrin 6.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — Dacthal 3.9 1.9 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.9 (1) 0.6 (3) 1.9 (1) 

Oxychlordane — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Heptachlor Epoxide 4.5 8.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 2.9 (1) 8.3 (1) 

trans-Chlordane 5.7 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.5 (3) 6.1 (3) trans-Nonachlor 5.8 5.7 (3) 5.7 (3) 5.7 (3) 5.7 (3) 3.6 (3) 5.7 (3) o,p’-DDE 5.5 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 6.3 (3) cis-Chlordane 5.6 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.8 (3) 6.1 (3) p,p’-DDE 6.0 10.5 (3) 10.5 (3) 10.5 (3) 10.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 10.5 (3) 

Dieldrin 4.9 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 1.8 (3) 5.2 (3) 

o,p’-DDD 5.4 5.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 5.5 (3) 

Endrin 4.7 7.8 (1) 7.8 (1) 7.8 (1) 7.8 (1) 3.1 (3) 7.8 (1) 

o,p’-DDT 6.3 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 2.2 (3) 4.5 (3) cis-Nonachlor 5.6 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 2.8 (3) 4.9 (3) p,p’-DDD 5.5 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.1 (3) 6.3 (3) p,p’-DDT 6.4 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 3.2 (3) 5.6 (3) 

Methoxychlor 4.6 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 1.5 (3) 4.5 (1) Mirex 6.4 7.6 (3) 7.6 (3) 7.6 (3) 7.6 (3) 4.7 (3) 7.6 (3) 
79

Table C4. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and r

transformation products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

aKSPMD values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation KSPMD = 0.3Kow (Huckins et al., 1993); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science C

on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

per day, based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 

Pentachloroanisole 4.9 5.0 (3) 9.5 (1) 9.5 (1) 4.9 (3) 9.5 (1) 4.9 (3) alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 1.2 (4) 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) 1.4 (4) 2.7 (4) 1.4 (4) Lindane 3.2 0.9 (4) 1.7 (4) 1.7 (4) 1.1 (4) 1.7 (4) 1.1 (4) beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 — — — — — —— — — — — —

Heptachlor 5.6 — — — — — —— — — — — —delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.6 — — — — — —— — — — — —Aldrin 6.0 — — — — — —— — — — — —Dacthal 3.9 1.2 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.8 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.8 (1) 

Oxychlordane — — — — — — —— — — — — —

Heptachlor Epoxide 4.5 3.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 3.6 (1) 8.3 (1) 3.6 (1) 

trans-Chlordane 5.7 3.3 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.1 (3) trans-Nonachlor 5.8 3.2 (3) 5.7 (3) 5.7 (3) 2.8 (3) 5.7 (3) 2.8 (3) o,p’-DDE 5.5 3.5 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.7 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.7 (3) cis-Chlordane 5.6 3.3 (3) 6.1 (3) 6.1 (3) 2.8 (3) 6.1 (3) 2.8 (3) p,p’-DDE 6.0 6.2 (3) 10.5 (3) 10.5 (3) 6.9 (3) 10.5 (3) 6.9 (3) 

Dieldrin 4.9 2.9 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 4.0 (3) 5.2 (3) 4.0 (3) 

o,p’-DDD 5.4 3.3 (3) 5.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 5.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 

Endrin 4.7 4.0 (3) 7.8 (1) 7.8 (1) 4.9 (1) 7.8 (1) 4.9 (1) 

o,p’-DDT 6.3 3.3 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.3 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.3 (3) cis-Nonachlor 5.6 2.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 3.0 (3) 4.9 (3) 3.0 (3) p,p’-DDD 5.5 3.5 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.8 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.8 (3) p,p’-DDT 6.4 4.4 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 

Methoxychlor 4.6 3.9 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 6.2 (1) 4.5 (1) 6.2 (1) Mirex 6.4 4.9 (3) 7.6 (3) 7.6 (3) 5.0 (3) 7.6 (3) 5.0 (3) 
80

Table C5. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarboconditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depe

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, no value available.]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Jo

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R 

Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) 2.3 (4) 1.6 (1) 1.

Acenaphthene 4.1 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.7 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.Fluorene 4.2 2.3 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.3 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (1) 1.Phenanthrene 4.5 4.0 (1) 4.0 (1) 4.0 (1) 4.0 (1) 3.9 (1) 4.0 (1) 3.Anthracene 4.7 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.0 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.Fluoranthene 4.7 5.9 (1) 5.9 (1) 5.9 (1) 5.9 (1) 4.3 (3) 5.9 (1) 4.Pyrene — 6.6 (3) 6.6 (3) 6.6 (3) 6.6 (3) 5.1 (3) 6.6 (3) 5.Benz[a]anthracene — 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 3.Chrysene — 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 4.0 (3) 6.3 (3) 5.Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 3.4 (3) 5.1 (3) 4.Benzo[a]pyrene — 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 3.5 (3) 5.0 (3) 4.Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 2.3 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 1.9 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.
81

aKSPMD values from Huckins et al. (1999).Table C5. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, no value available.]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

N

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R 

Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.6 (4) 1.6 (1) 1.4 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.4 (1) 1.4 

Acenaphthene 4.1 2.5 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.3 Fluorene 4.2 2.4 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.3 (1) 1.7 (1) 2.3 (1) 1.7 (1) 1.7 Phenanthrene 4.5 3.7 (1) 4.0 (1) 4.0 (1) 3.4 (1) 4.0 (1) 3.4 (1) 3.4 Anthracene 4.7 3.3 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 Fluoranthene 4.7 4.5 (3) 5.9 (1) 5.9 (1) 4.6 (3) 5.9 (1) 4.6 (3) 4.6 Pyrene — 5.2 (3) 6.6 (3) 6.6 (3) 5.2 (3) 6.6 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 Benz[a]anthracene — 3.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 Chrysene — 4.6 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.3 (3) 5.1 (3) 6.3 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 3.3 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.4 Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 4.0 (3) 5.1 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 Benzo[a]pyrene — 3.9 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 4.3 (3) 5.0 (3) 4.3 (3) 4.3 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.2 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.2 (3) 4.2 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.4 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.4 (3) 2.4 
82
83

APPENDIX D

Suspended and Dissolved Organic Carbon

During Low-Flow Conditions, 1997
84
85

a

data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program (Hubbard et al., 1998)

Table D1. Organic carbon measured during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; shaded cells indicate duplicate-sample pairs]

Site Name Site

Number

Data-Collection

Date

Suspended

Organic

Carbon

(mg/L)

Dissolved

Organic

Carbon

(mg/L)

Phase 1 Deployment

Bradwood 01 08/04/1997 0.5 2.2

09/08/1997 0.4 1.7

Beaver Army Terminal 02 08/04/1997 0.6 2.0

08/20/1997 0.6a 1.9a

08/20/1997 0.5a 1.8a

09/08/1997 0.3 1.7

Longview 03 08/05/1997 0.6 2.0

09/09/1997 0.3 1.7

Columbia City 04 08/05/1997 0.7 1.9

09/09/1997 0.4 1.6

Willamette River 06 08/06/1997 0.6 1.4

08/19/1997 0.6a 1.4a

09/10/1997 0.3 1.3

09/10/1997 0.5 1.3

Johnson Creek 08 08/06/1997 0.5 1.4

09/10/1997 0.4 1.4

Umatilla 10 09/15/1997 0.3 1.7

Yakima River 11 08/11/1997 1.2 2.1

09/15/1997 0.5 1.8

09/15/1997 0.5 2.0

Lower Crab Creek 12 08/11/1997 1.9 4.1

09/16/1997 0.3 4.0

Snake River 13 08/14/1997 0.4a 1.8a

08/14/1997 0.4a 1.7a

09/18/1997 0.5a 1.8a

Vernita Bridge 14 08/12/1997 0.4a 1.8a

Wenatchee River 15 08/13/1997 0.5 0.8

09/16/1997 0.3 0.9

Northport 16 08/20/1997 0.2a 1.3a

Phase 2 Deployment

Warrendale 09 10/29/1997 <0.2a 1.4a
86
87

APPENDIX E

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in Field

Blanks During High-flow Conditions, 1998
88

Table E1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in fie

exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, rep

picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural backgroun

contamination; NR, not reported; shaded columns indicates tributary site]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 14

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR

 Total Tetra NR NR NR

1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR

 Total Penta NR NR NR

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR

 Total Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR

 Total Hepta NR 1.8 NR

Octa NR 6.1 NR

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR

Total Tetra NR NR NR

1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR

2,3,4,7,8-Penta NR NR NR

Total Penta NR NR NR

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR

2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR

Total Hexa NR NR NR

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta NR NR NR

Total Hepta NR NR NR

Octa NR NR NR
89

Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks

exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River

Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries);

concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries

(when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but

not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures

of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette Rivera

(101)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 14

4 & 10 NR NR NR

7 &9 NR 0.51 0.08

6 NR NR NR

5 & 8 0.91 NR NR

19 NR NR NR

18 NR 0.84 NR

17 &15 NR 0.46 NR

24 & 27 NR NR NR

16 & 32 NR 0.53 NR

29 NR NR NR

26 NR 0.12 NR

25 NR 0.16 NR

31 & 28 NR 1.4 NR

20 & 33 & 53 NR ≥ 0.77 NR

51 & 22 NR ≥0.31 NR

45 0.64 0.14 NR

46 NR NR NR

52 NR 0.99 NR

43 & 49a NR 0.76 NR

47 & 48 NR 0.68 NR

44 NR 0.72 NR

42 NR 0.25 NR

41 & 64 NR 0.66 NR

40 0.66 NR NR

67 NR NR NR

63 NR NR NR

74 NR 0.17 NR

70 & 76 NR 0.47 NR

66 & 95 NR NR NR

91 NR NR NR

56 & 60 NR 0.11 NR

92 NR 0.13 NR

84 NR NR NR

101 NR 0.43 NR
90

99b 4.7 NR NR

119 NR NR NR

83 NR NR NR

97 NR NR NR

81 & 87 0.52 ≥0.16 0.60

85 NR — NR

136 NR NR NR

110 NR 0.27 NR

82 NR NR NR

151 NR NR NR

135 & 144 & 124 NR NR NR

147 & 107 NR NR NR

123 & 149 NR 0.17 NR

118 NR 0.21 NR

134 NR NR NR

114 & 131 & 122 0.78 NR 1.0

146 NR NR NR

153 & 132 & 105 NR ≥0.16 NR

141 & 179 NR NR NR

176 & 130 & 137 NR NR NR

138 & 158 NR NR NR

129 & 178 0.52 NR 0.79

182 & 187 NR NR NR

183 NR NR NR

128 NR NR NR

167 NR NR NR

185 NR NR NR

174 NR NR NR

177 NR NR NR

171 & 202 & 156 NR ≥0.12 NR

173 & 201 & 157 NR NR NR

172 & 197 NR NR NR

180 & 193 NR ≥0.19 NR

191 NR NR NR

200 0.04 NR 0.05

170 & 190 NR NR NR

Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks

exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River

Basin, 1998—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries);

concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries

(when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but

not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures

of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette Rivera

(101)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 14
91

a

 Suspected interference.

b Interference from target pesticides or surrogate compound.

198 NR NR NR

199 NR NR NR

196 & 203 NR NR NR

189 0.1 NR NR

208 & 195 NR NR NR

207 0.07 NR 0.09

194 NR NR NR

205 NR NR NR

206 NR NR NR

209 NR 0.14 NR

Total quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 9.0 ≥12. 2.6

Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks

exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River

Basin, 1998—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries);

concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries

(when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but

not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures

of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette Rivera

(101)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 14
92

Table E3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed du

high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations,

reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for

procedural background contamination; NR, not reported; shaded column indicates tributary site; —, no value available;

see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No.

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 14

 37 — 51. —

 81 NR NR NR

 77 6.7 9. 8.7

126 NR NR NR

169 NR NR NR
93

Table E4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in field blanks expose

high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in na

(10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; NR, no

shaded column indicates tributary sites]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 11 Site 14

Hexachlorobenzene 2. NR 6. NR

Pentachloroanisole NR NR NR NR

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR

Lindane NR NR NR NR

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR

Heptachlor NR 0.7 NR NR

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR

Aldrin NR NR NR NR

Dacthal NR NR NR NR

Oxychlordane NR NR NR NR

Heptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR NR

trans-Chlordane 3. 2. NR 4.

trans-Nonachlor NR 0.7 NR 5.

o,p’-DDE NR NR NR NR

cis-Chlordane 3. 2. NR NR

p,p’-DDE NR NR NR 3.

Dieldrin NR NR NR NR

o,p’-DDD NR NR NR NR

Endrin NR NR NR NR

o,p’-DDT NR NR NR NR

cis-Nonachlor NR NR NR NR

p,p’-DDD NR NR NR 2.

p,p’-DDT NR NR NR 2.

Methoxychlor NR NR NR NR

Mirex NR NR NR NR
94

Table E5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during

high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported

in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background

contamination; NR, not reported; shaded columns indicate tributary sites]

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Willamette River

(101)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Site 02 Site 06 Site 11 Site 14

Naphthalene 80. 72. 120. 70.

Acenaphthylene NR NR NR NR

Acenaphthene 20. 4. NR NR

Fluorene 20. 6. NR NR

Phenanthrene 50. 24. 70. 30.

Anthracene 20. NR 80. 30.

Fluoranthene NR 11. NR 20.

Pyrene NR 15. NR NR

Benz[a]anthracene NR NR NR NR

Chrysene NR NR NR NR

Benzo[b]fluoranthene NR NR NR NR

Benzo[k]fluoranthene NR NR NR NR

Benzo[a]pyrene NR NR NR NR

Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene NR NR NR NR

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene NR NR NR NR

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene NR NR NR NR
95

APPENDIX F

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in

SPMDs During High-Flow Conditions, 1998
96
97

Table F1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in th

River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, a

surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sin brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnso

Cree

(—)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 0

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Total Tetra 11. 13. 14. [7] NR 17. NR NR [—] NR 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Total Penta 1.6 2.2 3.2 [37] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 4.8 

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Total Hexa 4.9 4.9 NR [—] NR 4.2 NR NR [—] NR 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 3.9 NR NR [—] NR 4.2 7.1 NR [—] 27. 

Total Hepta 7.2 6.1 5.7 [6] NR 8.6 12. 15. [22] 45. 

Octa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 110. 

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 2.9c 4.9c 4.2c [—] 2.1c 2.3c NR NR [—] NR 

Total Tetra 14. 30. 24. [22] 8.5 17. 9.0 NR [—] 15. 

1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

2,3,4,7,8-Penta NR 0.7 NR [—] NR 0.8 NR NR [—] NR 

Total Penta 1.7 11. 7.0 [44] 5.0 10. NR NR [—] NR 

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Total Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Total Hepta NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Octa NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 
98

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 

4 & 10 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

7 & 9 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

6 NQ 0.28 0.21 [29] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

5 & 8 NQ 4.0 NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] ND 

19 1.1 2.2 1.8 [20] 0.85 1.4 NQ NQ [—] 1.3 

18 2.7 4.1 4.4 [7] 3.2 2.9 1.3 1.5 [14] 4 

17 & 15 1.6 2.6 2.2 [17] 2.1 1.5 0.93 1 [7] 3.2 24 & 27 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ 0.11 [—] 0.81 16 & 32 1.1 2.3 2.1 [9] 1.3 1.3 1 1.1 [10] 4.1 

29 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] 4.6 26 NQ 1.0 0.95 [5] 0.57 0.85 0.49 0.64 [27] 0.63 25 NQ 5.1 4.4 [15] NQ 5.4 ND ND [—] ND 

31 & 28 NQ 6.6 6.1 [8] NQ 5.1 NQ NQ [—] 7.8 

20 & 33 & 53 NQ 2.6 2.3 [12] NQ 1.7 NQ NQ [—] 2.3 

51 & 22 0.54 1.1 0.94 [16] 0.53 0.89 NQ NQ [—] 2.22 

45 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 0.34 0.43 [23] 1.6 46 0.86 NQ 0.72 [—] NQ 0.90 ND NQ [—] ND 

52 4.3 7.8 7.6 [3] NQ 6.1 2.8 3.5 [22] 30 

43 & 49c NQ b NQ b NQ b [—] NQ b NQ b ≥1.8 ≥2.2 [—] ≥10. 

47 & 48 5.0 4.6 6.8 [39] 4.1 5.1 1.17 1.44 [21] 8.4 

44 2.8 4.2 4.2 [<1] 2.6 4.0 NQ 2.1 [—] 14 

42 2.4 3.2 3.1 [3] 2.0 2.8 0.79 0.97 [20] 4 

41 & 64 3.5 4.5 4.4 [2] 2.9 3.5 ≥0.83 ≥0.90 [—] 7.1 

40 NQ 19 13 [38] 7.2 NQ 0.38 0.41 [8] 5.4 67 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ 0.37 [—] 3.3 63 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ 0.37 [—] 5.9 74 2.6 2.1 2.1 [<1] 2.0 2.2 0.57 0.58 [2] 2.6 

70 & 76 2.0 2.9 2.5 [15] 1.7 2.9 NQ NQ [—] 11 

66 & 95 2.4 3.6 2.9 [22] 1.8 3.2 ≥1.5 3.4 [—] 26.6 

91 NQ NQ 0.97 [—] NQ NQ 0.52 0.5 [4] 4.2 

56 & 60 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 0.42 0.48 [13] 2.3 

92 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 0.53 0.6 [12] 4.5 84 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 4.2 0.85 1.1 [26] 12 

101 3.2 4.8 4.6 [4] 2.1 4.1 1.8 2.2 [20] 21 

99d NQ a NQ a NQ a [—] NQ a NQ a 0.78 0.88 [12] 8.1 

119 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] NQ 
99

83 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ ND [—] 2 

97 1.2 1.6 1.3 [21] NQ 1.5 0.48 0.56 [15] 5.3 

81 & 87 1.4 2.3 1.9 [19] NQ 2.0 NQ NQ [—] ≥7.7 

85 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ — — [—] — 

136 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 0.33 0.15 [75] 2.4 110 6.3 7.1 8.0 [12] NQ 6.4 1.3 1.4 [7] 13 

82 1.6 1.2 1.2 [<1] 0.61 1.1 0.41 0.43 [5] 8.9 

151 1.6 2.3 2 [14] 1.0 1.5 NQ NQ [—] 4.2 

135 & 144 & 124 1.6 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 5.5 

147 & 107 1.8 0.70 0.48 [37] 0.69 0.63 NQ ≥0.19 [—] 2.84 123 & 149 NQ 1.1 0.59 [60] NQ NQ NQ 1 [—] 9.8 

118 2.0 2.5 2.6 [4] 1.3 2.2 NQ NQ [—] 9.8 134 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] 0.27 

114 & 131 & 122 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

146 NQ NQ 1.2 [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 1.5 

153 & 132 & 105 3.3 5.5 5.5 [<1] NQ 3.6 ≥0.81 ≥0.77 [—] 22.2 

141 & 179 NQ 1.1 0.98 [12] NQ 0.82 NQ NQ [—] 7.1 

176 & 130 & 137 NQ NQ NQ [—] 1.3 NQ ND ND [—] NQ 

138 & 158 2.5 4.7 4.0 [16] NQ 3.5 NQ NQ [—] 9.1 

129 & 178 NQ NQ 2.4 [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

182 & 187 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] NQ 

183 NQ 0.32 0.46 [36] NQ 0.28 NQ 0.13 [—] 1.5 128 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 1.3 167 1.2 1.7 1.6 [6] 1.0 NQ ND NQ [—] 0.35 185 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

174 NQ 0.44 0.27 [48] NQ NQ 0.22 0.28 [24] 2.5 

177 NQ 0.38 0.26 [38] NQ 0.27 NQ NQ [—] 2 

171 & 202 & 156 0.75 1.2 1.1 [9] 0.53 0.94 ≥0.30 ≥0.31 [—] 1.03 173 & 201 & 157 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

172 & 197 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ≥0.22 

180 & 193 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ ≥1.4 [—] ≥2.1 

191 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND 0.16 [—] ND 

200 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] 1.2 

170 & 190 NQ 0.27 0.24 [12] NQ NQ ND NQ [—] 2.1 

198 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] NQ 199 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.63 

196 & 203 NQ 0.10 0.10 [<1] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.53 

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 
100

189 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

208 & 195 NQ NQ 0.05 [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] 0.13 

207 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

194 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ ND [—] 0.39 

205 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ ND [—] NQ 206 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

209 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ ND ND [—] ND 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 61 123 115 41 85 ≥23 ≥34 ≥341 

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 
101

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Northport

(735)

Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16

4 & 10 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

7 & 9 NQ NQ NQ 0.15 NQ [—] NQ NQ

6 NQ 0.08 NQ 0.19 NQ [—] NQ NQ

5 & 8 NQ NQ NQ 2.6 NQ [—] NQ NQ

19 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ18 2.4 2.8 3.9 2.5 NQ [—] NQ 3.1

17 & 15 0.9 0.98 NQ 1.1 NQ [—] NQ 0.8424 & 27 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ16 & 32 NQ 0.92 NQ 1.2 NQ [—] NQ NQ

29 0.05 0.11 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ26 0.42 0.4 NQ 0.57 0.52 [9] NQ NQ25 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

31 & 28 3.4 NQ NQ 5 3.3 [41] NQ NQ

20 & 33 & 53 0.95 1.5 NQ 2.1 NQ [—] NQ NQ

51 & 22 0.52 0.78 NQ 1 0.63 [45] NQ NQ

45 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ46 0.41 0.54 NQ 0.47 0.33 [35] NQ 0.3752 3.7 3.5 NQ 5.1 3.7 [32] NQ NQ

43 & 49c NQ b NQ b NQ b NQ b NQ b [—] NQ b NQ b

47 & 48 3.4 2.8 3.6 4.5 3.8 [17] NQ NQ

44 2.1 2.3 NQ 3.3 2.4 [32] NQ 2.042 1.4 1.3 NQ 2.9 2.3 [23] NQ NQ

41 & 64 2.0 1.8 NQ 3.1 2.4 [25] NQ 0.92

40 NQ 4.3 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ67 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ63 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ74 0.64 1.0 NQ 2.5 1.8 [33] NQ NQ

70 & 76 1.0 2.3 NQ 3.4 2.3 [39] NQ NQ66 & 95 1.4 2.8 NQ 2.9 2 [37] NQ NQ

91 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

56 & 60 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

92 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 0.6184 NQ NQ NQ 5.6 6 [7] NQ 1.4

101 1.5 4.3 NQ 3.7 2.5 [39] NQ NQ

99d NQ a NQ a NQ a NQ a NQ a [—] NQ a NQ a

119 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ
102

83 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

97 0.95 1.2 0.90 1.7 1 [52] NQ 0.54

81 & 87 1.8 2.0 NQ 2.5 NQ [—] NQ NQ

85 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

136 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ110 NQ NQ 2.7 3 NQ [—] NQ 2.0

82 1.4 1.4 5.0 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

151 2.9 4.0 5.7 1.3 NQ [—] NQ 1.2

135 & 144 & 124 NQ NQ 0.73 0.78 NQ [—] NQ 0.65

147 & 107 1.3 1.5 1.9 0.92 0.87 [6] NQ 0.63123 & 149 1.0 2.4 2.8 0.93 NQ [—] NQ NQ

118 2.3 2.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 [27] NQ 0.69134 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

114 & 131 & 122 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] 6.8 NQ

146 NQ NQ 0.99 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

153 & 132 & 105 NQ 4.6 NQ 4.1 NQ [—] NQ NQ

141 & 179 NQ 1.2 NQ 0.74 NQ [—] NQ NQ

176 & 130 & 137 2.3 2.9 3.8 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

138 & 158 2.2 2.4 3.0 1.9 NQ [—] NQ 1.2129 & 178 NQ 1.6 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ182 & 187 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

183 0.69 NQ 0.92 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ128 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 0.68167 2.3 2.6 4.0 1.5 1.4 [7] NQ 0.66185 0.07 0.17 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 0.05174 NQ 0.58 NQ 0.2 NQ [—] NQ NQ177 0.25 0.57 NQ 0.16 NQ [—] NQ NQ

171 & 202 & 156 0.90 1.1 0.73 0.81 0.79 [3] NQ 0.59173 & 201 & 157 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

172 & 197 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ180 & 193 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

191 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ200 NQ NQ 0.21 0.18 NQ [—] NQ NQ

170 & 190 NQ 0.38 NQ 0.19 NQ [—] NQ 0.40

198 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ199 NQ 0.13 NQ 0.09 NQ [—] NQ NQ

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Northport

(735)

Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16
103

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated as

bSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results

are presented for informational purposes only.

csuspected interference.dinterference from target pesticides or surrogate compound.

196 & 203 NQ 0.12 NQ 0.12 NQ [—] NQ 0.23

189 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

208 & 195 NQ 0.05 NQ 0.04 NQ [—] NQ 0.11

207 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ194 0.12 0.13 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 0.25205 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ206 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ209 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 47 68 42 77 40 7 19

Table F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicabrackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Northport

(735)

Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
104

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informatio

Table F3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Bas[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sshown in brackets, is relative difference between duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 

 37 — — — [—] — — 0.17 NR [—] NR 

 81 0.003 0.004 0.003 [24] NR 0.004 NR NR [—] NR  77 0.052 0.086 0.076 [12] 0.039 0.079 0.043 0.042 [2] 0.19 126 0.002 0.004 0.003 [15] 0.002 0.003 NR NR [—] 0.016 

169 NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR 

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Northport

(388)

Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 14 Site 16

 37 — — — — — [—] —

 81 NR NR NR 0.004 0.005 [17] NR

 77 0.037 0.039 0.049 0.065 0.082 [23] NR

126 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.003 [25] 0.001169 NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
105

Table F4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Colum[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, showbetween duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 

Hexachlorobenzene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Pentachloroanisole 11. 8. 8. [<1] 4. 17. 13. 19. [38] 

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Lindane NR NR NR [—] NR NR 10. 15. [40] 

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Heptachlor NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 4. NR NR [—] 3. 3. NR NR [—] Aldrin NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Dacthal NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Oxychlordane NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

Heptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

trans-Chlordane NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] trans-Nonachlor NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] o,p’-DDE NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] cis-Chlordane NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR 3.8 [—] p,p’-DDE 35. 60. 55. [9] 31. 31. 11. 13. [17] 

Dieldrin 4. 3. 3. [<1] 4. 6. 5.6 6.3 [12] 

o,p’-DDD 8. 10. 9. [11] 6. 7. 1.5 1.8 [18] 

Endrin NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 

o,p’-DDT 9. 7. 5. [33] NR 7. NR NR [—] cis-Nonachlor NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] p,p’-DDD 23. 30. 26. [14] NR 21. 3.8 3.7 [3] p,p’-DDT NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] Methoxychlor NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] Mirex NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR [—] 
106

aPercent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informatiocSecond sample of duplicate pair was analyzed prior to final concentration step; minimum reporting limits were thus higher than for first sample of duplicate pair.Table F4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Colu

1998—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, showbetween duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Snake Riverb

(324)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Riverc

(388)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 13 Site 11 Site 14 

Hexachlorobenzene NR NR 38. NR NR [—] NR NR [—] 

Pentachloroanisole 4. 4. 8. NR NR [—] 4. NR [—] alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Lindane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] beta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Heptachlor NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] delta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR 5. 13. 7. NR [—] NR NR [—] Aldrin NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Dacthal NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Oxychlordane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Heptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] 

trans-Chlordane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] trans-Nonachlor NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] o,p’-DDE NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] cis-Chlordane NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] p,p’-DDE 79. 68. 92. 240. 250. [4] 99. 79. [22] 

Dieldrin 4. 4. 10. 98. 90. [9] NR NR [—] 

o,p’-DDD 12. 12. 10. 19. 17. [11] 17. NR [—] 

Endrin NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] 

o,p’-DDT 4. 6. NR 16. 15. [6] 5. NR [—] cis-Nonachlor NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] p,p’-DDD 38. 32. 24. 49. 46. [6] 56. 51. [9] p,p’-DDT NR NR NR 59. 58. [2] NR NR [—] 

Methoxychlor NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] Mirex NR NR 38. NR NR [—] NR NR [—] 

RD V1 V2 –

V1 V2 ( ) + ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
107

Table F5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, 

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shobetween duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake

River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

Naphthalene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—

Acenaphthylene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—Acenaphthene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR 290. 140. [70Fluorene NR 40. 40. [<1] NR NR NR 180. 95. [62Phenanthrene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR 530. 380. [33

Anthracene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR 130. 85. [42

Fluoranthene 430. 960. 860. [11] 370. 380. 400. 360. 430. [18

Pyrene 360. 710. 680. [4] 220. 490. 350. 460. 480. [4

Benz[a]anthracene NR 100. 80. [22] NR 40. NR 42. 40. [5

Chrysene 100. 250. 230. [8] 60. 110. 70. 79. 84. [6Benzo[b]fluoranthene NR 60. 60. [<1] NR NR NR NR 35. [—Benzo[k]fluoranthene NR 40. NR [—] NR NR NR NR 15. [—

Benzo[a]pyrene NR NR 70. [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—Dibenz[a,h]anthracene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR NR NR [—
108

Percent relative difference between two values, V1 and V2, is calculated asbSPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analytical results are presented for informati

Table F5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, a

(when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, showbetween duplicate pairs, in percenta]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

 Northport

(735)

Duplicates RD Duplicates RD

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 16

Naphthalene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR

Acenaphthylene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRAcenaphthene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRFluorene 40 NR 100 80 [22] NR NR [—] NR

Phenanthrene NR NR 280 250 [11] NR NR [—] NRAnthracene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR

Fluoranthene 460 200 230 210 [9] 310 290 [7] 230

Pyrene 240 110 90 90 [<1] 130 110 [17] 70

Benz[a]anthracene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR

Chrysene 90 40 NR NR [—] 80 60 [29] 40Benzo[b]fluoranthene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRBenzo[k]fluoranthene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRBenzo[a]pyrene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRIndeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRDibenz[a,h]anthracene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NRBenzo[g,h,i]perylene NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR

RD V1 V2 –

V1 + V2 ( ) ⁄ 2

=

------------------------------

⋅ 100
109

APPENDIX G

Estimated Dissolved Concentrations of

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds During High-flow

Conditions, 1998
110

Table G1. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow co

Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated using equation (3) and afemtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling rates used in calculations ar

umns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Northport

(735)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra — — — — — ——————

Total Tetra 90 100 — 100 — — 20 60 40 100 20

1,2,3,7,8-Penta — — — — — ——————

Total Penta 20 30 — — — — — 10 — — —

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa — — — — — ——————1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa — — — — — 200 — — — — —

1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa — — — — — ——————

Total Hexa 200 200 — 200 — ——————

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 100 — — 200 300 1,000 — ————

Total Hepta 300 200 — 300 400 2,000 — — — — 300

Octa — — — — — 10,000 — — — — 6,000

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 20 30 10 10 — — 10 20 20 10 —

Total Tetra 70 200 50 100 50 80 30 100 80 80 20

1,2,3,7,8-Penta — — — — — ——————

2,3,4,7,8-Penta — 5 — 5 — ——————

Total Penta 10 70 30 70 — — 40 80 10 30 4

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa — — — — — ——————1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa — — — — — ——————1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa — — — — — ——————2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa — — — — — ——————

Total Hexa — — — — — ——————

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta — — — — — ——————1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta — — — — — ——————

Total Hepta — — — — — ——————

Octa — — — — — ——————
111

Table G2. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions 

Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported for individually qto one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coeffici

and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Wen

R

(4

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Sit

 6 — 2 — — — — — — 0.5 1 

 19 10 20 8 10 — 10 — — — —  18 10 20 20 20 7 20 10 10 10 10  26 — 5 3 4 2 312 23  25 — 30 — 30 — ——— ——  45 — — — — 1 6—— ——  46 6 — — 6 — —23 33  52 20 40 — 30 10 100 8 20 10 20  44 10 20 10 20 — 50 8 8 8 10  42 10 10 9 10 4 20 — 6 6 10  40 — 80 30 — 2 20 20 — 20 —  67 — — — — — 20 — — — —  63 — — — — — 30 — — — —  74 10 10 9 10 3 10 2 3 4 10  91 — — — — 3 30 — — — — 

 92 — — — — 3 20 — — — — 

 84 — — — 30 5 80 20 — — 40 101 10 20 10 20 8 100 8 7 20 20  99 — — — — 5 50 — — — — 119 — — — — — ——— —— 

 83 — — — — — 10 — — — —  97 8 10 — 10 3 30 4 6 7 10 

 85 — — — — — ——— —— 136 — — — — 2 10 — — — — 110 30 40 — 30 6 60 — — — 10  82 10 8 4 7 3 60 — 9 8 — 151 9 10 5 8 — 20 10 20 20 7 118 10 10 8 10 — 60 7 10 20 10 
112

134 — — — — — 2—— —— 

146 — — — — — 9—— —— 183 — 3 — 3 — 10 — 6 — — 128 — — — — — 8—— —— 174 — 4 — — 2 20 — — 5 2 177 — 3 — 2 — 20 — 2 5 1 199 — — — — — 10 — — 2 1 207 — — — — — ——— —— 194 — — — — — 8— 3 3— 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted

PCBs 200 300 100 300 70 1,000 100 100 200 200 

Table G2. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions 

Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported for individually qto one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coeffici

and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Wen

R

(4

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Sit
113

Table G3. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Colum[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated using equation (3) and apicograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling rates used in calculations ar

umns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A fgeners]

Congener No. Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Northport

(735)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16

 37 — — — — 0.8 ——— ———

 81 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — — — — — 0.02 — 77 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 1 — 0.2 0.2 0.4 —

126 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 — 0.1 0.009 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01169 — — — — — ——— ———
114

Table G4. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow condition1998[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significant digit, in picograms 

absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima

River

(335)

Vernita

Bridge

(388)

Lo

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 S

Hexachlorobenzene ———— — 200 — — — — — Pentachloroanisole 60 50 20 100 70 600 20 20 20 — 20 alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane ———— — ——— — — — Lindane ———— 1,000 2,000 — — — — — beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ———— — ——— — — — Heptachlor ———— — ——— — — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ———— — ——— — — — Aldrin ———— — ——— — — — Dacthal ———— — ——— — — — Oxychlordane ———— — ——— — — — Heptachlor Epoxide ———— — 30 — — — — — 

trans-Chlordane ———— — 100 — — — — — trans-Nonachlor ———— — 100 — — — — — o,p’-DDE ———— — 80 — — — — — cis-Chlordane ———— — 200 — — — — — p,p’-DDE 200 300 200 200 60 1,000 200 400 300 1,000 500 

Dieldrin 40 30 40 60 90 2,000 40 40 30 700 — 

o,p’-DDD 70 90 60 70 10 200 50 100 100 200 200 

Endrin ———— — 20 — — — — — 

o,p’-DDT 80 60 — 70 — 400 — 40 40 100 50 cis-Nonachlor ———— — ——— — — — p,p’-DDD 200 300 — 200 40 500 200 300 300 400 500 p,p’-DDT ———— — ——— — 300 — 

Methoxychlor ———— — ——— — — — Mirex ———— — ——— — — — 
115

Table G5. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow condi

the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one signific

picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, an

used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table H2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate 

used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver

Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia

City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette

River

(101)

Johnson

Creek

(—)

Hayden

Island

(102)

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Y

R

(

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 S

Acenaphthylene — — — — — — ——— — 

Acenaphthene — — — — — 6,000 ——— — 

Fluorene — 800 — — — 3,000 — — 800 — 2

Phenanthrene — — — — — 6,000 4,000 — — — 4

Anthracene — — — — — 1,000 ——— — 

Fluoranthene 3,000 6,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 2

Pyrene 2,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 2,000 3,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 600 

Benz[a]anthracene — 800 — 300 — 300 1,000 — — — 

Chrysene 600 2,000 400 800 400 600 4,000 300 600 200 

Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 500 — — — — 1,000 — — — 

Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 300 — — — — 600 — — — 

Benzo[a]pyrene — — — — — — 500 — — — 

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — 200 — — — 

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — ——— — 

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — — — — — — 500 — — — 
116
117

APPENDIX H

Partition Coefficients, Sampling Rates, and

Equations used to Estimate Dissolved

Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During

High-Flow Conditions, 1998
118

Table H1. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and r

products during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available.]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson Creek

(—)

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used 

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 2.6 (3) 2.6 (3) 

Pentachloroanisole 4.9 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 1.2 (4) 1.2 (4) 1.2 (4) 1.2 (4) 0.9 (4) 0.9 (4) Lindane 3.2 0.9 (4) 0.9 (4) 0.9 (4) 0.9 (4) 0.7 (4) 0.7 (4) beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Heptachlor 5.6 — — —————— 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.6 — — — — — — — — — — — —

Aldrin 6.0 — — —————— — — — —Dacthal 3.9 1.2 (1) 1.2 (1) 1.2 (1) 1.2 (1) 0.6 (3) 0.6 (3) 

Oxychlordane — — — —————— — — — —

Heptachlor Epoxide 4.5 3.3 (1) 3.3 (1) 3.3 (1) 3.3 (1) 2.9 (1) 2.9 (1) 

trans-Chlordane 5.7 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) trans-Nonachlor 5.8 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) o,p’-DDE 5.5 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) cis-Chlordane 5.6 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) p,p’-DDE 6.0 6.2 (3) 6.2 (3) 6.2 (3) 6.2 (3) 5.5 (3) 5.5 (3) 

Dieldrin 4.9 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 1.8 (3) 1.8 (3) 

o,p’-DDD 5.4 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 

Endrin 4.7 4.0 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 

o,p’-DDT 6.3 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) cis-Nonachlor 5.6 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) p,p’-DDD 5.5 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) p,p’-DDT 6.4 4.4 (3) 4.4 (3) 4.4 (3) 4.4 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 

Methoxychlor 4.6 3.9 (1) 3.9 (1) 3.9 (1) 3.9 (1) 1.5 (3) 1.5 (3) Mirex 6.4 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.7 (3) 4.7 (3) 
119

Table H1. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and r

products during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued

aKSPMD values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation KSPMD = 0.3Kow (Huckins et al., 1993); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science C

on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available.]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used 

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.1 (3) 5.6 (3) 3.1 (3) 

Pentachloroanisole 4.9 5.0 (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 5.0 (3) 9.5 (1) 5.0 (3) alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 1.2 (4) 1.4 (4) 1.4 (4) 1.2 (4) 2.7 (4) 1.2 (4) Lindane 3.2 0.9 (4) 1.1 (4) 1.1 (4) 0.9 (4) 1.7 (4) 0.9 (4) beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.3 — — — — — ——— — — — —

Heptachlor 5.6 — — — — — ——— — — — —delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.6 — — — — — ——— — — — —Aldrin 6.0 — — — — — ——— — — — —Dacthal 3.9 1.2 (1) 1.8 (1) 1.8 (1) 1.2 (1) 1.9 (1) 1.2 (1) 

Oxychlordane — — — — — — ——— — — — —

Heptachlor Epoxide 4.5 3.3 (1) 3.6 (1) 3.6 (1) 3.3 (1) 8.3 (1) 3.3 (1) 

trans-Chlordane 5.7 3.3 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.1 (3) 3.3 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.3 (3) trans-Nonachlor 5.8 3.2 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 3.2 (3) 5.7 (3) 3.2 (3) o,p’-DDE 5.5 3.5 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.5 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.5 (3) cis-Chlordane 5.6 3.3 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 3.3 (3) 6.1 (3) 3.3 (3) p,p’-DDE 6.0 6.2 (3) 6.9 (3) 6.9 (3) 6.2 (3) 10.5 (3) 6.2 (3) 

Dieldrin 4.9 2.9 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 (3) 2.9 (3) 5.2 (3) 2.9 (3) 

o,p’-DDD 5.4 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 5.5 (3) 3.3 (3) 

Endrin 4.7 4.0 (3) 4.9 (1) 4.9 (1) 4.0 (3) 7.8 (1) 4.0 (3) 

o,p’-DDT 6.3 3.3 (3) 4.3 (3) 4.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 4.5 (3) 3.3 (3) cis-Nonachlor 5.6 2.9 (3) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (3) 2.9 (3) 4.9 (3) 2.9 (3) p,p’-DDD 5.5 3.5 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.5 (3) 6.3 (3) 3.5 (3) p,p’-DDT 6.4 4.4 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 4.4 (3) 5.6 (3) 4.4 (3) 

Methoxychlor 4.6 3.9 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 3.9 (1) 4.5 (1) 3.9 (1) Mirex 6.4 4.9 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.0 (3) 4.9 (3) 7.6 (3) 4.9 (3) 
120

Table H2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarb

high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depe

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

Jo

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R 

Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) 1.4 (1) 2.3 (4) 2.3 

Acenaphthene 4.1 2.5 (1) 2.5 (1) 2.5 (1) 2.5 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.7 (1) 2.7 Fluorene 4.2 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 3.0 Phenanthrene 4.5 3.7 (1) 3.7 (1) 3.7 (1) 3.7 (1) 3.4 (1) 3.9 (1) 3.9 Anthracene 4.7 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.0 (3) 3.0 Fluoranthene 4.7 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.3 (3) 4.3 Pyrene — 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 Benz[a]anthracene — 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 Chrysene — 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 5.1 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 4.0 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.4 Benzo[a]pyrene — 3.9 (3) 3.9 (3) 3.9 (3) 3.9 (3) 4.3 (3) 3.5 (3) 3.5 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 4.2 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 3.3 (3) 2.3 (3) 2.3 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.4 (3) 1.9 (3) 1.9 
121

aKSPMD values from Huckins et al. (1999).Table H2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 

conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued

[KSPMD, SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); R, temperature-depend

based on laboratory data (Huckins et al., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available]

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Northport

(735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 16

log

KSPMDa R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used R Equation Used

Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.4 (1) 1.4 (1) 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4)

Acenaphthene 4.1 2.5 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.3 (1) 2.5 (1) 2.5 (1)Fluorene 4.2 2.4 (1) 1.7 (1) 1.7 (1) 2.4 (1) 2.4 (1)Phenanthrene 4.5 3.7 (1) 3.4 (1) 3.4 (1) 3.7 (1) 3.7 (1)Anthracene 4.7 3.3 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3)Fluoranthene 4.7 4.5 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3)Pyrene — 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3) 5.2 (3)Benz[a]anthracene — 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3)Chrysene — 4.6 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3)Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 3.3 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.4 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3)Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.0 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3)Benzo[a]pyrene — 3.9 (3) 4.3 (3) 4.3 (3) 3.9 (3) 3.9 (3)Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 4.2 (3) 4.2 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3)Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 3.3 (3) 3.3 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3)Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.4 (3) 2.4 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3)
122
123

APPENDIX I

Estimated Total Concentrations of

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Compounds During High-flow

Conditions, 1998
124

Table I1. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditio

the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

 values are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrusing equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in femtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; p

concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calinformation required for calculation is not available]

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson Creek

(—)

Hayde

(1

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60b 2.60 2.90 2

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Total Tetra 6.4 700 88% 800 88% — — 1,000 87% — — — — 20

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Total Penta 6.9 400 96% 600 96% — — — — — — — — —

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — 20,000 99% — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.6c —— —— —— —— — — — — —

Total Hexa 7.6 20,000 99% 20,000 99% — — 20,000 99% — — — — —

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6c 20,000 99% — — — — 20,000 99% 30,000 99% 100,000 99% — 

Total Hepta 7.6 30,000 99% 30,000 99% — — 40,000 99% 50,000 99% 200,000 99% — 

Octa 7.8 — — — — — — — — — — 2,000,000 99% — 

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.7 40 60% 60 59% 30 57% 30 57% — — — — 2

Total Tetra 5.7 200 60% 400 59% 100 57% 200 57% 100 57% 200 60% 7

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — —2,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — 20 78% — — 20 77% — — — — —

Total Penta 6.1 50 79% 300 78% 100 77% 300 77% — — — — 20

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Total Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Total Hepta 6.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Octa 7.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
125

aKoc values were estimated using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981); except where noted otherwise, Kow values were taken from Gale et al. (1997); K

estimated from the average Kow values of the individual congeners quantified.

bApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 9.cKow values from Mackay et al. (1992) (value for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro congener was used to approximate value for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro congener).

Table I1. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditi

Basin, 1998—Continued

[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in femtograms (10-15 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculat

Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Northport

(735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60b 2.20 1.65

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — — — — — — —

Total Tetra 6.4 500 87% 300 87% 600 85% 100 81%

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.9 — — — — — — — —

Total Penta 6.9 300 96% — — — — — —

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — —1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.6c —— —— —— ——

Total Hexa 7.6 — — — — — — — —

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6c —— —— —— ——

Total Hepta 7.6 — — — — — — 20,000 99%

Octa 7.8 — — — — — — 600,000 99%

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.7 50 57% 40 57% 30 53% — —

Total Tetra 5.7 300 57% 200 57% 200 53% 30 46%

1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — — —2,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — — — — —

Total Penta 6.1 400 77% 60 77% 100 74% 10 68%

1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — —1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — —

Total Hexa 6.6 — — — — — — — —

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.0 — — — — — — — —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.5 — — — — — — — —

Total Hepta 6.8 — — — — — — — —

Octa 7.2 — — — — — — — —
126

Table I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River

Basin, 1998

[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

values are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentra using equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; pe

concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calinformation required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson Creek

(—)

Hayde

(1

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.90 2

 6 4.7 — — 2 12% — — — — — — — — —

 19 4.6 10 11% 20 11% 9 10% 10 10% — — 10 11% — 

 18 4.9 20 17% 30 17% 20 16% 20 16% 8 16% 30 17% 20 

 26 5.3 — — 8 34% 4 33% 6 33% 4 33% 5 35% 2 

 25 5.3 — — 40 35% — — 40 33% — — — — —

 45 5.1 — — — — — — — — 2 27% 8 29% — 

 46 5.1 8 28% — — — — 8 27% — — — — 3 

 52 5.5 40 45% 60 44% — — 50 43% 20 43% 300 45% 10 

 44 5.4 20 40% 30 39% 20 38% 20 38% — — 90 40% 10  42 5.4 20 40% 20 40% 10 38% 20 38% 6 38% 30 41% —  40 5.3 — — 100 34% 50 33% — — 2 33% 40 35% 30  67 5.8 — — — — — — — — — — 50 65% —  63 5.8 — — — — — — — — — — 90 64% —  74 5.8 30 65% 30 65% 20 63% 30 63% 7 63% 30 65% 6  91 5.7 — — — — — — — — 8 59% 70 62% —  92 6.0 — — — — — — — — 10 71% 90 73% —  84 5.7 — — — — — — 60 54% 10 54% 200 57% 40 101 6.0 60 74% 80 73% 30 72% 70 72% 30 72% 400 74% 30  99 6.0 — — — — — — — — 20 72% 200 75% — 119 6.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

 83 5.9 — — — — — — — — — — 40 68% — 

 97 5.9 30 70% 30 69% — — 30 68% 10 68% 100 70% 10 

 85 5.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

136 5.8 — — — — — — — — 5 64% 40 66% — 

110 6.1 100 78% 200 78% — — 100 76% 30 76% 300 78% —  82 5.8 30 65% 20 65% 10 63% 20 63% 7 63% 200 65% — 
127

151 6.3 50 84% 70 83% 30 82% 50 82% — — 100 84% 70 

118 6.4 90 87% 100 86% 50 85% 90 85% — — 400 87% 50 134 6.2 — — — — — — — — — — 8 81% — 146 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — 90 90% — 183 6.8 — — 60 95% — — 50 94% — — 300 95% — 128 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — 60 87% — 174 6.7 — — 60 94% — — — — 30 93% 400 94% — 177 6.7 — — 50 93% — — 30 93% — — 300 93% — 199 7.2 — — — — — — — — — — 500 98% — 207 7.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

194 7.4 — — — — — — — — — — 600 99% — 

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 500 1,000 300 700 200 5,000 300

Table I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River

Basin, 1998—Continued

[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

values are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentra using equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; pe

concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calinformation required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson Creek

(—)

Hayde

(1

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Sit

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.90 2
128

Table I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Northport

(735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 2.20 1.70 1.65

6 4.7 — — 0.5 11% 1 9% — — ——

19 4.6 — — — — — — — — ——18 4.9 20 16% 20 16% 20 14% — — 20 11%26 5.3 3 33% 3 33% 4 29% — — ——25 5.3 — — — — — — — — ——45 5.1 — — — — — — — — ——46 5.1 3 27% 4 27% 4 23% — — 3 19%52 5.5 30 43% 30 43% 40 38% — — ——44 5.4 10 38% 10 38% 20 34% — — 10 28%42 5.4 10 38% 9 38% 20 34% — — ——40 5.3 — — 30 33% — — — — ——67 5.8 — — — — — — — — ——63 5.8 — — — — — — — — ——74 5.8 8 63% 10 63% 30 59% — — ——91 5.7 — — — — — — — — ——92 6.0 — — — — — — — — 8 60%84 5.7 — — — — 70 50% — — 20 43%

101 6.0 20 72% 60 72% 50 68% — — ——

99 6.0 — — — — — — — — ——

119 6.2 — — — — — — — — ——

83 5.9 — — — — — — — — ——97 5.9 20 68% 20 68% 30 64% — — 8 57%85 5.9 — — — — — — — — ——

136 5.8 — — — — — — — — ——110 6.1 — — — — 60 73% — — 30 67%

82 5.8 20 63% 20 63% — — — — ——

151 6.3 90 82% 100 82% 30 80% — — 30 75%
129

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values of Meadows et al. (1998) using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981).bValue from high-flow deployment period.cApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 4.

118 6.4 90 85% 100 85% 70 83% — — 20 79%

134 6.2 — — — — — — — — ——146 6.5 — — — — — — — — ——183 6.8 100 94% — — — — — — ——128 6.4 — — — — — — — — 20 79%174 6.7 — — 70 93% 20 92% — — ——177 6.7 30 93% 70 93% 20 92% — — ——199 7.2 — — 90 98% 60 97% — — ——207 7.4 — — — — — — — — ——194 7.4 200 99% 200 99% — — — — 200 98%

Sum of quantified

ortho-substituted PCBs 600 800 500 0 400

Table I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River [Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculato one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentration

centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculatiogeneral chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Wenatchee

River

(468)

Northport

(735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 2.20 1.70 1.65
130

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981).bApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 9.Table I3. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia R[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations wequation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percenta

concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calinformation required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners]

Congener No. Log Koca Bradwood (39) Beaver Army Terminal (54) Longview (69) Columbia City (82) Willamette River (101) Johnson Creek (—) Hayde

(1

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 Si

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60b 2.60 2.90 2

 37 5.4 — — — — — — — — 1 42% — — —

 81 6.0 0.06 73% 0.08 72% — — 0.09 71% — — — — — 77 6.0 1 73% 2 72% 0.8 71% 2 71% 0.9 71% 4 73% — 

126 6.5 0.2 90% 0.3 90% 0.1 89% 0.2 89% — — 1 90% 0.0169 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Congener No. Log Koca Warrendale (141) Umatilla (289) Vernita Bridge (388) Northport (735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60b 2.20 1.65

 37 5.4 — — — — — — — — 81 6.0 — — — — 0.07 67% — — 77 6.0 0.8 71% 0.8 71% 1 67% — —126 6.5 0.2 89% 0.2 89% 0.2 88% 0.07 84%169 7.0 — — — — — — — —
131

Table I4. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow conditions in t1998[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations were and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages followi

the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all inform is not available]

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Willamette River

(101)

Johnson Creek

(—)

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 06 Site 08 

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60b 2.60 2.90 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 — — — — — — — — — — 300 — 

Pentachloroanisole 5.1 90 25% 60 24% 30 23% 100 23% 100 23% 800 25% alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — Lindane 3.3 — — — — — — — — 1,000 1% 2,000 1% 

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Heptachlor 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — Aldrin 6.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — Dacthal 4.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — Oxychlordane — — — — — — — — — — — — — Heptachlor Epoxide 4.6 — — — — — — — — — — 40 10% 

trans-Chlordane 5.8 — — — — — — — — — — 400 66% trans-Nonachlor 6.0 — — — — — — — — — — 500 73% o,p’-DDE 5.6 — — — — — — — — — — 200 54% cis-Chlordane 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — 500 60% p,p’-DDE 6.1 800 79% 1,000 79% 700 78% 700 78% 300 78% 6,000 79% 

Dieldrin 5.0 50 23% 40 22% 50 21% 80 21% 100 21% 3,000 23% 

o,p’-DDD 5.5 100 46% 200 46% 100 44% 100 44% 20 44% 300 47% 

Endrin 4.8 — — — — — — — — — — 20 16% 

o,p’-DDT 6.4 700 88% 500 88% — — 500 87% — — 3,000 88% cis-Nonachlor 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — p,p’-DDD 5.6 400 55% 600 55% — — 400 53% 80 53% 1,000 56% p,p’-DDT 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Methoxychlor 4.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — Mirex 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — 
132

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981); Kow values were obtained from Environmental Science Center S

 on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

bApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 9.Table I4. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow conditions in t1998—Continued[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrations were and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages followi

the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informis not available]

Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Lower Crab Creek

(411)

Wenatchee River

(468)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 12 Site 15 

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60b 3.65 2.20 6.05 1.70 

Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

Pentachloroanisole 5.1 30 23% 30 23% — — 30 20% — — — — alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — Lindane 3.3 — — — — — — —— — — — — beta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.4 — — — — — — —— — — — — Heptachlor 5.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — delta-hexachlorocyclohexane 3.8 — — — — — — —— — — — — Aldrin 6.1 — — — — — — —— — — — — Dacthal 4.0 — — — — — — —— — — — — Oxychlordane — — — — — — — —— — — — — Heptachlor Epoxide 4.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

trans-Chlordane 5.8 — — — — — — —— — — — — trans-Nonachlor 6.0 — — — — — — —— — — — — o,p’-DDE 5.6 — — — — — — —— — — — — cis-Chlordane 5.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — p,p’-DDE 6.1 2,000 78% 1,000 78% 6,000 83% 2,000 75% — — 400 69% 

Dieldrin 5.0 50 21% 40 21% 1,000 27% — — 100 38% — — 

o,p’-DDD 5.5 200 44% 200 44% 400 53% 300 40% — — — — 

Endrin 4.8 — — — — — — —— — — — — 

o,p’-DDT 6.4 300 87% 300 87% 1,000 90% 300 85% — — — — cis-Nonachlor 5.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — p,p’-DDD 5.6 700 53% 500 53% 1,000 61% 1,000 49% — — — — p,p’-DDT 6.5 — — — — 4,000 92% — — — — — — 

Methoxychlor 4.7 — — — — — — —— — — — — Mirex 6.5 — — — — — — —— — — — — 
133

Table I5. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia Rive[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in table J1; total concentrations were calcreported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following conc

total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for 

Log

Koca

Bradwood

(39)

Beaver Army

Terminal

(54)

Longview

(69)

Columbia City

(82)

Lake River

(87)

Willamette River

(101)

John

Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 S

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60b 3.10 2.60 

Acenaphthylene — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

Acenaphthene 3.5 — — — — — — — — — — 7,000 1% Fluorene 3.8 — — 800 2% — — — — — — 3,000 2% Phenanthrene 4.1 — — — — — — — — — — 6,000 3% 5,0

Anthracene 4.1 — — — — — — — — — — 1,000 3% 

Fluoranthene 4.6 3,000 11% 7,000 11% 3,000 10% 3,000 10% 3,000 12% 3,000 10% 5,0Pyrene 4.6 2,000 10% 5,000 10% 1,000 9% 3,000 9% 2,000 11% 3,000 9% 20,0Benz[a]anthracene 5.2 — — 1,000 33% — — 500 31% — — 500 31% 2,0Chrysene 5.2 1,000 33% 2,000 33% 600 31% 1,000 31% 700 35% 800 31% 6,0Benzo[b]fluoranthene 5.8 — — 2,000 65% — — — — — — — — 3,0Benzo[k]fluoranthene — — — — — — — — — — — — — Benzo[a]pyrene 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,0Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — — — — — — — — Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — — — — — — — — Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 6.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4,0
134

aKoc values were estimated from Kow values of Onuska et al. (1989) using the approximation Koc = 0.411Kow (Karickhoff, 1981).bApproximation based on values from sites 3 and 9.Table I5. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia Rive[Koc, organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per lit

average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in table J1; total concentrations were calcreported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following conc

total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for 

Log

Koca

Warrendale

(141)

Umatilla

(289)

Yakima River

(335)

Vernita Bridge

(388)

Northport

(735)

Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 16

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60b 3.65 2.20 1.65

Acenaphthylene — — — — — — — —— ——

Acenaphthene 3.5 — — — — — — —— ——Fluorene 3.8 800 2% — — 3,000 2% — — — —

Phenanthrene 4.1 — — — — 4,000 4% — — — —Anthracene 4.1 — — — — — — —— ——

Fluoranthene 4.6 3,000 10% 1,000 10% 2,000 14% 2,000 9% 2,000 7%Pyrene 4.6 2,000 9% 700 9% 600 13% 800 8% 400 6%Benz[a]anthracene 5.2 — — — — — — —— ——Chrysene 5.2 900 31% 300 31% — — 700 28% 300 22%Benzo[b]fluoranthene 5.8 — — — — — — —— ——Benzo[k]fluoranthene — — — — — — — —— ——Benzo[a]pyrene 5.7 — — — — — — —— ——Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — — —— ——Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — — —— ——Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 6.4 — — — — — — —— ——
135

APPENDIX J

Suspended and Dissolved Organic Carbon

During High-Flow Conditions, 1998
136

a

Data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program (unpublished

data, 1998).

Table J1. Organic carbon measured during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; — not applicable; shaded cells indicate duplicate sample pairs]

Site Name Site

Number

Data-Collection

Date

Suspended

Organic

Carbon

(mg/L)

Dissolved

Organic

Carbon

(mg/L)

Phase 1 Deployment

Willamette River 06 01/15/98 0.60 2.40

02/10/98 0.30a 1.90a

Johnson Creek 08 01/15/98 1.40 2.20

02/18/98 0.40 1.80

Equipment Blank — 01/15/98 0.20 0.30

Phase 2 Deployment

Bradwood 01 05/19/98 0.50 2.40

05/19/98 0.50 2.30

Beaver 02 06/08/98 0.40a 2.40a

Longview 03 05/21/98 0.20 2.40

Lake River 05 05/22/98 0.40 2.70

Warrendale 09 06/09/98 0.20a 2.40a

Yakima 11 06/04/98 0.80 1.90

07/07/98 2.20 2.40

Crab Creek 12 06/03/98 2.50 3.40

07/07/98 2.60 3.60

Snake River 13 06/22/98 0.50a 2.20a

06/22/98 0.40a 2.10a

07/06/98 0.50a 2.40a

Vernita 14 06/17/98 0.30a 1.90a

Wenatchee 15 06/03/98 0.60 1.30

07/07/98 0.50 1.00

Northport 16 06/24/98 0.30a 1.40a

06/24/98 0.20a 1.40a

Equipment Blank — 05/22/98 0.50 1.00

Equipment Blank — 06/23/98 0.20 0.30