[Cite as Coleman v. Big Truck Rehab Center, Inc., 2024-Ohio-957.]

COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

ERIK COLEMAN, :

Plaintiff-Appellant, :

No. 112964

v. :

BIG TRUCK REHAB CENTER, 

INC., ET AL., :

Defendants-Appellees. :

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 14, 2024

Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas

Case No. CV-22-959255

Appearances:

Argie, D’ Amico & Vitantonio, George J. Argie, and 

Dominic J. Vitantonio, for appellant. 

Dworken & Bernstein Co., L.P.A., and Richard N. Selby, II,

for appellees. 

EMANUELLA D. GROVES, J.:

Plaintiff-appellant Erik Coleman (“Appellant”) appeals the trial 

court’s decision that he was an independent contractor as opposed to an employee 
of defendants-appellees Big Truck Rehab Center, Inc., Big Truck Cleanups & Details 

LLC, and Craig A. Long (“Appellees”). For the reasons that follow, we affirm. 

Facts and Procedural History

On February 7, 2022, Appellant filed a complaint against Appellees 

claiming he was entitled to unpaid overtime compensation pursuant to the Federal 

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq. (“Federal 

FLSA”), the Ohio Minimum Wage Standards Act (“OMWSA”), R.C. 4111.01 et seq. 

and U.S. Constitution Article II, Section 34 and to recover wages under R.C. 4113.15. 

The Appellees denied the claims and alleged the Appellant was an independent 

contractor. 

On March 22, 2023, a bench trial was held. The Appellant, his wife 

and father, Appellee Craig Long, and three employees of Appellees testified. The 

trial court found the following facts based upon the testimony and evidence 

presented: 

Appellee Craig Long, is the sole owner of both Appellees, Big Truck 

Rehab Center, Inc. and Big Truck Cleanups & Details LLC. 

These companies provide detailing services of cleaning, washing and 

buffing trucks. 

The Appellant and Appellee Craig Long, executed an independent 

contractor agreement in August 2014. 

The Appellant performed detailing services under the agreement until 

May 2021. Appellant also worked for numerous other businesses. 

All the businesses provided Appellant a 1099 tax form rather than a W2. For the years 2015 through 2021, Appellees provided Appellant a 

1099 tax form. 
Additionally, Appellant was the sole proprietor of EC Detailing, per the 

tax records presented at trial. EC Detailing had a separate employer 

Tax ID Number and took deductions for expenses including supplies, 

materials and depreciation.

The trial court found in favor of the Appellees. Appellant appeals and 

raises one assignment of error. 

Assignment of Error

The trial court erred in finding that Appellant Erik Coleman, was an 

independent contractor, as opposed to an employee. 

Standard of Review

We apply a manifest weight standard in reviewing a civil appeal from 

a bench trial. Revilo Tyluka, LLC v. Simon Roofing & Sheet Metal Corp., 193 Ohio 

App.3d 535, 2011-Ohio-1922, 952 N.E.2d 1181, ¶ 5 (8th Dist.), citing Seasons Coal 

v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 461 N.E. 2d 1273 (1984), and App.R. 12(C).

Law and Analysis

The sole issue before this court is the employment relationship 

between the Appellant and Appellees. The determination of the relationship affects 

the Appellees’ obligations to the Appellant. Appellant alleges Appellees are 

obligated to pay him overtime pursuant to the Federal FLSA, 29 U.S.C. 201 et seq., 

the OMWSA, R.C. 4111.01 et seq., U.S. Constitution Article II, Section 34, and wages 

under R.C. 4113.15. 

The OMWSA requires an employer to pay overtime to employees of a 

certain type. Porter v. AJ Auto Grp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102448, 2015-Ohio3769. “Except as provided in section 4111.031 of the Revised Code, an employer 
shall pay an employee overtime at a wage rate of one and one-half times the 

employee’s wage rate for hours worked in excess of forty hours in one workweek, in 

the manner and methods provided in and subject to the exemptions of section 7 and, 

section 13 of the ‘Federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938,’ 52 Stat.1060, 29 

U.S.C.A., 213, as amended.” R.C. 4111.03(A). An employee is any person employed 

by an employer, with certain employees exempted. R.C. 4111.03(D)(3).

However, persons claiming employee status must prove they are 

employees. Wade-Hairston v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Mental Retardation & 

Developmental Disabilities, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 98AP-456, 1998 Ohio App. 

LEXIS 6223, 9 (Dec. 17, 1998), citing Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 

680, 66 S.Ct. 1187, 90 L.Ed.1515 (1946).

The right to control the manner or means of performing the work is 

the chief test in determining whether one is an employee or an independent 

contractor. State ex rel. Nese v. State Teachers Retirement Bd. of Ohio, 136 Ohio 

St.3d 103, 2013-Ohio-1777, 991 N.E.2d 218 ¶ 33, citing, Bobik v. Indus. Comm., 146

Ohio St. 187, 64 N.E.2d 829 (1946), paragraph one of the syllabus. See also Foran

v. Fisher Foods, Inc., 17 Ohio St.3d 193, 478 N.E.2d 998 (1985). As a practical 

matter, even with independent contractors, the employer must reserve a certain 

degree of control to ensure work is completed in compliance of specifications. Id. 

¶ 34, citing Gillum v. Indus. Comm., 141 Ohio St. 373, 48 N.E.2d 234 (1943). In 

Ohio, the test to consider in making this determination is set forth in Bostic v. 

Connor, 37 Ohio St.3d 144, 524 N.E.2d 881 (1988). This test includes but is not 
limited to the consideration of these factors: who sets the hours worked; who selects 

the tools, materials, routes traveled and human resources; length of employment; 

how person is paid; type of operations; and any terms and conditions or contracts. 

State ex rel. Nese at ¶ 35, citing Bostic at 146, 524 N.E.2d 881. 

The trial court and parties reference application of the economic 

reality test in making the decision whether the employment relationship is employee 

or independent contractor. However, this test is from the United States Sixth 

Circuit. Wade-Hairston at 10. Notably, Ohio has adopted its own test as set forth 

in Bostic. Id. See Gradijan v. Bay, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2010CA00177, 2011-Ohio1032, ¶ 25-27. Although Bostic is a workers’ compensation case, both WadeHairston, from the Tenth District, and Gradijan, from the Fifth District, which are 

overtime and prompt payment cases, respectively, adopted the Bostic test. Now, 

this court too adopts the Bostic test, as opposed to the economic reality test in 

determining the employment relationship for claims of overtime and prompt 

payment. This court has applied Bostic in other employment relationships dealing 

with other situations, but not overtime nor prompt payment. See Silver v. Statz, 166 

Ohio App.3d 148, 2006-Ohio-1727, 849 N.E.2d 320, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.).

Given the facts of this case, utilization of the Bostic test does not 

change the trial court’s determination that Appellant is an independent contractor. 

Generally, the determination of whether someone is an employee as opposed to an 

independent contractor is decided by the trier of fact when the claimant offers some 
evidence that he is an employee. Bostic at 144-147. This determination is made on 

a case-by-case basis. Id. at 146.

Here, the trial court set forth the facts it considered in finding the 

Appellant an independent contractor. Moreover, we generally presume the trial 

court’s decision is correct. Seasons Coal at 80. This presumption is made because 

the trier of fact had the opportunity to determine the credibility of the witnesses. Id. 

A verdict must not be reversed as being against the manifest weight of the evidence 

when it is supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential 

elements of the case. Revilo Tyluka, LLC, 193 Ohio App.3d 535, ¶ 5, citing Seasons 

Coal, 10 Ohio St.3d 77.

“Weight of the evidence concerns ‘the inclination of the greater

amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial to support one side of the issue rather

than the other. It indicates clearly to the trier of fact that the party having the burden

of proof will be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing the evidence in their minds,

they shall find the greater amount of credible evidence sustains the issue which is to

be established before them. Weight is not a question of mathematics, but depends

on its effect in inducing belief.’” Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-

Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12, quoting State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,

678 N.E.2d 541 (1997), quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 1594 (6th Ed. 1990).

Here, the trial court determined that the Appellant was in control of 

his work as an independent contractor. It found that Appellant and Appellees 

executed an independent contractor agreement. Appellant had been conducting his 
own detailing business, EC Detailing, from 2015-2021. The business had its own 

employer ID number and made deductions for expenses including supplies, 

materials, and depreciation. Appellant conducted business with numerous other 

businesses, all of which provided 1099 tax forms instead of W-2s. Additionally, as 

appellee Craig Long testified, a customer would describe the work it wanted 

completed and he would give the customer order to the Appellant; he did not tell 

Appellant how to go about doing the work, although he would inspect the work to 

ensure it was up to par; Appellant determined how much he should be paid and in 

turn he paid his workers; and he did not control Appellant’s workhours.

Application of the Bostic test in this case supports the trial court’s 

finding that Appellant was an independent contractor. Thereby, Appellant failed to 

meet his burden that he was an employee.

Accordingly, we overrule the Appellant’s assignment of error. 

Judgment affirmed.

It is ordered that appellees recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the 

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

_________________________

EMANUELLA D. GROVES, JUDGE

LISA B. FORBES, P.J., and

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR