A Conservation Assessment of

Freshwater Fauna and Habitat

in the Southern National Forests

US Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern Region R8–TP 35 August 2001
Citation: McDougal, Leigh A., Kelly M. Russell and Kevin N. Leftwich, eds. 2001. “A Conservation

Assessment of Freshwater Fauna and Habitat in the Southern National Forests.” USDA Forest Service,

Southern Region, Atlanta, Georgia. R8-TP 35 August 2001.

This publication is available on the USDA Forest Service, Southern Region’s website at http://

www.southernregion.fs.fed.us/.

Copyright 2001 USDA Forest Service, Southern Region.

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A Conservation Assessment of

Freshwater Fauna and Habitat

in the Southern National Forests

August 2001

Edited by

Leigh A. McDougal, Kelly M. Russell, and Kevin N. Leftwich

US Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern Region
Conserving Our Aquatic

Resources

A Message from Elizabeth Estill, Regional Forester,

Southern Region, USDA Forest Service

A Conservation Assessment of Freshwater Fauna and Habitat in the Southern National

Forests is an important milestone and the first step in developing a comprehensive and

strategic view of the conservation of aquatic biota in the Southern Region of the Forest

Service. The national forest lands in this region can be found in fourteen states and

Puerto Rico, the entire area of which is considered nationally to be a biological hotspot

for aquatic species. The mixed ownership patterns, degree of competing uses, and the

sheer complexity of the systems found in the South present a substantial challenge for

future long-term conservation of our aquatic resources.

This publication will be a cornerstone for us to focus attention and priorities where

they are most needed. The report points to a clear need for collaboration between the

public and private sectors in the conservation of these resources, both by the professionals within the Forest Service as well as by our partners.

This assessment is a snapshot of the aquatic resources of the Southern National

Forests and is an important tool for us to use as our region redefines the long term

management of the national forests in the South. It is intended to be a “living” document updated periodically to reflect the progress in the conservation of aquatic systems. I invite you to review and comment on this work and to visit your Southern

National Forests to see, first-hand, the wonderfully diverse aquatic systems that we

have to offer and to roll up your sleeves to help conserve our aquatic resources for the

future.

ELIZABETH ESTILL

August, 2001
Table of Contents

Executive Overview_____________________________________________________1

Forward_______________________________________________________________ 3

Introduction____________________________________________________________ 7

Background___________________________________________________________10

Physiography and Aquatic Habitats_____________________________________12

Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge__________________________________ 12

Piedmont_________________________________________________________13

Coastal Plain_____________________________________________________ 13

Appalachian Plateaus and Interior Low Plateau______________________14

Ozark Plateaus and Ouachita Mountains____________________________15

Puerto Rico_______________________________________________________15

Stream Habitats___________________________________________________16

Subterranean Habitats____________________________________________ 16

Lakes, Ponds, and Wetlands_______________________________________ 17

Biogeography_________________________________________________________ 21

Imperilment___________________________________________________________ 26

Conservation Assessment and Prioritization______________________________ 34

Assessment Methods___________________________________________________38

Results and Discussion_________________________________________________41

Aquatic Fauna Distribution & Habitat Data Gaps____________________ 41

Rare Species______________________________________________________44

Conservation Rank of Subbasins___________________________________ 64

Conclusions and Recommendations_____________________________________ 66

National Forest Level______________________________________________ 66

Watershed and Project Levels______________________________________ 67

Acknowledgements___________________________________________________ 69

References____________________________________________________________ 70

Appendix A___________________________________________________________ 84

Appendix B___________________________________________________________ 89

Appendix C___________________________________________________________ 94

Appendix D__________________________________________________________ 118
Figure 1. Proportion of U.S. species at risk by animal group________________ 7

Figure 2. National Forests in the Southern Region_________________________ 8

Table 1. National uniform systems for defining hydrologic units (HU)_______ 9

Figure 3. Physiographic Provinces of the Southern United States__________ 10

Figure 4. Subbasins in the Southern Region showing conservation rank___ 11

Table 2. Number of native freshwater fish, mussels, and crayfish found

in each southern aquatic subregion_____________________________ 22

Table 3. Number of endemic freshwater fish, mussels, and crayfish

found in each southern aquatic subregion_______________________ 23

Table 4. Biological distinctiveness and conservation status of southern

aquatic subregions____________________________________________ 37

Table 5. Characteristics of rare fish species on or near national forests

in the South__________________________________________________ 45

Table 6. Characteristics of rare aquatic mollusk species on or near

national forests in the South___________________________________ 48

Table 7. Characteristics of rare crustacean species on or near national

forests in the South____________________________________________ 50

Table 8. Characteristics of rare aquatic amphibian, reptile, mammal,

bird, and insect species on or near national forests in the South____53

Table 9. Conservation Rank of subbasins on national forests in the South__ 59

Figures and Tables
1

Executive Overview

The southern United States has one of the most diverse assemblages of fish,

crayfish, amphibians, mollusks, and aquatic insect species in North America.

Unfortunately, this region also has a high proportion of imperiled aquatic species. In response to the Natural Resource Agenda and the growing concerns for the

conservation of aquatic biological diversity, the US Forest Service, Southern Region

compiled information to:

1) identify areas in Southern Region that support outstanding aquatic resources

including rare and imperiled species and unique habitats

2) determine the role of the Forest Service in conserving freshwater biological

diversity in the Southern Region, especially in relation to the critical watersheds and sites selected by The Nature Conservancy and other groups, and

3) identify gaps in the knowledge of the distributions and habitat needs of aquatic

species to provide direction for future inventories.

Four discriminators (number of threatened and endangered aquatic species, number

of sensitive aquatic species, The Nature Conservancy’s Critical Watershed rank, and

change in human population) were used to rank subbasins (watersheds that range

from 400 to 700 square miles in size) that support outstanding aquatic resources and

to evaluate information on the distribution and habitat needs of aquatic species on or

near national forest lands. Subbasins were ranked as either high, medium, or low

priority, based on the sum of the four discriminators.

This assessment identified 18 high priority subbasins that contain national forest

lands in the Southern Region. Of the 18 priority subbasins, 11 have been identified as

“watershed hot spots” (subbasins that contain 10 or more at-risk freshwater fish and

mussel species) by The Nature Conservancy. National forests in these subbasins have

the greatest potential for significant contributions to the conservation and restoration

of aquatic biodiversity. Subbasins in these national forests should be considered the

most sensitive to land management activities and should receive the highest priority

for aquatic inventories, monitoring, and research.
2

Ten subbasins that ranked medium and five subbasins that ranked low in this assessment also were listed as watershed hotspots, which suggests that aquatic biodiversity

on or near national forest lands does not necessarily reflect the aquatic biodiversity

of the subbasin. It does however, demonstrate the need for the Forest Service to be

an active partner with other federal and state agencies, local residents, businesses,

industry, non-profit organizations, and other interested groups to enhance biological

diversity conservation in all relevant subbasins.

One of the most prominent conclusions of this assessment is the lack of basic information on the distribution and habitat needs of aquatic species on the national forests

in the Southern Region. In many cases, national forests lack adequate information on

individual species as well as entire taxonomic groups (i.e. fish, amphibians, reptiles).

It is critical that the Forest Service make the commitment to address and resolve this

issue.

One area in this assessment that was underestimated, in terms of biological diversity

conservation, is the Caribbean National Forest. Studies of the freshwater shrimp fauna

in Puerto Rico indicated that many of the species on the Caribbean National Forest

are imperiled. It is essential for the Forest Service to develop cooperative relationships

and partnerships with other federal and state agencies, and other interested parties to

insure the conservation of this unique fauna.

This assessment includes specific recommendations to ensure the conservation of

aquatic biological diversity on national forests in the Southern Region. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with results of other assessments and

analyses, such as watershed assessments, road analysis, and ecosystem analysis,

to set regional priorities and direction.
3

Forward

This conservation assessment is the first step in an ongoing process to identify

areas where the Forest Service should focus aquatic conservation efforts in

the Southern Region. Information synthesized in this assessment was used to

prioritize areas that support outstanding aquatic resources and to evaluate our knowledge of the distribution and habitat needs of aquatic species on or near national forest

lands.

Since the compilation of the data in this assessment in 1998, the Forest Service has

addressed, or is in the process of addressing, many of the most significant issues

identified in this assessment. Programs initiated since 1998 include: watershed assessments (watershed scale: 40,000 to 250,000 ac), riparian prescriptions for inclusion in

forest plan revisions, roads analysis, and a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant

to fill in data gaps.

Watershed Assessments

Watershed assessments have been completed for national forests in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Variables used to

assess watershed condition were land use (urban, agriculture, forested), recreation

pressure, point sources of pollution, impaired waters, and hydrologic modification.

Variables used to assess watershed sensitivity were erodible soils, public water supply,

aquatic fauna information (number of threatened, endangered, and sensitive species;

total number of fish species; and total number of fish endemic to a subregion and the

proportion of endemics in the total fish assemblage), and riparian health.

Endemism (not used as a variable in this conservation assessment) was selected as a

variable in the watershed assessments to identify areas of biological distinctiveness.

Endemism is correlated with beta-diversity (a measure of species replacement along

environmental gradients), which is an indicator of biological complexity (Abell et al.

2000) and was identified as one of the ecological attributes common to extinction

prone species in Virginia (Angermeier 1995). Scott and Helfman (in prep) found that

replacement of endemics with more cosmopolitan species was a significant factor in

the homogenization of fish assemblages in southern Appalachians. Therefore,
4

measures of endemism in the watershed assessments may identify additional areas of

biological concern not identified in this conservation assessment.

These watershed assessments are, or will be, used to guide decisions made when land

management plans are revised. They also should be used to help evaluate effects of

project level activities on aquatic systems. Watershed assessments should be updated

as information becomes available. Additional information on all aquatic fauna will

strengthen these assessments and thus make them a much more useful and powerful

tool in the future.

Riparian Management Prescription

The Southern Region also has assembled a team to develop a riparian management

prescription to be incorporated into southern Appalachian forest plan revisions. The

purpose of the riparian prescription is to establish standards for managing riparian

areas as a distinct management area where riparian-dependent resources and values

are given priority. Riparian Prescription Areas include all wetlands, ponds, and lakes,

as well as streams and adjacent riparian ecosystems. Implementation of a carefully

crafted riparian prescription is designed to ensure the conservation of aquatic biodiversity on and near national forest lands and also will contribute to the overall health of

aquatic communities in their respective subbasins.

Roads Analysis

The USDA Forest Service Roads Analysis policy (1999) was developed as an integrated ecological, social, and economic approach to transportation planning. The

approach assesses both existing and future roads to provide science-based information and inform management decisions about the benefits and risks of constructing

new roads, relocating or decommissioning unneeded roads and continuing road

maintenance.

Roads analysis will use existing information from ecosystem analysis or assessments

and also may be integrated as components of watershed analysis and landscape

assessments. The analysis is a six-step process based on road-related issues and

analysis questions. The steps include: 1) setting up the analysis (identification team

and structure of analysis), 2) describing the road system, 3) identifying issues (public

and agency), 4) assessing benefits, problems, and risks, 5) describing opportunities

and setting priorities, and 6) documenting and reporting the analysis. The overall

objective of Roads analysis is to provide decision makers with information to manage

road systems that are safe, responsive to public needs and have minimal negative

impact on ecological resources. The results of this conservation assessment are

intended to help identify priority subbasins for aquatic conservation attention.
5

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Grant

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation awarded a grant to the Southern Region of

the Forest Service in January 1999 to help fill in some of the data gaps identified in

this assessment. A total of 22 projects were funded on nine National Forests in the

Southern Region. This grant has provided the Southern Region the opportunity to

collect some of the additional data needed to better manage the southern National

Forests and to forge critical partnerships.

The projects included inventories and surveys of streams, springs, and caves on

national forests in Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Florida, Virginia, Arkansas, Oklahoma, North Carolina, and Texas. These surveys focus on a variety of aquatic species

including crayfish, fish, turtles, mussels, and dragonflies. Two examples of projects

and partnerships are: 1) National Forests in Alabama, in partnership with the State

of Alabama State Lands Division, inventoried aquatic cave fauna on the Bankhead

National Forest and 2) the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests in

Virginia partnered with the Jackson River Restoration Foundation and the Virginia

Department of Game and Inland Fisheries to develop a current physical and biological

characterization of the Jackson River.

Final Comments

Finally, Forest Service land management plans are developed under the direction

of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 and planning regulations. Forests

operating under the 1982 planning regulations are required to select and monitor

management indicator species to assess the relationship between land use practices

and trends in species populations.

The assessment of aquatic communities, rather than single species, may be a better

indicator of stream condition because the relationships between habitat and many

aquatic species are complex, and poorly understood. A single-species approach for

assessing the effects of land use practices on aquatic communities is not the most

efficient use of limited resources and may not yield meaningful results. Temporal

and spatial variation in species distributions and abundance, both within and among

populations, is often difficult to interpret and may be more a function of natural environmental pressures (i.e. predation, competition, drought, floods, etc) rather than

anthropogenic stressors.

The species composition of assemblages also may exhibit considerable temporal and

spatial variation. Nevertheless, an assemblage-level assessment should be a more

robust discriminator because it includes the response of numerous species to environmental pressures rather than that of a single species. A number of techniques for
6

assemblage-level assessments have been developed, including multimetric and

multivariate methods (Karr 1991; Hawkins et al. 2000).

Although significant effort should be focused on identifying species composition (Scott

and Helfman in prep), species that are endemic, rare, or habitat specialists should

continue to receive special attention. Many organisms with one or more of these latter

traits are particularly susceptible to environmental degradation.
7

Introduction

North America’s aquatic ecosystems support some of the most

extraordinary biotic assemblages

in the world (Abell et al. 1998). In particular, the southern United States (hereinafter

referred to as the South) is a center of

freshwater species and aquatic habitat

diversity. The South has a high percentage

of the fish, crayfish, amphibians, mollusks,

and aquatic insect species found in North

America (Benz and Collins 1997). The rich

aquatic diversity found in the South is the

result of a warm climate, abundant water

resources, diverse landforms, and a long

and complex Earth history (Warren et al.

1997; Master et al. 1998; Robison 1986).

Until recently, conservation biology mainly focused on terrestrial species and their

habitats while aquatic biodiversity was

generally ignored (Moyle and Leidy 1992;

Abell et al. 1998). In recent years, there

has been a growing concern for the conservation of aquatic species, communities, and ecosystems that has resulted in

numerous studies and publications on the

status of freshwater species and habitats.

Lists of imperiled species indicate that

freshwater taxa are overwhelmingly more

endangered than their terrestrial counterparts (Williams and Neves 1992; Stein

and Flack 1997; Master et al. 1998;

Figure 1). The decline of aquatic species

Figure 1. Proportion of U.S. species at risk by animal group (The Nature

Conservancy 1997).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Mussels Crayfish Amphibians Fish Dragonflies Reptiles Mammals Birds

Percent of Species
8

in the United States is primarily attributed

to habitat alteration given that most

freshwater ecosystems have been negatively affected, directly or indirectly, by

human activities (Moyle and Leidy 1992).

Because of the South’s high aquatic

biodiversity and the widespread modification of its aquatic ecosystems, it also

contains a significant portion of our

country’s imperiled aquatic fauna (Shute

et al. 1997). A conference organized by

the Tennessee Aquarium in 1994 illustrated the dramatic decline of most freshwater faunal groups in the South (Benz

and Collins 1997). This is also supported

by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) publications

(Abell et al. 1998; Master et al. 1998).

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

data show that the human population in

much of the South increased by more

than seven percent between 1980 and

1990 (US EPA 1997). The increasing

demand for freshwater resources generated by continued population growth and

urbanization will likely result in further

declines of freshwater species (Moyle

and Leidy 1992). Pressures on aquatic

systems are expected to increase in the

coming decades; therefore, as more

private land is developed, freshwater

habitats on public lands will become

increasingly more important (Folkerts

1997).

The Southern Region of the USDA Forest

Service has 35 national forests in 14

States and Puerto Rico. The 14 States

are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North

Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina,

Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West

Virginia (Figure 2). National forests occur

in eight physiographic provinces and 10

aquatic subregions (Edwards 1999) and

provide habitat for a wide variety of

aquatic species. Some national forests

Figure 2. National Forests in the Southern Region
9

Table 1. National uniform systems for defining hydrologic units (HU).

provide refugia for species that have

declined elsewhere.

All aquatic habitats on national forests in

the South should be valued and managed

as an important natural resource. Nevertheless, priorities must be established to

promote successful conservation efforts

during this era of decreasing federal

budgets and work forces. The purpose of

this assessment is to compile available

information on aquatic fauna, habitats,

and conservation status. This assessment

addresses threats to aquatic communities

in subbasins (watersheds that range from

400 to 700 square miles in size; Table 1)

containing national forest lands but

includes only those species occurring on

or near national forests.

 The objectives of this assessment are:

1. To identify subbasins in the

Southern Region that support

outstanding aquatic resources

including rare and imperiled

species and unique habitats.

2. To determine the role of the

Forest Service in conserving

freshwater biodiversity in the

South, especially in relation to

the critical watersheds and sites

selected by TNC and other

groups.

3. To identify gaps in our knowledge

of the distributions and habitat

needs of aquatic species to

provide direction for future

inventories.

Hydrologic

Unit

HUC

Field

HUC

L † ength

Relative

S ‡ ize/Number Examples

Region 1st 2 digits 21 across the U.S. South Atlantic - Gulf

HUC = 03

Subregion 2nd 4 digits 222 across U.S. Alabama River

HUC = 0315

River Basin 3rd 6 digits 352 across U.S. Coosa - Tallapoosa

HUC = 031501

Subbasin 4th 8 digits 400-700 sq. mi. Conasauga River

Watershed 5th 10 digits 40k-250k acres Jacks River

Subwatershed 6th 12 digits 10k-40k acres Rough Creek

Drainage Area 7th 14 digits 3k-10k acres Upper Rough Creek

Site or Project

Area

8th 16 digits <3k acres trib. of Rough Creek

HUC is the Hydrologic Unit Code, HUC LENGTH is the number of digits in the

HUC, and RELATIVE SIZE/NUMBER is the sizes of Hyrologic Units (approximations and are not used as classification criteria).
10

National forests in the southern

United States were established

after passage of the Weeks Act

in 1911. The Weeks Act authorized federal land acquisition in eastern states to

regulate the flow of navigable streams

and for the production of timber. National

forest lands in the South were purchased

primarily from private landowners and

tend to be located in upland areas.

Bottomland valleys were considered

valuable agriculture land and usually

remained in private ownership. As a

result, most southern national forests

Background

contain numerous headwater and larger

streams but few of the larger rivers.

Nevertheless, national forests in the

Southern Region span several physiographic provinces and thus contain a

wide diversity of aquatic habitats. The

physiographic provinces in which the

southern national forests occur are the

Appalachian Plateaus, Blue Ridge,

Coastal Plain, Interior Low Plateaus,

Ouachita Mountains, Ozark Plateaus,

Piedmont, and Valley and Ridge (Fenneman 1937; Hunt 1967; Figure 3).

Figure 3. Physiographic Provinces of the Southern United States.
11

200 0 200 400

Puerto Rico

High Rank

Medium Rank

Low Rank

National

Forests

Subbasin

Conservation

Rank

N

Physiographic provinces are characterized by differences in climate, soils,

vegetation, lithology, and geologic history.

Southern national forests are located in

10 of the 15 aquatic subregions (Edwards

1999; Appendix A) in the southern United

States: Caribbean, Chesapeake Bay,

Florida Gulf, Interior Highlands, Mississippi Embayment, Mobile Bay, South

Atlantic, Tennessee-Cumberland, Texas

Gulf, and Upper Mississippi (Figure 4).

Aquatic subregions are defined as major

drainage systems that have unique fish

species assemblages with similarity

indices (see Hauer and Lamberti 1996)

of less than 70 percent (Edwards 1999).

National forests generally span more than

one aquatic subregion. For example, the

Sabine National Forest is located in the

Texas Gulf aquatic subregion and the

George Washington - Jefferson National

Forest is located within the Chesapeake,

Upper Mississippi, and TennesseeCumberland aquatic subregions.

Figure 4. Subbasins in the Southern Region showing conservation rank.
12

Blue Ridge, and

Valley and Ridge

National forests in the Appalachian

Mountains are located in the Blue Ridge

and the Valley and Ridge physiographic

provinces. Brook trout (Salvelimus

fontinalis) are generally the first fish to

inhabit the upper reaches of Appalachian

headwaters, followed by dace (Rhinichthys spp.), sculpin (Cottus spp.), and

darters (Etheostoma spp.) further downstream. Burton and Odum (1945) found

that temperature, gradient, and stream

size are important factors in determining

the fish community in Appalachian

streams. Large elevation gradients in

streams result in fish species replacements over relatively short distances.

In general, salamanders, crayfish, and

aquatic insects occupy high-gradient

streams that are too small to support fish

populations. Furthermore, aquatic insect

groups (i.e. mayflies, stoneflies and

caddisflies) reach their highest diversity

in rocky headwater streams (Morse et al.

1997).

The geology of the Blue Ridge is predominantly metamorphosed sedimentary

rocks and granite, and streams form a

dendritic pattern. Small, high-gradient

streams with numerous riffles and

Physiography and

Aquatic Habitats

waterfalls characterize this province. In a

natural state, the water in these streams

is low in productivity, extremely clear,

and water temperatures remain cool

year round (Etnier and Starnes 1993).

Because of the geology of the Blue Ridge,

streams are notably affected acidification

from both human and natural sources and

suffer from chronic acidification (Kaufmann 1988). Historic misuse of the land

is still evident in many Blue Ridge

streams. National forests with land in

the Blue Ridge are the Cherokee, Chattahoochee, George Washington, Nantahala,

Pisgah, and Sumter.

The Valley and Ridge province is characterized by sedimentary rocks such as

sandstone, shale, and limestone. Karst

features, such as springs and caves, are

relatively numerous. Larger streams

follow the valleys between parallel ridges,

and high-gradient tributaries enter the

valley streams at right angles forming a

trellis drainage pattern. Valley streams

have moderate to low gradients. Because

of the limestone geology, valley streams

are relatively productive, and aquatic

vegetation such as water willow (Justicia

sp.) and riverweed (Podostemum

ceratophyllum) is abundant in shallow

areas (Etnier and Starnes 1993). Acid
13

precipitation is more likely to have a

negative effect on higher elevation

streams because soils on the ridge tops

in the Valley and Ridge lack the buffering

capacity of those found in the valleys

(SAMAB 1996). National forests with

land in the Valley and Ridge are the

Cherokee, Chattahoochee, George

Washington, Jefferson, and Talladega.

Piedmont

The Piedmont physiographic region is an

erosionally reduced subdivision of the

Appalachian Mountains characterized by

its underlying metamorphic and igneous

rocks, saprolite mantel, and clay-silt

covering (Jenkins and Burkhead 1994).

Stream habitats in the Piedmont vary

considerably and may exhibit characteristics of both the Valley and Ridge (upper

Piedmont) and Coastal Plain (lower

Piedmont). Upper Piedmont streams are

generally low to moderate in gradient,

moderate proportion of riffles and runs,

and fine to moderate substrata (i.e. silt,

sand, gravel, and rubble; Jenkins and

Burkhead 1994). Lower Piedmont

streams tend to be slower moving,

relatively few riffles and runs, and fine

substrata (i.e. silt, sand, clay detritus;

Jenkins and Burkhead 1994).

Streams in the Piedmont also have been

substantially affected by human activities.

Early European settlers typically cleared

forests to grow corn or cotton for several

years and then abandoned the fields

because of high rates of erosion and

depletion of soil fertility. Soil erosion was

extremely high during the 19th and early

20th centuries which resulted in heavy

sediment loads in the streams and rivers

(Mulholland and Lenat 1992). Despite a

reduction in soil erosion during the past

50 years, high sediment loads remain in

streams and rivers. Recent urbanization

in the South has been concentrated in

the Piedmont, creating new sediment

problems for streams (Mulholland and

Lenat 1992). National forests with land

in the Piedmont are the Oconee, Pisgah,

Sumter, Talladega, and Uwharrie. These

forests are important because they

contain remnants of relatively natural

stream systems that are beginning to

recover from past land use practices.

Coastal Plain

Coastal Plain stream systems are often

separated into two categories: red rivers

that originate in the mountains or Upper

Piedmont and blackwater streams that

originate in the Coastal Plain or Lower

Piedmont (Kellison et al. 1998). Red

rivers are so named because their waters

in flood stage are reddish or brownish as

a result of sediment transport from

upland sources. Blackwater streams

are the most common stream type in

the Coastal Plain and characterized by

high dissolved organic carbon concentration that imparts a dark color and high

acidity (Smock and Gilinsky 1992;

Kellison et al. 1998).

Coastal Plain streams are generally lowgradient, warm water streams with

numerous pools and few riffles (Felley

1992). Substrates are generally organic

soils or loose shifting sands that are prone
14

to displacement during storms. Debris

dams and snags are important components of coastal streams because they

provide stable substrates for invertebrates, provide refuge and foraging areas

for vertebrates, and affect water velocity

and flooding patterns (Smock and

Gilinsky 1992).

Extensive floodplains develop, even along

headwater streams, and channels are

often braided throughout their floodplains.

Floodplains are an integral component of

these streams, and many aquatic species

move into floodplains during floods for

spawning or other needs (Hodges 1998,

Smock and Gilinsky 1992).

Most fish species found in blackwater

streams are typical of slow-flowing, deepwater habitats (Smock and Gilinsky

1992). Species richness for macroinvertebrates can be very high. Usually

Diptera (flies) make up the greatest

proportion of taxa but Trichoptera (caddisflies) are also well represented. Only

a few species of mollusks occur in the

smaller acidic streams (i.e. fingernail

clams), but abundance increases with

stream size and calcium levels (Smock

and Gilinsky 1992).

In general, headwater streams in the

Coastal Plain have higher species richness than headwater streams in the

Appalachians, which may be related to a

milder climate and lack of steep elevation

gradients (Paller 1994). Because these

streams support many species that are

uncommon or absent in larger streams,

headwater streams in the southern

Coastal Plain contribute substantially to

regional biodiversity.

National Forests play an important role

in providing habitat for both aquatic and

wetland species in the Coastal Plain.

National forests and grasslands found

in the Coastal Plain are the Angelina,

Apalachicola, Bienville, Conecuh, Croatan, Davy Crockett, Delta, DeSoto, Francis Marion, Holly Springs, Homochitto,

Kisatchie, Ocala, Osceola, Sabine, St.

Francis, Sam Houston, Talladega, Tombigbee, Tuskegee, and the Caddo-Lyndon

B. Johnson National Grasslands.

Appalachian Plateaus and

Interior Low Plateau

Much of the Daniel Boone National Forest

in Kentucky and the Bankhead National

Forest in Alabama is located in the Appalachian Plateaus province, Cumberland

Plateaus section. The geology in this area

is dominated by sandstone, shales, and

moderately abundant coal deposits.

Streams in this area are generally meandering with low to moderate gradients and

have substrates of sand, sandstone, and

shale bedrock (Etnier and Starnes 1993).

In their natural state, the water is clear

and low in productivity. During the summer months, flow in the large streams is

usually sustained, but many headwater

tributaries experience zero base flows

during dry periods (Mettee et al. 1996).

Waterfalls are numerous, and riparian

vegetation is predominantly hemlock

(Tsuga canadensis) and rhododendron

(Rhododendron spp.; Etnier and Starnes
15

1993). Active and abandoned, surface

and deep coal mines are common

throughout the Cumberland Plateau.

Unfortunately, the extraction of coal has

been the cause of much water-quality

degradation via heavy siltation and acid

mine drainage.

Small portions of the Daniel Boone and

Bankhead National Forests are also

located in the Interior Low Plateaus

province, Highland Rim section. Geologically, this area is composed primarily of

limestones, chert, and some shales.

Streams in this region are characterized

by coarse chert gravel and sand substrates interspersed with bedrock areas,

moderate gradients, clear waters, and

moderate to low productivity and limited

aquatic vegetation (Etnier and Starnes

1993). Because of its limestone geology,

this province is rich in cave and spring

habitats.

Ozark Plateaus and

Ouachita Mountains

The Ozark National Forest is located in

the Ozark Plateaus province. The Ozark

Plateaus is similar in structure to the

Cumberland Plateau, but the geology

is predominantly limestone, dolomite,

sandstone, and shales. The area has

rugged, flat-topped mountains with long,

deep valleys; steep cliffs and ledges; and

clear, spring-fed streams (Robison and

Buchanan 1988) that may completely

dry up during the summer months. Karst

limestone features such as caves, natural

tunnels, and sinkholes are common in the

Ozark Plateaus (USDA FS 1999).

The Ouachita National Forest is located

in the Ouachita Mountains province. This

area is similar in structure to the Valley

and Ridge province because it has a

series of long, parallel ridges and valleys

that create a trellis stream pattern. The

geology is predominantly sandstone and

shale. Few large rivers occur in either the

Ouachita Mountains or Ozark Plateaus

provinces.

Puerto Rico

The Caribbean National Forest is the

largest, relatively undisturbed tract of

forested habitat left in Puerto Rico. It

contains some of the last remaining intact

watersheds with streams that run from

montane origins downstream to marine

estuaries. Eight major rivers drain the

Caribbean National Forest. The area

receives a large amount of rain (120

inches annually), and stream flow is

highly variable depending on the season.

The streams are generally clear at low

flows but transport high sediment loads

during high flows. Landslides are the

primary contributors of sediment in the

streams on the forest (Hemphill and

Garcia, in prep). Caribbean streams

physically resemble high elevation

streams of the Appalachian Mountains

(Leftwich personal communication). The

predominant fauna in headwater streams

on the Caribbean National Forest are

species of migratory shrimp. Other

species commonly found are goby

(Sicydium plumier), and freshwater crab

(Epilobocera sinuatifrons; Garcia personal

communication).
16

Despite an abundant rainfall, the demand

for water in Puerto Rico is exceeding the

available supply. Twelve municipal water

supply dams presently occur on the

forest, and more will likely be proposed

in the future.

Stream Habitats

Freshwater habitats are commonly

divided into three categories: lentic,

which includes standing water such as

lakes and swamps; lotic, which encompasses all inland running waters from

headwater streams to large rivers; and

subterranean, which includes groundwater habitats such as springs and caves

(Ward 1992). Lotic systems are linked on

a longitudinal gradient from the headwaters to the upper end of estuaries; thus,

processes occurring upstream influence

the physical, chemical, and biological

processes throughout the aquatic system

(Vannote et al. 1980; Adams and Hackney 1992). Lotic habitats have a higher

aquatic biodiversity than lentic habitats

because they are more permanent in

ecological and evolutionary time scales

(Williams and Neves 1992). In riverine

systems, species diversity generally

increases from small headwater habitats

downstream to large rivers. This may be

the result of an increasing variety and

availability of habitats and food resources

as a stream becomes larger (Adams and

Hackney 1992).

Subterranean Habitats

Subterranean, or underground, aquatic

habitats include springs and caves and

are widely distributed in the southern

states, especially in karst geology. Karst

areas are common in the Ozark Plateaus,

Valley and Ridge, Interior Low Plateaus,

and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. Caves and springs are characterized as being extremely stable but diverse

systems.

Caves occur in a variety of rock types,

and range in size from a single small

room to large interconnecting passages

(often miles in length) and with multiple

levels (Hobbs 1992). Caves with streams

are referred to as active caves and are

classified according to the nature of the

stream. “Influent caves” have streams

flowing into them, “effluent caves” have

streams flowing out of them, and

“through caves” have a stream entering

and leaving the cave. Southern states

with the greatest number of caves are

Kentucky with 3,770, Tennessee with

about 3,000, and Virginia with 2,502.

Louisiana and South Carolina have the

least number of caves in the South with

fewer than 10 each (Hobbs 1992).

Cave communities generally are regarded

as simple systems with few species and

low productivity. Since caves lack sunlight, cave communities depend on

organic material from the surface as a

source of energy. Animals that inhabit

caves are often divided into categories

ranging from troglobites that are morphologically adapted to cave habitats and

cannot live elsewhere, to trogloxenes that

may occur in caves but live part of their

life on the surface (Barr 1963). Troglobitic species include planarians,
17

collembola, isopods, amphipods, shrimp,

crayfish, salamanders, and fish (Hobbs

1992).

Springs are unique habitats characterized

by clear water and relatively consistent

temperatures and flows (Hargis 1995,

Hubbs 1995). Spring characteristics

may range from deep artesian systems

to minor seeps, and thousands of springs

contribute mineral rich waters to streams

in the South (Hobbs 1992). Springs are

considered source of high-quality drinking water in the South and, unfortunately,

are often drastically altered for human

use (Etnier 1997).

Many species have evolved in the stable

and isolationed environment of springs.

Aquatic species commonly found in

small springs include amphipods, isopods, snails, salamanders, and fingernail

clams. Fish inhabit larger spring habitats

and spring runs. Large springs commonly

have one group of species adapted to the

spring proper and another group downstream (Hubbs 1995). The Ocala National Forest in Florida has numerous

large springs that flow through limestone

cave systems. Marine fish such as rays

(Dasyatis spp.) and mullet (Mugil spp.)

often migrate up these spring runs, and

they are occasionally used by manatees

(Trichechus manatus). The springs are

inhabited by several endemic species

including coldwater darter (Etheostoma

ditrema), pygmy sculpin (Cottus pygmaeus), big-cheeked cave crayfish

(Procambarus delicatus), and several

species of hydrobiid snails.

Lakes, Ponds, and Wetlands

Lentic habitats in the South include

natural lakes, impoundments, and wetlands. Natural lakes are not as common

in the South as in the northern United

States. Natural lakes found on national

forests are Carolina bays, cypress ponds,

solution lakes, and lakes formed in river

floodplains. The term “wetland” encompasses a variety of freshwater aquatic

habitats found on national forests in the

South such as bottomland hardwood

forests, wooded swamps, pocosins,

meadows, mountain fens, pitcher plant

bogs, and flatwoods.

Carolina bays, found in the Coastal Plain

from North Carolina to northeastern

Florida, are shallow, elliptical depressions

characterized by evergreen “bay” vegetation (Crisman 1992, Sharitz and Gresham

1998). Carolina bays are primarily filled

from precipitation, and thus may be dry

part of the year. The majority of Carolina

bays do not support permanent fish

populations because of their ephemeral

nature. The absence of predatory fish

allows amphibians to become exceptionally abundant in some Carolina bays.

Many other species also utilize bays for

breeding and feeding.

Physical alterations, such as draining and

agriculture, have greatly reduced the

number of Carolina bays. Sharitz and

Gresham (1998) list the Croatan National

Forest as having some of the best remaining examples of Carolina bays in

North Carolina. The Francis Marion
18

National Forest in South Carolina also

has numerous Carolina bays.

Rivers also form lakes and wetlands in

floodplains during storm events. Erosional and depositional processes that

occur during floods form landscape

features such as oxbow lakes, natural

levees, potholes, and sloughs. The St.

Francis National Forest on the Mississippi

River, the Delta National Forest on the

Big Sunflower River, and the Davy

Crockett National Forest on the Neches

River contain good examples of floodplain

wetlands and lakes.

Solution lakes are generally associated

with karst geology and are represented on

southern national forests by limestone

sinks and sagponds in the Valley and

Ridge, Appalachian Plateaus, and Ozark

Plateaus physiographic provinces, and by

subtropical lakes and sinkhole ponds in

Florida and Alabama. Sagponds and

sinks are generally small (< 2.4 ac),

shallow (< 3 ft) ponds that are formed

when the overlying ground sinks into

collapsed caverns in deep deposits of

dolomite (Crisman 1992). Florida solution lakes are abundant on the Ocala

National Forest, which has about 31,000

acres of lakes. The majority of these

lakes are shallow, low-nutrient systems

(Crisman 1992). Generally solution lakes

are clear, soft, and acidic (pH = 4-6), and

some are stained by tannic acids leached

from surrounding watersheds (USDA FS

1998). Even though these small ponds

fluctuate seasonally and frequently dry

completely, they provide important

breeding habitat for numerous amphibian

species.

Mountain fens, often referred to as bogs

or glades, are a unique and uncommon

wetland found in the Blue Ridge, Valley

and Ridge, Appalachian Plateaus, Ozark

Plateaus, and Ouachita Mountains physiographic provinces (Moorhead and Rossell 1998). Fens generally occur in four

landscape positions: headwaters of

mountain streams, slopes intercepting

the water table, stream valleys no longer

subject to flooding, and isolated areas

over resistant rock strata. Soils, vegetation, and hydrologic characteristics vary

considerably, depending on topographic

location. Beaver (Castor fiber) are important in shaping successional patterns of

some fens by occasionally flooding and

creating an open canopy.

Fens often contain temporary pools

that are utilized by a variety of breeding

amphibians. The limited aquatic invertebrate surveys conducted in mountain fens

found true flies to be well represented.

Fens are important habitat for bog turtles

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) on the Nantahala, Cherokee, and Chattahoochee

National Forests. Many fens have been

destroyed by land use activities such as

development, grazing, logging, mining,

and other activities that disrupt the water

table (Moorhead and Rossell 1998).

Wooded swamps occur primarily in the

Coastal Plain and frequently hold water

for most or all of the year. Dominant

overstory tree species in southern

swamps include bald cypress (Taxodium

distichum) and pond cypress (Taxodium

distichum nutans), Atlantic white cedar

(Chamaecyparis thyodes), and various

tupelo of species (Nyssa spp.; Conner
19

and Buford 1998). Swamps often experience low oxygen levels, especially in

areas that are heavily shaded; winds

sheltered, and exhibit high levels of nutrients and decaying material. Swamps are

often a harsh environment for animals

because anaerobic conditions can persist

for long periods, and water levels can

fluctuate.

Most fish that inhabit swamps are moderately tolerant of degraded water quality

(Hoover and Kilgore 1998). Bowfin (Amia

calva), gar (Lepisosteus spp.), and some

topminnows (Fundulus spp.) have physical adaptations allowing them to survive

in water with low oxygen levels. Swamps

serve as important spawning and feeding

sites for fish, especially during floods

(Wharton et al. 1982). A study of larval

fish in the Big Sunflower River basin in

Mississippi found that flooded bottomland

hardwoods were the primary habitat for

the larvae of some species, especially

black bass (Micropterus spp.) and darters. Since most of the Big Sunflower

basin has been converted to open farmland, the Delta National Forest is especially important because it provides the

some of the only bottomland hardwood

habitat left for spawning fish (Hoover and

Kilgore 1998).

Many other types of wetland communities

occur on national forests in the South.

Flatwoods typically occur on poorly

drained soils in the Coastal Plain on

broad, flat areas between larger drainages

(Harms et al. 1998). Wet prairies, meadows, and pitcher plant bogs occur within

flatwoods forests on the Coastal Plain.

Seepage slopes may occur between

flatwoods and swamps. Wetland areas

may also develop near natural and

constructed lakes and ponds.

Impoundments are a common feature in

the South, and most of them have been

constructed in the last 50 years (Benke

1990). Reservoirs and ponds were built

for a variety of reasons including water

supply, recreation, flood control, navigation, and hydropower generation. Typically, large reservoirs were constructed in

narrow, steeply sloped river reaches with

broad, branching upstream valleys

(Soballe et al. 1992). While few have

been built in low-lying coastal areas,

many large reservoirs occur on or near

southern national forests in upland areas.

Small ponds and impoundments occur on

all national forests, some of which were

constructed by the Soil Conservation

Service for flood control.

When an impoundment is created, a

new biotic community, adapted to lentic

conditions, replaces the riverine community. Many lakes and ponds on national

forests are managed for recreational

fishing and are often limed and fertilized

to increased fish production. Many birds,

reptiles, amphibians, and mammals also

utilize these artificial lakes. Species that

inhabit impoundments are rarely imperiled in the South because lentic habitats

are relatively abundant (Etnier 1997).

Construction of small ponds and lakes

(less than 40 acres) has inundated about

0.5 percent of the land surface in the

Southern United States (Menzell and

Cooper 1992).
20

Impoundments also affect the downstream biotic community. Some formerly

warm water streams now contain cold

water sections that are stocked with trout.

Other rivers have sections that have been

de-watered (left without flowing water)

by hydropower diversions. The Hiwassee

River on the Cherokee National Forest

has both a de-watered section of river and

a cold-water trout fishery below a dam.
21

Biogeography

Plateaus and the Ouachita and Appalachian Mountains, served as refugia for

some species during glacial periods

(Cross et al. 1986). Many disjunct populations of boreal aquatic species in the

South are thought to be relicts of populations that moved northward as the glaciers melted (Robison 1986).

Sea levels have fluctuated over time,

sometimes falling as low as the continental shelf in the South. Coastal Plain

drainages, now separated from each

other, may have been connected periodically. During times of drainage connectivity, species may have been able to

migrate between drainages (Hocutt et

al. 1986).

Fishes are the dominant freshwater vertebrate species in the South and are found

in a variety of habitats including streams,

swamps, lakes, springs, and caves. The

Southern United States contains over 600

species of native freshwater fishes (Etnier

1997, Warren personal communication).

Aquatic subregions in North America

with the highest fish richness include the

Tennessee-Cumberland with 232 species

and the Mississippi Embayment with 224

species (Table 2). In contrast, some

subregions in the western states have

The South contains some of the

world’s most diverse aquatic

communities (Shute et al. 1997).

The diversity of freshwater life is not

randomly distributed around the world

because the species composition of any

region is reflective of the past climatic

and geologic stability (Robison 1986;

Master et al. 1998). One reason for the

high diversity of species in the South is

that the region was not glaciated during

the Pleistocene era, allowing aquatic

species to persist and evolve over time

(Adams and Hackney 1992; Isphording

and Fitzpatrick 1992). The Licking and

Kentucky Rivers, near the Daniel Boone

National Forest in Kentucky, may have

been the only rivers in the Southern

Region that were directly affected by

glaciers (Hocutt et al. 1986).

Although glaciers did expand into most

of the South, glaciation influenced the

distributions of many aquatic species.

During the Pleistocene era, glaciers

eliminated life in northern areas and

forced biota into more southern habitats

through a combination of direct physical

displacement and modifications of

ecological conditions (Robison 1986).

Streams in the northern portion of the

unglaciated South, such as the Ozark
22

less than 10 fish species (Abell et al.

1998). The highest fish diversity in the

South occurs in Tennessee and Alabama,

although most States have at least 119

species (Warren et al. 1997). Aquatic

subregions with the most endemic fish

species are the Mobile and the South

Atlantic, each with 48 species (Table 3).

Invertebrates make up 95 percent of the

world’s fauna, and roughly 70 to 80

percent of this fauna is composed of

insects (Wilson 1988). Thorpe and

Covich (1991) estimated the aquatic

invertebrate fauna in the United States

and Canada includes more than 10,000

species. All major phyla of invertebrates,

except Echinodermata, have freshwater

representatives (Williams and Neves

1992). Insects, mollusks, crustaceans,

and mites are particularly rich in species.

Invertebrates serve important roles in

freshwater ecosystems as food for vertebrate species, grazers of algae, links in

the life cycles of parasites, and processors of organic materials (Strayer 1998).

About 91 percent of freshwater mussels,

53 percent of fingernail clams, and 61

percent of freshwater snails known from

the United States occur in the South, and

new species are still being described.

Early naturalists described species based

on shell characteristics, which vary in

shape and color (even in the same river)

that resulted in many species with multiple names. The taxonomy of freshwater

mollusks is still being debated and many

taxonomists are currently using electrophoretic analyses to determine species

(Parmalee and Bogan 1998, Williams and

Mulvey 1997).

Table 2. Number of native freshwater fish, mussels, and crayfish found in each

southern aquatic subregion (USDA FS 1999).

Aquatic

Subregion

No. native

fish species

No. native

crayfish sp.

No. native

mussel sp.

Chesapeake 105 22 14

South Atlantic 191 59 56

Florida Gulf 118 38 28

Mobile 206 65 60

Mississippi Embayment 224 63 57

Upper Mississippi 208 122 49

Tennessee-Cumberland 232 125 65

Interior Highlands 203 73 57

Texas Gulf 132 46 29

Caribbean (Puerto Rico) 7 15* 0

Other data from Abell et al. (1998) Aquatic “Ecoregions” may not fully correspond with aquatic subregion boundaries used in this assessment (Edwards

1999) so data is approximate. See figure 4 for map of aquatic subregions.

* 14 species of freshwater shrimp and 1 species of freshwater crab (Garcia personal communication)
23

Aquatic subregions with the highest

number of native mussel species are the

Tennessee-Cumberland (125 species)

and the Upper Mississippi (122 species;

Table 2). Aquatic subregions with the

highest number of endemic mussel

species are the Tennessee-Cumberland

(20 species), the South Atlantic (19

species), and the Mobile and Upper

Mississippi (17 species each; Table 3).

The Mobile Basin is the center of freshwater snail diversity in the South (approximately 118 species; Neves et al.

1997).

Aquatic mollusks in the Southern States

inhabit in a wide variety of permanent

and seasonal aquatic habitats. Freshwater mussels and snails reach their

highest diversity and abundance in

larger rivers (Pennak 1989). Fingernail

clams, small bivalves that live in lakes,

streams, and ephemeral aquatic habitats,

generally are highly adaptable and often

inhabit stressful habitats where other

mollusks cannot survive, such as cold

springs, ephemeral aquatic habitats, and

blackwater streams (Herrington 1962;

Pennak 1989).

Freshwater crustaceans consist of a

variety of taxonomic groups including

crayfish, shrimp, isopods, and amphipods, and may be found in almost any

type of freshwater habitat in the South

(Schuster 1997). Like freshwater mussels

and fish, the South harbors the highest

number of crayfish species in the United

States (Taylor et al. 1996). Crayfish

richness follows similar zoogeographic

patterns as fish and mussels, although

represented by fewer species (Abell et al.

Table 3. Number of endemic freshwater fish, mussels and crayfish found in each

southern aquatic subregion (USDA FS 1999).

Aquatic

Subregion

No. native

fish species

No. native

m . ussel sp

No. native

crayfish sp.

Chesapeake 7 4 0

South Atlantic 48 19 39

Florida Gulf 15 14 30

Mobile 48 17 39

Mississippi Embayment 11 2 33

Upper Ms 24 17 23

Tennessee-Cumberland 27 20 40

Interior Highlands 26 11 37

Texas Gulf 6 5 12

Caribbean (Puerto Rico) 0 2* 0

Other data from Abell et al. (1998) Aquatic Ecoregions” may not fully correspond

with aquatic subregion boundaries used in this assessment (Edwards 1999) so

data is approximate. See figure 4 for map of aquatic subregions.

* 1 species of freshwater shrimp and 1 species of freshwater crab (Garcia personal communication)
24

1998). The highest numbers of species

are found in the Tennessee-Cumberland,

Mobile, Mississippi Embayment, and

South Atlantic aquatic subregions

(Table 2). The highest numbers of endemic crayfish species occur in the Tennessee-Cumberland (40 species), and

Mobile (39 species) and South Atlantic,

(39 species; Table 3).

Freshwater crustaceans inhabit four

general habitat types: caves and subterranean water (mostly amphipods, isopods,

and shrimp); streams; lakes, ponds, and

ditches; and burrows (mostly crayfish;

Hobbs 1981). Crayfish often make up a

large proportion of the biomass in aquatic

systems and are a major food resource

for carnivorous vertebrates. Their widespread success in colonizing aquatic

habitats may be related to their ability to

feed on a wide variety of items (Distefano

1993). Species that build burrows spend

a significant portion of their lives underground and are able to access the water

table in many areas lacking permanent

standing water (Taylor et al. 1996).

Freshwater migratory shrimp dominate

streams on the Caribbean National Forest

in Puerto Rico. A freshwater crab species

is also common in these streams.

The distinction between terrestrial and

aquatic insects is rather arbitrary, but

Merritt and Cummins (1984) define

aquatic insects as those with one or more

life stages associated with aquatic habitats and frequently encountered in collections made from aquatic environments.

About 40 percent of the North American

aquatic insect fauna is represented in the

Southern United States (Morse et al.

1997). Many aquatic insect species are

endemic to the South, including more

than 44 stoneflies, 168 caddisflies, 84

mayflies, and 42 dragonflies. Aquatic

insects exhibit an array of morphological,

physiological, and behavioral adaptations

enabling them to inhabit virtually all types

of aquatic habitats including hot and cold

springs, temporary ponds, water-filled

tree holes and pitcher plant fronds,

intermittent streams, and permanent

bodies of water (Ward 1992). Rarely are

conditions in any freshwater habitat so

extreme as to exclude all aquatic insects.

The South has a rich amphibian fauna

with about 150 described species and

more species awaiting formal taxonomic

description (Keister 1971). Most of the

native amphibians in the South are

salamanders (68 percent). Centers of

amphibian species richness and endemism in the southern States include the

Appalachian Mountains, the Coastal

Plain, and the Ouachita Mountains and

Ozark Plateaus (Dodd 1997). Among the

southern States, Georgia has the highest

number of amphibian species (81), and

Texas and Kentucky have the lowest

number (49).

The typical amphibian life cycle consists

of an aquatic egg and larval stage and

metamorphosis into a terrestrial adult;

however, some species remain aquatic as

adults. Large aquatic salamanders include hellbenders (Cryptobranchus spp.)

and waterdogs (Necturus spp.). Other

smaller aquatic salamanders that inhabit

small streams and seeps include dusky

(Desmognathus spp.), shovelnose

(Leurognathus marmoratus), spring
25

(Gyrinophilus porphyriticus), and brook

salamanders (Eurycea spp.; Conant

1975). Salamanders that inhabit vegetated ponds and swamps in the Coastal

Plain include amphiumas (Amphiuma

spp.) and sirens (Siren spp). Frogs use a

variety of wetland habitats for reproduction, but fewer frog species are found in

flowing-water habitats (Dodd 1997).

Many amphibians require fishless habitats for breeding. The dusky gopher frog

(Rana capito servosa), which is found on

the Conecuh National Forest in Alabama,

requires ponds that are absent of fish for

successful reproduction.

Many reptiles in the South also are

dependent on aquatic habitats (Wilson

1995). Riverine and pond species, such

as map turtles (Graptemys spp.), musk

turtles (Sternotherus spp.), snapping

turtles (Cheldridae), and alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), spend most of

their time in the water and only leave the

water to bask or nest. Species such as

water snakes (Nerodia spp.), bog turtle,

and crayfish snakes (Regina spp.) are

dependent on aquatic habitats for food

and cover. Many other species are primarily terrestrial but often utilize wetland

areas. The South contains the greatest

diversity of freshwater turtles in the

United States (Buhlman and Gibbons

1997). Twenty-three species of turtles

are found in Alabama alone as compared

to 10 species found in the northeastern

United States (Lydeard and Mayden

1995).

Aquatic habitats also provide critical

habitat for many bird species in the South

(Ford et al. 1997). Waterfowl, wading

birds, bald eagles, ospreys, kingfishers,

songbirds, and many other species use

rivers, streams and associated bottomland wetlands, and impoundments. For

many migratory species, the South

provides an important link between

boreal breeding habitats and tropical

winter habitats. Important waterfowl

habitat areas in the South include the

lower Mississippi River Valley, the Gulf

Coast, and the Middle-Upper Atlantic

Coast. National forests located in the

priority areas include the Croatan, Francis

Marion, Kisatchie, Delta, and St. Francis

(USDA FS 1996).

About 100 mammal species are endemic

to the Southern United States (Harvey

and Clark 1997). While many of these

species are closely associated with

aquatic ecosystems, few are considered

truly aquatic. Species found on southern

national forests that live primarily in

aquatic habitats are beaver, river otter

(Lutra Canadensis), muskrat (Ondatra

zibethicus), West Indian manatee, and

water shrew (Sorex palustris).
26

Because of the widespread modification of freshwater habitats in

the South, many aquatic species

have declined (Benz and Collins 1997).

When European settlers arrived in the

South in the early 1600’s, they began

altering aquatic habitats by building mill

ponds on small streams, draining wetlands for agriculture, removing wood from

streams, building roads along and crossing streams, and using slash and burn

agriculture methods (Morse et al. 1997,

Williams 1989). Beaver, a species that

creates habitat for many plants and other

animals, were trapped out of the region

by the late 1700’s (Hackney and Adams

1992).

Although logging occurred for years in

scattered locations around the South,

large-scale removal of timber began in

the 1880’s. By 1920, most of the South

had been extensively logged and left with

90 million acres of cutover land (Williams

1989). Loggers during this time period

paid little attention to water quality or

stream protection. Heavy cutting near

streams produced a large amount of

sedimentation and reduced the amount

of large wood in streams. Many logging

roads and railroads were built near perennial streams or in ephemeral stream

Imperilment

channels. Splash dams were constructed

on some streams to store logs until they

were flushed downstream to a mill

(SAMAB 1996).

Moyle and Leidy (1992) placed human

abuses of aquatic ecosystems into five

categories: competition for water, habitat

alteration, pollution, introduction of exotic

species, and commercial exploitation.

Historically, water has been considered

inexhaustible in the South, and demands

for water supplies have been easily met.

Most of the South operates under the

“riparian right” doctrine, which entitles

landowners to make reasonable use of

water that flows through their land. Many

States have modified this doctrine, developing water usage policies with minimum

flow requirements. Although water usage

has been declining in the United States

since 1980, expanding development and

urbanization in the South is expected

increase the demand on water supplies

(SAMAB 1996). Georgia currently is

involved in negotiations with Alabama

and Florida concerning water allocation

for the shared river basins that serve their

water needs. In Puerto Rico, population

growth and development have created a

demand for water that exceeds the current capabilities of existing sources. Many
27

streams on or near the Caribbean National Forest already have multiple dams that

supply water for municipal and industrial

uses (Hemphill and Garcia, in prep).

Habitat alteration is probably the major

cause of decline of aquatic diversity in the

South. Habitat alterations include activities that change aquatic environments or

habitat suitability for aquatic species (i.e.

channelization and dam construction).

Although humans have been modifying

North American streams and rivers for

centuries, the most dramatic modifications did not begin until the early 19th

century (Benke 1990). In the last 100

years, various government agencies and

power companies have built numerous

large and small reservoirs, and few southern rivers have escaped impoundment

(Benke 1990, Shute et al. 1997, US EPA

1997). The construction of dams has

converted most of the large rivers in the

South into a series of regulated pools

(Soballe et al. 1992).

Dams have directly and indirectly affected aquatic species and communities on

many southern national forests. Dams

modify the ecological processes of

streams, including the flow of water,

sediment, nutrients, energy, and community composition (Ligon et al. 1995) and

transforms shallow, free-flowing streams

into deep, slow moving pools. Aquatic

species adapted to free-flowing water are

replaced by those more suited to a lentic

environment. Dams may affect downstream waters by changing flow and

sediment regimes, as well as water

temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels

(determined by the outlet location in the

dam). Water released off the bottom of a

reservoir may be cold and low in oxygen

(Yeager 1993). These changes in the

natural characteristics of a river fragments habitats and can be barriers to

species dispersal, gene flow, and recolonization of many aquatic species (Neves

and Angermeier 1990). Even small dams,

such as mill dams and those built by the

Soil Conservation Service for flood control, may be barriers to some species.

The long-term viability of many riverine

species isolated by impoundments is

questionable (Neves and Angermeier

1990). National forests in the South contain many streams with aquatic species

that have been isolated by impoundments. For example, populations of the

endangered smoky madtom (Noturus

baileyi) and the threatened yellowfin

madtom (Noturus flavipinnis) became

isolated in Citico Creek on the Cherokee

National Forest after construction of

impoundments on the Little Tennessee

River. Populations of rare freshwater

mussels and the flattened musk turtle

(Sternotherus depressus) were isolated

in the Sipsey Fork drainage on the Bankhead National Forest after creation of

Lewis Smith Lake. Leopard darter (Percinia pantherina) populations also have

been isolated by impoundments in the

Little River drainage on the Ouachita

National Forest.

Channelization is the realignment of a

stream channel, usually for flood control,

and has been a common practice in the

South. Negative effects of channelization

on aquatic biodiversity include reduction

of habitat niches, modification of the
28

hydrologic cycle, loss of adjacent wetlands and riparian vegetation, and water

quality degradation (Simpson et al.

1982). When the natural dynamics of a

stream are severely altered by channelization, the stream will adjust by developing headcuts upstream of the channelized

section. Headcuts are characterized by

extensive bank erosion, loss of riparian

trees, degraded stream channels, unstable substrates, and wide channels with

shallow flows (Hartfield 1993). Headcuts

may continue upstream for years after a

channelization project has been completed. For example, the Homochitto

National Forest in Mississippi is still

experiencing headcuts in streams stemming from a channelization project on

the Homochitto River in the late 1930’s.

Channelization can also cause fragmentation of habitats and species (Moyle and

Leidy 1992).

Pollution, in terms of freshwater ecosystems, can be defined as the discharge of

materials that adversely affect the quality

of aquatic plant and animal life (Maitland

and Morgan 1997). Water pollution is

generally divided into two categories:

point sources (waste discharges emanating from a discrete point) and nonpoint

sources (unconfined and diffuse sources

of pollution; McDaniel 1993). Since

enactment of the Clean Water Act in

1972, many rivers in the South are showing improved water quality resulting from

the regulation of point source pollution

(SAMAB 1996) and the EPA has identified nonpoint source pollution as the

remaining water quality concern. Aquatic

species populations can often recover

from catastrophic pollution events provided that there is a source of colonists.

As habitats become increasingly fragmented and isolated, catastrophic events

have the ability to permanently eliminate

local populations.

Aquatic habitats on national forests in

the South are usually more affected by

nonpoint sources of pollution than by

point sources. Major nonpoint sources are

the result of erosion from ground disturbing activites, agricultural practices, and

rural development. Air pollution also has

affected aquatic systems in some areas.

Sulfur dioxide emissions from copper

smelting operations in the 1800’s denuded vegetation and severely impacted

aquatic species in the Ocoee River

drainage in Tennessee. Most deposition of

air pollution, however, cannot be traced to

a single source. Acid precipitation, fallout

from burning fossil fuels, may be deposited great distances from its source.

Sulfate is the major source of the acid

deposition in the northern portion of the

southern Appalachians as well as the

higher elevations (SAMAB 1996). Acid

deposition in the St. Mary’s River on the

George Washington National Forest has

resulted in a 38-percent loss of aquatic

invertebrate taxa in the river (Kirk personal communication).

Other pollutants that affect aquatic

habitats on the national forests in the

South include: brine and chemicals from

oil and gas operations, acid mine drainage, sediment, nutrients from agricultural

practices, pesticides, heavy metals, and

temperature changes. Oil wells are

common on many southern national
29

forests and often affect nearby streams.

Past oil well operations on the Homochitto National Forest in Mississippi were

identified as the source of brine and

tailing contamination in National Forest

streams. New directional drilling techniques have led to widespread redevelopment of old oil fields and may be a future

concern on some national forests.

Nutrients and other nonpoint source pollution from agricultural practices affect

aquatic habitats on national forests in

parts of the rural South. For example,

Georgia, Arkansas, North Carolina,

Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas lead the

nation in income derived from poultry

production (National Agricultural Statistics Service 1997). Poultry by-products,

such as manure, used litter, and dead

birds, have been traditionally used for

agricultural fertilizer. Water pollution

results from by-products leaching into

surface- or ground- water.

Sediment is probably the most pervasive

nonpoint pollution that affects streams on

national forests. Sedimentation is caused

by soil erosion from ground-disturbing

activities such as roads, poorly designed

or nonbuffered land use activities, mining,

and construction. Many historic roads on

national forests were built in poor locations (i.e. along streams); many of which

are still in use today. Sedimentation can

negatively affect aquatic ecosystems by

reducing habitat complexity and diversity.

The introduction of nonindigenous

aquatic organisms has been so widespread in North America that few natural

communities remain unaffected by these

species. Negative effects from introductions include displacement of native

species through competition, extirpation

through predation or disease, and reduction of biodiversity through habitat degradation or change (Williams and Neves

1992). Homogenization of aquatic faunas

occurs as nonindigenous species are

introduced across the region into historically diverse communities (Angermeier

1994). The most notable replacement of

native species by exotic species occurs

in altered environments that provide the

introduced species an ecological advantage (Moyle and Leidy 1992). The U.S.

Geological Survey reports that over 500

nonindigenous fish taxa have been introduced into the United States (Nico and

Fuller 1998). The South Atlantic and

Florida Gulf subregions have 205 recorded nonindigenous fish species. Many

introductions to enhance sport fishing

resulted in western native fish transplanted into eastern waters, and vice

versa (Courtenay and Moyle 1992). Bait

bucket releases, escapes from fish farms,

and releases from private aquaria are also

sources of introductions.

Commercial exploitation generally has

not been a factor in the decline of most

freshwater aquatic species in the South.

Some big-river game fish species such as

paddlefish and sturgeon, however, have

declined because of overfishing and habitat loss. Freshwater mussels historically

were exploited for pearls and buttons,

which may have negatively impacted

their populations. Presently, common

species of mussels can be collected and

sold in some southern states; however,
30

this activity takes place on large rivers

and reservoirs and does not affect populations on national forests. Some amphibian and reptile populations have been

affected by collections for biological

laboratories and the pet industry (Dodd

1997).

Extinction of species rarely happens

quickly, but rather the process is incremental, with total extinction preceded by

local loss of populations (Angermeier

1995). For most endangered species,

their status is the result of multiple,

cumulative, long-term effects, even

though particular causes are often cited

(Moyle and Leidy 1992). Species with

limited ecological and geographical

ranges are thought to be vulnerable to

extinction in both aquatic and terrestrial

systems. Rarity is a natural phenomenon,

and although small ranges and low abundances of some aquatic species may be a

product of human activities, a great many

are natural (Gaston and Lawton 1990).

Faunal groups that are species-rich tend

to have more rare than common species

(Sheldon 1988). Rare species generally

fit into three categories: taxa with broad

distribution but locally small population

sizes, those taxa with patchy distributions

but relatively large local populations, and

those taxa with patchy distributions and

low individual abundance (Fiedler and

Ahouse 1992).

Within the United States, imperilment of

southern fishes is second only to that of

western fishes (Master et al. 1998). Williams et al. (1989) list about-one third of

the species in North America as either

having or needing protection in at least

some portion of their range. Warren et al.

(1997) found that drainage units with the

highest numbers of unique fishes also had

the highest percentages of imperiled

fishes. The Tennessee-Cumberland and

Coosa-Tallapoosa drainages have the

highest number of imperiled fish species

in the South.

Warren et al. (1997) found that fish

families in the Southeast with disproportionately high levels of imperilment

characteristically live in isolated wetland

habitats, groundwater habitats, or benthic

habitats. Angermeier (1995) found an

association between extirpation of fish

species in Virginia and three ecological

characteristics: diadromy, limited physiographic range, and limited range of

water sizes. According to Etnier (1997),

sedimentation and alteration of habitats

(primarily impoundments and channelization) are responsible for about 75

percent of fish species declines in the

South.

Invertebrates make up 95 percent of the

world’s biodiversity; however, with the

exception of the few well-studied species

of mussels, crayfishes, and insects, it is

not known how many invertebrate species are declining, endangered, or extinct

(Strayer 1998). Invertebrate species most

at risk are probably those with small

ranges that live in habitats that have been

negatively altered by humans. Because

little is known about the distribution and

ecology of many freshwater invertebrates,

it is difficult to identify the major threats

to their existence. Invertebrates make up
31

a high proportion of aquatic fauna and

their well being must be measured in

order to preserve aquatic biodiversity

(Wilson 1988).

Few extensive surveys were historically

conducted on southern freshwater mollusks, making it difficult to make inferences about the changes in diversity,

abundance, and distribution over the last

100 years (Neves et al. 1997). Freshwater mussels and snails both reached their

highest diversity in the shoal habitat of

medium and large rivers, particularly in

the Mobile and Tennessee-Cumberland

subregions. Unfortunately, most shoal

habitat in rivers has been destroyed by

impoundments and channelization. Within the Mobile Basin, 26 species and 4

genera of snails are presumed to be

extinct and only 25 percent of the freshwater mussel fauna in the United States

are considered to have stable populations

(Williams et al. 1992).

Until recently, little attention was given

to the decline and disappearance of the

aquatic gastropods in the South. As a

result, the status of freshwater snails in

most southern drainages is virtually

unknown, and only a few species have

been federally listed as threatened or

endangered species (Neves et al. 1997).

The distribution of fingernail clams is

even less well known than that of the

freshwater mussels and snails, and the

conservation status of most species is

unknown (Neves et al. 1997).

Many crustacean species have small

distributions. More than 65 crayfish

species are currently known only from

one locality or river drainage (Taylor et al.

1996). Because of their limited distributions, many crayfish species have high

global ranks. The Nature Conservancy

considers 51 percent of United States

crayfish species to be at risk (Stein and

Flack 1997). However, there is some

dispute over their sensitivity to environmental disturbances (Schuster 1997).

Little is known about the distribution and

ecology of some of the crustacean taxonomic groups; thus, their conservation

status cannot be determined. As a result,

a number of taxonomic groups have no

species currently listed or being considered for Federal listing as threatened or

endangered (Schuster 1997).

Changes in the historic distribution and

abundance of aquatic insects in the South

cannot be determined because few extensive surveys were conducted before the

1930’s. The southern logging boom and

associated deforestation, fires, and sedimentation occurred before much was

known about aquatic insect fauna (Morse

et al. 1997). Because the knowledge of

aquatic insect distributions, population

sizes, and habitat requirements in the

South is incomplete, it is difficult to be

certain whether species are extinct, rare,

or in danger of extinction. However, some

aquatic insect species are thought to be

rare and possibly imperiled. Morse et al.

(1997) included 153 taxa on a list of rare

caddisflies, mayflies, stoneflies, and

dragonflies in the South.

Nymphal stages of some aquatic insects

are particularly vulnerable to adverse

modifications to their habitat such as
32

siltation, oxygen depletion, chemical

pollution, or thermal changes. Like with

other aquatic groups, imperiled insects

often depend on habitats that have been

negatively changed by humans. Most

aquatic insects hatch into terrestrial

forms for a short portion of their lives;

therefore, they also depend on suitable

riparian habitat as well as suitable aquatic

habitat.

Although many amphibian species are in

dire need of a conservation program and

management, no coordinated large-scale

status assessment has been prepared for

the group. LaClaire (1997) includes 51

taxa in a list of imperiled amphibians in

the southeast, of which about 37 species

are aquatic or depend on aquatic habitats for part of their life history. Habitat

destruction and fragmentation probably

are responsible for some of the declines

in amphibian populations. In the South,

Florida and Arkansas have both suffered

high losses of wetland habitat (US EPA

1997). Florida alone has lost over 9 million acres of wetlands (Dodd, Jr. 1997).

Since many amphibians require a certain

mix of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, the

loss of one habitat may affect a species

even if the other habitat is still available.

For example, dusky gopher frogs utilize

gopher tortoise burrows outside the

breeding season. Conversion of longleaf

pine (Pinus taeda) stands to slash pine

(Pinus elliottii) has negatively affected

gopher tortoise habitat, which in turn has

negatively affected gopher frogs.

Buhlman and Gibbons (1997) estimate

that about 62 percent of the southern

aquatic reptile fauna is significantly

declining in at least a portion of their

range. Reasons for the decline include

collection of some species for the pet

trade, destruction and fragmentation of

wetland and riverine habitats, habitat

fragmentation by roads, alteration and

development of salt marsh habitats, and

destruction of adjacent terrestrial habitats

needed by semiaquatic species. Species

that inhabit rivers are the most imperiled

group of aquatic reptiles (Buhlman and

Gibbons 1997).

More than 80 percent of mammalian

species in the southeast are listed at

some level of concern throughout all, or a

portion of their ranges (Harvey and Clark

1997). Reasons for decline include

habitat loss and degradation or other

human-related factors. Imperiled mammals associated with freshwater aquatic

habitats in the South include the West

Indian manatee, Florida panther (Puma

concolor coryi), Florida black bear (Ursus

americanus floridanus), Louisiana black

bear (U.americanus luteolus), water

shrew, gray bat (Myotis sodalis), and

Indiana bat (M. grisescens).

Of the many habitats used by birds in the

South, probably none are more threatened with destruction and degradation

than those that depend on aquatic habitats (Ford et al. 1997). Since pre-colonial

times, there have been extensive losses of

bottomland forests and wetlands in the

South. For example, Toledo Bend and

Sam Rayburn reservoirs in Texas inundated about 247,100 acres along the

Sabine and Angelina Rivers, much of

which was once bottomland hardwood

forests (Dickson 1997). Researchers in
33

Louisiana and east Texas found that bird

densities in mature bottomland hardwood

stands were two to four times greater than

densities in upland pine and pine/hardwood stands. Bird species that are doing

well in the South today include those

associated with open water, a habitat that

has increased during the past century

(Dickson 1997).
34

Conservation Assessment

and Prioritization

hierarchy, such as communities and

ecosystems (Moyle and Yoshiyama 1994;

Angermeier and Schlosser 1995; Shute et

al. 1997). Protecting communities would

conserve most elements of biodiversity

more effectively and efficiently than

single-species management (Angermeier

and Schlosser 1995). Unfortunately, a

consistent protocol for classifying aquatic

communities is not yet available, although several organizations and researchers have been working on the

problem (Lammert et al. 1996; Maxwell

et al. 1995; Angermeier and Winston

1997; Seelbach et al. 1997). Ecologists

recognize the tremendous variation in

aquatic communities, but there is little

agreement on how many aquatic community types exist or how different two

communities must be to be considered

distinct types (Angermeier and Winston

1997).

Many articles have suggested that watersheds are appropriate aquatic ecosystem

units for setting conservation priorities

(Maxwell et al. 1995; US EPA 1997;

Master et al. 1998). The term “watershed” refers to any area of land across

which surface water drains to a common

point. This common usage of the term

could relate to a land area as large as the

Acommon problem for resource

agencies and conservation

organizations is how to use

limited resources such as time, money,

and energy to most effectively manage

and protect biological diversity. Setting

conservation priorities is one of the most

crucial and difficult tasks that conservationists face (Angermeier and Winston

1997; Shute et al. 1997). Most aquatic

conservation efforts have been focused

on single-species management and habitat preservation. Although this approach

has had some successes, it has failed to

preserve many populations or aquatic

biodiversity in general (Sheldon 1988;

Angermeier and Schlosser 1995; Shute

et al. 1997). The term “biodiversity” is

often misused as a synonym for “species

diversity” (Meffe and Carroll 1997).

Species diversity is a measure of the total

number of species in a habitat or community; whereas, biodiversity encompasses

several organizational levels within each

of three distinct hierarchies: taxonomic,

genetic, and ecological (Angermeier

1995).

It is now widely recognized that aquatic

biodiversity, especially rare elements,

would be better protected by concentrating on higher levels within the biodiversity
35

(Maxwell et al. 1995; Warren et al. 1997;

Abell et al. 1998). However, distributions

of more mobile aquatic species, such as

insects, reptiles, and amphibians, are less

likely to be correlated with subbasins

and other aquatic ecological units. For

example, analysis of caddisfly distributions in the Interior Highlands found that

the caddisfly assemblages in three

different aquatic subregions were not

significantly different (USDA FS 1999).

Distributions of species that inhabit

subterranean systems also are less

correlated with subbasins because

groundwater systems may span several

surface drainages (Maxwell et al. 1995).

Complete protection of aquatic habitats

and biodiversity within a HU requires

control over the entire upstream network

and surrounding landscape. Even then,

aerial pollution can threaten aquatic

organisms (Maitland and Morgan 1997,

Sheldon 1988). Most subbasins in the

South have multiple landowners, aquatic

habitats, and species within their watersheds; thus, successful conservation can

only be achieved by cooperative efforts

and effective, integrated land-use planning on a regional scale (Shute et al.

1997).

Many authors have suggested attributes

to consider when evaluating areas for

aquatic conservation purposes (Angermeier and Winston 1997; Maitland and

Morgan 1997; Meffe and Carroll 1997;

Shute et al. 1997; Warren et al. 1997;

Abell et al. 1998; Master et al. 1998; US

EPA 1999,). The following attributes are

the most commonly suggested:

Mississippi River watershed or as small as

a few acres.

The term “watershed” also has a technical meaning that has been adopted for

use by federal agencies, state agencies,

academia, and nongovernmental organizations. A “watershed” is defined within

a hierarchy (hydrologic unit) that divides

land into progressively smaller, nested

drainages. A nationally uniform system

for defining hydrologic units (HU) was

initially developed in the mid-1970’s by

the U.S. Geologic Survey and has since

been modified (Table 1).

Subbasins (see Table 1) are useful ecological units because, in most cases, the

physical and chemical state of a stream

reflects topographic and geomorphic

characteristics. Land use practices within

drainages have the potential to affect

aquatic species and habitats, both directly and indirectly. However, this relationship may be less pronounced in areas

with karst geology, porous soils, or flat

terrain with swamps and marshes because stream conditions in these areas

tend to be less correlated with drainage

characteristics (Hughes and Omernick

1981).

The geoclimatic processes that created

subbasins have influenced for the distribution of many aquatic organisms.

Species that spend their entire life cycles

in aquatic habitats, such as fish, mussels,

and some crayfish, tend to have similar

distribution patterns. These patterns often

correlate with aquatic ecological units

because they have been shaped by many

of the same forces over evolutionary time
36

1. Condition of area or watershed.

2. Diversity and uniqueness of

habitats.

3. Species diversity and number of

endemic species.

4. Ownership complexity and

protection.

5. Degree of rarity including declining species, communities, and

habitats.

6. Conservation rank of habitats and

viability of populations.

7. Small but unique or important

habitats.

8. Representativeness of the region.

9. Feasibility of effective

conservation.

These nine attributes may vary in importance, depending on the objectives of a

conservation effort. For example, if the

objective is to choose areas that will

represent the aquatic biodiversity of a

region, agencies and other interested

groups may focus on watersheds that are

still in good condition with viable species

populations. However, if the objective is

to choose areas for habitat and species

restoration, watersheds in poor condition

might be selected. Some groups have

developed attribute-scoring systems to

help them rank and select aquatic habitats according to their objectives. However, according to Maitland and Morgan

(1997), any method of evaluation should

be seen as an aid to human judgment

rather than as a complete answer.

Several agencies and other interested

groups have recently completed assessments of aquatic resources in the South.

Federal and state agencies produced

aquatic resource reports as part of largescale assessments of the southern Appalachian Mountains (SAMAB 1996) and

Interior Highlands (USDA FS 1999). The

Nature Conservancy and the Southern

Appalachian Forest Coalition conducted

ecoregional planning for the southern

Blue Ridge physiographic province that

included an assessment of rare aquatic

species and habitats (TNC 1999). The

Southern Appalachian Forest Coalition

and Pacific Rivers Council sponsored a

“rapid assessment” of the best aquatic

diversity/integrity areas associated with

national forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains (McLarney 1999). Each

state in the South has prepared a Unified

Watershed Assessment (1998) as part of

the President’s Clean Water Action Plan.

The purpose of the Unified Watershed

Assessments was to identify watersheds

needing restoration, watersheds needing

preventive action to sustain water quality

and aquatic ecosystems, and pristine or

sensitive watersheds on federal lands

needing protection.

The WWF recently published a conservation assessment of the freshwater ecoregions of North America (Abell et al.

1998.). The ecoregions are based on

Maxwell et al. (1995) and defined as relatively large areas of water that contain a

geographically distinct assemblage of

natural communities. To set priorities for

conservation, WWF considered both the

biological distinctiveness and conservation status of each ecoregion. Most

southern aquatic subregions are ranked

as global in biological distinctiveness

importance and as endangered or critical
37

Table 4. Biological distinctiveness and conservation status of southern aquatic

subregions (from Abell et al. 1998).

in conservation status (Table 4). The

Nature Conservancy analyzed fish and

mussel distribution data to select critical

watersheds in the United States for

protecting freshwater biodiversity (Master

et al. 1998). Approximately 56 percent of

their 327 critical watersheds occur in

southern states.

Aquatic Subregion

Biological

Distinctiveness

Importance

Conservation

Status Category

Likelihood of

Future Threats

Chesapeake Continental Endangered High

South Atlantic Global Critical High

Florida Gulf Continental Rel. Stable - Critical Medium - High

Mobile Global Critical High

Mississippi Embayment Global Critical High

Upper Mississippi Global Vulnerable Low

Tennessee-Cumberland Global Endangered High

Interior Highlands Bioregional Rel. Intact-Stable Low - Medium

Texas Gulf Continental Vulnerable Medium

Caribbean not ranked not ranked not ranked

Biological Distinctiveness was determined based on 4 main criteria: species

richness, species endemism, rare ecological and evolutionary phenomena, and

global rarity of habitat type. Conservation Status was determined based on 7

criteria: degree of land cover alteration, water quality degradation, alteration of

hydrographic integrity, degree of habitat fragmentation, additional losses of

intact original habitat, effects of introduced species, and direct species exploitation. Likelihood of Future Threats was based on experts opinion.
38

Over the last several years, the

Forest Service has shifted its

focus from individual site and

species management to ecosystem

management. To help assess aquatic

ecosystems, the Forest Service developed a hierarchy of aquatic ecological

units in North America (Maxwell et al.

1995). Aquatic ecological units follow

subbasin boundaries and are delineated

based on native aquatic species distributions (primarily fish). In this assessment,

we used the subregion level of Maxwell’s

hierarchy, which is the smallest scale that

has been completed. Aquatic subregions

are defined as major drainage systems

that have unique fish species assemblages with similarity indices of less

than 70 percent (Edwards 1999).

Each of the national forests in the Southern Region was further divided into subbasins (eight-digit HU). The subbasin

(Table 1) was chosen because this is

recommended as the appropriate scale

for regional aquatic ecosystem assessments (US EPA 1997; Master et al. 1998;

USGS 1999).

A questionnaire was developed, and each

national forest was asked to provide

information about their subbasins and

aquatic species distributions. Information

Assessment Methods

requested for each subbasin included:

National Forest ownership, land ownership pattern, water quality, occurrence

of rare aquatic species, threatened and

endangered species recovery potential,

biological distinctiveness, public interest

and support, and sources of habitat

degradation.

To determine gaps in knowledge of

aquatic fauna distributions, national

forests were asked to estimate the percentage of habitat (in 10-percent increments) in each subbasin for which they

have adequate distributional surveys for

fish, mussels, snails, crayfish, amphibians, and reptiles. Forests also were

asked to estimate the percentage of

stream area in each subbasin for which

they have characterized the physical

habitat units using a standardized survey

methodology such as basinwide or representative reach estimates.

The global ranking system, developed by

TNC and used by state Natural Heritage

Programs, was used to identify rare

species in this assessment. Each species

in TNC system is given a rank ranging

from G1, extremely rare throughout its

range, to G5, very common. Species

designated as rare in this assessment

include all aquatic taxa that are ranked
39

G1 through G3. Species ranked G3/G4

are not included. National forests were

instructed to include rare species that are

known to occur, or suspected to occur, on

or near national forest land. “Near national forest land” is rather vague but

generally means one of the following:

downstream within a distance where

Forest Service activities could potentially

effect habitats or species, within a

groundwater system with cave entrances

or springs near national forests, or semiaquatic species with known locations

near National Forests (insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals).

Sources of data for rare species locations

included state Natural Heritage Programs,

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest

Service, published books and journal

articles, and unpublished survey data.

Plants were not included in the assessment because there is some confusion

over which species should be considered

“aquatic.”

The conservation rank of a subbasin was

determined by using four discriminators:

the number of federally listed threatened,

endangered, and proposed species; number of sensitive species; TNC critical

watershed designation; and human population change. A scoring system was

developed for each discriminator.

Number of Federally Listed Threatened,

Endangered, or Proposed (T&E) Species

– Data Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, state Natural Heritage Programs,

Forest Service. Rationale: Under the Endangered Species Act, the Forest Service

is legally responsible for management

and protection of T&E species and

habitat. This discriminator includes

species known to occur on or nearby

National Forest System land. Within a

stream or river, T&E species found

downstream of national forest land are

included if forest management activities

could potentially affect species or habitat.

Plant species are not included. The T&E

species score is determined as follows:

No known T&E species = 0 points.

1 - 2 known T&E species = 1 point.

3 - 5 known T&E species = 2 points.

> 5 known T&E species = 3 points.

Number of Sensitive Species – Data

Source: State Natural Heritage Programs,

Forest Service, and faunal reference

books (for example Etnier and Starnes

1993). Rationale: The Forest Service has

legal responsibilities for managing rare

species and habitat. This discriminator

includes all freshwater species ranked G1

to G3 using TNC global ranking system,

excluding the T&E species. It does not

include plant species or those species

ranked as G3/G4. This discriminator

includes species known to occur on or

near national forest land. Within a stream

or river, sensitive species found downstream of national forest land are included

if forest management activities could

potentially affect species or habitat. The

sensitive species score is determined as

follows:

No known Sensitive species = 0

points.

1 - 5 known Sensitive species = 1

point.

> 5 known Sensitive species = 2

point.
40

The Nature Conservancy Critical Watersheds – Data Source: Master et al.

(1998). Rationale: TNC analyzed fish and

mussel species distribution data to select

327 critical subbasins in the United

States. Freshwater snails, crayfish, and

aquatic insects were not included because distributional data for these species

is limited. Protection and restoration of

TNC critical watersheds would conserve

at least two populations of almost all

imperiled fish and mussel species in the

United States. According to Master et al.

(1998), this set of watersheds is not a

definitive list to protect all freshwater

biodiversity, but provides a starting point

for conservation action. The TNC critical

watershed score is determined as follows:

Not designated as a critical watershed

= 0 points.

Designated as a critical watershed

= 1 point.

Human Population Change – Data

Source: US EPA 1999 (U.S. Census

Bureau data). Rationale: This is an

indicator of possible increased pressure

on aquatic resources from development

and increased public interest within a

subbasin. This discriminator is the human

population change within a subbasin from

1980 to 1990. The population score is

determined as follows:

< 7 percent increase = 0 points.

> 7 percent increase = 1 point.

Conservation Rank Score = Number of

T&E Species + Number of Sensitive

Species + TNC Critical Watershed number

+ Human Population Change.

Subbasins were grouped into categories

based on Conservation Rank Scores as

follows:

Low Conservation Rank includes

scores 0 - 2.

Medium Conservation Rank includes

scores 3 - 5.

High Conservation Rank includes

scores 6 - 7.
41

Aquatic Fauna Distribution &

Habitat Data Gaps

One of the common issues mentioned by

authors in the recently published “Aquatic

Fauna in Peril: the Southeastern Perspective” (Benz and Collins 1997) is the lack

of basic information for most aquatic

species. Historically, extensive biological

inventories were not conducted in most

southern aquatic ecosystems (Neves et

al. 1997). As a result, the rich aquatic

fauna of the South is still poorly known,

especially the invertebrate groups. Wise

management of aquatic resources is

difficult without adequate information on

the distribution and life history of aquatic

species.

On average, national forests in the

Southern Region estimated that they have

adequate fish distribution data for about

43 percent of the habitat in each subbasin, although this number ranged from

zero to 90 percent (Appendix B). Because of the traditional emphasis on

recreational fishing, most national forests

have good fish distribution and population

data for ponds, lakes, and trout streams.

The national forests may have interpreted

this question as meaning distribution data

collected by the forest, rather than

Results and Discussion

adequate fish distribution data from all

available sources. As a result, they may

have underestimated the percentage of

streams with adequate fish distribution

data. More is known about fish than any

other aquatic organism because of their

size, abundance, economic importance,

and comparative ease of capture and

identification (Karr 1981). Natural resource agencies and universities have

extensive (temporal and spatial) fish

collection records. As a result, many field

guides and atlases for fish are currently

available. Most southern states either

have an adequate book on their respective freshwater fishes with identification

keys and distribution maps, or one in

preparation or press. Many state and

federal agencies, museums, and universities are in the process of placing their fish

data into computer databases and Geographic Information System (GIS) and

some of this data is currently obtainable

through the Internet.

Most reptiles and amphibians are considered to be “terrestrial wildlife,” although

we have included a few aquatic species in

this assessment. Many amphibian and

reptile inventories have been conducted

in the South, but much of the information

remains unpublished and generally
42

unavailable (Dodd 1997). Several amphibian and reptile field guides currently

are available, and amateur herpetologists

collect much distributional information.

However, most national forests have only

conducted surveys for rare species. On

average, national forests estimate that

they have adequate amphibian and reptile

distribution data for only five percent of

the habitat in each subbasin (range = 0 -

40%; Appendix B).

Until recently, aquatic invertebrate groups

were generally ignored except by taxonomists and researchers specializing in

various groups. Aquatic invertebrates

tend to be less well known than vertebrates because of their small size, cryptic

habits, taxonomy problems, and general

lack of interest to the public. Most of the

larger invertebrate species inhabiting

southern lakes and streams probably

have been discovered and described, but

new species of insects, large crustaceans,

and mollusks are still being described

(Strayer 1998). Small aquatic invertebrates that live in unusual habitats are not

well known. Distributions of some invertebrate groups are difficult to determine

because only a few taxonomic experts

can identify them to species.

Few extensive historic surveys were

conducted for southern freshwater mollusk taxa (Neves et al. 1997). Early

naturalists primarily were interested in

describing new species; therefore, they

collected mussels and snails from large

rivers and tended to neglect the smaller

streams that are now prominent features

of southern national forests. As a result of

the emphasis on large streams, little

historic distribution data exists for mollusks in most national forest streams.

Freshwater mussels have attracted much

attention in the last 20 years because of

the high number of imperiled species.

Freshwater mussel books, with distribution maps and identification keys, are

now available for some southern states

including Arkansas (Harris and Gordon

1990), Florida (Heard 1979), Louisiana

(Vidrine 1993), Puerto Rico (Van Der

Schalie 1948), Tennessee (Parmalee and

Bogan 1998), and Texas (Howells et al.

1996). Knowledge of mussel distributions

varies greatly by individual national

forests. On average, national forests

estimate that they have adequate freshwater mussel distribution data for about

38 percent of the habitat in each subbasin

(range = 0 – 90%; Appendix B).

Less is known about the distribution of

other freshwater mollusks. Snails and

fingernail clams have not attracted as

much attention because few species are

federally listed as threatened or endangered. Conducting distributional surveys

for this group is difficult because the

taxonomy is still undetermined, and

adequate identification keys and distribution maps are not available. Nevertheless,

national forests estimate that they have

adequate snail distribution data for about

12 percent of the habitat in each subbasin

(range = 0 – 90%; Appendix B).

Comprehensive distributional surveys of

fingernail clams in the United States have

not been conducted, mostly because of

their small size, difficulty of identification,

and lack of public interest. Neves et al.
43

(1997) recommend that more extensive

and intensive sampling of permanent and

ephemeral habitats is needed to determine the distribution of fingernail clam

species.

Most research on freshwater crustaceans

in the South has been focused on economically important shrimp and crayfish

species that are raised for bait and human

consumption (Schuster 1997). Less than

one-quarter of crayfish species have

common names (Williams et al. 1989).

Distributional surveys have been conducted for many noncommercial species,

but the information is not readily available. For instance, crayfish publications

with distribution maps and identification

keys exist for many Southern States

including Arkansas (Bouchard and Robison 1980), Florida (Hobbs 1942), Georgia (Hobbs 1981), Kentucky (Rhoades

1944), Louisiana (Penn 1959), Oklahoma

(Reimer 1969), Tennessee (Bouchard

1972), and West Virginia (Jezerinac et al.

1995); however, most of these are now

out-of-print or difficult to find. Agencies

and researchers in some Southern States

are now working on crayfish distributions

and should produce publications in the

near future. Few national forests have

conducted systematic surveys to determine the crayfish species that occur

within their boundaries. On average,

national forests estimate that they have

adequate crayfish distribution data for

about 11 percent of the habitat in each

subbasin (range = 0 – 90%; Appendix B).

Other freshwater crustaceans include

shrimp, isopods, amphipods, ostracods,

cladocerans, and branchiopods. The

taxonomy of many of these groups is still

in great flux (Schuster 1997). However,

isopods and amphipods, despite their

small size, are among the most studied

of North American freshwater crustacea

(Hobbs 1992). Most national forests have

not inventoried these groups, although

distribution data is available for many

species. Streams on the Caribbean

National Forest are dominated by freshwater shrimp species, and the forest has

adequate inventory information for about

nine percent of the habitat.

New aquatic insect species are found

every year in the South, but little is

known about the distribution, ecology, life

history, and habitat requirements of many

species (Morse et al. 1997). Finding and

identifying aquatic insects is often difficult

because of their small size, cryptic habits,

and taxonomy problems. Distributional

data for aquatic insects has not been

compiled for the South and is scattered

in various university, museum, and

agency files. Identification guides for

North American aquatic insects (i.e.

Merritt and Cummins 1984) are widely

available, and some southern states have

publications with identification keys and

distribution maps.

 On average, national forests estimate

that they have adequate aquatic insect

distribution data for about 10 percent of

the habitat in each subbasin (range = 0 –

80%; Appendix B). Many aquatic habitats

on national forests such as small streams,

seeps, and springs have not been adequately surveyed for insects (Morse et

al. 1997). Some national forests and

many state agencies are sampling
44

aquatic insects as part of a rapid bioassessment protocol for monitoring

stream health but aquatic insects are

generally identified to taxonomic family

rather than species.

Complete inventories of all aquatic

habitats have not been completed on

national forests. On average, national

forests estimated that they have adequate

stream habitat data for about 12 percent

of the habitat in each subbasin (range = 0

– 90%; Appendix B). Aquatic habitats

such as southern mountain fens, pitcher

plant bogs, swamps, ephemeral ponds,

springs, seeps, and bays have not been

well surveyed.

Basic life history and ecology information

is lacking for most aquatic species, even

those as well known as fish. Without

adequate life history information, we

cannot determine the viability of populations or the habitat needed to support all

life stages.

Rare Species

Rare aquatic species found on or near

national forests in the South include 87

fish, 46 crustaceans, 111 mollusks, 9

amphibians, 4 birds, 7 reptiles, 27 insects, and 3 mammals. Of the 157

subbasins included in southern national

forests, 138 are inhabited by at least one

rare aquatic species (Appendix C and D).

Subbasins with the most rare species

primarily occur in the Tennessee/Cumberland and Mobile subregions. The

Upper Cumberland on the Daniel Boone

and Jefferson National Forests contains

41 rare species, the greatest number of

rare aquatic taxa found on or near any

national forest land in the South. Scientific names are listed in Tables 5-8.

Rare fish species found on or near southern national forests include 5 sturgeon,

31 minnows, 37 darters, 7 madtoms, 2

cavefish, 1 lamprey, 1 bass, 2 suckers,

and 1 topminnow (Table 5). Darters and

minnows account for 79 percent of our

rare fish species. The greatest numbers

of rare fish species are endemic to the

Tennessee/Cumberland (17 species),

Mobile (15 species), and Interior Highlands (12 species). Warren et al. (1997)

found that drainages in the South that

have a high number of endemic species

also have the highest percentages of

imperiled species. One-fourth of the rare

fish species on our list are federally listed

as threatened or endangered species.

Of the 87 rare fish taxa, 7 inhabit big

rivers, 33 inhabit medium rivers, 20

inhabit creeks, 16 inhabit both creeks

and medium rivers, 8 inhabit headwater

streams and spring runs, 2 inhabit caves,

and 1 inhabits lentic or slow moving

water (Table 5). Species that prefer big

and medium river habitat generally are

found peripheral to, or downstream of,

southern national forests. Many rare

species, including most darters, madtoms, and sturgeons, are benthic or bottom dwellers. Degradation of streams

often affects benthic species first because

they are in contact with any pollutants

that are deposited on the substrate (Warren et al. 1997). Examples of rare fish

species for which national forests provide

much of the remaining high-quality habitat are yellowfin, smoky, Caddo, and
45

Table 5. Characteristics of rare fish species on or near national forests in the South.

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Acipenser brevirostrum shortnose sturgeon e - br, anadr

Acipenser fulvescens lake sturgeon s - br

Scaphirhynchus albus pallid sturgeon e - br

caphirhynchus suttkusi Alabama sturgeon p Mobile br

cipenser o. desotoi Gulf sturgeon t - br, anadr

Notropis cahabae Cahaba shiner e Mobile mr

Notropis albizonatus palezone shiner e Tn-Cumb mr

Notropis girardi Arkansas River shiner t - mr

Notropis semperasper roughhead shiner s Chesapeake cr, mr

Semotilus lumbee sandhills chub s S. Atlantic hw

Cyprinella zanema Santee chub s S. Atlantic cr

Notropis hypsilepsis highscale shiner s Mobile cr

yprinella xaenura Altamaha shiner s S. Atlantic cr, mr

Cyprinella callisema Okmulgee shiner s S. Atlantic mr

Cyprinella callitaenia bluestripe shiner s Fl Gulf mr

Hybopsis lineapunctata lined chub s Mobile cr

Notropis melanostomus blackmouth shiner s Fl Gulf lentic

Phenacobius teretulus Kanawha minnow s Upper MS cr, mr

Notropis sp. sawfin sawfin shiner s Tn-Cumb mr

Phoxinus tennesseensis Tennessee dace s Tn-Cumb hw

Phenacobius crassilabrum fatlips minnow s Tn-Cumb cr

Notropis ariommus popeye shiner s - mr

Notropis perpallidus peppered shiner s Int. Highlands mr

Notropis ozarcanus Ozark shiner s Int. Highlands cr, mr

Notropis otenburgeri Kiamichi shiner s Int. Highlands cr

teronotropis hubbsi bluehead shiner s Int. Highlands cr, le

Hybognathus nuchalis Ms silvery minnow s - br

Notropis uranoscopus skygazer shiner s - cr, mr

Notropis sabinae Sabine shiner s - cr, mr

Notropis bairdi Red River shiner s - mr, br

Lythrurus snelsoni Ouachita mountain shiner s Int. Highlands cr, mr

Cyprinella leedsi bannerfin shiner s - mr

Cyprinella caerulea blue shiner t Mobile mr, cr

Phoxinus cumberlandensis blackside dace t Tn-Cumb hw

Cyprinella monacha spotfin chub t Tn-Cumb mr

Erimystax cahni slender chub t Tn-Cumb mr

Ichthyomyzon greeliyi mountain brook lamprey s - cr

Percina pantherina leopard darter t Int. Highlands cr, mr

Percina tanasi snail darter t Tn-Cumb mr
46

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Percina aurolineata goldline darter t Mobile mr

Etheostoma scotti Cherokee darter t Mobile cr

Percina gymnocephala Appalachia darter s Upper MS cr

Etheostoma bellator Warrior darter s Mobile cr

Etheostoma davisoni Choctawhatchee darter s Fl Gulf cr

Etheostoma moorei yellowcheek darter s Int. Highlands hw, cr

Percina uranidea stargazing darter s - mr

Percina nasuta longnose darter s Int. Highlands cr, mr

Ammocrypta clara western sand darter s - mr

Crystallaria asprella crystal darter s - mr

Etheostoma pallididorsum paleback darter s Int. Highlands hw

Etheostoma raneyi Yazoo darter s Ms Embaymnt cr

Etheostoma vulneratum wounded darter s Tn-Cumb mr

Etheostoma acuticeps sharphead darter s Tn-Cumb mr

Percina squamata olive darter s Tn-Cumb mr

Percina macrocephala longhead darter s - mr

Percina burtoni blotchside logperch s Tn-Cumb mr

Etheostoma cinereum ashy darter s Tn-Cumb mr

Etheostoma maculatum spotted darter s - mr

Ammocrypta pelucida Eastern sand darter s - mr, cr

Etheostoma n. susanae Cumberland johnny darter s Tn-Cumb hw, cr

Etheostoma osburni candy darter s Upper MS cr

Percina lenticula freckled darter s - mr

Etheostoma trisella trispot darter s Mobile cr

Etheostoma ditrema coldwater darter s Mobile spr

Etheostoma brevirostrum holiday darter s Mobile cr

Etheostoma percnurum duskytail darter e Tn-Cumb mr

Etheostoma etowahae Etowah darter e Mobile cr

Etheostoma collis Carolina darter s S. Atlantic cr

Percina jenkinsi Conasauga logperch e Mobile mr

Percina antesella amber darter e Mobile mr

Percina rex Roanoke logperch e S. Atlantic mr

Etheostoma tippecanoe Tippecanoe darter s - mr

Etheostoma cragini Arkansas darter s - sp, hw

Percina palmaris bronze darter s Mobile mr, cr

Amblyopsis rosae Ozark cavefish t Int. Highlands cave

Typhlichthys subterraneus southern cavefish s - cave

Noturus baileyi smoky madtom e Tn-Cumb cr

Noturus lachneri Ouachita madtom s Int. Highlands cr, mr

Noturus gilberti orangefin madtom s Chesapeake cr, mr

Noturus munitus frecklebelly madtom s - mr
47

STAT = Status

e = federally-listed as endangered species.

t = federally-listed as threatened species.

p = species proposed for federal-listing as threatened or

endangered.

s = sensitive, species globally ranked by The Nature

Conservancy as G1-G3.

Habitat

anadr = anadromous (lives in saltwater, spawns in freshwater)

br = big river

mr = medium river

cr = creek

hw = headwater stream

sp = spring

cave = cave

Endemic to Aquatic Subregions (figure 4)

Chesapeake = Chesapeake

S. Atlantic = South Atlantic

Fl Gulf = Florida Gulf

Mobile = Mobile

Ms Embayment = Mississippi Embayment

Upper MS = Upper Mississippi

Tn-Cumb = Tennessee/Cumberland

Int. Highlands = Interior Highlands

Tx Gulf = Texas Gulf

Caribbean = Caribbean

Data Sources

Etnier 1997.

Etnier and Starnes 1993.

Jenkins and Burkhead 1994.

Lee et al. 1980 et seq.

Mettee et al. 1996.

Page and Burr 1991.

Robison and Buchanan 1988.

TNC 1997b.

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Noturus taylori Caddo madtom s Int. Highlands cr, mr

Noturus stigmosus northern madtom s - mr

Noturus flavipinnis yellowfin madtom t Tn-Cumb cr

Moxostoma lachneri greater jumprock s Fl Gulf cr

Cycleptus elongatus blue sucker s - br, mr

Fundulus euryzonus broadstripe topminnow s Ms Embaymnt cr

Micropterus notius Suwannee bass s Fl Gulf mr
48

Table 6. Characteristics of rare aquatic mollusk species found on or near national forests in the South.

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Alasmidonta atropurpurea Cumberland elktoe e Tn-Cumb cr, mr

Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian elktoe e Tn-Cumb mr

Alasmidonta varicosa brook floater s - cr, mr

Alasmidonta wrightiana Ochlockonee arc-mussel s Fl Gulf mr

Amblema neislerii fat threeridge e Fl Gulf mr, br

Amblema p. perplicata roundlake s - mr, br

Anodontoides denigratus Cumberland papershell s Tn-Cumb cr

Anodontoides radiatus rayed creekshell s - cr, mr

Arcidens confragosus rock-pocketbook s - mr, br

Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rock-pocketbook e Int. Highlands mr

umberlandia monodonta spectaclecase s - br, mr

Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell s Int. Highlands mr

Cyprogenia stegaria fanshell e - br, mr

Dromus dromas dromedary pearlymussel e Tn-Cumb br, mr

Elliptio ahenea southern lance s - mr

Elliptio arctata delicate spike s Mobile mr, cr

Elliptio lanceolata yellow lance s - mr, cr

Elliptoideus sloatianus purple bankclimber t Fl Gulf mr, br

Epioblasma brevidens Cumberland combshell e Tn-Cumb mr, br

Epioblasma capsaeformis oyster mussel e Tn-Cumb mr, br

Epioblasma f. florentina yellow blossom e - mr, br

Epioblasma f. walkeri tan riffleshell e Tn-Cumb mr, cr

Epioblasma metastriata upland combshell e Mobile mr, cr

Epioblasma othcaloogensis southern acornshell e Mobile mr, cr

Epioblasma t. gubernaculum green blossom e Tn-Cumb mr

pioblasma t. rangiana northern riffleshell e - mr, br

Epioblasma t. torulosa tubercled blossom e - mr, br

Epioblasma triquetra snuffbox s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Fusconaia askewi Texas pigtoe s Tx Gulf mr

usconaia barnesiana Tennessee pigtoe s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Fusconaia cor shiny pigtoe e Tn-Cumb mr, br

Fusconaia cuneolus fine-rayed pigtoe e Tn-Cumb mr, br

Fusconaia lananensis triangle pigtoe s Tx Gulf cr, mr

Fusconaia masoni Atlantic pigtoe s - mr, cr

Fusconaia subrotunda long-solid s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Fusconaia succissa purple pigtoe s Fl Gulf cr, mr

Hemistena lata cracking pearlymussel e - br, mr

Lampsilis abrupta pink mucket e - br

Lampsilis altilis fine-lined pocketbook t Mobile cr, mr
49

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket s - mr, br

Lampsilis perovalis orange-nacre mucket t Mobile cr, mr

Lampsilis powelli Arkansas fatmucket t Int. Highlands mr

Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook s - mr, br

Lampsilis subangulata shiny-rayed pocketbook e Fl Gulf mr

Lasmigona decorata Carolina heelsplitter e S. Atlantic cr

Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee heelsplitter s - cr, mr

Lasmigona subviridis green floater s - mr, cr

Lemiox rimosus birdwing pearlymussel e Tn-Cumb br, mr

Leptodea leptodon scaleshell p - mr, br

Lexingtonia dolabelloides slabside pearlymussel s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Margaritifera hembeli Louisiana pearlshell t Ms Embaymnt cr

Medionidus acutissimus Alabama moccasinshell t Mobile cr, mr

Medionidus parvulus Coosa moccasinshell e Mobile cr, mr

Medionidus penicillatus gulf moccasinshell e Fl Gulf cr, mr

Medionidus simpsonianus Ochlocknee moccasinshell e Fl Gulf mr

Megalonaias boykiana round washboard s Fl Gulf mr

Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut s - mr

Obovaria retusa ring pink e - br

Obovaria subrotunda round hickorynut s - mr, br

Pegias fabula little-wing pearlymussel e Tn-Cumb cr, mr

Plethobasus cicatricosus white wartyback e - br

Plethobasus cooperianus orange-foot pimpleback e - br

Plethobasus cyphyus sheepnose s - mr, br

Pleurobema beadleanum Mississippi pigtoe s Ms Embaymnt mr

Pleurobema clava clubshell e - mr, br

Pleurobema collina James spinymussel e Chesapeake cr, mr

Pleurobema cordatum Ohio pigtoe s - br

Pleurobema decisum southern clubshell e Mobile mr, cr

Pleurobema furvum dark pigtoe e Mobile cr, mr

Pleurobema georgianum southern pigtoe e Mobile cr, mr

Pleurobema oviforme Tennessee clubshell s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Pleurobema perovatum ovate clubshell e Mobile mr, cr

Pleurobema plenum rough pigtoe e - br, mr

Pleurobema pyramidatum pyramid pigtoe s - mr, br

Pleurobema pyriforme oval pigtoe e Fl Gulf cr, mr

Pleurobema riddelli Louisiana pigtoe s - mr

Potamilus amphichaenus Texas heelsplitter s Tx Gulf mr

Ptychobranchus jonesi southern kidneyshell s Fl Gulf cr, mr

Ptychobranchus greeni triangular kidneyshell e Mobile cr, mr

Pyganodon gibbosa inflated floater s S. Atlantic lentic
50

STAT = Status

e = federally-listed as endangered species.

t = federally-listed as threatened species.

p = species proposed for federal-listing as threatened

 or endangered.

s = sensitive, species globally ranked by The Nature

 Conservancy as G1-G3.

Habitat

br = big river

mr = medium river

cr = creek

sp = spring

cave = cave

lentic = pond or other slow water habitat

Species Common Name Stat Endemic Habitat

Quadrula c. strigillata rough rabbitsfoot e Tn-Cumb mr

Quadrula houstonensis smooth pimpleback s - mr

Quadrula metanevra monkeyface s - mr

Quadrula pustulosa mortoni western pimpleback s - mr

Quadrula rumphiana ridge mapleleaf s Mobile mr

Quadrula sparsa Appalachian monkeyface e Tn-Cumb br

Simpsonaias ambigua salamander mussel s - mr

Strophitus connasaugaensis Alabama creekmussel s Mobile cr, mr

Strophitus subvexus southern creekmussel s - cr, mr

Toxolasma lividus purple lilliput s - mr, br

Toxolasma pullus Savannah lilliput s S. Atlantic lentic, cr

Utterbackia peggyae Florida floater s Fl Gulf cr, mr

Villosa arkansasensis Ouachita creekshell s Int. Highlands mr

Villosa australis southern sandshell s Fl Gulf cr, mr

Villosa choctawensis Choctaw bean s Fl Gulf cr, mr

Villosa nebulosa Alabama rainbow s Mobile cr, mr

Villosa perpurpurea purple bean e Tn-Cumb mr

Villosa trabalis Cumberland bean e Tn-Cumb cr, mr

Villosa v. umbrans Coosa creekshell s Mobile cr, mr

Villosa vaughaniana Carolina creekshell s S. Atlantic cr, mr

Villosa villosa downy rainbow s - cr, mr

Aphaostracon pyncus dense hydrobe snail s S. Atlantic sp

Elimia crenatella lacey elimia snail t Mobile mr, cr

Fontigens tartarea organ cavesnail s Upper Ms cave

Fontigens turritella Greenbrier cavesnail s Upper Ms cave

Io fluvialis spiny riversnail s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Leptoxis crassa boulder snail s Tn-Cumb mr, br

Leptoxis praerosa onyx rocksnail s - mr, br

Leptoxis taeniata painted rocksnail t Mobile mr, cr

Lioplax cyclostomaformis cylindrical lioplax snail e Mobile mr

Tulotoma magnifica tulotoma snail e Mobile mr, br
51

Table 7. Characteristics of rare crustacean species found on or near national forests in the South.

Endemic to Aquatic Subregions (figure 4)

Chesapeake = Chesapeake; S. Atlantic = South Atlantic; Fl

Gulf = Florida Gulf; Mobile = Mobile; Ms Embaymnt =

Mississippi Embayment; Upper Ms = Upper Mississippi; TnCumb = Tennessee/Cumberland; Int. Highlands = Interior

Highlands; Tx Gulf = Texas Gulf

Data Sources

Burch 1973; Burch 1989; Deyrup and Franz 1994; Harris

and Gordon 1990; Howells et al. 1996; Neves 1991;

Parmalee and Bogan 1998; TNC 1997a; Turgeon et al. 1988;

Vidrine 1993

Species Common Name Status Habitat

Cambarus batchi Bluegrass crayfish s burrows

Cambarus bouchardi Big South Fork crayfish s streams

Cambarus causeyi crayfish s streams,burrow

Cambarus chaugaensis Oconee stream crayfish s streams

Cambarus englishi crayfish s streams

Cambarus extraneus Chickamauga crayfish s streams

Cambarus georgiae Little Tn crayfish s streams

Cambarus veteranus crayfish s streams

Cambarus parrishi Hiwassee headwaters cray. s streams

Cambarus reburrus French Broad crayfish s streams

Fallicambarus byersi lavender burrowing cray. s burrows

Fallicambarus danielae speckled burrowing cray. s burrows

Fallicambarus gordoni crayfish s burrows

Fallicambarus harpi crayfish s burrows

Fallicambarus jeanae crayfish s burrows

Fallicambarus strawni crayfish s burrows

Faxonella blairi crayfish s lentic

Hobbseus attenuatus Pearl riverlet crayfish s lentic

Orconectes hathawayi Teche painted crayfish s streams

Orconectes maletae Kisatchie painted crayfish s streams

Orconectes menae crayfish s streams

Orconectes williamsi crayfish s streams

Procambarus barbiger Jackson Prairie crayfish s burrows

Procambarus delicatus bigcheek cave crayfish s subterranean

Procambarus fitzpatricki spinytail crayfish s burrows

Procambarus jaculus javelin crayfish s lentic/burrows

Procambarus lecontei Mobile crayfish s streams

Procambarus orcinus Woodville karst cave cray. s subterranean

Procambarus nechesae crayfish s lentic/burrows

Procambarus nigrocinctus crayfish s streams
52

Status:

e = federally-listed as endangered species.

t = federally-listed as threatened species.

p = species proposed for federal-listing as threatened or

endangered.

s = sensitive, species globally ranked by The Nature

Conservancy as G1-G3.

Data Sources

Deyrup and Franz 1994.

Fitzpatrick Jr. 1983.

Hobbs Jr. 1981.

Hobbs Jr. 1989.

Hoffman 1991.

Robison 1997.

TNC 1997a.

 Williams et al. 1989.

Species Common Name Status Habitat

Procambarus plumimanus crayfish s lentic/burrows

Procambarus reimeri crayfish s lentic/burrows

Procambarus tenuis crayfish s streams/burrow

Crangonx hobbsi amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus cumberlandus Cumberland cave amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus emarginatus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus fergusoni amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus gracilipes Shenandoa Valley cave amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus montanus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus morrisoni Morrison’s cave amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus mundus Bath Co. cave amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus nanus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus parvus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus pollustus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus redactus amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus sp. 7 amphipod s subterranean

Stygobromus spinatus amphipod s subterranean

Caecidotea holsingeri isopod s subterranean
53

Table 8. Characteristics of rare aquatic amphibian, reptile, mammal, bird, and insect species found on or

near national forests in the South.

Species Common Name Status Habitat

AMPHIBIANS

Ambystoma cingulatum flatwoods salamander t wet flatwoods

Eurycea junaluska Junaluska salamander s streams

Eurycea tynerensis Oklahoma salamander s springs, streams

Gyrinophilus subterraneus West Virginia spring salamander s caves

Necturus sp. Black Warrior waterdog s streams

Notopthalmus perstriatus striped newt s temp. ponds

Rana capito aesopus Florida gopher frog s temp. ponds

Rana capito capito Carolina gopher frog s temp. ponds

Rana capito sevosa Dusky gopher frog s temp. ponds

REPTILES

Alligator mississippiensis alligator t various aquatic

Clemmys muhlenbergii bog turtle s wet meadows

Graptemys barbouri Barbour’s map turtle s rivers

Graptemys ernsti Escambia map turtle s large streams, rivers

Graptemys flavimaculata yellow-blotched map turtle t rivers

Pseudomys concinna suwanniensis Suwanee river cooter s rivers, lakes

Sternotherus depressus flattened musk turtle t streams

BIRDS

Grus canadensis pulla MS sandhill crane e wet savannas

Haliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle t lakes, rivers

Mycteria americana wood stork e swamps, ponds

Sterna antillarum athalassos interior least tern e river sandbars

MAMMALS

Neofiber alleni round-tailed muskrat s shallow marsh

Sorex palustris punctulatus southern water shrew s small rocky streams

Trichetus manatus West Indian manatee t estuaries, rivers

INSECTS

Hydraena maureenae

Maureen’s hydraenan minute

moss beetle

s caves

Agapetus jocassee caddisfly s headwate streams

Manophylax butleri Butler’s cliffline caddisfly s

wet sandstone

rockfaces

Paduniella neartica Nearctic paduniellan caddisfly s headwater streams

Cordulegaster sayi Say’s spiketail s spring seepages
54

Status:

e = federally-listed as endangered species.

t = federally-listed as threatened species.

p = species proposed for federal-listing as threatened

 or endangered.

s = sensitive, species globally ranked by The Nature

 Conservancy as G1-G3.

Data Sources

Carle 1982

Deyrup and Franz 1994

Harvey and Clark 1997

Hoffman 1991

Morse et al. 1997

Poulton and Stewart 1991

TNC 1997a

TNC 1997b

TNC 1999

Wiggins 1996

Wilson 1995

Species Common Name Status Habitat

Gomphus consanguis Cherokee clubtail s streams

Gomphus diminutus diminutive clubtail s

sand-bottomed

streams

Gomphus parvidens friendly clubtail s streams

Gomphus septima Septima’s clubtail s small/medium rivers

Gomphus viridifrons green-faced clubtail s medium/large rivers

Macromia margarita Nantahala belted skimmer s small/medium rivers

Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund’s snaketail s rivers

Ophiogomphus howei pygmy snaketail s large rivers

Ophiogomphus incurvatus Appalachian snaketail s streams

Progomphus bellei Variegated clubtail s

sand-bottomed lakes &

spring seepages

Somatochlora calverti Calvert’s emerald s spring seepages

Somatochlora margarita Texas emerald s streams

Stylurus townesi Townes’ clubtail s small rivers

Macrocotyle hoffmasteri Hoffmaster’s s caves

Dannella provonshai mayfly s streams

Homoeoneuria cahabensis Cahaba sand-filtering mayfly s sandy rivers

Leptophlebia johnsoni Johnson’s pronggill mayfly s small streams

Allocapnia jeanae a winter stonefly s intermittent streams

Allocapnia ozarkana a winter stonefly s intermittent streams

Leuctra szczytkai schoolhouse springs leuctran

stonefly

s springs

Megaleuctra williamsae William’s rare winter stonefly s springs

Taeniopteryx nelsoni Nelson’s early black stonefly s small streams
55

Ouachita madtoms; candy, holiday,

leopard, warrior, and duskytail darters;

Kiamichi and Ouachita Mountain shiners;

and blackside dace.

The two cavefish species are specialized

for life in underground waters. Both are

eyeless and unpigmented, spending their

entire lives in the pitch-black cave environment (Robison and Buchanan 1988).

Caves are particularly susceptible to

human disturbances, and subterranean

habitats and species are under threat

worldwide. Some of these species, such

as the Suwannee bass, the coldwater

darter, and the Arkansas darter, are

adapted to springs or clean spring-fed

streams.

Rare freshwater mollusk species that are

found on or near national forests in the

South include 101 species of mussels

and 10 species of snails (Table 6).

Aquatic subregions with the most rare

endemic species include the TennesseeCumberland (23 species), Mobile (20

species), and Florida Gulf (13 species).

Aquatic subregions are delineated based

primarily on fish distributions and may

not apply as well to freshwater mollusk

distributions (Edwards 1999).

Of the 111 rare mollusk species, 64

species inhabit medium to large rivers, 42

species inhabit creeks, 1 species inhabits

springs, 2 species inhabit caves, and 2

species inhabit lentic habitats (Table 6).

Species that inhabit medium or large

rivers generally are found downstream

of national forests. For example, none of

the 24 rare mollusks listed for the upper

Clinch subbasin are found on the

Jefferson National Forest, but many

occur within a mile downstream.

Lentic species include the inflated floater,

which is found in lakes and other slow

flowing water on the Oconee National

Forest in Georgia, and the Savannah

lilliput. This species is typically found

ponds and lakes but inhabits one stream

on the Uwharrie National Forest in North

Carolina. A few mollusk species occur

only on national forests. The dense hydrobe is a tiny aquatic snail with an entire

range that consists of one spring on the

Ocala National Forest in Florida.

A large number (44 percent) of the rare

mollusk species are federally listed as

threatened or endangered. Some of the

threatened or endangered mollusk species for which we provide much of the

remaining stream habitat are the Louisiana pearlshell, Carolina heelsplitter,

Cumberland elktoe, Cumberland bean,

little-wing pearlymussel, southern pigtoe,

dark pigtoe, fine-lined pocketbook,

orange-nacre mucket, Alabama moccasinshell, and triangular kidneyshell.

Rare freshwater crustaceans that are

found on or near national forests in the

South include 31 crayfish, 13 amphipods,

and 1 isopod. None of the migratory

shrimp species that inhabit streams on

the Caribbean National Forest were

included because they have not been

assigned global ranks. With the current

rate of habitat loss in the Caribbean

region, some of these species probably

qualify for Federal protection status.

Crustacean distributions also do not

correspond very well to aquatic subregion
56

boundaries in the South. Most rare

species are endemic to much smaller

areas or drainages. None of the seven

crustacean species found in the South

that are federally listed as threatened or

endangered are known to occur on

national forests.

Of the 45 rare crustaceans, 13 inhabit

streams, 9 inhabit primarily burrows, 2

inhabit lentic environments, 5 inhabit a

variety of habitats, and 16 inhabit underground (subterranean) habitats (Table 7).

Primary burrowers construct and live in

complex underground burrows and only

occasionally appear above ground.

Because of their secretive nature, they

are difficult to capture and our list probably is missing some species. National

forests in the South provide habitat for

rare burrowing crayfish such as the

Jackson Prairie crayfish, found on the

Bienville National Forest in Mississippi.

The large number of amphipods listed

from the George Washington National

Forest in Virginia and West Virginia are

found in cave systems near the forest,

but few have been found on national

forest lands (Appendix C and D). Two

crayfish, the Woodville karst cave crayfish

and the bigcheek cave crayfish, inhabit

subterranean water on the Apalachicola

and Ocala National Forests in Florida.

Rare aquatic insects on our list include 1

beetle, 3 caddisflies, 3 mayflies, 5 stoneflies, and 14 dragonflies (Table 8). Because of the status and distribution of

most species is not known, our list of rare

aquatic insects is probably incomplete.

Some species suspected to occur on

national forests were not included because their reported collection site was

not specific enough to place it in a

particular subbasin.

Most of the rare aquatic insects inhabit

lotic habitats. Of the 15 dragonflies, 2

inhabit medium to large rivers, 4 inhabit

small rivers, 5 inhabit streams, 3 inhabit

springs or seepage areas, and 1 inhabits

ponds and lakes. National forests provide

many habitats for insects that are becoming increasingly rare on private land such

as clean springs, seepage areas, swamps,

and small streams with clean substrate.

For example, the variegated clubtail

inhabits small, spring-fed, sand bottomed

streams on the Conecuh National Forest.

Most of the rare mayflies, stoneflies, and

caddisflies inhabit well-oxygenated small

streams or springs. These species are

known for their sensitivity to water quality

and are often known from only a few

locations. For example, Johnson’s pronggill mayfly is only known from one site on

the Jefferson National Forest and a few

locations in New England and Canada.

Butler’s cliffline caddisfly inhabits a

unique aquatic habitat, wet sandstone

rock faces, on the Daniel Boone National

Forest.

Seven rare aquatic reptiles are found on

national forests in the South. The alligator

was once near extinction but has now

recovered due to conservation efforts. It

is still federally listed as threatened due to

its similarity in appearance to the American crocodile and is found in most Deep

South Coastal Plain streams and ponds.

The flattened musk turtle is endemic to
57

the upper Black Warrior drainage, and its

best remaining habitat is found on the

Bankhead National Forest. It inhabits

clean streams with abundant mollusk

populations. Habitat destruction and

water quality problems are considered

the primary reason for its decline in other

portions of its range. Other rare riverine

turtles found on or near national forest

land include Barbour’s map turtle, which

is endemic to the Apalachicola drainage

in Florida; the Suwannee cooter, also

found in Florida; the yellow-blotched

sawback turtle, endemic to the Pascagoula River system in Mississippi; and

the Escambia map turtle, endemic to the

Florida Gulf subregion.

The bog turtle inhabits mountain meadows and fens in the southern Blue Ridge

including locations on the Nantahala,

Cherokee, and Chattahoochee National

Forests. They are typically found in open

areas with slow-moving streams, ditches,

and boggy areas. One site on national

forest land is a wetland created by a road

and a former beaver pond. Succession

and tree canopy closure in mountain fens

pose threats to bog turtle habitat. Activities such as the draining of wetlands,

ditching of wet meadows, overgrazing,

prevention of beaver activity, development, and illegal collecting for the pet

trade are contributing to the decline of

this species (Buhlman and Gibbons

1997).

Rare species of aquatic amphibians that

occur on national forests in the South

include six salamander species and

three frog subspecies. Some taxa live in

aquatic habitats for only a portion of their

life cycle while others spend their entire

lives in aquatic habitats. The Black Warrior waterdog is a totally aquatic species

and lives in medium to large streams with

an abundance of hiding places such as

leaf litter, rocks, and logs. The Junaluska

salamander and Oklahoma salamander

live primarily in small streams and

springs, but will sometimes venture

across terrestrial habitat on rainy nights

(Wilson 1995). The flatwoods salamander, striped newt, and gopher frog subspecies are primarily terrestrial species

that require ponds for breeding. The West

Virginia spring salamander inhabits

permanent streams and pools in one

limestone cave.

Rare aquatic bird species include the bald

eagle, wood stork, Mississippi sandhill

crane, and interior least tern. Bald eagle

habitat is usually associated with rivers

and lakes. National forests in the South

provide some nesting and roosting habitat, but most of the subbasins listed for

this species primarily serve as occasional

foraging habitat in the winter (Appendix C

and D). The wood stork is a large, colonial wading bird that inhabits freshwater

and brackish wetlands and nests in

cypress and mangrove swamps. The

populations in Alabama, Florida, Georgia,

and North and South Carolina are listed

as endangered. The major limiting factor

for this species is thought to be loss of

suitable foraging habitats. The Osceola

National Forest provides breeding habitat

and the Francis Marion, Oconee, Apalachicola, Osceola, and Ocala National

Forests provide foraging habitat for this

species.
58

The Mississippi sandhill crane is an

endangered subspecies that inhabits

open savannahs and wetlands in a small

section of southern Mississippi. It feeds

on aquatic animals and plants. The DeSoto National Forest is located on the

edge of this species’ range in Jackson

County, Mississippi. The interior least tern

is another endangered subspecies found

in the Central United States. It nests on

barren sandbars along the Mississippi

River and the lower part of the St. Francis

River on the St. Francis National Forest in

Arkansas. Threats to this subspecies

include loss of sandbar nesting habitat

due to floods, channelization, and impoundment of rivers.

Only three aquatic mammal species are

included on our list of rare species. The

endangered West Indian manatee occasionally visits the Ocala and Apalachicola

National Forests in Florida and inhabits

shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and

rivers. Historically, manatee populations

were severely reduced by hunting, but

currently, most mortality is due to collisions with pleasure boats (Clark and

Harvey 1997). The round-tailed muskrat

also is found on national forests in Florida, and its preferred habitat is shallow

marshes with emergent vegetation

(Lefebvre and Tilmant 1992). The water

shrew is a northern boreal species that

moved south during the last ice age and

now occurs in the southern Appalachians

as a series of disjunct populations at high

elevations (Handley 1991). The water

shrew is an excellent swimmer and

inhabits small, rocky streams where it

feeds on aquatic insects and other invertebrates (Harvey and Clark 1997).

Populations are found on the George

Washington National Forest in Virginia

and the Nantahala National Forest in

North Carolina.

Conservation Rank of

Subbasins

The continental United States contains

2,111 subbasins, and southern national

forests are located within 155 of these

subbasins. On average, each national

forest includes portions of five subbasins.

The Ouachita National Forest is located

in the most subbasins (13), and small

national forests such as the Caribbean

and Tuskegee are located in only one

subbasin (Appendix A).

In order to assist in determining where to

focus freshwater conservation activities,

national forest land in each subbasin was

evaluated and assigned a conservation

rank. Conservation rank is defined, in this

document, as the amount of risk associated with implementation of Forest Service management activities in relation to

freshwater species and habitats. Subbasins were characterized as having low,

medium, or high conservation rank; 53

(34 percent) of the subbasins were classified as low conservation rank, 84 (54

percent) were classified as medium conservation rank, and 18 (12 percent) were

classified as high conservation rank

(Figure 4; Table 9).

Less than half of the subbasins in most

of the aquatic subregions fell in the high

conservation rank category. Subbasins in

the Tennessee/Cumberland and Mobile
59

Table 9. Conservation Rank of subbasins on national forests in the South.

HUC Subbasin National Forest(s) Other Final

Score

Conservation

Rank

03120003 Lower Ochlockonee Apalachicola 3 2 1 1 7 7 H

03150101 Conasauga

Chattahoochee,

Cherokee

3 2 1 1 7 7 H

03150106 Middle Coosa Talladega 3 2 1 0 6 HV 7 H

03150202 Cahaba Talladega 3 2 1 1 7 7 H

05100101 Licking Daniel Boone 3 2 1 0 6 HV 7 H

06020002 Hiwassee

Cherokee,

Chattahoochee,

Nantahala

2 2 1 1 6 HV 7 H

03140103 Yellow Conecuh 2 2 1 1 6 6 H

03150102 Coosawattee Chattahoochee 2 1 1 1 5 HV 6 H

03150103 Oostanaula Chattahoochee 1 2 1 1 5 LC 6 H

03150104 Etowah Chattahoochee 2 1 1 1 5 LC 6 H

03150110 Lower Tallapoosa Tuskegee 2 2 1 1 6 6 H

05130101 Upper Cumberland Daniel Boone,

Jefferson

3 2 1 0 6 6 H

06010101 North Fork Holston Jefferson 3 2 1 0 6 6 H

06010202 Upper Little

Tennessee

Cherokee, Nantahala 2 2 1 1 6 6 H

06010205 Upper Clinch Jefferson 3 2 1 0 6 6 H

06010206 Powell Jefferson 3 2 1 0 6 6 H

08070202 Amite Homochitto 1 1 1 1 4 LC,HV 6 H

08080102 Bayou Teche Kisatchie 1 1 1 0 3 LC, HV,

WF 6 H

12020002 Middle Neches

Davy Crockett,

Angelina

1 2 1 1 5 5 M

12020005 Lower Angelina Angelina, Sabine 1 2 1 1 5 5 M

03020106 Bogue-Core Sounds Croatan 2 1 0 1 4 WF 5 M

03020204 Lower Neuse Croatan 2 1 0 1 4 WF 5 M

03060107 Stevens Sumter 1 1 1 1 4 SP 5 M

03070101 Upper Oconee Oconee 1 1 1 1 4 HV 5 M

03080102 Ocklawaha Ocala 2 1 1 1 5 5 M

03110206 Santa Fe Osceola 2 1 1 1 5 5 M

03120001 Apalachee BaySt MarksApalachicola 2 2 0 1 5 5 M

03130011 Apalachicola Apalachicola 3 1 1 0 5 5 M

03150107 Lower Coosa Talladega 2 1 1 1 5 5 M

03160110 Sipsey Fork Bankhead 3 1 1 0 5 5 M T&E Species Sensitive sp TNC Critical WS

.

Population

Total Score

Subbasins in bold type are those identified as “watershed hot spots” (subbasins that contain 10 or more

at-risk freshwater fish and mussel species) by TNC (Masters et al. 1998).
60

HUC Subbasin National Forest(s) Other Final

Score

Conservation

Rank

03170006 Pascagoula DeSoto 2 2 1 0 5 5 M

05130102 Rockcastle Daniel Boone 2 2 1 0 5 5 M

06010102 South Fork Holston Jefferson, Cherokee 2 2 1 0 5 5 M

06010105 Upper French Broad Cherokee, Pisgah 2 2 0 1 5 5 M

06010204 Lower Little

Tennessee

Cherokee, Nantahala 2 1 1 0 4 SP 5 M

08040203 Upper Saline Ouachita 1 1 1 1 4 HV 5 M

11140207 Lower Red-Lake Iatt Kisatchie 1 2 1 0 4 SP 5 M

11140105 Kiamichi Ouachita 1 2 1 0 4 4 M

1140107 Upper Little River Ouachita 1 2 1 0 4 4 M

11140109 Lower Little River Ouachita 2 2 0 0 4 4 M

12010004 Toledo Bend

Reservoir

Sabine 1 2 1 0 4 4 M

12030202 Lower Trinity-Kickapoo Sam Houston 1 2 0 1 4 4 M

02070003 Cacapon-Town George Washington 1 1 1 1 4 4 M

02080201 Upper James

George Washington,

Jefferson

1 2 1 0 4 4 M

03010101 Upper Roanoke Jefferson 1 1 1 0 3 HV 4 M

03040103 Lower Yadkin Uwharrie 1 0 1 1 3 HV 4 M

03050112 Santee Francis Marion 2 0 0 1 3 LC 4 M

03070103 Upper Ocmulgee Oconee 1 1 1 1 4 4 M

03070204 St Mary’s Osceola 2 1 0 1 4 4 M

03110201 Upper Suwannee Osceola 2 1 0 1 4 4 M

03130001 Upper Chattahoochee Chattahoochee 0 1 0 1 2 LC, HV 4 M

03150108 Upper Tallapoosa Talladega 1 1 1 1 4 4 M

03170004 Upper Leaf DeSoto 1 1 0 0 2 LC,HV 4 M

03170007 Black DeSoto 1 2 0 1 4 4 M

03170009 MS Coastal DeSoto 2 2 0 0 4 4 M

03180002 Middle Pearl-Strong Bienville 1 1 0 1 3 HV 4 M

06030002 Wheeler Lake Bankhead 0 0 1 1 2 LC, HV 4 M

08030203 Yocona Holly Springs 1 0 1 1 3 LC 4 M

08030207 Big Sunflower Delta 2 1 0 0 3 WF 4 M

08030208 Lower Yazoo Delta 1 1 0 0 2 LC, WF 4 M

08040101 Ouachita

Headwaters

Ouachita 1 2 1 0 4 4 M

08040102 Upper Ouachita Ouachita 1 2 1 0 4 4 M

08040206 Bayou D’arbonne Kisatchie 1 1 0 1 3 WF 4 M

08060203 Bayou Pierre Homochitto 1 1 1 0 3 LC 4 M

11010014 Little Red Ozark 1 1 1 1 4 4 M T&E Species Sensitive sp TNC Critical WS

.

Population

Total Score
61

HUC Subbasin National Forest(s) Other Final

Score

Conservation

Rank

11010001 Beaver Reservoir Ozark 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

11110201 Frog-Mulberry Ozark 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

11110202 Dardanelle Reservoir Ozark 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

11110206 Fourche LaFave Ouachita 1 1 0 0 2 LC 3 M

11140106 Pecan-Waterhole Ouachita 1 1 0 0 2 WF 3 M

11140108 Mountain Fork Ouachita 1 2 0 0 3 3 M

12030106 E. Fork Trinity LBJ N. Grasslands 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

12040101 W. Fork San Jacinto Sam Houston 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

12040103 E. Fork San Jacinto Sam Houston 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

21010005 Eastern Puerto Rico Caribbean 0 0 1 1 2 HV 3 M

02080203 Middle James-Buffalo George Washington 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

03030003 Deep River Uwharrie 0 1 1 1 3 3 M

03040104 Upper Pee Dee Uwharrie 1 2 0 0 3 3 M

03050101 Upper Catawba Pisgah 0 1 0 1 2 HV 3 M

03050201 Cooper Francis Marion 2 0 0 1 3 3 M

03060102 Tugaloo

Chattahoochee,

Nantahala, Sumter

1 1 0 1 3 3 M

03080101 Upper St Johns Ocala 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

03130013 New Apalachicola 2 1 0 0 3 3 M

03140104 Blackwater Conecuh 1 1 0 1 3 3 M

03140301 Upper Conecuh Conecuh 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

03140304 Lower Conecuh Conecuh 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

03150105 Upper Coosa

Chattahoochee,

Talladega

0 2 1 0 3 3 M

03160104 Tibbee Tombigbee 1 1 0 0 2 LC 3 M

03160108 Noxubee Tombigbee 2 1 0 0 3 3 M

03170003 Lower Chickasawhay DeSoto 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

03170005 Lower Leaf DeSoto 1 2 0 0 3 3 M

03180001 Upper Pearl Tombigbee, Bienville 1 1 0 0 2 LC 3 M

05050001 Upper New Jefferson 0 2 1 0 3 3 M

05050002 Middle New Jefferson 0 1 1 0 2 LC 3 M

05050003 Greenbrier George Washington 0 2 1 0 3 3 M

06010108 Nolichucky Cherokee, Pisgah 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

08010207 Upper Hatchie Holly Springs 1 0 0 1 2 LC 3 M

08010210 Wolf Holly Springs 1 0 0 1 2 HV 3 M

08030201 Little Tallahatchie Holly Springs 1 1 1 0 3 3 M

08060205 Homochitto Homochitto 1 1 0 0 2 LC 3 M

08080203 Upper Calcasieu Kisatchie 0 1 1 0 2 WF 3 M T&E Species Sensitive sp TNC Critical WS

.

Population

Total Score
62

HUC Subbasin National Forest(s) Other Final

Score

Conservation

Rank

08080204 Whisky Chitto Kisatchie 0 1 0 1 2 WF 3 M

11010005 Buffalo Ozark 0 1 1 0 2 2 L

11110103 Illinois Ozark 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

11110105 Poteau Ouachita 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

11140203 Loggy Bayou Kisatchie 0 0 0 0 0 LC,WF 2 L

02070005 South Fork

Shenandoah George Washington 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

02070006 North Fork

Shenandoah George Washington 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

03040101 Upper Yadkin Pisgah 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

03050106 Lower Broad Sumter 1 0 0 1 2 2 L

03050107 Tyger Sumter 0 0 0 1 1 LC 2 L

03050108 Enoree Sumter 0 0 0 1 1 LC 2 L

03060101 Seneca Nantahala, Sumter 0 1 0 1 2 2 L

03060103 Upper Savannah Sumter 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

03150109 Middle Tallapoosa Talladega 0 1 1 0 2 2 L

03160102 Town Tombigbee 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

03160109 Mulberry Fork Bankhead 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

05100201 North Fork Kentucky Daniel Boone 1 0 0 0 1 LC 2 L

05100202 Middle Fork Kentucky Daniel Boone 0 1 0 0 1 LC 2 L

05100204 Upper Kentucky Daniel Boone 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

05130103 U. CumberlandCumb. LakeDaniel Boone 1 0 1 0 2 2 L

05130104 South Fork

Cumberland Daniel Boone 1 0 1 0 2 2 L

06010103 Watauga Cherokee, Pisgah 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

06010203 Tuckasegee Nantahala 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

06020001 Middle TNChickamaugaChattahoochee 0 2 0 0 2 2 L

06020003 Ocoee

Cherokee,

Chattahoochee

1 1 0 0 2 2 L

08020100 Lower MississippiMemphisSt. Francis 1 0 0 0 1 WF 2 L

08020203 Lower St. Francis St. Francis 1 0 0 0 1 WF 2 L

08030202 Tallahatchie Tombigbee 1 0 0 0 1 LC 2 L

08040103 Little Missouri Ouachita 0 1 1 0 2 2 L

08060206 Buffalo Homochitto 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

11110104 Robert S. Kerr

Reservoir

Ozark 1 1 0 0 2 2 L

11010004 Middle White Ozark 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

11110203 Lake Conway-Point

Remove

Ozark 0 0 0 1 1 1 L T&E Species Sensitive sp TNC Critical WS

.

Population

Total Score
63

HUC Subbasin National Forest(s) Other Final

Score

Conservation

Rank

11110204 Petit Jean Ouachita, Ozark 0 0 0 1 1 1 L

11110207 Lower Ark-Maumelle Ouachita 0 0 0 0 0 HV 1 L

11140101 Bois D’arc-Island Caddo N. Grasslands 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

02070001 South Branch

Potomac

George Washington 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

02080202 Maury George Washington 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

03060104 Broad Chattahoochee 0 0 0 1 1 1 L

03150201 Upper Alabama Talladega 0 0 1 0 1 1 L

03160113 Lower Black Warrior Talladega 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

05070202 Upper Levisa Jefferson 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

05100203 South Fork Kentucky Daniel Boone 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

06010106 Pigeon Cherokee, Pisgah 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

06030005 Pickwick Lake Bankhead 0 0 1 0 1 1 L

08010208 Lower Hatchie Holly Springs 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

08020304 Big Ozark 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

08030204 Coldwater Holly Springs 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

08030205 Yalobusha Tombigbee 1 0 0 0 1 1 L

08040303 Dugdemona Kisatchie 0 0 0 0 0 WF 1 L

08040304 Little River Kisatchie 0 1 0 0 1 1 L

11140301 Sulpher Headwaters Caddo N. Grasslands 0 0 0 0 0 0 L

06030006 Bear Bankhead 0 0 0 0 0 0 L

11140208 Saline Bayou Kisatchie 0 0 0 0 0 0 L T&E Species Sensitive sp TNC Critical WS

.

Population

Total Score
64

Definitions and data sources for Table 9.

8-Dig HUC # = number assigned to 4th level or 8-digit

hydrologic unit code watersheds (subbasins). Data Source:

EPA 1999 (U.S. Geological Survey data).

Watershed Name = name of 8-digit hydrologic unit watersheds (subbasins). Data Source: EPA 1999 (U.S. Geological

Survey data).

T&E Species = number of aquatic federally-listed threatened,

endangered and proposed species found on or near National

Forest land within an 8-digit HUC watershed. Data Source:

Forest Service, state Natural Heritage Programs, U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service. Does not include plant species.

0 = 0 species 1 = 1 - 2 species 2 = 3 - 5 species

3 = > 5 species

Sensitive sp. = number of aquatic species ranked G1 - G3

(The Nature Conservancy global ranking system) that are not

included in the T&E category above. Found on or near

National Forest land within an 8-digit HUC watershed. Data

Source: Forest Service, state Natural Heritage Programs.

Does not include plants or species ranked G3/G4.

0 = 0 species 1 = 1 - 5 species 2 = > 5 species

TNC Critical WS = 8-digit HUC watersheds selected by the

Nature Conservancy as Critical Watersheds for conservation

of imperiled fish and mussel species in the United States.

Data Source: Master et al. 1998.

0 = no critical watershed designation

1 = critical watershed designation

Population = Human population change from 1980 - 1990

within the 8-digit HUC watershed. Data Source: EPA 1999

(U.S. Census Bureau data).

0 = < 7 percent increase. 1 = > 7 percent increase.

Total Score = T&E Species + Sensitive sp. + TNC Critical WS

+ Population. Scores range from 0 - 7.

Other = other watershed indicators used to adjust Total

Scores.

WF = watersheds on Forests designated as priority

 waterfowl areas (data source: USDA FS 1996)

HV = watershed with a high vulnerability to stressors

 such as pollutant loadings (data source: US EPA

 1999)

LC = watersheds with more serious water quality pro-

 blems (data source: US EPA 1999)

SP = provides habitat for a very rare T&E species.

Biotic Rank = watersheds are grouped into biotic rank

categories based on Total Score and Other indicators.

L = low biotic rank, includes Total scores 0 - 2.

M = medium biotic rank, includes Total scores 3 - 5.

H = high biotic rank, includes Total scores 6 - 7.
65

aquatic subregions had the greatest percentage of subbasins with a high conservation rank. The WWF categorized the

conservation status of the Tennessee/

Cumberland as Endangered and the

Mobile as Critical with a high likelihood

of future threats for both (Abell et al.

1998; Table 4). The Interior Highlands

aquatic subregion had the greatest

percentage of subbasins with a low

Conservation rank.

Southern national forests in all states

except Arkansas and South Carolina

have at least one subbasin with a high

conservation rank. The WWF categorized

the conservation status of the Ozark

Highlands and Ouachita Highlands

(Interior Highlands aquatic subregion) as

relatively intact and relatively stable with

a low and medium likelihood of future

threats, respectively (Abell et al. 1998;

Table 4). National forests in Virginia and

Georgia have the most subbasins with a

high conservation rank.

The results of this ranking system, when

combined with knowledge of other subbasin attributes such as condition, can

be used to set regional priorities and

guide allocation of funds for a variety of

activities such as watershed restoration,

resource protection, species recovery

efforts, acquisition of additional information, and more detailed assessment of

smaller sized watersheds. These ranks

should be used as a tool to address

program objectives, such as, restoration

activities, or resource protection.

Unlike national forests in the western

United States that have large consolidated tracts of land, southern national

forests usually contain many private land

inholdings. Rarely does the Forest Service own entire drainages in the Southern

Region. With few exceptions, less than 30

percent of most subbasins are in national

forest ownership. Since the majority of

national forest streams and other aquatic

habitats are vulnerable to other activities

occurring within a subbasin, they can

only be conserved by cooperative efforts

and effective, integrated land-use planning on a regional scale (Shute et al.

1997). In order to improve the conditions

of our watersheds, it is incumbent upon

the national forests in the South to work

collaboratively with all landowners and

other agencies within those watersheds.
66

Conclusions and

Recommendations

organizations, and other interested groups

to enhance biodiversity conservation in

all relevant subbasins, including those

with a low conservation ranking.

Forests and districts should consider the

following actions to conserve aquatic

biodiversity on national forests in the

Southern Region, starting with priority

watersheds:

National Forest Level

 Recognize priority subbasins in forest

and resource plan revisions.

 Use watershed analyses to identify

and characterize the major ecological

attributes and processes in the

watersheds.

 Develop and validate (via monitoring)

cumulative effects models to better

understand the effect of management

activities on aquatic communities.

 Develop and implement standardized,

valid monitoring protocols. Focus

monitoring efforts to address specific

objectives that are linked to specific

questions.

 Work with state agencies to focus on

native species in areas containing

unique or imperiled communities or

species rather than stocking of

nonnative species.

The conservation ranks identified

18 priority subbasins (subbasins

with a high Conservation Rank)

that contain national forest lands in the

Southern Region. Of the 18 priority

subbasins, 11 have been identified as

“watershed hot spots” (subbasins that

contain 10 or more at-risk freshwater fish

and mussel species) by TNC (Masters et

al. 1998; Table 9). National forests in

these subbasins have the greatest potential for significant contributions to the

conservation and restoration of aquatic

biodiversity. Subbasins in these national

forests should be considered the most

sensitive to land management activities

and should receive the highest priority

for aquatic inventories, monitoring, and

research.

Ten subbasins that ranked medium and

five subbasins that ranked low in the

conservation ranking also were listed

as watershed hot spots (Table 9). This

suggests that aquatic biodiversity on or

near national forest lands does not necessarily reflect the aquatic biodiversity of

the subbasin. It does however, clearly

demonstrate the need for the Forest

Service to be an active partner with

other federal and state agencies, local

residents, businesses, industry, non-profit
67

 Develop prescriptions to protect or

restore riparian areas and ripariandependent species.

 Incorporate these recommendations

into revisions and amendments of all

forest plans.

 Continue to develop public education

programs that promote the conservation of aquatic resources.

 Develop cooperative relationships

and partnerships with other federal

and state agencies, nonprofit organizations, and interested parties to protect, maintain, enhance, and restore

aquatic communities and habitat.

Watershed and Project Levels

 Evaluate transportation systems and

upgrade or close roads that are poorly

designed, located, or maintained.

 Close or relocate unpaved roads in

sensitive areas such as riparian,

sinkholes, seeps, and springs.

 Remove, relocate, or upgrade road

crossings that obstruct movement of

fish or other aquatic biota within and

among watersheds (e.g. undersized

culverts, fords).

 Evaluate recreation developments in

sensitive areas and close or rehabilitate sites exhibiting unacceptable

resource damage.

 Restrict the construction of new roads

and trails in sensitive areas such as

riparian, sinkholes, seeps, and

springs.

 Allocate sufficient resources to curtail

the use and development of unauthorized horse, mountain bike, hiking,

and off-highway vehicle trails.

One of the findings of this assessment

is the lack of basic information on the

distribution and habitat needs of aquatic

species on the national forests in the

Southern Region. In many cases, national

forests are implementing land management plans not only with inadequate

information on individual species but

also without any information on entire

taxonomic groups (i.e. fish, amphibians,

reptiles). Considering the recent declines

in federal budgets and work forces,

particularly those related to fish and

wildlife resources, this shortcoming is

understandable if not acceptable. The

Forest Service must make the commitment to address and resolve these issues.

Specific recommendations to address

these deficiencies are:

 Allocate resources to inventory

species and habitats in high priority

subbasins.

 Gather, store, and maintain data from

all available sources in the Natural

Resource Information System electronic database and GIS.

 Increase support and development of

the US Forest Service Center for

Aquatic Technology Transfer (CATT)

to assist national forest personnel in

the collection, analysis, and interpretation of information on aquatic

resources in the Southern Region.

 Expand additional technical centers

including support for additional CATT

units across the South to better meet

the needs of all of the national forests

in Southern Region.
68

 Continue or expand partnerships with

universities, private organizations,

and the US Forest Service Southern

Research Station.

 Provide support for the publication of

information on distribution, life histories, identification, etc of aquatic

organisms.

Although issues related to the conservation of biodiversity are important for all

national forests, the issues on the Caribbean National Forest are particularly

acute and were significantly underrepresented in this assessment. Studies of

freshwater shrimp and fishes in Puerto

Rico have demonstrated that dams,

culverts, water delivery systems, unregulated and illegal harvest, and other

anthropogenic pressures (i.e. pollution,

dredging) are imperiling many species

on the Caribbean National Forest and

throughout their range (Garcia and

Hemphill in prep; Hemphill and Garcia in

prep). Because much of the threat to the

biodiversity in Puerto Rico is from outside

the Caribbean National Forest, it is critical that the forest develop cooperative

relationships and partnerships with other

federal and state agencies, and other

interested parties.
69

Acknowledgements

The following Forest Service personnel are to be thanked for supplying data

and assistance: Kevin Leftwich and Ray Albright, National Forests in Alabama;

Vicki Bishop, John MacGregor, and Jon Walker, Daniel Boone National Forest;

Mitzi Cole and Cindy Wentworth, Chattahoochee and Oconee National Forests; Jim

Herrig, Stephanie Medlin, and Marcia Carter, Cherokee National Forest; Bobby

Grinstead, Carrie Sekerak, and Will Ebaugh, National Forests in Florida; David Byrd

and John Novosad, Kisatchie National Forest; Rick Dillard and Larry Clay, National

Forests in Mississippi; Dawn Kirk, Jim Nutt, Terry Flaherty, Steve Tanguay, Fred Huber

and Gary Kappesser, George Washington and Jefferson National Forests; Rich

Standage, Lisa Hlass, Betty Crump and Alan Clingenpeel, Ouachita National Forest;

Craig Hilburn and Karen Tinkle, Ozark-St. Francis National Forests; Donley Hill,

Sheryl Bryan, Jeanne Riley, and Doreen Miller, National Forests in North Carolina;

Barnie Gyant, Robin Roecker, and Bill Hansen, Francis Marion and Sumter National

Forests; Dave Peterson and Dawn Carrie, National Forests in Texas; Ernesto Garcia,

Caribbean National Forest, and Kelly Russell, Leigh McDougal, and Dave Meriwether,

Regional Office.

Special thanks to reviewers Patricia Flebbe, Kevin Leftwich, Jack Holcomb, Paul

Angermeier, Mel Warren, Tom Darden, and Southern Appalachian Forest Coalition

members.

Photograph credits – cover: Michael J. Pinder for candy darter, Etheostoma osburni;

Bud LaRoche for James River view; Wendell Haag for fine lined pocketbook, Lampsilis

altilis; and USDA Forest Service for marbled salamander, Ambystoma opaqum.

This document was compiled in 1998 by:

Leigh McDougal, Regional Freshwater Mollusk Coordinator

(currently in Region 5 - California)

Kelly Russell, Regional Fisheries Program Manager

Forward and Conclusions and Recommendations written in 2001 by:

Kevin Leftwich, Regional Aquatic Ecologist, with contributions by George Bukenhofer,

Tom Darden, Andy Dolloff, Mary Freeman, Ernie Garcia, Nina Hemphill, Jack

Holcomb, Kelly Russell, and Mark Scott.
70

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84

Appendix A

Subbasins (U.S. EPA 1999) and aquatic subregions (Edwards 1999) that

occur on national forests in the South.

Aquatic Subregion HUC # Subbasin States National Forests

Chesapeake 02070001 South Branch Potomac VA George Washington

Chesapeake 02070003 Cacapon-Town WV George Washington

Chesapeake 02070005 South Fork Shenandoah VA George Washington

Chesapeake 02070006 North Fork Shenandoah VA George Washington

Chesapeake 02080201 Upper James VA, WV George Washington/

Jefferson

Chesapeake 02080202 Maury VA George Washington

Chesapeake 02080203 Middle James-Buffalo VA George Washington

Chesapeake 03010101 Upper Roanoke VA Jefferson

Chesapeake 03020106 Bogue-Core Sounds NC Croatan

Chesapeake 03020204 Lower Neuse NC Croatan

South Atlantic 03030003 Deep NC Uwharrie

South Atlantic 03040101 Upper Yadkin NC Pisgah

South Atlantic 03040103 Lower Yadkin NC Uwharrie

South Atlantic 03040104 Upper Pee Dee NC Uwharrie

South Atlantic 03050101 Upper Catawba NC Pisgah

South Atlantic 03050106 Lower Broad SC Sumter

South Atlantic 03050107 Tyger SC Sumter

South Atlantic 03050108 Enoree SC Sumter

South Atlantic 03050112 Santee SC Francis Marion

South Atlantic 03050201 Cooper SC Francis Marion

South Atlantic 03060101 Seneca NC, SC Nantahala/Sumter

South Atlantic 03060102 Tugaloo GA, NC, SC Chattahooche/

Nantahala/Sumter

South Atlantic 03060103 Upper Savannah SC Sumter

South Atlantic 03060104 Broad GA Chattahoochee

South Atlantic 03060107 Stevens SC Sumter

South Atlantic 03070101 Upper Oconee GA Oconee
85

Aquatic Subregion HUC # Subbasin States National Forests

South Atlantic 03070103 Upper Ocmulgee GA Oconee

South Atlantic 03070204 St Mary’s FL Osceola

South Atlantic 03080101 Upper St Johns FL Ocala

South Atlantic 03080102 Ocklawaha FL Ocala

Florida Gulf 03110201 Upper Suwannee FL Osceola

Florida Gulf 03110206 Santa Fe FL Osceola

Florida Gulf 03120001 Apalachee Bay-St. Marks FL Appalachicola

Florida Gulf 03120003 Lower Ochlockonee FL Appalachicola

Florida Gulf 03130001 Upper Chattahoochee GA Chattahoochee

Florida Gulf 03130011 Apalachicola FL Appalachicola

Florida Gulf 03130013 New FL Appalachicola

Florida Gulf 03140103 Yellow AL Conecuh

Florida Gulf 03140104 Blackwater AL Conecuh

Florida Gulf 03140301 Upper Conecuh AL Conecuh

Florida Gulf 03140304 Lower Conecuh AL Conecuh

Mobile 03150101 Conasauga GA, Tn Chattahoochee/Cherokee

Mobile 03150102 Coosawattee GA Chattahoochee

Mobile 03150103 Oostanaula GA Chattahoochee

Mobile 03150104 Etowah GA Chattahoochee

Mobile 03150105 Upper Coosa Al, GA Talladega/Chattahoochee

Mobile 03150106 Middle Coosa AL Talladega

Mobile 03150107 Lower Coosa AL Talladega

Mobile 03150108 Upper Tallapoosa AL Talladega

Mobile 03150109 Middle Tallapoosa AL Talladega

Mobile 03150110 Lower Tallapoosa AL Tuskegee

Mobile 03150201 Upper Alabama AL Talladega

Mobile 03150202 Cahaba AL Talladega

Mobile 03160102 Town MS Tombigbee

Mobile 03160104 Tibbee MS Tombigbee

Mobile 03160108 Noxubee MS Tombigbee

Mobile 03160109 Mulberry AL Bankhead

Mobile 03160110 Sipsey Fork AL Bankhead

Mobile 03160113 Lower Black Warrior AL Talladega

Ms Embayment 03170003 Lower Chickasawhay MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03170004 Upper Leaf MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03170005 Lower Leaf MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03170006 Pascagoula MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03170007 Black MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03170009 Mississippi Coastal MS De Soto

Ms Embayment 03180001 Upper Pearl MS Tombigbee/Bienville

Ms Embayment 03180002 Middle Pearl-Strong MS Bienville
86

Aquatic Subregion HUC # Subbasin States National Forests

Upper Mississippi 05050001 Upper New VA Jefferson

Upper Mississippi 05050002 Middle New VA, WV Jefferson

Upper Mississippi 05050003 Greenbrier WV, VA George Washington

Upper Mississippi 05070202 Upper Levisa VA Jefferson

Upper Mississippi 05100101 Licking KY Daniel Boone

Upper Mississippi 05100201 North Fork Kentucky KY Daniel Boone

Upper Mississippi 05100202 Middle Fork Kentucky KY Daniel Boone

Upper Mississippi 05100203 South Fork Kentucky KY Daniel Boone

Upper Mississippi 05100204 Upper Kentucky KY Daniel Boone

Tn-Cumberland 05130101 Upper Cumberland KY Daniel Boone/Jefferson

Tn-Cumberland 05130102 Rockcastle KY Daniel Boone

Tn-Cumberland 05130103 Upper CumberlandCumberland LakeKY Daniel Boone

Tn-Cumberland 05130104 South Fork Cumberland KY Daniel Boone

Tn-Cumberland 06010101 North Fork Holston VA Jefferson

Tn-Cumberland 06010102 South Fork Holston TN, VA Cherokee/Jefferson

Tn-Cumberland 06010103 Watauga TN, NC Cherokee/Pisgah

Tn-Cumberland 06010105 Upper French Broad TN, NC Cherokee/Pisgah

Tn-Cumberland 06010106 Pigeon TN, NC Cherokee/Pisgah

Tn-Cumberland 06010108 Nolichucky TN, NC Cherokee/Pisgah

Tn-Cumberland 06010202 Upper Little Tn GA, NC Cherokee/Nantahala

Tn-Cumberland 06010203 Tuckasegee NC Nantahala

Tn-Cumberland 06010204 Lower Little Tn TN, NC Cherokee/Nantahala

Tn-Cumberland 06010205 Upper Clinch VA Jefferson

Tn-Cumberland 06010206 Powell VA Jefferson

Tn-Cumberland 06020001 Middle Tn-Chickamauga GA Chattahoochee

Tn-Cumberland 06020002 Hiwassee GA, TN, NC Chattahoochee/Cherokee/-

Nantahala

Tn-Cumberland 06020003 Ocoee GA, TN Chattahoochee/Cherokee

Tn-Cumberland 06030002 Wheeler Lake AL Bankhead

Tn-Cumberland 06030005 Pickwick Lake AL Bankhead

Tn-Cumberland 06030006 Bear AL Bankhead

Ms Embayment 08010207 Upper Hatchie MS Holly Springs

Ms Embayment 08010208 Lower Hatchie MS Holly Springs

Ms Embayment 08010210 Wolf MS Holly Springs

Ms Embayment 08020100 Lower MS/Memphis AR St Francis

Interior Highlands 08020203 Lower St. Francis AR St Francis

Ms Embayment 08020304 Big AR Ozark

Ms Embayment 08030201 Little Tallahatchie MS Holly Springs

Ms Embayment 08030202 Tallahatchie MS Tombigbee

Ms Embayment 08030203 Yocona MS Holly Springs

Ms Embayment 08030204 Coldwater MS Holly Springs
87

Aquatic Subregion HUC # Subbasin States National Forests

Ms Embayment 08030205 Yalobusha MS Tombigbee

Ms Embayment 08030207 Big Sunflower MS Delta

Ms Embayment 08030208 Lower Yazoo MS Delta

Interior Highlands 08040101 Ouachita Headwaters AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 08040102 Upper Ouachita AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 08040103 Little Missouri AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 08040203 Upper Saline AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 08040206 Bayou D’Arbonne LA Kisatchie

Ms Embayment 08040303 Dugdemona LA Kisatchie

Ms Embayment 08040304 Little River LA Kisatchie

Ms Embayment 08060203 Bayou Pierre MS Homochitto

Ms Embayment 08060205 Homochitto MS Homochitto

Ms Embayment 08060206 Buffalo MS Homochitto

Ms Embayment 08070202 Amite MS Homochitto

Ms Embayment 08080102 Bayou Teche LA Kisatchie

Texas Gulf 08080203 Upper Calcasieu LA Kisatchie

Texas Gulf 08080204 Whisky Chitto LA Kisatchie

Interior Highlands 11010001 Beaver Reservoir AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11010004 Middle White AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11010005 Buffalo AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11010014 Little Red AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110103 Illinois AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110104 Robert S. Kerr Reservoir AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110105 Poteau AR, OK Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11110201 Frog-Mulberry AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110202 Dardanelle Reservoir AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110203 Lake Conway-Pt Remove AR Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110204 Petit Jean AR Ouachita/Ozark

Interior Highlands 11110206 Fourche La Fave AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11110207 Lower Ark-Maumelle AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140101 Bois D’arc-Island TX Caddo NG

Interior Highlands 11140105 Kiamichi OK Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140106 Pecan-Waterhole OK Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140107 Upper Little OK Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140108 Mountain Fork OK, AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140109 Lower Little OK, AR Ouachita

Interior Highlands 11140203 Loggy Bayou LA Kisatchie

Interior Highlands 11140207 Lower Red-Lake Iatt LA Kisatchie

Interior Highlands 11140208 Saline Bayou LA Kisatchie

Interior Highlands 11140301 Sulphur Headwaters TX Caddo NG

Texas Gulf 12010004 Toledo Bend Reservoir TX Sabine
88

Aquatic Subregion HUC # Subbasin States National Forests

Texas Gulf 12020002 Middle Neches TX Davy Crockett/Angelina

Texas Gulf 12020005 Lower Angelina TX Angelina/Sabine

Texas Gulf 12030106 East Fork Trinity TX L.B.J. NG

Texas Gulf 12030202 Lower Trinity-Kickapoo TX Sam Houston

Texas Gulf 12040101 West Fork San Jacinto TX Sam Houston

Texas Gulf 12040103 East Fork San Jacinto TX Sam Houston

Caribbean 21010005 Eastern Puerto Rico PR Caribbean
89

Appendix B

Percentage of each subbasin for which adequate distributional data exists for

aquatic species groups. Stream Hab represents the percentage of stream habitat for which physical data is available.

Subbasin State Fish Mussel Snail Crayfish Insect Amphib Reptile Stream

Hab

South Branch

Potomac

VA 50 0 0 0 60 0 0 0

Cacapon-Town WV 40 20 10 0 10 0 0 0

South Fork

Shenandoah VA 70 10 0 0 30 40 0 10

North Fork

Shenandoah VA 70 10 0 0 50 30 10 10

Upper James VA 60 50 0 0 40 10 0 10

Maury VA 60 60 0 0 60 10 0 60

Middle JamesBuffalo

VA 60 60 0 0 60 10 0 60

Upper Roanoke VA 50 60 0 0 30 10 0 30

Bogue-Core

Sounds

NC 60 90 90 90 0 0 0 0

Lower Neuse NC 60 90 90 90 0 0 0 0

Deep River NC 50 90 90 90 0 0 0 0

Upper Yadkin NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower Yadkin NC 50 90 90 90 0 0 0 0

Upper Pee Dee NC 50 90 90 90 0 0 0 0

Upper Catawba NC 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 10

Lower Broad SC 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tyger SC 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Enoree SC 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Santee SC 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cooper SC 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Seneca NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Seneca SC 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tugaloo GA 60 60 20 30 50 30 10 10

Tugaloo SC 40 10 0 0 10 0 0 0

Tugaloo NC 80 80 0 0 0 10 0 40
90

Subbasin State Fish Mussel Snail Crayfish Insect Amphib Reptile Stream

Hab

Upper Savannah SC 40 10 0 0 10 0 0 0

Broad GA 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Stevens SC 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upper Oconee GA 50 60 0 0 0 20 10 0

Upper Ocmulgee GA 60 60 0 0 0 10 10 0

St Mary’s FL 10 10 10 10 0 0 20 0

Upper St Johns FL 50 50 70 70 0 0 70 0

Ocklawaha FL 50 50 10 10 0 0 70 0

Upper Suwannee FL 10 10 10 10 0 0 20 0

Santa Fe FL 10 10 10 10 0 0 20 0

Apalachee Bay-St

Marks

FL 20 20 10 10 0 0 20 0

Lower

Ochlockonee

FL 40 40 10 50 0 0 50 0

Upper

Chattahoochee

GA 70 50 20 20 30 10 10 10

Apalachicola FL 50 50 10 10 0 0 70 0

New FL 20 20 10 10 0 0 20 0

Yellow AL 50 90 80 10 10 30 30 0

Blackwater AL 50 90 80 10 10 30 30 0

Upper Conecuh AL 40 90 80 10 10 30 30 0

Lower Conecuh AL 40 90 80 10 10 30 30 0

Conasauga GA 80 80 30 30 30 10 10 10

Conasauga TN 20 90 0 0 0 10 0 90

Coosawattee GA 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oostanaula GA 60 20 20 20 20 0 0 0

Etowah GA 80 60 20 10 20 0 0 0

Upper Coosa GA 60 20 20 10 10 0 0 0

Upper Coosa AL 50 70 70 0 10 10 10 0

Middle Coosa AL 50 80 70 0 10 10 10 0

Lower Coosa AL 50 80 70 0 10 10 10 0

Upper Tallapoosa AL 50 80 0 0 10 10 10 0

Middle Tallapoosa AL 50 50 0 10 10 10 10 0

Lower Tallapoosa AL 90 90 0 0 20 30 30 0

Upper Alabama AL 50 10 0 0 10 10 10 0

Cahaba AL 50 80 70 0 10 20 20 0

Town MS 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tibbee MS 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Noxubee MS 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 10

Mulberry Fork AL 20 10 10 0 10 20 20 0

Sipsey Fork AL 80 90 70 0 10 30 30 0

Lower Black

Warrior

AL 50 80 80 0 10 10 10 0
91

Subbasin State Fish Mussel Snail Crayfish Insect Amphib Reptile Stream

Hab

Lower

Chickasawhay

MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upper Leaf MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower Leaf MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pascagoula MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Black MS 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

MS Coastal MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

Upper Pearl MS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle PearlStrong

MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upper New VA 40 30 0 0 30 10 0 10

Middle New VA 40 30 0 0 30 10 0 10

Greenbrier WV 30 20 0 10 10 0 0 0

Upper Levisa VA 50 20 0 0 50 10 0 30

Licking KY 10 10 0 0 0 10 0 10

North Fork

Kentucky

KY 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle Fork

Kentucky

KY 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

South Fork

Kentucky

KY 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upper Kentucky KY 10 10 0 0 10 10 0 10

Upper

Cumberland KY 20 30 10 10 10 0 0 10

Upper

Cumberland KY 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rockcastle KY 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 10

U. CumberlandCumb. Lake

KY 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

South Fork

Cumberland KY 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

North Fork

Holston

VA 50 50 10 0 40 10 0 60

South Fork

Holston

VA 50 50 0 0 40 10 0 60

South Fork

Holston

TN 70 0 0 0 0 0 10 90

Watauga NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Watauga TN 70 0 0 0 0 0 10 90

Upper French

Broad NC 80 10 0 0 0 10 0 10

Upper French

Broad TN 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 90

Pigeon TN 10 90 90 0 0 0 0 90

Pigeon NC 90 10 0 0 0 10 0 0

Nolichucky NC 80 80 0 0 0 10 0 10

Nolichucky TN 60 20 0 0 0 10 10 90

Upper Little

Tennessee

GA 80 20 20 20 20 20 10 0
92

Subbasin State Fish Mussel Snail Crayfish Insect Amphib Reptile Stream

Hab

Upper Little

Tennessee

NC 80 80 0 0 0 10 0 10

Tuckasegee NC 80 40 0 0 0 0 0 10

Lower Little

Tennessee

TN 40 50 0 0 0 20 20 90

Lower Little

Tennessee

NC 80 10 0 0 0 10 0 10

Upper Clinch VA 50 60 10 0 50 10 0 50

Powell VA 50 60 0 0 50 10 0 50

Middle TnChickamauga

GA 60 30 20 10 10 0 0 0

Hiwassee TN 50 90 50 20 0 10 10 90

Hiwassee GA 70 30 30 30 30 10 10 10

Hiwassee NC 80 40 0 0 0 10 0 10

Ocoee GA 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ocoee TN 40 90 0 0 0 10 10 90

Wheeler Lake AL 20 0 0 0 10 10 10 0

Pickwick Lake AL 20 0 0 0 10 10 10 0

Bear AL 20 0 0 0 10 10 10 0

Upper Hatchie MS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower Hatchie MS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wolf MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

Lower MississippiMemphis

AR 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower St. Francis AR 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0

Big AR 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0

Little Tallahatchie MS 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 10

Tallahatchie MS 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Yocona MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coldwater MS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Yalobusha MS 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Big Sunflower MS 10 80 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower Yazoo MS 20 80 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ouachita

Headwaters

AR 20 70 0 30 10 0 0 10

Upper Ouachita AR 20 0 0 20 0 0 0 0

Little Missouri AR 80 80 0 30 10 0 0 10

Upper Saline AR 40 80 0 20 10 0 0 10

Bayou D’arbonne LA 70 80 0 20 20 0 0 20

Dugdemona LA 30 60 0 0 10 0 0 20

Little River LA 40 60 0 20 50 0 0 30

Bayou Pierre MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Homochitto MS 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 20

Buffalo MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
93

Subbasin State Fish Mussel Snail Crayfish Insect Amphib Reptile Stream

Hab

Amite MS 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bayou Teche LA 80 90 0 20 60 0 0 30

Upper Calcasieu LA 20 60 0 10 10 0 0 0

Whisky Chitto LA 80 40 0 10 80 0 0 20

Beaver Reservoir AR 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

Middle White AR 50 50 0 0 30 0 0 30

Buffalo AR 30 30 0 10 10 0 0 20

Little Red AR 80 0 0 80 0 0 0 0

Illinois AR 70 50 0 0 20 30 0 30

Robert S. Kerr

Reservoir

AR 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Poteau AR/OK 10 90 0 20 0 0 0 0

Frog-Mulberry AR 50 50 0 0 10 0 0 20

Dardanelle

Reservoir

AR 30 30 0 10 0 0 0 10

Lake ConwayPoint Remove

AR 50 0 0 10 0 0 0 0

Petit Jean AR 20 0 0 20 10 0 0 10

Petit Jean AR 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fourche LaFave AR 10 40 0 20 0 0 0 0

Lower ArkMaumelle

AR 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0

Bois D’arc-Island TX 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

Kiamichi OK 10 90 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pecan-Waterhole AR/OK 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upper Little River OK 30 90 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mountain Fork AR/OK 10 0 0 0 10 0 0 10

Lower Little River AR/OK 30 90 0 20 10 0 0 10

Loggy Bayou LA 20 20 0 10 0 0 0 0

Lower Red-Lake

Iatt LA 90 90 0 30 50 0 0 30

Saline Bayou LA 40 80 0 0 0 0 0 10

Sulpher

Headwaters

TX 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Toledo Bend

Reservoir

TX 50 10 0 10 30 0 0 0

Middle Neches TX 80 40 0 10 60 0 0 10

Lower Angelina TX 50 40 0 10 30 0 0 10

E. Fork Trinity TX 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lower TrinityKickapoo

TX 50 20 0 10 10 0 0 10

W. Fork San

Jacinto

TX 70 20 0 0 10 0 0 0

E. Fork San

Jacinto

TX 70 20 0 0 10 0 0 0

Eastern Puerto

Rico

PR 10 0 0 20 0 0 0 10
94

Appendix C

Rare aquatic species, sorted by Subbasin, found on or near national forests in

the South.

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070001 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Gomphus viridifrons S 02070001 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 02070001 P 8 VA MAMMAL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 02070003 P 8 WV BIRD

Lasmigona subviridis S 02070003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Stygobromus morrisoni S 02070003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus sp. Nov. (sp. 7) S 02070005 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070006 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 02070006 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Stygobromus gracilipes S 02070006 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02080201 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 02080201 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Gomphus viridifrons S 02080201 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 02080201 P 8 VA BIRD

Hydraena maureenae S 02080201 P 8 VA BEETLE

Notropis semperasper S 02080201 P 8 VA FISH

Noturus gilberti S 02080201 P 8 VA FISH

Pleurobema collina E 02080201 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 02080201 P 8 VA MAMMAL

Stygobromus fergusoni S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus morrisoni S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus mundus S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Pleurobema collina E 02080202 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Elliptio lanceolata S 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema collina E 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL
95

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Elliptio lanceolata S 03010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 03010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Noturus gilberti S 03010101 P 8 VA FISH

Percina rex E 03010101 P 9 VA FISH

Stygobromus fergusoni S 03010101 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03020106 P 11 NC FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03020106 P 11 NC REPTILE

Fusconaia masoni S 03020106 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03020106 P 11 NC BIRD

Procambarus plumimanus S 03020106 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Rana capito capito S 03020106 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Toxolasma pullus S 03020106 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03020204 P 11 NC FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03020204 P 11 NC REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03020204 P 11 NC BIRD

Procambarus plumimanus S 03020204 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Rana capito capito S 03020204 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Gomphus diminutus S 03030003 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Gomphus septima S 03030003 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03040101 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03040103 P 11 NC BIRD

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Etheostoma collis S 03040104 P 11 NC FISH

Fusconaia masoni S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03040104 P 11 NC BIRD

Lasmigona subviridis S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Semotilus lumbee S 03040104 P 11 NC FISH

Toxolasma pullus S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Villosa vaughaniana S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03050101 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Cyprinella zanema S 03050101 P 11 NC FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050106 P 12 SC BIRD

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03050112 P 12 SC FISH

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03050112 P 12 SC AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050112 P 12 SC BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03050112 P 12 SC BIRD

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03050201 P 12 SC FISH

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03050201 P 12 SC AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050201 P 12 SC BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03050201 P 12 SC BIRD

Agapetus jocassee S 03060101 P 11 NC CADDISFLY
96

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Agapetus jocassee S 03060102 P 11 NC CADDISFLY

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060102 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Cambarus chaugaensis S 03060102 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus chaugaensis S 03060102 P 12 SC CRAYFISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03060102 P 3 GA BIRD

Moxostoma lachneri S 03060102 P 3 GA FISH

Notropis hypsilepsis S 03060102 P 3 GA FISH

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060103 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Lasmigona decorata E 03060103 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060107 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03060107 P 12 SC BIRD

Lasmigona decorata E 03060107 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Cyprinella xaenura S 03070101 P 3 GA FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070101 P 3 GA BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03070101 P 3 GA BIRD

Cyprinella callisema S 03070103 P 3 GA FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070103 P 3 GA BIRD

Pyganodon gibbosa S 03070103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03070204 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03070204 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070204 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03070204 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03070204 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03080101 P 5 FL REPTILE

Aphaostracon pyncus S 03080101 P 5 FL SNAIL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03080101 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03080101 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03080101 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03080101 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Pleurobema pyriforme S 03080101 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Procambarus delicatus S 03080101 P 5 FL CRAYFISH

Pseudemys c. suwanniensis S 03080101 P 5 FL REPTILE

Rana capito aesopus S 03080101 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Trichechus manatus E 03080101 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03080102 P 5 FL REPTILE

Elliptio ahenea S 03080102 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03080102 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03080102 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03080102 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03080102 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN
97

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Rana capito aesopus S 03080102 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Alligator mississippiensis T 03110201 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03110201 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03110201 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03110201 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03110201 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03110201 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Alligator mississippiensis T 03110206 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03110206 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03110206 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03110206 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03110206 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03120001 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Crangonx hobbsi S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIPOD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03120001 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03120001 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03120001 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Procambarus orcinus S 03120001 P 5 FL CRAYFISH

Progomphus bellei S 03120001 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Rana capito aesopus S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Somatochlora calverti S 03120001 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03120003 P 5 FL FISH

Alasmidonta wrightiana S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03120003 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03120003 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Cordulegaster sayi S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Cyprinella leedsi S 03120003 P 5 FL FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03120003 P 5 FL BIRD

Lampsilis subangulata E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Medionidus penicillatus E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Medionidus simpsonianus E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Megalonaias boykiana S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Mycteria americana E 03120003 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03120003 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Pleurobema pyriforme E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Progomphus bellei S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Pseudemys c. suwanniensis S 03120003 P 5 FL REPTILE

Somatochlora calverti S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Trichechus manatus T 03120003 P 5 FL MAMMAL
98

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Utterbackia peggyae S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Villosa villosa S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Cyprinella callitaenia S 03130001 P 3 GA FISH

Macromia margarita S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus edmundo S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03130011 P 5 FL FISH

Alasmidonta wrightiana S 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03130011 P 5 FL REPTILE

Amblema neislerii E 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03130011 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Elliptoideus sloantianus T 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Graptemys barbouri S 03130011 P 5 FL REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03130011 P 5 FL BIRD

Lampsilis subangulata E 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Micropterus notius S 03130011 P 5 FL FISH

Mycteria americana E 03130011 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03130011 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Trichechus manatus T 03130011 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03130013 P 5 FL REPTILE

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03130013 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03130013 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03130013 P 5 FL BIRD

Neofiber alleni S 03130013 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Pleurobema pyriforme E 03130013 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03140103 P 1 AL FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140103 P 1 AL REPTILE

Etheostoma davisoni S 03140103 P 1 AL FISH

Fusconaia succissa S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Graptemys ernsti S 03140103 P 1 AL REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03140103 P 1 AL BIRD

Ptychobranchus jonesi S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Rana capito sevosa S 03140103 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Villosa australis S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa choctawensis S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140104 P 1 AL REPTILE

Progomphus bellei S 03140104 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Rana capito sevosa S 03140104 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Stylurus townesi S 03140104 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140301 P 1 AL REPTILE

Rana capito sevosa S 03140301 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN
99

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140304 P 1 AL REPTILE

Etheostoma davisoni S 03140304 P 1 AL FISH

Graptemys ernsti S 03140304 P 1 AL REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03140304 P 1 AL BIRD

Rana capito sevosa S 03140304 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Elliptio arctata S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma trisella S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma trisella S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Gomphus consanguis S 03150101 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Lampsilis altilis T 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Noturus munitus S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Ophiogomphus edmundo S 03150101 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Percina antesella E 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina antesella E 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Percina jenkinsi E 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina jenkinsi E 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL
100

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150102 P 3 GA FISH

Percina aurolineata T 03150102 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150102 P 3 GA FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Gomphus consanguis S 03150103 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Percina palmaris S 03150103 P 3 GA FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Quadrula rumphiana S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma etowahae E 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma scotti T 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Noturus munitus S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina antesella E 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150104 X 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150104 X 3 GA MUSSEL

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma trisella S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150105 P 1 AL BIRD

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lioplax cyclostomaformis E 03150105 X 3 GA SNAIL

Percina palmaris S 03150105 P 1 AL FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150105 P 3 AL MUSSEL
101

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Anodontoides radiatus S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Elimia crenatella T 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150106 P 1 AL BIRD

Lampsilis altilis T 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Leptoxis taeniata T 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Lioplax cyclostomaformis E 03150106 X 1 AL SNAIL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03150106 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Percina palmaris S 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Tulotoma magnifica E 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150107 P 1 AL BIRD

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150107 P 1 AL FISH

Lampsilis altilis T 03150107 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150107 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Tulotoma magnifica E 03150107 P 1 AL SNAIL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150107 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Cambarus englishi S 03150108 P 1 AL CRAYFISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150108 P 1 AL FISH

Lampsilis altilis T 03150108 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Percina palmaris S 03150108 P 1 AL FISH

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150108 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Cambarus englishi S 03150109 P 1 AL CRAYFISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150109 P 1 AL FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150109 P 1 AL FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03150110 P 1 AL REPTILE

Crystallaria asprella S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Elliptio arctata S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH
102

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Lampsilis altilis T 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Notropis uranoscopus S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Crystallaria asprella S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Gomphus parvidens S 03150202 X 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150202 P 1 AL BIRD

Homoeoneuria cahabensis S 03150202 P 1 AL MAYFLY

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Lampsilis altilis T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis perovalis T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Leptoxis taeniata T 03150202 X 1 AL SNAIL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Notropis cahabae E 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Notropis uranoscopus S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Noturus munitus S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Percina lenticula S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Pleurobema decisum E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Quadrula metanevra S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Quadrula rumphiana S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Scaphirynchus suttkusi P 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Strophitus subvexus S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03160104 P 7 MS REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160104 P 7 MS BIRD

Strophitus subvexus S 03160104 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03160108 P 7 MS REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160108 P 7 MS BIRD

Pleurobema decisum E 03160108 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03160108 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Necturus sp. S 03160109 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Sternotherus depressus T 03160109 P 1 AL REPTILE

Elliptio arctata S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL
103

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Epioblasma metastriata E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Etheostoma bellator S 03160110 P 1 AL FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160110 P 1 AL BIRD

Lampsilis altilis T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis perovalis T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Necturus sp. S 03160110 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Pleurobema decisum E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema furvum E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Sternotherus depressus T 03160110 P 1 AL REPTILE

Strophitus subvexus S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03160113 P 1 AL FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170003 P 7 MS REPTILE

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170003 P 7 MS REPTILE

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170003 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170003 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170003 P 7 MS FISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170003 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170004 P 7 MS REPTILE

Elliptio arctata S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus barbiger S 03170004 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Strophitus subvexus S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170005 P 7 MS REPTILE

Elliptio arctata S 03170005 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170005 P 7 MS REPTILE

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170005 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170005 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170005 P 7 MS FISH

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170005 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus lecontei S 03170005 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170006 P 7 MS REPTILE

Fallicambarus byersi S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus danielae S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170006 P 7 MS REPTILE

Grus canadensis pulla E 03170006 P 7 MS BIRD
104

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03170006 P 7 MS BIRD

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170007 P 7 MS REPTILE

Anodontoides radiatus S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Fallicambarus gordoni S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170009 P 7 MS REPTILE

Anodontoides radiatus S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Fallicambarus byersi S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus danielae S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Grus canadensis pulla E 03170009 P 7 MS BIRD

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Rana capito sevosa S 03170009 P 7 MS AMPHIBIAN

Alligator mississippiensis T 03180001 P 7 MS REPTILE

Elliptio arctata S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus jaculus S 03180001 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Strophitus subvexus S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03180002 P 7 MS FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 03180002 P 7 MS REPTILE

Elliptio arctata S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Procambarus jaculus S 03180002 P 7 MS CRAYFISH
105

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Strophitus subvexus S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Gomphus viridifrons S 05050001 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Leptophlebia johnsoni S 05050001 P 8 VA MAYFLY

Megaleuctra williamsae S 05050001 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050001 P 8 VA FISH

Stygobromus fergusoni S 05050001 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Taeniopteryx nelsoni S 05050001 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Etheostoma osburni S 05050002 P 8 VA FISH

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050002 P 8 VA FISH

Stygobromus redactus S 05050002 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Caecidotea holsingeri S 05050003 P 8 WV ISOPOD

Cambarus n.veteranus S 05050003 P 8 WV CRAYFISH

Etheostoma osburni S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Fontigens tartarea S 05050003 P 8 WV SNAIL

Fontigens turritella S 05050003 P 8 WV SNAIL

Gyrinophilus subterraneus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIBIAN

Lasmigona subviridis S 05050003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Macrocotyle hoffmasteri S 05050003 P 8 WV FLATWORM

Percina gymnocephala S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Stygobromus emarginatus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus nanus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus parvus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus pollustus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus redactus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus spinatus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Etheostoma nigrum susanae S 05070202 P 8 VA FISH

Gomphus viridifrons S 05070202 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05100101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. rangiana E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. torulosa E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 05100101 P 2 KY BIRD

Noturus stigmosus S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Plethobasus cyphyus S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema clava E 05100101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema plenum E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. rangiana E 05100201 X 2 KY MUSSEL
106

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Pleurobema clava E 05100201 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma maculatum S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Noturus stigmosus S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Obovaria subrotunda S 05100202 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100202 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100204 P 2 KY FISH

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05100204 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05100204 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Obovaria subrotunda S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Acipenser fulvescens S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Alasmidonta atropurpurea E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Anodontoides denigratus S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Cambarus batchi S 05130101 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Cambarus bouchardi S 05130101 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Cumberlandia monodonta S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma brevidens E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. florentina E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma o. obliquata E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Etheostoma cinereum S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma nigrum susanae S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma percnurum E 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Fusconaia subrotunda S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 05130101 P 2 KY BIRD

Hemistena lata E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Lampsilis abrupta E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Leptoxis praerosa S 05130101 P 2 KY SNAIL

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05130101 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Notropis albizonatus E 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Notropis sp. (sawfin) S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Obovaria retusa E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Ophiogomphus howei S 05130101 P 2 KY DRAGONFLY

Pegias fabula E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL
107

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Percina burtoni S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Percina macrocephala S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Percina squamata S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130101 P 8 KY FISH

Plethobasus cicatricosus E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Plethobasus cooperianus E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema clava E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema plenum E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Typhlichthys subterraneus S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Villosa trabalis E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Cambarus batchi S 05130102 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Epioblasma brevidens E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Etheostoma cinereum S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Fusconaia subrotunda S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05130102 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Pegias fabula E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Pleurobema oviforme S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Villosa trabalis E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05130103 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130104 P 2 KY FISH

Dromus dromas E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. gubernaculum E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Io fluvialis S 06010101 P 8 VA SNAIL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Noturus flavippinis T 06010101 X 8 VA FISH

Pegias fabula E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL
108

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Percina burtoni S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010102 P 4 TN REPTILE

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010102 P 4 TN BIRD

Io fluvialis S 06010102 P 4 TN SNAIL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Leptophlebia johnsoni S 06010102 P 8 VA MAYFLY

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Megaleuctra williamsae S 06010102 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Percina burtoni S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010102 X 8 VA FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Phenacobius crassilabrum S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010102 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Taeniopteryx nelsoni S 06010102 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010103 P 4 TN BIRD

Percina macrocephala S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Acipenser fulvescens S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Agapetus jocassee S 06010105 P 11 NC CADDISFLY

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Cambarus reburrus S 06010105 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010105 P 11 NC REPTILE

Cyprinella monacha T 06010105 X 11 NC FISH

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Gomphus parvidens S 06010105 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010105 P 11 NC MUSSEL
109

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Macromia margarita S 06010105 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Pegius fabula E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Percina burtoni S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010105 X 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010105 P 4 TN FISH

Toxolasma lividus S 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010106 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Pegius fabula E 06010106 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010108 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010108 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010108 P 4 TN FISH

Io fluvialis S 06010108 P 4 TN SNAIL

Percina burtoni S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010108 P 4 TN FISH

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Cambarus georgiae S 06010202 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus georgiae S 06010202 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010202 P 11 NC REPTILE

Cyprinella monacha T 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Gomphus parvidens S 06010202 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06010202 P 3 GA FISH

Pegius fabula E 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Percina squamata S 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 06010202 P 11 NC MAMMAL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010203 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Cambarus reburrus S 06010203 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Cyprinella monacha T 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Epioblasma f. florentina E 06010204 X 4 TN MUSSEL

Etheostoma percnurum E 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Eurycea junaluska S 06010204 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Eurycea junaluska S 06010204 P 4 TN AMPHIBIAN

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010204 P 4 TN BIRD

Leptoxis crassa S 06010204 P 4 TN SNAIL

Noturus baileyi E 06010204 P 4 TN FISH
110

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Noturus flavipinnis T 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Cottus baileyi S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Cumberlandia monodonta S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. gubernaculum E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cuneolus E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Hemistena lata E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Io fluvialis S 06010205 P 8 VA SNAIL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lemiox rimosus E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Noturus flavippinis T 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Pegias fabula E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Percina burtoni S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Plethobasus cyphyus S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema cordatum S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema plenum E 06010205 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Stygobromus cumberlandus S 06010205 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Toxolasma lividus S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Villosa perpurpurea E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010206 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Erimystax cahni T 06010206 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 06010206 X 8 VA FISH

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cuneolus E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Hemistena lata E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL
111

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Lemiox rimosus E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Noturus flavippinis T 06010206 P 8 VA FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010206 X 8 VA FISH

Plethobasus cyphyus S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Stygobromus cumberlandus S 06010206 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Cambarus extraneus S 06020001 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Etheostoma cinereum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Notropis ariommus S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Percina squamata S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Phenacobius crassilabrum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Cambarus parrishi S 06020002 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus parrishi S 06020002 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06020002 P 3 GA REPTILE

Epioblasma f. florentina E 06020002 X 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020002 P 3 GA BIRD

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06020002 P 3 GA FISH

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Percina burtoni S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06020002 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Percina tanasi T 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Pleurobema oviforme S 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 06020002 P 11 NC MAMMAL

Villosa trabalis E 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020003 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020003 P 4 TN BIRD

Percina tanasi T 06020003 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06020003 P 4 TN FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010207 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010208 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010210 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020100 P 10 AR REPTILE

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 08020100 P 10 AR BIRD
112

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020203 P 10 AR REPTILE

Leptodea leptodon P 08020203 X 10 AR MUSSEL

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 08020203 P 10 AR BIRD

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020304 P 10 AR REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030201 P 7 MS REPTILE

Anodontoides radiatus S 08030201 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 08030201 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Etheostoma raneyi S 08030201 P 7 MS FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030201 P 7 MS BIRD

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030202 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030203 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030204 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030205 P 7 MS REPTILE

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030205 P 7 MS BIRD

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030207 P 7 MS REPTILE

Arcidens confragosus S 08030207 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030207 P 7 MS BIRD

Pleurobema pyramidatum S 08030207 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Scaphirhynchus albus E 08030207 P 7 MS FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030208 P 7 MS BIRD

Etheostoma pallididorsum S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040101 P 9 AR BIRD

Lampsilis powelli T 08040101 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Notropis perpallidus S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Orconectes menae S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Procambarus reimeri S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Procambarus tenuis S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Cyprogenia aberti S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Etheostoma pallididorsum S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Fallicambarus harpi S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus jeanae S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040102 P 9 AR BIRD

Notropis perpallidus S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Fallicambarus jeanae S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Notropis perpallidus S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Cyprogenia aberti S 08040203 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis powelli T 08040203 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Notropis perpallidus S 08040203 P 9 AR/OK FISH
113

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Noturus lachneri S 08040203 P 9 AR FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 08040206 P 6 LA FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040206 P 6 LA BIRD

Obovaria jacksoniana S 08040206 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 08040206 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Notropis sabinae S 08040304 P 6 LA FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060203 P 7 MS REPTILE

Crystallaria asprella S 08060203 P 7 MS FISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060205 P 7 MS REPTILE

Crystallaria asprella S 08060205 P 7 MS FISH

Homoeoneuria cahabensis S 08060205 P 7 MS MAYFLY

Procambarus jaculus S 08060205 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060206 P 7 MS REPTILE

Procambarus jaculus S 08060206 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 08070202 P 7 MS REPTILE

Fundulus euryzonus S 08070202 P 7 MS FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08080102 P 6 LA BIRD

Leuctra szczytkai S 08080102 P 6 LA STONEFLY

Margaritifera hembeli T 08080102 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 08080102 P 6 LA FISH

Orconectes hathawayi S 08080203 P 6 LA CRAYFISH

Ammocrypta clara S 08080204 P 6 LA FISH

Notropis sabinae S 08080204 P 6 LA FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 08080204 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Allocapnia jeanae S 11010001 P 10 AR STONEFLY

Allocapnia ozarkana S 11010001 P 10 AR STONEFLY

Amblyopsis rosae T 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Orconectes williamsi S 11010001 P 10 AR CRAYFISH

Percina nasuta S 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Percina uranidea S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Typhlichthys subterraneus S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010005 P 10 AR FISH

Etheostoma moorei S 11010014 P 10 AR FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11010014 P 10 AR BIRD

Percina nasuta S 11010014 P 10 AR FISH

Etheostoma cragini S 11110103 P 10 AR FISH

Eurycea tynerensis S 11110103 P 10 AR AMPHIBIAN

Notropis ozarcanus S 11110103 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis girardi T 11110104 P 10 AR FISH
114

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Paduniella nearctica S 11110104 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Percina nasuta S 11110104 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Procambarus tenuis S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Stygobromus montanus S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK AMPHIPOD

Dannella provonshai S 11110201 P 10 AR MAYFLY

Lampsilis hydiana S 11110201 P 10 AR MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11110201 X 10 AR MUSSEL

Paduniella nearctica S 11110201 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Percina nasuta S 11110201 P 10 AR FISH

Cambarus causeyi S 11110202 P 10 AR CRAYFISH

Notropis girardi T 11110202 P 10 AR FISH

Paduniella nearctica S 11110202 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Percina nasuta S 11110202 P 10 AR FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11110206 P 9 AR BIRD

Lampsilis hydiana S 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140101 P 13 TX BIRD

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Crystallaria asprella S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Quadrula metanevra S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 11140106 P 9 AR/OK REPTILE

Ammocrypta clara S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140106 P 9 AR BIRD

Notropis bairdi S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 11140106 P 9 AR/OK BIRD

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Faxonella blairi S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140107 P 9 AR BIRD

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL
115

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Percina pantherina T 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Pleurobema cordatum S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140108 P 9 AR BIRD

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Percina pantherina T 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Stygobromus montanus S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK AMPHIPOD

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Ammocrypta clara S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Crystallaria asprella S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Fallicambarus strawni S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Lampsilis abrupta E 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis bairdi S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Percina pantherina T 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Leuctra szczytkai S 11140207 P 6 LA STONEFLY

Margaritifera hembeli T 11140207 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Notropis sabinae S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140207 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Orconectes maletae S 11140207 P 6 LA CRAYFISH

Alligator mississippiensis T 12010004 P 13 TX REPTILE

Ammocrypta clara S 12010004 P 13 TX FISH

Arcidens confragosus S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Cycleptus elongatus S 12010004 P 13 TX FISH

Fusconaia askewi S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12010004 P 13 TX BIRD

Notropis sabinae S 12010004 X 13 TX FISH
116

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Pleurobema riddelli S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Somatochlora margarita S 12010004 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 12020002 P 13 TX REPTILE

Arcidens confragosus S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Cycleptus elongatus S 12020002 P 13 TX FISH

Fusconaia askewi S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12020002 P 13 TX BIRD

Lampsilis hydiana S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Notropis sabinae S 12020002 P 13 TX FISH

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Procambarus nechesae S 12020002 P 13 TX CRAYFISH

Procambarus nigrocinctus S 12020002 P 13 TX CRAYFISH

Somatochlora margarita S 12020002 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 12020005 P 13 TX REPTILE

Amblema plicata perplicata S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12020005 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Cycleptus elongatus S 12020005 P 13 TX FISH

Fusconaia lananensis S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12020005 P 13 TX BIRD

Lampsilis hydiana S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Notropis sabinae S 12020005 X 13 TX FISH

Pleurobema riddelli S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Quadrula pustulosa mortoni S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Somatochlora margarita S 12020005 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Arcidens confragosus S 12030106 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12030106 P 13 TX BIRD

Somatochlora margarita S 12030106 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 12030202 P 13 TX REPTILE

Arcidens confragosus S 12030202 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia askewi S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis satura S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Pleurobema riddelli S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Somatochlora margarita S 12030202 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 12040101 P 13 TX REPTILE

Cycleptus elongatus S 12040101 P 13 TX FISH

Fusconaia lananensis S 12040101 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12040101 P 13 TX BIRD

Notropis sabinae S 12040101 P 13 TX FISH
117

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Somatochlora margarita S 12040101 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Alligator mississippiensis T 12040103 P 13 TX REPTILE

Cycleptus elongatus S 12040103 P 13 TX FISH

Fusconaia lananensis S 12040103 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Notropis sabinae S 12040103 P 13 TX FISH

Quadrula houstonensis S 12040103 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Somatochlora margarita S 12040103 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY
118

Appendix D

Rare aquatic species, sorted by species type, found on or near national forests

in the South.

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03050112 P 12 SC AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03050201 P 12 SC AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03070204 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03110201 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03110206 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03120003 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03130011 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Ambystoma cingulatum T 03130013 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Eurycea junaluska S 06010204 P 4 TN AMPHIBIAN

Eurycea junaluska S 06010204 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Eurycea tynerensis S 11110103 P 10 AR AMPHIBIAN

Gyrinophilus subterraneus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIBIAN

Necturus sp. S 03160109 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Necturus sp. S 03160110 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03080101 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03080102 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03110201 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Notopthalmus perstriatus S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito aesopus S 03080101 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito aesopus S 03080102 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito aesopus S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito capito S 03020106 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito capito S 03020204 P 11 NC AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito sevosa S 03140103 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito sevosa S 03140104 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito sevosa S 03140301 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN
119

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Rana capito sevosa S 03140304 P 1 AL AMPHIBIAN

Rana capito sevosa S 03170009 P 7 MS AMPHIBIAN

Crangonx hobbsi S 03120001 P 5 FL AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus cumberlandus S 06010205 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus cumberlandus S 06010206 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus emarginatus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus fergusoni S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus fergusoni S 03010101 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus fergusoni S 05050001 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus gracilipes S 02070006 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus montanus S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus montanus S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus morrisoni S 02070003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus morrisoni S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus mundus S 02080201 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus nanus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus parvus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus pollustus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus redactus S 05050002 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus redactus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus sp. Nov. (sp. 7) S 02070005 P 8 VA AMPHIPOD

Stygobromus spinatus S 05050003 P 8 WV AMPHIPOD

Hydraena maureenae S 02080201 P 8 VA BEETLE

Grus canadensis pulla E 03170006 P 7 MS BIRD

Grus canadensis pulla E 03170009 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 02070003 P 8 WV BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 02080201 P 8 VA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03020106 P 11 NC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03020204 P 11 NC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03040103 P 11 NC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03040104 P 11 NC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050106 P 12 SC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050112 P 12 SC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03050201 P 12 SC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03060102 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03060107 P 12 SC BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070101 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070103 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03070204 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03080101 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03080102 P 5 FL BIRD
120

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03110201 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03110206 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03120001 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03120003 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03130011 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03130013 P 5 FL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03140103 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03140304 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150105 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150106 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150107 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03150202 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160104 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160108 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03160110 P 1 AL BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 03170006 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 05100101 P 2 KY BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 05130101 P 2 KY BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010102 P 4 TN BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010103 P 4 TN BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06010204 P 4 TN BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020002 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020003 P 3 GA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 06020003 P 4 TN BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030201 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030205 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030207 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08030208 P 7 MS BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040101 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040102 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08040206 P 6 LA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 08080102 P 6 LA BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11010014 P 10 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11110206 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140101 P 13 TX BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140106 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140107 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 11140108 P 9 AR BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12010004 P 13 TX BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12020002 P 13 TX BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12020005 P 13 TX BIRD
121

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12030106 P 13 TX BIRD

Haliaeetus leucocephalus T 12040101 P 13 TX BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03050112 P 12 SC BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03050201 P 12 SC BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03070101 P 3 GA BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03070204 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03080101 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03080102 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03110201 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03110206 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03120001 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03120003 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03130011 P 5 FL BIRD

Mycteria americana E 03130013 P 5 FL BIRD

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 08020100 P 10 AR BIRD

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 08020203 P 10 AR BIRD

Sterna antillarum athalassos E 11140106 P 9 AR/OK BIRD

Agapetus jocassee S 03060101 P 11 NC CADDISFLY

Agapetus jocassee S 03060102 P 11 NC CADDISFLY

Agapetus jocassee S 06010105 P 11 NC CADDISFLY

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05100204 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05130101 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Madeophylax sp 1 S 05130102 P 2 KY CADDISFLY

Paduniella nearctica S 11110104 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Paduniella nearctica S 11110201 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Paduniella nearctica S 11110202 P 10 AR CADDISFLY

Cambarus batchi S 05130101 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Cambarus batchi S 05130102 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Cambarus bouchardi S 05130101 P 2 KY CRAYFISH

Cambarus causeyi S 11110202 P 10 AR CRAYFISH

Cambarus chaugaensis S 03060102 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus chaugaensis S 03060102 P 12 SC CRAYFISH

Cambarus englishi S 03150108 P 1 AL CRAYFISH

Cambarus englishi S 03150109 P 1 AL CRAYFISH

Cambarus extraneus S 06020001 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus georgiae S 06010202 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus georgiae S 06010202 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Cambarus n.veteranus S 05050003 P 8 WV CRAYFISH

Cambarus parrishi S 06020002 P 3 GA CRAYFISH

Cambarus parrishi S 06020002 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Cambarus reburrus S 06010105 P 11 NC CRAYFISH
122

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Cambarus reburrus S 06010203 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus byersi S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus byersi S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus danielae S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus danielae S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus gordoni S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus harpi S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus jeanae S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus jeanae S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Fallicambarus strawni S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Faxonella blairi S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170003 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170005 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Hobbseus attenuatus S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Orconectes hathawayi S 08080203 P 6 LA CRAYFISH

Orconectes maletae S 11140207 P 6 LA CRAYFISH

Orconectes menae S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Orconectes williamsi S 11010001 P 10 AR CRAYFISH

Procambarus barbiger S 03170004 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus delicatus S 03080101 P 5 FL CRAYFISH

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus fitzpatricki S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus jaculus S 03180001 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus jaculus S 03180002 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus jaculus S 08060205 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus jaculus S 08060206 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170003 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170005 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170006 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170007 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus lecontei S 03170009 P 7 MS CRAYFISH

Procambarus nechesae S 12020002 P 13 TX CRAYFISH

Procambarus nigrocinctus S 12020002 P 13 TX CRAYFISH

Procambarus orcinus S 03120001 P 5 FL CRAYFISH

Procambarus plumimanus S 03020106 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Procambarus plumimanus S 03020204 P 11 NC CRAYFISH

Procambarus reimeri S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Procambarus tenuis S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH
123

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Procambarus tenuis S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK CRAYFISH

Cordulegaster sayi S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Gomphus consanguis S 03150101 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Gomphus consanguis S 03150103 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Gomphus diminutus S 03030003 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Gomphus parvidens S 03150202 X 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Gomphus parvidens S 06010105 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Gomphus parvidens S 06010202 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Gomphus septima S 03030003 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Gomphus viridifrons S 02070001 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Gomphus viridifrons S 02080201 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Gomphus viridifrons S 05050001 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Gomphus viridifrons S 05070202 P 8 VA DRAGONFLY

Macromia margarita S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Macromia margarita S 06010105 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus edmundo S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus edmundo S 03150101 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus howei S 05130101 P 2 KY DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03040101 P 11 NC DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03130001 P 3 GA DRAGONFLY

Ophiogomphus incurvatus S 03150106 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Progomphus bellei S 03120001 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Progomphus bellei S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Progomphus bellei S 03140104 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora calverti S 03120001 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora calverti S 03120003 P 5 FL DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12010004 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12020002 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12020005 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12030106 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12030202 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12040101 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Somatochlora margarita S 12040103 P 13 TX DRAGONFLY

Stylurus townesi S 03140104 P 1 AL DRAGONFLY

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03020106 P 11 NC FISH

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03020204 P 11 NC FISH

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03050112 P 12 SC FISH

Acipenser brevirostrum E 03050201 P 12 SC FISH

Acipenser fulvescens S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Acipenser fulvescens S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03120003 P 5 FL FISH
124

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03130011 P 5 FL FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03140103 P 1 AL FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Acipenser o. desotoi T 03180002 P 7 MS FISH

Amblyopsis rosae T 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 08040206 P 6 LA FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 08080204 P 6 LA FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 12010004 P 13 TX FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Ammocrypta clara S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Ammocrypta pellucida S 05100204 P 2 KY FISH

Cottus baileyi S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 08060203 P 7 MS FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 08060205 P 7 MS FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Crystallaria asprella S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 12010004 P 13 TX FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 12020002 P 13 TX FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 12020005 P 13 TX FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 12040101 P 13 TX FISH

Cycleptus elongatus S 12040103 P 13 TX FISH

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Cyprinella caerulea T 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Cyprinella callisema S 03070103 P 3 GA FISH

Cyprinella callitaenia S 03130001 P 3 GA FISH

Cyprinella leedsi S 03120003 P 5 FL FISH

Cyprinella monacha T 06010105 X 11 NC FISH

Cyprinella monacha T 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Cyprinella monacha T 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Cyprinella xaenura S 03070101 P 3 GA FISH

Cyprinella zanema S 03050101 P 11 NC FISH
125

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Erimystax cahni T 06010206 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010108 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma acuticeps S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma bellator S 03160110 P 1 AL FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150102 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma brevirostrum S 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Etheostoma cinereum S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma cinereum S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma cinereum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma collis S 03040104 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma cragini S 11110103 P 10 AR FISH

Etheostoma davisoni S 03140103 P 1 AL FISH

Etheostoma davisoni S 03140304 P 1 AL FISH

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma ditrema S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma etowahae E 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma maculatum S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma moorei S 11010014 P 10 AR FISH

Etheostoma nigrum susanae S 05070202 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma nigrum susanae S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma osburni S 05050002 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma osburni S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Etheostoma pallididorsum S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Etheostoma pallididorsum S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Etheostoma percnurum E 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma percnurum E 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Etheostoma raneyi S 08030201 P 7 MS FISH

Etheostoma scotti T 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma tippecanoe S 06010206 X 8 VA FISH

Etheostoma trisella S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma trisella S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH
126

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Etheostoma trisella S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Etheostoma vulneratum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Fundulus euryzonus S 08070202 P 7 MS FISH

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Hybognathus nuchalis S 03160113 P 1 AL FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150107 P 1 AL FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150108 P 1 AL FISH

Hybopsis lineapunctata S 03150109 P 1 AL FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06010202 P 3 GA FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Ichthyomyzon greeleyi S 06020002 P 3 GA FISH

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Lythrurus snelsoni S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Micropterus notius S 03130011 P 5 FL FISH

Moxostoma lachneri S 03060102 P 3 GA FISH

Notropis albizonatus E 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Notropis ariommus S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Notropis bairdi S 11140106 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis bairdi S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis cahabae E 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Notropis girardi T 11110104 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis girardi T 11110202 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis hypsilepsis S 03060102 P 3 GA FISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170003 P 7 MS FISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170005 P 7 MS FISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Notropis melanostomus S 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11110105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH
127

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Notropis ortenburgeri S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11010005 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis ozarcanus S 11110103 P 10 AR FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 08040203 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis perpallidus S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Notropis sabinae S 08040304 P 6 LA FISH

Notropis sabinae S 08080204 P 6 LA FISH

Notropis sabinae S 11140207 P 6 LA FISH

Notropis sabinae S 12010004 X 13 TX FISH

Notropis sabinae S 12020002 P 13 TX FISH

Notropis sabinae S 12020005 X 13 TX FISH

Notropis sabinae S 12040101 P 13 TX FISH

Notropis sabinae S 12040103 P 13 TX FISH

Notropis semperasper S 02080201 P 8 VA FISH

Notropis sp. (sawfin) S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Notropis uranoscopus S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Notropis uranoscopus S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Noturus baileyi E 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Noturus flavipinnis T 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Noturus flavippinis T 06010101 X 8 VA FISH

Noturus flavippinis T 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Noturus flavippinis T 06010206 P 8 VA FISH

Noturus gilberti S 02080201 P 8 VA FISH

Noturus gilberti S 03010101 P 8 VA FISH

Noturus lachneri S 08040203 P 9 AR FISH

Noturus munitus S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Noturus munitus S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Noturus munitus S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Noturus stigmosus S 05100101 P 2 KY FISH

Noturus stigmosus S 05100202 P 2 KY FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040101 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Noturus taylori S 08040103 P 9 AR/OK FISH
128

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Percina antesella E 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina antesella E 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Percina antesella E 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina aurolineata T 03150102 P 3 GA FISH

Percina burtoni S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010102 X 8 VA FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010204 P 4 TN FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Percina burtoni S 06010206 X 8 VA FISH

Percina burtoni S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Percina gymnocephala S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Percina jenkinsi E 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina jenkinsi E 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150110 P 1 AL FISH

Percina lenticula S 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170003 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170005 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170006 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170007 P 7 MS FISH

Percina lenticula S 03170009 P 7 MS FISH

Percina macrocephala S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010105 X 11 NC FISH

Percina macrocephala S 06010205 P 8 VA FISH

Percina nasuta S 11010001 P 10 AR FISH

Percina nasuta S 11010014 P 10 AR FISH

Percina nasuta S 11110104 P 10 AR FISH

Percina nasuta S 11110201 P 10 AR FISH

Percina nasuta S 11110202 P 10 AR FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150101 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150101 P 4 TN FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150102 P 3 GA FISH
129

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Percina palmaris S 03150103 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150104 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150105 P 1 AL FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150105 P 3 GA FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150106 P 1 AL FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150108 P 1 AL FISH

Percina palmaris S 03150109 P 1 AL FISH

Percina pantherina T 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Percina pantherina T 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Percina pantherina T 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Percina rex E 03010101 P 9 VA FISH

Percina squamata S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Percina squamata S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06010105 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06010105 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010108 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06010108 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010202 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06010203 P 11 NC FISH

Percina squamata S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Percina squamata S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Percina squamata S 06020002 P 11 NC FISH

Percina tanasi T 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Percina tanasi T 06020003 P 4 TN FISH

Percina uranidea S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Phenacobius crassilabrum S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Phenacobius crassilabrum S 06020001 P 3 GA FISH

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050001 P 8 VA FISH

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050002 P 8 VA FISH

Phenacobius teretulus S 05050003 P 8 WV FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130101 P 8 KY FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130102 P 2 KY FISH

Phoxinus cumberlandensis T 05130104 P 2 KY FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010101 P 8 VA FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010102 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010102 P 8 VA FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06010103 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06020002 P 4 TN FISH

Phoxinus tennesseensis S 06020003 P 4 TN FISH

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 08080102 P 6 LA FISH
130

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Pteronotropis hubbsi S 11140109 P 9 AR/OK FISH

Scaphirhynchus albus E 08030207 P 7 MS FISH

Scaphirynchus suttkusi P 03150202 P 1 AL FISH

Semotilus lumbee S 03040104 P 11 NC FISH

Typhlichthys subterraneus S 05130101 P 2 KY FISH

Typhlichthys subterraneus S 11010004 P 10 AR FISH

Macrocotyle hoffmasteri S 05050003 P 8 WV FLATWORM

Caecidotea holsingeri S 05050003 P 8 WV ISOPOD

Neofiber alleni S 03070204 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03080101 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03080102 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03110201 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03110206 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03120001 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03120003 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03130011 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Neofiber alleni S 03130013 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 02070001 P 8 VA MAMMAL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 02080201 P 8 VA MAMMAL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 06010202 P 11 NC MAMMAL

Sorex palustris punctulatus S 06020002 P 11 NC MAMMAL

Trichechus manatus E 03080101 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Trichechus manatus T 03120003 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Trichechus manatus T 03130011 P 5 FL MAMMAL

Dannella provonshai S 11110201 P 10 AR MAYFLY

Homoeoneuria cahabensis S 03150202 P 1 AL MAYFLY

Homoeoneuria cahabensis S 08060205 P 7 MS MAYFLY

Leptophlebia johnsoni S 05050001 P 8 VA MAYFLY

Leptophlebia johnsoni S 06010102 P 8 VA MAYFLY

Alasmidonta atropurpurea E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010106 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010108 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010108 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta raveneliana E 06010203 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070001 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02070006 P 8 VA MUSSEL
131

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Alasmidonta varicosa S 02080201 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03050101 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060102 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060103 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta varicosa S 03060107 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Alasmidonta wrightiana S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Alasmidonta wrightiana S 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Amblema neislerii E 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Amblema plicata perplicata S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Anodontoides denigratus S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Anodontoides radiatus S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Anodontoides radiatus S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Anodontoides radiatus S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Anodontoides radiatus S 08030201 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 08030201 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 08030207 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12020005 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12030106 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Arcidens confragosus S 12030202 X 13 TX MUSSEL

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Arkansia wheeleri E 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Cumberlandia monodonta S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Cumberlandia monodonta S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Cyprogenia aberti S 08040102 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Cyprogenia aberti S 08040203 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05100101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05100204 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 05130103 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Cyprogenia stegaria E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Dromus dromas E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Elliptio ahenea S 03080102 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL
132

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Elliptio arctata S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170005 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio arctata S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Elliptio lanceolata S 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Elliptio lanceolata S 03010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Elliptoideus sloantianus T 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Epioblasma brevidens E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma brevidens E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma capsaeformis E 06010206 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. florentina E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. florentina E 06010204 X 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. florentina E 06020002 X 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma f. walkeri E 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma metastriata E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma o. obliquata E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma othcaloogensis E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. gubernaculum E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. gubernaculum E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. rangiana E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. rangiana E 05100201 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma t. torulosa E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL
133

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Epioblasma triquetra S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Epioblasma triquetra S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia askewi S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia askewi S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia askewi S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia barnesiana S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cor E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cuneolus E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia cuneolus E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia lananensis S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia lananensis S 12040101 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia lananensis S 12040103 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 02080201 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 03010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 03020106 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Fusconaia masoni S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Fusconaia subrotunda S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Fusconaia subrotunda S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Fusconaia succissa S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Hemistena lata E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Hemistena lata E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Hemistena lata E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lampsilis abrupta E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Lampsilis abrupta E 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150107 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150108 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis altilis T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL
134

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Lampsilis altilis T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 11110201 P 10 AR MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis hydiana S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis perovalis T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis perovalis T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lampsilis powelli T 08040101 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis powelli T 08040203 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lampsilis satura S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Lampsilis subangulata E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Lampsilis subangulata E 03130011 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Lasmigona decorata E 03060103 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Lasmigona decorata E 03060107 P 12 SC MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010105 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Lasmigona holstonia S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 02070003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 02070006 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Lasmigona subviridis S 05050003 P 8 WV MUSSEL

Lemiox rimosus E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lemiox rimosus E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 08020203 X 10 AR MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11110201 X 10 AR MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Leptodea leptodon P 11140109 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL
135

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Lexingtonia dolabelloides S 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Margaritifera hembeli T 08080102 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Margaritifera hembeli T 11140207 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus acutissimus T 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus parvulus E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Medionidus penicillatus E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Medionidus simpsonianus E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Megalonaias boykiana S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 08040206 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 08080204 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11110206 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Obovaria jacksoniana S 11140207 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Obovaria retusa E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Obovaria subrotunda S 05100202 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Obovaria subrotunda S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pegias fabula E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pegias fabula E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pegias fabula E 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pegias fabula E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pegius fabula E 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Pegius fabula E 06010106 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Pegius fabula E 06010202 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Plethobasus cicatricosus E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Plethobasus cooperianus E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Plethobasus cyphyus S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Plethobasus cyphyus S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Plethobasus cyphyus S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL
136

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170005 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170007 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03170009 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema beadleanum S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema clava E 05100101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema clava E 05100201 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema clava E 05130101 X 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema collina E 02080201 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema collina E 02080202 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema collina E 02080203 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema cordatum S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema cordatum S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150102 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150104 X 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03160108 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema decisum E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema furvum E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Pleurobema georgianum E 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010102 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema oviforme S 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150104 X 3 GA MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema perovatum E 03160110 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Pleurobema plenum E 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL
137

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Pleurobema plenum E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Pleurobema plenum E 06010205 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Pleurobema pyramidatum S 08030207 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Pleurobema pyriforme S 03080101 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Pleurobema pyriforme E 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Pleurobema pyriforme E 03130013 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Pleurobema riddelli S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Pleurobema riddelli S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Pleurobema riddelli S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12010004 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12020002 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Potamilus amphichaenus S 12030202 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150106 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03150202 X 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus greeni E 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Ptychobranchus jonesi S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Pyganodon gibbosa S 03070103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010101 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010102 X 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula c. strigillata E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula houstonensis S 12040103 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Quadrula metanevra S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Quadrula metanevra S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Quadrula pustulosa mortoni S 12020005 P 13 TX MUSSEL

Quadrula rumphiana S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Quadrula rumphiana S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Quadrula sparsa E 06010206 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100202 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Simpsonaias ambigua S 05100204 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus connasaugaensis S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL
138

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Strophitus subvexus S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03150202 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03160104 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03160108 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03170004 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03180001 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 03180002 P 7 MS MUSSEL

Strophitus subvexus S 08040206 P 6 LA MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 06010101 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 06010105 X 11 NC MUSSEL

Toxolasma lividus S 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Toxolasma pullus S 03020106 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Toxolasma pullus S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL

Utterbackia peggyae S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140105 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140107 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Villosa arkansasensis S 11140108 P 9 AR/OK MUSSEL

Villosa australis S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa choctawensis S 03140103 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150105 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150107 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03150110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa nebulosa S 03160110 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa perpurpurea E 06010205 P 8 VA MUSSEL

Villosa trabalis E 05130101 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Villosa trabalis E 05130102 P 2 KY MUSSEL

Villosa trabalis E 06020002 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150101 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150101 P 4 TN MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150103 P 3 GA MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150105 P 3 AL MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150106 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa v. umbrans S 03150108 P 1 AL MUSSEL

Villosa vaughaniana S 03040104 P 11 NC MUSSEL
139

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Villosa villosa S 03120003 P 5 FL MUSSEL

Alligator mississippiensis T 03020106 P 11 NC REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03020204 P 11 NC REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03070204 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03080101 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03080102 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03110201 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03110206 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03120001 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03120003 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03130011 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03130013 P 5 FL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140103 P 1 AL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140104 P 1 AL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140301 P 1 AL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03140304 P 1 AL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03150110 P 1 AL REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03160104 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03160108 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170003 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170004 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170005 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170006 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170007 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03170009 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03180001 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 03180002 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010207 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010208 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08010210 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020100 P 10 AR REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020203 P 10 AR REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08020304 P 10 AR REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030201 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030202 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030203 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030204 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030205 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08030207 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060203 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060205 P 7 MS REPTILE
140

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Alligator mississippiensis T 08060206 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 08070202 P 7 MS REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 11140106 P 9 AR/OK REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12010004 P 13 TX REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12020002 P 13 TX REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12020005 P 13 TX REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12030202 P 13 TX REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12040101 P 13 TX REPTILE

Alligator mississippiensis T 12040103 P 13 TX REPTILE

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010102 P 4 TN REPTILE

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010105 P 11 NC REPTILE

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06010202 P 11 NC REPTILE

Clemmys muhlenbergii S 06020002 P 3 GA REPTILE

Graptemys barbouri S 03130011 P 5 FL REPTILE

Graptemys ernsti S 03140103 P 1 AL REPTILE

Graptemys ernsti S 03140304 P 1 AL REPTILE

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170003 P 7 MS REPTILE

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170005 P 7 MS REPTILE

Graptemys flavimaculata T 03170006 P 7 MS REPTILE

Pseudemys c. suwanniensis S 03080101 P 5 FL REPTILE

Pseudemys c. suwanniensis S 03120003 P 5 FL REPTILE

Sternotherus depressus T 03160109 P 1 AL REPTILE

Sternotherus depressus T 03160110 P 1 AL REPTILE

Aphaostracon pyncus S 03080101 P 5 FL SNAIL

Elimia crenatella T 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Fontigens tartarea S 05050003 P 8 WV SNAIL

Fontigens turritella S 05050003 P 8 WV SNAIL

Io fluvialis S 06010101 P 8 VA SNAIL

Io fluvialis S 06010102 P 4 TN SNAIL

Io fluvialis S 06010108 P 4 TN SNAIL

Io fluvialis S 06010205 P 8 VA SNAIL

Leptoxis crassa S 06010204 P 4 TN SNAIL

Leptoxis praerosa S 05130101 P 2 KY SNAIL

Leptoxis taeniata T 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Leptoxis taeniata T 03150202 X 1 AL SNAIL

Lioplax cyclostomaformis E 03150105 X 3 GA SNAIL

Lioplax cyclostomaformis E 03150106 X 1 AL SNAIL

Tulotoma magnifica E 03150106 P 1 AL SNAIL

Tulotoma magnifica E 03150107 P 1 AL SNAIL

Allocapnia jeanae S 11010001 P 10 AR STONEFLY

Allocapnia ozarkana S 11010001 P 10 AR STONEFLY
141

Species Name Status Subbasin Presence Forest State Species Type

Leuctra szczytkai S 08080102 P 6 LA STONEFLY

Leuctra szczytkai S 11140207 P 6 LA STONEFLY

Megaleuctra williamsae S 05050001 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Megaleuctra williamsae S 06010102 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Taeniopteryx nelsoni S 05050001 P 8 VA STONEFLY

Taeniopteryx nelsoni S 06010102 P 8 VA STONEFLY