23166 Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 18, 2012 / Proposed Rules 

Date Document 

ADAMS Accession Number/ 

Federal Register Citation 

March 23, 2011 ....................................... Memorandum from Chairman Jaczko on Tasking Memorandum-COMGBJ–11– 

0002—NRC Actions Following the Events in Japan.

ML110950110 

April 29, 2011 .......................................... Temporary Instruction 2515/184, Availability and Readiness Inspection of Severe 

Accident Management Guidelines (SAMGs).

ML11115A053 

May 26, 2011 ........................................... Completion of Temporary Instruction 2515/184, Availability and Readiness Inspection of Severe Accident Mitigation Guidelines (SAMGs), at Region IV Reactor Facilities.ML111470264 

May 27, 2011 ........................................... Region I Completion of Temporary Instruction (TI)-184, Availability and Readiness 

Inspection of Severe Accident Mitigation Guidelines (SAMGs).

ML111470361 

June 1, 2011 ............................................ Completion of Temporary Instruction (TI) 2515/184, Availability and Readiness Inspection of Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMGs) at Region III 

Sites—Revision.

ML111520396 

June 2, 2011 ............................................ Completion of Temporary Instruction (TI) 184, Availability and Readiness Inspection of Severe Accident Mitigation Guidelines (SAMGS) at Region II Facilities— 

Revision.

ML111530328 

July 12, 2011 ........................................... SECY–11–0093—‘‘The Near-Term Task Force Review of Insights from the 

Fukushima Dai-ichi Accident’’.

ML11186A959 

ML111861807 

(Enclosure) 

August 19, 2011 ...................................... SRM–SECY–11–0093—Near-Term Report and Recommendations for Agency Actions Following the Events in Japan.ML112310021 

September 9, 2011 .................................. SECY–11–0124, ‘‘Recommended Actions to be Taken Without Delay from the 

Near-Term Task Force Report.’’.

ML11245A127 

ML11245A144 

(Enclosure) 

October 3, 2011 ....................................... SECY–11–0137, ‘‘Prioritization of Recommended Actions to be Taken in Response to Fukushima Lessons Learned.’’.ML11269A204 

ML11272A203 

(Enclosure) 

October 18, 2011 ..................................... Staff Requirements Memorandum—SECY–11–0124—Recommended Actions to 

be Taken Without Delay From The Near-Term Task Force Report.

ML112911571 

July 26, 2011 ........................................... NRDC’s Petition for Rulemaking to Require More Realistic Training on Severe 

Accident Mitigation Guidelines (PRM 50–102).

ML11216A242 

September 14, 2011 ................................ Letter to Geoffrey H. Fettus, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. from Annette Vietti-Cook, In Regards to the NRC Will Not Be Instituting a Public Comment Period for PRM–50–97, PRM–50–98, PRM–50–99, PRM–50–100, PRM– 

50–101, and PRM–50–102.

ML112700269 

October 13, 2011 ..................................... Initial ACRS Review of: (1) The NRC Near-Term Task Force Report on 

Fukushima and (2) Staff’s Recommended Actions to be Taken Without Delay.

ML11284A136 

November 30, 2011 ................................. INPO–11–005, Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi

Nuclear Power Station.

ML11347A454 

December 15, 2011 ................................. Staff Requirements Memorandum—SECY–11–0137—Prioritization of Recommended Actions to be Taken in Response to the Fukushima LessonsLearned.ML113490055 

March 14, 2012 ....................................... Summary of the Public Meeting to Discuss Implementation of Near-Term Task 

Force Recommendation 8, Strengthening and Integration of Onsite Emergency 

Response Capabilities Such As EOPS, SAMGS, and EDMGS, Related to the 

Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant Accident.

ML12073A283 

Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 4th day 

of April 2012. 

For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 

Michael F. Weber, 

Acting Executive Director for Operations. 

[FR Doc. 2012–9336 Filed 4–17–12; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 7590–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Federal Aviation Administration 

14 CFR Part 39 

[Docket No. FAA–2012–0413; Directorate 

Identifier 2011–NM–257–AD] 

RIN 2120–AA64 

Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing 

Company Airplanes 

AGENCY: Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA), DOT. 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 

(NPRM). 

SUMMARY: We propose to adopt a new 

airworthiness directive (AD) for all The 

Boeing Company Model DC–10–10, DC– 

10–10F, DC–10–15, DC–10–30, DC–10– 

30F (KC–10A and KDC–10), DC–10–40, 

DC–10–40F, MD–10–10F, MD–10–30F, 

MD–11, and MD–11F airplanes. This 

proposed AD was prompted by fuel 

system reviews conducted by the 

manufacturer. This proposed AD would 

require adding design features to detect 

electrical faults, to detect a pump 

running in an empty fuel tank, and to 

ensure that a fuel pump’s operation is 

not affected by certain conditions. We 

are proposing this AD to reduce the 

potential of ignition sources inside fuel 

tanks, which, in combination with 

flammable fuel vapors, could result in 

fuel tank explosions and consequent 

loss of the airplane. 

DATES: We must receive comments on 

this proposed AD by June 4, 2012. 

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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 18, 2012 / Proposed Rules 23167 

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, 

using the procedures found in 14 CFR 

11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following 

methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to 

http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

• Fax: 202–493–2251. 

• Mail: U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Docket Operations, 

M–30, West Building Ground Floor, 

Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey 

Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. 

• Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail 

address above between 9 a.m. and 

5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except 

Federal holidays. 

Examining the AD Docket 

You may examine the AD docket on 

the Internet at http:// 

www.regulations.gov; or in person at the 

Docket Management Facility between 

9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD 

docket contains this proposed AD, the 

regulatory evaluation, any comments 

received, and other information. The 

street address for the Docket Office 

(phone: 800–647–5527) is in the 

ADDRESSES section. Comments will be 

available in the AD docket shortly after 

receipt. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Serj 

Harutunian, Aerospace Engineer, 

Propulsion Branch, ANM–140L, FAA, 

Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office 

(ACO), 3960 Paramount Boulevard, 

Lakewood, California 90712–4137; 

phone: 562–627–5254; fax: 562–627– 

5210; email: serj.harutunian@faa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Comments Invited 

We invite you to send any written 

relevant data, views, or arguments about 

this proposal. Send your comments to 

an address listed under the ADDRESSES

section. Include ‘‘Docket No. FAA– 

2012–0413; Directorate Identifier 2011– 

NM–257–AD’’ at the beginning of your 

comments. We specifically invite 

comments on the overall regulatory, 

economic, environmental, and energy 

aspects of this proposed AD. We will 

consider all comments received by the 

closing date and may amend this 

proposed AD because of those 

comments. 

We will post all comments we 

receive, without change, to http:// 

www.regulations.gov, including any 

personal information you provide. We 

will also post a report summarizing each 

substantive verbal contact we receive 

about this proposed AD. 

Discussion 

The FAA has examined the 

underlying safety issues involved in fuel 

tank explosions on several large 

transport airplanes, including the 

adequacy of existing regulations, the 

service history of airplanes subject to 

those regulations, and existing 

maintenance practices for fuel tank 

systems. As a result of those findings, 

we issued a regulation titled ‘‘Transport 

Airplane Fuel Tank System Design 

Review, Flammability Reduction and 

Maintenance and Inspection 

Requirements’’ (66 FR 23086, May 7, 

2001). In addition to new airworthiness 

standards for transport airplanes and 

new maintenance requirements, this 

rule included Special Federal Aviation 

Regulation No. 88 (‘‘SFAR 88,’’ 

Amendment 21–78, and subsequent 

Amendments 21–82 and 21–83). 

Among other actions, SFAR 88 (66 FR 

23086, May 7, 2001) requires certain 

type design (i.e., type certificate (TC) 

and supplemental type certificate (STC)) 

holders to substantiate that their fuel 

tank systems can prevent ignition 

sources in the fuel tanks. This 

requirement applies to type design 

holders for large turbine-powered 

transport airplanes and for subsequent 

modifications to those airplanes. It 

requires them to perform design reviews 

and to develop design changes and 

maintenance procedures if their designs 

do not meet the new fuel tank safety 

standards. As explained in the preamble 

to the rule, we intended to adopt 

airworthiness directives to mandate any 

changes found necessary to address 

unsafe conditions identified as a result 

of these reviews. 

In evaluating these design reviews, we 

have established four criteria intended 

to define the unsafe conditions 

associated with fuel tank systems that 

require corrective actions. The 

percentage of operating time during 

which fuel tanks are exposed to 

flammable conditions is one of these 

criteria. The other three criteria address 

the failure types under evaluation: 

single failures, single failures in 

combination with a latent condition(s), 

and in-service failure experience. For all 

four criteria, the evaluations included 

consideration of previous actions taken 

that may mitigate the need for further 

action. 

We have determined that the actions 

identified in this proposed AD are 

necessary to reduce the potential of 

ignition sources inside fuel tanks, 

which, in combination with flammable 

fuel vapors, could result in fuel tank 

explosions and consequent loss of the 

airplane. 

A fuel pump may cause an ignition 

source in a fuel tank when it has 

internal electrical faults, or when the 

pump overheats due to prolonged dry 

running in an empty fuel tank. Electrical 

faults inside fuel pumps may cause 

arcing and burn through the pump 

housing into an empty fuel tank. If a 

pump is not shut off in a timely manner 

when the tank is emptied, the dryrunning pump may cause excessive heat 

and become an ignition source inside 

the tank. 

FAA’s Determination 

We are proposing this AD because we 

evaluated all the relevant information 

and determined the unsafe condition 

described previously is likely to exist or 

develop in other products of the same 

type design. 

Proposed AD Requirements 

This proposed AD would prohibit 

operation of an affected airplane as of 60 

months after the effective date of the 

AD, unless the following design features 

and requirements have been approved 

by the FAA and installed on the 

airplane. 

• A protective device for each 

electrically powered fuel pump that will 

detect electrical faults and shut off the 

pump automatically when such faults 

are detected. 

• Additional design features that will 

detect any fuel pump running in an 

empty fuel tank, notify the flight crew, 

and automatically shut off each pump 

within a specified time if not manually 

shut off by the flight crew. 

• Revisions of the airplane flight 

manual to include procedures for 

manual pump shutoff. 

• Means to ensure the detection of a 

fuel pump running in an empty tank 

that has previously been shut off. 

Costs of Compliance 

We estimate that this proposed AD 

affects 180 airplanes of U.S. registry. We 

estimate the following costs to comply 

with this proposed AD, based on the 

costs of similar STC installations: 

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23168 Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 18, 2012 / Proposed Rules 

ESTIMATED COSTS

Action Labor cost Parts cost Cost per 

product 

Cost on U.S. 

operators 

Installing design features ................................ 65 work-hours × $85 per hour = $5,525 ........ $55,000 $60,525 $10,894,500 

Authority for This Rulemaking 

Title 49 of the United States Code 

specifies the FAA’s authority to issue 

rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, 

section 106, describes the authority of 

the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: 

Aviation Programs, describes in more 

detail the scope of the Agency’s 

authority. 

We are issuing this rulemaking under 

the authority described in Subtitle VII, 

Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: 

‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that 

section, Congress charges the FAA with 

promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in 

air commerce by prescribing regulations 

for practices, methods, and procedures 

the Administrator finds necessary for 

safety in air commerce. This regulation 

is within the scope of that authority 

because it addresses an unsafe condition 

that is likely to exist or develop on 

products identified in this rulemaking 

action. 

Regulatory Findings 

We determined that this proposed AD 

would not have federalism implications 

under Executive Order 13132. This 

proposed AD would not have a 

substantial direct effect on the States, on 

the relationship between the national 

Government and the States, or on the 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities among the various 

levels of government. 

For the reasons discussed above, I 

certify this proposed regulation: 

(1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory 

action’’ under Executive Order 12866, 

(2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under 

the DOT Regulatory Policies and 

Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 

1979), 

(3) Will not affect intrastate aviation 

in Alaska, and 

(4) Will not have a significant 

economic impact, positive or negative, 

on a substantial number of small entities 

under the criteria of the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act. 

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 

Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation 

safety, Incorporation by reference, 

Safety. 

The Proposed Amendment 

Accordingly, under the authority 

delegated to me by the Administrator, 

the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 

39 as follows: 

PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS 

DIRECTIVES 

1. The authority citation for part 39 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701. 

§ 39.13 [Amended] 

2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding 

the following new airworthiness 

directive (AD): 

The Boeing Company: Docket No. FAA– 

2012–0413; Directorate Identifier 2011– 

NM–257–AD. 

(a) Comments Due Date 

We must receive comments by June 4, 

2012. 

(b) Affected ADs 

None. 

(c) Applicability 

This AD applies to all The Boeing 

Company Model DC–10–10, DC–10–10F, DC– 

10–15, DC–10–30, DC–10–30F (KC–10A and 

KDC–10), DC–10–40, DC–10–40F, MD–10– 

10F, MD–10–30F, MD–11, and MD–11F 

airplanes; certificated in any category. 

(d) Subject 

Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC)/ 

Air Transport Association (ATA) of America 

Code 28, Fuel. 

(e) Unsafe Condition 

This AD was prompted by fuel system 

reviews conducted by the manufacturer. We 

are issuing this AD to reduce the potential of 

ignition sources inside fuel tanks, which, in 

combination with flammable fuel vapors, 

could result in fuel tank explosions and 

consequent loss of the airplane. 

(f) Compliance 

Comply with this AD within the 

compliance times specified, unless already 

done. 

(g) Criteria for Operation 

As of 60 months after the effective date of 

this AD, no person may operate any airplane 

affected by this AD unless an amended type 

certificate or supplemental type certificate 

that incorporates the design features and 

requirements described in paragraphs (g)(1) 

through (g)(4) of this AD has been approved 

by the Manager, Los Angeles Aircraft 

Certification Office (ACO), FAA, and those 

design features are installed on the airplane 

to meet the criteria specified in 14 CFR 

Section 25.981(a) and (d), at amendment 

level 25–125. 

(1) For all airplanes: Each electrically 

powered fuel pump installed in any fuel tank 

that normally empties during flight—such as 

center wing tanks, auxiliary fuel tanks, and 

tail tanks—must have a protective device 

installed to detect electrical faults that can 

cause arcing and burn through of the fuel 

pump housing and pump electrical 

connector. The same device must shut off the 

pump by automatically removing electrical 

power from the pump when such faults are 

detected. When a fuel pump is shut off 

resulting from detection of an electrical fault, 

the device must stay latched off, until the 

fault is cleared through maintenance action 

and the pump is verified safe for operation. 

(2) For airplanes with a 2-person flight 

crew: Additional design features, if not 

originally installed by the airplane 

manufacturer, must be installed to meet 3 

criteria: to detect a running fuel pump in a 

tank that is normally emptied during flight, 

to provide an indication to the flight crew 

that the tank is empty, and to automatically 

shut off that fuel pump. The prospective 

pump indication and shutoff system must 

automatically shut off each pump in case the 

flight crew does not shut off a pump running 

dry in an empty tank within 60 seconds after 

each fuel tank is emptied. The airplane flight 

manual supplement (AFMS) must be revised 

to include flight crew manual pump shutoff 

procedures in the Normal Operating 

Procedures section of the AFMS. 

(3) For airplanes with a 3-person flight 

crew: Additional design features, if not 

originally installed by the airplane 

manufacturer, must be installed to detect 

when a fuel pump in a tank that is normally 

emptied during flight is running in an empty 

fuel tank, and provide an indication to the 

flight crew that the tank is empty. The flight 

engineer must manually shut off each pump 

running dry in an empty tank within 60 

seconds after the tank is emptied. The 

Limitations section of the AFMS must be 

revised to specify that this pump shutoff 

must be done by the flight engineer. 

(4) For all airplanes: The empty-tank 

shutoff system design must preclude the 

undetected running of a fuel pump in an 

empty tank after the pump is commanded off 

automatically or manually. 

(h) Alternative Methods of Compliance 

(AMOCs) 

(1) The Manager, Los Angeles Aircraft 

Certification Office (ACO), FAA, has the 

authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if 

requested using the procedures found in 14 

CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19, 

send your request to your principal inspector 

or local Flight Standards District Office, as 

appropriate. If sending information directly 

to the manager of the ACO, send it to the 

attention of the person identified in the 

Related Information section of this AD. 

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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 18, 2012 / Proposed Rules 23169 

(2) Before using any approved AMOC, 

notify your appropriate principal inspector, 

or lacking a principal inspector, the manager 

of the local flight standards district office/ 

certificate holding district office. 

(i) Related Information 

For more information about this AD, 

contact Serj Harutunian, Aerospace Engineer, 

Propulsion Branch, ANM–140L, FAA, Los 

Angeles ACO, 3960 Paramount Boulevard, 

Lakewood, California 90712–4137; phone: 

562–627–5254; fax: 562–627–5210; email: 

serj.harutunian@faa.gov. 

Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 6, 

2012. 

Ali Bahrami, 

Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, 

Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2012–9267 Filed 4–17–12; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Federal Aviation Administration 

14 CFR Part 39 

[Docket No. FAA–2012–0335; Directorate 

Identifier 2011–NM–252–AD] 

RIN 2120–AA64 

Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, 

Inc. Airplanes 

AGENCY: Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA), DOT. 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 

(NPRM). 

SUMMARY: We propose to revise an 

existing airworthiness directive (AD) 

that applies to certain Bombardier 

Model CL–600–2B19 (Regional Jet 

Series 100 & 440) airplanes; all Model 

CL–600–2C10 (Regional Jet Series 700, 

701, & 702) airplanes; all Model CL– 

600–2D15 (Regional Jet Series 705) 

airplanes; and all Model CL–600–2D24 

(Regional Jet Series 900) airplanes. The 

existing AD currently requires replacing 

certain water accumulator assemblies 

having a certain part installed on the 

pitot and static lines of the air data 

computer (ADC). Since we issued that 

AD, an error was discovered in one 

service document number, and we have 

determined that credit for 

accomplishing actions in another 

erroneously cited service document 

should be removed from that AD. This 

proposed AD would correct the 

erroneous service document number 

and remove the other erroneously cited 

service document from that AD. We are 

proposing this AD to prevent pitot-static 

tubing from becoming partially or 

completely blocked by water, which 

could result in erroneous airspeed and 

altitude indications and consequent loss 

of control of the airplane. 

DATES: We must receive comments on 

this proposed AD by June 4, 2012. 

ADDRESSES: You may send comments by 

any of the following methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to 

http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

• Fax: (202) 493–2251. 

• Mail: U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Docket Operations, 

M–30, West Building Ground Floor, 

Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey 

Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. 

• Hand Delivery: U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Docket Operations, 

M–30, West Building Ground Floor, 

Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey 

Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 

a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, except Federal holidays. 

For service information identified in 

this proposed AD, contact Bombardier, 

Inc., 400 Coˆte-Vertu Road West, Dorval, 

Que ́bec H4S 1Y9, Canada; phone: 514– 

855–5000; fax: 514–855–7401; email: 

thd.crj@aero.bombardier.com; Internet: 

http://www.bombardier.com. You may 

review copies of the referenced service 

information at the FAA, Transport 

Airplane Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue 

SW., Renton, Washington. For 

information on the availability of this 

material at the FAA, call 425–227–1221. 

Examining the AD Docket 

You may examine the AD docket on 

the Internet at http:// 

www.regulations.gov; or in person at the 

Docket Operations office between 9 a.m. 

and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

except Federal holidays. The AD docket 

contains this proposed AD, the 

regulatory evaluation, any comments 

received, and other information. The 

street address for the Docket Operations 

office (telephone (800) 647–5527) is in 

the ADDRESSES section. Comments will 

be available in the AD docket shortly 

after receipt. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Cesar Gomez, Aerospace Engineer, 

Airframe & Mechanical Systems Branch, 

ANE–171, New York Aircraft 

Certification Office (ACO), FAA, 1600 

Stewart Avenue, Suite 410, Westbury, 

New York 11590; telephone (516) 228– 

7318; fax (516) 794–5531. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Comments Invited 

We invite you to send any written 

relevant data, views, or arguments about 

this proposed AD. Send your comments 

to an address listed under the 

ADDRESSES section. Include ‘‘Docket No. 

FAA–2012–0335; Directorate Identifier 

2011–NM–252–AD’’ at the beginning of 

your comments. We specifically invite 

comments on the overall regulatory, 

economic, environmental, and energy 

aspects of this proposed AD. We will 

consider all comments received by the 

closing date and may amend this 

proposed AD based on those comments. 

We will post all comments we 

receive, without change, to http:// 

www.regulations.gov, including any 

personal information you provide. We 

will also post a report summarizing each 

substantive verbal contact we receive 

about this proposed AD. 

Discussion 

On September 28, 2011, we issued AD 

2011–21–07, Amendment 39–16830 (76 

FR 64801, October 19, 2011). That AD 

required actions intended to address an 

unsafe condition on the products listed 

above. 

Since we issued AD 2011–21–07, 

Amendment 39–16830 (76 FR 64801, 

October 19, 2011), an error was 

discovered in the document number 

specified in paragraph (i), ‘‘Credit for 

Actions Accomplished in Accordance 

with Previous Service Information,’’ of 

that AD. The citation in that paragraph 

should have read ‘‘Bombardier Service 

Bulletin 601R–34–147, Revision A, 

dated November 3, 2009.’’ Additionally, 

we have determined that ‘‘Bombardier 

Service Bulletin 670BA–34–147, dated 

April 1, 2009,’’ was incorrectly included 

in AD 2011–21–07 and should be 

removed from paragraph (i), ‘‘Credit for 

Actions Accomplished in Accordance 

with Previous Service Information,’’ of 

that AD. 

FAA’s Determination and Requirements 

of This Proposed AD 

This product has been approved by 

the aviation authority of another 

country, and is approved for operation 

in the United States. Pursuant to our 

bilateral agreement with the State of 

Design Authority, we have been notified 

of the unsafe condition described in the 

MCAI and service information 

referenced above. We are proposing this 

AD because we evaluated all pertinent 

information and determined an unsafe 

condition exists and is likely to exist or 

develop on other products of the same 

type design. 

Costs of Compliance 

We estimate that this proposed AD 

affects 1,041 airplanes of U.S. registry. 

We estimate the following costs to 

comply with this proposed AD: 

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