Annual Energy Review 2003

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA)

primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data beginwith the year 1949. Included are data on total energy production, consumption, andtrade; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, international energy, as well as financial and environment indicators;

and data unit conversion tables.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program

which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data

and information....”

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energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding data series in the AER and in other EIA publications.

More Current Data and Forecasts: For many of the series shown in the AER,

readers can find more current data in EIA's Monthly Energy Review and forecastdata in EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook, Annual Energy Outlook, and International Energy Outlook. All are available on the Web at http://www.eia.doe.gov.

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Annual Energy Review 200

September 2004

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be

attributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy of the Department of Energy or any other organization.

Contacts

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Integ

Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Katherine E. Seiferlein, 202-586-5695 (kitty.seiferlein@eia.doe.gov). Questions a

be referred to Leigh Carleton, 202-586-1132 (leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (infocting subject specialists:

1. Energy Overview....................................... Leigh Carleton leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.doe.gov 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... Robert Latta robert.latta@eia.doe.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.doe.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System............................. Greg Filas greg.filas@eia.doe.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Robert F. King robert.king@eia.doe.gov Coal................................................ Richard F. Bonskowski richard.bonskowski@eia.doe.go

Uranium............................................ Douglas C. Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.doe.gov 

5. Petroleum............................................. Stephen K. Patterson stephen.patterson@eia.doe.gov 

Prices.............................................. Elizabeth K. Scott elizabeth.scott@eia.doe.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Joseph Conklin joseph.conklin@eia.doe.gov 7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.doe.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Stan Kaplan stan.kaplan@eia.doe.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy........................................ John R. Moens john.moens@eia.doe.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Louise Guey-Lee louise.guey-lee@eia.doe.gov 

11. International Energy.................................... Michael J. Grillot michael.grillot@eia.doe.gov 

12. Environmental Indicators

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Stephen E. Calopedis stephen.calopedis@eia.doe.gov Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.doe.gov 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

The Annual Energy Review 2003 is a statistical history of energy activities in the

United States in modern times. Data are presented for all major forms of energy by

production (extraction of energy from the earth, water, and other parts of the environment), consumption by end-user sector, trade with other nations, storagechanges, and pricing.Much of the data provided covers the fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas.Fossil fuels are nature’s batteries; they have stored the sun’s energy over millenniapast. It is primarily that captured energy that we are drawing on today to fuel theactivities of the modern economy. Data in this report measure the extraordinary

expansion of our use of fossil fuels from 29 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu)in 1949 to 84 quadrillion Btu in 2003. In recent years, fossil fuels accounted for 86percent of all energy consumed in the United States. This report also records the development of an entirely new energy industry—thenuclear electric power industry. The industry got its start in this country in 1957when the Shippingport, Pennsylvania, nuclear electric power plant came on line.Since that time, the industry has grown to account for 20 percent of our electricaloutput and 8 percent of all energy used in the country.

Renewable energy is a third major category of Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite in supply, renehaustible because it can be replenished. Types of 

category include conventional hydroelectric powfalling water; wood; waste; alcohol fuels; geother

these forms of energy accounted for about 6 percein recent years.For many time series in the Annual Energy Review than will fit on our print-format data tables—arresource trends. Analysts can find complete serEnergy Information Administration (EIA) Web site 

Because the EIA is continually updating the time tion as it becomes available, we recommend that 

Review at http://www.eia.doe.gov/mer for updat

examining future energy scenarios, which are bareport, we suggest that you turn to EIA’s 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Preface

Contents

Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Environmental Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. Thermal Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagrams

1. Energy Flow, 2003..........................................................................................2. Petroleum Flow, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Natural Gas Flow, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Coal Flow, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Electricity Flow, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003...............................................................

1.2 Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003.....................................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003...................................................1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1993 and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy, 1970-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy, 1970-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tablesviii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
3. Financial Indicators (continued)

3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.12 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 19

4.10 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Estimated Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13d Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
5. Petroleum (continued)

5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables (continued)x Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
8. Electricity (continued)

8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . .  8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . 

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-200

8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2

8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity : Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity : Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End–Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Consumption by Type, 1992-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1993-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity, 1989-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, Selected Years, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables (continued)xii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Appendix B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2003

D1. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview.....................................................................................1.2 Energy Production by Source............................................................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source..........................................................................

1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1993 and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxiv Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2002
3. Financial Indicators (continued)

3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery. . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . 4.10 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
5. Petroleum (continued)

5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.7 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.8 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consummption of All Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Estimated Consumption Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electricity End-Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)xvi Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Consumption by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Secctor, 1998. . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
12. Environmental Indicators (continued)

12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)xviii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Energy Information Administra

18.97 in 1970

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125

Quadrillion Btu

The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s whenenergy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2003, net imported

energy accounted for 27 percent of all energy consumed.

Figure 1. Energy Overview

Ove

Exports

Production

Imports

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

 per Chained (2000) Dollar

Thousand Btu

Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar’s worth ofthe Nation’s output of goods and services trended down. The declineresulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2003 was 48 percent below that of 1970.

17.99 in 1970

9.44 in 2003

Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product
xx Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Consumption 

1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2002 Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2003

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20

0

102030405060

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook, 1949-2025 Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook, 1949-2025

Natural Gas

History

Petroleum

Coal

Hydroelectric Power

Nuclear Electric Power
Energy Information Administra

Consumptio

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use

All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of

total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep dropsoccurred in the sector in 1975 and 1980-1983 largely in response to high oilprices. Figure 1. Energy Overview Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector

Transportation

Commercial Residential

Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave wayto natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s and then fluctuated widelyover the following decades. Use of electricity and wood trended upward, butuse of electricity grew at a faster rate than wood.

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Losses1

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Petroleum

Electricity

Natural Gas

Industrial

Coal

Wood
xxii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Production 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuels—coal,natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th

century, was surpassed by crude oil and natural gas for many years, butagain became the leading source of energy in the mid-1980s, used primarilyfor electric generation. By the 1970s, electricity produced from nuclear fuelbegan to make a significant contribution.

Natural Gas

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source, 1949-2003

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Wood, Waste, Alcohol

NGPL1

Hydroelectric

Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.
Energy Information Administra

Petroleum Overview an

1 Petroleum products supplied used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production; refinery gains; and field production of

other components.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

When U.S. domestic supply of petroleum peaked at 11.7 million barrels perday in 1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels per day. As domesticsupply declined, consumption grew. In 1998, for the first time, net importssurpassed domestic supply. In 2003, domestic supply was 8.8 million barrelsper day and net imports were 11.2 million barrels per day.Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

Net Imports

Domestic Supply 2

Consumption1

The amount of crude oil produced per day per well rose sharply in the 1960s,reached a peak of 18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972, and, except for abrief recovery in 1978, fell through 1999. In 2003, productivity measured11.0 barrels per day per well, 41 percent below the peak but up slightly fromthe year before.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

11.0

 in 2003

Peak: 18.6

in 1972
xxiv Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives

Petroleum Consum

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the oneshowing the greatest expansion over the second half of the 20th century. In2003, 13 million barrels per day of petroleum products were consumed fortransportation purposes, accounting for 66 percent of all petroleum used.Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Residential and Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power1

Transportation

The refiner acquisition composite (domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil innominal (unadjusted for inflation) dollars peaked at $35.24 per barrel in1981. The price fell dramatically over the years that followed, reaching a low

of $12.52 per barrel in 1998. The preliminary price reported for 2003 was$28.50 per barrel.

1 Composite of domestic and imported crude oil. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by

using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Dollars2 per Barrel

Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1 Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1

Nominal

Real2
Energy Information Administra

Petroleu

U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-century until the late 1970s.From 1979 to 1985, imports fell sharply due to improved efficiency andconservation efforts. After 1985, the upward trend resumed. In 2003, crudeoil imports reached a record-high level of 9.6 million barrels per day. Petroleum product imports were 2.6 million barrels per day in 2003. The UnitedStates exported 1.0 million barrels per day of petroleum in 2003.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 22. Petroleum Trade Figure 22. Petroleum Trade

Crude Oil Imports

Petroleum

Product Imports

Exports

Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nations

from three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to the

American market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it sold to the United States over the decades. In 2003, 0.5 million

barrels per day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

Venezuela

Iraq
xxvi Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Petroleu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Barrels

Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form ofproducts, which were ready for the market. After that, most petroleum instorage was in the form of crude oil that still needed to be refined into usableend products. At the end of 2003, petroleum stocks totaled 1.6 billionbarrels, 58 percent crude oil and 42 percent products.Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Products

Products

Crude Oil1

1 Includes crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.1 Imported by the SPR and imported by others for the SPR.

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4 0 1 0

8 7 5 9

41

23

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

Most crude oil in the SPR was imported, and most of it came in during theearly 1980s. In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels wereimported for the reserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was importedfor the reserve. SPR imports picked up in 2002 and 2003 when a sum of 64million barrels came in.

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR1
Energy Information Administra

Motor V

The composite motor vehicle fuel rate (miles per gallon) rose 42 percentfrom 1973 to 1991 and then leveled off for the next 12 years. Mileage (milesper vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, declined from 1999 through2001, and then grew again in 2002. Fuel consumption (gallons per vehicle)fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991 but then grew 9 percent from 1991 to1999. 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

Fuel Rate

Mileage

Fuel Consumption

Truck miles traveled per year greatly exceeded that of other vehicle typesand grew sharply from 1966 to 2002, up 116 percent. In 2002, trucks averaged 27.1 thousand miles per vehicle per year, while passenger cars averaged 12.2 thousand miles per year and vans, pickup trucks, and sportutility vehicles averaged 11.4 thousand miles per year.

1 Sport utility vehicle. 2 Motorcycles are included through 1989.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs1

Passenger Cars2

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle MileageNote: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehic

Trucks
xxviii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Natura

U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balance through1986. When consumption began to outpace production, imports of naturalgas rose to meet U.S. requirements for the fuel. In 2003, consumption stoodat 21.9 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), production at 19.1 Tcf, and net imports at 3.2Tcf.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview

Production

Consumption

Net Imports

Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption was in the 4-to-6percent range from 1970 through 1987. Then, during a period whenconsumption outpaced production, the share rose from 4.2 percent in 1986

to 16.2 percent in 2001. The share fell in 2002 and 2003, and stood at 14.8percent in 2003.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Percent

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption

4.2% in 1986 14.8% in 2003

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Energy Information Administra

Co

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Unlike petroleum or natural gas, domestic production of coal nearly alwaysexceeded U.S. consumption of coal, but in 2003, consumption was 2 percenthigher then production. U.S. exports to other countries totaled 43 million

short tons in 2003, well below the peak export level of 113 million short tonsthat occurred in 1981.

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Production

Consumption

Exports

1950 1960 197

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

Figure 41. Productio

Beginning in 1974, prodconsistently exceeded prmines, and surface-mine rate.

Improved mining technology and the shift toward moresurface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement inproductivity from the Nation’s mines after 1978.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

1.77 in 1978

6.95

in 2003

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity Figure 41. Production 
xxx Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Electricity Net Generation a

Total electric power net generation grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in1949 to 3.8 trillion kilowatthours in 2003, failing to increase in only threeyears (1982, 2001, and 2003) over the entire span. Most generation was in

the electric power sector, but some occurred directly in the commercial and industrial sectors.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion KilowatthoursTotal (All Sectors) Electric Power

Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector

Commercial

and Industrial

Electric Power

Sector

Most generating facilities exist to produce only electricity but some functionas combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that produce both electricity andheat from a single heat source. Rather than being wasted, the heat from a

CHP plant is used for processes and applications other than electrical

generation. 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

Figure 45. Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Electric-Only Plants

Figure 45. Electric Power Sector by Plant Type
Energy Information Administra

Electricity Sales, 

Enormous growth occurred in electricity sales in all three majorsectors—residential, commercial, and industrial. Beginning in 1993, residential sales surpassed industrial sales, and commercial sales exceeded industrial sales from 2001 through 2003. Industrial sector sales showed thegreatest volatility of all the sectors.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Figure 47. Retail Sales by Sector

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Other

Figure 47. Retail Sales by Sector

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

15304560

Billion Kilowatthours

Figure 49. Electricity Trade

Except for a few years in the 1960s when imported and exported electricity

were nearly equal, the United States imported more electricity than itexported. Most electricity trade occurred with Canada, with smaller

exchanges between the United States and Mexico. In 2003, net importedelectricity was less than 1 percent of all electricity used in the United States.Figure 49. Electricity Trade

Imports

Exports
xxxii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Nuclear Elec

The U.S. nuclear industry’s first commercial plantopened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957.Nuclear capacity expanded sharply in the 1970s and1980s.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

Over the latter part of the laspower played a key role rapidly growing electricity repercent of all U.S. electricinuclear electric power.

1960 1970 1

05

10152025

Percent

Figure 51. Nuclear Sh

2003

99

Figure 50. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Figure 51. Nuclear SharA total of 259 nuclear electric power units were ordered since the industry got its

start in the United States in the 1950s. The last new orders were placed in 1978.Of the 259 orders, 177 advanced to the issuance of construction permits and, of

those, 132 eventually gained full-power operating licenses.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 

0

70

140210280

Number of Units

Figure 53. Figure 53. Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits

Figure 53. Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits, Licenses, and 
Energy Information Administra

Renewab

Note: Wood includes wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector

Consumption of renewable energy in the United States recovered in 2002and 2003 after two years of decline. The upturn reflected gains in hydroelectric power, which accounted for 45 percent of all renewable energy in 2003.Wood was the next largest source of renewable energy, followed by waste,geothermal, alcohol fuels, wind, and solar.Figure 54. Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources

Total

Waste

Wood

Conventional

Hydroelectric Power

In recent decades, the industrial sector was the largest consuming sector ofwood as an energy source. Residential use of wood recovered sharply from1974 through 1982, but then generally resumed its previous downward trend.

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power

producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 56. Wood Consumption by Selected Sector Figure 56. Wood Consumption by Major Sectors

Electric Power1

Residential

Industrial
xxxiv Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Internation

From 1970 to 2002, world primary energy production grew by 88 percent,reaching 405 quadrillion Btu in 2002. Growth occurred in all types of energy.In 2002, fossil fuels accounted for 85 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent, and nuclear electric power 7 percent.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

4080

120160

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source

Crude Oil

and NGPL1

Coal

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Other

Natural Gas

Nuclear Electric Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 60. World Crude Oil Production

World crude oil production totaled 70 million barrelsper day in 2003, up 4 percent over the previous year.OPEC’s share of the world total in 2003 was 40percent compared to 55 percent in 1973.

After 1991, Saudi Arabia 

producer of crude oil, clos2002 and 2003. U.S. produ

1960 1970 19

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 61. Leading C

Figure 60. World Crude Oil Production Figure 61. Leading Cru

World

OPEC1

United

States 

Fo
Energy Information Administra

Emis

The combustion of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—to releasetheir energy creates carbon dioxide emissions, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions reached 5.8 billion metric tons ofgas in 2002, 16 percent higher than the 1990 level.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Figure 63. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Figure 63. Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2002: 5.8

1990: 5.0

While gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 42 percent from 1990 to 2002,energy-related carbon dioxide emissions grew by 15 percent. It was primarily the use of less energy per unit of economic output, rather than the use oflow-carbon fuels, that held the carbon dioxide emissions growth rate wellbelow the inflation-adjusted gross domestic product growth rate.

1 Based on chained (2000) dollars.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

90

100110120130140150

Index 1990=100

Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Inflation-Adjusted

Gross Domestic Product1

Energy-Related

Carbon Dioxide

Emissions
1. Table 1.1.

2. Table 1.5.3. Table 1.5.4. Table 1.3.5. Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.6. Historical data: Table 1.3. Projections: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Outlook 2004 (January 2004), Tables A1, A8,

and A18 (http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/results.html).

7. Table 2.1a.8. Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.9. Table 2.1d.

10. Tables 2.1e and 5.14c.11. Table 1.2.12. Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.13. Table 1.4.14. Table 5.1.15. Table 5.2.16. Table 5.2.17. Table 4.3.18. Tables 5.13a, 5.13b, 5.13c, and 5.13d.19. Table 5.11.20. Table 5.21.21. Table 5.24.22. Tables 5.3 and 5.5.23. Table 5.4.24. Table 5.4.25. Table 5.4.26. Table 5.16.27. Table 5.16.28. Table 5.17.29. Table 5.17.30. Table 2.8.31. Table 2.8.32. Table 2.8.33. Table 2.8.

xxxvi Energy Information Administratio

Figure S

Data for “Energy Perspectives” figures and text are derived from the following A

Energy Perspectives
Energy Overview

1

The United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration satelliteimagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Diagram 1. Energy Flow, 2003

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Consumption

98.16

Supply k102.20

Exports Coal 4.05

1.12

Other 

2.93

g Coal 22.31

Natural Gas

19.64

Crude Oil 12.15 a

NGPL 2.34 b

Nuclear Electric Power 7.97

Renewable Energyc 6.15

Crude Oil

and Products 26.21

Other e

4.82

Fossil

Fuels 

84.34

j

Renewable Energyc 6.15

Nuclear Electric Power 7.97

Domestic

Productiond

70.47

Tran

Coal

22.71

Natural Gas

22.51

h

Petroleum

39.07

i

Imports

31.02

Fossil

Fuels

56.44

Adjustments

0.71

f

a Includes lease condensate.b Natural gas plant liquids.c Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, ethanol blended into motor gasoline,

geothermal, solar, and wind.

d Includes -0.09 quadrillion Btu hydroelectric pumped storage.e Natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity.f Stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted-for

supply.

g Crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, and coal coke.h Includes supplemental gaseous fuels.

i Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids.j Includes 0.05 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.k Includes, in quadrillion Btu, -0.09 hydroelectric pumped 

motor gasoline, which is accounted for in both fossil fuels only once in total consumption; and 0.02 electricity net im

l Primary consumption, electricity retail sales, and electr

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each secsales. See note at end of Section 2.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal su

rounding.

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
Figure 1.1 Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2003 Overview, 1949-2003Overview, 2003 Energy Flow, 2003

(Quadrillion Btu)

4 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu (Cumulative)

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

70.5

31.0

4.0

98.2

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Net Imports and

Adjustments1

Production

1 Stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted-for

supply.

Source: Table 1.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.1 Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Imports Exports

Adjustments 7

Fossil

 Fuels 1

Nuclear

Electric

Power 

Renewable

Energy 2 Total 3 Petroleum 4 Total 5 Coal Total 6

Fossil

Fuels 8,9

N

E

P

1949 28.75 0.00 2.97 31.72 1.43 1.45 0.88 1.59 0.40 29.00 1950 32.56 0.00 2.98 35.54 1.89 1.91 0.79 1.47 -1.37 31.63 1955 37.36 0.00 2.78 40.15 2.75 2.79 1.46 2.29 -0.44 37.41 1960 39.87 0.01 2.93 42.80 4.00 4.19 1.02 1.48 -0.43 42.14 1965 47.23 0.04 3.40 50.68 5.40 5.89 1.38 1.83 -0.72 50.58 1970 59.19 0.24 4.08 63.50 7.47 8.34 1.94 2.63 -1.37 63.52 1971 58.04 0.41 4.27 62.72 8.54 9.53 1.55 2.15 -0.82 64.60 1972 58.94 0.58 4.40 63.92 10.30 11.39 1.53 2.12 -0.48 67.70 1973 58.24 0.91 4.43 63.58 13.47 14.61 1.43 2.03 -0.46 70.32 1974 56.33 1.27 4.77 62.37 13.13 14.30 1.62 2.20 -0.48 67.91 1975 54.73 1.90 4.72 61.36 12.95 14.03 1.76 2.32 -1.07 65.35 1976 54.72 2.11 4.77 61.60 15.67 16.76 1.60 2.17 -0.18 69.10 1977 55.10 2.70 4.25 62.05 18.76 19.95 1.44 2.05 -1.95 70.99 1978 55.07 3.02 5.04 63.14 17.82 19.11 1.08 1.92 -0.34 71.86 1979 58.01 2.78 5.17 65.95 17.93 19.46 1.75 2.86 -1.65 72.89 1980 59.01 2.74 5.49 67.24 14.66 15.80 2.42 3.69 -1.05 69.98 1981 58.53 3.01 5.47 67.01 12.64 13.72 2.94 4.31 -0.08 67.75 1982 57.46 3.13 5.99 66.57 10.78 11.86 2.79 4.61 R-0.57 64.04 1983 54.42 3.20 6.49 64.11 10.65 11.75 2.04 3.69 R0.94 63.29 1984 58.85 3.55 6.43 68.83 11.43 12.47 2.15 3.79 R-0.78 66.62 1985 57.54 4.08 6.03 67.65 10.61 11.78 2.44 4.20 R1.24 66.22 1986 56.58 4.38 6.13 67.09 13.20 14.15 2.25 4.02 R-0.44 66.15 1987 57.17 4.75 5.69 67.61 14.16 15.40 2.09 3.81 R0.03 68.63 1988 57.87 5.59 5.49 68.95 15.75 17.30 2.50 4.37 R0.96 71.66 1989 57.47 5.60 6.29 69.36 17.16 18.77 2.64 4.66 R1.49 73.02 1990 58.53 6.10 6.13 70.73 17.12 18.82 2.77 4.75 R-0.13 72.46 1991 57.83 6.42 6.16 70.36 16.35 18.33 2.85 5.14 R1.04 72.00 1992 57.59 6.48 5.91 69.93 16.97 19.37 2.68 4.94 R1.58 73.52 1993 55.74 6.41 6.16 68.26 18.51 21.27 1.96 4.26 2.30 975.05 1994 57.95 6.69 6.06 70.68 19.24 22.39 1.88 4.06 0.24 76.48 1995 57.44 7.08 6.67 71.16 18.88 22.26 2.32 4.51 2.32 77.49 1996 58.28 7.09 7.14 72.47 20.29 23.70 2.37 4.63 2.68 79.98 1997 58.76 6.60 7.08 72.39 21.74 25.22 2.19 4.51 1.64 81.09 1998 59.20 7.07 6.56 72.79 22.91 26.58 2.09 4.30 0.08 81.59 1999 57.51 7.61 6.60 71.65 23.13 27.25 1.53 3.71 1.58 82.65 2000 57.25 7.86 6.16 71.22 24.53 28.97 1.53 4.01 R2.72 R84.96 2001 R58.56 8.03 R5.29 R71.79 25.40 R30.16 1.27 R3.77 R-1.80 R83.22 2002 R56.91 R8.14 RP5.96 R70.93 R24.68 R29.41 1.03 R3.66 R1.35 R84.10 2003 P56.44 P7.97 P6.15 P70.47 P26.21 P31.02 P1.12 P4.05 P0.71 P84.34 

1 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 2 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 3 Also includes hydroelectric pumped storage. 4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 5 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity. 6 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity. 7 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and

unaccounted-for supply. 8 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. 9 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline i

"Fossil Fuels" and "Renewable Energy," but is counted only once 

10 Also includes hydroelectric pumped storage and electricity n

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Energy Production by Source

By Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Electric Power, and By Major Source, 1949-2003Renewable Energy, 1949-2003By Source, 20036 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

Wood

22

20

12

8

3 3 2

(s)

Coal Natural Crude Oil1 Nuclear Wood, Hydro- NPGL3 Geothermal

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Waste,

Alcohol

Hydroelectric Power2

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional and pumped-storage hydroelectric power.3 Natural gas plant liquids.4 Solar and wind.

(s)=Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 1.2. 

and Other Gas electric 4

Power2

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.2 Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 3

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 2

Natural

Gas

Plant

Liquids Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 4 Geothermal Solar 

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 5 ( ) 1.425 1.549 NA NA 1950 14.060 6.233 11.447 0.823 32.563 0.000 5 ( ) 1.415 1.562 NA NA 1955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 0.000 5 ( ) 1.360 1.424 NA NA 1960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 0.006 5 ( ) 1.608 1.320 0.001 NA 1965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 0.043 5 ( ) 2.059 1.335 0.004 NA 1970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 0.239 5 ( ) 2.634 1.431 0.011 NA 1971 13.186 22.280 20.033 2.544 58.042 0.413 5 ( ) 2.824 1.432 0.012 NA 1972 14.092 22.208 20.041 2.598 58.938 0.584 5 ( ) 2.864 1.503 0.031 NA 1973 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 0.910 5 ( ) 2.861 1.529 0.043 NA 1974 14.074 21.210 18.575 2.471 56.331 1.272 5 ( ) 3.177 1.540 0.053 NA 1975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 5 ( ) 3.155 1.499 0.070 NA 1976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 5 ( ) 2.976 1.713 0.078 NA 1977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 5 ( ) 2.333 1.838 0.077 NA 1978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 5 ( ) 2.937 2.038 0.064 NA 1979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 5 ( ) 2.931 2.152 0.084 NA 1980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 5 ( ) 2.900 2.485 0.110 NA 1981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 5 ( ) 2.758 2.590 0.123 NA 1982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 5 ( ) 3.266 2.615 0.105 NA 1983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 5 ( ) 3.527 2.831 0.129 NA 1984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 5 ( ) 3.386 2.880 0.165 (s) 1985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 5 ( ) 2.970 2.864 0.198 (s) 1986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 5 ( ) 3.071 2.841 0.219 (s) 1987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 5 ( ) 2.635 2.823 0.229 (s) 1988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 5 ( ) 2.334 2.937 0.217 (s) 1989 21.346 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.468 5.602 5 ( ) 2.837 3.062 0.317 0.055 1990 22.456 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.529 6.104 -0.036 3.046 2.662 0.336 0.060 1991 21.594 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.829 6.422 -0.047 3.016 2.702 0.346 0.063 1992 21.629 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.590 6.479 -0.043 2.617 2.847 0.349 0.064 1993 20.249 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.736 6.410 -0.042 2.892 R2.803 0.364 0.066 1994 22.111 19.348 14.103 2.391 57.952 6.694 -0.035 2.683 2.939 0.338 0.069 1995 22.029 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.440 7.075 -0.028 3.205 3.068 0.294 0.070 1996 22.684 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.281 7.087 -0.032 3.590 3.127 0.316 0.071 1997 23.211 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.758 6.597 -0.041 3.640 3.006 0.325 0.070 1998 23.935 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.204 7.068 -0.046 3.297 2.835 0.328 0.070 1999 23.186 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.505 7.610 -0.062 3.268 2.885 0.331 0.069 2000 22.623 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.254 7.862 -0.057 2.811 2.907 0.317 0.066 2001 R23.529 R20.205 12.282 2.547 R58.563 R8.033 -0.090 2.201 R2.640 0.311 0.065 2002 R22.698 R19.495 R12.163 R2.559 R56.915 R8.143 RP-0.088 RP2.675 R2.791 R0.328 P0.064 R2003 P22.311 P19.641 P12.145 P2.343 P56.440 P7.973 P-0.088 P2.779 P2.884 P0.314 P0.063 

1 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 4 "Alcohol" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

5 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6
Figure 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2003 By Major Source, 1949-2003By Source, 20038 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Conventional and pumped-storage hydroelectric power.

(s)= Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

39

23 23

8

3 3

(s)

Petroleum Coal Natural Nuclear Wood, Hydro- Geothermal,

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Natural G

Hydroelectric Power1

Coal

Waste,

Alcohol

Petroleum

Wo

Solar,

Wind

Gas electric

Power1

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 3,4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 4,6 Geothermal Solar Wind 

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 7 ( ) 1.425 1.549 NA NA NA 1950 12.347 0.001 5.968 13.315 31.632 0.000 7 ( ) 1.415 1.562 NA NA NA 1955 11.167 -0.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 0.000 7 ( ) 1.360 1.424 NA NA NA 1960 9.838 -0.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 0.006 7 ( ) 1.608 1.320 0.001 NA NA 1965 11.581 -0.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 0.043 7 ( ) 2.059 1.335 0.004 NA NA 1970 12.265 -0.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 0.239 7 ( ) 2.634 1.431 0.011 NA NA 1971 11.598 -0.033 22.469 30.561 64.596 0.413 7 ( ) 2.824 1.432 0.012 NA NA 1972 12.077 -0.026 22.698 32.947 67.696 0.584 7 ( ) 2.864 1.503 0.031 NA NA 1973 12.971 -0.007 22.512 34.840 70.316 0.910 7 ( ) 2.861 1.529 0.043 NA NA 1974 12.663 0.056 21.732 33.455 67.906 1.272 7 ( ) 3.177 1.540 0.053 NA NA 1975 12.663 0.014 19.948 32.731 65.355 1.900 7 ( ) 3.155 1.499 0.070 NA NA 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.175 69.104 2.111 7 ( ) 2.976 1.713 0.078 NA NA 1977 13.922 0.015 19.931 37.122 70.989 2.702 7 ( ) 2.333 1.838 0.077 NA NA 1978 13.766 0.125 20.000 37.965 71.856 3.024 7 ( ) 2.937 2.038 0.064 NA NA 1979 15.040 0.063 20.666 37.123 72.892 2.776 7 ( ) 2.931 2.152 0.084 NA NA 1980 15.423 -0.035 20.394 34.202 69.984 2.739 7 ( ) 2.900 2.485 0.110 NA NA 1981 15.908 -0.016 19.928 31.931 67.750 3.008 7 ( ) 2.758 2.590 0.123 NA NA 1982 15.322 -0.022 18.505 30.232 64.037 3.131 7 ( ) 3.266 2.615 0.105 NA NA 1983 15.894 -0.016 17.357 30.054 63.290 3.203 7 ( ) 3.527 2.831 0.129 NA (s) 1984 17.071 -0.011 18.507 31.051 66.617 3.553 7 ( ) 3.386 2.880 0.165 (s) (s) 1985 17.478 -0.013 17.834 30.922 66.221 4.076 7 ( ) 2.970 2.864 0.198 (s) (s) 1986 17.260 -0.017 16.708 32.196 66.148 4.380 7 ( ) 3.071 2.841 0.219 (s) (s) 1987 18.008 0.009 17.744 32.865 68.626 4.754 7 ( ) 2.635 2.823 0.229 (s) (s) 1988 18.846 0.040 18.552 34.222 71.660 5.587 7 ( ) 2.334 2.937 0.217 (s) (s) 1989 19.070 0.030 19.712 34.211 73.023 5.602 7 ( ) 2.837 3.062 0.317 0.055 0.022 1990 19.173 0.005 19.730 33.553 72.460 6.104 -0.036 3.046 2.662 0.336 0.060 0.029 1991 18.992 0.010 20.149 32.845 71.996 6.422 -0.047 3.016 2.702 0.346 0.063 0.031 1992 19.122 0.035 20.835 33.527 73.519 6.479 -0.043 2.617 2.847 0.349 0.064 0.030 1993 19.835 0.027 21.351 433.841 75.055 6.410 -0.042 2.892 4,R2.803 0.364 0.066 0.031 1994 19.909 0.058 21.842 34.670 76.480 6.694 -0.035 2.683 2.939 0.338 0.069 0.036 1995 20.089 0.061 22.784 34.553 77.488 7.075 -0.028 3.205 3.068 0.294 0.070 0.033 1996 21.002 0.023 23.197 35.757 79.978 7.087 -0.032 3.590 3.127 0.316 0.071 0.033 1997 21.445 0.046 23.329 36.266 81.086 6.597 -0.041 3.640 3.006 0.325 0.070 0.034 1998 21.656 0.067 22.936 36.934 81.592 7.068 -0.046 3.297 2.835 0.328 0.070 0.031 1999 21.623 0.058 23.010 37.960 82.650 7.610 -0.062 3.268 2.885 0.331 0.069 0.046 2000 22.580 0.065 R23.916 38.404 R84.965 7.862 -0.057 2.811 2.907 0.317 0.066 0.057 2001 R21.952 R0.029 R22.906 38.333 R83.221 R8.033 -0.090 2.201 R2.640 0.311 0.065 0.068 2002 R21.980 R0.061 R23.662 R38.401 R84.104 R8.143 RP-0.088 RP2.675 R2.791 R0.328 P0.064 RP0.105 2003 P22.707 P0.051 P22.507 P39.074 P84.338 P7.973 P-0.088 P2.779 P2.884 P0.314 P0.063 P0.108 

1 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

4 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline is included in both "Petroleum" and "Wood,

Waste, Alcohol," but is counted only once in total consumption.

5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.

6 "Alcohol" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 7 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less 

quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • See Table E1 for estimated energy consumption 

Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not eqrounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A4, A5, a
Figure 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2003

Energy Imports Energy ExportsEnergy Net Imports10 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520253035

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu Total

Petroleum

Total

Coal

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-5

05

1015202530

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Notes: • Negative net imports are net exports. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should

not be compared.

Source: Table 1.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports 

Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum 1 Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas 

1949 0.01 0.00 1.43 0.01 1.45 0.88 0.02 0.68 0.01 1.59 -0.87 -0.02 1950 0.01 0.00 1.89 0.02 1.91 0.79 0.03 0.64 0.01 1.47 -0.78 -0.03 1955 0.01 0.01 2.75 0.02 2.79 1.46 0.03 0.77 0.01 2.29 -1.46 -0.02 1960 0.01 0.16 4.00 0.02 4.19 1.02 0.01 0.43 0.01 1.48 -1.02 0.15 1965 (s) 0.47 5.40 0.01 5.89 1.38 0.03 0.39 0.03 1.83 -1.37 0.44 1970 (s) 0.85 7.47 0.02 8.34 1.94 0.07 0.55 0.08 2.63 -1.93 0.77 1971 (s) 0.96 8.54 0.03 9.53 1.55 0.08 0.47 0.05 2.15 -1.54 0.88 1972 (s) 1.05 10.30 0.04 11.39 1.53 0.08 0.47 0.04 2.12 -1.53 0.97 1973 (s) 1.06 13.47 0.08 14.61 1.43 0.08 0.49 0.04 2.03 -1.42 0.98 1974 0.05 0.99 13.13 0.14 14.30 1.62 0.08 0.46 0.04 2.20 -1.57 0.91 1975 0.02 0.98 12.95 0.08 14.03 1.76 0.07 0.44 0.05 2.32 -1.74 0.90 1976 0.03 0.99 15.67 0.07 16.76 1.60 0.07 0.47 0.04 2.17 -1.57 0.92 1977 0.04 1.04 18.76 0.11 19.95 1.44 0.06 0.51 0.04 2.05 -1.40 0.98 1978 0.07 0.99 17.82 0.21 19.11 1.08 0.05 0.77 0.02 1.92 -1.00 0.94 1979 0.05 1.30 17.93 0.18 19.46 1.75 0.06 1.00 0.04 2.86 -1.70 1.24 1980 0.03 1.01 14.66 0.10 15.80 2.42 0.05 1.16 0.07 3.69 -2.39 0.96 1981 0.03 0.92 12.64 0.14 13.72 2.94 0.06 1.26 0.04 4.31 -2.92 0.86 1982 0.02 0.95 10.78 0.12 11.86 2.79 0.05 1.73 0.04 4.61 -2.77 0.90 1983 0.03 0.94 10.65 0.13 11.75 2.04 0.06 1.57 0.03 3.69 -2.01 0.89 1984 0.03 0.85 11.43 0.16 12.47 2.15 0.06 1.54 0.03 3.79 -2.12 0.79 1985 0.05 0.95 10.61 0.17 11.78 2.44 0.06 1.66 0.04 4.20 -2.39 0.90 1986 0.06 0.75 13.20 0.15 14.15 2.25 0.06 1.67 0.04 4.02 -2.19 0.69 1987 0.04 0.99 14.16 0.20 15.40 2.09 0.05 1.63 0.03 3.81 -2.05 0.94 1988 0.05 1.30 15.75 0.20 17.30 2.50 0.07 1.74 0.05 4.37 -2.45 1.22 1989 0.07 1.39 17.16 0.15 18.77 2.64 0.11 1.84 0.08 4.66 -2.57 1.28 1990 0.07 1.55 17.12 0.08 18.82 2.77 0.09 1.82 0.07 4.75 -2.70 1.46 1991 0.08 1.80 16.35 0.10 18.33 2.85 0.13 2.13 0.03 5.14 -2.77 1.67 1992 0.10 2.16 16.97 0.15 19.37 2.68 0.22 2.01 0.03 4.94 -2.59 1.94 1993 0.20 2.40 18.51 0.16 21.27 1.96 0.14 2.12 0.04 4.26 -1.76 2.25 1994 0.22 2.68 19.24 0.24 22.39 1.88 0.16 1.99 0.03 4.06 -1.66 2.52 1995 0.24 2.90 18.88 0.24 22.26 2.32 0.16 1.99 0.05 4.51 -2.08 2.74 1996 0.20 3.00 20.29 0.21 23.70 2.37 0.16 2.06 0.05 4.63 -2.17 2.85 1997 0.19 3.06 21.74 0.22 25.22 2.19 0.16 2.10 0.06 4.51 -2.01 2.90 1998 0.22 3.22 22.91 0.23 26.58 2.09 0.16 1.97 0.07 4.30 -1.87 3.06 1999 0.23 3.66 23.13 0.23 27.25 1.53 0.16 1.95 0.07 3.71 -1.30 3.50 2000 0.31 3.87 24.53 0.26 28.97 1.53 0.25 2.15 0.08 4.01 -1.21 3.62 2001 0.49 4.07 25.40 0.19 R30.16 1.27 0.38 2.04 R0.09 R3.77 -0.77 3.69 2002 0.42 4.10 R24.68 0.20 R29.41 1.03 0.52 2.04 R0.07 R3.66 -0.61 3.58 2003P 0.63 4.02 26.21 0.17 31.02 1.12 0.70 2.13 0.10 4.05 -0.49 3.32 

1 Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Coal coke and small amounts of electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 quadrillion Btu and greater than -0.005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its

territories and possessions. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports a

or net import items may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption, 1949-2003 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2000 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures a1949-2003 1970-2000 Gross Domestic Produ12 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

Billion Nominal Dollars

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 19

05

10152025

MBtu1 per Chained (2000) Dollar

1 Thousand Btu. Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Nominal Dollars

1970 1975 1980 

05

1015

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures

Energy

Expenditures

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures

as Share of GDP

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Consumption

per Dollar of GDP

G

pe

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars

Nominal

Dollars

Billion

Nominal

Dollars Percent

Billion

Chained

(2000) Dollars

Thousand Btu

per Chained

(2000) Dollar

Met

Dio

per 

(

1949 31.98 215 NA NA R267.3 NA R1,634.6 R19.57 1950 34.62 229 NA NA R293.8 NA R1,777.3 R19.48 1955 40.21 244 NA NA R414.8 NA R2,212.8 R18.17 1960 45.09 251 NA NA R526.4 NA R2,501.8 R18.02 1965 54.02 279 NA NA R719.1 NA R3,191.1 R16.93 1970 67.84 334 82,898 408 R1,038.5 8.0 R3,771.9 R17.99 1971 69.29 335 90,051 435 R1,127.1 8.0 R3,898.6 R17.77 1972 72.70 347 98,088 469 R1,238.3 7.9 R4,105.0 R17.71 1973 75.71 358 111,910 529 R1,382.7 8.1 R4,341.5 R17.44 1974 73.99 347 153,350 719 R1,500.0 10.2 R4,319.6 R17.13 1975 72.00 334 171,802 797 R1,638.3 10.5 R4,311.2 R16.70 1976 76.01 349 193,852 891 R1,825.3 10.6 R4,540.9 R16.74 1977 78.00 355 220,391 1,003 R2,030.9 R10.9 R4,750.5 R16.42 1978 79.99 360 239,175 1,077 R2,294.7 10.4 R5,015.0 R15.95 1979 80.90 360 297,518 1,325 R2,563.3 11.6 R5,173.4 R15.64 1980 78.29 346 374,319 1,652 R2,789.5 13.4 R5,161.7 R15.17 1981 R76.34 333 427,697 1,864 R3,128.4 13.7 R5,291.7 R14.43 1982 R73.25 316 426,109 1,839 R3,255.0 13.1 R5,189.3 R14.12 1983 R73.10 313 417,047 1,784 R3,536.7 11.8 R5,423.8 R13.48 1984 R76.74 325 434,379 1,842 R3,933.2 11.0 R5,813.6 R13.20 1985 R76.47 321 437,271 1,838 R4,220.3 10.4 R6,053.7 R12.63 1986 R76.78 R320 382,741 1,594 R4,462.8 8.6 R6,263.6 R12.26 1987 R79.23 327 395,730 1,633 R4,739.5 8.3 R6,475.1 R12.24 1988 R82.84 339 409,572 1,675 R5,103.8 8.0 R6,742.7 R12.29 1989 R84.96 344 436,752 1,770 R5,484.4 8.0 R6,981.4 R12.17 1990 R84.67 340 472,214 1,898 R5,803.1 8.1 R7,112.5 R11.90 1991 R84.60 334 470,095 1,858 R5,995.9 R7.8 R7,100.5 R11.91 1992 R85.95 335 475,298 1,853 R6,337.7 7.5 R7,336.6 R11.72 1993 87.58 337 492,816 1,896 R6,657.4 7.4 R7,532.7 R11.63 1994 89.25 339 506,553 1,925 R7,072.2 7.2 R7,835.5 R11.39 1995 91.22 343 516,207 1,939 R7,397.7 7.0 R8,031.7 R11.36 1996 94.22 350 562,600 2,088 R7,816.9 7.2 R8,328.9 R11.31 1997 94.73 347 569,011 2,087 R8,304.3 R6.9 R8,703.5 R10.88 1998 95.15 345 527,028 1,911 R8,747.0 6.0 R9,066.9 R10.49 1999 96.77 347 560,161 2,007 R9,268.4 6.0 R9,470.3 R10.22 2000 R98.90 R351 703,188 2,499 R9,817.0 7.2 R9,817.0 R10.07 2001 R96.38 338 NA NA R10,100.8 NA R9,866.6 R9.77 2002 R98.03 R340 NA NA R10,480.8 NA R10,083.0 R9.72 2003P 98.16 338 NA NA 10,987.9 NA 10,398.0 9.44 

1 Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1. 2 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Exp

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. GreenhouDioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated 
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2000

ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

TX

CA

PA NY IL OH LA FL

MI IN GA NJ NC VA WA TN AL KY WI MA MN MO MD SC OK AZ CO MS IA AR OR KS CT WV UT NV AK NM MT NE ME I

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

Ranked by State

0

2

468

10

12

14

Quadrillion Btu

AK

LA

WY

MT

ND TX

KY IN AL ME WV OK AR MS ID PA DE KS IA WA SC TN IL OH US MN NM NE GA WI SD VA NJ UT NV OR MI NC MO DC MD CO M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 

Ranked by State and U.S. Average

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

Billion Btu

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 1.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2000

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures Expenditures per Person 

State Trillion Btu State Million Btu State Million Dollars State Dollars 

 1 Texas 11,588.6 Alaska 1,000.6 Texas 74,045 Louisiana 4,638  2 California 8,518.7 Louisiana 887.3 California 71,058 Wyoming 4,541  3 Pennsylvania 4,779.9 Wyoming 844.7 New York 42,563 Alaska 4,341  4 New York 4,620.0 Montana 659.0 Florida 31,178 Texas 3,551  5 Illinois 4,417.9 North Dakota 569.0 Pennsylvania 30,484 North Dakota 3,233  6 Ohio 4,001.8 Texas 555.8 Illinois 30,122 Montana 3,162  7 Louisiana 3,965.2 Kentucky 462.2 Ohio 29,645 Maine 2,959  8 Florida 3,943.8 Indiana 456.8 Michigan 22,704 Iowa 2,841  9 Michigan 3,121.9 Alabama 444.6 New Jersey 21,639 Kentucky 2,810  10 Indiana 2,777.6 Maine 440.1 Louisiana 20,726 Indiana 2,801  11 Georgia 2,769.9 West Virginia 411.4 Georgia 19,782 Kansas 2,749  12 New Jersey 2,706.6 Oklahoma 405.9 North Carolina 19,351 Arkansas 2,740  13 North Carolina 2,501.9 Arkansas 405.4 Indiana 17,033 Alabama 2,719  14 Virginia 2,303.6 Mississippi 402.1 Virginia 16,791 Oklahoma 2,706  15 Washington 2,173.8 Idaho 395.0 Massachusetts 15,459 District of Columbia 2,675  16 Tennessee 2,025.9 Pennsylvania 389.2 Tennessee 13,792 Vermont 2,675  17 Alabama 1,977.3 Delaware 386.1 Missouri 13,277 Delaware 2,644  18 Kentucky 1,868.2 Kansas 385.3 Washington 13,180 Mississippi 2,623  19 Wisconsin 1,799.7 Iowa 375.7 Wisconsin 13,059 Ohio 2,611  20 Massachusetts 1,722.8 Washington 368.8 Minnesota 12,224 New Hampshire 2,611  21 Minnesota 1,688.0 South Carolina 368.2 Alabama 12,094 South Dakota 2,585  22 Missouri 1,659.2 Tennessee 356.1 Maryland 11,796 New Jersey 2,572  23 Maryland 1,520.1 Illinois 355.7 Kentucky 11,356 South Carolina 2,536  24 South Carolina 1,477.1 Ohio 352.5 Arizona 10,562 Nebraska 2,526  25 Oklahoma 1,400.5 Minnesota 343.1 South Carolina 10,176 Minnesota 2,485  26 Arizona 1,215.8 New Mexico 341.2 Oklahoma 9,337 Pennsylvania 2,482  27 Colorado 1,199.9 Nebraska 341.0 Colorado 8,690 West Virginia 2,452  28 Mississippi 1,143.8 Georgia 338.4 Iowa 8,314 Idaho 2,441  29 Iowa 1,099.3 Wisconsin 335.5 Connecticut 8,275 Massachusetts 2,435  30 Arkansas 1,083.7 South Dakota 325.9 Oregon 7,644 Wisconsin 2,435  31 Oregon 1,079.7 Virginia 325.4 Mississippi 7,462 Connecticut 2,430  32 Kansas 1,035.7 New Jersey 321.7 Kansas 7,392 Illinois 2,425  33 Connecticut 863.0 Utah 321.6 Arkansas 7,326 Tennessee 2,424  34 West Virginia 744.0 Nevada 316.7 Nevada 4,834 Nevada 2,419  35 Utah 718.2 Oregon 315.6 Utah 4,561 Georgia 2,416  36 Nevada 632.8 Michigan 314.1 West Virginia 4,434 North Carolina 2,404  37 Alaska 627.3 North Carolina 310.8 Nebraska 4,323 Missouri 2,373  38 New Mexico 620.7 Missouri 296.5 New Mexico 4,109 Virginia 2,372  39 Montana 594.5 District of Columbia 290.6 Maine 3,772 Michigan 2,284  40 Nebraska 583.5 Maryland 287.0 New Hampshire 3,227 Rhode Island 2,271  41 Maine 561.2 Colorado 279.0 Idaho 3,158 New Mexico 2,259  42 Idaho 511.1 Massachusetts 271.3 Montana 2,852 New York 2,243  43 Wyoming 417.1 Vermont 270.4 Alaska 2,721 Washington 2,236  44 North Dakota 365.4 New Hampshire 266.3 Hawaii 2,634 Oregon 2,234  45 New Hampshire 329.1 Connecticut 253.4 Rhode Island 2,381 Maryland 2,227  46 Delaware 302.6 California 251.5 Wyoming 2,242 Hawaii 2,174  47 Hawaii 264.8 Florida 246.8 North Dakota 2,077 California 2,098  48 Rhode Island 250.4 New York 243.5 Delaware 2,072 Arizona 2,059  49 South Dakota 246.0 Rhode Island 238.8 South Dakota 1,952 Utah 2,042  50 District of Columbia 166.2 Arizona 237.0 Vermont 1,629 Colorado 2,020  51 Vermont 164.6 Hawaii 218.6 District of Columbia 1,530 Florida 1,951 

 United States 198,216.2 United States 349.0 United States 2703,188 United States 2,499 

1 Includes 65.4 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. Does not

include 725.8 trillion Btu of energy consumed by independent power producers and combined-heatand-power plants that are included in total consumption on Tables 1.1,1.3, and 1.5. 

2 Includes $146 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.

Sources: • Consumption: Energy Information Administrat

Consumption Estimates (May 2002), Tables 9 and 10. • ExpPrice and Expenditure Report 2000 (November 2002), Table 1. by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates and expenditures estimates are annual 1970 through 2000. 
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004

16 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1963

October November December January February Ma

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

2003-2004 Heating Season

Heating Season 30-Year Normals1

Record High and Low Years 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

2004

1954

1990

1956

2001

1976

1976

1977

1989

1978
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1971 976 760 681 375 194 29 10 12 47 187  1972 890 785 608 377 137 49 7 12 65 330  1973 893 772 504 356 182 22 6 9 61 212  1974 838 754 556 310 171 42 6 13 94 303  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 71 267  2002 R778 R670 R624 R282 R185 23 R3 R8 R38 R299  2003P R940 R819 R564 R351 162 39 2 2 59 252  2004P 957 769 487 302 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Normals1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by theestimated 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions

and the national average.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2002 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CeClimatology Series 5-1. • 2003 and 2004—Energy InformatioJune 2003-May 2004 issues, Table 1.10, which reports data from Analysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2003

18 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days

2003 Cooling Season

Cooling Season 30-Year Normals1

Record High and Low Years

1967

1950

1991

1992

1976

1955

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

19

1983

1954

1955

1952

1995
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1971 8 7 10 22 68 244 288 269 182 77  1972 15 6 22 36 88 174 299 276 169 44  1973 7 3 24 18 75 236 318 303 166 66  1974 21 6 28 29 101 173 317 267 120 40  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 R6 R17 R53 R92 R242 369 R331 R202 R57  2003P 2 6 R20 R38 106 196 334 332 155 64  2004P 5 5 26 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Normals1 9 8 18 30 97 213 321 290 155 53 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by theestimated 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions

and the national average.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2002 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CeClimatology Series 5-2. • 2003 and 2004—Energy InformatioJune 2003-May 2004 issues, Table 1.11, which reports data from Analysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2003Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 200320 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

Atlantic

30-Year Normal2: 4,524

High: 4,958 (1978)

England Atlantic Central Central Central Central

6,908

6,057

6,423 6,486

2,882

3,589

2,227

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South M

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days

3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1971 6,695 5,761 6,236 6,594 2,763 3,395 1,985 5,585  1972 7,001 6,064 6,772 7,094 2,759 3,438 2,259 5,352  1973 6,120 5,327 5,780 6,226 2,718 3,309 2,256 5,562  1974 6,621 5,670 6,259 6,478 2,551 3,171 2,080 5,281  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,662 5,809 6,617 6,762 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,189  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,059 5,297 5,824 6,185 2,666 3,314 2,200 4,954  2002 R6,099 5,372 R6,122 R6,625 R2,671 R3,420 R2,307 R5,028  2003P 6,908 6,057 6,423 6,486 2,882 3,589 2,227 4,633 

Normals2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the estimated 2000 population. The population-weighted Statefigures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2002 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CeClimatology Series 5-1. • 2003—Energy Information Administr2003-May 2004 issues, Table 1.10, which reports data from Analysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland. Census Division datmonthly statistics shown in the cited issues of the MER.
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2003Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 200322 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

30-Year Normal2: 1,215

Low: 1,029 (1976)

502

662 633

950

1,996

1,510

2,587

418

655 708

928

1,964

1,549

2,448

1,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Norrmal2 2003

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1971 465 730 783 960 1,932 1,577 2,448 1,074  1972 364 614 643 908 1,843 1,525 2,513 1,141  1973 551 830 864 1,009 2,000 1,665 2,359 1,123  1974 393 614 626 878 1,842 1,382 2,342 1,188  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 R570 R863 R933 R1,049 R2,209 R1,808 R2,545 R1,543  2003P 502 662 633 950 1,996 1,510 2,587 1,603 

Normals2 418 655 708 928 1,964 1,549 2,448 1,244 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the estimated 2000 population. The population-weighted Statefigures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2002 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CeClimatology Series 5-2. • 2003—Energy Information Adm2003-May 2004 issues, Table 1.11, which reports data from Analysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years 1975-2003Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 200324 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 General Services Administration.2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.3 Health and Human Services.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. • Becaushould not be compared.

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)

Total

Non-Defense Agenci

Defense

41.6

31.3

29.3

19.5 18.5

12

9.9 8.3 7.9 

Postal Energy Veterans Justice GSA1 Transportation NASA2 HHS3 Interior 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Agencies

Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vet

Af

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 19.3 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 R46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 43.4 15.7 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 R44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 R27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 R10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 7.1 R837.9 R30.8 17.5 R8.0 R8.1 R18.2 R10.6 42.0 R18.4 2003P 7.3 837.9 31.3 18.5 8.3 7.9 19.5 9.9 41.6 12.0 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama

Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, RailroadRetirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, SmallBusiness Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, and U.S. Information Agency (International

Broadcasting Bureau).

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 th

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. • Data include energforeign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primU.S. Government energy use for electricity generation a• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent r

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfem

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency an

Energy Management Programs.
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2003

By Major Energy Source By Petroleum Product26 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Jet Fu

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. • Because vertical scales differ, graphsshould not be compared.

Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum

Motor Gasoline

Distillate and Re
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Electricit

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

Motor

Gasoline

LPG 1

and Other 2 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 63.2 5.6 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 60.4 4.7 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 61.4 4.1 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 60.1 3.0 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 59.1 3.7 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 56.5 4.0 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 53.2 3.7 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 53.1 3.9 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 51.6 4.0 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 51.2 4.1 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.2 R149.8 1.9 R291.0 705.7 50.4 4.0 R1,053.0 R167.9 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 45.3 3.9 1,032.4 R155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 43.1 4.0 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 41.2 3.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 0.8 245.3 761.7 41.1 5.7 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.2 R157.6 0.5 R245.2 732.4 37.2 6.4 R1,021.8 R193.3 1991 45.9 154.1 0.4 232.6 774.5 34.1 9.0 1,050.7 192.6 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 35.6 11.4 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 0.7 187.0 612.4 34.5 9.3 843.9 193.0 1994 35.0 143.9 0.6 198.5 550.7 29.5 10.9 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 0.3 178.5 522.3 31.9 11.4 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 R147.4 0.2 170.6 513.0 27.6 21.7 733.2 184.4 1997 22.5 154.0 0.3 180.1 475.7 39.0 17.2 712.2 R183.9 1998 23.9 R140.7 0.2 174.6 445.5 43.1 9.4 672.8 R181.7 1999 21.2 R137.6 0.1 162.2 444.7 41.1 2.9 650.9 R180.3 2000 22.7 R134.0 0.2 171.4 403.1 43.9 4.3 622.9 R194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 0.2 177.0 R415.2 42.5 R7.9 R642.9 R188.7 2002 R16.9 R133.9 0.2 R166.6 R472.9 R42.0 R6.1 R687.9 R188.7 2003P 17.1 135.9 0.2 167.5 473.3 42.0 6.3 689.4 189.3 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. 2 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

3 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975 and

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. • This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btuper kilowatthour and a conversion factor for purchased steam of 1,000 Btu per pound. • Data include

energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operatio

primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Governmenuranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal sum of 

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfe

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and R

Management Programs.
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 199

By AgencyBy Source28 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 1.13.

629

104 79

26 60 86 

787

115 104

42 57 78 4

Petroleum Electricity Natural Gas Coal, Purchased Petroleum Electricity Na

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

1993 2003

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other1 

Residual Fuel Oil Petroleum Gasoline Steam

473

168

42 7

689

189 136

612

187

35 10

844

193 153

5

Jet Fuel Distillate and Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas Coa

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

1993 2003

Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1993 and 

 (Trillion Btu)

Agency Coal

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Elec

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

Motor

Gasoline

LPG 1

and Other 2 Total

Total, 1993 ....................................... 38.3 152.9 0.7 187.0 612.4 34.5 9.3 843.9 1

 Defense .......................................... 28.7 103.6 0.0 171.5 602.9 10.7 2.3 787.4 1 Energy ............................................ 9.2 11.9 0.0 2.3 0.4 1.2 0.5 4.4  Postal Service ................................. 0.0 6.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 10.3 0.0 13.6  Veterans Affairs .............................. 0.1 13.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 2.2  Transportation ................................ 0.0 1.5 0.1 1.0 5.6 0.6 4.4 11.8  General Services Administration .... 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5  NASA .............................................. 0.0 2.4 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.0 2.7  Agriculture ...................................... 0.0 1.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 4.6 0.2 5.4  Justice ............................................ 0.2 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.0 3.1  Interior ............................................ 0.1 0.8 0.0 1.2 0.1 1.8 1.5 4.7  Health and Human Services ........... 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.9  Other 4 ............................................ 0.0 2.5 0.3 2.4 1.3 2.2 0.0 6.2 

Total, 2003 P .................................... 17.1 135.9 0.2 167.5 473.3 42.0 6.3 689.4 1

 Defense .......................................... 14.9 79.2 0.0 145.7 465.3 13.9 4.2 629.0 1 Energy ............................................ 2.0 6.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.9 0.2 3.3  Postal Service ................................. 0.0 7.5 0.0 5.2 0.0 11.7 0.2 17.1  Veterans Affairs .............................. 0.2 14.9 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 2.4  Transportation ................................ 0.0 0.7 0.0 6.6 0.6 0.7 0.1 8.0  General Services Administration .... 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2  NASA .............................................. 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.2  Agriculture ...................................... 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.3 0.2 2.9  Justice ............................................ 0.0 6.3 0.1 0.7 1.5 5.6 0.1 7.9  Interior ............................................ 0.0 1.4 0.0 1.2 0.1 2.4 0.8 4.6  Health and Human Services ........... 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.1  Other 5 ............................................ 0.0 4.2 0.0 2.5 5.2 3.5 0.4 11.6 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. 2 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

3 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities. 4 Includes U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority,

U.S. Department of Labor, U.S Information Agency, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,Federal Communications Commission, Office of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of State,Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of the Treasury, National Archives andRecords Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Railroad Retirement Board, Federal TradeCommission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, andEnvironmental Protection Agency.

5 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.

Department of Labor, U.S. Department of State, Environmental Protection Agency, FederalCommunications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Social Security Administration, InternationalBroadcasting Bureau, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office

of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of Homeland Secu

Development, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Railroad RetirFederal Emergency Management Agency, Central Intelligence A

P=Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from Octo

uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthsteam of 1,000 Btu per pound. • Data include energy consuoperations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily bGovernment energy use for electricity generation and uranium equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfe

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and R

Management Programs.
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Total, 1949-2003 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2003

By Source, 1949-2003 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2003

30 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • All data are on a calendar-year basis except 2001, which is on a fiscal-year basis

(October 2000–September 2001). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land

owned by the Federal Government, including acquired militarpublic lands. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should 

Source: Table 1.14.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

2003: 22

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

44

40

Coal Crude Oil and Natu

0

1020304050

Percent

Lease Condensate

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

 Lease Condensate
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas Plant Liquids 2 Natural Gas 3 Coal 

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Short Tons

Quadrillion

Btu 4

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 R0.24 1950 105.9 0.61 5.4 4.4 0.02 2.4 0.14 0.15 2.4 7.7 R0.19 1955 159.5 0.92 6.4 6.0 0.03 2.1 0.43 0.45 4.8 5.9 R0.15 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 0.05 3.4 0.95 0.98 7.8 5.2 R0.13 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 0.06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 R0.20 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 0.17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 R0.29 1971 648.9 3.76 18.8 54.0 0.22 8.7 3.95 4.08 18.3 17.3 R0.41 1972 630.5 3.66 18.2 56.7 0.23 8.9 4.17 4.28 19.3 19.0 R0.44 1973 604.3 3.51 18.0 54.9 0.22 8.7 4.37 4.46 20.1 24.2 R0.57 1974 570.2 3.31 17.8 61.9 0.25 10.1 4.75 4.87 22.9 32.1 R0.74 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 0.24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 R1.00 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 0.23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 R1.98 1977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 0.23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 R1.69 1978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 0.10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 R1.76 1979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 0.05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 R1.91 1980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 0.04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 R2.08 1981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 0.05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 R3.10 1982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 0.06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 R2.89 1983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 0.05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 R2.74 1984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 0.10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 R3.00 1985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 0.10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 R4.04 1986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 0.09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 R4.16 1987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 0.09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 R4.28 1988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 0.14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 R4.92 1989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 0.17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 R5.14 1990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 0.19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 R6.12 1991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 0.28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 R6.18 1992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 0.27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 R5.78 1993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 0.24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 R6.12 1994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 0.23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 R6.88 1995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 0.28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 R8.04 1996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 0.27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 R7.56 1997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 0.28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 R7.72 1998 6606.3 3.52 26.6 660.3 0.23 9.4 67.06 7.27 37.1 371.1 R7.95 1999 7628.9 73.65 729.3 766.5 70.25 79.9 77.24 77.44 738.4 414.5 R8.73 2000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 0.33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 R9.27 2001 681.8 3.95 32.2 82.0 0.31 12.0 7.00 R7.21 R35.7 422.9 R8.82 2002E R685.7 R3.98 R32.7 R117.5 R0.44 R17.1 R4.75 R4.89 R25.1 R496.0 R10.29 2003P 834.3 4.84 39.8 102.0 0.38 16.3 6.47 6.65 33.9 474.4 9.90 

1 Production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 for 1974 and earlier years is for fiscal years (July

through June). 2 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the naturalgas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas.

3 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and

fractionators. 4 Converted to British thermal units (Btu) using approximate heat contents for total U.S. production. SeeTables A2, A4, and A5.

5 Based on physical units. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval

Petroleum Reserve No. 1.

7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum

Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. 

Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes o

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public la

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.

Sources: • 1949-1980—U.S. Geological Survey, Oil an

Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and CoaMineral Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics (JuOffice of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (NPOSRSurvey, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished dInterior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), MiFederal and Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpNational Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. • 1Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual rep• 1999-2001—DOI, MMS. Mineral Revenues Report on ReLeases, annual reports. • 2002 and 2003—DOI, MMS unpublis
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total, 1980-2003 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2003 By Petroleum Product, 200332 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • See Note, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels,” at end o

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Percent

Total

Petroleum Products

Coal

5.2

0.8

(s)

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

1.5

1.4

1.2

0.3

0.2 

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- Petro- 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

and

Road Oil

cants leum

Coke

chemical 

Feedstocks
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2003

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 1981 125 229 3 ( ) 56 216 29 27 54 736 507 2.1 1982 125 256 3 ( ) 51 157 23 25 48 686 438 1.4 1983 136 264 3 ( ) 53 151 10 30 45 689 441 1.2 1984 150 247 10 57 145 16 40 41 705 495 1.5 1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1986 164 248 17 52 169 14 25 38 727 496 0.7 1987 170 303 12 59 170 24 28 36 802 578 0.8 1988 171 319 21 57 173 25 22 40 827 554 0.7 1989 165 332 17 58 172 23 20 39 827 563 0.6 1990 176 344 18 60 199 30 20 39 886 R562 0.6 1991 162 394 10 53 200 25 17 44 906 573 0.6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 38 20 35 938 594 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 21 20 33 969 R607 0.9 1994 176 437 56 58 222 23 15 35 1,022 673 0.9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 22 13 34 1,035 R668 0.9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 25 14 34 1,061 R680 0.9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 20 14 35 1,100 R705 0.9 1998 190 494 44 61 252 35 20 39 1,137 762 0.8 1999 200 520 57 62 238 47 28 37 1,188 R753 0.8 2000 192 R479 51 61 243 23 19 38 R1,106 R768 0.8 2001 R189 R445 44 56 214 34 15 39 R1,036 R736 0.7 2002 187 R465 37 55 R229 R39 R20 40 R1,072 R749 0.8 2003P 183 440 37 52 256 29 16 40 1,052 748 0.8 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 1981 0.83 0.77 3 ( ) 0.34 1.21 0.17 0.14 0.31 3.78 0.52 0.07 1982 0.83 0.87 3 ( ) 0.31 0.88 0.14 0.13 0.28 3.44 0.45 0.04 1983 0.90 0.89 3 ( ) 0.32 0.85 0.06 0.16 0.26 3.45 0.45 0.04 1984 0.99 0.84 0.05 0.35 0.82 0.09 0.21 0.24 3.58 0.51 0.05 1985 1.03 0.90 0.06 0.32 0.82 0.09 0.16 0.24 3.63 0.52 0.03 1986 1.09 0.85 0.08 0.31 0.95 0.08 0.13 0.22 3.72 0.51 0.02 1987 1.13 1.06 0.06 0.36 0.96 0.14 0.14 0.21 4.06 0.60 0.03 1988 1.14 1.11 0.10 0.34 0.97 0.15 0.11 0.23 4.16 0.57 0.02 1989 1.10 1.18 0.08 0.35 0.96 0.14 0.11 0.23 4.14 0.58 0.02 1990 1.17 1.20 0.08 0.36 1.12 0.18 0.11 0.23 4.45 R0.58 0.02 1991 1.08 1.38 0.04 0.32 1.15 0.15 0.09 0.26 4.47 0.59 0.02 1992 1.10 1.39 0.06 0.33 1.20 0.23 0.10 0.20 4.63 0.61 0.04 1993 1.15 1.35 0.28 0.34 1.22 0.12 0.10 0.20 4.76 R0.62 0.03 1994 1.17 1.55 0.26 0.35 1.26 0.14 0.08 0.20 5.01 0.69 0.03 1995 1.18 1.59 0.30 0.35 1.21 0.13 0.07 0.20 5.03 R0.69 0.03 1996 1.18 1.65 0.32 0.34 1.21 0.15 0.07 0.20 5.11 R0.70 0.03 1997 1.22 1.67 0.30 0.35 1.40 0.12 0.07 0.21 5.34 R0.72 0.03 1998 1.26 1.74 0.20 0.37 1.40 0.21 0.11 0.23 5.54 0.79 0.03 1999 1.32 1.82 0.26 0.37 1.33 0.28 0.15 0.22 5.76 R0.77 0.03 2000 1.28 R1.67 0.24 0.37 1.35 0.14 0.10 0.22 R5.35 R0.79 0.03 2001 1.26 R1.55 0.20 0.34 1.19 0.21 0.08 0.23 R5.06 R0.76 0.02 2002 1.24 R1.62 0.17 0.33 R1.27 0.23 0.10 0.23 R5.21 R0.77 0.02 2003P 1.22 1.54 0.17 0.31 1.43 0.17 0.09 0.23 5.16 0.77 0.02 

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons. 3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy

consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Because ofchanges in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this table areconsidered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are consideredtransportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/envSources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—Energy Information 

Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petr• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, an• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, HydConsumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. CoaTrade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, United States Pr1997). • 1996 forward—EIA estimates. Percent of Total Energy total by total consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the UnitedStates and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some areused directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofingand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products thatare used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used in

vehicles and various industrial processes; petroche

make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related producmake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the information, see Energy Information AdministratioGases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy at http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.

34 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Energy Consumption by S

2

Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inSource: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2003 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2003 Electric Power Sector, 1949-200336 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residental

22%

Transportation

27%

33%

Co

18%

Residential

Commercial

Natural Gas

Ren

E

21.2

17.5

32.5

26.9

38.2

7.2

4.2

21.7

26.8

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2003

Residential CommercialIndustrial Transportation

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not 

Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 19

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Electrical

Losses1

Electrical

Losses1

Wood

Wood

Coal Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Petroleum

Petro

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 19

07

14

21

28

Quadrillion Btu Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal
38 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary

1949 4,475 5,614 2,661 3,661 12,627 14,717 7,880 7,990 4,339 1950 4,848 6,007 2,824 3,883 13,881 16,233 8,384 8,493 4,679 1955 5,633 7,303 2,548 3,882 16,091 19,472 9,475 9,551 6,461 1960 6,689 9,078 2,702 4,589 16,977 20,823 10,560 10,597 8,158 1965 7,328 10,689 3,150 5,820 20,124 25,075 12,400 12,434 11,014 1970 8,353 13,798 4,196 8,307 22,975 29,641 16,061 16,098 16,259 1971 8,457 14,278 4,283 8,681 22,732 29,601 16,693 16,729 17,124 1972 8,655 14,891 4,369 9,145 23,532 30,953 17,681 17,716 18,466 1973 8,250 14,930 4,381 9,507 24,741 32,653 18,576 18,612 19,753 1974 7,928 14,683 4,221 9,363 23,816 31,819 18,086 18,119 19,933 1975 8,006 14,842 4,023 9,466 21,454 29,447 18,209 18,244 20,307 1976 8,408 15,441 4,333 10,035 22,685 31,430 19,065 19,099 21,513 1977 8,207 15,689 4,217 10,177 23,193 32,307 19,784 19,820 22,591 1978 8,272 16,156 4,269 10,481 23,276 32,733 20,580 20,615 23,587 1979 7,934 15,842 4,333 10,627 24,211 33,962 20,436 20,471 23,987 1980 7,504 15,848 4,097 10,594 22,673 32,152 19,658 19,696 24,359 1981 7,103 15,353 3,831 10,638 21,404 30,836 R19,476 R19,513 24,525 1982 7,163 15,577 3,859 10,880 19,113 27,704 R19,051 R19,088 24,063 1983 6,834 15,459 3,827 10,952 18,598 27,511 R19,133 R19,176 24,705 1984 7,123 15,908 4,043 11,517 20,219 29,654 R19,608 R19,655 25,741 1985 7,086 16,023 3,714 11,471 19,473 28,891 R20,042 R20,089 26,158 1986 6,912 16,026 3,674 11,628 19,092 28,334 R20,741 R20,790 26,359 1987 6,972 16,359 3,752 11,965 19,960 29,433 R21,421 R21,471 27,124 1988 7,377 17,197 3,974 12,597 20,868 30,728 R22,268 R22,320 28,354 1989 7,614 17,893 3,981 13,185 20,883 31,390 R22,426 R22,480 330,044 1990 6,604 17,043 3,850 13,321 21,209 31,891 R22,368 R22,421 30,647 1991 6,791 17,514 3,896 13,494 20,843 31,467 R22,067 R22,120 30,999 1992 6,999 17,456 3,941 13,438 21,770 32,637 R22,365 R22,418 30,873 1993 7,185 18,312 3,923 13,819 R21,758 R32,688 22,716 22,770 32,006 1994 7,036 18,223 3,970 14,099 22,384 33,565 23,312 23,367 32,551 1995 7,049 18,679 4,054 14,687 22,706 34,003 23,793 23,849 33,616 1996 7,555 19,642 4,226 15,170 23,428 34,969 24,384 24,439 34,626 1997 7,068 19,047 4,248 15,679 23,684 35,243 24,697 24,752 35,024 1998 6,454 19,044 3,963 15,972 23,166 34,876 25,203 25,258 36,363 1999 6,831 19,654 4,008 16,371 22,938 34,791 25,894 25,951 37,097 2000 7,204 20,511 R4,223 R17,160 22,805 34,681 26,492 26,552 R38,180 2001 R6,909 R20,247 R4,044 R17,323 R21,834 R32,527 R26,216 R26,276 R37,372 2002 R6,949 20,937 R4,116 R17,566 R22,126 R32,859 R26,596 R26,653 R38,228 2003P 7,242 21,229 4,178 17,548 21,690 32,524 26,800 26,857 38,248 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

4 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum

of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conve

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Primary consumption includes coal, natural ga

hydroelectric power, wood, waste, alcohol fuels, geothermal, selectricity net imports. • Total consumption includes primary celectrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System EnNote 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eSources: Tables 2.1b-2.1f.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electric

Retai

Sales 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 2 Petroleum Total Wood Geothermal 3 Solar 4 Total

1949 1,272 1,027 1,121 3,420 1,055 NA NA 1,055 4,475 228 1950 1,261 1,240 1,340 3,842 1,006 NA NA 1,006 4,848 246 1955 867 2,198 1,792 4,858 775 NA NA 775 5,633 438 1960 585 3,212 2,265 6,062 627 NA NA 627 6,689 687 1965 352 4,028 2,481 6,860 468 NA NA 468 7,328 993 1970 209 4,987 2,755 7,952 401 NA NA 401 8,353 1,591 1971 172 5,126 2,777 8,075 382 NA NA 382 8,457 1,704 1972 116 5,264 2,895 8,276 380 NA NA 380 8,655 1,838 1973 94 4,977 2,825 7,896 354 NA NA 354 8,250 1,976 1974 82 4,901 2,573 7,557 371 NA NA 371 7,928 1,973 1975 63 5,023 2,495 7,580 425 NA NA 425 8,006 2,007 1976 59 5,147 2,720 7,927 482 NA NA 482 8,408 2,069 1977 57 4,913 2,695 7,666 542 NA NA 542 8,207 2,202 1978 49 4,981 2,620 7,651 622 NA NA 622 8,272 2,301 1979 37 5,055 2,114 7,206 728 NA NA 728 7,934 2,330 1980 31 4,866 1,748 6,645 859 NA NA 859 7,504 2,448 1981 30 4,660 1,543 6,234 869 NA NA 869 7,103 2,464 1982 32 4,753 1,441 6,226 937 NA NA 937 7,163 2,489 1983 31 4,516 1,362 5,909 925 NA NA 925 6,834 2,562 1984 40 4,692 1,468 6,200 923 NA NA 923 7,123 2,662 1985 39 4,571 1,578 6,187 899 NA NA 899 7,086 2,709 1986 40 4,439 1,556 6,036 876 NA NA 876 6,912 2,795 1987 37 4,449 1,634 6,120 852 NA NA 852 6,972 2,902 1988 37 4,765 1,690 6,492 885 NA NA 885 7,377 3,046 1989 31 4,929 1,679 6,639 918 5 53 976 7,614 3,090 1990 31 4,523 1,407 5,961 581 6 56 642 6,604 3,153 1991 25 4,697 1,392 6,114 613 6 58 677 6,791 3,260 1992 26 4,835 1,427 6,288 645 6 60 711 6,999 3,193 1993 26 5,095 1,448 6,569 548 7 62 616 7,185 3,394 1994 21 4,988 1,420 6,429 537 6 64 607 7,036 3,441 1995 17 4,981 1,383 6,382 596 7 65 667 7,049 3,557 1996 17 5,383 1,488 6,888 595 7 65 667 7,555 3,694 1997 16 5,118 1,428 6,562 433 8 65 506 7,068 3,671 1998 12 4,669 1,314 5,995 387 8 65 459 6,454 3,856 1999 14 4,858 1,473 6,345 414 9 64 486 6,831 3,906 2000 11 5,126 1,563 6,701 433 9 61 503 7,204 4,069 2001 12 R4,919 1,539 R6,470 R370 9 60 R439 R6,909 4,103 2002 R11 R5,036 1,519 R6,567 R313 10 R59 R382 R6,949 R4,323 2003P 12 5,249 1,546 6,807 359 18 58 435 7,242 4,367 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes a small amount of

commercial sector use. 

5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
40 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Elect

Re

Sal

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 2 Petroleum Total Hydropower 3 Wood Waste Geothermal 4 Total

1949 1,554 360 727 2,641 NA 20 NA NA 20 2,661 21950 1,542 401 862 2,805 NA 19 NA NA 19 2,824 21955 801 651 1,081 2,533 NA 15 NA NA 15 2,548 31960 407 1,056 1,228 2,690 NA 12 NA NA 12 2,702 51965 265 1,490 1,386 3,142 NA 9 NA NA 9 3,150 71970 165 2,473 1,551 4,189 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,196 1,21971 179 2,587 1,510 4,276 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,283 1,21972 153 2,678 1,530 4,362 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,369 1,41973 160 2,649 1,565 4,374 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,381 1,51974 175 2,617 1,423 4,214 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,221 1,51975 147 2,558 1,310 4,015 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,023 1,51976 144 2,718 1,461 4,323 NA 9 NA NA 9 4,333 1,61977 148 2,548 1,511 4,207 NA 10 NA NA 10 4,217 1,71978 165 2,643 1,450 4,257 NA 12 NA NA 12 4,269 1,81979 149 2,836 1,334 4,319 NA 14 NA NA 14 4,333 1,81980 115 2,674 1,287 4,076 NA 21 NA NA 21 4,097 1,91981 137 2,583 1,090 3,810 NA 21 NA NA 21 3,831 2,01982 155 2,673 1,008 3,837 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,859 2,01983 162 2,508 1,136 3,805 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,827 2,11984 169 2,600 1,252 4,021 NA 22 NA NA 22 4,043 2,21985 137 2,508 1,045 3,690 NA 24 NA NA 24 3,714 2,31986 135 2,386 1,126 3,647 NA 27 NA NA 27 3,674 2,41987 125 2,505 1,093 3,723 NA 29 NA NA 29 3,752 2,51988 131 2,748 1,063 3,942 NA 32 NA NA 32 3,974 2,61989 115 2,802 1,002 3,919 1 36 22 3 61 3,981 2,71990 124 2,701 953 3,779 1 39 28 3 71 3,850 2,81991 116 2,813 895 3,824 1 41 26 3 72 3,896 2,91992 117 2,890 854 3,860 1 44 32 3 81 3,941 2,91993 117 2,942 780 3,839 1 46 33 3 84 3,923 3,01994 118 2,979 787 3,885 1 46 35 4 86 3,970 3,11995 117 3,113 732 3,962 1 46 40 5 92 4,054 3,21996 122 3,244 751 4,116 1 50 53 5 110 4,226 3,31997 129 3,302 704 4,135 1 49 58 6 113 4,248 3,51998 93 3,098 661 3,853 1 48 54 7 111 3,963 3,61999 103 3,130 661 3,894 1 52 54 7 114 4,008 3,72000 92 R3,265 756 R4,113 1 53 47 8 109 R4,223 3,92001 97 R3,116 742 R3,955 1 R40 39 8 89 R4,044 R4,02002 R91 R3,196 R736 R4,023 RP (s) R42 R42 9 RP93 R4,116 R4,12003 P99 P3,220 P753 P4,072 P1 P42 P48 P15 P106 P4,178 P4,1

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Conventional hydroelectric power. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Ele

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combined

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PlaSecion 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indep

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum Total Hydropower 3 Wood Waste Geothermal 4 Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 3,468 12,083 76 468 NA NA 544 12,627 1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,951 13,279 69 532 NA NA 602 13,881 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 5,111 15,421 38 631 NA NA 669 16,091 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 5,747 16,258 39 680 NA NA 719 16,977 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,789 19,236 33 855 NA NA 888 20,124 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 7,787 21,922 34 1,019 NA NA 1,053 22,975 1971 3,944 -33 9,892 7,856 21,659 34 1,040 NA NA 1,074 22,732 1972 3,993 -26 9,884 8,534 22,385 34 1,113 NA NA 1,147 23,532 1973 4,057 -7 10,388 9,104 23,541 35 1,165 NA NA 1,200 24,741 1974 3,870 56 10,004 8,694 22,624 33 1,159 NA NA 1,192 23,816 1975 3,667 14 8,532 8,146 20,359 32 1,063 NA NA 1,096 21,454 1976 3,661 (s) 8,762 9,010 21,432 33 1,220 NA NA 1,253 22,685 1977 3,454 15 8,635 9,774 21,879 33 1,281 NA NA 1,314 23,193 1978 3,314 125 8,539 9,867 21,845 32 1,400 NA NA 1,432 23,276 1979 3,593 63 8,549 10,568 22,773 34 1,405 NA NA 1,439 24,211 1980 3,155 -35 8,395 9,525 21,040 33 1,600 NA NA 1,633 22,673 1981 3,157 -16 8,257 8,285 19,682 33 1,602 87 NA 1,722 21,404 1982 2,552 -22 7,121 7,795 17,446 33 1,516 118 NA 1,667 19,113 1983 2,490 -16 6,826 7,420 16,720 33 1,690 155 NA 1,879 18,598 1984 2,842 -11 7,448 8,025 18,303 33 1,679 204 NA 1,916 20,219 1985 2,760 -13 7,080 7,738 17,565 33 1,645 230 NA 1,908 19,473 1986 2,641 -17 6,690 7,880 17,194 33 1,610 256 NA 1,899 19,092 1987 2,673 9 7,323 8,065 18,069 33 1,576 282 NA 1,891 19,960 1988 2,828 40 7,696 8,339 18,902 33 1,625 308 NA 1,965 20,868 1989 2,787 30 8,131 8,120 19,068 28 1,584 200 2 1,814 20,883 1990 2,756 5 8,502 8,278 19,542 31 1,442 192 2 1,667 21,209 1991 2,601 10 8,619 7,987 19,216 30 1,410 185 2 1,626 20,843 1992 2,515 35 8,967 8,581 20,098 31 1,461 179 2 1,672 21,770 1993 2,496 27 9,120 8,418 20,062 30 R1,483 181 2 R1,696 R21,758 1994 2,510 58 9,172 8,801 20,540 62 1,580 199 3 1,844 22,384 1995 2,488 61 9,637 8,614 20,801 55 1,652 195 3 1,905 22,706 1996 2,434 23 9,947 9,053 21,457 61 1,683 224 3 1,971 23,428 1997 2,395 46 9,976 9,290 21,708 58 1,731 184 3 1,976 23,684 1998 2,335 67 9,806 9,116 21,324 55 1,603 180 3 1,841 23,166 1999 2,227 58 9,415 9,396 21,095 49 1,620 171 4 1,843 22,938 2000 2,256 65 9,535 9,120 20,977 42 1,636 145 4 1,828 22,805 2001 2,230 R29 R8,725 9,220 R20,204 32 1,443 150 5 1,630 R21,834 2002 R2,094 R61 R8,931 R9,291 R20,377 RP39 R1,531 R174 5 RP1,748 R22,126 2003 P2,129 P51 P8,324 P9,436 P19,940 P57 P1,524 P164 P5 P1,750 P21,690 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Conventional hydroelectric power. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion toeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less t

trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combi

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSecion 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
42 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electricity

Retail

Sales 6

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Primary Coal Natural Gas 2 Petroleum 3,4 Total Alcohol Fuels 4,5 4

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,384 NA 8,384 23 1955 421 254 8,800 9,475 NA 9,475 20 1960 75 359 10,126 10,560 NA 10,560 10 1965 16 517 11,868 12,400 NA 12,400 10 1970 7 745 15,310 16,061 NA 16,061 11 1971 5 766 15,923 16,693 NA 16,693 10 1972 4 787 16,891 17,681 NA 17,681 10 1973 3 743 17,831 18,576 NA 18,576 11 1974 2 685 17,399 18,086 NA 18,086 10 1975 1 595 17,614 18,209 NA 18,209 10 1976 (s) 559 18,506 19,065 NA 19,065 10 1977 (s) 543 19,241 19,784 NA 19,784 10 1978 8 ( ) 539 20,041 20,580 NA 20,580 10 1979 8 ( ) 612 19,825 20,436 NA 20,436 10 1980 8 ( ) 650 19,008 19,658 NA 19,658 11 1981 8 ( ) 658 18,811 19,469 7 R19,476 11 1982 8 ( ) 612 18,420 19,032 19 R19,051 11 1983 8 ( ) 505 18,593 19,098 35 R19,133 13 1984 8 ( ) 545 19,020 19,565 43 R19,608 14 1985 8 ( ) 519 19,471 19,990 52 R20,042 14 1986 8 ( ) 499 20,182 20,681 60 R20,741 15 1987 8 ( ) 535 20,816 21,352 69 R21,421 16 1988 8 ( ) 632 21,567 22,198 70 R22,268 16 1989 8 ( ) 649 21,706 22,355 71 R22,426 16 1990 8 ( ) 680 21,625 22,305 63 R22,368 16 1991 8 ( ) 620 21,373 21,994 73 R22,067 16 1992 8 ( ) 608 21,674 22,282 83 R22,365 16 1993 8 ( ) 645 422,072 22,716 497 422,716 16 1994 8 ( ) 709 22,603 23,312 109 23,312 17 1995 8 ( ) 724 23,069 23,793 117 23,793 17 1996 8 ( ) 737 23,647 24,384 84 24,384 17 1997 8 ( ) 780 23,917 24,697 106 24,697 17 1998 8 ( ) 666 24,537 25,203 117 25,203 17 1999 8 ( ) 675 25,218 25,894 122 25,894 17 2000 8 ( ) 672 25,820 26,492 139 26,492 18 2001 8 ( ) R659 25,556 R26,216 147 R26,216 19 2002 8 ( ) R702 R25,894 R26,596 174 R26,596 18 2003P 8 ( ) 669 26,131 26,800 239 26,800 18 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small amounts

consumed as vehicle fuel. See Table 6.5.

3 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline is included in both "Petroleum" and "Alcohol

Fuels," but is counted only once in both total primary consumption and total consumption.

5 "Alcohol Fuels" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocate

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Elesection. 8 Since 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transpconsumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 2

Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas 1 Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood Waste Geothermal Solar Wind 

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 3 ( ) 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 3 ( ) 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 3 ( ) 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 3 ( ) 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 3 ( ) 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 1970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 3 ( ) 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 1971 7,299 4,099 2,495 13,893 413 3 ( ) 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 1972 7,811 4,084 3,097 14,992 584 3 ( ) 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 1973 8,658 3,748 3,515 15,921 910 3 ( ) 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 1974 8,534 3,519 3,365 15,418 1,272 3 ( ) 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3 ( ) 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 3 ( ) 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 3 ( ) 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 1978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 3 ( ) 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 1979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 3 ( ) 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 1980 12,123 3,810 2,634 18,567 2,739 3 ( ) 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 1981 12,583 3,768 2,202 18,553 3,008 3 ( ) 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 1982 12,582 3,342 1,568 17,491 3,131 3 ( ) 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 1983 13,213 2,998 1,544 17,754 3,203 3 ( ) 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 1984 14,019 3,220 1,286 18,526 3,553 3 ( ) 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 1985 14,542 3,160 1,090 18,792 4,076 3 ( ) 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 1986 14,444 2,691 1,452 18,586 4,380 3 ( ) 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 1987 15,173 2,935 1,257 19,365 4,754 3 ( ) 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 1988 15,850 2,709 1,563 20,123 5,587 3 ( ) 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 19894 16,137 3,192 1,703 21,032 5,602 3 ( ) 2,808 100 132 308 3 22 1990 16,261 3,332 1,289 20,883 6,104 -36 3,014 129 188 326 4 29 1991 16,250 3,399 1,198 20,847 6,422 -47 2,985 126 229 335 5 31 1992 16,466 3,534 991 20,990 6,479 -43 2,586 140 262 338 4 30 1993 17,196 3,560 1,124 21,880 6,410 -42 2,861 150 265 351 5 31 1994 17,261 4,000 1,059 22,320 6,694 -35 2,620 152 282 325 5 36 1995 17,466 4,325 755 22,546 7,075 -28 3,149 125 296 280 5 33 1996 18,429 3,883 817 23,129 7,087 -32 3,528 138 300 300 5 33 1997 18,905 4,146 927 23,977 6,597 -41 3,581 137 309 309 5 34 1998 19,216 4,698 1,306 25,220 7,068 -46 3,241 137 308 311 5 31 1999 19,279 4,926 1,211 25,416 7,610 -62 3,218 138 315 312 5 46 2000 20,220 5,316 1,144 26,680 7,862 -57 2,768 134 318 296 5 57 2001 R19,614 R5,481 1,277 R26,371 R8,033 -90 2,169 126 324 289 6 68 2002 R19,783 R5,785 R961 R26,529 R8,143 RP-88 RP2,636 R150 R365 R305 P6 RP105 2003 P20,468 P5,047 P1,207 P26,723 P7,973 P-88 P2,722 P161 P346 P276 P5 P108 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 2 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 3 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-an

(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whelectricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 3, "Electricity • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 1998

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)444 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids.2 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.3 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

4 See Table 2.2 for Major Group titles of industries that corr

codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

7.4

3.0

1.9 1.8

0.5 0.4 0.1

Natural Gas Net LPG and NGL1 Coal Coke and Breeze Residual Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

1.0

0.1 0.3 0.1 (s) (s) 0.5

2.7

0.1

7.3

6.1

0.3

1.0

2.6

0.4 0.2 0.2 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 1998

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Major Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 2

 and

NGL 3

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 4 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 129 2 568 16 5 14 213  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 29 0 45 2 1 2 24  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 20 0 103 4 2 12 102  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 25 Q (s) 3 18  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 1 0 23 1 1 2 18  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 4 (s) (s) (s) 3  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 2 0 73 13 4 1 72  322 Paper ................................................................................ 277 0 586 9 5 151 240  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... (s) 0 44 (s) 1 (s) 51  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 12 0 1,007 28 39 72 126  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 300 7 2,709 10 1,796 98 577  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 3 0 126 1 5 5 183  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 284 11 444 17 3 4 134  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 715 437 933 9 3 30 545  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 3 3 241 6 5 2 176  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 6 0 99 3 3 1 96  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... (s) 0 64 1 (s) 1 137  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 1 (s) 53 1 2 1 55  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 29 1 212 15 4 5 195  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 2 0 27 1 1 (s) 30  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... (s) 0 40 2 1 1 40  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,814 461 7,426 142 1,882 406 3,035 

1 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system has been replaced by the North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS).

2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

5 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

6 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity.

7 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, di

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, min

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the 

percent.

Notes: • "Consumption of Energy" was "First Use of Ener

estimates are for the first use of energy for heat and power and use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced materials not classified as energy. • Totals may not equal rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 1998

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source46 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,248 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.3 Excluding coal coke and breeze.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids.

Source: Table 2.3.

1.7

0.7

0.3

0.20.20.2

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Electrochemical Processes

Conventional Electricity Generation

Facility Lighting

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3

Quadrillion Btu

6.6

3.0

1.1

0.4

0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal 3 Residual LPG and 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil NGL4 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 1998

End-Use Category

Net

Electricity 1

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil 

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases

and Natural

Gas Liquids Natural Gas 

Million

Kilowatthours Million Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 5,568 39 6 7 2,471 Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ................................................................. 705,697 16 6 22 3,272  Process Heating ................................................................ 103,299 15 3 19 3,104  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 54,473 (s) (s) 1 21  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 457,344 1 2 2 96  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 87,200 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 3,380 (s) 1 (s) 51  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... 157,736 1 9 8 656  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 3 ........... 79,355 1 1 1 393  Facility Lighting ................................................................... 61,966 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... 14,338 (s) 1 (s) 39  Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 1,380 — 6 7 5  Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — (s) 1 (s) 204  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 696 (s) (s) (s) Q 

End Use Not Reported ........................................................... 20,473 (s) 1 1 70 Total ......................................................................................... 889,474 57 23 38 6,469 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 19 246 38 24 2,538 Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ................................................................. 2,408 103 37 78 3,361  Process Heating ................................................................ 352 97 20 68 3,187  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 186 (s) (s) 2 22  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 1,560 5 13 7 99  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 298 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 12 1 3 1 52  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... 538 8 52 29 673  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 3 ........... 271 4 6 4 403  Facility Lighting ................................................................... 211 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... 49 1 6 (s) 40  Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 5 — 35 24 5  Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — 3 3 (s) 210  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 2 (s) 1 (s) Q 

End Use Not Reported ........................................................... 70 1 7 4 72 Total ......................................................................................... 3,035 357 133 135 6,644 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels. 2 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,248 trillion Btu). 3 Excludes steam and hot water.

— = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The estimates

presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produ

quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite aestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. basis of reasonable approximations by respondents.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-2001 Consumption by All Households, by Census RConsumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2001 Consumption per Household, by Census Regio48 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. Data for 1978 through 1984 are

for April of the year shown through March of the following year; data for 1987, 1990, 1993,1997, and 2001 are for the calendar year. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not becompared. • See Appendix C for Census regions.

Source: Table 2.4.

10.6

9.7

9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3 9.9

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu 2.16

2.86

Northeast Midwest S

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001

0

50

100150

Million Btu

107

117

Northeast Midwest S

0

20406080

100120140

Million Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2001

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 

Northeast ......................................................................... 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 1.14 1.05 0.94 1.01 0.96 0.93 1.03 1.03  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.47  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 0.93 0.83 0.93 0.87 0.78  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02  Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 

Midwest ........................................................................... 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.61 0.66  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.46 0.31 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13  Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 

South ............................................................................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.96 0.91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 1.00 0.97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.11  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10  Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 

West ................................................................................. 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.95 0.88 0.86 0.90 0.85 0.91 0.88 0.92  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.48 0.47 0.41 0.46 0.41 0.47 0.48 0.54  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03  Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 

United States ................................................................... 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.28  Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 

1 See Appendix C for Census regions. 2 One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Notes: • This table shows major energy items only. • For years not shown, there are no data available.

• Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data for 1987 forward 

are for the calendar year. • Totals may not equal sum of compo

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Consumption by Energy Source, 2001 Expenditures, Selected Years, 1978-2001Consumption by End Use, 2001 Consumption for Space Heating, 200150 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available

graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.5.

55

76

83 87

97 98

110

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars3

4.8

3.9

0.8

0.4

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil1 LPG2

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

2.9

1.7

0.6

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air Conditioning

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

3.3

0.6

Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 Ele

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,

 Selected Years, 1978-2001

Year

Space Heating

Air

Conditioning 1 Water Heating Appliances 2,3 

Natural

Gas Electricity 4

Fuel

Oil 5 LPG 6 Electricity 4

Natural

Gas Electricity 4

Fuel

Oil 5 LPG 6

Natural

Gas Electricity 4 LPG 6

Natura

Gas 1 

Consumption

(quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.32 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.45 0.03 5.58 1980 3.41 0.27 1.30 0.23 0.36 1.15 0.30 0.22 0.07 0.36 1.54 0.05 4.97 1981 3.69 0.26 1.06 0.21 0.34 1.13 0.30 0.22 0.06 0.43 1.52 0.05 5.27 1982 3.14 0.25 1.04 0.19 0.31 1.15 0.28 0.15 0.06 0.43 1.50 0.05 4.74 1984 3.51 0.25 1.11 0.21 0.32 1.10 0.32 0.15 0.06 0.35 1.59 0.04 4.98 1987 3.38 0.28 1.05 0.22 0.44 1.10 0.31 0.17 0.06 0.34 1.72 0.04 4.83 1990 3.37 0.30 0.93 0.19 0.48 1.16 0.34 0.11 0.06 0.33 1.91 0.03 4.86 1993 3.67 0.41 0.95 0.30 0.46 1.31 0.34 0.12 0.05 0.29 2.08 0.03 5.27 1997 3.61 0.40 0.91 0.26 0.42 1.29 0.39 0.16 0.08 0.37 2.33 0.02 5.28 2001 3.32 0.39 0.62 0.28 0.62 1.15 0.36 0.13 0.05 0.37 2.52 0.05 4.84 

Expenditures

(billion dollars 7)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 4.12 2.88 3.14 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.10 0.25 15.30 1980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 0.57 1.91 26.74 0.44 19.77 1981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 0.51 2.17 29.70 0.52 24.03 1982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 0.54 2.58 31.29 0.52 26.96 1984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 0.58 2.31 36.36 0.54 29.78 1987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 0.94 0.50 2.02 39.83 0.46 26.15 1990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 0.83 0.65 2.03 46.95 0.48 27.26 1993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 0.74 0.58 1.98 53.52 0.42 32.04 1997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 0.89 2.86 60.57 0.36 35.81 2001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 0.69 3.83 66.94 0.86 46.98 

1 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Natural Gas" under "Total." 2 Includes refrigerators. 3 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under

"Total." 4 One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 5 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 6 Liquefied petroleum gases.

7 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available

1979 are available on Table 2.4. • Totals may not equal sum of 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978—Energy Information Administration (

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel

Households With Selected Electric Appliances, 1980 and 2001Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2001 Type of Main Heating F52 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Not collected in 1980.2 Or burners.3 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.

5 Households with both central and individual room units ar6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas.7 No heat, kerosene, district steam, coal, and solar.

Source: Table 2.6.

99

79

57 60

86

32

53

82

74

47

54

14

38 37

Color Clothes Clothes Range Top 2 Microwave Separate Dishwasher C

0

20406080

100

Percent

Television Dryer

Washer Oven Freezer 

39

17

83

17

55

23 23

46

14

86

14

27 30

43

Range Clothes One Two or Central Individual None

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2001

Air Conditioning5

Dryer

Natural Gas 55%

Refrigerators4

Top2 More Room Units

Gas Appliances3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1

Total Households (millions) .............. 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 

Percent of Households

Type of Main Heating Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53  Electricity ............................................ 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11  Wood .................................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 

Type of Appliances

 Electric Appliances Television Set (Color) ....................... NA NA 82 83 85 88 93 96 98  Television Set (B/W) ......................... NA NA 51 48 46 43 36 31 20  Television Set (Any) ......................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99  Clothes Washer ................................ 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77  Range Top or Burners ...................... 53 NA 54 54 53 54 57 58 61  Oven, Microwave .............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84  Clothes Dryer .................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57  Separate Freezer .............................. 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35  Dishwasher ....................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45  Dehumidifier ..................................... NA NA 9 9 9 9 10 12 9  Waterbed Heaters ............................ NA NA NA NA NA 10 14 15 12  Window or Ceiling Fan ..................... NA NA NA NA 28 35 46 51 60  Ceiling Fan ....................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54  Whole House Fan ............................. NA NA NA NA 8 8 9 10 4  Evaporative Cooler ........................... NA NA 4 4 4 4 3 4 3  Personal Computer ........................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 23  Pump for Well Water ........................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 15 13  Swimming-Pool Pump 1 .................... NA NA 3 4 3 NA NA 5 5  Gas 2 Appliances Range Top or Burners ...................... 48 NA 46 46 47 45 43 42 38  Clothes Dryer .................................... 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 15  Outdoor Gas Grill .............................. 6 NA 9 9 11 13 20 26 29  Outdoor Gas Light ............................ 2 NA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1  Swimming Pool Heater 3 .................. NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1 1 1 1 

Refrigerators 4

 One ................................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85  Two or More ..................................... 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 

Air Conditioning (A/C)

 Central 5 ........................................... 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44  Individual Room Units 5 .................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25  None ................................................. 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 

Portable Kerosene Heaters ................ (s) NA (s) 1 3 6 6 5 3 

1 Through 1990, data are for all reported swimming pools, which were assumed to have an electric

pump for filtering and circulating the water. Beginning in 1993, data are explicitly for pools with filters.

2 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases. 3 In 1984 and 1987, also includes heaters for jacuzzis and hot tubs. 4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator. 5 Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under "Central."

R=Revised data. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 percenNote: For years not shown, there are no data available.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2003

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total54 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

55

32

10

6

2 (

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal 

0

204060

Million Housing Units1

1950 2003

52

31

9

6

1 (

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2003
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2003

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Millions

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 0.93 2.24 NA 0.22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 0.79 NA 0.27 1973 0.80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 0.60 NA 0.15 1974 0.74 16.84 4 ( ) 4.14 39.47 8.41 0.66 NA 0.09 1975 0.57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 0.85 NA 0.08 1976 0.48 16.45 4 ( ) 4.24 41.22 10.15 0.91 NA 0.09 1977 0.45 15.62 0.44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA 0.15 1978 0.40 15.65 0.42 4.13 42.52 12.26 1.07 NA 0.12 1979 0.36 15.30 0.41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA 0.10 1980 0.33 14.50 0.37 4.17 44.40 14.21 1.38 NA 0.11 1981 0.36 14.13 0.37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA 0.10 1983 5 0.43 12.59 0.45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA 0.16 1985 0.45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 0.05 0.37 1987 0.41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 0.05 0.28 1989 0.34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 0.04 0.40 1991 0.32 11.47 0.99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 0.03 0.41 1993 0.30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 0.03 0.50 1995 0.21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 0.02 0.64 1997 0.18 10.10 0.75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 0.03 0.36 1999 0.17 10.03 0.72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 0.02 0.21 2001 6 0.13 R9.81 0.65 R6.04 R54.13 R32.41 R1.67 0.02 0.19 2003 0.13 9.50 0.64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 0.02 0.16 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA 0.4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA 0.4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 0.9 NA 0.2 1974 1.0 23.8 4 ( ) 5.8 55.7 11.9 0.9 NA 0.1 1975 0.8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA 0.1 1976 0.7 22.2 4 ( ) 5.7 55.7 13.7 1.2 NA 0.1 1977 0.6 20.7 0.6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA 0.2 1978 0.5 20.3 0.5 5.4 55.1 15.9 1.4 NA 0.2 1979 0.5 19.5 0.5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA 0.1 1980 0.4 18.1 0.5 5.2 55.4 17.7 1.7 NA 0.1 1981 0.4 17.0 0.4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA 0.1 1983 5 0.5 14.9 0.5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA 0.2 1985 0.5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 0.1 0.4 1987 0.4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 0.1 0.3 1989 0.4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) 0.4 1991 0.3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) 0.4 1993 0.3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) 0.5 1995 0.2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) 0.7 1997 0.2 10.2 0.8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) 0.4 1999 0.2 9.8 0.7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) 0.2 2001 6 0.1 R9.3 0.6 5.7 R51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) 0.2 2003 0.1 9.0 0.6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) 0.1 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Since 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

R=Revised data. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 perceNotes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units 

more than one type of heating system are classified according • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent ro

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.govSources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, Ce

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for 2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2002Mileage, 1966-2002 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2002 Fuel Rates, 1966-200256 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.4 Gallons per vehicle.

5 Sport utility vehicle.6 Motorcycles are included with passenger cars through 19

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100 Fu

Passenger Cars6

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5

Trucks

Trucks

Passenger Cars6

Passen

1970 1980 1990 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 19

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2002

Year

Passenger Cars 1

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and Sport Utility Vehicles 2 Trucks 3 

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Milea

(miles 

vehi

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,41950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,31955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,61960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,71965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,81970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,91971 10,097 743 13.6 9,082 888 10.2 14,117 2,519 5.6 10,11972 10,171 754 13.5 9,534 922 10.3 14,780 2,657 5.6 10,21973 9,884 737 13.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,01974 9,221 677 13.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,41975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,61976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,71977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,91978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,01979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,71980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,41981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,41982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,61983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,71984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,01985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,01986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,11987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,41988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,71989 110,157 1533 119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,91990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,11991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,21992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,51993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,51994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,61995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,71996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,81997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,11998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,21999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,22000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,12001 R11,831 R534 22.1 R11,204 R636 17.6 R26,602 R4,477 5.9 R11,82002P 12,203 551 22.1 11,365 645 17.6 27,062 4,637 5.8 12,1

1 Through 1989, includes motorcycles. 2 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 3 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed. 5 Included in "Trucks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/oh

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department o

Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summaforward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey YearBy Census Region, 199958 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Note: See Appendix C for Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

3.1

2.0

0.2

2.6

1.9

0.2

2.6

2.2

0.3 

2.8

2.1

0.4

2.4

1.7

0.4 

2.1 2.1

0.3 0

1.9

2.2

0.7

0.2

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5

Quadrillion Btu

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 

0.3

0.7 0.6

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.2

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 District Heat

(s) (s) (s)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1999

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Cen

1,001

to

10,000

10,001

to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and

Service Office

All

Other Northeast Midw

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,8

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,8

1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,51989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,61992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,51995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,41999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,5

Electricity

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 5

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 6

1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 51989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 61992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 61995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 51999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 6

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,0

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 9

1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 71989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 81992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 71995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 71999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 7

Fuel Oil 5

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 1

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 

1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 

District Heat 6

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 1

1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 11989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 11992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 11995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 11999 ................ Q 158 213 117 2 Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 1

Propane 

1979 ................ 23 15 5 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 10 Q 18 Q 

1983 ................ 20 12 2 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 6 Q 14 Q 

1986 ................ 44 18 1 3 Q 12 Q 12 17 Q 13 9 

1 See Appendix C for Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, kerosene, and district heat; excludes

propane, for which consumption statistics were collected through 1986.

3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

5 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 6 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

nonpurchased steam, and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using e

for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "Distrthose fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1999—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey."
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used60 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.2 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available

graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 19

0

255075

100

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil1

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu 

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity

Fuel Oil1

Fuel Oil1

Electricity

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet

1979 1983 198

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Dollars2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

255075

Billion Dollars2

Natural Gas Fuel Oil1

Electricity

Electricity

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Yea

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption En

Number of

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Square

Feet

(million)

Square

Feet

per

Building

(thousand)

Total

(trillion

Btu)

Per

Building

(million

Btu)

Per

Square

Foot

(thousand

Btu)

Per

Employee

(million

Btu)

Total

(million

dollars1)

Pe

Build

(thous

dolla

Major Sources 2

1979 .............................. 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 111983 .............................. 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 171986 .............................. 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 141989 .............................. 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 151992 .............................. 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 141995 3 ........................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 151999 .............................. 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17

Electricity 

1979 .............................. 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 71983 .............................. 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12

1986 .............................. 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 111989 .............................. 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 131992 .............................. 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 121995 3 ........................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 131999 .............................. 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15

Natural Gas

1979 .............................. 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 31983 .............................. 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6

1986 .............................. 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 31989 .............................. 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 31992 .............................. 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 31995 3 ........................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 31999 .............................. 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.

Fuel Oil 4

1979 .............................. 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 41983 .............................. 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 41986 .............................. 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 31989 .............................. 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 31992 .............................. 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 21995 3 ........................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 11999 .............................. 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2

District Heat 5

1979 .............................. 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 261983 .............................. 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 411986 .............................. 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 331989 .............................. 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 391992 .............................. 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 301995 3 ........................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 281999 .............................. 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30

Propane

1979 .............................. 214 2,797 13.1 43 202 15.5 12.9 225 11983 .............................. 191 2,562 13.4 34 176 13.1 8.5 313 1

1986 .............................. 344 3,213 9.3 63 184 19.7 17.6 543 11989 .............................. 348 4,695 13.5 NA NA NA NA NA N1992 .............................. 337 3,393 10.1 NA NA NA NA NA N1995 .............................. 589 5,344 9.1 NA NA NA NA NA N1999 .............................. 451 6,290 14.0 NA NA NA NA NA N

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. Propane consumption statistics were

collected in 1979, 1983, and 1986, but are not included in the Major Sources. 3 Beginning with the 1995 survey, commercial buildings on multibuilding manufacturing facilities andparking garages were excluded. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 5 For 1979 and 1983, includes only purchased steam. Beginning with the 1986 survey, includespurchased and nonpurchased steam and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

NA=Not available. 

Note: Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using 

for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey."• 1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "NoSurvey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Building1992, 1995, and 1999—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Bu
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999

Electricity Consumption by End UseElectricity Consumption by Principal Building Activity62 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors,

wrappers, hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testingequipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler

controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and ot

fit into any of the other named categories.

Source: Table 2.11.

793

716

555

266

226

155

65 

Cooling Lighting Office Refrigeration Ventilation Space Cooking 

0

300600900

Trillion Btu

Equipment Heating 

767

521

257 232 220 216 196 191 165 

Office Mercantile Education Health Care Warehouse Food Service Lodging Public Food Sales 

0

300600900

Trillion Btu

All Other Building ActivitiesLightingCooling

and Storage Assembly
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999

 (Trillion Btu)

Building Characteristic

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Offi

Equip

All Buildings ................................................ 155 793 226 37 716 65 266 5Principal Building Activity

 Education .................................................. 12 66 19 2 67 3 11 5 Food Sales ............................................... 4 23 6 1 21 4 72 2 Food Service ............................................ 5 26 7 1 19 38 82 3 Health Care .............................................. 6 82 19 1 52 3 8 4 Lodging ..................................................... 21 54 14 10 45 2 12 1 Mercantile ................................................. 35 128 35 6 116 6 52 10 Office ........................................................ 45 225 53 8 168 5 6 20 Public Assembly ....................................... 8 62 15 2 50 3 9 2 Public Order and Safety ........................... 1 12 3 Q 11 Q Q  Religious Worship ..................................... 2 16 4 (s) 11 (s) 1  Service ...................................................... 6 31 12 2 44 Q Q 2 Warehouse and Storage ........................... 6 33 29 2 83 Q 9 1 Other 2 ...................................................... Q 31 9 1 27 Q Q 1 Vacant ...................................................... (s) 3 1 Q 1 Q Q 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • Data are preliminary estimates. • Data in t

consumption for electricity. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA

Consumption Survey.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric powersector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retail sales—seeTables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric power plants(conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energyto turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically necessary feature of thesteam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is a result of imputingfossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy sources,

since there is no generally accepted practice for measrates. In addition to conversion losses, other losses intricity, transmission and distribution of electricity fconsumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccountare allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to etricity sales. Overall, approximately 67 percent of conversion; of electricity generated, approximately 5 9 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.

64 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Financial Indicators

3

Gas Station, North Carolina, April 1999.
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2003Fossil Fuel Composite Price, Change From Previous Year, 1950-200366 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Fossil Fuel Composite

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Note: Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product

implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

Chained (2000) Dollars per Million Btu

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-60-40-20

0

20406080

-60

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Foss

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal 

1949 0.21 R1.28 0.05 R0.33 0.44 R2.68 0.26 1950 0.21 R1.25 0.06 R0.38 0.43 R2.62 0.26 1955 0.19 R0.99 0.09 R0.48 0.48 R2.55 0.27 1960 0.19 R0.92 0.13 R0.60 0.50 R2.36 0.28 1965 0.18 R0.82 0.15 R0.64 0.49 R2.19 0.28 1970 0.27 R0.97 0.15 R0.56 0.55 R1.99 0.32 1971 0.30 R1.05 0.16 R0.56 0.58 R2.02 0.34 1972 0.33 R1.09 0.17 R0.57 0.58 R1.94 0.35 1973 0.37 R1.15 0.20 R0.63 0.67 R2.11 0.40 1974 0.69 R1.98 0.27 R0.79 1.18 R3.41 0.68 1975 0.85 R2.22 0.40 R1.06 1.32 R3.48 0.82 1976 0.86 R2.13 0.53 R1.32 1.41 R3.51 0.90 1977 0.88 R2.07 0.72 R1.69 1.48 R3.46 1.01 1978 0.98 R2.15 0.84 R1.83 1.55 R3.39 1.12 1979 1.06 R2.14 1.08 R2.18 2.18 R4.40 1.42 1980 1.10 R2.04 1.45 R2.68 3.72 R6.89 2.04 1981 1.18 R2.00 1.80 R3.04 5.48 R9.27 2.75 1982 1.23 R1.95 2.22 R3.54 4.92 R7.84 2.76 1983 1.18 R1.81 2.32 R3.56 4.52 R6.93 2.70 1984 1.16 R1.72 2.40 R3.55 4.46 R6.60 2.65 1985 1.15 R1.65 2.26 R3.24 4.15 R5.96 2.51 1986 1.09 R1.52 1.75 R2.45 2.16 R3.03 1.65 1987 1.05 R1.44 1.50 R2.05 2.66 R3.63 1.70 1988 1.01 R1.34 1.52 R2.01 2.17 R2.87 1.53 1989 1.00 R1.28 1.53 R1.94 2.73 R3.48 1.67 1990 1.00 R1.22 1.55 R1.90 3.45 R4.23 1.84 1991 0.99 R1.17 1.48 R1.75 2.85 R3.38 1.67 1992 0.97 R1.12 1.57 R1.82 2.76 R3.19 1.66 1993 0.93 R1.05 1.84 R2.09 2.46 R2.78 1.67 1994 0.91 R1.01 1.67 R1.86 2.27 R2.52 1.53 1995 0.88 R0.96 1.40 R1.52 2.52 R2.74 1.47 1996 0.87 R0.93 1.96 R2.09 3.18 R3.39 1.82 1997 0.85 R0.89 2.10 R2.20 2.97 R3.11 1.81 1998 0.83 R0.86 1.77 R1.83 1.87 R1.94 1.41 1999 0.79 R0.81 1.98 R2.02 2.68 R2.74 1.65 2000 0.80 R0.80 R3.32 R3.32 4.61 R4.61 R2.60 2001 R0.83 R0.81 R3.62 R3.54 3.77 R3.68 R2.53 2002 R0.87 R0.83 2.67 R2.56 3.88 R3.73 R2.21 2003P 0.86 0.82 4.50 4.26 4.75 4.50 3.12 

1 Free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production of

each fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dom

Table D1. 6 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production

Overview, 1949-2003 By Fuel, 1949-2003Overview, 200368 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Production

1 Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit

price deflators. See Table D1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.5, and 3.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Na

G

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Production

C

Exports

Imports

177

154

16

Production Imports Exports

0

50

100150200

Billion Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 No

1949 2.52 R15.41 0.33 R2.02 4.68 R28.62 1950 2.91 R17.60 0.44 R2.66 4.95 R29.94 1955 2.30 R12.27 0.94 R5.02 6.88 R36.71 11960 2.10 R9.98 1.79 R8.51 7.42 R35.26 11965 2.40 R10.65 2.57 R11.40 8.15 R36.17 11970 3.88 R14.09 3.73 R13.55 11.19 R40.64 11971 4.01 R13.87 4.05 R14.01 11.71 R40.50 11972 4.65 R15.41 4.28 R14.19 11.71 R38.82 21973 5.14 R16.14 4.98 R15.64 13.07 R41.04 21974 9.65 R27.79 6.48 R18.66 22.00 R63.35 31975 12.67 R33.34 8.85 R23.29 23.45 R61.71 41976 13.40 R33.34 11.57 R28.78 24.37 R60.63 41977 13.91 R32.54 15.82 R37.00 25.79 R60.32 51978 14.65 R32.02 18.18 R39.73 28.60 R62.50 61979 18.55 R37.44 24.16 R48.76 39.45 R79.62 81980 20.45 R37.84 32.09 R59.38 67.93 R125.70 121981 21.75 R36.79 39.51 R66.83 99.40 R168.14 161982 22.84 R36.41 45.71 R72.87 90.03 R143.53 151983 20.32 R31.16 43.73 R67.06 83.05 R127.36 141984 22.94 R33.91 48.69 R71.97 84.10 R124.31 151985 22.27 R31.95 43.35 R62.18 78.88 R113.15 141986 21.18 R29.73 32.71 R45.91 39.63 R55.62 91987 21.20 R28.96 29.11 R39.77 46.93 R64.12 91988 20.97 R27.70 30.28 R40.00 37.48 R49.52 81989 21.40 R27.24 30.58 R38.93 44.07 R56.10 91990 22.39 R27.44 31.80 R38.98 53.77 R65.90 101991 21.40 R25.34 30.39 R35.99 44.77 R53.02 91992 20.98 R24.29 32.56 R37.69 41.97 R48.58 91993 18.77 R21.24 38.72 R43.81 35.61 R40.29 91994 20.06 R22.22 36.46 R40.39 32.07 R35.53 81995 19.45 R21.12 30.24 R32.83 35.00 R38.00 81996 19.68 R20.97 42.99 R45.81 43.68 R46.54 101997 19.77 R20.72 46.09 R48.31 40.57 R42.52 101998 19.75 R20.47 39.12 R40.55 24.80 R25.71 81999 18.30 R18.70 43.37 R44.31 33.40 R34.13 92000 18.02 R18.02 R74.33 R74.33 56.93 R56.93 R142001 19.60 R19.15 R82.28 R80.37 46.25 R45.18 R142002 R19.68 R18.93 R58.77 R56.54 R47.21 R45.42 R122003P 19.23 18.20 99.95 94.58 57.71 54.61 17

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at

the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dom

Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy

Total Energy, 1970-2000 By Energy Type, 2000Prices1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2000 By Petroleum Product, 200070 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Gasoline Fuel Oil

$9.85 in 2000

1 Nominal dollars.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene,

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Dollars1 per Million Btu

20.04

9.94

5.68

1.9

Retail Petroleum Natural Wood 

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas Was

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

Index: 1970=1.00Natural Gas Petroleum

12.01

10.19 9.90

6.60

Motor LPG2 Distillate Jet Fu

0369

12

15

Dollars1 per Million Btu Nuclear Fuel Coal

Wood and Waste
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy, 1970-2000

 (Nominal Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 1

Coal 

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total 4,5

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel LPG 2

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 3 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.46 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.29 1.08 1971 0.42 0.63 1.22 0.77 1.49 2.90 0.58 1.44 1.79 0.18 1.31 1.15 1972 0.45 0.68 1.22 0.79 1.52 2.88 0.62 1.49 1.78 0.18 1.33 1.18 1973 0.48 0.73 1.46 0.92 2.02 3.10 0.75 1.57 1.97 0.19 1.39 1.29 1974 0.88 0.89 2.44 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.82 2.59 3.06 0.20 1.50 1.94 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 2.97 4.65 1.93 2.92 3.35 0.24 1.50 2.19 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 3.21 4.84 1.90 3.07 3.47 0.25 1.53 2.34 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 3.65 5.13 2.14 3.25 3.73 0.27 1.58 2.57 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 3.60 5.24 2.08 3.44 3.84 0.30 1.61 2.71 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 4.50 7.11 2.83 4.69 5.23 0.34 1.88 3.47 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 5.64 9.84 3.88 7.02 7.40 0.43 2.26 4.57 1981 1.64 3.43 8.03 7.57 6.18 10.94 4.91 8.63 8.68 0.48 2.53 5.24 1982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23 6.66 10.39 4.65 7.83 8.39 0.54 2.54 5.32 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 7.17 9.12 4.50 7.58 7.77 0.58 2.43 5.11 1984 1.71 4.75 7.36 6.25 6.93 8.89 4.75 7.64 7.67 0.67 2.50 5.02 1985 1.69 4.61 7.18 5.91 6.54 9.01 4.30 7.52 7.62 0.71 2.41 4.91 1986 1.62 4.07 5.66 3.92 6.42 6.79 2.37 5.77 5.72 0.70 2.10 3.96 1987 1.53 3.77 5.94 4.03 6.06 7.23 2.86 5.59 6.03 0.71 2.07 3.98 1988 1.50 3.78 5.80 3.80 5.86 7.33 2.35 5.23 5.90 0.73 2.08 3.87 1989 1.49 3.85 6.45 4.39 5.53 8.02 2.72 5.47 6.43 0.70 1.74 4.10 1990 1.50 3.85 7.70 5.68 6.75 9.12 3.16 5.80 7.47 0.67 1.70 4.49 1991 1.49 3.78 7.28 4.83 6.79 8.93 2.62 5.72 7.19 0.63 1.75 4.31 1992 1.46 3.89 7.11 4.52 6.19 8.96 2.27 5.49 7.07 0.59 1.66 4.28 1993 1.43 4.16 7.10 4.29 6.20 8.83 2.25 5.47 7.01 0.56 1.58 4.30 1994 1.40 4.15 7.03 3.95 6.61 8.96 2.32 5.46 7.07 0.56 1.50 4.31 1995 1.38 3.81 7.02 4.00 6.54 9.22 2.46 5.72 7.29 0.54 1.42 4.28 1996 1.34 4.33 7.90 4.82 8.01 9.85 2.79 6.22 8.02 0.51 1.53 4.69 1997 1.32 4.63 7.70 4.53 7.42 9.81 2.93 5.91 7.87 0.51 1.42 4.72 1998 1.31 4.25 6.63 3.35 5.99 8.45 2.15 5.06 6.65 0.50 1.50 4.14 1999 1.28 4.26 7.24 4.01 6.64 9.31 2.30 5.32 7.33 0.47 1.60 4.42 2000 1.27 5.68 9.90 6.60 10.19 12.01 4.74 6.98 9.94 0.45 1.90 5.78 

1 "Primary Energy" price estimates are for all sectors, including electric utilities. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

4 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2000, coal coke

imports averaged 2.66 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.64 dollars per million Btu. 5 Includes net imports of electricity generated from nonrenewable energy sources, which are notseparately displayed.

6 Price estimates for primary energy at electric utilities. 7 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, repo

service providers. 8 "Total Energy" price estimates exclude primary energy at el

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices 

taxes where data were available. • There are no direct fuel csolar energy.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_prices/toSource: Energy Information Administration, State Energy Dat
Figure 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy

Total Energy, 1970-2000 By Energy Type, 2000Expenditures1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2000 By Petroleum Product, 200072 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1Nominal dollars.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.4.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas

$703 billion in 2000

362

232

116

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

100200300400

Billion Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline

Retail

Electricity 194

78

30 24

Motor Distillate LPG2 Jet F

0

50

100150200250

Billion Dollars1 Petroleum Natural Gas Coal

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy, 1970-2000

 (Million Nominal Dollars)

Year

Primary Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 2

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total 5

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel LPG 3

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 4 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,446 31,596 2,046 4,159 47,942 44 438 63,870 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,531 33,478 2,933 4,429 51,844 73 446 69,290 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,889 35,346 3,458 4,756 55,682 104 476 74,848 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 3,933 39,667 4,667 5,300 65,091 177 502 85,953 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 5,273 54,194 10,547 8,264 96,704 259 544 125,155 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 5,231 59,446 10,374 8,448 103,372 448 534 137,517 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 5,993 64,977 11,648 9,880 115,468 520 622 155,802 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 6,824 70,591 14,381 11,719 131,036 743 694 177,558 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 6,621 74,513 13,747 13,294 137,967 915 782 190,762 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 9,383 95,916 17,656 18,760 183,173 941 964 246,498 1980 22,607 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923 10,926 124,408 21,573 26,001 237,628 1,189 1,252 313,659 1981 26,159 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607 11,900 138,138 22,668 28,445 264,957 1,436 1,452 354,517 1982 26,349 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974 12,925 130,305 17,632 22,355 242,279 1,684 1,475 340,027 1983 26,987 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979 14,083 115,803 14,099 21,536 221,345 1,859 1,504 323,652 1984 29,021 -22 77,169 44,580 15,097 14,143 114,429 14,410 22,576 225,234 2,384 1,552 335,336 1985 29,673 -34 72,938 43,759 14,747 13,545 118,048 11,493 22,004 223,597 2,878 1,493 330,545 1986 27,847 -40 59,702 34,995 10,505 12,694 91,529 7,486 17,579 174,788 3,061 1,319 266,677 1987 27,526 7 58,019 37,587 11,448 12,859 99,864 8,062 17,581 187,400 3,378 1,299 277,629 1988 28,329 116 61,089 38,593 11,318 12,775 103,323 7,259 16,674 189,941 4,057 1,358 284,890 1989 28,271 137 65,383 43,246 13,434 12,154 112,720 8,354 16,965 206,872 3,939 1,656 306,212 1990 28,637 22 64,102 49,430 17,784 13,680 126,558 8,707 19,169 235,328 4,104 1,678 333,764 1991 28,290 44 64,697 45,181 14,609 14,922 123,118 6,786 18,160 222,776 4,073 1,782 321,763 1992 27,972 126 68,400 45,110 13,559 14,161 125,249 5,575 18,267 221,923 3,802 1,792 324,105 1993 28,408 96 75,941 45,885 13,002 13,961 126,560 5,439 18,250 223,096 3,597 1,673 332,895 1994 27,946 214 77,716 47,240 12,474 16,253 130,068 5,288 18,654 229,976 3,777 1,893 341,728 1995 27,632 234 74,150 47,845 12,525 16,250 136,647 4,667 19,175 237,110 3,810 1,877 345,040 1996 28,168 156 85,634 56,675 15,770 21,159 148,344 5,297 21,202 268,447 3,624 2,059 388,224 1997 28,276 170 91,736 56,199 15,000 19,861 149,668 5,211 21,683 267,621 3,355 1,817 393,131 1998 28,139 188 81,628 48,763 11,239 15,343 132,730 4,288 20,004 232,367 3,568 1,813 347,627 1999 27,621 140 83,559 54,996 13,878 19,147 149,260 4,300 21,332 262,912 3,558 2,341 379,913 2000 28,728 146 115,910 78,488 23,636 29,851 193,999 9,740 26,312 362,026 3,542 2,441 512,910 

1 "Primary Energy" expenditure estimates are for all sectors, including electric utilities. 2 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.7, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services. FT600 series. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleumcoke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

5 Includes net imports of electricity generated from nonrenewable energy sources, which are not

separately displayed.

6 Expenditure estimates for primary energy at electric utilities. Values are negative so the columns will

sum to the "Total Energy" column. 7 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, rep

service providers. 8 "Total Energy" expenditure estimates exclude primary eelectricity.

Notes: • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, g

may not equal the sum of components due to independent roun

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_prices/tSource: Energy Information Administration, State Energy Da
Figure 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2003 By Fuel, 1949-2003By Fuel, 200374 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Notes: • Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product

implicit price deflators. See Table D1. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not becompared.

Source: Table 3.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars

1950 1960 1970 198

0

102030405060708090

100110120

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars

96

29

20

Crude Oil Petroleum Products Other1

0

20406080

100120

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 

1949 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.30 R1.86 0.14 R0.84 1950 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.37 R2.23 0.21 R1.30 1955 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.65 R3.49 0.44 R2.36 1960 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.90 R4.25 0.73 R3.48 1965 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.11 R0.47 1.12 R4.97 0.92 R4.10 1970 (s) (s) (s) 0.01 0.26 R0.94 1.26 R4.58 1.48 R5.38 1971 (s) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.31 R1.08 1.69 R5.84 1.66 R5.73 1972 (s) (s) (s) R0.02 0.31 R1.04 2.37 R7.85 1.99 R6.59 1973 (s) R0.01 0.04 0.12 0.36 R1.14 4.24 R13.31 3.50 R10.98 1974 0.06 R0.17 0.19 R0.56 0.53 R1.53 15.25 R43.92 11.01 R31.71 1975 0.02 R0.06 0.16 R0.41 1.15 R3.03 18.29 R48.13 6.77 R17.81 1976 0.02 0.04 0.11 R0.28 1.66 R4.13 25.46 R63.33 6.65 R16.55 1977 0.04 0.09 0.13 R0.31 2.00 R4.68 33.59 R78.57 8.42 R19.69 1978 0.07 R0.16 0.41 R0.89 2.06 R4.50 32.30 R70.59 7.30 R15.96 1979 0.05 0.10 0.34 R0.69 3.13 R6.31 46.06 R92.96 10.45 R21.09 1980 0.03 R0.06 0.05 R0.10 4.21 R7.80 61.90 R114.54 12.54 R23.21 1981 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 4.41 R7.46 61.46 R103.96 14.30 R24.18 1982 0.02 R0.04 0.01 0.01 4.69 R7.48 45.72 R72.89 13.86 R22.10 1983 0.04 R0.07 (s) (s) 4.39 R6.73 36.49 R55.96 14.84 R22.76 1984 0.05 R0.07 0.05 0.07 3.44 R5.08 36.44 R53.87 17.87 R26.41 1985 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.06 3.05 R4.37 32.90 R47.20 17.47 R25.05 1986 0.08 0.11 0.03 R0.04 1.82 R2.56 22.61 R31.73 12.18 R17.10 1987 0.06 R0.08 0.05 R0.08 1.93 R2.64 29.13 R39.80 12.37 R16.89 1988 0.06 0.08 0.19 R0.26 2.38 R3.14 27.55 R36.39 12.43 R16.43 1989 0.10 0.12 0.22 R0.28 2.51 R3.19 35.53 R45.23 13.50 R17.18 1990 0.09 0.11 0.07 R0.09 2.97 R3.64 43.78 R53.66 16.90 R20.72 1991 0.11 0.13 0.09 R0.11 3.24 R3.83 36.90 R43.70 13.17 R15.60 1992 0.13 R0.15 0.14 R0.17 3.96 R4.58 38.55 R44.63 11.98 R13.87 1993 0.25 R0.29 0.17 R0.19 4.77 R5.40 38.47 R43.53 11.74 R13.28 1994 0.27 R0.30 0.27 R0.30 4.90 R5.43 38.48 R42.63 11.14 R12.35 1995 0.32 R0.35 0.33 R0.35 4.23 R4.59 42.81 R46.48 9.95 R10.80 1996 0.27 R0.29 0.24 R0.26 5.79 R6.17 54.93 R58.53 15.27 R16.27 1997 0.26 R0.27 0.25 R0.27 6.50 R6.81 54.23 R56.83 416.93 R,417.74 1998 0.28 R0.29 0.29 R0.30 6.21 R6.44 37.25 R38.61 13.01 R13.49 1999 0.28 R0.29 0.23 R0.23 8.03 R8.21 50.89 R52.00 16.28 R16.64 2000 0.38 R0.38 0.25 R0.25 14.94 R14.94 89.88 R89.88 29.38 R29.38 2001 0.67 R0.66 R0.19 R0.19 17.77 R17.36 74.29 R72.57 28.45 R27.79 2002 0.60 R0.58 0.24 R0.23 12.67 R12.19 R79.25 R76.24 R23.52 R22.63 2003P 0.79 0.75 0.24 0.23 20.27 19.18 101.72 96.26 30.80 29.14 

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, 

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports o

• 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumpand 1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exof LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United Sannual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information AdministNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-1998—EIA, N• 1999-2000—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, (August 2001). • 20Gas Monthly, March reports, Tables 5 and 6. Crude Oil and Peof the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125. • 1964-for Consumption, FT135. • 1989 forward—Bureau of thMerchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports Groupings," December issues.
Figure 3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2003 By Fuel, 1949-2003By Fuel, 200376 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Coal, crude oil, and coal coke.2 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.

Notes: • Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated 

implicit price deflators. See Table D1. • Because vertical s

compared.

Source: Table 3.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars

1950 1960 1970 198

0

2

468

10

12

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars

10

4

2

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Other1

0369

12

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars Coal
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 0.30 R1.82 0.01 0.05 (s) 0.01 0.10 R0.60 0.46 R2.82 1950 0.27 R1.63 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 0.10 R0.62 0.39 R2.39 1955 0.48 R2.59 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 R0.21 0.60 R3.20 1960 0.35 R1.68 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.47 R2.22 1965 0.48 R2.12 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.44 R1.95 1970 0.96 R3.49 0.08 R0.29 0.03 R0.11 0.02 R0.07 0.50 R1.82 1971 0.90 R3.12 0.04 R0.16 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.50 R1.74 1972 0.98 R3.26 0.03 0.10 0.04 R0.13 (s) 0.01 0.49 R1.62 1973 1.01 R3.18 0.03 0.10 0.04 R0.13 (s) 0.01 0.57 R1.80 1974 2.44 R7.02 0.04 R0.13 0.05 R0.16 0.01 0.04 0.87 R2.51 1975 3.26 R8.58 0.07 R0.20 0.09 R0.24 (s) (s) 1.01 R2.65 1976 2.91 R7.24 0.07 R0.17 0.10 R0.25 0.03 R0.07 1.07 R2.66 1977 2.66 R6.21 0.07 R0.17 0.11 R0.25 0.21 R0.49 1.14 R2.66 1978 2.05 R4.48 0.05 R0.11 0.11 R0.24 0.39 R0.85 1.23 R2.69 1979 3.40 R6.86 0.08 R0.16 0.13 R0.26 0.39 R0.80 1.58 R3.20 1980 4.63 R8.56 0.13 R0.24 0.23 R0.42 0.75 R1.39 2.12 R3.92 1981 5.92 R10.01 0.07 R0.13 0.35 R0.59 0.58 R0.98 3.24 R5.48 1982 5.99 R9.55 0.06 R0.10 0.30 R0.48 0.47 R0.75 5.86 R9.34 1983 4.06 R6.22 0.05 0.07 0.28 R0.43 0.22 R0.34 4.88 R7.48 1984 4.13 R6.11 0.07 0.10 0.27 R0.40 0.19 R0.27 4.62 R6.82 1985 4.47 R6.41 0.08 R0.11 0.26 R0.38 0.23 R0.32 4.90 R7.02 1986 3.93 R5.52 0.07 0.09 0.17 R0.24 0.12 0.16 3.77 R5.29 1987 3.40 R4.65 0.05 R0.07 0.17 R0.23 0.13 R0.17 3.80 R5.19 1988 4.01 R5.30 0.08 0.10 0.20 R0.27 0.08 0.10 2.72 R3.60 1989 4.29 R5.46 0.08 0.10 0.27 R0.34 0.21 R0.26 2.65 R3.38 1990 4.51 R5.53 0.05 0.06 0.27 R0.32 0.14 R0.17 4.23 R5.19 1991 4.62 R5.47 0.05 0.06 0.33 R0.40 0.03 0.04 4.65 R5.51 1992 4.24 R4.91 0.04 0.05 0.49 R0.56 0.03 0.04 4.27 R4.94 1993 3.09 R3.49 0.06 R0.07 0.36 R0.41 0.02 0.02 4.15 R4.69 1994 2.85 R3.16 0.04 0.04 0.40 R0.45 0.05 0.05 3.36 R3.72 1995 3.57 R3.87 0.05 0.05 0.37 R0.40 0.01 0.01 3.56 R3.87 1996 3.69 R3.93 0.06 R0.07 0.46 R0.49 0.56 R0.60 4.25 R4.53 1997 3.39 R3.55 0.05 R0.06 0.47 R0.50 1.04 R1.09 37.55 R,37.91 1998 3.04 R3.15 0.04 R0.05 0.39 R0.40 0.90 R0.93 5.68 R5.89 1999 2.13 R2.18 0.03 0.03 0.43 R0.44 0.77 R0.79 6.35 R6.48 2000 2.04 R2.04 0.05 0.05 1.00 R1.00 0.46 R0.46 9.73 R9.73 2001 1.80 R1.76 R0.11 R0.11 1.54 R1.50 0.19 R0.18 8.68 R8.48 2002 1.60 R1.54 R0.06 R0.06 1.76 R1.69 0.09 R0.09 R8.65 R8.32 2003P 1.55 1.46 0.07 0.07 3.85 3.65 0.16 0.15 10.10 9.56 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.

Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, F

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. ExpPower Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natur• 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imreports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA)annual reports. • 1982-1998—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, moGas Monthly (August 2003). • 2003—Calculated from EIA, Naand 6. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: • 1949-1988—Bu• 1989 forward—Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division15. Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal SITC Commodity 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2003

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel78 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Coal1

1Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Notes: • Negative net imports are net exports. • Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 3.7.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150

-25

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150

-25

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars Natural Gas Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 -0.29 R-1.80 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 R1.26 -0.32 R-1.98 1950 -0.27 R-1.61 (s) R-0.01 (s) -0.02 0.27 R1.61 -0.18 R-1.09 1955 -0.48 R-2.57 -0.01 R-0.04 -0.01 -0.03 0.62 R3.29 -0.16 R-0.84 1960 -0.35 R-1.67 -0.01 R-0.03 0.02 R0.12 0.89 R4.22 0.26 R1.26 1965 -0.48 R-2.11 -0.01 R-0.07 0.10 R0.44 1.11 R4.95 0.48 R2.15 1970 -0.96 R-3.49 -0.08 R-0.27 0.23 R0.83 1.24 R4.51 0.98 R3.56 1971 -0.90 R-3.11 -0.04 R-0.14 0.27 R0.95 1.68 R5.82 1.15 R3.99 1972 -0.98 R-3.26 -0.03 R-0.09 0.28 R0.91 2.37 R7.85 1.50 R4.97 1973 -1.01 R-3.18 0.01 0.02 0.32 R1.01 4.24 R13.31 2.93 R9.19 1974 -2.38 R-6.85 0.15 R0.43 0.48 R1.37 15.24 R43.89 10.14 R29.20 1975 -3.24 R-8.52 0.08 R0.22 1.06 R2.79 18.29 R48.13 5.76 R15.16 1976 -2.89 R-7.20 0.04 R0.11 1.56 R3.88 25.43 R63.26 5.58 R13.89 1977 -2.62 R-6.12 0.06 R0.14 1.89 R4.43 33.38 R78.08 7.28 R17.03 1978 -1.98 R-4.32 0.36 R0.79 1.95 R4.26 31.91 R69.73 6.07 R13.27 1979 -3.35 R-6.75 0.26 R0.52 3.00 R6.05 45.66 R92.16 8.87 R17.89 1980 -4.60 R-8.51 -0.08 -0.14 3.98 R7.37 61.15 R113.15 10.42 R19.28 1981 -5.89 R-9.96 -0.03 -0.05 4.06 R6.87 60.88 R102.98 11.06 R18.71 1982 -5.97 R-9.52 -0.05 -0.08 4.39 R7.00 45.25 R72.15 8.00 R12.76 1983 -4.01 R-6.16 -0.04 R-0.07 4.11 R6.30 36.27 R55.62 9.96 R15.28 1984 -4.09 R-6.04 -0.02 -0.03 3.17 R4.68 36.26 R53.59 13.25 R19.58 1985 -4.39 R-6.30 -0.03 -0.05 2.79 R4.00 32.68 R46.87 12.57 R18.03 1986 -3.85 R-5.40 -0.04 R-0.06 1.65 R2.32 22.49 R31.57 8.42 R11.81 1987 -3.35 R-4.58 0.01 0.01 1.76 R2.41 29.00 R39.63 8.57 R11.71 1988 -3.95 R-5.22 0.12 0.15 2.18 R2.88 27.47 R36.29 9.71 R12.83 1989 -4.19 R-5.33 0.14 R0.17 2.24 R2.85 35.32 R44.97 10.85 R13.81 1990 -4.42 R-5.41 0.02 0.03 2.71 R3.32 43.65 R53.50 12.67 R15.53 1991 -4.51 R-5.34 0.04 0.05 2.90 R3.43 36.87 R43.66 8.52 R10.09 1992 -4.11 R-4.76 0.10 0.11 3.47 R4.02 38.52 R44.59 7.72 R8.93 1993 -2.83 R-3.21 0.11 R0.12 4.41 R4.99 38.45 R43.50 7.59 R8.59 1994 -2.58 R-2.86 0.23 R0.26 4.50 R4.98 38.43 R42.58 7.78 R8.62 1995 -3.24 R-3.52 0.27 R0.30 3.86 R4.19 42.81 R46.48 6.39 R6.94 1996 -3.41 R-3.64 0.18 R0.19 5.33 R5.68 54.37 R57.93 11.01 R11.74 1997 -3.13 R-3.28 0.20 R0.21 6.02 R6.31 53.19 R55.74 39.37 R,39.82 1998 -2.75 R-2.86 0.25 R0.26 5.82 R6.03 36.36 R37.69 7.33 R7.60 1999 -1.85 R-1.90 0.20 R0.20 7.61 R7.77 50.12 R51.21 9.94 R10.15 2000 -1.66 R-1.66 0.20 R0.20 13.94 R13.94 89.41 R89.41 19.65 R19.65 2001 -1.13 R-1.10 R0.08 0.08 16.23 R15.85 74.11 R72.39 19.77 R19.31 2002 -1.00 R-0.96 R0.18 0.17 10.91 R10.50 R79.16 R76.16 R14.87 R14.31 2003P -0.76 -0.72 0.17 0.16 16.41 15.53 101.57 96.11 20.70 19.59 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. 

Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus 

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal rounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Taindependent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 3.5 and 3.6.
Figure 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2002

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies by Major Energy Companies by Major Energy CompMajor Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refin80 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System(FRS). See Table 3.12. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 3.8.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

2

468

Million Barrels per Day

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 1

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Dry Natural Gas

Note: Expanded coverage of refiin 1998 Financial Reporting Syste

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

PercentUranium

Output

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2002

Year

Production R

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids 1 Dry Natural Gas 1 Coal 2 Uranium Capacity 3 

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Pounds 4

Percent of

U.S. Total 5

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent o

U.S. Total 

1974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 92.5 1975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 89.8 1976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 93.4 1977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 89.0 1978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 86.7 1979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 82.4 1980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 83.9 1981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 78.2 1982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 76.2 1983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 77.2 1984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 79.1 1985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 80.6 1986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 81.0 1987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 0.0 0.0 12.5 80.1 1988 5.7 58.8 7.6 44.6 285.3 30.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 77.2 1989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 0.0 0.0 11.5 73.4 1990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 0.0 0.0 11.4 73.0 1991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 0.0 0.0 11.2 71.5 1992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 0.0 0.0 11.0 69.8 1993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 0.0 0.0 10.7 70.9 1994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 0.0 0.0 10.6 70.8 1995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 67.6 1996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 0.0 0.0 10.5 68.3 1997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 60.9 1998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 714.3 790.9 1999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 87.1 2000 3.5 44.8 8.3 R43.5 35.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 14.4 R87.4 2001 3.7 48.7 8.8 R45.1 33.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 R14.7 R88.5 2002 3.7 48.4 8.7 45.9 29.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 14.6 86.7 

1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of

type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty). 2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 4 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 5 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 6 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the FRS.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned

producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Table 3.12

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/eSources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—Energy I

EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998. Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of U.Sand 9.3.
Figure 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income

Total, 1974-2002 U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas, 1977-2002 Foreign Petroleum and Total by Type of Business, 2002 U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and 

by Activity, 2002 by Activity, 2002

82 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System(FRS). See Table 3.12. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 3.9.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

27.9

(s) -1.5

1.8

Petroleum Coal Nuclear Non-

-10

0

102030

Billion Dollars115.0

-2.2

1.7

Production Refining Rate

-10

0

102030

Billion Dollars1 12.9

Production 

0

102030

Billion Dollars1

and

Natural Gas

and 

Other Energy

and

Marketing

Regulated

Pipelines

Energy 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2002

 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and Natural Gas Type o

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total 2 Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total 2

Petroleum

and

Natural

Gas Coal

N

O

E

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 0.8 8.6 3.6 0.7 0.1 4.4 13.0 0.2 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -0.1 5.2 14.7 0.1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 0.1 9.7 23.0 0.3 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 0.1 11.2 29.1 0.3 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -0.1 9.6 29.5 0.4 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 0.8 -0.3 6.7 25.0 0.4 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -0.5 8.2 24.0 0.5 1984 13.3 0.1 2.5 15.8 7.5 0.7 -0.4 7.8 23.6 0.6 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 0.5 -0.4 8.1 24.8 0.4 1986 0.9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 0.1 7.7 12.9 0.2 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -0.1 6.4 14.8 0.4 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 0.1 6.9 17.5 0.6 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 0.2 6.7 16.2 0.4 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 0.2 10.5 23.4 0.3 1991 5.1 0.9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 0.3 9.8 17.7 0.6 1992 5.6 -0.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 -0.5 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 0.4 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 0.2 1995 3.7 0.5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 0.3 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 0.5 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 0.1 13.3 29.3 0.3 1998 0.5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 0.1 5.1 12.8 0.5 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 0.2 2000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.3 (s) 2001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 0.2 17.8 50.8 0.1 2002 15.0 -2.2 1.7 14.6 12.9 0.5 (s) 13.3 27.9 (s) 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Total is sum of components shown, plus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes).

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.12. • "Netincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. • "Eliminations" are revenues andexpenses resulting from transactions between segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company

accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. 

must be eliminated. • "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ cannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a rthe basis of operating-level utilities.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIAProducers, annual reports.
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability

Total, 1974-2002 U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas, 1977-2002 Foreign Petroleum and Total by Type of Activity, 2002 U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and 

by Activity, 2002 by Activity, 2002

84 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See

Table 3.12. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 3.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

12

1824

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

12

1824

Percent

1980 1985 

06

12

1824

Percent

6.5

-8.5

-6.8

4.7

Petroleum Coal Nuclear Non-

-10

0

1020

Percent

10.5

-2.7

5.2

Production Refining Rate

-10

0

1020

Percent

9.2

Production 

-10

0

1020

Percent

and 

Natural Gas

and 

Other Energy

and

Marketing

Regulated

Pipelines

Energy 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2002

 (Percent)

Year

U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and Natural Gas Type o

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

Petroleum

and

Natural

Gas Coal

N

O

E

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 8.8 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4.1 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 6.3 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 5.6 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 6.1 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4.4 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 5.0 1984 10.8 0.3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 6.2 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4.6 1986 0.8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 2.7 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 5.1 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 6.7 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 5.0 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 3.3 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 8.7 1992 5.9 -0.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 -9.3 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 7.6 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4.0 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 6.9 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 9.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 7.2 1998 0.5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 26.4 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 0.8 7.6 7.2 9.5 2000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.9 1.7 2001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.2 9.0 2002 10.5 -2.7 5.2 5.7 9.2 1.3 -6.2 7.6 6.5 -8.5 

NA=Not available. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System. See Table 3.12.

• Data are for return on investment, measured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net

income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes,interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property,

plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconso

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EIA, Perforannual reports.
Figure 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2001

Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total ProDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Explo

Development of Uraniu

86 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Natural gas liquids.3 Nominal dollars.

* 1999, 2000, and 2001 uranium values are withheld 

company data.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.11.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

46

Million Barrels per Day

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

5

10152025303540

Share of U.S. Total (Percent)

1980 1985 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Dollars3

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Cr

an

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Refining

Capacity

Production1

Production1

D
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2001

Year

Production

Refining Capacity

Sales 

Motor Ga

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Billion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Pounds 1

Percent of

U.S. Total 2

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 1979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 1980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 1981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 1982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 1983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 1984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 1985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 1986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 1987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 1988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 1989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 1990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 1991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 1992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 1993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 1994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 1995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 1996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 1997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 1998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 1999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.2 43,745 481.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 2000 1,027 12.7 2,126 11.2 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 2001 1,010 12.5 2,144 11.0 302 26.8 2,430 92.1 4,806 28.6 2,954 

1 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 2 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 3 Nominal dollars. 4 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.

Sources: Uranium Production: Energy Information Adm

2002 (May 2003), Table 5, and analysis by the Office of Energy Team. All Other Data: • 1978-1992— EIA, Profiles of Foreigreports. • 1993—EIA, Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in 10, 11, and 12. • 1994-1997—EIA, Performance Profiles of • 1998 forward—EIA, Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in U.
88 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 3.12 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2002

Company 1974-1981 1982 1983-84 1985-86 1987 1988 1989-90 1991 1992-93 1994-96 1997 1998 

Amerada Hess Corporation ................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXAmerican Petrofina Holding Company 1,2,3 ......... X X X XXAmerican Petrofina, Inc. 1 ................................... X X X X X X XAnadarko Petroleum Corporation ....................... X X X XXApache Corporation ............................................ Ashland Inc. 4 ..................................................... X X X X X X X X X XXAtlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 5 .......................... X X X X X X X X X X XXBP America, Inc. 6,7 ............................................ X X X X X X XXBP Amoco Corporation 5,6,8 ................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXBurlington Northern Inc. 9 ................................... X X X X XBurlington Resources Inc. 9 ................................ X XXXX XXChevron Texaco Corporation 10,11,12 .................. X X X X X X XXXX XXCitgo Petroleum Corporation .............................. XCities Service 13 .................................................. X XConoco 14,15,16 .................................................... X XConocoPhillips Company 16,17 ............................ X X X X X X XXXX XXDevon Energy Corporaton .................................. Dominion Resources .......................................... E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 14,15 ............... X X X X X X X X XXEl Paso Energy Corporation 18 ........................... Enron Corporation .............................................. X X XXEOG Resources ................................................. Equilon Enterprises, LLC 19 ................................ XExxon Mobil Corporation 20 ................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXGetty Oil 21 .......................................................... X X XGulf Oil 11 ............................................................ X X XKerr-McGee Corporation 22 ................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXLYONDELL-CITGO Refining, LP 23 .................... XMarathon 24 ........................................................ X Mobil Corporation 20,25 ........................................ X X X X X X X X X X XXMotiva Enterprises, LLC 26 ................................. XNerco, Inc. 27 ...................................................... XOccidental Petroleum Corporation 13 ................. X X X X X X XXXX XXOryx Energy Company 22,28 ................................ X X X X XXPremcor Refining Group 29 ................................. XShell Oil Company .............................................. X X X X X X XXXX XXSonat Inc. ........................................................... X XStandard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 7 ....................... X X X XSunoco, Inc. 28,30 ................................................ X X X X X X X X X X X Superior Oil 25 ..................................................... X X XTenneco Inc. 31 ................................................... X X X X X XTesoro Petroleum Corporation ........................... XTexaco Inc. 12,21 ................................................. X X X X X X XXXX XXThe Coastal Corporation 18 ................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXThe Williams Companies, Inc ............................. XTosco Corporation 17 .......................................... XTotal Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 32 ............. X XUltramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 33 ..... XUnion Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 34,35 .......... X X X X X X X X X X XXUnocal Corporation ............................................. X X X X X X XXXX XXUSX Corporation ................................................ X X X X X X XXXX XXValero Energy Corporation 33 ............................. XXTO Energy, Inc. ................................................ 

Footnotes: See the following page.Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the yearindicated.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Finan
Footnotes for Table 3.12

1American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17, 1991.2Prior submissions were reported at the FINA, Inc. level. FINA, Inc. was the parent

of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, which is now ATOFINA Petrochemicals. Dueto a series of mergers and acquisitions, beginning in 2000, the submission isreported at the American Petrofina Holding Company level, which is the holdingcompany of ATOFINA.

3In 2002, the name was changed to Total Fina Elf.4Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.5BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000. The

reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCO is notincluded in the database for the period from January 1, 2000, to April 14, 2000.

6Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported

separately for 1998 and 1999.

7In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company (Ohio)

that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.

8Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).9Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was

dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources covers the full year 1988 eventhough that company was not created until May of that year.

10Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.11Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to be

available for the full 1984 year.

12In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies reported

separately for 2000.

13Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.14DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for

1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.

15Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spunoff in 1998.

Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.

16In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips

in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001.

17In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tosco. Both companies reported separately

in 2001.

18In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso

Energy Corporation. The name was changed to El Paso CGP Company. Data werereported separately in 2000 under the name The Coastal Company.

19Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and Texaco's western and midwestern

U.S. refining and marketing businesses and nationwide trading transportation and

lubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated iTexaco account for this investment using the equit

20In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to 

separately for 1998.

21Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Gett

company for that year.

22In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The 

consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.

23LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership 

Company and Citgo. There will be some duplicaccounts for its investment using the equity metho

24U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 19825Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both comp

that year.

26Motiva is a joint venture approximately equal

Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines trefining and marketing businesses. Duplication eShell and Texaco's interest, which are accounted fo

27RTZ America acquired the common stock of N

In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco Oil & 1993 submission includes operations of Nerco Oi28, 1993.

28Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and 

renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988. Bthe FRS system for 1988; therefore, some degree o

29In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing chan

Group.

30Sun company withdrew from oil and gas expl

Sun's 1996 submission includes oil and gas explthrough September 30, 1996. Refining/marketinentire 1996 calendar year.

31Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets 

assets in 1988. Other FRS companies purchasTenneco's assets.

32Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, prod

in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new 

33In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diam

Both companies reported separately in 2001.

34Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corp

in the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its FRS system included Union Pacific CorporationUnion Pacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.

35Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on Jul

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
submission includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 2000. Data for Union

Pacific was not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000, to July 14, 2000.90 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Energy Resources

4

Semisubmersible drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resou

Natural Gas

Liquids

23.6 billion barrels

Natural Gas

1,430.6 trillion

cubic feet

Crude Oil

174.8 billion

barrels

92 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

100%

U.S. Onshore and State OffshoreFederal Offshore

Federal Lands1Non-Federal Lands

60%

39

65%

35%

52% 48%

60% 40% 53% 47%

30%

70%

34% 

9%

48%

Undiscovered ConventioDiscovered ConventionaUndiscovered Unconven

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. Source: Table 4.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Es

Region

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas (Dry)

(trillion cubic feet)

Federal 

Lands 1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Federal 

Lands 1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Fe

L

Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 ............................. 82.54 22.51 105.05 420.14 261.78 681.92 

 Alaska Onshore and State Offshore 3 ...................................................... 3.75 4.68 8.43 33.97 95.37 129.34  Alaska Federal Offshore 4 ........................................................................ 24.90 — 24.90 122.60 — 122.60  48 States Onshore and State Offshore 3 .................................................. 3.79 17.83 21.62 23.97 166.41 190.38  48 States Federal Offshore 4 .................................................................... 50.10 — 50.10 239.60 — 239.60 

Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2(Ultimate Recovery Appreciation) 5 ........................................................ 22.03 45.67 67.70 186.70 203.30 390.00 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .......................................................... 14.33 45.67 60.00 118.70 203.30 322.00  U.S. Federal Offshore 4 ............................................................................ 7.70 — 7.70 68.00 — 68.00 

Undiscovered Unconventionally Reservoired Fields 6(Continuous-Type Deposits (all onshore)) ............................................. 0.32 1.75 2.07 143.16 215.55 358.71 U.S. Total ................................................................................................... 104.89 69.93 174.82 750.00 680.63 1,430.63 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .......................................................... 22.19 69.93 92.12 319.80 680.63 1,000.43  Federal Offshore 4 .................................................................................... 82.70 — 82.70 430.20 — 430.20 

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government, excluding Indian and Native lands

even when Federally managed in trust.

2 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas

usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

3 Onshore (Federal and State) plus State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State

jurisdiction). 4 Federal offshore jurisdictions (Outer Continental Shelf and deeper water areas seaward of Stateoffshore).

5 "Proved Reserves" (see Table 4.2) are not included in these estimates. Ultimate recovery

appreciation (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known crude oilor natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time betweendiscovery and permanent abandonment. The estimates of ultimate recovery appreciation for onshore andState offshore lands were imputed by assuming that the total estimates reported by the U.S. GeologicalSurvey could be apportioned according to the ratio of 1996 production from onshore Federal lands to totalU.S. production.

6 Unconventionally reservoired deposits (continuous-type accumulations) are geographically extensive

subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas that generally lack well-defined hydrocarbon/watercontacts. Examples include coalbed methane, "tight gas," and auto-sourced oil- and gas-shale reservoirs.

— = Not applicable. Notes: • Resource estimates are as of the latest estimates 

Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Minerals Manecessarily generated in the current year. • For purposes of coindustry-sponsored group of experts, biennially provides anNation’s natural gas resources. The latest mean estimate, publthe United States," December 31, 2002, is 1,127 trillion cubic conventionally reservoired deposits, expected ultimate recovery gas where it is believed to be technically recoverable and marzero indicates either that none exists in this area or that no estimarea. • "48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and H

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude O

Reserves 2002 Annual Report (December 2003), Table G1, whestimates generated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Management Service.
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserve

Ultimate Recovery

Cumulative Number of Fields, 1977-1998 Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Crude Oil, 1977-2002 Natural Gas, 1977-200294 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Proved Reserves

Proved Reserves

Proved

Ultimate Recovery

U

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels (Cumulative) Cumulative Production

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) Cumulative Produc

1 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of

updates for a subset of the data used in the past.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes le

wet, after lease separation.

Source: Table 4.2.

Crude Oil and/or

Natural Gas1

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

1020304050

Thousands

Crude Oil1

Natural Gas1 Natural Gas

Cumulative Production 

C

Crude Oil

Proved Reserves

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 199

50

100150200

Index: 1977=100
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, 

 and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2002

Year

Cumulative

Number of Fields

with Crude Oil

and/or

Natural Gas 

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Crude Oil

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate

(billion barrels)

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Natural Gas 

(tr

Cumulative

Production

Proved

Reserves

Proved

Ultimate

Recovery

Cumulative

Production

1977 31,360 27,835 121.4 33.6 155.0 23,883 558.3 1978 32,430 28,683 124.6 33.1 157.6 24,786 578.4 1979 33,644 29,671 127.7 31.2 158.9 25,823 599.1 1980 34,999 30,766 130.8 31.3 162.2 26,919 619.4 1981 36,621 32,111 133.9 31.0 165.0 28,213 639.4 1982 38,123 33,375 137.1 29.5 166.6 29,375 658.1 1983 39,489 34,495 140.3 29.3 169.6 30,419 675.1 1984 41,038 35,784 143.5 30.0 173.5 31,595 693.5 1985 42,317 36,849 146.8 29.9 176.7 32,595 710.9 1986 43,076 37,464 150.0 28.3 178.3 33,151 727.8 1987 43,742 37,982 153.0 28.7 181.7 33,657 745.4 1988 44,414 38,506 156.0 28.2 184.2 34,196 763.4 1989 44,883 38,858 158.8 27.9 186.7 34,579 781.7 1990 45,385 39,244 161.5 27.6 189.0 34,975 800.4 1991 45,776 39,558 164.2 25.9 190.1 35,254 819.1 1992 46,149 39,843 166.8 25.0 191.8 35,539 838.0 1993 46,513 40,124 169.3 24.1 193.4 35,798 857.2 1994 46,922 40,417 171.7 23.6 195.3 36,142 877.1 1995 47,296 40,694 174.1 23.5 197.7 36,433 896.9 1996 47,557 40,875 176.5 23.3 199.8 36,612 917.0 1997 47,854 40,977 178.9 23.9 202.8 36,830 937.1 1998 247,664 235,143 181.2 22.4 203.5 232,458 957.0 1999 NA NA 183.3 23.2 206.5 NA 976.8 2000 NA NA 185.4 23.5 208.9 NA 997.0 2001 NA NA 187.5 R23.9 R211.4 NA 1,016.7 2002 NA NA 189.6 24.0 213.6 NA 1,036.9 

1 Wet, after separation of lease condensate. 2 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of updates for a

subset of the data used in the past. 

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease

Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html and

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.

Sources: Cumulative Number of Fields: Energy Informati

Code Master List, annual reports, and EIA, Office of Oil and Cumulative Production: Calculated from EIA, Petroleum SuppAnnual, annual reports. Proved Reserves: • 1977-2001—EIAGas Liquids Reserves, annual reports. • 2002—EIA, U.S. CrudReserves 2002 Annual Report (December 2003), Tables 6, 9Calculated as the sum of cumulative production and proved rese
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2003 By Site, 2003By Type, 1949-2003 By Type, 200396 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Total

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Source: Table 4.3.

924

Onshore 

0

250500750

1,000

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Rigs

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Total

Offshore Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Rigs

872

Natural Ga

0

250500750

1,000

Number of Rigs
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 1973 1,110 84 NA NA 1974 1,378 94 NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geo

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSource: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Ru
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2003 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2003 Successful Wells, 1949Wells Drilled, 2003 Footage Drilled, 2003 Average Depth, 200398 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Development

Exploratory

Developme

Explorator

CrudeOil Wells

Dry Holes

NaturalGas Wells

Total

Total

Sources: Tables 4.4–4.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1

0

255075

100

Percent

29

125

27 26

117

17

2 7 10

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

20406080

100120140

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

5.1

5.0

7.6

Crude Oil 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet

5.7

20.0

4.4

5.5

19.1

2.9

0.2 0.9 1.5

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

10152025

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-20

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natura

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 3,1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 3,1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 4,1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 5,1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 5,1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 5,1971 11,853 3,971 10,309 26,133 60.6 49,109 23,460 54,685 127,253 4,126 5,1972 11,378 5,440 10,891 27,709 60.7 49,269 30,006 58,556 137,831 4,330 5,1973 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 62.4 44,416 38,045 55,761 138,223 4,369 5,1974 13,647 7,138 12,116 32,901 63.2 52,025 38,449 62,899 153,374 3,812 5,1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 5,1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 5,1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 5,1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 5,1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 5,1980 32,639 17,333 20,638 70,610 70.8 124,350 91,484 98,820 314,654 3,810 5,1981 43,598 20,166 27,789 91,553 69.6 171,241 107,758 134,113 413,112 3,928 5,1982 39,199 18,979 26,219 84,397 68.9 148,881 106,627 122,787 378,295 3,798 5,1983 37,120 14,564 24,153 75,837 68.2 136,078 77,530 104,378 317,986 3,666 5,1984 42,605 17,127 25,681 85,413 69.9 161,770 90,578 119,044 371,392 3,797 5,1985 35,118 14,168 21,056 70,342 70.1 137,366 75,862 99,816 313,045 3,912 5,1986 19,097 8,516 12,678 40,291 68.5 76,622 44,727 60,507 181,856 4,012 5,1987 16,164 8,055 11,112 35,331 68.5 66,317 42,479 53,382 162,178 4,103 5,1988 13,636 8,555 10,041 32,232 68.8 58,660 45,320 52,375 156,354 4,302 5,1989 10,204 9,539 8,188 27,931 70.7 43,287 49,169 41,983 134,439 4,242 5,1990 12,198 11,044 8,313 31,555 73.7 54,480 55,869 43,352 153,701 4,466 5,1991 11,770 9,526 7,596 28,892 73.7 54,283 49,737 39,001 143,021 4,612 5,1992 8,757 8,209 6,118 23,084 73.5 44,183 45,728 31,213 121,124 5,045 5,1993 8,407 10,017 6,328 24,752 74.4 42,895 59,720 32,503 135,118 5,102 5,1994 6,721 9,538 5,307 21,566 75.4 36,090 59,412 29,306 124,809 5,370 6,1995 7,627 8,354 5,075 21,056 75.9 38,024 51,415 28,393 117,832 4,985 6,1996 8,314 9,302 5,282 22,898 76.9 40,849 58,062 30,133 129,045 4,913 6,1997 10,436 11,327 5,702 27,465 79.2 52,098 70,477 34,086 156,661 4,992 6,1998 7,064 R11,308 4,840 R23,212 R79.1 R37,576 R74,194 R31,683 143,454 5,321 6,1999E 4,176 10,877 3,364 18,417 81.7 R19,793 R58,242 R21,375 99,410 4,723 5,2000E 7,358 16,455 4,025 27,838 85.5 R34,691 R83,091 R23,610 141,392 4,698 5,2001E 8,060 22,083 R4,084 R34,227 R88.1 R42,504 R120,307 R27,156 189,967 R5,274 R5,2002E R6,058 15,947 R3,531 R25,536 R86.2 R27,375 R91,190 R19,744 R138,310 R4,519 R5,2003E 5,694 20,011 4,446 30,151 85.3 28,808 124,543 26,286 179,637 5,059 6,

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for all wells; see Table 4.5 for exploratory wells and Table 4.6 for development wells. 

See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and coretests are excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, dataare for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data to provide estimates of total well

completions and footage where necessary. See "Completion 

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indnot equal average of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://w

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petro

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, W

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly ReStates, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1994—submitted to the API. • 1995 forward—EIA computations bInformation Handling Services Energy Group, Inc. For current daSection 5.
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2003

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type100 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: These figures depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.4 for all wells and Figure 4.6

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.5.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

Crude Oil

Wells

Natural Gas 

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 1971 659 470 5,952 7,081 15.9 3,786 3,610 34,499 41,895 5,745 1972 685 656 6,134 7,475 17.9 4,028 4,847 36,081 44,956 5,880 1973 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 22.3 4,008 7,038 34,571 45,618 6,243 1974 859 1,190 6,833 8,882 23.1 5,029 7,683 38,603 51,315 5,855 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 1980 1,764 2,081 9,039 12,884 29.8 10,086 13,763 49,971 73,820 5,718 1981 2,636 2,514 12,349 17,499 29.4 15,437 16,983 68,877 101,297 5,856 1982 2,431 2,125 11,247 15,803 28.8 13,349 14,694 60,217 88,260 5,491 1983 2,023 1,593 10,148 13,764 26.3 10,384 10,193 48,590 69,166 5,133 1984 2,198 1,521 11,278 14,997 24.8 12,236 9,889 58,373 80,498 5,567 1985 1,679 1,190 8,924 11,793 24.3 9,847 8,117 47,421 65,386 5,865 1986 1,084 793 5,549 7,426 25.3 6,573 5,372 30,137 42,082 6,063 1987 925 754 5,049 6,728 25.0 5,639 5,055 26,698 37,392 6,096 1988 855 743 4,693 6,291 25.4 5,294 5,000 27,047 37,340 6,192 1989 607 705 3,924 5,236 25.1 3,670 4,678 21,908 30,256 6,046 1990 654 689 3,715 5,058 26.6 4,375 4,716 21,433 30,525 6,690 1991 592 534 3,314 4,440 25.4 3,799 3,654 18,792 26,244 6,417 1992 493 423 2,513 3,429 26.7 3,190 2,712 13,761 19,663 6,470 1993 502 548 2,469 3,519 29.8 3,179 3,226 14,169 20,574 6,332 1994 570 726 2,405 3,701 35.0 3,595 4,601 14,204 22,401 6,308 1995 542 570 2,198 3,310 33.6 3,505 3,604 13,117 20,225 6,466 1996 483 570 2,136 3,189 33.0 3,514 3,819 13,379 20,712 7,276 1997 428 536 2,110 3,074 31.4 3,502 4,026 14,139 21,668 8,183 1998 291 504 1,647 2,442 32.6 R2,579 R3,983 R12,035 R18,597 R8,864 R1999E 154 539 1,195 1,888 36.7 R1,102 R3,481 R7,993 R12,576 R7,018 R2000E 264 609 1,288 2,161 40.4 R1,986 R4,678 R9,124 R15,788 R7,521 R2001E R322 R988 R1,458 R2,768 R47.3 R2,659 R7,514 R11,153 R21,326 R8,259 R2002E R225 R668 R1,180 R2,073 R43.1 R1,595 R4,878 R7,357 R13,830 R7,089 R2003E 212 862 1,519 2,593 41.4 1,616 7,401 9,632 18,649 7,622 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.4 for all wells and Table 4.6 for development

wells only. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • For 1949-1959, data representwells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wellscompleted in a given year. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due todelays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statisticallyimputes the missing data to provide estimates of total well completions and footage where necessary. See

"Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production)" in Glossary. • 

due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal arounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1960—American Association of Petroleum G

in the United States, 1940 through 1960 (1962), pp. 4-19. Association of Petroleum Geologists, "North American DevelopmReview of Drilling Statistics for the United States, an• 1970-1994—EIA computations based on well reports submcomputations based on well reports submitted to the Information current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Section 5.
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2003

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well Typ102 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: These figures depict developed wells only; see Figure 4.4 for all wells and Figure 4.5

for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

4590

135180

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well Natural Gas WellsCrude Oil W
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 1955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 41960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 1965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 1970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 1971 11,194 3,501 4,357 19,052 77.1 45,323 19,850 20,186 85,358 4,049 1972 10,693 4,784 4,757 20,234 76.5 45,241 25,159 22,475 92,875 4,231 1973 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 77.9 40,408 31,007 21,190 92,605 4,242 1974 12,788 5,948 5,283 24,019 78.0 46,996 30,766 24,296 102,059 3,675 1975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 1976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 41977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 1978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 1979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 1980 30,875 15,252 11,599 57,726 79.9 114,264 77,721 48,849 240,834 3,701 1981 40,962 17,652 15,440 74,054 79.2 155,804 90,775 65,236 311,815 3,804 1982 36,768 16,854 14,972 68,594 78.2 135,532 91,933 62,570 290,035 3,686 1983 35,097 12,971 14,005 62,073 77.4 125,694 67,337 55,788 248,820 3,581 1984 40,407 15,606 14,403 70,416 79.5 149,534 80,689 60,671 290,894 3,701 1985 33,439 12,978 12,132 58,549 79.3 127,519 67,745 52,395 247,659 3,813 1986 18,013 7,723 7,129 32,865 78.3 70,049 39,355 30,370 139,774 3,889 1987 15,239 7,301 6,063 28,603 78.8 60,678 37,424 26,684 124,786 3,982 1988 12,781 7,812 5,348 25,941 79.4 53,366 40,320 25,328 119,014 4,175 1989 9,597 8,834 4,264 22,695 81.2 39,617 44,491 20,075 104,183 4,128 1990 11,544 10,355 4,598 26,497 82.6 50,105 51,153 21,919 123,176 4,340 41991 11,178 8,992 4,282 24,452 82.5 50,484 46,083 20,209 116,777 4,516 1992 8,264 7,786 3,605 19,655 81.7 40,993 43,016 17,452 101,461 4,960 1993 7,905 9,469 3,859 21,233 81.8 39,716 56,494 18,334 114,544 5,024 1994 6,151 8,812 2,902 17,865 83.8 32,495 54,811 15,102 102,408 5,283 1995 7,085 7,784 2,877 17,746 83.8 34,519 47,811 15,276 97,607 4,872 1996 7,831 8,732 3,146 19,709 84.0 37,335 54,243 16,754 108,333 4,768 1997 10,008 10,791 3,592 24,391 85.3 48,596 66,451 19,947 134,993 4,856 1998 6,773 R10,804 3,193 R20,770 R84.6 R34,997 R70,211 R19,648 R124,857 5,167 R1999E 4,022 10,338 2,169 16,529 86.9 R18,691 R54,761 R13,382 R86,834 R4,651 R2000E 7,094 15,846 2,737 25,677 89.3 R32,705 R78,413 R14,486 R125,604 R4,610 R42001E R7,738 R21,095 R2,626 R31,459 R91.7 R39,845 R112,793 R16,003 R168,641 R5,149 R2002E R5,833 R15,279 R2,351 R23,463 R90.0 R25,780 R86,312 R12,387 R124,480 R4,420 R2003E 5,482 19,149 2,927 27,558 89.4 27,192 117,142 16,654 160,988 4,960 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.4 for all wells and Table 4.5 for exploratory

wells only. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • Service wells, stratigraphictests, and core tests are excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during thereporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received wellcompletion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data to provide estimates of total

well completions and footage where necessary. See "Complet

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inot equal average of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute, Quarterly Review annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1994—EIA comto the American Petroleum Institute. • 1995 forward—EIA compthe Information Handling Services Energy Group, Inc. For cReview, Section 5.
Figure 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2002 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2002Costs per Well by Well Type, 2002 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2002104 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be 

Source: Table 4.7.

Real1

Nominal

Real1

Nominal

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

0

255075

100125150175200225

Dollars

195

176

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry 

0

50

100150200250300

Dollars (Nominal) 883 992

1,673

1,054

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Dollars (Nominal)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2002

Year

Costs per Well

(thousand dollars)

Costs per Foot

(dollars)

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 All Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 

Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Real 4 Nominal Nominal Nominal 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 R261.1 13.22 18.57 10.56 1961 51.3 94.7 45.2 54.5 R256.2 13.11 17.65 10.56 1962 54.2 97.1 50.8 58.6 R271.8 13.41 18.10 11.20 1963 51.8 92.4 48.2 55.0 R252.4 13.20 17.19 10.58 1964 50.6 104.8 48.5 55.8 R252.2 13.12 18.57 10.64 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 R269.1 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 R295.1 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 R305.1 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 R327.0 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 R338.7 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 R344.6 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 R327.6 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 R352.8 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 R367.8 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 R399.5 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 R467.9 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 R476.7 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 R531.4 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 R611.8 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 R668.8 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 R680.4 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 R767.4 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 R820.0 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 R570.1 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 R482.5 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 R501.2 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 R511.7 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 R382.0 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 R468.6 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 R461.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 R470.2 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 R499.1 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 R442.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 R482.9 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 R535.4 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 R557.4 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 R528.6 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 R632.9 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 R797.2 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 R874.8 156.45 138.42 182.99 2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 R754.6 125.96 138.39 181.83 2001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 R921.3 153.72 172.05 271.63 2002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 1,014.2 194.55 175.78 284.17 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

R=Revised. Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more

recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and i

wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "DevGlossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://api-ec.api.org/nSource: American Petroleum Institute, 2002 Joint Association 
Figure 4.8 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Rese

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2002Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, Expenditures, 1974-2002 Three-Year Moving Average106 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Crude oil equivalent.2 Nominal dollars.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicl

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Re

3.12.

Source: Table 4.8.

U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy Companies-United States

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 

-2

0

2

468

10

-2

Billion Barrels COE1 Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign

Major U.S. Energy

Companies–United States

Majo

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

1020304050

Billion Dollars 2

Major U.S. Energy Companies

–Foreign

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

12

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.8 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,

 and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2002

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids

(million barrels COE 2)

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures

(billion dollars 3)

Expenditur

T

(d

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 4 Major U.S. Energy Companies 4 Ma

United States Foreign United States Foreign United S

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.01976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.61977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.11978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.31979 5,071 1,378 51,208 21.3 7.8 9.31980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.81981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.61982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2 610.61983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.21984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.3 68.21985 6,190 73,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 78.21986 4,866 2,178 51,375 17.4 7.5 6.61987 6,059 73,698 2,516 14.3 9.2 74.51988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.01989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.61990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.81991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.51992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.01993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.61994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.71995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.61998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.11999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.22000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.62001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9 R10.42002 7,056 2,232 2,873 31.8 31.4 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 

See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.

2 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A.

3 Nominal dollars. 4 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.12). 

5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data

for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the Financial Reporting System companies.

7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas res

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976—

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NoPerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reportsReserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, AmePetroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Othe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, VolumU.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 
Figure 4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Explo

Development by Region

Total, 1974-2002 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2002 U.S. Onshore and OffsBy Region, 2002108 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary.3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications. 4 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form 

(FRS). See Table 3.12. • Because vertical scales differ, gra

Source: Table 4.9.

and Former U.S.S.R.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1 Onshore

Offshore

United States

Foreign

31.8

6.7

9.8

1.3

5.1

0.8

6.2

United States Canada OECD2 Europe Eastern Europe Africa Middle East Other E

05

101520253035

Billion Dollars1

Hemis
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration 

 by Region, 1974-2002 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada 

OECD

Europe 2

Eastern

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R. Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 3

Oth

West

Hemisp

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA — NA NA NA N1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA — NA NA NA N1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA — NA NA NA N1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 — 0.7 0.2 0.3 01978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 — 0.8 0.3 0.4 01979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 — 0.8 0.2 0.5 01980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 — 1.4 0.2 0.8 11981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 — 2.1 0.3 1.9 11982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 — 2.1 0.4 2.4 11983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 — 1.7 0.5 2.0 01984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 — 3.4 0.5 2.0 01985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 — 1.6 0.9 1.3 01986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 — 1.1 0.3 1.2 01987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 — 0.8 0.4 2.8 01988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 — 0.8 0.4 1.4 01989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 — 1.0 0.4 2.3 01990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 01991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 — 1.5 0.5 2.4 01992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 01993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 2.5 01994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 0.3 1.4 0.4 2.8 01995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 0.4 2.0 0.4 2.4 01996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 0.5 2.8 0.5 4.1 11997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.0 11998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 0.9 3.9 31999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.4 32000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 0.9 2.7 0.6 6.8 52001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 0.9 5.5 0.7 5.0 32002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 0.8 6.2 1

1 Nominal dollars. 2 The European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, theNetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, and, for 1997forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. 3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications. 4 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top pub

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

Financial Reporting System Database, November 1997. • Major Energy Producers, annual reports.
Figure 4.10 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2002 By Type, 2002By Type, 1949-2002110 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American Gas

Association. EIA=Energy Information Administration.

 • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 4.10.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2002

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1

33

23

Natural Gas Crude Oil 

0

10203040

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.10 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 19

Year

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 1 Billion Barrels COE 2 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 2 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 4.9 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.8 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 4.9 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.2 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.7 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.1 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.1 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.3 1996 22.0 166.5 29.5 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 

1 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural

gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 2 Crude oil equivalent. Natural gas and natural gas liquids are converted to Btu on the basis of annualaverage conversion factors. See Appendix A.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Ga

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum ACrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). Energy Information AdministraOil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual repNatural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2002 Annual Re
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2003

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank112 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 4.11.

119

105

65

34 31 28 23

16 13 12 10

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Short Tons 236 

Western 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

265

1

Bitu- Sub

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons260 238

West of the East of the

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

337

161

Underground Surface

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous mi
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2003

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State Anthracite

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Undergrou

Appalachian .......................................................... 7.3 71.9 23.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 75.9 

 Alabama ............................................................... 0.0 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1  Kentucky, Eastern ................................................ 0.0 1.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5  Ohio ...................................................................... 0.0 17.6 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6  Pennsylvania ........................................................ 7.2 19.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.5  Virginia .................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2  West Virginia ........................................................ 0.0 29.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.7  Other 2 .................................................................. 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 

Interior ................................................................... 0.1 117.6 27.4 0.0 0.0 13.0 117.7 

 Illinois .................................................................... 0.0 88.1 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.1  Indiana .................................................................. 0.0 8.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8  Iowa ...................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7  Kentucky, Western ............................................... 0.0 16.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0  Missouri ................................................................ 0.0 1.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5  Oklahoma ............................................................. 0.0 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2  Texas .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0  Other 3 .................................................................. 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 

Western ................................................................. (s) 22.0 2.4 121.3 60.7 29.5 143.4 

 Alaska ................................................................... 0.0 0.6 0.1 4.8 0.6 (s) 5.4  Colorado ............................................................... (s) 7.9 0.6 3.8 0.0 4.2 11.7  Montana ................................................................ 0.0 1.4 0.0 69.6 32.7 15.8 71.0  New Mexico .......................................................... (s) 2.7 0.9 3.5 5.1 0.0 6.2  North Dakota ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 0.0  Utah ...................................................................... 0.0 5.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3  Washington ........................................................... 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 (s) (s) 1.3  Wyoming ............................................................... 0.0 3.8 0.5 38.7 22.3 0.0 42.5  Other 4 .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 0.0 

U.S. Total ............................................................... 7.5 211.5 53.1 121.3 60.7 43.6 336.9 

 States East of the Mississippi River ..................... 7.3 184.9 44.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 188.8  States West of the Mississippi River .................... 0.1 26.6 8.7 121.3 60.7 42.5 148.1 

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent known measured and indicated coal resources meeting

minimum seam and depth criteria, in the ground as of Januar

totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining tenorthern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent othe United States is estimated to be recoverable. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves D
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 Footage Drilled, Selected Years114 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Source: Table 4.12.

19

10

9

8

28

18

1961 1971 1981 

0

102030

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

Data Begin

in 1958

3

4

3

1

11

11

1961 1971 1981 

048

12

Million Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

102030405060

Million Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA 0.57 NA 0.21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA 0.76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 0.95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1971 28.42 11.40 10.44 4.05 38.86 1972 26.91 11.82 9.71 3.61 36.62 1973 22.56 10.83 11.70 5.59 34.26 1974 27.40 14.72 12.30 6.84 39.70 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 0.72 0.29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 0.77 0.34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 0.97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 0.86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 0.80 3.84 1990 1.51 0.87 1.91 0.81 3.42 1991 1.62 0.97 1.57 0.87 3.20 1992 0.94 0.56 0.83 0.50 1.77 1993 0.36 0.22 1.67 0.89 2.02 1994 0.52 0.34 0.48 0.32 1.00 1995 0.58 0.40 1.73 0.95 2.31 1996 1.12 0.88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 0.89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 0.27 0.18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuc

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, G

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry AnnuaUranium Production Report" (May 2004).
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

Reserves, Million Pounds U308 Reserves and Resources116 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and

Washington.

Note: Data are at end of year.Source: Table 4.13.

NM

AZ

UT

CO

WY

NESDND

TX

CA

OR

WA

ID

NV

566

341

84

582

363

106

23 38 6

Forward Cost Category (dollars per pound)

$30 or Less$50 or Less$100 or Less

170

123

45

Sum of AZ, CO, and UT

40 58 24

Sum of Other States1

Billion Pounds U O3 8

1.3

2.2

3

0.3

0.9

$30 or Less $50 o

(dollars p

Forward Co

0

1

2

3456 Reserves

EstimatedAdditionalResources

SpeculResou
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

 (Million Pounds U3O8)

Resource Category and State

Forward-Cost Category (dollars per pound) 

$30 or Less $50 or Less 

Reserves 2 ......................................................................................................................... 265 890 

 New Mexico .................................................................................................................. 84 341  Wyoming ....................................................................................................................... 106 363  Texas ............................................................................................................................ 6 23  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ............................................................................................... 45 123  Others 3 ........................................................................................................................ 24 40 

Potential Resources 4

 Estimated Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 2,180 3,310  Speculative Resources ................................................................................................... 1,310 2,230 

1 Forward costs are all operating and capital costs (in current dollars) yet to be incurred in the

production of uranium from estimated resources. Excluded are previous expenditures (such as explorationand land acquisitions), taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Generally, forward costs are lower than marketprices. Resource values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level offorward cost includes all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category. 2 The Energy Information Administration category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the internationallyreported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 3 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. 

4 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimate

to the nearest million pounds U3O8.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • U3O8 is uranium oxide. S

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • Forward Costs $30 or Less and $50 or Less—En

Uranium Reserves Estimates" (June 2004). • Forward Costs $Electric and Alternate Fuels database as of June 2004.

Petroleum

5

Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 2. Petroleum Flow, 2003

(Million Barrels per Day)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

a Unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, aviation gasoline blending

components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

b Field production (0.12), net imports (0.71), net change in stocks (-0.03), and reprocessing

(0.01).

c Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.d Unfinished oils requiring further refinery processing, and aviation blending components.

e Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal su

rounding.Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5

February 2004, Table 3.

Crude Oil

Imports

9.65

Other Liquids

Refinery Input 

0.80

a

b

Crude Oil

Refinery

Input

15.30

Crude Oil

Supply

15.38

Crude Oil

Production

5.74

Refinery

Input

16.53

Unaccounted for

Crude Oil

0.01

Crude Oil

Stock

Change

0.08 NGPLe

Refinery

Input

0.42

Processing Gain

0.96

NGPLe

Direct Use

1.30

Refined Productc

Stock Change

0.07

Fuel Ethanol

and Motor Gasoline

Blending Components

0.30

Refinery

Output

17.49

Refined Productsc

Exports

0.95 Other Liquidsa for Reprocessingd

0.01

Refined Productsc

Imports

1.85

0.77

Jet Fuel 1.57

2.07 Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Residual

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Consumption

20.04

Resid

Distillate

Fuel Oil

3.94

Other 2.76
Figure 5.1 Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2003 Overview, 2003Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2003 Trade, 1949-2003122 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Approximate representation of petroleum consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production; refinery processing gains; and field

production of other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, oxygenates (ethers and alcohols), gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 8.8 12.3

1.0

Domestic Supply 2 Imports Exports 

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day Domestic Supply2 Products Supplied1

Net Imports

5.74 in

2003

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Peak: 9.64

in 1970

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Impo

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Exports
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Production

Other

Domestic

Supply 2

Trade

Stoc

Chang

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

48 States Plant Liquids Total Imports Exports Net Imports 1 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 -2 645 327 318 -1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 2 850 305 545 -51955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 34 1,248 368 880 (s) 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 146 1,815 202 1,613 -81965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 220 2,468 187 2,281 -1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 359 3,419 259 3,161 101971 9,245 218 9,463 1,693 11,155 382 3,926 224 3,701 71972 9,242 199 9,441 1,744 11,185 388 4,741 222 4,519 -231973 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 483 6,256 231 6,025 131974 8,581 193 8,774 1,688 10,462 516 6,112 221 5,892 171975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,008 497 6,056 209 5,846 31976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 515 7,313 223 7,090 -51977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 575 8,807 243 8,565 541978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 549 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 571 8,456 471 7,985 171980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 641 6,909 544 6,365 141981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 558 5,996 595 5,401 161982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 583 5,113 815 4,298 -141983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 541 5,051 739 4,312 -21984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 599 5,437 722 4,715 281985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 612 5,067 781 4,286 -101986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 674 6,224 785 5,439 201987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 703 6,678 764 5,914 41988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 708 7,402 815 6,587 -21989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 722 8,061 859 7,202 -41990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 763 8,018 857 7,161 101991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 807 7,627 1,001 6,626 -11992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 900 7,888 950 6,938 -61993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 1,020 8,620 1,003 7,618 151994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 1,025 8,996 942 8,054 11995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 1,078 8,835 949 7,886 -241996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 1,150 9,478 981 8,498 -151997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 1,192 10,162 1,003 9,158 141998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 1,267 10,708 945 9,764 231999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 1,262 10,852 940 9,912 -422000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 1,325 11,459 1,040 10,419 -62001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 1,287 11,871 971 10,900 322002 R4,761 984 R5,746 R1,880 R7,626 R1,374 R11,530 R984 R10,546 R-102003P 4,763 974 5,737 1,717 7,454 1,384 12,254 1,017 11,237 4

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Refinery processing gains (refinery production minus refinery inputs), and field production of finished

motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

3 A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase. 

Distillate stocks in the "Northeast Heating Oil Reserve" are not included.

4 "Unaccounted for" represents the difference between crude oil supply and disposition.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and

Petroleum Consumption," Note 2, "Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," and Note 3,

"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied 

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2003

By Geographic Location By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity124 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

Total

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

Total

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) 48 States1 Alaska Offshore Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day48 States1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1960 1970 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

1985: 647

thousand wells

2003: 520

thousand wells

Peak: 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day, Except as Noted)

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

48 States 2 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil

Lease

Condensate

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 5 ( ) 6,342 1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 5 ( ) 6,807 1956 7,151 0 6,951 201 7,151 5 ( ) 7,151 1957 7,170 0 6,940 229 7,170 5 ( ) 7,170 1958 6,710 0 6,473 236 6,710 5 ( ) 6,710 1959 7,053 1 6,779 274 7,054 5 ( ) 7,054 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 5 ( ) 7,035 1961 7,166 17 6,817 365 7,183 5 ( ) 7,183 1962 7,304 28 6,888 444 7,332 5 ( ) 7,332 1963 7,512 29 7,026 515 7,542 5 ( ) 7,542 1964 7,584 30 7,027 587 7,614 5 ( ) 7,614 1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 5 ( ) 7,804 1966 8,256 39 7,473 823 8,295 5 ( ) 8,295 1967 8,730 80 7,802 1,009 8,810 5 ( ) 8,810 1968 8,915 181 7,808 1,287 8,660 436 9,096 1969 9,035 203 7,797 1,441 8,778 460 9,238 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 1971 9,245 218 7,779 1,684 9,032 431 9,463 1972 9,242 199 7,780 1,660 8,998 443 9,441 1973 9,010 198 7,592 1,616 8,784 424 9,208 1974 8,581 193 7,285 1,489 8,375 399 8,774 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 5 ( ) 8,688 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 5 ( ) 8,879 1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 5 ( ) 8,971 1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 5 ( ) 8,680 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 5 ( ) 8,349 1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 5 ( ) 8,140 1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 5 ( ) 7,613 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 5 ( ) 7,355 1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 5 ( ) 7,417 1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 5 ( ) 7,171 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 5 ( ) 6,847 1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 5 ( ) 6,662 1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 5 ( ) 6,560 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 5 ( ) 6,465 1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 5 ( ) 6,452 1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 5 ( ) 6,252 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 5 ( ) 5,881 2000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,822 5 ( ) 5,822 2001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,801 5 ( ) 5,801 2002 R4,761 984 R3,743 R2,003 R5,746 5 ( ) R5,746 2003 P4,763 P974 E3,657 E2,080 P5,737 5 ( ) P5,737 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 As of December 31. 4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in

1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year. 5 Included in "Crude Oil."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

infomation.

Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,

Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual

reports. • 2003—EIA estimate. Offshore: • 1954-1969—U

Shelf Statistics (June 1979). • 1970-1975—Bureau of MinStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—EIA, EneAnnual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, Petroleum Suppestimate. Producing Wells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Daannual reports. • 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Associain Your State. • 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet• 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum • 1981-2002—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2004).
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2003 By Selected Product, 1949-2003By Product, 2003126 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, other hydrocarbons/oxygenates (ethers and

alcohols), kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke,special naphthas, wax, and miscellaneous products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day Total Crude Oil Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil 

Petroleum

Products

517

360 359

335 325

219

109

Motor Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Distillate Residual LPG1 Jet Fuel Asp

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day

Gasoline Blending Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

Components

R
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 4

Motor

Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Prod

Propane 

3 Total

1949 421 3 5 2 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 1950 487 5 7 2 ( ) 0 0 (s) 6 ( ) 329 21 1955 782 9 12 2 ( ) 0 0 13 6 ( ) 417 15 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 6 ( ) 637 45 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 6 ( ) 946 92 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 6 ( ) 1,528 108 1971 1,681 20 153 180 32 70 59 6 ( ) 1,583 124 1972 2,216 25 182 194 43 89 68 6 ( ) 1,742 125 1973 3,244 23 392 212 71 132 134 6 ( ) 1,853 137 1974 3,477 31 289 163 59 123 204 6 ( ) 1,587 121 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 6 ( ) 1,223 36 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 6 ( ) 1,413 32 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 6 ( ) 1,359 31 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 6 ( ) 1,355 27 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 6 ( ) 1,151 59 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 6 ( ) 939 55 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 2002 R9,140 27 R267 R107 R145 R183 R498 R311 R249 R410 R2003P 9,646 12 335 109 162 219 517 360 325 359 

1 Includes any imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents.

5 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline andspecial naphthas.

6 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and terr

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petr

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry 

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratioStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, Pe• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2003 Selected Countries, 2003Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2003 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2003128 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

0.9

Canada Saudi Mexico Vene- Nigeria 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela

Nigeria

Arabia

Iraq

zuela 

Canada

Norway

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 3

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 17 0 84 911 1,314 120 40 16 0 (s) 500 1961 346 25 0 73 879 1,286 190 28 40 0 1 631 1962 272 2 0 74 906 1,265 250 24 49 0 2 816 1963 303 1 0 108 900 1,283 265 23 48 0 3 839 1964 315 1 0 131 933 1,361 299 26 47 0 (s) 898 1965 345 16 15 158 994 1,476 323 42 48 0 (s) 992 1966 306 26 11 147 1,018 1,471 384 40 45 0 6 1,102 1967 198 5 5 92 938 1,259 450 32 49 0 11 1,278 1968 202 5 9 74 886 1,302 506 33 45 0 28 1,538 1969 179 5 49 65 875 1,336 608 43 43 0 20 1,830 1970 121 5 50 30 989 1,343 766 20 42 0 11 2,076 1971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 857 9 27 0 10 2,253 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,063 1,108 5 21 0 9 2,678 1973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 1,325 9 16 1 15 3,263 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,280 1,070 5 8 1 8 2,832 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 846 9 71 17 14 2,454 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 599 21 87 36 31 2,247 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 517 17 179 50 126 2,614 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 467 20 318 104 180 2,612 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 538 18 439 75 202 2,819 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 455 4 533 144 176 2,609 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 447 1 522 119 375 2,672 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 482 5 685 102 456 2,968 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 547 10 826 66 382 3,189 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 630 8 748 114 402 3,388 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 770 23 816 32 310 3,237 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 807 87 699 60 350 3,387 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 848 148 655 80 352 3,617 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 999 134 747 67 315 3,882 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 931 172 767 138 215 3,921 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 934 182 755 102 189 3,721 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 1,033 163 807 82 138 3,535 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 1,069 126 830 127 230 3,796 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 1,181 171 919 142 350 4,347 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 1,272 161 984 202 458 4,749 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 1,332 219 1,068 273 383 4,833 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 1,424 234 1,244 313 308 5,267 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 1,563 271 1,385 309 226 5,593 1998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 1,598 354 1,351 236 250 5,803 1999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 1,539 468 1,324 304 365 5,899 2000 2,487 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 1,807 342 1,373 343 366 6,257 2001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 1,828 296 1,440 341 324 6,343 2002 R2,269 R459 R621 R1,552 R1,398 R4,605 R1,971 R260 R1,547 R393 R478 R6,925 R2003P 2,484 470 873 1,772 1,385 5,175 2,068 191 1,639 255 428 7,079 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Ecuador withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992. Through 1992, Ecuador is included in "Total

OPEC"; beginning in 1993, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC." Gabon withdrew from OPEC onDecember 31, 1994. Through 1994, Gabon is included in "Total OPEC"; beginning in 1995, Gabon isincluded in "Total Non-OPEC."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from

refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from M

imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdminisDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-200reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2003 By Selected Product 1949-2003By Product, 2003130 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day

Residual Fuel Oil

Coke Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Gasoline Nap

361

197

125

106

53

35 26 2

Petroleum Residual Motor Distillate LPG1 Lubricants Jet Fuel Spe

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Propane 

2 Total

1949 91 34 1 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 1950 95 35 1 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 2 84 10 54 4 1971 1 8 4 13 26 43 5 74 14 36 4 1972 1 3 3 18 31 41 1 85 13 33 4 1973 2 9 4 15 27 35 4 96 19 23 5 1974 3 2 3 14 25 33 2 113 15 14 4 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 2002 9 112 15 R55 R67 33 124 337 0 177 15 2003P 12 106 26 36 53 35 125 361 0 197 21 

1 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts."

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 4 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. 

Notes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and terri

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2003 By Selected Country, 1960-2003By Selected Country, 2003132 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

J

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day Exports to Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Barrels per Day Canada 

and

Luxembourg

226

139

69

39 39

27

15 13 10 9 

Mexico Canada Japan Italy Spain Brazil Netherlands Belgium South Virgin Is. 

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Barrels per Day

Korea and 

Puerto Ric
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

I

P

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1961 4 4 23 4 5 59 12 4 NA NA 10 1962 3 5 21 3 5 54 14 5 NA NA 8 1963 9 4 22 4 8 58 19 13 NA NA 11 1964 4 4 27 4 8 56 24 9 NA NA 10 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 R74 R254 23 11 54 12 2003P 13 27 139 9 39 69 226 15 10 39 6 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC134 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

NonOPEC

Saudi Arabia

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day Venezuela

Total

Share of

Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

2003: 56.1%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

255075

100

Percent

1985: 27.3%
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2003

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Tota

Impo

Shar

Consum

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 3

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA NA 0 84 910 1,311 86 -2 -12 34 302 1,613 161961 NA NA 0 73 878 1,283 167 27 -10 42 460 1,743 171962 NA NA 0 74 905 1,210 229 35 -6 40 703 1,913 181963 NA NA 0 108 899 1,282 243 29 -7 43 632 1,915 171964 NA NA 0 131 932 1,359 272 23 -9 45 698 2,057 181965 NA NA 15 158 994 1,475 297 21 -11 45 806 2,281 191966 NA NA 11 147 1,018 1,470 352 6 -6 58 904 2,375 191967 NA NA 5 92 937 1,258 400 13 -51 89 972 2,230 171968 NA NA 9 74 886 1,302 468 15 13 143 1,307 2,609 191969 NA NA 49 65 875 1,336 564 10 7 186 1,598 2,933 201970 NA NA 50 30 989 1,343 736 9 -1 270 1,817 3,161 211971 NA NA 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 241972 NA NA 251 189 959 2,061 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,458 4,519 271973 NA NA 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 341974 NA NA 713 461 978 3,277 1,038 -27 1 475 2,615 5,892 351975 NA NA 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 351976 NA NA 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 401977 NA NA 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 461978 NA NA 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 421979 NA NA 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 431980 NA NA 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 371981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 331982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 281983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 281984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 301985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 271986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 331987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 351988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 381989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 411990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 421991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 391992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 401993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 441994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 451995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 441996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 461997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 491998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 511999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 502000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 522001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 552002 R2,265 R264 R620 R1,551 R1,387 R4,589 R1,864 R1,292 R467 R224 R5,958 R10,546 R532003P 2,479 397 872 1,771 1,372 5,157 1,929 1,413 422 279 6,080 11,237 56

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Ecuador withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992. Through 1992, Ecuador is included in "Total

OPEC"; beginning in 1993, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC." Gabon withdrew from OPEC onDecember 31, 1994. Through 1994, Gabon is included in "Total OPEC"; beginning in 1995, Gabon isincluded in "Total Non-OPEC." 4 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied(consumption). 5 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum productsupplied (consumption).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum product

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Midimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Year

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004
Figure 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2003

Refinery Input Refinery Output of Selected Products136 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Source: Table 5.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

048

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 198

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

M

D

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

 and Other Liquids
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery Input 1 Refinery Output 2

Crude

Oil 

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 3

Total

Input

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 4 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 1950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 4 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 1955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 1960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 1965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 1970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 1971 11,199 781 136 12,116 454 2,495 835 357 5,970 299 753 474 1972 11,696 826 168 12,691 446 2,630 847 356 6,281 327 799 507 1973 12,431 815 155 13,401 480 2,820 859 375 6,527 362 972 518 1974 12,133 746 138 13,018 470 2,668 836 338 6,358 339 1,070 521 1975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,236 523 1976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 1977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 1983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 1984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 1985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 1986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 1987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 1988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 1989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 1990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 1991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 1992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 1993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 1994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 1995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 1996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 1997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 1998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 1999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 2000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 2001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 2002 R14,947 R429 R941 R16,316 R492 R3,592 R1,514 R671 R8,183 R781 R601 R667 2003P 15,303 419 804 16,525 496 3,714 1,488 657 8,196 798 663 701 

1 See "Refinery Input" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery Output" in Glossary. 3 Through 1980, includes unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen; beginning in 1981,

includes unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates. See Note 2, "Adjustment toTotal Petroleum Products Supplied," at end of section.

4 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 6 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, als

naphthas.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per daNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2003

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity138 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Source: Table 5.9.

324 in 1981

68.6% 

149 in 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

Gross Input to Distillation Units

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units

Unused

Capacity
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Operable Refineries

Gross Input to

Distillation Units 3

(thousand barrels per day)

Number 

1

Capacity 2

(thousand barrels per day)

1949 336 6,231 5,556 1950 320 6,223 5,980 1955 296 8,386 7,820 1960 309 9,843 8,439 1965 293 10,420 9,557 1970 276 12,021 11,517 1971 272 12,860 11,881 1972 274 13,292 12,431 1973 268 13,642 13,151 1974 273 14,362 12,689 1975 279 14,961 12,902 1976 276 15,237 13,884 1977 282 16,398 14,982 1978 296 17,048 15,071 1979 308 17,441 14,955 1980 319 17,988 13,796 1981 324 18,621 12,752 1982 301 17,890 12,172 1983 258 16,859 11,947 1984 247 16,137 12,216 1985 223 15,659 12,165 1986 216 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 13,003 1988 213 15,915 13,447 1989 204 15,655 13,551 1990 205 15,572 13,610 1991 202 15,676 13,508 1992 199 15,696 13,600 1993 187 15,121 13,851 1994 179 15,034 14,032 1995 175 15,434 14,119 1996 170 15,333 14,337 1997 164 15,452 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,113 1999 159 16,261 15,080 2000 158 16,512 15,299 2001 155 16,595 15,369 2002 153 16,785 R15,180 2003P 149 16,757 15,505 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Capacity on January 1. 3 See Note 4, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is derived by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the currentyear January 1 capacity and the following year January 1 capacity. Percentages were derived fromunrounded numbers. Beginning in 1981, utilization is derived by averaging reported monthly utilization.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: Operable Refineries: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines Information Circular, "Petroleum

Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States." 

Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual repoAdministration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum RefineriePetroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2003—EIA, PetroleInput to Distillation Units: • 1949-1966—Bureau of Mines, and "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapters. Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports. Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. TerritorieAnnual, annual reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply MUtilization: • 1949-1980—Calculated. • 1981-2002—EIA, • 2003—Calculated.
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2003 By Product, 2003By Selected Product, 1949-2003140 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.10.

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

NGPL1

625

505

275

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Is

Norm

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day Penta
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pe

P

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 1971 25 221 88 249 586 1,144 1972 21 275 92 249 600 1,215 1973 16 296 92 249 587 1,225 1974 7 323 92 244 569 1,227 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 1988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 1989 5 ( ) 466 149 151 471 1,237 1990 5 ( ) 477 151 149 474 1,250 1991 5 ( ) 530 169 150 487 1,336 1992 5 ( ) 541 189 137 499 1,365 1993 5 ( ) 556 192 142 513 1,402 1994 5 ( ) 559 195 136 510 1,400 1995 5 ( ) 573 185 151 519 1,428 1996 5 ( ) 627 192 150 525 1,494 1997 5 ( ) 637 191 144 528 1,499 1998 5 ( ) 607 181 148 513 1,450 1999 5 ( ) 675 187 155 529 1,547 2000 5 ( ) 717 188 160 539 1,605 2001 5 ( ) 692 198 133 538 1,562 2002 5 ( ) R700 201 131 R549 R1,581 2003P 5 ( ) 625 182 130 505 1,442 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

5 Beginning in 1989, data for finished petroleum products production from natural gas processing plants

are not available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, MineraAnnual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information APetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2003By Product, 2003 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2003

142 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, natural gasoline, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special napthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

L

8.9

3.9

2.1

1.6

0.8 0.5

2.3

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Asphalt Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

and

Road Oil

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil O

Propane 2 Total 

1949 157 93 902 1 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 1950 180 108 1,082 1 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 1960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 1971 458 49 2,661 1,010 249 794 1,251 135 6,014 219 2,296 1972 468 46 2,913 1,045 235 893 1,420 144 6,376 241 2,529 1973 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1974 481 44 2,948 993 176 830 1,406 155 6,537 239 2,639 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 2000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 2001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 2002 R512 18 R3,776 R1,614 43 R1,248 2,163 151 R8,848 R463 R700 R2003P 503 18 3,937 1,574 55 1,210 2,068 141 8,937 454 772 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel.

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel.

5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applNotes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Pet

to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes ASupplied Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2003 1949-2003By Product, 2003 By Selected Product, 1949-2003144 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

40%

 in 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Peak

47% in 1978

46% in 1973

Moto

Motor 

Total Petroleum

Fuel Oil

37% in 1949

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

17.0

8.4

3.3 2.7

1.8 1.2

4.7

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 

Propane 

2 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 1 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 1950 435 199 2,300 1 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 1955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 1960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 1965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1971 1,108 90 5,658 2,061 515 1,111 1,723 299 11,532 481 5,269 1972 1,137 85 6,210 2,141 487 1,254 1,955 320 12,259 532 5,820 1973 1,264 83 6,575 2,167 447 1,221 1,981 359 12,797 573 6,477 1974 1,165 82 6,267 2,030 365 1,163 1,914 344 12,535 524 6,056 1975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 1976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 1977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 1978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 1979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 1980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 1981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 1982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 1983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 1984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 1985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 1986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 2,009 315 13,487 590 3,255 1987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 2,153 356 13,816 657 2,901 1988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 1989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 1991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 2,227 324 13,781 722 2,657 1992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 1993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 1994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 1995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 1996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 1997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 1998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 1999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 2000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 2002 R1,240 34 R8,028 R3,340 R90 1,747 2,852 334 R16,819 R1,018 R1,605 R2003P 1,217 33 8,370 3,257 113 1,695 2,739 313 16,983 998 1,772 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel.

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applicNotes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petr

to Total Petroleum Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes AfSupplied Statistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pet

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2003By Sector, 2003 End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1949 and 146 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

1015

Million Barrels per DayTransportation

Residential and Commercial1

Industrial1

0.9 0.4

5.0

13.2

0.5

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

25

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2003

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2003

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Notes: • See related Figure 5.13a. • Because vertica

compared.

Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
148 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Y

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Res

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 

1949 329 140 90 559 4 ( ) 104 104 19 16 48 NA 4 ( ) 1950 390 168 112 670 4 ( ) 123 123 23 20 52 NA 4 ( ) 1955 562 179 155 896 4 ( ) 177 177 24 27 69 NA 4 ( ) 1960 736 171 234 1,140 4 ( ) 232 232 23 41 35 NA 4 ( ) 1965 805 161 296 1,263 4 ( ) 251 251 26 52 40 NA 4 ( ) 1970 883 144 420 1,447 4 ( ) 276 276 30 74 45 NA 4 ( ) 1971 892 143 425 1,460 4 ( ) 280 280 27 75 44 NA 4 ( ) 1972 936 131 456 1,523 4 ( ) 296 296 27 81 45 NA 4 ( ) 1973 942 110 435 1,487 4 ( ) 303 303 31 77 45 NA 4 ( ) 1974 867 89 401 1,357 4 ( ) 280 280 26 71 43 NA 4 ( ) 1975 850 78 389 1,316 4 ( ) 276 276 24 69 46 NA 4 ( ) 1976 932 89 404 1,425 4 ( ) 308 308 21 71 50 NA 4 ( ) 1977 938 81 397 1,416 4 ( ) 318 318 25 70 52 NA 4 ( ) 1978 917 74 386 1,377 4 ( ) 313 313 26 68 56 NA 4 ( ) 1979 765 64 264 1,093 4 ( ) 274 274 38 47 54 NA 4 ( ) 1980 617 51 242 911 4 ( ) 243 243 20 43 56 NA 4 ( ) 1981 540 41 234 815 4 ( ) 215 215 34 41 48 NA 4 ( ) 1982 494 46 224 764 4 ( ) 207 207 15 40 46 NA 4 ( ) 1983 435 41 267 743 4 ( ) 306 306 54 47 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 42 220 774 4 ( ) 345 345 45 39 56 NA 4 ( ) 1985 514 77 249 839 4 ( ) 297 297 16 44 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 243 825 4 ( ) 293 293 24 43 55 NA 4 ( ) 1987 544 57 269 870 4 ( ) 286 286 24 48 58 NA 4 ( ) 1988 558 69 267 894 4 ( ) 281 281 13 47 57 NA 4 ( ) 1989 546 57 299 901 3 267 270 13 53 53 0 2 1990 460 31 276 767 3 249 252 6 49 58 0 3 1991 438 35 295 768 2 241 243 6 52 44 0 2 1992 460 31 288 779 1 236 238 5 51 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 303 797 2 230 232 7 53 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 298 781 3 233 236 9 53 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 306 767 2 223 225 11 54 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 358 835 2 225 227 10 63 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 349 805 3 206 209 12 62 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 329 744 2 199 202 15 58 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 404 847 2 204 206 13 71 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 427 897 2 228 230 14 75 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 406 879 3 236 239 15 72 20 (s) 2 2002 E421 RE28 E429 E878 2 E234 E236 E9 E76 E20 (s) 1 2003 E438 E35 E410 E883 P3 E242 E245 E11 E72 E20 P (s) P2 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 1, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other 

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, anAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-2001—EIA, "State EnergU.S. Tables 8 and 9. • 2002 and 2003—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fue

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 1950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 1955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 1960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 1965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 1970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 1971 458 5 ( ) 596 596 80 715 69 143 5 ( ) 211 211 5 ( ) 705 1972 468 5 ( ) 648 648 77 846 73 132 5 ( ) 233 233 5 ( ) 765 1973 522 5 ( ) 691 691 75 902 88 133 5 ( ) 254 254 5 ( ) 809 1974 481 5 ( ) 633 633 61 901 85 123 5 ( ) 230 230 5 ( ) 753 1975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 1976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 1977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 1978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 1979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 1980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 1981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 1982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 1983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 1984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 28 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 1985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 1986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 1987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 1988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 1989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 58 121 1990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 64 115 1991 444 12 495 507 6 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 1992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 1993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 1994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 1995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 1996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 1997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 1998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 1999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 2000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 2001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 2002 RE512 6 E597 E603 E7 RE1,647 E78 E159 R21 RE362 RE383 37 RE61 2003 E503 P9 E617 E626 E8 E1,575 E73 E161 P19 E356 E375 P38 E55 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 1, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and P

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/state

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and Energy In• 1960-2001—EIA, "State Energy Data 2001: Consumption" 2003—EIA estimates.
150 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, Select

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Transportation

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Residual

Kerosene Type Total Fuel Oil 

1

1949 93 190 0 1 ( ) 1 54 2,241 504 1950 108 226 0 1 ( ) 2 64 2,433 524 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 440 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 367 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 336 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 332 1971 49 800 751 1,010 37 67 5,827 305 1972 46 910 779 1,021 38 71 6,199 280 1973 45 1,045 825 1,042 35 74 6,496 317 1974 44 1,036 757 979 33 71 6,372 304 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 310 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 358 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 396 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 431 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 535 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 1981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 531 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 444 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 358 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 351 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 379 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 392 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 399 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 423 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 443 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 447 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 465 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 393 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 385 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 397 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 370 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 310 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 294 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 290 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 386 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 255 2002E 18 2,455 R1,621 R1,614 10 73 R8,668 R281 2003E 18 2,550 1,580 1,574 10 69 8,756 269 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. 2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry 

annual reports, and Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimData 2001: Consumption" (April 2004), U.S. Table 11. • 2002 and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, Selected Years, 1949-200

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only CHP Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Res

Fue

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 9 1971 94 8 992 1,095 NA NA NA NA 94 8 1972 146 9 1,203 1,358 NA NA NA NA 146 9 11973 129 7 1,406 1,542 NA NA NA NA 129 7 11974 146 9 1,324 1,478 NA NA NA NA 146 9 11975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1 11976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1 11977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1 11978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 5 11979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 11980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 11981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 3 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 3 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 5 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 6 1989 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 7 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 13 1992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 20 1993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 36 1994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 32 1995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 37 1996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 36 1997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 46 1998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 56 1999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 51 2000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 45 2001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 47 2002 R59 R54 R281 R394 1 R26 R6 R33 R60 R80 R2003P 73 56 372 500 5 23 7 35 78 79 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of petroleu

8.6a-8.6c for the amount of petroleum used to produce useful tProducts Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, a

data for "Total."
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2003

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

152 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

Distillate Fuel Oil

LPG2

Asphalt and

Road Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Sele

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 132 1,121 221 39 23 92 NA 1950 829 347 164 1,340 262 47 29 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 227 1,792 377 51 40 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 343 2,265 494 48 61 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 434 2,481 534 54 77 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 579 2,755 587 61 102 86 NA 1971 1,897 295 585 2,777 595 55 103 84 NA 1972 1,996 271 628 2,895 632 55 111 87 NA 1973 2,003 227 595 2,825 644 65 105 87 NA 1974 1,844 184 546 2,573 596 55 96 83 NA 1975 1,807 161 528 2,495 587 49 93 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 549 2,720 656 44 97 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 533 2,695 676 52 94 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 516 2,620 666 55 91 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 355 2,114 584 78 63 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 325 1,748 518 41 57 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 311 1,543 457 69 55 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 296 1,441 440 30 52 88 NA 1983 924 85 352 1,362 651 111 62 102 NA 1984 1,091 88 290 1,468 735 93 51 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 327 1,578 631 33 58 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 323 1,556 623 50 57 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 360 1,634 607 49 63 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 356 1,690 600 26 63 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 402 1,679 574 28 71 102 0 1990 978 64 365 1,407 536 12 64 111 0 1991 930 72 389 1,392 517 12 69 85 0 1992 980 65 382 1,427 507 11 68 80 (s) 1993 974 76 399 1,448 493 14 70 30 (s) 1994 960 65 395 1,420 501 19 70 25 (s) 1995 905 74 404 1,383 479 22 71 18 (s) 1996 926 89 473 1,488 483 21 84 27 (s) 1997 874 93 461 1,428 444 25 81 43 (s) 1998 772 108 434 1,314 429 31 77 39 (s) 1999 828 111 534 1,473 438 27 94 28 (s) 2000 905 95 564 1,563 491 30 99 45 (s) 2001 908 95 535 1,539 508 31 94 37 (s) 2002E 896 57 566 1,519 R502 19 100 R39 (s) 2003E 931 72 544 1,546 521 24 96 39 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
154 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-200

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 117 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 147 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 310 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 489 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 688 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 964 155 288 446 1,624 1971 1,108 1,266 165 984 152 275 463 1,618 1972 1,137 1,381 160 1,164 163 254 513 1,761 1973 1,264 1,469 156 1,233 195 255 558 1,858 1974 1,165 1,346 126 1,227 187 235 506 1,728 1975 1,014 1,339 119 1,144 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 1,216 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 1,232 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 1,233 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 1,700 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 1,577 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 1,551 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 1,598 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 1,537 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 58 1,691 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 1,690 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 1,603 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 1,709 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 1,772 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 1,748 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 1,608 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 1,749 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 1,860 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 1,794 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 1,997 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 2,019 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 2,089 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 2,134 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 2,048 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 2,256 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 2,271 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 2,054 174 295 858 203 2002E R1,240 1,282 14 2,172 172 303 R842 R224 2003E 1,217 1,332 18 2,087 161 306 824 214 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/c

Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

 Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector E

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Pet

Kerosene Type Total 

2

1949 172 405 0 2 ( ) 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 1950 199 480 0 2 ( ) 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 1955 354 791 0 301 14 155 6,175 1,009 8,800 32 1960 298 892 188 739 20 152 7,183 844 10,126 22 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 33 149 8,386 770 11,868 29 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 1971 90 1,701 1,554 2,061 50 147 11,173 701 15,923 200 1972 85 1,941 1,617 2,091 52 158 11,918 645 16,891 310 1973 83 2,222 1,707 2,131 48 163 12,455 727 17,831 273 1974 82 2,202 1,566 2,001 44 156 12,217 697 17,399 309 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 42 155 12,485 711 17,614 226 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 45 172 13,107 824 18,506 243 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 48 172 13,464 908 19,241 283 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 52 184 13,927 990 20,041 276 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 21 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 17 172 12,383 1,398 19,008 169 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 32 165 12,379 1,219 18,811 124 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 32 150 12,312 1,020 18,420 89 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 38 157 12,482 821 18,593 96 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 40 168 12,600 807 19,020 88 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 28 156 12,784 786 19,471 85 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 26 153 13,174 870 20,182 83 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 21 173 13,499 901 20,816 90 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 22 167 13,802 919 21,567 109 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 22 171 13,749 971 21,706 152 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 22 176 13,575 1,016 21,625 97 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 20 157 13,503 1,026 21,373 84 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 18 161 13,699 1,070 21,674 74 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 19 163 14,126 901 22,072 86 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 32 171 14,293 883 22,603 120 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 17 168 14,607 911 23,069 108 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 15 163 14,837 851 23,647 109 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 13 172 14,999 712 23,917 111 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 17 180 15,463 674 24,537 136 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 13 182 15,855 665 25,218 140 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 11 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 13 164 16,041 586 25,556 171 2002 E34 RE5,221 RE3,354 RE3,340 E14 E162 RE16,477 RE646 RE25,894 R127 2003 E33 E5,422 E3,269 E3,257 E13 E152 E16,638 E617 E26,131 P165 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas tu

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small 

5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam 

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2002

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use156 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.15.

On-Highway

Diesel

Commercial

Farm

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day Residential

Distillate Fuel Oil

1985 1990 19

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual Fuel Oil

Vessel

 Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Industrial Commercial

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential

1985 1990 19

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2002

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-

D

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 1986 528 296 175 41 218 38 186 127 1,169 47 1987 534 280 184 40 196 37 186 122 1,185 46 1988 554 279 167 41 206 47 201 130 1,304 54 1989 564 279 178 45 219 58 211 147 1,378 56 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 

Residual Fuel Oil Kerose

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 1986 130 263 52 610 384 E7 15 1,462 59 24 7 1987 123 217 44 537 398 10 3 1,332 57 24 6 1988 125 211 36 616 413 8 4 1,413 69 13 8 1989 117 174 24 632 469 6 2 1,424 57 13 8 1990 99 147 21 566 413 7 2 1,255 31 6 4 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other."

E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand

barrels per day. 

Notes: • All historical data are revised due to a change from "adjusted sales" to "sales" (unadjusted)

data. Data in this table in the Annual Energy Review 2002 (Table 5.13) were adjusted so that the totals fordistillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene equaled the total product supplied for those fuels (see Table

5.11). Data in the current table are "sales" (unadjusted) data fro

Form EIA-821, "Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report," anHighway Administration. • Totals may not equal sum of compon

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1984—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 

• 1985-1997—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, annual reporOil and Kerosene Sales 2002 (November 2003), Tables 1-3.
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total, Crude Oil1, and Products, 1949-2003 Total Stocks and the Strategic Petroleum ReseBy Type, 2003158 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).2 See Figure 5.17 for additional Strategic Petroleum Reserve Information.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical s

compared.

Sources: Table 5.16.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Crude Oil1

Products Non-SPR Sto

906

207

137

94 76

39 3

Crude Oil1 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,000

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Petroleum Gases Oils Fue
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

Strategic

Petroleum

Reserve

Other

Primary Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 4

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Low Sulfur 

1 Total Propane 3 Total

1949 0 253 253 NA 75 2 ( ) 6 ( ) 1 110 60 66 1950 0 248 248 NA 72 2 ( ) 6 ( ) 2 116 41 70 1955 0 266 266 NA 111 3 6 ( ) 7 165 39 68 1960 0 240 240 NA 138 7 6 ( ) 23 195 45 62 1965 0 220 220 NA 155 19 6 ( ) 30 175 56 89 1970 0 276 276 NA 195 28 6 ( ) 67 209 54 99 1971 0 260 260 NA 191 28 6 ( ) 95 219 60 101 1972 0 246 246 NA 154 25 6 ( ) 86 213 55 95 1973 0 242 242 NA 196 29 65 99 209 53 99 1974 0 265 265 NA 200 29 69 113 218 60 106 1975 0 271 271 NA 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 1976 0 285 285 NA 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 1977 7 340 348 NA 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 1978 67 309 376 NA 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 1979 91 339 430 NA 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 1980 108 358 466 NA 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 1981 230 363 594 NA 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 1982 294 350 644 NA 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 1983 379 344 723 NA 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 1984 451 345 796 NA 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 1985 493 321 814 NA 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 1986 512 331 843 NA 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 1987 541 349 890 NA 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 1988 560 330 890 NA 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 1989 580 341 921 NA 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 1990 586 323 908 NA 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 1991 569 325 893 NA 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 1992 575 318 893 NA 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 1993 587 335 922 64 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 1994 592 337 929 73 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 1995 592 303 895 67 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 1996 566 284 850 68 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 1997 563 305 868 68 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 1998 571 324 895 77 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 1999 567 284 852 69 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 2000 541 286 826 72 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 2001 550 312 862 82 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 2002 599 278 877 81 134 R39 53 106 R209 31 76 2003P 638 268 906 82 137 39 49 94 207 38 76 

1 Sulfur content of 0.05 percent or less by weight. 2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components. Through 1963, also includesaviation gasoline and special naphthas.

5 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneousproducts. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviationgasoline and special naphthas.

6 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Distillate stocks in th

included. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, P• 2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2004).
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2003

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR Stocks as Days’ Worth of Net Imports2 SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks160 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Notes: • SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. • Because v

not be compared.

Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400500600700

Million Barrels

638 in 2003

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 

1978 1983 1988 1

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 57

52 50

57 57

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2003

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity 3

Share of

Crude Oil 4

Stocks

(percent)

1977 7.54 0.00 60.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 0.00 (s) 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 0.00 28.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 0.00 3.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 0.00 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 0.00 2.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.91 0.00 585.69 64.5 1991 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.22 0.00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 0.00 6.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.67 63.7 1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.64 66.1 1996 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 25.82 0.90 565.82 66.6 1997 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.00 563.43 64.9 1998 0.00 7.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 0.00 1.42 0.00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 0.00 2.29 0.00 733.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 0.00 7.64 0.00 0.00 599.09 68.3 2003 0.00 22.94 0.00 16.40 0.00 0.00 638.39 70.4 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the Department of Energyand exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels deliveredto SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification requirements ofSPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil Receipts, Imported byOthers," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic Crude Oil Receipts,Exchanges."

3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground

storage.

4 Includes lease condensate stocks. 5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding. 6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior 

7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil s

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well aHome Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petro

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Oil Receip

Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished dataInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petro• 1981-2002—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2004).
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal Prices, 1949-2003

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2003

162 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

2 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal Prices

1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250300

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Pric

ANS2

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS2 

California

ANS2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 N

1949 — — — — — — 1950 — — — — — — 1955 — — — — — — 1960 — — — — — — 1965 — — — — — — 1970 — — — — — — 1971 — — — — — — 1972 — — — — — — 1973 — — — — — — 1974 — — — — — — 1975 — — — — — — 1976 — — — — — — 1977 26.29 2,R14.71 7.92 R18.53 8.58 R20.07 1978 5.21 R11.39 8.58 R18.75 9.29 R20.30 1979 10.57 R21.33 12.78 R25.79 12.65 R25.53 1980 16.87 R31.22 23.87 R44.17 21.84 R40.41 1981 23.23 R39.29 26.80 R45.33 35.06 R59.30 1982 19.92 R31.76 24.58 R39.19 31.77 R50.65 1983 17.69 R27.13 22.61 R34.67 29.35 R45.01 1984 17.91 R26.47 22.09 R32.65 28.87 R42.67 1985 16.98 R24.36 22.14 R31.76 26.80 R38.44 1986 6.45 R9.05 11.90 R16.70 14.73 R20.67 1987 10.83 R14.80 13.92 R19.02 17.55 R23.98 1988 8.43 R11.14 10.97 R14.49 14.71 R19.43 1989 12.00 R15.28 14.06 R17.90 17.81 R22.67 1990 15.23 R18.67 17.81 R21.83 22.37 R27.42 1991 11.57 R13.70 13.72 R16.25 19.04 R22.55 1992 11.73 R13.58 13.55 R15.69 18.32 R21.21 1993 10.84 R12.27 12.11 R13.70 16.19 R18.32 1994 9.77 R10.82 12.12 R13.43 14.98 R16.60 1995 11.12 R12.07 14.00 R15.20 16.38 R17.78 1996 15.32 R16.32 16.72 R17.82 20.31 R21.64 1997 14.84 R15.55 15.78 R16.54 18.66 R19.56 1998 8.47 R8.78 9.55 R9.90 12.28 R12.73 1999 12.46 R12.73 14.08 R14.39 17.29 R17.67 2000 23.62 R23.62 24.82 R24.82 28.60 R28.60 2001 18.18 R17.76 20.11 R19.64 23.41 R22.87 2002 19.37 R18.63 21.87 R21.04 23.77 R22.87 2003P 23.78 22.50 26.43 25.01 29.13 27.57 

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

2 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 5, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1974 through January 1976—Federal E"Crude Petroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 19"Domestic Crude Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978 foPetroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2004), Table 21.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2003 By Selected Country, 2003By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2003 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2003164 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Based on October, November, and December data only.2 Nominal dollars.

Source: Table 5.19

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

31.00 30.62 30.49

27.33 

Nigeria United Norway Saudi C

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

Arabia

Nigeria

Kingdom

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel Venezuela Saudi Arabia

United Kingdom

Mexico

Canada
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2003

 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

K

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 W 5.33 W NA NA 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 12.48 11.48 W W NA 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 11.81 12.84 6 ( ) 12.61 12.80 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 12.71 13.36 6 ( ) 12.64 13.74 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.04 14.13 6 ( ) 13.82 14.93 1978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.07 14.41 6 ( ) 13.56 14.68 1979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 21.06 20.22 6 ( ) 20.77 22.55 1980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 1981 34.61 NA 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 36.84 32.32 6 ( ) 33.70 38.70 1982 34.94 NA 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 33.08 27.15 6 ( ) 28.63 34.70 1983 29.37 NA 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 29.31 25.63 6 ( ) 25.78 30.72 1984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 28.49 26.56 6 ( ) 26.85 30.05 1985 25.50 NA 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 27.39 25.71 6 ( ) 25.63 28.32 1986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 14.09 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 1987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 18.20 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 1988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 14.48 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 1989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 18.36 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 1990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 1991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 19.90 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 1992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 19.36 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 1993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 17.40 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 1994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 16.36 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 1995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 1996 R20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 21.86 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 1997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 20.24 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 1998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 13.37 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 1999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 18.37 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 2000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 29.57 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 2001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 25.13 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 2002 R24.13 R23.04 R26.45 R24.77 R21.93 R23.83 R25.43 R22.98 R25.28 22.09 R26.60 2003P 27.41 26.76 31.00 27.33 25.68 27.60 30.08 26.77 30.56 25.49 30.49 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995.

5 Based on October, November, and December data only. 6 No data reported.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: • This table reports landed costs of crude oil imports only; it does not account for refined

petroleum products imported into the United States. • Data incl

Reserve, which began in 1977. • See "Crude Oil Landed Costof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1973 through September 1977—Federal Ene

"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1977 through January (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • FebrForm ERA-51, "Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982 throuForeign Crude Oil Transaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EOil Acquisition Report."
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2003 Totals, 2003By Selected Country, 2003166 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. • Because vertical scales

differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

Billion Dollars1

$97 billion in 2003

97

46

51

Total OPEC Non-OPEC 

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars1

17.2

15.1 14.8

11.2

9.5

4.0 3.9

2.0 

Saudi Arabia Canada Mexico Venezuela Nigeria Angola United Kingdom Kuwait 

048

12

1620

Billion Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2003

 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

K

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 W 1.9 W W NA 1974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 0.2 3.3 NA W W 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 0.3 2.8 NA 0.3 0.1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 (s) 1.8 W 0.4 0.2 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 0.1 1.4 NA 0.9 0.3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 0.8 27.1 (s) 1.3 NA 1.6 0.6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 0.3 2.0 NA 3.3 0.6 1980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 0.5 2.2 NA 5.9 1.9 1981 15.1 NA 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 0.6 1.9 NA 5.8 1.6 1982 8.4 W 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 0.5 2.1 NA 6.7 1.3 1983 4.3 W 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 0.8 2.6 NA 7.2 0.7 1984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 0.9 3.3 NA 6.5 1.2 1985 2.3 W 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 1.0 4.4 NA 6.7 0.3 1986 3.8 0.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 0.5 2.8 0.3 2.8 0.3 1987 6.0 0.5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 1.2 3.8 0.8 3.7 0.5 1988 6.7 0.4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 1.1 3.4 0.6 3.1 0.3 1989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 1.9 3.9 0.9 4.3 0.9 1990 13.5 0.5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 1.9 4.8 1.1 4.9 0.7 1991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 1.8 4.7 0.9 4.4 0.6 1992 10.5 0.2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 2.4 5.0 0.7 4.5 0.9 1993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 2.1 5.0 0.9 4.4 0.9 1994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 1.9 5.3 0.8 4.8 1.2 1995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 2.3 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 1996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 2.8 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 1997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 3.1 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 1998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 2.3 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 2.4 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 2000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 3.2 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 2001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 2.9 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 2002 R19.5 1.8 R5.7 13.7 9.6 R35.5 R3.0 R12.1 R2.2 R12.1 R3.4 2003P 24.1 2.0 9.5 17.2 11.2 46.1 4.0 15.1 1.8 14.8 1.8 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995.

5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.5, which are data from U.S.

Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to avoid

disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values 

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and vol

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Petroleu• 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petro• 1981-2002—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2004).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2003

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs168 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be 

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars per Barrel (Nominal)

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

Real1

Imported

Domestic

Nominal

Nominal

Real1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal

Real1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2003

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported 

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal 

1968E 3.21 R12.88 2.90 R11.64 3.17 1969E 3.37 R12.89 2.80 R10.71 3.29 1970E 3.46 R12.57 2.96 R10.75 3.40 1971E 3.68 R12.73 3.17 R10.96 3.60 1972E 3.67 R12.17 3.22 R10.67 3.58 1973E 4.17 R13.09 4.08 R12.81 4.15 1974 7.18 R20.68 12.52 R36.05 9.07 1975 8.39 R22.08 13.93 R36.66 10.38 1976 8.84 R21.99 13.48 R33.54 10.89 1977 9.55 R22.34 14.53 R33.99 11.96 1978 10.61 R23.19 14.57 R31.84 12.46 1979 14.27 R28.80 21.67 R43.74 17.72 1980 24.23 R44.83 33.89 R62.71 28.07 1981 34.33 R58.07 37.05 R62.67 35.24 1982 31.22 R49.77 33.55 R53.49 31.87 1983 28.87 R44.27 29.30 R44.93 28.99 1984 28.53 R42.17 28.88 R42.69 28.63 1985 26.66 R38.24 26.99 R38.72 26.75 1986 14.82 R20.80 14.00 R19.65 14.55 1987 17.76 R24.26 18.13 R24.77 17.90 1988 14.74 R19.47 14.56 R19.24 14.67 1989 17.87 R22.75 18.08 R23.02 17.97 1990 22.59 R27.69 21.76 R26.67 22.22 1991 19.33 R22.89 18.70 R22.14 19.06 1992 18.63 R21.57 18.20 R21.07 18.43 1993 16.67 R18.86 16.14 R18.26 16.41 1994 15.67 R17.36 15.51 R17.18 15.59 1995 17.33 R18.82 17.14 R18.61 17.23 1996 20.77 R22.13 20.64 R21.99 20.71 1997 19.61 R20.55 18.53 R19.42 19.04 1998 13.18 R13.66 12.04 R12.48 12.52 1999 17.90 R18.29 17.26 R17.64 17.51 2000 29.11 R29.11 27.70 R27.70 28.26 2001 24.33 R23.77 22.00 R21.49 22.95 2002 24.65 R23.71 R23.71 R22.81 R24.10 2003P 29.76 28.16 27.71 26.22 28.50 

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1968-1973—Energy Information Administration (E

oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the averagthe U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. • 197Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost AllocatioDecember 1977—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Moforward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2004), Table 
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003

To Resellers To End Users170 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal value. Source: Table 5.22.

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

102030405060708090

100110120

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding TaxesMotor Gasoline, Average

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

Motor Gasoline,

Average

No. 2

Distillate,

Average

Propane

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

102030405060708090

100110120

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes Propane No. 2 Distillate, Average
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003

 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 85.9 85.0 95.0 106.3 100.1 99.1 96.5 93.3 97.5 105.5 106.5 91.2 100.7  Motor Gasoline ............................... 58.9 57.7 65.4 78.6 69.9 67.7 62.6 59.9 62.6 71.3 70.0 52.6 64.5  Leaded Regular ............................ 56.5 54.8 63.1 75.4 65.7 69.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 56.9 54.8 61.8 75.8 67.2 64.5 59.3 56.6 59.3 68.5 67.3 49.9 62.0  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA 68.6 81.4 73.3 70.8 66.0 63.8 67.0 75.9 74.9 57.6 69.6  Premium ....................................... 67.1 67.2 74.9 87.4 79.2 77.4 72.2 69.5 72.2 80.3 79.2 61.7 72.6  Kerosene ........................................ 59.2 54.9 66.9 83.9 72.2 63.2 60.4 61.8 58.0 71.4 65.3 46.5 55.0  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 53.8 49.5 58.3 77.3 65.0 60.5 57.7 53.4 53.9 64.6 61.3 45.0 53.3  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 59.9 54.9 66.8 83.8 73.0 65.2 64.6 61.5 62.5 75.1 72.3 51.3 63.4  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 53.1 47.3 56.6 69.5 61.8 58.5 55.9 52.2 53.0 65.3 60.2 43.9 53.6  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 52.7 47.3 56.5 69.7 62.2 57.9 54.4 50.6 51.1 63.9 59.0 42.2 49.3  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 53.4 47.3 56.7 69.4 61.5 59.1 57.0 52.9 53.8 65.9 60.6 44.4 54.6  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 46.2 42.5 48.0 59.0 55.6 49.5 48.8 46.2 46.3 60.3 55.1 38.3 43.0  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 38.5 30.0 36.0 41.3 31.4 30.8 29.3 31.7 36.3 42.0 38.7 28.0 35.4  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 41.2 33.3 40.7 47.2 36.4 35.1 33.7 34.5 38.3 45.6 41.5 29.9 38.2  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 36.2 27.1 33.1 37.2 29.2 28.6 25.6 28.7 33.8 38.9 36.6 26.9 32.9  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 25.2 24.0 24.7 38.6 34.9 32.8 35.1 32.4 34.4 46.1 41.6 28.8 34.2 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 90.7 89.1 99.5 112.0 104.7 102.7 99.0 95.7 100.5 111.6 112.8 97.5 105.9  Motor Gasoline ............................... 66.9 67.3 75.6 88.3 79.7 78.7 75.9 73.8 76.5 84.7 83.9 67.3 78.1  Leaded Regular ............................ 61.8 61.9 71.0 83.1 71.5 78.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 65.0 64.1 71.4 84.9 76.1 74.3 71.2 68.9 71.7 80.7 79.8 63.0 74.2  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA 79.2 92.1 84.3 82.7 80.5 78.5 80.8 89.6 89.5 72.8 83.5  Premium ....................................... 78.4 78.8 86.7 98.5 90.7 91.4 88.9 86.5 89.0 97.2 97.3 80.5 90.6  Kerosene ........................................ 77.0 73.8 70.9 92.3 83.8 78.8 75.4 66.0 58.9 74.0 74.5 50.1 60.5  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 54.3 51.3 59.2 76.6 65.2 61.0 58.0 53.4 54.0 65.1 61.3 45.2 54.3  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 60.4 56.4 66.1 81.9 74.0 66.6 66.6 64.0 62.0 72.6 68.9 55.1 62.1  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 55.6 50.7 58.5 72.6 65.0 62.0 60.2 55.6 56.0 68.0 64.2 49.2 58.0  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 58.1 54.4 58.7 73.4 66.5 62.7 60.2 57.2 56.2 67.3 63.6 48.2 55.8  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 55.1 50.0 58.5 72.5 64.8 61.9 60.2 55.4 56.0 68.1 64.2 49.4 58.4  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 51.3 46.1 51.2 62.2 58.0 52.6 50.1 50.1 50.5 60.3 56.5 42.8 47.4  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 42.3 33.4 38.5 44.4 34.0 33.6 33.7 35.2 39.2 45.5 42.3 30.5 37.4  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 44.7 37.2 43.6 50.5 40.2 38.9 39.7 40.1 43.6 52.6 48.8 35.4 40.5  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 39.6 30.0 34.4 40.0 30.6 31.2 30.3 33.0 37.7 43.3 40.3 28.7 36.2  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 70.1 71.4 61.5 74.5 73.0 64.3 67.3 53.0 49.2 60.5 55.2 40.5 45.8 

Refiner Margins 4

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 16.3 22.8 22.6 25.7 24.5 23.8 23.5 22.8 21.6 22.0 24.7 22.8 22.8  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 11.2 14.6 15.5 24.4 19.6 16.5 18.6 16.3 12.9 15.3 16.0 15.2 11.6  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 10.4 12.4 13.8 16.6 16.4 14.6 16.8 15.1 12.0 16.0 14.9 14.1 11.9  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -4.1 -5.0 -6.8 -11.6 -14.0 -13.2 -9.8 -5.4 -4.8 -7.2 -6.6 -1.8 -6.3  Composite 5 .................................... 13.8 18.7 18.8 22.1 20.7 19.8 19.0 19.8 18.1 19.4 20.0 19.5 18.9 

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil and the price to resellers.

5 Composite of aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet fuel, kero

2, and 4, and residual fuel oil.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1987-2002—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 200
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2003

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane172 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal value.2 Not applicable.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Because vertical sca

compared.

Source: Table 5.23.

113 111 108 114 118 119

100 98 95 103 106 106 

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0

50

100150

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Regular Midgrade

Reformulated

Regular

Oxygenated

Regular

Conventional

Motor Gasoline Regular

106

136

101 102 99

7

89

(2)

89 90 87

67

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual 

0

306090

120150

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

(

2

)

Fuel Oil Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel Fuel, Low Sulfur Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1987-2003

 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 59.2 58.0 65.8 78.9 70.8 68.0 62.8 60.2 63.0 71.5 70.3 53.0 64.5  Unleaded Regular ......................... 57.2 55.1 62.3 76.2 68.2 64.9 59.7 57.1 59.9 68.9 67.7 50.4 62.1  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 56.5 58.3 67.2 65.8 48.4 59.6  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.7 66.2 74.5 75.4 57.5 69.0  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.2 64.6 73.3 72.5 55.1 67.6  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA 69.1 82.3 74.4 71.3 66.4 64.1 67.3 76.0 75.1 57.9 69.4  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.3 65.1 73.7 72.3 55.0 65.8  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.9 71.1 78.9 79.1 59.9 69.5  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 72.2 71.9 80.2 80.1 63.2 75.8  Premium ....................................... 67.4 67.5 75.2 87.7 80.0 77.6 72.2 69.6 72.4 80.4 79.4 61.8 72.4  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.6 69.5 77.7 76.4 58.7 68.8  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 75.7 78.7 85.1 85.6 67.4 77.9  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.9 77.9 85.1 84.5 67.1 78.7  No. 2 Distillate ................................ 53.5 48.2 57.2 70.6 62.7 59.1 56.6 52.9 53.6 66.0 61.1 45.0 53.8  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53.8 54.6 66.7 61.6 45.4 55.2  Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54.2 55.1 67.3 61.9 45.7 55.7  High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 51.9 52.4 63.9 60.2 43.7 51.9  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 39.9 31.5 37.8 43.4 33.0 32.6 30.1 32.2 36.6 42.7 39.6 28.4 35.5  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 42.0 34.1 41.5 48.1 37.9 36.8 34.1 35.0 38.3 46.1 42.4 30.5 38.2  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 38.1 28.2 34.0 38.8 29.7 30.0 27.2 29.8 34.4 39.7 37.5 27.1 33.3  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.6 35.4 47.1 42.6 29.7 35.4 

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 67.7 68.0 76.8 89.9 81.1 78.7 75.3 72.9 76.1 84.3 83.1 66.0 76.2  Unleaded Regular ......................... 66.3 65.5 73.2 87.0 78.0 75.0 71.4 69.0 72.1 80.9 79.7 62.3 72.8  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.5 71.4 80.1 78.5 61.0 70.8  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 73.7 77.3 86.1 88.7 69.4 78.2  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 74.3 74.1 83.3 82.2 65.1 77.7  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA NA 82.4 79.2 77.0 80.2 88.5 88.0 71.1 81.2  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.6 79.3 87.4 86.5 69.5 78.7  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 82.1 83.8 92.9 96.4 76.3 85.3  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 85.1 82.9 91.6 91.5 74.8 86.9  Premium ....................................... 78.0 78.6 87.4 99.6 91.9 90.6 87.5 85.2 88.3 96.2 95.5 78.6 88.0  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 84.6 87.1 95.0 93.9 76.9 85.6  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 90.8 93.8 101.9 105.4 84.5 94.0  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 93.7 91.4 99.1 98.8 82.2 93.1  No. 2 Distillate ................................ 64.3 61.2 69.5 84.1 76.0 72.6 71.0 67.5 67.3 79.3 75.3 59.9 67.8  No. 2 Distillate to Residences 3 .... 80.3 81.3 90.0 106.3 101.9 93.4 91.1 88.4 86.7 98.9 98.4 85.2 87.6  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.8 63.6 75.7 71.4 56.2 65.4  Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 64.2 64.5 76.7 71.9 56.5 66.3  High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 59.8 61.4 73.2 69.8 55.5 62.0  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 42.6 33.9 39.3 45.5 34.7 34.6 34.1 35.8 39.7 46.4 42.9 31.1 37.8  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 44.9 37.3 43.6 51.2 40.0 39.4 39.3 40.3 43.3 52.9 47.2 35.6 40.6  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 39.9 30.6 35.1 40.5 31.1 31.9 31.2 32.7 37.6 43.0 40.7 29.2 36.6  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 77.6 76.6 88.6 87.8 77.4 78.1 

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 See Note 6, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1987-2002—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2003—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 200
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2003 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2003 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-174 Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

3 Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) areas are ozone nonatt

Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of refo

4 All grades, in chained (2000) dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.000.751.502.253.00

Dollars per Gallon

1.52

1.66

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.000.501.001.502.00

Dollars per Gallon (Nominal) $1.64 in 2003 (Nominal) Real1

Gasoline Areas2 Gasoline Areas3 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium

Leaded Regular

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.000.501.001.502.00

Dollars per Gallon (Nominal)

1980 1985 1990 

0.60.81.0

1.2

1.41.61.8

Index: 1978=1.0

Unleaded

Regular
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gas

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades Conventional

Gasoline

Areas 3,4

Reform

Gas

Area

Nominal Real 

2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2

1949 0.27 R1.64 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1950 0.27 R1.62 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1955 0.29 R1.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1960 0.31 R1.48 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1965 0.31 R1.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1970 0.36 R1.30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1971 0.36 R1.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1972 0.36 R1.20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1973 0.39 R1.22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1974 0.53 R1.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1975 0.57 R1.49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1976 0.59 R1.47 0.61 R1.53 NA NA NA NA NA N1977 0.62 R1.46 0.66 R1.53 NA NA NA NA NA N1978 0.63 R1.37 0.67 R1.46 NA NA 0.65 R1.43 NA N1979 0.86 R1.73 0.90 R1.82 NA NA 0.88 R1.78 NA N1980 1.19 R2.20 1.25 R2.30 NA NA 1.22 R2.26 NA N1981 1.31 R2.22 1.38 R2.33 1.47 R2.49 1.35 R2.29 NA N1982 1.22 R1.95 1.30 R2.07 1.42 R2.26 1.28 R2.04 NA N1983 1.16 R1.77 1.24 R1.90 1.38 R2.12 1.23 R1.88 NA N1984 1.13 R1.67 1.21 R1.79 1.37 R2.02 1.20 R1.77 NA N1985 1.12 R1.60 1.20 R1.72 1.34 R1.92 1.20 R1.72 NA N1986 0.86 R1.20 0.93 R1.30 1.09 R1.52 0.93 R1.31 NA N1987 0.90 R1.23 0.95 R1.30 1.09 R1.49 0.96 R1.31 NA N1988 0.90 R1.19 0.95 R1.25 1.11 R1.46 0.96 R1.27 NA N1989 1.00 R1.27 1.02 R1.30 1.20 R1.52 1.06 R1.35 NA N1990 1.15 R1.41 1.16 R1.43 1.35 R1.65 1.22 R1.49 NA N1991 NA NA 1.14 R1.35 1.32 R1.56 1.20 R1.42 1.10 N1992 NA NA 1.13 R1.31 1.32 R1.52 1.19 R1.38 1.09 N1993 NA NA 1.11 R1.25 1.30 R1.47 1.17 R1.33 41.07 N1994 NA NA 1.11 R1.23 1.31 R1.45 1.17 R1.30 1.07 N1995 NA NA 1.15 R1.25 1.34 R1.45 1.21 R1.31 1.10 61.1996 NA NA 1.23 R1.31 1.41 R1.51 1.29 R1.37 1.19 1.1997 NA NA 1.23 R1.29 1.42 R1.48 1.29 R1.35 1.19 1.1998 NA NA 1.06 R1.10 1.25 R1.30 1.12 R1.16 1.02 1.1999 NA NA 1.17 R1.19 1.36 R1.39 1.22 R1.25 1.12 1.2000 NA NA 1.51 R1.51 1.69 R1.69 1.56 R1.56 1.46 1.2001 NA NA 1.46 R1.43 1.66 R1.62 1.53 R1.50 1.38 1.2002 NA NA 1.36 R1.31 R1.56 R1.50 1.44 R1.39 1.31 1.2003 NA NA 1.59 1.51 1.78 1.68 1.64 1.55 1.52 1.

1 Nominal dollars. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table

D1.

3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 4 For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 5 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

6 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, C

"Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Pla

Edition. • 1974 forward—Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.SGasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages oRegular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weightOn-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Totalpetroleum products supplied is the sum of the products supplied for each petroleumproduct, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each ofthese, except crude oil, product supplied is calculated by adding refineryproduction, natural gas plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock additions, refinery inputs, andexports. Crude oil product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and atpipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813, “Monthly Crude Oil Report.”Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline pump stations was reportedas either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for theseproducts. Petroleum product supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” inSection 1 and in Tables 5.13a-d. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables5.13a-d for products used in more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimateconsumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (see Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electricpower sector petroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied. Accurate calculation of the quantity of petroleum products supplied to the domestic market iscomplicated by the recycling of products at the refinery, the renaming of productsinvolved in a transfer, and the receipt of products from outside the primary supplysystem. Beginning in 1981, a single adjustment (always a negative quantity) is madeto total product supplied to correct this accounting problem. The calculation of this

adjustment, called “reclassified,” involves only unfinished oils and gasoline blending components. It is the sum of their net changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity; net additions is a minus quantity) plus imports minus net inputto refineries.Note 3. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several Energy Information Administration surveyforms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments inrefinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those changesaffect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fuel

oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gachanges, motor gasoline production during the last haged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which Distillate and residual fuel oil production and prowould have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,0the numbers that were published.Note 4. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The mto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries. For 1967-1973, GIannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate. For 1974-1980, GIDU 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly dNote 5. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pripurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-19first purchase values as reported by State agencies aMines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted apurchases.Note 6. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1986 were formerly published iThose data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; and 198data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of Labor Statistics, Fuels and Utilities for Residential Usage,” month1977—Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-PSupply/Price Monitoring Report”; October 1977–Dmation Administration (EIA), Form EIA-9, “No. 2 Htoring Report”; 1978 forward—EIA, Petroleum Mark

176 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Natural Gas

6

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 3. Natural Gas Flow, 2003

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

a Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors, and a small

quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal surounding.Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2003 Overview, 2003Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2003180 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20031 Dry gas.2 For all years, includes underground storage; for 1980-2002, also includes liquefied natural gas

stored in above-ground tanks.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.1.

Production1

Additions to Storage2

Net Imports

Withdrawals from Storage2

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

19.1

3.9

Production1 Imports Ex

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Imports Exports Net Imports 2 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 3 

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 1971 21,610 NA 935 80 854 1,508 1,839 -332 1972 21,624 NA 1,019 78 941 1,757 1,893 -136 1973 21,731 NA 1,033 77 956 1,533 1,974 -442 1974 20,713 NA 959 77 882 1,701 1,784 -84 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 2001 R19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 R3,510 -1,166 2002 R18,964 R68 R4,015 516 R3,499 R3,180 R2,712 469 2003P 19,106 65 3,928 692 3,236 3,095 3,288 -193 

1 For all years, includes underground storage; for 1980-2002, also includes liquefied natural gas stored

in above-ground tanks. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 3 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater thanwithdrawals.

4 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

5 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Deliveries toNonutilities, 1989-1992" at end of section. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a p

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplementa

Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), aMonthly (NGM) (March 2004), Table 2. Trade: Table 6.3. St2000 (November 2001), Table 94. • 1998-2002—EIA, • 2003—EIA, NGM (March 2004), Table 9. Balancing Item: production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net wit
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2003 Production Flow, 2003

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2003

182 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Dry Gas

Production

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

0.4

Vented

and Flared

0.1

Repressuring

3.7

Marketed

Production

20.1

Gross

Withdrawals

24.3

17.9

Natural Gas 

05

101520

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wells 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1971 18,925 5,163 24,088 1,310 NA 285 22,493 1972 19,043 4,974 24,016 1,236 NA 248 22,532 1973 19,372 4,696 24,067 1,171 NA 248 22,648 1974 18,669 4,181 22,850 1,080 NA 169 21,601 1975 17,380 3,723 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 R18,129 R6,371 R24,501 R3,371 R463 R97 R20,570 2002 R17,728 R6,249 R23,977 R3,455 R502 R99 R19,921 2003 E17,896 E6,369 P24,265 P3,716 P385 P95 P20,070 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids. Natural gas plant liquids are

transferred to petroleum supply.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Natural Gas Wells and Crude Oil Wells: • 

Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-1997—Energy InfoAnnual (NGA), annual reports. • 1998-2002—EIA, NGA 200estimates. All Other Data: • 1949-1997—EIA, NGA 200forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2004), Table 1. 
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2003Trade, 2003 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20184 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20031 Liquefied natural gas.2 Pipeline and liquefied natural gas.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago1

Imports by Country of Origin

Imports from Canada

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Total Imports

4.2% 

3.42

0.38

0.05 0.05 0.01

0.33 0.29

0.06

Canada Trinidad Algeria1 Nigeria1 Qatar1 Mexico2 Canada Japan1

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

05

101520

Percent

Exports by

Country of Destination
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destination 

Algeria 2 Australia 2 Canada 3 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Oman 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Total 4 Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 Tot

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 1955 0 0 11 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 1960 0 0 109 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 1965 0 0 405 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 1970 1 0 779 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 1971 1 0 912 21 0 0 0 0 935 14 50 16 1972 2 0 1,009 8 0 0 0 0 1,019 16 48 15 1973 3 0 1,028 2 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 1974 0 0 959 (s) 0 0 0 0 959 13 50 13 1975 5 0 948 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 1976 10 0 954 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 1977 11 0 997 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 1978 84 0 881 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 1979 253 0 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 1980 86 0 797 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 1981 37 0 762 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 1982 55 0 783 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 1983 131 0 712 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 1984 36 0 755 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 1985 24 0 926 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 1986 0 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 750 9 50 2 1987 0 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 1988 17 0 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 1989 42 0 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 11990 84 0 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 1991 64 0 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 11992 43 0 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 21993 82 0 2,267 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 11994 51 0 2,566 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 11995 18 0 2,816 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 11996 35 0 2,883 14 0 0 0 0 2,937 52 68 34 11997 66 10 2,899 17 0 0 0 0 2,994 56 62 38 11998 69 12 3,052 15 0 0 0 0 3,152 40 66 53 11999 76 12 3,368 55 0 0 20 51 3,586 39 64 61 12000 47 6 3,544 12 13 10 46 99 3,782 73 66 106 22001 65 2 3,729 10 38 12 23 98 3,977 167 66 141 32002 27 0 R3,785 2 8 3 35 151 R4,015 189 63 263 52003P 53 0 3,421 0 50 9 14 378 3,928 294 64 333 6

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981 and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998. 

4 Included in the total but not shown separately are liquefied natural gas imports from Indonesia in

1986 and 2000; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000; Malaysia in 1999, 2002, and 2003; and Brunei in2002.

5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://w

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natu

Sources: • 1949-1954—Energy Information Administration (EIA

Natural Gas Division, unpublished data. • 1955-1971—EIA, Fed• 1972-1987—EIA, Form FPC-14, "Annual Report for Impo• 1988-1997—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • 19(March 2004), Tables 5 and 6.
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2003

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity186 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.4.

Onshore

Total

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250300350400

Thousands

3

Offshore

Peak productivity: cubic feet per day p

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

1015

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well Other States Texas1 Federal GOM2 Oklahoma
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Na

State Location

Total

Gross

Withdrawals

From

Natural Gas We

Texas 

1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of Mexico 2 Onshore 3 Offshore 4

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 1961 7,020 3,571 1,160 3,710 2 ( ) 15,142 318 15,460 11,195 1962 7,199 3,854 1,222 3,764 2 ( ) 15,587 452 16,039 11,702 1963 7,452 4,250 1,347 3,924 2 ( ) 16,409 564 16,973 12,606 1964 7,622 4,515 1,423 3,975 2 ( ) 16,914 622 17,536 13,106 1965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 1966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 1967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 1968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 1969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 1970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 1971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 1972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 1973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 1974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 1975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 1976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 1977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 1978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 1979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 1980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 1981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 1982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 1983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 1984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 1985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 1986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 1987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 1988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 1989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 1990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 1991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 1992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 1993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 1994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 1995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 1996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 1997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 1998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 1999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 2000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 2001 R5,752 R1,525 1,615 R10,542 R5,066 R19,364 R5,137 R24,501 R18,129 2002 R5,661 R1,382 R1,551 R10,674 R4,709 R19,200 R4,777 R23,977 R17,728 2003 E5,712 E1,464 E1,593 E10,582 E4,914 E19,279 E4,986 P24,265 E17,896 

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning in

1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."

2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these gross

withdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals.

5 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey

Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receiptpredecessor annual reports. • 1986-1997—Energy Informatio(NGA), annual reports. • 1998-2002—EIA, NGA 2002 (JanuaTotal (Gross Withdrawals): • 1960-1997—EIA, NGA 20forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2004), Table 1. Awithdrawals from natural gas wells divided by the number onumber of days in the year. All Other Data: • 1960-1966—BConsumption. • 1967-2002—EIA, NGA, annual reports aestimates.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2003By Sector, 2003 End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1950 and 188 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Electric Power3

Transportation2

Com

Residential

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Pipeline and vehicle fuel.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose 

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Source: Table 6.5.

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

5.1

3.1

8.1

0.6

4.9

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

23

14

37

21

7

59

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

100

Percent

1950 200

Power3 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Electr

Residential

Commercial Industrial Transportation

CHP Total 2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipeline

Fuel 6

Vehicle

Fuel Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 7 ( ) 348 348 835 8 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 4,421 550 1950 1,198 7 ( ) 388 388 928 8 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 5,138 629 1955 2,124 7 ( ) 629 629 1,131 8 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 7,540 1,153 1960 3,103 7 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 8 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 10,242 1,725 1965 3,903 7 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 8 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 12,959 2,321 1970 4,837 7 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 8 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 17,208 3,932 1971 4,972 7 ( ) 2,509 2,509 1,414 8 ( ) 8,181 8,181 9,594 743 NA 743 17,817 3,976 1972 5,126 7 ( ) 2,608 2,608 1,456 8 ( ) 8,169 8,169 9,624 766 NA 766 18,125 3,977 1973 4,879 7 ( ) 2,597 2,597 1,496 8 ( ) 8,689 8,689 10,185 728 NA 728 18,389 3,660 1974 4,786 7 ( ) 2,556 2,556 1,477 8 ( ) 8,292 8,292 9,769 669 NA 669 17,780 3,443 1975 4,924 7 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 8 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 16,380 3,158 1976 5,051 7 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 8 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 16,866 3,081 1977 4,821 7 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 8 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 16,329 3,191 1978 4,903 7 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 8 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 16,439 3,188 1979 4,965 7 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 8 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 16,750 3,491 1980 4,752 7 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 8 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 16,196 3,682 1981 4,546 7 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 8 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 15,764 3,640 1982 4,633 7 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 8 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 14,776 3,226 1983 4,381 7 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 8 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 13,924 2,911 1984 4,555 7 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 8 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 14,839 3,111 1985 4,433 7 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 8 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 14,237 3,044 1986 4,314 7 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 8 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 13,619 2,602 1987 4,315 7 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 8 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 14,367 2,844 1988 4,630 7 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 8 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 15,394 2,636 1989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 95,903 96,816 7,886 629 NA 629 16,014 92,791 1990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 95,963 97,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 15,929 92,794 1991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 96,170 97,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 16,246 92,822 1992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 R1,107 9,R6,420 97,527 8,698 588 2 590 16,780 92,829 1993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 R1,124 R6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 17,317 2,755 1994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 R1,176 R6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 17,345 3,065 1995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 R1,258 R6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 17,970 3,288 1996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 18,802 2,824 1997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 18,673 3,039 1998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 17,658 3,544 1999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 1012 657 17,586 3,729 2000 4,996 85 R3,098 R3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 1013 655 R18,127 4,093 2001 R4,771 79 R2,944 R3,023 R1,119 1,310 R6,035 R7,344 R8,463 R625 1015 R640 R16,896 4,164 2002 R4,890 R74 3,029 R3,103 R1,114 R1,240 R6,316 R7,557 R8,671 R667 1015 R682 R17,346 R4,258 2003P 5,101 71 3,058 3,129 1,123 1,138 5,829 6,967 8,090 635 1015 650 16,970 3,611 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to thepublic. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only." 2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants. 3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP." 9 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted inboth "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 1, "Natural Gas Deliveries to Nonutilities,1989-1992" at end of section.

10 For 1999 forward, vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.7. These revisions, in

million cubic feet, are: 1999—10,313; 2000—11,365; 2001—13,646; 2002—15,657; and 2003—18,339.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be

identified separately. • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of natural gas used to produce electricity and

Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to prod

"Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. • Beginning with base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure banot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease 

• 1949-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA), NaturaTable 95 • 1998 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGMTotal: • 1949-1992—EIA, NGA 2000 (November 2001), Tab"Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to CoTable 3. • 1998 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2004), Table 3. V2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1995—Scien"Alternative Transportation Fuels and Vehicles Data DevelopmEIA (McLean, VA, July 1996) and U.S. Department of Energy, Energy. • 1996—EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and 2003), Table 3. • 1998 forward—EIA, NGM (March 2004), TCHP: Table 8.7c. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2003

TotalBase Gas and Working Gas End-of-Year Storage as a Share of Total Consu190 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003Notes: • Storage is at end of year. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not becompared. • Working- and base-gas component data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and1961.

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) Working Gas Base Gas

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

4

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

1020304050

Percent

Base Gas

Working Gas
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Base Gas 1 Working Gas 

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA 1956 NA NA 919 NA NA 583 NA 1957 NA NA 1,001 NA NA 673 NA 1958 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 708 NA 1959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA 1994 4,317 44 4,360 2,536 70 2,606 6,853 1995 4,290 60 4,349 2,082 72 2,153 6,371 1996 4,277 64 4,341 2,087 85 2,173 6,364 1997 4,283 67 4,350 2,092 83 2,175 6,375 1998 4,259 67 4,326 2,626 104 2,730 6,884 1999 4,314 69 4,383 2,423 100 2,523 6,738 2000 4,282 70 4,352 1,647 72 1,719 5,929 2001 4,224 77 4,301 2,789 115 2,904 7,013 2002 4,265 75 4,340 2,273 102 2,375 6,539 2003P 4,229 76 4,305 2,440 125 2,565 6,668 

1 Includes native gas.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Storage is at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of

14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas 

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage RepAdministration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas StoragCommission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report(NGM), monthly reports. • 2002 and 2003—EIA, NGM (March 2
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2003 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2003Wellhead, 1949-2003 Imports, 1972-2003192 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.

See Table D1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.7.

Impo

4.98

5.86

5.16

Wellhead City Gate Imports

0

1

2

34567

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

46

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real 2

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0369

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real 2 Nominal Nomin
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal 

1949 0.06 R0.37 NA NA NA 1950 0.07 R0.42 NA NA NA 1955 0.10 R0.53 NA NA NA 1960 0.14 R0.67 NA NA NA 1965 0.16 R0.71 NA NA NA 1970 0.17 R0.62 NA NA NA 1971 0.18 R0.62 NA NA NA 1972 0.19 R0.63 NA NA 0.31 1973 0.22 R0.69 NA NA 0.35 1974 0.30 R0.86 NA NA 0.55 1975 0.44 R1.16 NA NA 1.21 1976 0.58 R1.44 NA NA 1.72 1977 0.79 R1.85 NA NA 1.98 1978 0.91 R1.99 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 R2.38 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 R2.94 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 R3.35 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 R3.92 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 R3.97 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 R3.93 3.95 R5.84 4.08 1985 2.51 R3.60 3.75 R5.38 3.21 1986 1.94 R2.72 3.22 R4.52 2.43 1987 1.67 R2.28 2.87 R3.92 1.95 1988 1.69 R2.23 2.92 R3.86 1.84 1989 1.69 R2.15 3.01 R3.83 1.82 1990 1.71 R2.10 3.03 R3.71 1.94 1991 1.64 R1.94 2.90 R3.43 1.83 1992 1.74 R2.01 3.01 R3.48 1.85 1993 2.04 R2.31 3.21 R3.63 2.03 1994 1.85 R2.05 3.07 R3.40 1.87 1995 1.55 R1.68 2.78 R3.02 1.49 1996 2.17 R2.31 3.34 R3.56 1.97 1997 2.32 R2.43 3.66 R3.84 2.17 1998 1.96 R2.03 3.07 R3.18 1.97 1999 2.19 R2.24 3.10 R3.17 2.24 2000 R3.68 R3.68 4.62 R4.62 3.95 2001 R4.00 R3.91 5.72 R5.59 4.43 2002 2.95 R2.84 4.12 R3.96 3.15 2003P 4.98 4.71 5.86 5.55 5.16 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "City Gate" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Appendix Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.

Sources: Wellhead: • 1949-1997—Energy Information 

(NGA) 2000 (November 2001), Table 93. • 1998 forward—EIA, Table 4. City Gate: • 1984-1997—EIA, NGA 2000 (NovembeNGM (March 2004), Table 4. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—FImports and Exports of Natural Gas—Imports and Exports of Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-forward—EIA, NGM (March 2004), Tables 5 and 6.
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal Prices, 2003 Real Prices5, Indexed, 1980-2003

Real Prices5, 1967-2003

194 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20031 Based on 92.1 percent of volume delivered.2 Based on 77.2 percent of volume delivered.3 Based on 22.2 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 83.6 percent of volume delivered.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

9.50

8.26

5.78 5.57

Residential1 Commercial2 Industrial3 Electric

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

Power4

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2003

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential 1 Commercial 1,2 Industrial 1,3 Vehicle Fuel 4 

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices 

Nominal Real 6 Nominal Real 6 Nominal Real 6 Nominal Real 6 

1967 1.04 R4.35 NA 0.74 R3.10 NA 0.34 R1.42 NA NA NA 1968 1.04 R4.17 NA 0.73 R2.93 NA 0.34 R1.36 NA NA NA 1969 1.05 R4.02 NA 0.74 R2.83 NA 0.35 R1.34 NA NA NA 1970 1.09 R3.96 NA 0.77 R2.80 NA 0.37 R1.34 NA NA NA 1971 1.15 R3.98 NA 0.82 R2.84 NA 0.41 R1.42 NA NA NA 1972 1.21 R4.01 NA 0.88 R2.92 NA 0.45 R1.49 NA NA NA 1973 1.29 R4.05 NA 0.94 R2.95 NA 0.50 R1.57 NA NA NA 1974 1.43 R4.12 NA 1.07 R3.08 NA 0.67 R1.93 NA NA NA 1975 1.71 R4.50 NA 1.35 R3.55 NA 0.96 R2.53 NA NA NA 1976 1.98 R4.93 NA 1.64 R4.08 NA 1.24 R3.08 NA NA NA 1977 2.35 R5.50 NA 2.04 R4.77 NA 1.50 R3.51 NA NA NA 1978 2.56 R5.59 NA 2.23 R4.87 NA 1.70 R3.72 NA NA NA 1979 2.98 R6.01 NA 2.73 R5.51 NA 1.99 R4.02 NA NA NA 1980 3.68 R6.81 NA 3.39 R6.27 NA 2.56 R4.74 NA NA NA 1981 4.29 R7.26 NA 4.00 R6.77 NA 3.14 R5.31 NA NA NA 1982 5.17 R8.24 NA 4.82 R7.68 NA 3.87 R6.17 85.1 NA NA 1983 6.06 R9.29 NA 5.59 R8.57 NA 4.18 R6.41 80.7 NA NA 1984 6.12 R9.05 NA 5.55 R8.20 NA 4.22 R6.24 74.7 NA NA 1985 6.12 R8.78 NA 5.50 R7.89 NA 3.95 R5.67 68.8 NA NA 1986 5.83 R8.18 NA 5.08 R7.13 NA 3.23 R4.53 59.8 NA NA 1987 5.54 R7.57 NA 4.77 R6.52 93.1 2.94 R4.02 47.4 NA NA 1988 5.47 R7.23 NA 4.63 R6.12 90.7 2.95 R3.90 42.6 NA NA 1989 5.64 R7.18 99.9 4.74 R6.03 89.1 2.96 R3.77 36.9 NA NA 1990 5.80 R7.11 99.3 4.83 R5.92 86.6 2.93 R3.59 35.2 3.39 R4.15 1991 5.82 R6.89 99.2 4.81 R5.70 85.1 2.69 R3.19 32.7 3.96 R4.69 1992 5.89 R6.82 99.1 4.88 R5.65 83.2 2.84 R3.29 30.3 4.05 R4.69 1993 6.16 R6.97 99.1 5.22 R5.91 83.9 3.07 R3.47 29.7 4.27 R4.83 1994 6.41 R7.10 99.1 5.44 R6.03 79.3 3.05 R3.38 25.5 4.11 R4.55 1995 6.06 R6.58 99.1 5.05 R5.48 76.7 2.71 R2.94 24.5 3.98 R4.32 1996 6.34 R6.76 99.1 5.40 R5.75 77.6 3.42 R3.64 19.4 4.34 R4.62 1997 6.94 R7.27 98.8 5.80 R6.08 70.8 3.59 R3.76 18.1 4.44 R4.65 1998 6.82 R7.07 97.7 5.48 R5.68 67.0 3.14 R3.25 16.1 4.59 R4.76 1999 6.69 R6.84 95.2 5.33 R5.45 66.1 3.12 R3.19 18.8 4.34 R4.43 2000 7.76 R7.76 92.6 6.59 R6.59 R63.9 4.45 R4.45 19.8 5.54 R5.54 2001 R9.63 R9.41 R92.4 8.43 R8.23 R66.0 R5.24 R5.12 R20.8 6.60 R6.45 2002 R7.91 R7.61 R91.4 R6.64 R6.39 R78.4 R4.02 R3.87 R22.5 R4.74 R4.56 2003 P9.50 P8.99 E92.1 P8.26 P7.82 P77.2 P5.78 P5.47 P22.2 NA NA 

1 Residential, commercial, and industrial prices do not include the price of natural gas delivered to

consumers on behalf of third parties. Volumes of natural gas delivered on behalf of third parties areincluded in the consumption data shown in Table 6.5. 2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercialelectricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used

primarily or exclusively by respondents’ fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with theoperation of fleet vehicles.

5 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. See Note 3, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural GasPrices," at end of section.

6 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 fo

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of 

identified separately. • The average for each end-use sector is natural gas consumed by each sector by the total quantity constaxes. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_ga

information.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-1997

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 1998-2002—• 2003—EIA estimate. Vehicle Fuel: • 1990-2002—EIA• 1967-1997—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 1998-2001—EIA, Table 4. • 2002 and 2003—Federal Energy Regulatory CommisCost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA, FFuels for Electric Plants Report." All Other Data: • 1967-1forward—EIA, NGM (March 2004), Table 4.
Natural Gas

Note 1. Natural Gas Deliveries to Nonutilities, 1989-1992. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supplyand Disposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably includedin both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in totalconsumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to nonutilitygenerators.Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Thecommercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermaloutput primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by establishments engaged primarily

in processing unfinished materials into another form of product (including mining;

petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease sector includes generators that produce electricity primarily to support the above-mentioned industri

Sector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, anas vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electpower producers)—Consumption for electricity goutput at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-poNAICS (North American Industry Classification primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity anNote 3. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Naturadata for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. Foelectric utility plants at which the generator nameplatunits combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. Foelectric utility plants at which the generator nameplatunits and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 mforward, data include electric utility and independwhich the total facility fossil-fueled nameplate genemegawatts, regardless of unit type.

196 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Coal

7

Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 4. Coal Flow, 2003

(Million Short Tons)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other data are preliminary. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.

Losses and

Unaccounted for

14.2

Stock

Change

28.4

Underground

351.2

Production

1,069.5

Exports

43.0

Imports

25.0

Surface

718.3

Bituminous

Coal

559.2

Subbituminous

Coal 428.4

Anthracite

1.3

Lignite 80.6

Residential

0.5 

Com

Consumption

1,094.1
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2003Overview, 2003 Production as Share of Consumption by Type 200 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Short Tons Production Consumption

Exports

1,069

25 43

1,094

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

Percent

Na

P
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1 Waste Coal 2,3 Imports Exports Stock Change 4

Losses 

Unaccounte

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 6 ( ) 6-35.1950 560.4 NA 0.4 29.4 6 ( ) 69.1955 490.8 NA 0.3 54.4 6 ( ) 6-6.1960 434.3 NA 0.3 38.0 6 ( ) 61.1965 527.0 NA 0.2 51.0 6 ( ) 62.1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 6 ( ) 66.1971 560.9 NA 0.1 57.3 6 ( ) 64.1972 602.5 NA (s) 56.7 6 ( ) 6-4.1973 598.6 NA 0.1 53.6 6 ( ) 6-17.1974 610.0 NA 2.1 60.7 -8.9 2.1975 654.6 NA 0.9 66.3 32.2 -5.1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 8.5 13.1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 22.6 -3.1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -4.9 12.1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 36.2 0.1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 25.6 10.1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -19.0 -1.1982 838.1 NA 0.7 106.3 22.6 3.1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -29.5 -1.1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 28.7 -4.1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -27.9 2.1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 4.0 -1.1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 6.5 -2.1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -24.9 -1.1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -13.7 2.1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 26.5 -1.1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -0.9 -3.1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -3.0 0.1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -51.9 -4.1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 23.6 4.1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -0.3 0.1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -17.5 1.1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -11.3 3.1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 24.2 -4.1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 24.0 -2.2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -48.3 0.2001 11,127.7 3 ( ) 19.8 48.7 41.6 -3.2002 R1,094.3 3 ( ) 16.9 39.6 R10.2 R-5.2003P 1,069.5 3 ( ) 25.0 43.0 -28.4 -14.

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Waste coal (including anthracite culm, bituminous gob, fine coal, and lignite waste) consumed by

independent power producers. For 1989-2000, waste coal is counted as a supply-side item to balance thesame amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."

3 Beginning in 2001, refuse recovery is included in "Production"; to avoid double counting, waste coal is

not counted as a separate supply-side item for 2001 forward.

4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a positive value indicates an increase. 5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal, minus

exports, stock change, and consumption.

6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of s

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal: • 1989

(EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Repo"Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility." Imports: • 19Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM145." • 199October-December 2003 (March 2004), Table 1. Exports: Taband Unaccounted for: Calculated. Consumption: Table 7.3.
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2003

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location202 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Anthracite

Subb

1 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

Bituminous

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons1.1 billion short tons In 2003

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Million Short TonsSurface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons Underground

East of the Mississ

West of the Mississippi
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Locatio

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1971 521.3 22.2 8.7 8.7 277.2 283.7 509.9 1972 556.8 27.5 11.0 7.1 305.0 297.4 538.2 1973 543.5 33.9 14.3 6.8 300.1 298.5 522.1 1974 545.7 42.2 15.5 6.6 278.0 332.1 518.1 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 R572.1 R438.4 R82.5 R1.4 R357.4 R736.9 R492.9 2003 E559.2 E428.4 E80.6 E1.3 E351.2 E718.3 E468.2 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and

1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit

1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report • 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal ProducCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001 and 2002—EIA, A1, 2, and 6. • 2003—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-DeEIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of LabForm 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production 
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2003By Sector, 2003 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2003204 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons or less than 0.5 percenSource: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercial1

and Transportation2

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons Electric Power3

(s) 4

85

1,004

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

8

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

100

Percent

1949 2003
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Ele

Residential 

Commercial Industrial

CHP Transportation Total 2 Other 3 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 52.4 6 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 7 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 399.3 84.0 1950 51.6 6 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 7 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 402.2 91.9 1955 35.6 6 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 7 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 303.3 143.8 1960 24.2 6 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 7 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 221.4 176.7 1965 14.6 6 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 7 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 0.7 227.2 244.8 1970 9.0 6 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 7 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 0.3 203.0 320.2 1971 7.4 6 ( ) 7.8 7.8 83.2 7 ( ) 75.6 75.6 158.9 0.2 174.3 327.3 1972 5.0 6 ( ) 6.7 6.7 87.7 7 ( ) 72.9 72.9 160.6 0.2 172.5 351.8 1973 4.1 6 ( ) 7.0 7.0 94.1 7 ( ) 68.0 68.0 162.1 0.1 173.4 389.2 1974 3.7 6 ( ) 7.8 7.8 90.2 7 ( ) 64.9 64.9 155.1 0.1 166.6 391.8 1975 2.8 6 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 7 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 156.7 406.0 1976 2.6 6 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 7 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 155.4 448.4 1977 2.5 6 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 7 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 148.2 477.1 1978 2.2 6 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 7 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 7 ( ) 144.0 481.2 1979 1.7 6 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 7 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 7 ( ) 153.5 527.1 1980 1.4 6 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 7 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 7 ( ) 133.5 569.3 1981 1.3 6 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 7 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 7 ( ) 135.8 596.8 1982 1.4 6 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 7 ( ) 113.2 593.7 1983 1.4 6 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 7 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 7 ( ) 111.5 625.2 1984 1.7 6 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 7 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 7 ( ) 126.9 664.4 1985 1.7 6 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 7 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 7 ( ) 124.2 693.8 1986 1.8 6 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 7 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 7 ( ) 119.2 685.1 1987 1.6 6 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 7 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 7 ( ) 119.0 717.9 1988 1.6 6 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 7 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 7 ( ) 125.3 758.4 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 7 ( ) 122.8 767.4 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 7 ( ) 121.9 774.2 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 7 ( ) 115.4 773.2 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 7 ( ) 112.6 781.2 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 7 ( ) 112.4 816.6 1994 0.9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 7 ( ) 112.9 821.2 1995 0.8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 7 ( ) 111.9 832.9 1996 0.7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 7 ( ) 109.4 878.8 1997 0.7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 7 ( ) 108.2 904.2 1998 0.5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 7 ( ) 100.5 920.4 1999 0.6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 7 ( ) 97.7 924.7 2000 0.5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 7 ( ) 98.3 967.1 2001 0.5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 7 ( ) 95.7 946.1 2002 0.5 R1.4 R2.6 R4.0 R23.7 R26.2 R34.5 R60.7 R84.4 7 ( ) R88.8 R960.1 2003P 0.5 1.5 2.5 4.0 24.2 26.7 34.4 61.2 85.4 7 ( ) 89.8 986.1 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Included in "Commercial Other." 7 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," and

Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estim

"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Coke Plants, Oth

• 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbo"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy InfReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pe1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthrac• 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Report, Weekly Coal RReport (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports. 1997 for(March 2004), Table 29. • Commercial CHP and Industrial CTables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2003 By Selected Country, 2003By Selected Country, 1960-2003206 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.4.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

20.8

3.5 2.8 2.0 

Canada Brazil Italy Nether- B

05

10152025

Million Short Tons

Lu

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

102030

Million Short Tons

Japan
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Denmark France Germany 1 Italy Netherlands Spain

United

Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 0.0 2.4 17.1 1961 12.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.7 4.3 4.8 2.6 0.2 0.0 2.0 15.7 1962 12.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 0.9 5.1 6.0 3.3 0.8 (s) 1.8 19.1 1963 14.6 1.2 2.7 (s) 2.7 5.6 7.9 5.0 1.5 0.0 2.4 27.7 1964 14.8 1.1 2.3 (s) 2.2 5.2 8.1 4.2 1.4 0.0 2.6 26.0 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 0.0 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 0.0 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 0.0 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 0.9 0.0 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 0.0 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 0.0 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 0.8 0.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 0.0 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 0.0 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 0.0 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 1.4 0.9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 0.6 0.0 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 0.8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 0.1 2.1 0.9 4.1 2.0 1.6 0.6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 0.0 1.7 0.6 3.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 0.2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 2.3 8.8 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 2.0 7.6 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.2 6.4 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 0.6 3.8 0.9 7.6 5.5 2.3 2.9 5.3 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.7 10.3 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 0.8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.9 8.4 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 0.9 2.9 0.5 9.5 4.1 2.5 2.6 6.6 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 0.7 11.1 5.1 2.5 3.7 8.5 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 0.7 11.2 6.1 3.3 4.5 8.9 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 5.2 9.5 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 6.2 10.4 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 5.6 8.5 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 0.3 4.0 0.5 6.9 5.6 4.1 4.1 6.9 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 0.5 2.9 0.3 7.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 7.3 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 4.7 10.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 6.2 9.8 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 0.4 3.4 0.9 7.0 4.8 4.1 7.2 9.2 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 0.3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 5.9 6.9 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 0.0 2.5 0.6 4.0 3.4 2.5 3.2 4.3 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 0.1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 3.3 5.7 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 0.0 2.2 0.9 5.4 2.1 1.6 2.5 3.3 20.8 2002 16.7 3.5 2.4 0.0 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.4 15.6 2003 20.8 3.5 1.8 0.3 1.3 0.5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 3.2 15.1 

1 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—Energy InfoAnnual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal R
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2003 By Holding Entity, 2003By Holding Entity, 1949-2003208 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical sca

compared.

Source: Table 7.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric

Power Sector1

and Distributors

121

37

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric Power Sector1

End-

Produce
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

End-Use Sectors

S

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other Total 1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 27.4 1950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 45.5 1955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 30.3 1960 NA 0.7 11.1 11.6 22.8 23.4 1965 NA 0.4 10.6 13.1 23.8 24.1 1970 NA 0.3 9.0 11.8 20.8 21.1 1971 NA 0.3 7.3 5.6 12.9 13.2 1972 NA 0.3 9.1 7.6 16.7 17.0 1973 12.5 0.3 7.0 10.4 17.4 17.7 1974 11.6 0.3 6.2 6.6 12.8 13.1 1975 12.1 0.2 8.8 8.5 17.3 17.6 1976 14.2 0.2 9.9 7.1 17.0 17.2 1977 14.2 0.2 12.8 11.1 23.9 24.1 1978 20.7 0.4 8.3 9.0 17.3 17.7 1979 20.8 0.3 10.2 11.8 21.9 22.3 1980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 21.0 1981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 16.4 1982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 14.1 1983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 13.1 1984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 17.5 1985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 13.9 1986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 13.4 1987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 14.7 1988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 11.9 1989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 10.2 1990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 12.0 1991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 9.8 1992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 9.6 1993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 9.1 1994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 9.2 1995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 8.3 1996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 8.4 1997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 7.6 1998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 7.6 1999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 7.5 2000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 6.1 2001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 7.5 2002 R43.3 NA R1.4 5.8 R7.2 R7.2 2003P 36.8 NA 0.9 4.7 5.6 5.6 

1 Includes transportation sector. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Producers and Distributors and End-Use Se

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "C• 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal RWeekly Coal Report. • 1980-1996—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rereports. • 1997 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2003 Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: Calculated.
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2003 Mining Methods, 2003 LocatiMining Method,1 1949-2003 East of the Mississippi, 2003 West o210 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Notes: • Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 7.6.

05

101520

Short Tons per Miner Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

4.06

10.66

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Miner Hour 1.77 in 1978

6.95 in 2003

05

10152025

Short Tons per Miner Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Short Tons per Miner Hour 3.70 4.13

Underground Surface

0

2

46

Short Tons per Miner Hour Surface

Underground
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Short Tons per Miner Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 30.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 31.50 34.49 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 31.49 34.54 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 31.46 34.58 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 31.41 34.74 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 1990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 1991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 1992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 1998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 1999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 2000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 2001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 2002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 R3.86 7.80 20.67 2003P 4.06 10.66 3.70 4.13 3.85 8.31 21.35 

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite mines, and data through 1978 for

anthracite mines, were originally reported in short tons per miner day. The data were converted to shorttons per miner hour by assuming an eight-hour day. All remaining data were calculated by dividing totalproduction by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers.

2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Anthracite mining productivity is unavailable by underground and surface but is included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy InfReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pe1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. • Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annuaAnnual, annual reports. • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Annual Coal • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and UHealth Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employmen
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2003Overview, 2003 Trade, 1949-2003212 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.7.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons

Consumption

Production

17

3

1

19

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

101520

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

46

Million Short Tons

Imports

Exports
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production Imports Exports Stock Change 1 

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 1950 72.7 0.4 0.4 -0.7 1955 75.3 0.1 0.5 -1.2 1960 57.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 1965 66.9 0.1 0.8 0.7 1970 66.5 0.2 2.5 1.0 1971 57.4 0.2 1.5 -0.6 1972 60.5 0.2 1.2 -0.6 1973 64.3 1.1 1.4 -1.7 1974 61.6 3.5 1.3 -0.2 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 0.7 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 1.7 1980 46.1 0.7 2.1 3.4 1981 42.8 0.5 1.2 -1.9 1982 28.1 0.1 1.0 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) 0.7 -4.7 1984 30.4 0.6 1.0 0.2 1985 28.4 0.6 1.1 -1.2 1986 24.9 0.3 1.0 -0.5 1987 26.3 0.9 0.6 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 0.5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 0.3 1990 27.6 0.8 0.6 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1992 23.4 2.1 0.7 -0.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 -0.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 -0.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 0.4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 -0.4 1999 20.0 3.2 0.9 -0.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 0.2 2001 18.9 R2.5 R1.3 -0.1 2002 R16.8 R3.2 R0.8 -0.4 2003P 17.2 2.8 0.7 -0.2 

1 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

2 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

• 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energannual reports. • 1981-1996—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Q• 1997 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2003 (March 200
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2003By Type, 1949-2003 By Type, 2003214 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Dollars1 per Short Ton

Anthracite

Lignite

Subbituminous Coal

Peak

1975: $50.92

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

Dollars1 per Short Ton

47.78

26.57

11.07

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite 

0

102030405060

Dollars2 per Short Ton

Coal 

Bituminous Coal

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic implicit price deflators. 

See Table D1.

2 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 7.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 34.90 3,R29.97 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.37 R14.49 8.90 R54.43 1950 34.86 3,R29.40 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.41 R14.58 9.34 R56.50 1955 34.51 3,R24.06 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.38 R12.70 8.00 R42.68 1960 34.71 3,R22.38 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.29 R10.88 8.01 R38.07 1965 34.45 3,R19.75 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.13 R9.45 8.51 R37.76 1970 36.30 3,R22.88 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1.86 R6.76 11.03 R40.06 1971 37.13 3,R24.66 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1.93 R6.68 12.08 R41.78 1972 37.78 3,R25.79 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.04 R6.76 12.40 R41.11 1973 38.71 3,R27.35 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.09 R6.56 13.65 R42.86 1974 316.01 3,R46.11 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.19 R6.31 22.19 R63.90 1975 319.79 3,R52.08 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3.17 R8.34 32.26 R84.89 1976 320.11 3,R50.03 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3.74 R9.30 33.92 R84.39 1977 320.59 3,R48.16 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 4.03 R9.43 34.86 R81.54 1978 322.64 3,R49.48 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 5.68 R12.41 35.25 R77.04 1979 27.31 R55.12 9.55 R19.27 6.48 R13.08 41.06 R82.87 1980 29.17 R53.98 11.08 R20.50 7.60 R14.06 42.51 R78.66 1981 31.51 R53.30 12.18 R20.60 8.85 R14.97 44.28 R74.90 1982 32.15 R51.25 13.37 R21.31 9.79 R15.61 49.85 R79.47 1983 31.11 R47.71 13.03 R19.98 9.91 R15.20 52.29 R80.19 1984 30.63 R45.27 12.41 R18.34 10.45 R15.45 48.22 R71.27 1985 30.78 R44.15 12.57 R18.03 10.68 R15.32 45.80 R65.70 1986 28.84 R40.48 12.26 R17.21 10.64 R14.93 44.12 R61.92 1987 28.19 R38.51 11.32 R15.47 10.85 R14.82 43.65 R59.63 1988 27.66 R36.54 10.45 R13.81 10.06 R13.29 44.16 R58.34 1989 27.40 R34.88 10.16 R12.93 9.91 R12.62 42.93 R54.65 1990 27.43 R33.62 9.70 R11.89 10.13 R12.42 39.40 R48.29 1991 27.49 R32.55 9.68 R11.46 10.89 R12.90 36.34 R43.03 1992 26.78 R31.00 9.68 R11.21 10.81 R12.51 34.24 R39.64 1993 26.15 R29.59 9.33 R10.56 11.11 R12.57 32.94 R37.27 1994 25.68 R28.45 8.37 R9.27 10.77 R11.93 36.07 R39.96 1995 25.56 R27.75 8.10 R8.79 10.83 R11.76 39.78 R43.19 1996 25.17 R26.82 7.87 R8.39 10.92 R11.64 36.78 R39.19 1997 24.64 R25.82 7.42 R7.78 10.91 R11.43 35.12 R36.81 1998 24.87 R25.78 6.96 R7.21 11.08 R11.49 42.91 R44.48 1999 23.92 R24.44 6.87 R7.02 11.04 R11.28 35.13 R35.90 2000 24.15 R24.15 7.12 R7.12 11.41 R11.41 40.90 R40.90 2001 25.36 R24.77 6.67 R6.52 11.52 R11.25 47.67 R46.57 2002 R26.57 R25.56 R7.34 R7.06 R11.07 R10.65 R47.78 R45.97 2003E 26.57 25.14 7.34 6.95 11.07 10.48 47.78 45.21 

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977

and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

3 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of

first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals 

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous Yearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, BiMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports a2002—EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2003—EIAand U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health AdmEmployment and Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, subbituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electric power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by allindustrial and manufacturing establishments and by the residential and commercialsectors are based on distribution data obtained quarterly from coal companies.Included in each sector’s data are the following: Residential and CommercialSectors—retail dealer sales to households and small commercial establishments;Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, large commercial establishments, coking plants, and by agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), andconstruction industries; Transportation Sector—sales to railroads and for vesselbunkering; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output atelectricity-only and CHP plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primarybusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates. Coalconsumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to the Energy

Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectoramount consumed by the sectors individually. Prevpercent residential and 60 percent commercial for e

results in variation over time. Beginning in 1949, a percent, is assigned to the residential sector; the sharreaches 11 percent in 2003. To create the estimate, ipied coal-heated housing unit consumes fuel at the housing unit. Then, for the years in which data are avpied housing units by heating source (1950, 1960, quent odd-numbered years (Table 2.7)), residential ufollowing steps: a ratio is created of the number of occoal to the number of housing units heated by oil; thquantity of oil used by the residential sector to estiused by the residential sector; and the residential secommercial use is calculated. The 1950 share is appapplied to 2003; and the other missing years’ shares a

216 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Electricity

8

High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 5. Electricity Flow, 2003

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Coal

20.67

Petroleum 1.27

Nuclear Electric Power

7.97

Energy Consumed

To Generate

Electricity 39.62

Gross

Generation

of Electricity

13.82

Net

Generation

of Electricity

13.13

Unaccounted for

0.63

e

Electric

Expor

0.08

Other

Gases

0.12

a

EndUse

12.54

Conversion

Losses

25.80

d

Fossil

Fuels

27.58

Re

Sa

11.

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage 0.09 Other c 0.03b 

Electricity

Imports

0.10

Natural Gas 5.51

Renewable Energy 4.13

a Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

b Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

c Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.d Approximately two-thirds of all energy used to generate electricity. See note “Electrical

System Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.

e Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.f Electric energy used in the operation of power plants, estimated as 5 percent of gross

generation. See note “Electrical System Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.

g Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses 

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated as note “Electrical System Energy Losses,” at end of Section 

h Commercial retail sales plus approximately 95 percent I Approximately 5 percent of “Other” retail sales from Taj Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net elec

among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to Sources: Tables 2.1b-2.1e, 8.1, 8.4a, and A6 (column 4
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2003 Electricity Trade, 1949-2003Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2003(Billion Kilowatthours)220 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.6 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public a

railways, and interdepartmental sales.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,691

8

150 30 24

3,500

175

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Sales2 Use3

Expor

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use

Imports

30

T & D Losses and 4

Unaccounted for

179

Exports

24

5

Commercial

and Industrial

158

Electric

Power

Sector

3,691

Total

End Use

3,675

Retail

Sales3,500

Total

Net Generation

3,848

Reside

1,28

Comme

1,11

Indust

991
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Imports 1 Exports 1 T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

From

Canada Total

To

Canada Total

Retai

Sales 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 43 255 1950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 44 291 1955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 58 497 1960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 76 688 1965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 104 954 1970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 145 1,392 1971 1,613 NA 3 1,616 NA 7 NA 4 150 1,470 1972 1,750 NA 3 1,753 NA 10 NA 3 166 1,595 1973 1,861 NA 3 1,864 NA 17 NA 3 165 1,713 1974 1,867 NA 3 1,870 NA 15 NA 3 177 1,706 1975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 180 1,747 1976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 194 1,855 1977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 197 1,948 1978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 211 2,018 1979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 200 2,071 1980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 216 2,094 1981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 184 2,147 1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 187 2,086 1983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 198 2,151 1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 173 2,286 1985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 190 2,324 1986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 158 2,369 1987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 164 2,457 1988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 161 2,578 1989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 223 2,647 1990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 214 2,713 1991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 213 2,762 1992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 224 2,763 1993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 236 2,861 1994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 224 2,935 1995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 235 3,013 1996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 237 3,101 1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 232 3,146 1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 221 3,264 1999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 229 3,312 2000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 231 3,421 2001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 R215 3,370 2002 R3,698 R7 R153 R3,858 36 36 13 R14 R241 R3,463 2003 P3,691 P8 P150 P3,848 P29 P30 P24 P24 P179 P3,500 

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data

are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and

delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.

6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and other energy service providers. 8 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity sales among

adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: Net Generation, Electric Power Sector: Table 8.2b. Net Generation, Commercial Sector: 

Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Industrial Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission

(FPC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plan

megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric G• October 1977-1978—Federal Energy Regulatory CommissiPlant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 1"Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 plants. • 1980-1988—Estimated by EIA as the average gener• 1989 forward—Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Total: • 1949-September 1977—-unpublished FPC data. • OcRegulatory Administration (ERA) data. • 1981—DepartmEmergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Exchanges w1981," April 1982 (revised June 1982). • 1982 and 1983—International Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity • 1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "Annual RepData." • 1989—DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "AExport/Import Data." • 1990 forward—National Energy Board oof Fuels Programs, Form FE-781R, "Annual Report of Internat2001-2003, data from the California Independent System OperaFE-781R values to estimate electricity trade with Mexico. See Nend of section. T & D Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculaimports minus total end use and exports. End Use: Table 8.9.
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2003 By Source Category, 2003 By Source, 2003By Major Sources, 1949-2003222 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, wind, solar, and other.2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

2.7

0.8

0.4

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

3

Trillion Kilowatthours 

20% 7%16%

Total 6%

 (All Sectors)

Natural

Gas

Other1

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

Nuclear

Electric Power

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric

Power

Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

Trillion Kilowatthours

Nu

Petroleum and

Natural Gas
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2003 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2003

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

3.7

0.1

(s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1991 1993 1995 19

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

Electricity-O

Combined-Heat-and

4

(ss) 1 (ss) (ss) (ss) 2 

74

28

21

10

6 5

1 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Conventional Petroleum Waste 

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
224 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 10 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0.0 10 ( ) 100.9 0.4 NA NA NA NA 1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0.0 10 ( ) 116.2 0.3 NA NA NA NA 1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 149.4 0.1 NA (s) NA NA 1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 197.0 0.3 NA 0.2 NA NA 1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 251.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 269.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 275.9 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA NA 1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 275.4 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA NA 1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 304.2 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA NA 1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 303.2 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA NA 1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 286.9 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA NA 1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 223.6 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA NA 1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 283.5 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA NA 1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 283.1 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA NA 1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 279.2 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA NA 1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 263.8 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA NA 1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 312.4 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA NA 1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 335.3 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (s) 1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 324.3 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (s) 1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 284.3 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (s) 1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 294.0 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 252.9 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (s) 1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 226.1 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 198911 1,583.8 164.5 352.6 7.9 2,108.8 529.4 10 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 0.3 2.1 1990 1,594.0 126.6 372.8 10.4 2,103.8 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 0.4 2.8 1991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 0.5 3.0 1992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 0.4 2.9 1993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 0.5 3.0 1994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 0.5 3.4 1995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 0.5 3.2 1996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 0.5 3.2 1997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 0.5 3.3 1998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 0.5 3.0 1999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 0.5 4.5 2000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 0.5 5.6 2001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 21.8 13.7 0.5 6.7 2002 R1,933.1 R94.6 R691.0 R11.5 R2,730.2 780.1 R-8.7 R264.3 R38.7 22.9 R14.5 R0.6 R10.4 2003P 1,970.3 118.3 629.2 10.9 2,728.7 763.7 -8.7 275.0 37.0 22.8 13.1 0.5 10.7 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric 

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginnindependent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial p

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at en

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.h

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector, a

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 10 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0.0 10 ( ) 95.9 0.4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0.0 10 ( ) 113.0 0.3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 145.8 0.1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 193.9 0.3 NA 0.2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 247.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 266.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 272.6 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 272.1 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 301.0 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 300.0 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 283.7 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 220.5 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 280.4 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 279.8 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 276.0 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 260.7 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 309.2 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 332.1 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (s1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 321.2 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (s1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 281.1 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (s1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 290.8 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (s1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 249.7 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (s1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 222.9 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (s198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 0.5 2,019.1 529.4 10 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 0.3 21990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 0.6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 0.4 21991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 0.7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 0.5 31992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 0.4 21993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 0.5 31994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 0.5 31995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 0.5 31996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 0.5 31997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 0.5 31998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 0.5 31999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 0.5 42000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 0.5 52001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 0.6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 19.5 13.7 0.5 62002 R1,910.6 R89.7 R607.7 R2.0 R2,610.0 780.1 R-8.7 R260.5 R9.0 R20.2 R14.5 R0.6 R102003P 1,948.0 112.5 550.6 1.2 2,612.4 763.7 -8.7 269.3 9.0 19.9 13.1 0.5 10

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pub

industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Cove"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report" and Form EIA-906, EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
226 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2003

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

Electricity-Only Plants 10

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 0.0 1,979.3 529.4 11 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 2.1 1990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 0.4 2.8 1991 1,551.9 112.2 267.8 (s) 1,931.9 612.6 -4.5 286.0 6.0 12.2 16.0 0.5 3.0 1992 1,577.1 90.1 270.9 (s) 1,938.0 618.8 -4.2 250.0 6.6 14.4 16.1 0.4 2.9 1993 1,642.1 100.6 267.2 (s) 2,009.9 610.3 -4.0 277.5 7.2 14.9 16.8 0.5 3.0 1994 1,639.9 92.1 299.7 (s) 2,031.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 7.6 15.4 15.5 0.5 3.4 1995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 0.5 3.2 1996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 0.5 3.2 1997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 0.5 3.3 1998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 0.1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 0.5 3.0 1999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 0.5 4.5 2000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 0.2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 0.5 5.6 2001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 17.2 13.7 0.5 6.7 2002 R1,881.2 R83.3 R456.8 R0.2 R2,421.5 780.1 R-8.7 R260.5 R7.3 R17.4 R14.5 R0.6 R10.4 2003P 1,916.2 105.6 406.4 (s) 2,428.2 763.7 -8.7 269.3 7.2 16.9 13.1 0.5 10.7 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 — — 0.0 1.3 0.9 — — — 1990 11.9 1.3 44.8 0.6 58.7 — — 0.0 1.4 1.1 — — — 1991 16.9 0.6 50.0 0.7 68.2 — — 0.0 1.7 1.6 — — — 1992 20.7 2.2 63.4 1.2 87.4 — — 0.0 1.9 1.5 — — — 1993 23.4 4.8 75.0 1.0 104.2 — — 0.0 2.0 1.4 — — — 1994 26.4 6.6 86.0 1.1 120.1 — — 0.0 1.6 1.6 — — — 1995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 — — 0.0 1.7 1.7 — — — 1996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 — — 0.0 1.9 1.7 — — — 1997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 — — 0.0 2.2 2.1 — — — 1998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 — — 0.0 2.0 2.3 — — — 1999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 — — 0.0 1.7 2.4 — — — 2000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 — — 0.0 1.6 2.7 — — — 2001 31.0 6.0 128.0 0.6 165.5 — — 0.0 1.7 2.3 — — — 2002 R29.4 R6.5 R150.9 R1.7 R188.5 — — 0.0 1.7 2.8 — — — 2003E 31.8 6.9 144.3 1.2 184.2 — — (s) 1.8 2.9 — — — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

11 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. — = Not applicable. (s

Notes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP a

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Poend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA

Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Rep"Monthly Power Plant Report" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric GeneratPlant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothemal Solar 8 Wind 

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 — — 0.1 0.1 0.5 — — — 1990 0.8 0.6 3.3 0.1 4.8 — — 0.1 0.1 0.8 — — — 1991 0.8 0.4 3.2 0.1 4.5 — — 0.1 0.1 0.9 — — — 1992 0.7 0.3 3.9 0.1 5.0 — — 0.1 0.1 1.0 — — — 1993 0.9 0.3 4.5 0.1 5.8 — — 0.1 0.1 1.0 — — — 1994 0.8 0.4 4.9 0.1 6.3 — — 0.1 0.1 1.2 — — — 1995 1.0 0.4 5.2 0.0 6.5 — — 0.1 0.1 1.5 — — — 1996 1.1 0.4 5.2 (s) 6.7 — — 0.1 0.1 2.2 — — — 1997 1.0 0.4 4.7 (s) 6.2 — — 0.1 (s) 2.3 — — — 1998 1.0 0.4 4.9 (s) 6.3 — — 0.1 (s) 2.3 — — — 1999 1.0 0.4 4.6 (s) 6.0 — — 0.1 (s) 2.4 — — — 2000 1.1 0.4 4.3 (s) 5.8 — — 0.1 (s) 2.0 — — — 2001 1.0 0.4 4.4 (s) 5.9 — — 0.1 (s) 1.5 — — — 2002 1.0 0.4 R4.3 (s) R5.7 — — R (s) (s) R1.6 — — — 2003P 1.0 0.5 4.3 (s) 5.8 — — 0.1 (s) 1.9 — — — 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 5.0 53.2 7.3 86.1 — — 2.7 21.6 0.9 — — — 1990 21.1 7.2 60.0 9.6 97.9 — — 3.0 25.4 0.9 — — — 1991 21.0 6.5 60.6 10.5 98.6 — — 2.8 25.9 0.9 — — — 1992 22.7 7.6 65.9 12.0 108.2 — — 2.9 27.9 0.9 — — — 1993 23.7 7.0 68.2 11.9 110.9 — — 2.9 28.4 1.1 — — — 1994 23.6 6.8 69.6 12.1 112.1 — — 6.0 28.7 1.0 — — — 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 — — 5.3 28.9 0.9 — — — 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 — — 5.9 28.4 0.9 — — — 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 — — 5.7 28.2 0.9 — — — 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 — — 5.3 27.7 0.9 — — — 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 — — 4.8 28.1 0.7 — — — 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 — — 4.1 28.7 0.8 — — — 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 — — 3.1 26.9 0.8 — — — 2002 R21.5 R4.4 R79.0 R9.5 R114.4 — — R3.8 R29.6 R1.1 — — — 2003P 21.2 5.2 74.3 9.7 110.5 — — 5.6 27.9 1.1 — — — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNotes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector 

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "P
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2003By Sector, 1989-2003 By Sector, 2003228 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

617

573

341

115

Natural Wood Coal Other Pe

0

250500750

Trillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.5

0.3

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Gas

Commercial Electric Power

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 1,169 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 556 41 597 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 39 585 2003P 341 83 617 115 1,156 573 41 614 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-hea

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
230 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 198

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 8 16 2002 R40 R4 R214 6 R264 R8 R10 R17 2003P 39 7 192 5 243 7 8 15 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the

public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants. • See Table 

data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Oequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (E

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIAReport—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnnuaEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Powe
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industr

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 1991 16 4 21 (s) 41 (s) 9 9 1992 15 4 24 (s) 44 (s) 13 14 1993 18 4 23 (s) 45 (s) 14 14 1994 18 4 26 (s) 48 (s) 14 14 1995 17 3 29 0 48 (s) 15 15 1996 20 3 33 0 55 1 17 18 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 1999 20 3 37 0 61 1 17 17 2000 21 4 39 0 64 1 17 18 2001 18 4 35 0 58 1 13 14 2002 R18 R3 R36 0 R57 R1 R11 R12 2003P 20 3 29 0 52 (s) 13 13 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 1991 315 103 444 144 1,005 606 19 625 1992 324 107 466 155 1,052 641 19 660 1993 325 117 475 139 R1,055 R652 23 R675 1994 333 119 R501 138 R1,092 707 21 729 1995 329 105 R540 140 R1,114 706 20 726 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 20 567 2002 R278 66 R458 R112 R914 R537 R19 R556 2003P 283 73 395 110 861 566 20 586 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "P
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Energy Categories, 1949-2003 By Major Fuel, 2003By Major Fuel, 1949-2003 By Sector, 1989-2003232 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.2 Other gases, solar, wind, batteries, chemical, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and electricity net imports. 3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical scale

compared.

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

20.7

8.0

5.5

2.7

1.3 0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Petro- Wo

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

Total Energy

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

leum 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 199

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power Sector

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Com

Industrial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selecte

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind Tota

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 11 ( ) 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 11 ( ) 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 11 ( ) 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,361960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 11 ( ) 1,608 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,61965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 11 ( ) 2,059 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,061970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 11 ( ) 2,634 1 2 11 NA NA 2,641971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 11 ( ) 2,824 1 2 12 NA NA 2,831972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 11 ( ) 2,864 1 2 31 NA NA 2,891973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 11 ( ) 2,861 1 2 43 NA NA 2,901974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 11 ( ) 3,177 1 2 53 NA NA 3,231975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 11 ( ) 3,155 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,221976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 11 ( ) 2,976 1 2 78 NA NA 3,051977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 11 ( ) 2,333 3 2 77 NA NA 2,41978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 11 ( ) 2,937 2 1 64 NA NA 3,001979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 11 ( ) 2,931 3 2 84 NA NA 3,021980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 11 ( ) 2,900 3 2 110 NA NA 3,01981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 11 ( ) 2,758 3 1 123 NA NA 2,881982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 11 ( ) 3,266 2 1 105 NA NA 3,371983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 11 ( ) 3,527 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,661984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 11 ( ) 3,386 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,561985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 11 ( ) 2,970 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,181986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 11 ( ) 3,071 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,301987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 11 ( ) 2,635 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,871988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 11 ( ) 2,334 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,561989 1216,359 121,757 123,581 90 1221,789 125,602 11 ( ) 132,837 12345 12151 12308 123 1222 123,661990 16,477 1,367 3,752 112 21,708 6,104 -36 3,046 442 211 326 4 29 4,051991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 -47 3,016 425 247 335 5 31 4,051992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 -43 2,617 481 283 338 4 30 3,751993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 -42 2,892 485 288 351 5 31 4,051994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 -35 2,683 498 301 325 5 36 3,841995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 -28 3,205 480 316 280 5 33 4,31996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 -32 3,590 513 324 300 5 33 4,761997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 -41 3,640 484 339 309 5 34 4,81998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 -46 3,297 475 332 311 5 31 4,451999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 -62 3,268 490 332 312 5 46 4,452000 20,443 1,212 5,818 126 27,599 7,862 -57 2,811 496 330 296 5 57 3,992001 19,734 1,337 5,982 97 27,150 R8,033 -90 2,201 486 347 289 6 68 3,392002 R19,997 R1,014 R6,250 R131 R27,392 R8,143 RP-88 RP2,675 R605 R399 R305 P6 RP105 RP4,092003 P20,675 P1,271 P5,513 P119 P27,578 P7,973 P-88 P2,779 P576 P381 P276 P5 P108 P4,12

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of section.11 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

13 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial 

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricit

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, a

• 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
234 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2003 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind Total

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 11 ( ) 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 11 ( ) 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 11 ( ) 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 11 ( ) 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,571 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 11 ( ) 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,033 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 11 ( ) 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 2,615 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 11 ( ) 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 2,806 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 11 ( ) 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 2,864 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 11 ( ) 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 2,873 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 11 ( ) 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 3,199 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 11 ( ) 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,194 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 11 ( ) 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 3,024 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 11 ( ) 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 2,383 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 11 ( ) 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 2,973 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 11 ( ) 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 2,986 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 11 ( ) 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 2,982 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 11 ( ) 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 2,852 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 11 ( ) 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 3,341 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 11 ( ) 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,627 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 11 ( ) 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,527 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 11 ( ) 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,150 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 11 ( ) 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,270 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 11 ( ) 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,846 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 11 ( ) 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,536 1989 1216,121 121,697 123,107 7 1220,932 125,602 11 ( ) 122,808 1275 12126 12308 123 1222 123,342 1990 16,235 1,281 3,224 6 20,746 6,104 -36 3,014 106 180 326 4 29 3,658 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 -47 2,985 104 217 335 5 31 3,677 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 -43 2,586 120 252 338 4 30 3,329 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 -42 2,861 129 255 351 5 31 3,632 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 -35 2,620 134 269 325 5 36 3,389 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 -28 3,149 106 282 280 5 33 3,855 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 -32 3,528 117 280 300 5 33 4,264 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 -41 3,581 117 292 309 5 34 4,337 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 -46 3,241 125 287 311 5 31 4,000 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 -62 3,218 125 290 312 5 46 3,996 2000 20,185 1,145 5,120 19 26,470 7,862 -57 2,768 126 294 296 5 57 3,547 2001 19,494 1,270 5,271 9 26,044 R8,033 -90 2,169 116 314 289 6 68 2,962 2002 R19,733 R955 R5,522 R25 R26,235 R8,143 RP-88 RP2,636 R141 R353 R305 P6 RP105 RP3,545 2003 P20,419 P1,200 P4,805 P13 P26,437 P7,973 P-88 P2,722 P152 P336 P276 P5 P108 P3,600 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of section.11 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility co

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combinethe NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 cateelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.4c felectricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatisticsPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Oth

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—Energy Information AdminPower Plant Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power PForm EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report" and Form EIAReport—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnnuaEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Powe
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial 

 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind Total

Commercial Sector 10

1989 9 7 18 1 36 — — 1 2 9 — — — 12 1990 9 6 27 1 43 — — 1 2 15 — — — 18 1991 9 3 28 1 41 — — 1 2 15 — — — 18 1992 8 3 33 1 45 — — 1 1 16 — — — 19 1993 9 4 38 1 53 — — 1 1 16 — — — 18 1994 9 4 42 1 56 — — 1 1 17 — — — 19 1995 12 4 44 0 60 — — 1 1 21 — — — 23 1996 14 4 44 0 62 — — 1 1 31 — — — 33 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 — — 1 1 34 — — — 35 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 — — 1 1 32 — — — 34 1999 12 6 40 0 57 — — 1 (s) 33 — — — 35 2000 12 5 38 0 55 — — 1 (s) 26 — — — 28 2001 13 6 37 0 56 — — 1 (s) 22 — — — 23 2002 R9 R4 R31 0 R44 — — RP (s) (s) R28 — — — RP29 2003 P12 P7 P36 P0 P55 — — P1 P (s) P32 — — — P33 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 229 53 456 83 821 — — 28 267 15 — — — 311 1990 233 80 500 104 918 — — 31 335 16 — — — 382 1991 228 74 537 118 957 — — 30 318 14 — — — 362 1992 246 84 559 128 1,017 — — 31 359 15 — — — 405 1993 256 77 562 123 1,019 — — 30 355 17 — — — 401 1994 261 75 584 123 1,043 — — 62 364 14 — — — 440 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 — — 55 373 13 — — — 440 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 — — 61 394 13 — — — 468 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 — — 58 367 14 — — — 439 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 — — 55 349 13 — — — 417 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 — — 49 364 8 — — — 422 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 — — 42 369 10 — — — 421 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 — — 32 370 10 — — — 412 2002 R255 R55 R697 R106 R1,113 — — RP39 R464 R18 — — — RP520 2003 P243 P63 P673 P107 P1,086 — — P57 P424 P13 — — — P494 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricit

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverag"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ocomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnnEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Pow
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2003

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste236 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Residual Fuel

Total Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

1

2

34567

Trillion Cubic Feet

Waste

Wood

1989 1991 1993 1995 199

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2003

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

4.7

0.7

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet —Electricity-Only Plants

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

1,002

12 1

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons Electricity- Only Plants

CHP1

—CHP1—Electricity-Only Plants

196

11 1

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

50

100150200250

Million Barrels

488

437

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

200400600

Trillion Btu Electricity- Only Plants

CHP1
238 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selec

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Fossil Fuels R

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 Woo

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 781,672 27,733 249,820 303 667 281,192 3,485,429 90 1990 792,457 18,143 190,849 437 1,914 218,997 3,691,563 112 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 R5,832,305 97 2002 R987,583 R23,286 R109,235 R1,894 R6,836 R168,597 R6,126,062 R131 2003P 1,014,307 30,290 142,557 3,411 6,435 208,436 5,379,802 119 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning 

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plan

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility co• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of sectcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2003 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Fossil Fuels Ren

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 Wood 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 1990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 11991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 11992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 11993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 11994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 11995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 11996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 11997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 11998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 11999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 12000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 12001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 12002 R975,251 R21,810 R104,577 R1,243 R5,705 R156,154 R5,408,279 R25 R12003P 1,002,210 28,062 137,421 1,912 5,685 195,823 4,688,196 13 1

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined

the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 categoelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.5d for electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics,Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may nindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://w

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, 

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CommPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information Administration (EPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Powe"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, FReport" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NonuEIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report" and Form EIA-906, "PowEIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
240 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by 

 1989-2003 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Fossil Fuels R

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 Wo

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 0 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 1991 773,183 13,822 171,157 51 974 189,898 2,822,159 (s) 1992 781,186 11,998 135,779 48 1,320 154,428 2,828,996 (s) 1993 816,558 13,460 149,287 11 1,553 170,521 2,755,093 (s) 1994 821,209 16,693 134,666 52 1,193 157,375 3,064,561 (s) 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 2002 R960,077 R21,521 R102,622 R444 R3,925 R144,212 R4,258,467 R6 2003P 986,129 26,492 135,641 743 4,108 183,417 3,610,735 (s) 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 0 1,215 232,946 7 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 0 3,499 353,179 6 1991 9,470 433 473 7 0 912 393,898 6 1992 12,204 471 1,902 69 170 3,291 495,967 12 1993 13,293 1,098 2,120 202 1,018 8,513 589,147 12 1994 14,904 3,548 2,531 615 1,063 12,011 693,923 12 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 2002 R15,174 R289 R1,955 R800 R1,780 R11,942 R1,149,812 R20 2003P 16,081 1,571 1,780 1,169 1,577 12,406 1,077,461 13 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric 

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. 

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility co• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Repo"Monthly Power Plant Report" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator RepoReport" • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Indus

 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 W

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 0 0 1,165 17,987 1 1990 417 580 372 (s) 0 953 27,544 1 1991 403 430 146 (s) 0 576 26,806 1 1992 371 289 137 (s) 1 429 32,674 1 1993 404 384 279 4 1 672 37,435 1 1994 404 481 209 0 1 694 40,828 1 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 0 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 0 1997 630 583 200 0 1 790 38,975 (s) 1998 440 436 359 0 1 802 40,693 (s) 1999 481 506 421 0 1 931 39,045 0 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 0 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 0 2002 R477 R524 R292 R10 2 R834 R32,545 0 2003P 501 735 414 1 2 1,161 35,244 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 6,830 294 150 8,688 443,928 83 1990 10,740 1,169 7,192 412 905 13,299 516,729 104 1991 10,610 1,879 6,004 322 815 12,283 521,916 118 1992 11,379 1,735 6,650 642 1,013 14,093 542,081 128 1993 11,898 1,902 7,373 498 597 12,755 546,978 123 1994 12,279 1,644 7,818 263 762 13,537 567,836 123 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 R653,565 88 2002 R11,855 R952 R4,366 R640 R1,130 R11,608 R685,239 R106 2003P 11,596 1,493 4,722 1,498 748 11,453 656,362 107 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial ele

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. 

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Cov"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Po
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2003

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste242 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Sources: Table 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial Commercial

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

05

101520

Million Short Tons

Electric Power

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Industrial

Electric Power and Commerci

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1991 1993 1995 199

0

250500750

1,000

Trillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003 (Sum of Tables 8.6b a

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 W

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 16,391 353 247 19,391 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 18,465 895 918 26,002 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003P 18,175 2,320 10,194 1,803 754 18,087 753,431 143 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulf

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • Data do not include electrplants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end oin Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
244 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 8.

Year

Fossil Fuels R

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 Wo

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 0 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 0 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 0 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 R219 R355 3 119 R1,171 R199,808 6 2002 R2,255 R66 R197 R23 R111 R841 R263,619 R7 2003P 2,053 228 647 47 112 1,483 235,967 6 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels

consumed to produce electricity. • Data are for combined-heat-and

(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plaand industrial CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StPower Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (E

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIAReport—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnnuaEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Powe
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003 

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 0 0 803 12,049 (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) 0 1,104 18,913 (s) 1991 826 356 405 (s) 0 761 25,295 (s) 1992 804 259 538 (s) 2 807 29,672 (s) 1993 968 272 548 2 4 843 27,738 (s) 1994 940 534 379 0 4 931 31,457 (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 0 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 0 1997 1,108 470 309 0 3 794 47,941 (s) 1998 1,002 418 573 0 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1999 1,009 254 412 0 3 682 44,991 0 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 0 2001 R916 R505 304 0 0 R809 R42,407 0 2002 R929 R248 R108 R28 R6 R416 R41,430 0 2003P 991 234 277 1 7 546 35,484 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 14,320 352 247 16,997 469,588 113 1990 17,041 1,488 16,120 893 918 23,093 538,506 171 1991 16,412 2,567 13,893 834 777 21,177 538,800 180 1992 16,864 1,945 14,891 925 856 22,041 R565,279 194 1993 16,988 1,887 R16,311 R829 987 R23,960 R577,103 174 1994 17,428 1,906 R17,419 505 1,075 R25,207 R608,496 173 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 R656,665 175 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 R659,021 178 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 2001 R15,119 R1,850 R11,167 R560 R542 R16,287 R656,071 160 2002 R14,377 R1,149 R9,097 R1,312 R399 R13,555 R554,970 R139 2003P 15,131 1,857 9,269 1,755 635 16,058 481,981 137 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce u

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "P
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2003

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste246 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Total

1Useful thermal output. Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short TonsTotal

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet Electricity Generation

UTO1

Electricity

Generation

UTO1

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu Total

Total

Electricity

Generation

UTO1

Electricity

Generation

UTO1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 266,211 656 915 300,583 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 209,314 1,332 2,832 244,998 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 R19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 R4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 R1,571 4,200 R218,855 R4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 R164,047 1,539 4,157 R211,547 R5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 R5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 R5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 R1,005,144 R24,748 R118,637 R3,257 R7,353 R183,408 R6,986,081 R278 2003P 1,032,482 32,610 152,751 5,214 7,190 226,523 6,133,233 263 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agric

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, su

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
248 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outp

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 W

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 R977,507 R21,876 R104,773 R1,267 R5,816 R156,995 R5,671,897 R33 2003P 1,004,263 28,291 138,069 1,959 5,797 197,306 4,924,162 19 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and

(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whoselectricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.7c for commercidata. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and NotEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/Sources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EI

Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Rep"Monthly Power Plant Report" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric GeneraPlant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 W

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 0 0 1,967 30,037 1 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) 0 2,056 46,458 1 1991 1,228 786 551 (s) 0 1,337 52,101 1 1992 1,175 548 675 (s) 2 1,235 62,346 1 1993 1,373 656 828 6 5 1,515 65,173 1 1994 1,344 1,015 588 0 4 1,625 72,285 1 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 0 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 0 1997 1,738 1,053 509 0 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 1998 1,443 854 932 0 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 1999 1,490 759 834 0 4 1,613 84,037 0 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 R0 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 0 2002 R1,405 R771 R400 R38 R8 R1,250 R73,975 0 2003P 1,492 969 690 2 9 1,706 70,728 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 21,150 646 397 25,685 913,516 195 1990 27,781 2,657 23,312 1,305 1,824 36,392 1,055,235 275 1991 27,021 4,446 19,897 1,156 1,592 33,460 1,060,716 298 1992 28,244 3,680 21,540 1,567 1,870 36,135 R1,107,361 322 1993 28,886 3,788 23,684 R1,326 1,583 R36,715 R1,124,081 297 1994 29,707 3,550 R25,238 768 1,838 R38,744 R1,176,332 296 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 R1,258,063 290 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 R1,281,620 283 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 2002 R26,232 R2,101 R13,463 R1,953 R1,529 R25,163 R1,240,209 R245 2003P 26,727 3,350 13,992 3,253 1,383 27,511 1,138,343 244 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energ"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AnEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Po
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal Stocks, 1949-2003 Coal and Petroleum Stocks, 1973-2003Petroleum Stocks, 1949-2003 Petroleum Stocks by Product, 2003250 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short

ton.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical scale

compared.

Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

26

20

Residual Distillate 

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil 

2 Fuel Oil1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons 

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1971 77,778 NA NA NA 291 1972 99,722 NA NA NA 287 1973 86,967 10,095 79,121 NA 312 1974 83,509 15,199 97,718 NA 35 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19996 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 R141,714 R17,413 R25,723 800 R1,711 2003P 121,371 19,563 25,653 NA 1,455 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System)22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification 

at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commis

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratiPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport" and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report" and Form EIA-906, EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2003 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2003Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2003252 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

2 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

3 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public au

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.28

1.12

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

Other3

Commercial

Industrial

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use Residential Commercial 4 

2 Industrial 2 Other 3 Total

1949 67 45 123 20 255 NA 1950 72 51 146 22 291 NA 1955 128 79 260 29 497 NA 1960 201 131 324 32 688 NA 1965 291 200 429 34 954 NA 1970 466 307 571 48 1,392 NA 1971 500 329 589 51 1,470 NA 1972 539 359 641 56 1,595 NA 1973 579 388 686 59 1,713 NA 1974 578 385 685 58 1,706 NA 1975 588 403 688 68 1,747 NA 1976 606 425 754 70 1,855 NA 1977 645 447 786 71 1,948 NA 1978 674 461 809 73 2,018 NA 1979 683 473 842 73 2,071 NA 1980 717 488 815 74 2,094 NA 1981 722 514 826 85 2,147 NA 1982 730 526 745 86 2,086 NA 1983 751 544 776 80 2,151 NA 1984 780 583 838 85 2,286 NA 1985 794 606 837 87 2,324 NA 1986 819 631 831 89 2,369 NA 1987 850 660 858 88 2,457 NA 1988 893 699 896 90 2,578 NA 1989 906 726 926 90 2,647 108 1990 924 751 946 92 2,713 114 1991 955 766 947 94 2,762 118 1992 936 761 973 93 2,763 122 1993 995 795 977 95 2,861 128 1994 1,008 820 1,008 98 2,935 134 1995 1,043 863 1,013 95 3,013 144 1996 1,083 887 1,034 98 3,101 146 1997 1,076 929 1,038 103 3,146 148 1998 1,130 979 1,051 104 3,264 161 1999 1,145 1,002 1,058 107 3,312 183 2000 1,192 1,055 1,064 109 3,421 183 2001 1,203 1,089 964 114 3,370 RE174 2002 R1,267 R1,116 R972 R107 R3,463 RE178 2003 P1,280 P1,119 P991 P109 P3,500 E175 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy

service providers.

2 Retail customers are classified as "Commercial" or "Industrial" based on NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) codes or usage falling within specified limits by rate schedule. 3 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and railways, andinterdepartmental sales. 4 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity sales amongadjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.h

Sources: Retail Sales: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Po

Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." • OctobeRegulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly StatemIncome." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-8Statement." • 1984-1989—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Electric Power Monthly (March 2004), Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—Estimates are based on the increase in commercial and industrial net generation on Table 8.1.
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2003 By Sector, 2003Nominal, 1960-2003 Real1, 1960-2003254 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.10.

8.24

7.69

8.71

8.13

4.95

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

Cents per Kilowatthour

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour Nominal

Residential

Industrial

Other2

Commercial Residential

Other2

Industrial

Commercial

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

1015

Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2003

 (Cents per Kilowatthour)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 1 Other 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 

1960 2.6 R12.4 2.4 R11.4 1.1 R5.2 1.9 R9.0 1961 2.6 R12.2 2.4 R11.3 1.1 R5.2 1.8 R8.5 1962 2.6 R12.0 2.4 R11.1 1.1 R5.1 1.9 R8.8 1963 2.5 R11.5 2.3 R10.6 1.0 R4.6 1.8 R8.3 1964 2.5 R11.3 2.2 R9.9 1.0 R4.5 1.8 R8.1 1965 2.4 R10.6 2.2 R9.8 1.0 R4.4 1.8 R8.0 1966 2.3 R9.9 2.1 R9.1 1.0 R4.3 1.8 R7.8 1967 2.3 R9.6 2.1 R8.8 1.0 R4.2 1.8 R7.5 1968 2.3 R9.2 2.1 R8.4 1.0 R4.0 1.8 R7.2 1969 2.2 R8.4 2.1 R8.0 1.0 R3.8 1.7 R6.5 1970 2.2 R8.0 2.1 R7.6 1.0 R3.6 1.8 R6.5 1971 2.3 R8.0 2.2 R7.6 1.1 R3.8 1.9 R6.6 1972 2.4 R8.0 2.3 R7.6 1.2 R4.0 2.0 R6.6 1973 2.5 R7.8 2.4 R7.5 1.3 R4.1 2.1 R6.6 1974 3.1 R8.9 3.0 R8.6 1.7 R4.9 2.8 R8.1 1975 3.5 R9.2 3.5 R9.2 2.1 R5.5 3.1 R8.2 1976 3.7 R9.2 3.7 R9.2 2.2 R5.5 3.3 R8.2 1977 4.1 R9.6 4.1 R9.6 2.5 R5.8 3.5 R8.2 1978 4.3 R9.4 4.4 R9.6 2.8 R6.1 3.6 R7.9 1979 4.6 R9.3 4.7 R9.5 3.1 R6.3 4.0 R8.1 1980 5.4 R10.0 5.5 R10.2 3.7 R6.8 4.8 R8.9 1981 6.2 R10.5 6.3 R10.7 4.3 R7.3 5.3 R9.0 1982 6.9 R11.0 6.9 R11.0 5.0 R8.0 5.9 R9.4 1983 7.2 R11.0 7.0 R10.7 5.0 R7.7 6.4 R9.8 1984 7.15 R10.57 7.13 R10.54 4.83 R7.14 5.90 R8.72 1985 7.39 R10.60 7.27 R10.43 4.97 R7.13 6.09 R8.74 1986 7.42 R10.41 7.20 R10.11 4.93 R6.92 6.11 R8.58 1987 7.45 R10.18 7.08 R9.67 4.77 R6.52 6.21 R8.48 1988 7.48 R9.88 7.04 R9.30 4.70 R6.21 6.20 R8.19 1989 7.65 R9.74 7.20 R9.17 4.72 R6.01 6.25 R7.96 1990 7.83 R9.60 7.34 R9.00 4.74 R5.81 6.40 R7.84 1991 8.04 R9.52 7.53 R8.92 4.83 R5.72 6.51 R7.71 1992 8.21 R9.50 7.66 R8.87 4.83 R5.59 6.74 R7.80 1993 8.32 R9.41 7.74 R8.76 4.85 R5.49 6.88 R7.78 1994 8.38 R9.28 7.73 R8.56 4.77 R5.28 6.84 R7.58 1995 8.40 R9.12 7.69 R8.35 4.66 R5.06 6.88 R7.47 1996 8.36 R8.91 7.64 R8.14 4.60 R4.90 6.91 R7.36 1997 8.43 R8.84 7.59 R7.95 4.53 R4.75 6.91 R7.24 1998 8.26 R8.56 7.41 R7.68 4.48 R4.64 6.63 R6.87 1999 8.16 R8.34 7.26 R7.42 4.43 R4.53 6.35 R6.49 2000 8.24 R8.24 7.43 R7.43 4.64 R4.64 6.56 R6.56 2001 8.62 R8.42 7.93 R7.75 5.04 R4.92 7.03 R6.87 2002 R8.46 R8.14 R7.86 R7.56 R4.88 R4.69 R6.73 R6.47 2003 8.71 8.24 8.13 7.69 4.95 4.68 6.95 6.58 

1 Retail customers are classified as "Commercial" or "Industrial" based on NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) codes or usage falling within specified limits by rate schedule. 2 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and railways, andinterdepartmental sales. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

R=Revised. Notes: • Data represent revenue from electricity retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Through

1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only. For 1980-1982, data are forselected Class A utilities whose electric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous

year. For 1983, data are for a selected sample of electric utilities. B

of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy serv

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commissio

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-FebrCommission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Elect• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Ut• 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-82Statement." • 1984-1989—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Electric Power Monthly (March 2004), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2003 By Major Category, 2003By Source, 2003256 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Total

1 Petroleum and natural gas.2 Conventional and pumped storage.3 Other gases, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million kilowatts. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

737

99 

Fossil Nuclear 

0

200400600800

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Electric

Power

315

210

171

100 99

38

6 5 4 2 

Coal Natural Gas Dual Fired1 Hydroelectric Nuclear Petroleum Wood Wind Waste Geothermal 

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Kilowatts

Power2 Electric

Power
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2003 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2003 Industrial Sector, 2003

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

1 Petroleum and natural gas.2 Conventional.3 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1989 1991 1993 1995 199

0

250500750

1,000

Million Kilowatts

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts Electric Power Sector Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

Electricity-Only Plants

Combined-Heat-and-Powe

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.3 0.3

Dual Natural Waste Coal Petroleum

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Million Kilowatts

14.6

4.4 4.0

1.8

1.2 

Natural Wood Coal Other Dual H

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

el

P

Fired1 Gas Gas Gases 

Fired1
258 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Win

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0.0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0.0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA N1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA N1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA N1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA N1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA N1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA N1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA N1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA (s1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA (s1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA (s1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) (s1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (s1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (s1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) (s1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) (s198913 303.1 48.8 54.1 111.8 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 0.2 11990 307.4 49.0 56.2 113.6 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 0.3 11991 307.4 47.3 60.8 113.7 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 0.3 11992 309.4 45.6 60.7 118.9 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 0.3 11993 310.1 44.0 65.5 120.2 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 0.3 11994 311.4 42.7 70.7 123.1 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 0.3 11995 311.4 43.7 75.4 122.0 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 0.3 11996 313.4 43.6 74.5 128.6 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 0.3 11997 313.6 43.2 76.3 129.4 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 0.3 11998 315.8 40.4 75.8 130.4 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 0.3 11999 315.5 35.6 73.6 146.0 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 0.4 22000 R315.1 R35.9 95.7 149.8 2.3 R598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 0.4 22001 314.2 39.7 125.8 153.5 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.1 79.5 5.9 3.8 2.2 0.4 32002 R315.4 R38.2 R171.7 R162.3 R2.0 R689.5 R98.7 R20.4 R79.4 R5.8 3.8 R2.3 0.4 R42003P 315.4 38.1 210.3 170.9 2.0 736.7 98.8 20.4 79.4 5.9 3.9 2.3 0.4 4

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Included in "Wood."

12 Included in "Wind."13 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning 

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial pla

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple 

to the predominant energy source. • See Note 1, "Coverage of E• See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals maindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0.0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0.0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA 1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA 1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA 1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA 1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA 1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) 1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) 1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) 198913 298.0 48.0 46.1 109.4 0.4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 0.2 1990 302.3 48.0 47.9 110.8 0.4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 0.3 1991 302.5 46.4 52.9 110.9 0.7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 0.3 1992 304.3 44.7 52.0 116.1 0.7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 0.3 1993 305.0 43.1 56.1 117.6 0.7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 0.3 1994 306.1 41.7 61.1 120.2 0.7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 0.3 1995 306.0 42.7 65.6 119.1 0.3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 0.3 1996 308.1 42.6 64.5 125.7 0.1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 0.3 1997 308.5 42.0 65.7 126.7 0.2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 0.3 1998 310.9 39.2 64.4 128.5 0.1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 0.3 1999 310.7 34.5 61.6 143.7 0.2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 0.4 2000 R310.2 34.9 82.6 147.9 0.3 R575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 0.4 2001 309.8 38.4 111.1 152.0 0.3 611.6 98.2 19.1 78.4 1.6 3.3 2.2 0.4 2002 R311.0 R37.3 R157.4 R160.4 R0.3 R666.5 R98.7 R20.4 R78.3 1.6 3.4 R2.3 0.4 2003P 311.2 37.3 195.2 169.1 0.3 713.0 98.8 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.4 2.3 0.4 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Included in "Wood."12 Included in "Wind."13 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned

to the predominant energy source. • The electric pow

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (Nort22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or elec8.11d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only daStatistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ene"Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1984—Energy Information Administration 

EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-199Generator Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—UtilityGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form Eand Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form E
260 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2003

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Win

Electricity-Only Plants 10

1989 296.5 47.9 43.2 106.2 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 1990 299.9 47.8 44.1 106.4 0.4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 0.3 1.8 1991 299.6 46.0 48.4 106.1 0.7 500.8 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.1 2.2 2.6 0.3 1.9 1992 300.8 44.4 47.7 109.5 0.7 503.1 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 0.3 1.8 1993 301.2 42.8 49.8 111.2 0.7 505.7 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.2 2.4 2.9 0.3 1.8 1994 301.6 41.4 51.5 113.5 0.7 508.7 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.5 2.5 3.0 0.3 1.7 1995 301.3 42.4 55.5 112.1 0.3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 0.3 1.7 1996 303.1 42.2 52.9 118.6 0.1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1.7 1997 303.6 41.7 54.1 119.1 0.2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 0.3 1.6 1998 305.9 38.8 50.3 122.5 0.1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1.7 1999 305.5 34.2 49.8 135.2 0.2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 0.4 2.3 2000 R305.2 R34.4 67.6 141.8 0.1 R549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 0.4 2.4 2001 305.2 38.1 R93.0 R148.2 0.1 R584.5 98.2 19.1 78.4 1.5 3.0 2.2 0.4 3.6 2002 R305.8 R36.5 R135.5 R152.5 0.1 R630.4 R98.7 R20.4 R78.3 R1.4 R2.9 R2.3 0.4 R4.4 2003P 305.5 36.4 172.9 161.0 0.1 675.8 98.8 20.4 78.3 1.4 3.0 2.3 0.4 4.9 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 11

1989 1.5 0.1 2.8 3.3 0.0 7.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1990 2.4 0.1 3.9 4.4 0.0 10.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1991 2.9 0.3 4.5 4.8 0.0 12.5 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1992 3.5 0.3 4.3 6.6 (s) 14.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1993 3.8 0.3 6.3 6.4 0.0 16.8 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1994 4.5 0.3 9.6 6.8 0.0 21.0 — — 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1995 4.8 0.3 10.0 7.0 0.0 22.1 — — 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 — 0.0 1996 5.0 0.3 11.5 7.2 0.0 24.0 — — 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 — 0.0 1997 4.9 0.3 11.6 7.6 (s) 24.4 — — 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 — 0.0 1998 5.0 0.4 14.1 6.0 0.0 25.5 — — 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 — 0.0 1999 5.2 0.2 11.8 8.4 0.0 25.7 — — 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 — 0.0 2000 R5.0 0.4 15.1 6.1 0.3 R26.9 — — 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 — 0.0 2001 4.6 0.4 R18.0 R3.8 0.3 R27.1 — — (s) 0.1 0.4 (s) — 0.3 2002 R5.2 R0.8 R21.9 R7.9 R0.2 R36.1 — — R0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 — 0.0 2003P 5.7 0.9 22.4 8.1 0.2 37.2 — — 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 — 0.0 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classificaton System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

11 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multiple 

to the predominant energy source. • See Table 8.11d for electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatisticPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Genera• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Generator Report" and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power PForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility" anGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-8and Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-9
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydro

electric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 — 1.0 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1990 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 — 1.2 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1991 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 — 1.1 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1992 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 — 1.2 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1993 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 — 1.3 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1994 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 — 1.7 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1995 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1996 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 1997 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 — 1.9 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 1998 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.5 — — 1999 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.5 — — 2000 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 2001 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.6 — 2.5 — (s) (s) (s) 0.3 — — 2002 0.3 0.3 R0.5 R0.7 — R1.8 — (s) (s) (s) R0.4 — — 2003P 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 — 1.6 — (s) (s) (s) 0.4 — — 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 4.8 0.7 7.9 1.8 1.2 16.5 — — 0.5 4.1 0.2 — — 1990 4.8 0.9 8.1 2.2 1.3 17.3 — — 0.6 4.3 0.2 — — 1991 4.7 0.8 7.8 2.3 1.4 17.1 — — 0.6 4.8 0.2 — — 1992 4.8 0.8 8.4 2.2 1.4 17.6 — — 0.6 4.8 0.3 — — 1993 4.9 0.8 9.1 1.9 1.2 18.0 — — 0.6 5.0 0.3 — — 1994 5.0 0.9 9.3 1.9 1.4 18.5 — — 1.1 5.0 0.3 — — 1995 5.0 0.8 9.5 1.9 1.4 18.7 — — 1.1 4.9 0.2 — — 1996 5.0 0.8 9.6 1.9 1.6 19.0 — — 1.1 5.1 0.2 — — 1997 4.8 1.0 10.3 1.7 1.3 19.2 — — 1.1 5.1 0.2 — — 1998 4.6 1.0 10.8 1.3 1.5 19.1 — — 1.1 5.0 0.2 — — 1999 4.4 0.8 11.5 1.6 1.7 20.1 — — 1.1 5.0 0.2 — — 2000 4.6 0.8 12.5 1.3 2.0 21.2 — — 1.1 4.4 0.2 — — 2001 4.2 1.0 13.3 0.9 1.3 20.7 — — 1.0 4.2 0.1 — — 2002 R4.0 R0.6 R13.7 R1.1 R1.8 R21.2 — — 1.0 R4.3 0.1 — — 2003P 4.0 0.6 14.6 1.2 1.8 22.1 — — 1.0 4.4 0.1 — — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • See Tables 8.11b and 8.and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatisPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Ge• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 and 2002—EIA, Form EIA-860, "AEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "P
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2003 Capacity Margin, 1996-2003U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2003 North American Electric Reliability Council Ma262 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Summer

Notes: • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual

systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for information on NorthAmerican Electric Reliability Council (NERC).

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compSource: Table 8.12.

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

200400600800

GigawattsWinter

86

47 44 45 42

24

47

138

30

105 101

58

42

56 57

30

57

158

41

119

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN MAPP NPCC SERC SPP WECC

0

50

100150200

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

0

10203040

Percent

ASCC

Summer

Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2003

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 

North American Electric Reliability Council Regions 1

Contiguous

United

States

ASCC

(Alaska) 

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN 

MAPP

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) SERC SPP

WECC 2

(U.S.)

Summer

1986 69,606 39,335 — 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 4 ( ) 1987 72,561 39,339 — 40,526 37,446 23,162 42,651 109,798 47,723 82,967 496,173 4 ( ) 1988 79,149 40,843 — 43,110 41,139 24,899 45,245 115,168 49,356 90,551 529,460 4 ( ) 1989 75,442 40,402 — 41,614 39,460 24,336 45,031 117,729 49,439 90,657 524,110 456 1990 79,258 42,737 — 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 1991 81,224 41,870 — 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 1992 78,550 42,619 — 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 1993 80,930 44,255 — 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 1994 87,165 44,162 — 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 1995 92,619 46,618 — 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 1996 90,798 47,480 — 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 5 ( ) 1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 5 ( ) 1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 5 ( ) 1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 5 ( ) 2000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 5 ( ) 2001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 5 ( ) 2002 R102,996 R56,248 R40,696 R55,569 R56,396 R29,119 R56,012 R158,767 R39,688 R119,074 R714,565 5 ( ) 2003F 100,714 57,639 41,618 56,257 57,169 29,957 56,550 157,864 40,564 119,320 717,652 5 ( ) 

Winter

1986 64,561 28,730 — 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 4 ( ) 1987 68,118 31,399 — 35,775 30,606 19,335 41,902 105,476 34,472 81,182 448,265 4 ( ) 1988 67,771 34,621 — 36,363 30,631 20,162 42,951 108,649 35,649 82,937 459,734 4 ( ) 1989 73,080 38,388 — 38,161 33,770 21,360 42,588 121,995 42,268 84,768 496,378 626 1990 67,097 35,815 — 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 1991 71,181 35,448 — 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 1992 72,885 35,055 — 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 1993 81,846 35,407 — 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 1994 75,638 36,180 — 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 1995 83,465 36,965 — 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 1996 84,534 38,868 — 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 5 ( ) 1997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 5 ( ) 1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 5 ( ) 1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 5 ( ) 2000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 5 ( ) 2001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 5 ( ) 2002 R87,300 R45,414 R45,635 R46,551 R42,412 R23,645 R46,009 R141,882 R30,187 R95,951 R604,986 5 ( ) 2003F 86,120 46,538 44,266 44,748 42,332 24,148 46,903 138,291 29,891 105,492 608,729 5 ( ) 

1 See Glossary for information on the North American Electric Reliablility Council (NERC) Regions. 

Data include the U.S. portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.

2 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002. 3 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than

estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internaldemand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers withinterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only. 4 Data submission for ASCC (Alaska) began in 1989.

5 Data were not filed.

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. — = Not applicaNote: Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more pe

occur at the same time interval.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric 

Tables 3.1-3.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bupredecessor forms. 
Figure 8.13 Electricity Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2002 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2002Energy Savings, 1989-2002 Costs, 1989-2002264 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars. Source: Table 8.13.

12 14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

0

10203040

Gigawatts

41

9,516

59

13,420

Total: 22,936 Megawatts

Energy Efficiency

13,420

(59%)

Load Management

9,516

(41%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51

54 55 54

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

0

1530456075

Billion Kilowatthours 0.9 1.2 1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1

1989 1991 1993 1995 19

0

1

2

3

Billion Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2002

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

(megawatts)

Energy Savings

(million kilowatthours)

Energy Efficiency 

2 Load Management 3 Total

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,326 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 54,762 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordancewith contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control

of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the 

usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In somaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) awith contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating s

4 Nominal dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs op

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be aterminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Somprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EffPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to thby the Energy Information Administration.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1989 and 1990—Energy Information Administrati

Utility Report." • 1991 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 209.7. 
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities

also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that generatedelectricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilitiesexclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independent power producers,commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a generator nameplatecapacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with a generator nameplatecapacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics inSection 8 are data for residential and commercial self-generation from solar energy,except for the small amount sold to the grid and included in data for the electricpower sector.Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only andcombined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the NorthAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas

extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacdistribution); and 22131 (water supply and irrigation Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are Sector. Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assiguniversal list at: www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/naicoNote 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Throu

(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of trad

and hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-elfrom kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 

data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived geothermal energy are no longer included in renewThey continue to be included in total U.S. energy celectricity net imports, with energy sources unspeciThis change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resu

Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 

266 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Nuclear Energy

9

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangulareactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coafired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Status of All Ordered Units, 1953-2003 Operable Units,1 1957-2003Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits, Licenses, and Shutdowns, 1953-2003268 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Units holding full-power operating license, or equivalent permission to operate.2 Bellefonte 1 and 2 and Watts Bar 2, where construction has been stopped indefinitely. 3 Includes WNP 1; the licensee intends to request that the construction permit be cancelled.4 Ceased operation permanently.5 Placement of an order by a utility or government agency for a nuclear steam supply system.

6 Issuance by a regulatory authority of a permit, or equivale

construction.

7 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating lic

Note: Data are at end of year.Source: Table 9.1.

Cancelled3

124

Operable1

104

Pending2

3

Shut Down

28

Total Units Ordered: 259

4

Total Units Ordered: 259

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

50

100150200250300

Number of Units

Co

Full-P

Peak: 112 Units in 1990
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2003

Year Orders 1

Cancelled

Orders 2

Construction

Permits 3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses 4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses 5 Shutdo

1953 1 0 0 0 0 1954 0 0 0 0 0 1955 3 0 1 0 0 1956 1 0 3 0 0 1957 2 0 1 1 1 1958 4 0 0 0 0 1959 4 0 3 1 1 1960 1 0 7 1 1 1961 0 0 0 0 0 1962 2 0 1 7 6 1963 4 0 1 3 2 1964 0 0 3 2 3 1965 7 0 1 0 0 1966 20 0 5 1 2 1967 29 0 14 3 3 1968 16 0 23 0 0 1969 9 0 7 4 4 1970 14 0 10 4 3 1971 21 0 4 5 2 1972 38 7 8 6 6 1973 42 0 14 12 15 1974 28 9 23 14 15 1975 4 13 9 3 2 1976 3 1 9 7 7 1977 4 10 15 4 4 1978 2 13 13 3 4 1979 0 6 2 0 0 1980 0 15 0 5 2 1981 0 9 0 3 4 1982 0 18 0 6 4 1983 0 6 0 3 3 1984 0 6 0 7 6 1985 0 2 0 7 9 1986 0 2 0 7 5 1987 0 0 0 6 8 1988 0 3 0 1 2 1989 0 0 0 3 4 1990 0 1 0 1 2 1991 0 0 0 0 0 1992 0 0 0 0 0 1993 0 0 0 1 1 1994 0 1 0 0 0 1995 0 2 0 1 0 1996 0 0 0 0 1 1997 0 0 0 80 80 1998 0 0 0 0 0 1999 0 0 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 0 2002 0 0 0 0 0 2003 0 0 0 0 0 Total 259 124 177 132 132 2

1 Placement of an order by a utility or government agency for a nuclear steam supply system. 2 Cancellation by utilities of ordered units. Includes WNP 1; the licensee intends to request that the

construction permit be cancelled. Does not include three units (Bellefonte 1 and 2 and Watts Bar 2) whereconstruction has been stopped indefinitely. 3 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Numbers reflect permits issued in a given year, not extant permits. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission. Unitsgenerally did not begin immediate operation. 6 Ceased operation permanently. 7 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, atthe end of the year. Although Browns Ferry 1 was shut down in 1985, the unit has remained fully licensedand thus has continued to be counted as operable during the shutdown; in May 2002, the TennesseeValley Authority announced its intention to have the unit resume operation in 2007.

8 Under new regulations beginning in 1997, the ter

"Full-Power Operating Licenses" are no longer applicable; whithe new regulations, applications were made in 2003 for three "

— = Not applicable. Note: See Note, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: Operable Units: • 1953-1982—Compiled from v

Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs, "U.S. CUnits: Significant Milestones." • 1983 forward—Energy Infor"Annual Electric Generator Report," and predecessor forms. AEnergy Commission, 1973 Annual Report to Congress, VolumInstitute, Historical Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Developme1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Reactors Built, BeinRegulatory Commission (NRC), Information Digest (1997 and 1utility, Federal, and contractor officials. • 1998 forward—NRC, 
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2003 Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 19Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2003 Capacity Factor, 1973-2003270 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

Nuclear

1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Percent

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Percent

2003

99
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2003

Year

Nuclear Electricity

Net Generation

Nuclear Share

of Electricity

Net Generation

Net Summer Capacity

of Operable Units 1 

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 0.2 (s) 0.1 1959 0.2 (s) 0.1 1960 0.5 0.1 0.4 1961 1.7 0.2 0.4 1962 2.3 0.3 0.7 1963 3.2 0.3 0.8 1964 3.3 0.3 0.8 1965 3.7 0.3 0.8 1966 5.5 0.5 1.7 1967 7.7 0.6 2.7 1968 12.5 0.9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 R20.2 R98.7 2003P 763.7 19.8 98.8 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation: 

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: Table 

weighted average of monthly values for the year. Monthly fageneration divided by the maximum possible generation for that is the number of hours in the month multiplied by the net summfraction is then multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2003 Production and Trade, 2003Inventories, End of Year 1981-2003 Average Prices, 1981-2003272 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Purchased

Imports

Purchased

Imports

Domestic

Purchases

1 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

102030405060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export

Sales

Domestic

Concentrate

Production

2

53

Domestic Purchased Import

0

102030405060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Total

1985 1990 

0

10203040

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric Plants Domestic Suppliers
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases

From

Domestic

Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic

Suppliers

Electric

Plants Total

Million Pounds U3O8 

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 0.92 5.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 0.0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 24.55 0.0 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 25.80 0.0 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 26.47 0.0 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 23.06 0.0 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 E2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 R 57.2 R 48.7 R 53.5 R 102.1 2003 E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 P 62.3 P 39.5 P 45.7 P 85.2 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported U3O8. Trade data prior to 1982 were for transactionsconducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers (consumers) havebeen included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.

3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 Nominal dollars.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. 

Note: U3O8 is uranium oxide. See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossa

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclea

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • 1967Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2003—EIA, "Do2004), and "Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May 2004), Tab
Nuclear Energy

Note. Coverge of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the Energy InformationAdministration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully describe thehistory of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame wasextended back to the birth of the industry in 1953, and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories it was necessary to develop a reactor unit database employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 and stillused for Table 9.2. The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, which means thatthe units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259 unitsever ordered was identified. Although most orders were placed by electric utilities,several units are or were ordered, owned, and operated wholly or in part by theFederal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nuclear Superheater Power

Station), Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, Hallam, Hanford N, Piqua,

and Shippingport.A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 while it possessed a fullpower license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor theAtomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of theyear. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude units retaining full-powerlicenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For example:

y In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Va

Ferry 1, 2, and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were forced outage. Browns Ferry 1 remains shut while the other units were idle for several y1988, and 1988, respectively. All five units athe shutdowns. Brown’s Ferry 1 is the only ohas not returned to service. Because it is stcontinues to meet the definition of operable. 

y Shippingport was shut down from 1974 thro

light-water breeder reactor, but is counted as 1982. 

y Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 19

izer heater sleeves but is counted as operable d

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mgranted a full-power license in April 1989, but was snever restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable awould introduce a statistical discrepancy in the talThree Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit for several years, it is considered permanently shut do

274 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Renewable Energy

10

Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy, 2003 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Ma`

Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 20

276 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other

biomass. 2 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Waste1 9%– Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

45%

Petroleum

40%

Natural Gas

23%

6%

Coal

23%

8%

– Wind 2%– Geothermal 5%

Nuclear Electric

Power

8%

– Alcohol Fuels2 4%

– Solar 1%– Wood 34%

Renewable

Energy

6%

Wood

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

2.8

2.1

0.6

0.3 

Conventional Wood Waste1 Geo- 

0

1

2

3

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectric

Power

thermal 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Wood 2 Waste 3

Alcohol

Fuels 4 Geothermal 5 Solar 6 

1949 1,425 1,549 NA NA NA NA 1950 1,415 1,562 NA NA NA NA 1955 1,360 1,424 NA NA NA NA 1960 1,608 1,320 NA NA 1 NA 1965 2,059 1,335 NA NA 4 NA 1970 2,634 1,429 2 NA 11 NA 1971 2,824 1,430 2 NA 12 NA 1972 2,864 1,501 2 NA 31 NA 1973 2,861 1,527 2 NA 43 NA 1974 3,177 1,538 2 NA 53 NA 1975 3,155 1,497 2 NA 70 NA 1976 2,976 1,711 2 NA 78 NA 1977 2,333 1,837 2 NA 77 NA 1978 2,937 2,036 1 NA 64 NA 1979 2,931 2,150 2 NA 84 NA 1980 2,900 2,483 2 NA 110 NA 1981 2,758 2,495 88 7 123 NA 1982 3,266 2,477 119 19 105 NA 1983 3,527 2,639 157 35 129 NA 1984 3,386 2,629 208 43 165 (s) 1985 2,970 2,576 236 52 198 (s) 1986 3,071 2,518 263 60 219 (s) 1987 2,635 2,465 289 69 229 (s) 1988 2,334 2,552 315 70 217 (s) 1989 2,837 2,637 354 71 317 55 1990 3,046 2,191 408 63 336 60 1991 3,016 2,190 440 73 346 63 1992 2,617 2,290 473 83 349 64 1993 2,892 R2,227 479 97 364 66 1994 2,683 2,315 515 109 338 69 1995 3,205 2,420 531 117 294 70 1996 3,590 2,467 577 84 316 71 1997 3,640 2,350 551 106 325 70 1998 3,297 2,175 542 117 328 70 1999 3,268 2,224 540 122 331 69 2000 2,811 2,257 511 139 317 66 2001 2,201 R1,980 514 147 311 65 2002 RP2,675 R2,036 R581 174 R328 P64 2003 P2,779 P2,086 P558 P239 P314 P63 

1 Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in renewable energy. 2 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 3 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 4 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 5 Geothermal electricity net generation, heat pump, and direct use energy. 6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation, and solar thermal direct use energy. 7 Wind electricity net generation. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 

Notes: • See Table E1 for estimated renewable energy co

"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals independent rounding. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors

End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2003 Industrial1 Sector, Major Sources, 1989-2003Residential Sector, 1989-2003 Transportation Sector, 1989-2003 Commercial1 Sector, M278 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricityonly plants. 2 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.3 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small

amounts of commercial sector use.

4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

Notes: • See related Figure 10.2b on the electric power se

differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

0.4

0.1

1.8

0.2

3.6

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Wood

Waste

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar3 and Geothermal4

End-Use Sectors

Wood

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

50

100150200250

Trillion Btu

1990 1992 199

0

102030405060

Trillion Btu

Power

Sector

Woo

Alcohol Fuels2 Was
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Share of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2003 Electric Power Sector Total and HydroelectrNon-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2003 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2003

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Notes: • See related Figure 10.2a on the end-use sectors. • Because vertical scales differ,

graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

Electric Power Sector

59%

1950 1960 1970 198

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

End-Use Total

41%

Geothermal

346

276

161

Waste Geothermal Wood 

0

100200300400

Trillion Btu

Wood

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

100200300400

Trillion Btu

Waste

Wind

Solar
280 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table 10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 

Wood 

3

Geothermal 4 Solar 5 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 

1949 1,055 NA NA 1,055 NA 20 NA NA 20 76 468 NA NA 1950 1,006 NA NA 1,006 NA 19 NA NA 19 69 532 NA NA 1955 775 NA NA 775 NA 15 NA NA 15 38 631 NA NA 1960 627 NA NA 627 NA 12 NA NA 12 39 680 NA NA 1965 468 NA NA 468 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 855 NA NA 1970 401 NA NA 401 NA 8 NA NA 8 34 1,019 NA NA 1971 382 NA NA 382 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,040 NA NA 1972 380 NA NA 380 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,113 NA NA 1973 354 NA NA 354 NA 7 NA NA 7 35 1,165 NA NA 1974 371 NA NA 371 NA 7 NA NA 7 33 1,159 NA NA 1975 425 NA NA 425 NA 8 NA NA 8 32 1,063 NA NA 1976 482 NA NA 482 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 1,220 NA NA 1977 542 NA NA 542 NA 10 NA NA 10 33 1,281 NA NA 1978 622 NA NA 622 NA 12 NA NA 12 32 1,400 NA NA 1979 728 NA NA 728 NA 14 NA NA 14 34 1,405 NA NA 1980 859 NA NA 859 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,600 NA NA 1981 869 NA NA 869 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,602 87 NA 1982 937 NA NA 937 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,516 118 NA 1983 925 NA NA 925 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,690 155 NA 1984 923 NA NA 923 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,679 204 NA 1985 899 NA NA 899 NA 24 NA NA 24 33 1,645 230 NA 1986 876 NA NA 876 NA 27 NA NA 27 33 1,610 256 NA 1987 852 NA NA 852 NA 29 NA NA 29 33 1,576 282 NA 1988 885 NA NA 885 NA 32 NA NA 32 33 1,625 308 NA 1989 918 5 53 976 1 36 22 3 61 28 1,584 200 2 1990 581 6 56 642 1 39 28 3 71 31 1,442 192 2 1991 613 6 58 677 1 41 26 3 72 30 1,410 185 2 1992 645 6 60 711 1 44 32 3 81 31 1,461 179 2 1993 548 7 62 616 1 46 33 3 84 30 R1,483 181 2 R1994 537 6 64 607 1 46 35 4 86 62 1,580 199 3 1995 596 7 65 667 1 46 40 5 92 55 1,652 195 3 1996 595 7 65 667 1 50 53 5 110 61 1,683 224 3 1997 433 8 65 506 1 49 58 6 113 58 1,731 184 3 1998 387 8 65 459 1 48 54 7 111 55 1,603 180 3 1999 414 9 64 486 1 52 54 7 114 49 1,620 171 4 2000 433 9 61 503 1 53 47 8 109 42 1,636 145 4 2001 R370 9 60 R439 1 R40 39 8 89 32 1,443 150 5 2002 R313 10 R59 R382 RP (s) R42 R42 9 RP93 RP39 R1,531 R174 5 RP2003 P359 P18 P58 P435 P1 P42 P48 P15 P106 P57 P1,524 P164 P5 P

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes a small amount of

commercial sector use.

6 Conventional hydroelectric power.

7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricult8 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into E

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewab

Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, Selected Years, 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 2 Waste 3 Geothermal 4 Solar 5 Wind 6 

1949 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1950 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1955 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1960 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1965 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 1970 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 1971 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 1972 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 1973 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 1974 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 1975 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 1976 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 1977 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 1978 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 1979 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 1980 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 1981 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 1982 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 1983 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 1984 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 1985 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 1986 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 1987 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 1988 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 1989 12,808 1100 1132 1308 13 122 11990 3,014 129 188 326 4 29 1991 2,985 126 229 335 5 31 1992 2,586 140 262 338 4 30 1993 2,861 150 265 351 5 31 1994 2,620 152 282 325 5 36 1995 3,149 125 296 280 5 33 1996 3,528 138 300 300 5 33 1997 3,581 137 309 309 5 34 1998 3,241 137 308 311 5 31 1999 3,218 138 315 312 5 46 2000 2,768 134 318 296 5 57 2001 2,169 126 324 289 6 68 2002 RP2,636 R150 R365 R305 P6 RP105 RP2003 P2,722 P161 P346 P276 P5 P108 P

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

2 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 3 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 4 Geothermal electricity net generation. 5 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation.

6 Wind electricity net generation.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end 

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2002 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2002 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers, 1974-1984 and 1986-2002 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 282 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. 3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

Notes: • Data were not collected for 1985. • Special collec

concentrating (focusing) collectors–are included in the mediu• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compa

Source: Table 10.3.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 

0369

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

34

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 199

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Square Feet Low-Tempera

Collectors
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2002

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Sh

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

1974 6 1,137 189.5 NA 39 137 3.5 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 232.8 NA 118 717 6.1 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204.0 NA 203 1,925 9.5 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91.2 NA 297 5,569 18.8 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85.1 NA 204 4,988 24.5 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100.0 NA 257 5,856 22.8 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 154.8 NA 250 7,165 28.7 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 115.7 NA 263 11,456 43.6 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 122.6 NA 248 11,145 44.9 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88.2 NA 179 11,975 66.9 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93.3 NA 206 11,939 58.0 NA 773 NA 17,191 1985 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 170.5 2.30 87 1,111 12.8 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263.1 2.18 50 957 19.1 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 415.8 2.24 45 732 16.2 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428.3 2.60 36 1,989 55.3 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 303.8 2.90 41 2,527 61.6 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349.0 2.90 41 989 24.1 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 386.7 2.50 34 897 26.4 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 463.5 2.80 33 931 28.2 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426.0 2.54 31 803 26.0 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487.0 2.32 26 840 32.0 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487.0 2.67 19 785 41.0 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579.0 2.60 21 606 29.0 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607.0 2.83 19 443 23.0 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627.0 2.08 20 427 21.0 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723.0 2.09 16 400 25.0 23.98 5 223.26 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092.0 2.15 17 268 16.0 32.40 2 107.76 11,189 2002 12 11,046 921.0 1.97 18 615 34.0 18.63 2 22.50 11,663 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. 4 Total shipments as reported by respondents include all domestic and export shipments and may

include imports that subsequently were shipped to domestic or to 

5 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by 

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and shipments.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Manufacturers producing more than one type of c

• No data are available for 1985. • High-temperature colmanufacturer.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annu
Figure 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2002

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type Residential and Commercial Sectors by Type284 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.4.

11.1

0.4 0.2

Pool Water All Other

0369

12

Million Square Feet

11.0

0.6

0.1

Residential Commercial All Other

0369

12

Million Square Feet

11

Low-Tem

0369

12

Million Square Feet

Heating Heating

(s) 0.4

11.0

(s)

Pool Heating Water Heating

0369

12

Million Square Feet Low-Temperature Collectors1 Medium-Temperature Collectors2

0.5

10.5

Residential 

0369

12

Million Square Feet Low

Med
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2002

 (Thousand Square Feet)

End Use

Low-Temperature

Collectors 1

Medium-Temperature

Collectors 2

High-Temperature

Collectors 3 

End-Use Total ..................................................... 11,046 615 2 

 Pool Heating ....................................................... 11,045 28 0  Water Heating ..................................................... 1 422 0  Space Heating .................................................... 0 146 0  Space Cooling .................................................... 0 (s) 0  Combined Space and Water Heating ................. 0 15 2  Process Heating ................................................. 0 4 0  Electricity Generation ......................................... 0 0 0  Other 5 ................................................................ 0 0 0 

Market Sector Total ............................................ 11,046 615 2 

 Residential .......................................................... 10,519 481 0  Commercial ........................................................ 524 69 2  Industrial 6 .......................................................... 2 60 0  Electric Utility ...................................................... 0 4 0  Other 7 ................................................................ 0 1 0 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by independent power producers togenerate electricity for the electric grid.

4 Totals include other types of collectors not shown. 5 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors for 

pumping, water purification, desalinization, distilling, etc. 6 Includes all independent power producers. 7 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors to otthe military but excluding space applications.

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet. Notes: • Data represent shipments from U.S. manufacture

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Renewable Energ
Figure 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2002 Total Shipments, 1982-Trade, 1983-2002 Prices, 1989-2002286 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 10.5.

19 18

23

15

17 17

14

17

19

23

21

19

22

24 25

21 21

19

21

19 19

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

05

1015202530

Number

Imports

1985 1

0

255075

100125

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

M

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

2

468

Dollars1 per Peak Watt Exports Ce
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2002

Year

Number of

U.S. Companies

Reporting Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline

Silicon

Thin-Film

Silicon Total 2 Imports Exports M

Peak Kilowatts 

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA 1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 1990 319 12,492 1,321 313,837 1,398 7,544 1991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 1994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 1995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 1996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 1997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 1999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,562 2000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 2001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 2002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 

1 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for theshipments.

2 Total shipments include all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon,

ribbon silicon, thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon) and internationally traded cells and modules. Shipments of cells and modules for space and satellite applications are not included.

3 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the in

NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1982-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua
Figure 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2002

By End UseBy Market Sector288 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Units designed for installations that are not grid-interactive.2 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.3 Includes all independent power producers.

4 Shipments to foreign governments and for specialty purpo

Source: Table 10.6.

34.0

21.7

17.3 16.0

7.9 7.5

4.2 

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Communications Transportation Original Water Health C

0

10203040

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Electric Generation Equipment

Manufacturers

Generation1 Pumping 

32.2

29.3

20.6

12.9

8.6 7.6

Industrial3 Residential Commercial Transportation Government Electric Uti

07

14

21

2835

Thousand Peak Kilowatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2002

Year

End-Use Market Sector

Communications Consumer Goods

Electric Generation 1

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 2 Trans- portation Water Pumping Other 3 Resi- dential Com- mercial Gov- ernment Indus- trial 4 Tran

porta

GridInteractive Remote 

Amount Shipped

(peak kilowatts)

1989 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,196 711 69 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,11990 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,069 1,014 240 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 91991 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,523 729 13 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,51992 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,602 809 530 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,61993 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,238 2,294 74 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,51994 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,128 1,410 254 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,11995 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,203 2,727 1,170 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,31996 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,196 3,261 789 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,91997 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,705 3,783 4,684 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,51998 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,356 4,306 1,491 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,41999 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,486 4,063 322 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,32000 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,804 5,644 3,028 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,52001 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,636 7,444 641 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,42002 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,028 7,532 93 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,9

Percent of Total

1989 20.2 21.7 9.8 20.4 (s) 12.4 9.3 5.5 0.5 11.2 30.0 8.4 31.1 81990 31.4 18.0 3.4 22.4 (s) 8.1 7.7 7.3 1.7 12.3 44.0 7.2 20.4 71991 23.7 22.2 5.7 24.1 0.4 8.8 10.2 4.9 0.1 24.3 22.4 5.5 26.4 101992 23.9 16.5 7.9 27.2 0.4 5.3 10.3 5.2 3.4 26.7 15.3 6.8 27.5 101993 18.4 4.5 5.2 27.5 3.2 9.7 20.2 10.9 0.4 25.0 19.6 6.3 25.5 121994 21.4 12.4 8.8 35.5 0.3 7.1 8.2 5.4 1.0 25.4 20.8 8.1 26.3 81995 16.6 3.3 14.8 26.5 2.5 10.3 13.5 8.8 3.8 20.2 26.1 6.4 23.2 71996 17.0 3.0 13.7 30.7 2.8 6.8 14.7 9.2 2.2 23.9 14.6 8.8 23.4 111997 15.9 0.7 17.8 18.6 2.8 11.3 14.5 8.2 10.1 23.7 17.5 8.4 25.3 71998 16.4 2.4 28.1 17.1 2.1 10.0 12.6 8.5 2.9 31.5 16.7 5.6 26.2 61999 15.8 3.0 32.3 14.1 1.9 16.1 11.1 5.3 0.4 25.8 22.5 4.0 32.5 52000 13.9 3.3 24.6 17.0 3.1 13.8 14.5 6.4 3.4 28.1 15.5 5.0 32.7 62001 15.1 4.2 27.9 22.0 3.3 6.4 12.9 7.6 0.7 34.1 16.1 5.9 28.7 82002 15.4 3.0 30.3 19.4 3.7 7.0 14.3 6.7 0.1 26.2 18.4 7.6 28.7 11

1 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity, for

general use, that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation but only for thespecific use cited. 

2 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic

technology into existing or newly developed product lines. 3 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.

4 Includes all independent power producers. 5 Shipments to foreign governments and for specialty purpos

(s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua
Figure 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Consumption by Type

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2003 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2003Fuel Consumption, 1995-2003 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2003290 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Ethanol, 85 percent.3 Compressed natural gas.4 Methanol, 85 percent.

5 Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 10.7.

247 265 280 295

322

395

425

471

511

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Vehicles

190

134 133

46

LPG1 Ethanol 2 CNG 3 Electri

0

50

100150200

Thousand Vehicles

LNG 

277

296

313 324 302 322

348

379

413

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons 230 142 20 11 

LPG1 CNG 3 Ethanol 2 

0

100200300

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Consumption of Replacement Fuels, 1992-

Year

Replacement Fuels 1

Alternative Fuels 2 Oxygenates 3

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent 4

Methanol,

Neat 5

Ethanol,

85 Percent 4

Ethanol,

95 Percent 4 Electricity 6 Total

Methyl

Tertiary

Butyl Ether 7

Ethanol

in Gasohol 8 

Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles 10 in Use

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA 1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA 1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA 1995 R172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 R246,855 NA NA 1996 R175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 R265,006 NA NA 1997 R175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 R280,205 NA NA 1998 R177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 R295,030 NA NA 1999 R178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 R322,302 NA NA 2000 R181,994 R100,750 2,090 10,426 0 R87,570 4 R11,830 R394,664 NA NA 2001 R185,053 R111,851 2,576 7,827 0 R100,303 0 R17,847 R425,457 NA NA 2002 R187,680 R120,839 R2,708 5,873 0 R120,951 0 R33,047 R471,098 NA NA 2003P 190,438 132,988 3,030 4,917 0 133,776 0 45,656 510,805 NA NA 

Fuel Consumption

(Thousand Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons)

1992 NA 16,823 585 1,069 2,547 21 85 359 NA 1,175,000 701,000 1993 NA 21,603 1,901 1,593 3,166 48 80 288 NA 2,069,200 760,000 1994 NA 24,160 2,345 2,340 3,190 80 140 430 NA 2,018,800 845,900 1995 11232,701 35,162 2,759 2,023 2,150 190 995 663 276,643 2,691,200 910,700 1996 11239,158 46,923 3,247 1,775 347 694 2,699 773 295,616 2,749,700 660,200 1997 11238,356 65,192 3,714 1,554 347 1,280 1,136 1,010 312,589 3,104,200 830,700 1998 11,R241,386 72,412 5,343 1,212 449 1,727 59 1,202 R323,790 2,903,400 889,500 1999 R209,817 R79,620 R5,828 1,073 447 R3,916 R62 R1,524 R302,287 3,402,600 950,300 2000 R212,576 R86,745 R7,259 585 R0 R12,071 13 R3,058 R322,307 3,296,100 1,085,800 2001 R215,876 R104,496 R8,921 R439 R0 R14,623 0 R4,066 R348,421 3,352,200 1,143,300 2002 R223,143 R120,670 R9,382 R337 0 R17,783 0 R7,274 R378,589 3,120,300 1,413,600 2003P 230,486 141,726 10,514 274 0 20,092 0 9,633 412,725 2,384,500 1,792,900 

1 See "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Alternative Fuel" in Glossary. 3 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 4 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 5 One hundred percent methanol. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,

primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

8 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 9 "Biodiesel" is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. 

See "Biodiesel" in Glossary.

10 See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.

11 For 1995-1998, estimates of the number of vehicles ope

were revised; however, no corresponding revisions were made t Revised consumption data will be available as other historical L

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications Internationa

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final reAdministration (EIA) (McLean, VA, July 1996) and U.S. Departmand Renewable Energy. • 1995 forward—EIA, "Alternatives Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10.
Renewable Energy

Table 10.2a Sources: Wood, Residential: • 1949-1979—Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to1981, Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption

1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption

1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates of

Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. • 1988—Valueinterpolated. • 1989 forward— EIA, Renewable Energy Trends 2003 (August 2004),

Table B1. Wood, Commercial: • 1949-1979—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood

Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates

of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA,CNEAF estimate. • 1985–1988—Values interpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA,Renewable Energy Trends 2003 (August 2004), Table B1. Wood, Industrial: 

• 1949-1979—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to1981, Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-

1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. •

1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates of BiofuelsConsumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Trends 2003 (August 2004), TableB1. Waste, Commercial: Table 8.3b. Waste, Industrial: • 1981—EIA, Estimates

of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1982 and 1983—EIA,

CNEAF, estimates for total waste consumption minus electric power sector wasteconsumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. BiofuelsConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sectorwaste consumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. •

1987—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumptioconsumption minus electric power sector waste cons1988—Value interpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA, Re(August 2004), Table B1. Alcohol Fuels: • 1Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10. • 1982 and 

1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 

1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates 1990, Table 10. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 19Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10. • 199

Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D1. • 1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Co

1993 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (P

Annual Energy Review (AER) Table A1. Ten percen“Oxygenated Finished Motor Gasoline” from PSM T

ery Input of Fuel Ethanol” from PSM Table 28. conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel as 

Hydropower: Tables 8.1, 8.2c, and A6. Geothe

Renewable Energy Trends 2003 (August 2004), forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Trends 2003 (Aug

292 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
International Energy

Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

11
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL1, 1970-2002 By Source, 2002By Source, 1970-2002294 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

and NGPL1 Gas 

1Natural gas plant liquids.2Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States

also include other renewable energy.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • Because v

should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.1.

ElectPowe

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

90

180270360450

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Crude Oil and NGPL1

153

98 95

27 

Crude Oil Coal Natural Nucle

0

255075

100125150175

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil and NGPL1

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Other2

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

4080

120160

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2002

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1 Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Nuclear Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Power 3

Geo

an

1970 62.96 37.09 97.09 3.61 0.90 12.15 1971 61.72 39.80 102.70 3.85 1.23 12.74 1972 63.65 42.08 108.52 4.09 1.66 13.31 1973 63.87 44.44 117.88 4.23 2.15 13.52 1974 63.79 45.35 117.82 4.22 2.86 14.84 1975 66.20 45.67 113.08 4.12 3.85 15.03 1976 67.32 47.62 122.92 4.24 4.52 15.08 1977 68.46 48.85 127.75 4.40 5.41 15.56 1978 69.56 50.26 128.51 4.55 6.42 16.80 1979 73.83 53.93 133.87 4.87 6.69 17.69 1980 R72.54 54.73 128.12 5.10 7.58 R18.04 1981 R72.91 55.56 120.16 5.36 8.53 R18.41 1982 R75.55 55.49 114.51 5.34 9.51 R18.88 1983 R75.58 56.12 113.97 5.34 10.72 R19.88 1984 R79.73 61.78 116.86 5.71 R12.99 R20.38 1985 R83.54 64.22 115.40 5.82 15.30 R20.62 1986 R85.62 65.32 120.24 6.12 16.25 R21.08 1987 R87.41 68.48 121.16 6.32 17.64 R21.11 1988 R89.25 71.80 125.93 6.63 19.23 R21.72 1989 R90.67 74.24 127.98 6.67 19.74 R21.77 1990 R92.04 75.87 129.50 6.85 20.31 R22.54 1991 R87.32 76.69 128.77 7.13 21.13 R23.04 1992 R86.74 76.90 129.13 7.38 21.23 R22.80 1993 R84.08 78.41 128.86 7.68 21.96 R24.10 1994 R86.14 79.18 130.46 7.85 22.36 R24.21 1995 R88.71 80.24 133.32 8.16 23.21 R25.43 1996 R88.55 83.94 136.64 8.31 24.05 R25.96 1997 R92.41 83.89 140.52 8.51 23.82 R26.18 1998 R91.08 85.58 143.15 8.75 24.34 R26.22 1999 R90.61 R87.53 140.79 R9.01 25.08 R26.68 2000 R91.44 R91.03 146.50 R9.43 R25.52 R27.12 2001 R97.13 R93.38 R145.25 R10.07 R26.40 R26.02 2002P 97.56 95.20 142.86 10.55 26.85 26.59 

1 Dry production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use. 4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also

include other renewable energy. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "World Primary Energy Production," a

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1979—Energy Information Administrati

• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2002" (May 2
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World and Leading Producers, 1993-2002 World Areas, 1993-2002Top Producing Countries, 2002296 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.2.

Africa

Asia a

Middle East

North, Central, and S

Eastern Europe 

Former U.S.S

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Quadrillion Btu

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

0

255075

100125150

Quadrillion Btu

Russia

World

China

United States

States Kingdom Arabia

70.9

45.7

41.9

20.1 18.2

10.9 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.4 

United Russia China Saudi Canada United Australia Norway Iran India 

0

1020304050607080

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1993-2002

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200

North, Central, and South America .......... R110.62 R114.91 R117.16 R120.96 R123.05 R124.30 R122.88 R124

 Brazil ........................................................... R4.13 R4.29 R4.49 R4.85 R5.08 R5.50 R5.90 R6 Canada ....................................................... R15.37 R16.34 R16.82 R17.23 R17.47 R17.43 R17.67 R18 Mexico ........................................................ 8.11 8.10 R8.03 8.74 9.07 R9.30 9.06 9 United States .............................................. 68.26 70.68 71.16 72.47 72.39 72.79 71.65 71 Venezuela ................................................... R7.26 7.70 8.08 8.62 R9.48 R9.45 R8.54 R9 Other ........................................................... R7.48 R7.80 R8.58 R9.05 R9.56 R9.83 R10.05 R10

Western Europe .......................................... R39.47 R40.48 R41.63 R43.99 R44.04 R43.84 R44.19 R44

 France ........................................................ 4.84 R4.86 R4.96 5.04 R4.90 R4.79 4.94 R5 Germany ..................................................... 5.84 5.71 5.58 5.49 5.56 R5.25 R5.30 R5 Netherlands ................................................ 2.98 2.91 2.91 3.25 2.89 2.78 R2.57 2 Norway ....................................................... R7.27 R7.64 R8.35 R9.28 R9.59 R9.35 R9.53 R10 United Kingdom .......................................... 9.40 R10.18 10.76 11.51 11.28 11.54 R11.90 R11 Other ........................................................... R9.15 R9.18 R9.07 R9.42 R9.82 R10.14 R9.95 R10

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R65.58 R60.75 R59.51 R59.34 R58.08 R57.55 R59.89 R62

 Kazakhstan ................................................. R3.38 2.57 2.28 2.36 2.44 2.38 R2.55 R3 Poland ........................................................ 3.70 3.75 3.60 3.25 3.86 3.35 R3.48 R3 Russia ......................................................... R44.69 R42.31 R41.42 R41.35 R40.04 R40.40 R42.06 R43 Ukraine ....................................................... 4.00 3.50 R3.62 3.45 3.40 3.41 R3.45 R3 Other ........................................................... R9.81 R8.63 R8.59 R8.93 R8.35 R8.01 R8.34 R9

Middle East .................................................. 45.76 R46.93 47.97 49.03 51.33 54.50 R53.42 R57

 Iran ............................................................. 8.83 9.16 9.35 9.65 9.84 R9.89 10.00 10 Iraq ............................................................. 1.21 1.33 1.35 1.39 2.60 4.71 R5.47 5 Kuwait ......................................................... 4.28 4.73 4.81 4.94 4.85 5.02 4.60 5 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.11 20.00 20.25 20.39 20.82 21.00 R19.77 R21 United Arab Emirates ................................. 5.78 5.84 6.14 6.34 6.50 6.61 6.25 6 Other ........................................................... 5.54 5.88 6.06 6.32 6.72 7.27 7.33 8

Africa ........................................................... 22.70 R22.94 R24.14 R24.72 26.16 R26.36 R26.63 R27

 Algeria ........................................................ 4.87 4.79 5.13 5.28 5.63 5.75 6.03 6 Libya ........................................................... 3.17 3.21 3.23 3.28 3.39 3.26 3.07 3 Nigeria ........................................................ 4.45 4.37 4.53 4.57 4.85 4.90 4.89 5 South Africa ................................................ 4.30 4.60 4.84 R4.85 5.44 5.52 5.43 5 Other ........................................................... 5.90 R5.98 R6.41 R6.74 6.86 R6.93 R7.21 R7

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R65.29 R68.73 R73.44 R74.29 R77.59 R77.40 R77.77 R80

 Australia ...................................................... 6.61 6.91 R7.42 7.57 R8.31 R8.66 R8.87 9 China .......................................................... R31.84 R34.06 R35.46 R36.01 R37.60 R36.33 R35.38 R36 India ............................................................ R7.48 R8.00 R9.48 8.75 R9.17 R9.37 R9.58 R9 Indonesia .................................................... R6.33 R6.66 R6.96 R7.41 R7.41 R7.52 R7.98 7 Japan .......................................................... R3.89 R3.79 R4.18 R4.28 R4.53 R4.58 R4.37 R4 Malaysia ..................................................... R2.34 2.41 2.59 2.84 3.01 3.14 3.16 3 Other ........................................................... R6.80 R6.90 R7.34 R7.43 R7.58 R7.79 R8.42 R8

World .......................................................... R349.43 R354.75 R363.84 R372.33 R380.26 R383.94 R384.77 R396

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 1, "World Primary Energy Production," at end of section. • World primary energy

production includes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry

natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood,waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 1.2. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table F1.
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

World and Leading Consumers, 1993-2002 U.S. Share of World, 2002Regional Consumption Shares, 2002 Production and Consumption by Region, 2002298 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.

Production

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

0

150300450

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

17.5

Population Energy 

05

1015202530

Percent

Russia

World

China

United States

Oceania

North, Central,

34%

Western

18%

E. Europe

13%

Middle East

5% Africa

3%

Asia and 

28%

139

72

52

124

44

66

54

North, Central, Western E. Europe Midd

0

50

100150

Quadrillion Btu

Production Cons

and South

America

Eas

Europe

and South

America

and Former U.S.S.R.

Europe and Former

U.S.S.R.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1993-2002

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200

North, Central, and South America .......... R120.87 R123.77 R126.44 R130.89 R132.41 R133.51 R135.77 R139

 Argentina .................................................... R2.27 R2.24 R2.31 R2.39 R2.46 R2.57 R2.60 R2 Brazil ........................................................... R6.36 R6.64 R7.03 R7.46 R7.86 R8.12 R8.27 R8 Canada ....................................................... R11.75 R12.11 R12.11 R12.53 R12.60 R12.29 R12.71 R12 Mexico ........................................................ R5.39 R5.58 R5.50 R5.60 R5.63 R5.92 R5.97 R6 United States .............................................. 87.58 89.25 91.22 94.22 94.73 95.15 96.77 R98 Venezuela ................................................... 2.29 2.42 2.47 2.58 R2.65 R2.85 R2.73 R2 Other ........................................................... R5.23 R5.53 R5.80 R6.12 R6.47 R6.62 R6.72 R6

Western Europe .......................................... 64.65 R64.69 R66.20 R68.20 R68.81 R70.18 R70.32 R71

 Belgium ....................................................... R2.24 R2.29 R2.33 R2.52 R2.60 2.66 R2.60 R2 France ........................................................ R9.80 R9.78 R10.07 R10.43 R10.34 R10.59 R10.74 R10 Germany ..................................................... 14.06 R14.00 R14.30 R14.35 R14.32 14.33 14.12 R14 Italy ............................................................. R6.85 R6.76 R7.08 R7.09 R7.22 R7.43 R7.57 R7 Netherlands ................................................ R3.54 R3.50 R3.58 R3.73 R3.71 R3.70 R3.69 R3 Spain .......................................................... R4.02 R4.19 R4.30 R4.41 R4.70 R4.94 R5.17 R5 Sweden ....................................................... R2.17 2.19 R2.25 R2.20 R2.25 R2.32 R2.25 R2 Turkey ......................................................... 2.33 2.23 R2.49 2.74 R2.93 R2.99 R2.90 R3 United Kingdom .......................................... R9.57 R9.52 R9.43 R9.98 R9.69 R9.75 9.74 R9 Other ........................................................... R10.07 R10.24 R10.39 R10.74 R11.06 R11.48 R11.53 R11

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R60.01 R54.14 R52.65 R51.81 R49.77 R48.84 R50.05 R50

 Poland ........................................................ R3.99 R3.85 R3.72 R3.57 R4.11 R3.84 R3.97 R3 Russia ......................................................... R31.96 R29.21 R27.93 R27.37 R25.54 R25.72 R26.77 R27 Ukraine ....................................................... R8.60 7.31 R7.23 R6.75 6.44 6.26 R6.30 6 Uzbekistan .................................................. R2.07 R1.75 R1.87 R1.89 R1.88 R1.85 1.87 R1 Other ........................................................... R13.38 R12.02 R11.91 R12.23 R11.79 R11.16 R11.14 R11

Middle East .................................................. 12.73 R13.38 13.93 14.61 15.44 16.19 R16.60 17

 Iran ............................................................. 3.47 R3.67 R3.82 3.96 4.44 4.64 R4.93 R5 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 3.52 3.64 3.85 4.05 4.08 4.27 4.35 R4 Other ........................................................... 5.74 6.07 6.26 6.60 6.92 7.28 7.32 R7

Africa ........................................................... R9.95 R10.41 R10.62 R10.92 11.40 R11.31 R11.60 R12

 Egypt .......................................................... 1.51 1.55 1.58 1.73 1.79 1.85 1.89 R2 South Africa ................................................ R3.74 R4.08 R4.11 R4.16 R4.55 R4.34 R4.49 R4 Other ........................................................... R4.70 R4.78 R4.94 R5.03 R5.06 5.12 R5.22 R5

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R85.06 R90.86 R96.04 R98.39 R102.51 R101.42 R104.42 R108

 Australia ...................................................... R3.92 R3.92 R4.05 R4.22 R4.56 R4.59 R4.82 R4 China .......................................................... R31.32 34.04 R35.23 R36.08 R37.63 R37.08 R37.00 R38 India ............................................................ R9.24 R9.97 R11.49 R11.15 R11.76 R12.17 R12.74 R13 Indonesia .................................................... R2.91 R3.11 3.25 3.51 3.64 R3.53 R3.88 R4 Japan .......................................................... R19.40 R20.30 R20.89 R21.25 R21.82 R21.34 R21.66 R21 Malaysia ..................................................... 1.28 1.43 1.47 1.64 1.67 1.68 1.74 1 South Korea ................................................ R5.54 R5.98 6.63 R6.84 R7.39 R6.80 R7.39 R7 Taiwan ........................................................ 2.43 R2.61 R2.86 R3.06 R3.20 R3.39 R3.54 R3 Thailand ...................................................... 1.68 1.87 R2.24 R2.44 R2.58 R2.43 2.64 R2 Other ........................................................... R7.35 R7.64 R7.93 R8.19 R8.26 R8.43 R9.02 R9

World .......................................................... R353.28 R357.25 R365.87 R374.82 R380.33 R381.45 R388.76 R399

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • World primary energy consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including

natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports ofcoal coke); and the consumption of net electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectricpower, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption

of renewable energy by the end-use sectors. • Totals ma

independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 1.3. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 1.8.
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2003

Crude Oil Reserves: Oil and Gas Journal Crude Oil Reserves: World Oil

Natural Gas Reserves: Oil and Gas Journal Natural Gas Reserves: World Oil

300 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Source: Table 11.4.

121

17

82

670

North, Western E. Europe Middle 

0

150300450600750

Billion Barrels 314

18

79

686

77

39

North, Western E. Europe Middle East Africa Asia and

0

150300450600750

Billion Barrels

Europe and Oceania

Former U.S.S.R.

Central, and

South America

Central, and

South America

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.

506

192

1,964 1,980

418 445

North, Western E. Europe Middle East Africa Asia and

0

700

1,4002,1002,800

Trillion Cubic Feet

507

176

2,047

2,51

North, Western E. Europe Middle 

0

700

1,4002,1002,800

Trillion Cubic Feet

and

Former U.S.S.R.

Central, and Europe

South America

Central, and

South America

Oceania Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2003

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas

(trillion cubic feet)

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrel

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal Wo

North America ........................................... 215.3 45.4 255.8 262.1 Middle East ............................................... 685.6 

 Canada ..................................................... 1 180.0 5.5 60.1 60.1 Bahrain .................................................... 0.1  Mexico ...................................................... 12.6 17.2 8.8 15.0 Iran .......................................................... 89.7  United States ............................................ 22.7 22.7 186.9 186.9 Iraq .......................................................... 112.5  Kuwait 2.................................................... 96.5 

Central and South America ..................... 98.6 75.9 250.1 244.4 Oman ...................................................... 5.5 

 Argentina .................................................. 2.9 2.8 27.0 23.4 Qatar ....................................................... 15.2  Bolivia ....................................................... 0.4 0.9 24.0 28.1 Saudi Arabia 2.......................................... 261.8  Brazil ......................................................... 8.3 9.8 8.1 8.4 Syria ....................................................... 2.5  Colombia .................................................. 1.8 1.6 4.5 4.2 United Arab Emirates ............................. 97.8  Ecuador .................................................... 4.6 4.6 0.3 0.3 Yemen .................................................... 4.0  Peru .......................................................... 0.3 1.0 8.7 8.6 Other ...................................................... (s)  Trinidad and Tobago ................................ 0.7 1.0 23.5 20.3  Venezuela ................................................. 77.8 53.1 148.0 149.2 Africa ........................................................ 77.4  Other ......................................................... 1.6 1.0 6.1 1.8 Algeria ..................................................... 9.2  Angola ..................................................... 5.4 

Western Europe ........................................ 18.3 17.0 191.6 175.7 Cameroon ................................................ 0.4 

 Denmark ................................................... 1.3 1.8 3.0 4.2 Congo ...................................................... 1.5  Germany ................................................... 0.3 0.3 11.3 8.5 Egypt ....................................................... 3.7  Italy ........................................................... 0.6 0.7 8.0 7.9 Libya ........................................................ 29.5  Netherlands .............................................. 0.1 0.1 62.0 55.3 Nigeria ..................................................... 24.0  Norway ..................................................... 10.3 9.0 77.3 74.7 Tunisia ..................................................... 0.3  United Kingdom ........................................ 4.7 4.5 24.6 22.2 Other ....................................................... 3.4  Other ......................................................... 0.9 0.6 5.4 2.9 

Asia and Oceania ..................................... 38.7 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ..... 79.2 81.9 1,964.2 2,047.0 Australia ................................................... 3.5 

 Hungary .................................................... 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.2 Brunei ...................................................... 1.4  Kazakhstan ............................................... 9.0 NA 65.0 NA China ....................................................... 18.3  Romania ................................................... 1.0 1.1 3.6 4.2 India ......................................................... 5.4  Russia ...................................................... 60.0 58.8 1,680.0 1,700.0 Indonesia ................................................. 5.0  Other 3 ...................................................... 9.1 21.9 214.4 340.6 Japan ...................................................... 0.1  Malaysia .................................................. 3.0  New Zealand ........................................... 0.2  Pakistan .................................................. 0.3  Papua New Guinea ................................. 0.2  Thailand .................................................. 0.6  Other ...................................................... 0.9 

World ..................................................... 1,213.1 1

1 Includes 5.2 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 174.8 billion barrels

of bitumen that is contained in Alberta’s oil sands.

2 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait

and Saudi Arabia.

3 Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Poland,

Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion barrels. 

Notes: • All reserve figures except those for the former U.S

are proved reserves recoverable with present technology and U.S.S.R. and Canadian natural gas figures include proved, and equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International Ene
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

World and OPEC, 1960-2003 OPEC’s Share of World, 1960-2003 Leading Producers, 19Selected Producing Countries, 2003302 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.5.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Percent

United

States

1960 1970 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day40% in 2003 

World

Peak: 55%

in 1973

OPEC

8.9

8.2

5.7

3.8

3.4 3.4

2.9

2.4 2.3 2.3 

Saudi Russia United Iran China Mexico Norway United Arab Venezuela Canad

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Arabia States Emirates
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2003

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Iran Iraq Kuwait 3 Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Canada China Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Kin

1960 5.27 1.07 0.97 1.69 0.02 1.31 0.00 2.85 8.70 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.00 2.91 — 1961 5.65 1.20 1.01 1.74 0.05 1.48 0.00 2.92 9.36 0.61 0.11 0.29 0.00 3.28 — 1962 6.19 1.33 1.01 1.96 0.07 1.64 0.01 3.20 10.51 0.67 0.12 0.31 0.00 3.67 — 1963 6.82 1.49 1.16 2.10 0.08 1.79 0.05 3.25 11.51 0.71 0.13 0.31 0.00 4.07 — 1964 7.61 1.71 1.26 2.30 0.12 1.90 0.19 3.39 12.98 0.75 0.18 0.32 0.00 4.60 — 1965 8.37 1.91 1.32 2.36 0.27 2.21 0.28 3.47 14.35 0.81 0.23 0.32 0.00 4.79 — 1966 9.32 2.13 1.39 2.48 0.42 2.60 0.36 3.37 15.77 0.88 0.29 0.33 0.00 5.23 — 1967 9.91 2.60 1.23 2.50 0.32 2.81 0.38 3.54 16.85 0.96 0.28 0.36 0.00 5.68 — 1968 10.91 2.84 1.50 2.61 0.14 3.04 0.50 3.60 18.79 1.19 0.30 0.39 0.00 6.08 — 1969 11.95 3.38 1.52 2.77 0.54 3.22 0.63 3.59 20.91 1.13 0.48 0.46 0.00 6.48 — 1970 13.39 3.83 1.55 2.99 1.08 3.80 0.78 3.71 23.30 1.26 0.60 0.49 0.00 6.99 — 1971 15.77 4.54 1.69 3.20 1.53 4.77 1.06 3.55 25.21 1.35 0.78 0.49 0.01 7.48 — 1972 17.54 5.02 1.47 3.28 1.82 6.02 1.20 3.22 26.89 1.53 0.90 0.51 0.03 7.89 — 1973 20.67 5.86 2.02 3.02 2.05 7.60 1.53 3.37 30.63 1.80 1.09 0.47 0.03 8.32 — 1974 21.28 6.02 1.97 2.55 2.26 8.48 1.68 2.98 30.35 1.55 1.32 0.57 0.04 8.91 — 1975 18.93 5.35 2.26 2.08 1.78 7.08 1.66 2.35 26.77 1.43 1.49 0.71 0.19 9.52 — 1976 21.51 5.88 2.42 2.15 2.07 8.58 1.94 2.29 30.33 1.31 1.67 0.83 0.28 10.06 — 1977 21.73 5.66 2.35 1.97 2.09 9.25 2.00 2.24 30.89 1.32 1.87 0.98 0.28 10.60 — 1978 20.61 5.24 2.56 2.13 1.90 8.30 1.83 2.17 29.46 1.32 2.08 1.21 0.36 11.11 — 1979 21.07 3.17 3.48 2.50 2.30 9.53 1.83 2.36 30.58 1.50 2.12 1.46 0.40 11.38 — 1980 17.96 1.66 2.51 1.66 2.06 9.90 1.71 2.17 26.61 1.44 2.11 1.94 0.53 11.71 — 1981 15.25 1.38 1.00 1.13 1.43 9.82 1.47 2.10 22.48 1.29 2.01 2.31 0.50 11.85 — 1982 12.16 2.21 1.01 0.82 1.30 6.48 1.25 1.90 18.78 1.27 2.05 2.75 0.52 11.91 — 1983 11.08 2.44 1.01 1.06 1.24 5.09 1.15 1.80 17.50 1.36 2.12 2.69 0.61 11.97 — 1984 10.78 2.17 1.21 1.16 1.39 4.66 1.15 1.80 17.44 1.44 2.30 2.78 0.70 11.86 — 1985 9.63 2.25 1.43 1.02 1.50 3.39 1.19 1.68 16.18 1.47 2.51 2.75 0.79 11.59 — 1986 11.70 2.04 1.69 1.42 1.47 4.87 1.33 1.79 18.28 1.47 2.62 2.44 0.87 11.90 — 1987 12.10 2.30 2.08 1.59 1.34 4.27 1.54 1.75 18.52 1.54 2.69 2.55 1.02 12.05 — 1988 13.46 2.24 2.69 1.49 1.45 5.09 1.57 1.90 20.32 1.62 2.73 2.51 1.16 12.05 — 1989 14.84 2.81 2.90 1.78 1.72 5.06 1.86 1.91 22.07 1.56 2.76 2.52 1.55 11.72 — 1990 15.28 3.09 2.04 1.18 1.81 6.41 2.12 2.14 23.20 1.55 2.77 2.55 1.70 10.98 — 1991 14.74 3.31 0.31 0.19 1.89 8.12 2.39 2.38 23.27 1.55 2.84 2.68 1.89 9.99 — 1992 15.97 3.43 0.43 1.06 1.94 8.33 2.27 2.37 24.40 1.61 2.85 2.67 2.23 — 7.63 1993 16.71 3.54 0.51 1.85 1.96 8.20 2.16 2.45 25.12 1.68 2.89 2.67 2.35 — 6.73 1994 16.96 3.62 0.55 2.03 1.93 8.12 2.19 2.59 25.51 1.75 2.94 2.69 2.52 — 6.14 1995 17.21 3.64 0.56 2.06 1.99 8.23 2.23 2.75 26.00 1.81 2.99 2.62 2.77 — 6.00 1996 17.37 3.69 0.58 2.06 2.00 8.22 2.28 2.94 26.46 1.84 3.13 2.86 3.10 — 5.85 1997 18.10 3.66 1.16 2.01 2.13 8.36 2.32 3.28 27.71 1.92 3.20 3.02 3.14 — 5.92 1998 19.34 3.63 2.15 2.09 2.15 8.39 2.35 3.17 28.77 1.98 3.20 3.07 3.02 — 5.85 1999 18.67 3.56 2.51 1.90 2.13 7.83 2.17 2.83 27.58 1.91 3.20 2.91 3.02 — 6.08 2000 19.89 3.70 2.57 2.08 2.17 8.40 2.37 3.16 29.26 1.98 3.25 3.01 3.20 — 6.48 2001 R19.10 3.72 R2.39 2.00 2.26 8.03 R2.21 R3.01 R28.34 2.03 3.30 3.16 3.12 — R6.92 2002 17.79 3.44 2.02 1.89 2.12 7.63 2.08 R2.60 26.37 2.17 3.39 3.18 2.99 — 7.41 2003P 19.26 3.78 1.31 2.18 2.24 8.85 2.35 2.34 28.01 2.31 3.41 3.37 2.85 — 8.18 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31,1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day. Notes: • Includes lease condensate, excludes natural gas plant liquids. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: China: • 1960-1972—Central Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. • 1973-1979—

Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual, annual reports, and the InternationalEnergy Database. • 1980-2002—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 2.2.

• 2003—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2004), Table 11.1b. United States:

• 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual.

• 1976-1979—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 2.2. • 2003—EIA, PeFormer U.S.S.R.: • 1960-1969—U.S.S.R. Central Statistic(National Economy USSR). • 1970-1979—EIA, International 4.1c. • 1980-1991—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2• 1992-2002—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2002" (May Energy Review (March 2004), Table 11.1b. OPEC Nations: Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979. • 1973annual reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1982002" (May 2004), Table 2.2. • 2003—EIA, Monthly Energy ReCountries: • 1960-1969—Bureau of Mines, International PetInternational Petroleum Annual, 1978. • 1973-1979—EIA, Inand the International Energy Database. • 1980-2002—EIA, 2004), Table 2.2. • 2003—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Crude Oil and NGPL Production, 1973-2002 World and OPEC NGPL Production, 1973-2002Top NGPL Producing Countries, 2002304 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • NGPL is natural gas plant liquids.

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

NGPL

Crude Oil

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Million Barrels per Day 10% of Crude Oil in 2002 World 

OPEC

1,880

1,000

698

408

335 300 270 246 211 

United Saudi Canada Mexico Norway United Arab Algeria Russia United 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

States Arabia Emirates Kingdom
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2002

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Algeria Indonesia Kuwait 2 Qatar 

Saudi

Arabia 2

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Australia Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Ki

1973 9 (s) 60 (s) 90 (s) 89 324 50 314 0 75 (s) 170 — 1974 12 (s) 50 5 130 (s) 84 347 50 314 0 80 (s) 190 — 1975 20 (s) 50 10 140 (s) 76 372 50 309 0 80 5 205 — 1976 24 10 50 10 185 (s) 77 442 50 289 0 95 20 220 — 1977 19 10 55 5 215 15 78 482 55 290 0 105 20 235 — 1978 25 30 75 5 250 30 61 566 60 281 0 115 35 255 — 1979 30 40 95 10 303 30 69 637 60 331 0 150 40 270 — 1980 36 70 95 10 369 35 60 732 60 331 0 193 40 285 — 1981 49 95 60 24 433 60 55 825 60 330 0 241 31 300 — 1982 58 80 40 30 430 90 60 842 52 318 0 255 33 315 — 1983 56 94 55 25 330 120 57 780 52 309 0 265 38 330 — 1984 105 75 67 28 355 130 57 869 54 336 10 257 36 340 — 1985 120 44 54 30 375 160 63 892 65 337 10 271 41 350 — 1986 120 30 75 22 385 185 97 969 60 328 9 352 53 440 — 1987 140 30 95 24 418 145 94 1,006 65 367 11 338 55 430 — 1988 120 30 100 30 499 130 98 1,077 67 381 11 370 75 450 — 1989 130 72 105 24 503 130 108 1,188 65 410 11 384 74 425 — 1990 130 77 65 40 620 135 114 1,281 63 426 12 428 78 425 — 1991 140 76 0 50 680 146 117 1,299 61 431 12 457 94 420 — 1992 140 75 34 55 713 144 113 1,364 56 460 13 454 95 — 230 1993 145 78 53 55 704 146 143 1,435 55 506 17 459 100 — 220 1994 140 80 85 50 698 150 146 1,465 56 529 17 461 103 — 200 1995 145 76 95 55 701 160 149 1,506 52 581 20 447 137 — 180 1996 150 80 85 50 697 160 150 1,501 62 596 20 423 138 — 185 1997 160 85 109 70 712 160 143 1,589 71 636 50 388 139 — 195 1998 155 87 115 85 755 170 145 1,662 70 651 90 424 131 — 220 1999 190 87 115 111 R745 160 170 R1,728 72 653 85 439 121 — 231 2000 230 90 115 133 R750 200 175 R1,843 70 699 65 438 120 — 232 2001 250 82 120 150 R800 290 200 R2,053 74 709 70 433 291 — 237 2002P 270 80 125 160 1,000 300 202 2,308 80 698 75 408 335 — 246 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 3 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31, 1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration 

reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980 forward(May 2004), Table 2.3.
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

Selected Types, 1970-2004Selected Types, 2004306 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Nigerian Bonny

Light 

Saudi Arabian Light

1Nominal dollars.API=API gravity.

Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to Janua

are as of the first Friday in February. • Because vertical scalecompared.

Source: Table 11.7.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1020304050

Dollars1 per Barrel Dollars1 per Barrel 32.10 30.10 29.97 29.73 29.47 28.67 27

Indonesian Minas Venezuelan Nigerian Bonny United Kingdom Libyan Es Sider Iranian Light Saudia Ar

05

101520253035

34° API Light 34° API 3

37° API

Tia Juana Light 37° API

31° API

Brent Blend 

38° API
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2004

 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Saudi Arabian

Light-34° API

Iranian

Light-34° API

Libyan 2

Es Sider-37° API

Nigerian 3

Bonny Light-37° API

Indonesian

Minas-34° API

Venezuelan

Tia Juana Light 4

M

May

1970 1.35 1.36 2.09 2.10 1.67 2.05 1971 1.75 1.76 2.80 2.65 2.18 2.45 1972 1.90 1.91 2.80 2.80 2.96 2.45 1973 2.10 2.11 3.10 3.10 2.96 2.60 1974 9.60 10.63 14.30 12.60 10.80 9.30 1975 10.46 10.67 11.98 11.80 12.60 11.00 1976 11.51 11.62 12.21 12.84 12.80 11.12 1977 12.09 12.81 13.74 14.33 13.55 12.72 1978 12.70 12.81 13.80 14.33 13.55 12.82 1979 13.34 13.45 14.52 14.80 13.90 13.36 1980 26.00 530.37 34.50 29.97 27.50 25.20 21981 32.00 37.00 40.78 40.00 35.00 32.88 1982 34.00 34.20 36.50 36.50 35.00 32.88 21983 34.00 31.20 35.10 35.50 34.53 32.88 21984 29.00 28.00 30.15 30.00 29.53 27.88 21985 29.00 28.00 30.15 28.00 29.53 27.88 21986 28.00 28.05 30.15 28.65 28.53 28.05 21987 16.15 16.14 16.95 17.13 16.28 15.10 1988 17.52 15.55 18.52 18.92 17.56 17.62 1989 13.15 12.75 15.40 15.05 15.50 12.27 1990 18.40 18.20 20.40 21.20 18.55 24.69 1991 24.00 23.65 26.90 27.80 26.50 28.62 21992 15.90 15.50 17.20 18.20 18.65 19.67 1993 16.80 16.70 17.55 18.50 19.10 17.97 1994 12.40 12.40 12.55 13.50 14.15 12.97 1995 16.63 16.18 16.05 16.15 16.95 16.57 1996 18.20 17.73 19.20 19.70 20.05 18.52 1997 22.98 22.63 24.10 24.65 24.95 26.62 1998 15.50 14.93 16.72 16.50 16.50 15.93 1999 10.03 9.83 10.65 10.60 9.95 9.45 2000 24.78 24.63 25.85 25.55 24.15 24.85 22001 20.30 20.20 22.40 22.00 22.80 22.13 2002 17.68 18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78 2003 27.39 27.85 30.40 31.16 35.03 30.25 22004 27.08 28.67 29.47 29.97 32.10 30.10 2

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Prices for 1974 and 1975 are for crude oil with 40° API gravity. Prices for 1980 include $4.72 in

retroactive charges and market premiums. 3 Prices from 1977 forward include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues. 4 1970-1985—26° API; 1986 forward—31° API. 5 Price for 1980 includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.

API=API gravity. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are at beginning of year. • Based on official government-selling prices, netback values,

or spot market quotations.• Prices are usually f.o.b. at the fore

Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices aTables 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21 for other types of crude oil prices foPurchase Prices, Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports, and Refine

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intellige

Weekly. • 1979 forward—Energy Information Administration, W
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2002

Regular UnleadedPremium Unleaded2308 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Nominal dollars.2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

Source: Table 11.8.

3.66

3.06

2.25

1.97 1.83 1.70

Germany Japan Mexico Taiwan Australia Canada 

0

1

2

345

Dollars1 per Gallon

4.16

3.73 3.61

2.90

1.56 1.41 

United Kingdom Italy France Spain United States South Afric

0

1

2

345

Dollars1 per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2002

 (Dollars1 per Gallon)

Year

Regular Unleaded Premium Unlead

Australia Brazil Canada China Germany Japan Mexico Taiwan

United

States France Italy

SouthAfrica

South

Korea Spa

1990 NA 3.82 1.87 NA 2.65 3.17 1.00 2.49 1.16 3.63 4.60 NA NA N1991 1.96 2.91 1.92 NA 2.90 3.46 1.29 2.39 1.14 3.45 4.50 NA NA N1992 1.89 2.92 1.73 NA 3.27 3.59 1.50 2.42 1.13 3.57 4.53 NA NA 3.41993 1.73 2.40 1.57 NA 3.07 4.02 1.56 2.27 1.11 3.41 3.68 NA NA 3.01994 1.84 2.80 1.45 0.96 3.52 4.39 1.48 2.14 1.11 3.59 3.71 NA NA 2.91995 1.95 2.16 1.53 1.03 3.96 4.43 1.12 2.23 1.15 4.26 4.00 NA NA 3.21996 2.12 2.31 1.61 1.03 3.94 3.65 1.26 2.15 1.23 4.41 4.39 1.74 NA 3.31997 2.05 2.61 1.62 1.07 3.54 3.27 1.47 2.23 1.23 4.01 4.06 1.72 NA 3.01998 1.63 2.80 1.38 1.08 3.34 2.82 1.50 1.86 1.06 3.87 3.84 1.51 NA 2.81999 1.72 NA 1.51 R0.95 3.42 3.27 1.80 1.86 1.17 3.85 3.87 1.56 NA 2.82000 1.94 NA 1.86 R1.06 3.45 R3.65 2.02 2.15 1.51 3.80 3.77 1.78 NA 2.82001 1.71 NA 1.72 NA 3.40 R3.27 2.21 2.01 1.46 3.51 R3.57 1.59 NA 2.72002 1.83 NA 1.70 NA 3.66 3.06 2.25 1.97 1.36 3.61 3.73 1.41 NA 2.9

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which

are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange ratespublished by the International Monetary Fund. • Prices for all countries, except the United States, havebeen converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.786 liters per gallon. Comparisons betweenprices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of

fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, m

the extent to which the standard categories of sales are represperiod.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • United States: Table 5.24. • All Other Data: 

for Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices aSection B, quarterly reports.
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

World and OECD,1 1970-2003 Leading Countries, 1970-2003Selected OECD1 Countries, 2003310 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.

Notes: • Capacity as of January 1. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be

compared.

Source: Table 11.9.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

1970 1975 1980 1985 19

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

World

OECD1

16.8

4.8

2.6 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 

United States Japan South Korea Italy Germany Canada France United Kingdom 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Former U.S.S.

Japan

55% of World

Total in 2003

China
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2003

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD 1 Countries Selected Non-OECD C

Canada France Germany 2 Italy Japan Mexico 3 

South

Korea 3 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 4 Brazil China

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Sa

Ara

1970 1.40 2.32 2.36 2.96 3.14 0.50 0.18 0.69 2.30 12.02 32.18 0.50 0.30 5.64 — 01971 1.45 2.53 2.54 3.24 3.70 0.57 0.25 0.85 2.39 12.86 35.18 0.51 0.42 6.27 — 01972 1.45 2.69 2.56 3.68 3.82 0.59 0.22 0.87 2.59 13.29 37.22 0.56 0.48 6.68 — 01973 1.73 2.95 2.70 3.59 4.53 0.63 0.43 1.03 2.47 13.64 39.48 0.72 0.50 7.26 — 01974 1.79 3.14 2.83 3.88 5.15 0.63 0.42 1.16 2.76 14.36 42.41 0.79 0.60 7.81 — 01975 1.88 3.34 2.99 3.95 5.35 0.76 0.43 1.17 2.78 14.96 44.07 0.96 0.85 8.24 — 01976 2.02 3.31 3.10 4.08 5.63 0.76 0.44 1.32 2.89 15.24 46.16 0.99 1.01 9.23 — 01977 2.10 3.52 3.08 4.26 5.76 0.94 0.42 1.28 3.01 16.40 48.34 1.12 1.40 9.10 — 01978 2.17 3.46 3.08 4.23 5.67 1.38 0.48 1.27 2.91 17.05 49.37 1.16 1.46 9.98 — 01979 2.23 3.47 3.10 4.20 5.68 1.24 0.54 1.43 2.53 17.44 49.31 1.21 1.58 10.48 — 01980 2.22 3.40 2.99 4.13 5.71 1.39 0.60 1.46 2.53 17.99 50.07 1.21 1.60 10.95 — 01981 2.17 3.34 3.02 4.09 5.66 1.39 0.61 1.46 2.63 18.62 50.57 1.40 1.81 11.40 — 01982 2.20 3.29 2.94 4.00 5.81 1.47 0.76 1.52 2.48 17.89 49.70 1.41 1.81 11.60 — 01983 2.02 2.87 2.47 3.28 5.73 1.29 0.76 1.52 2.26 16.86 45.79 1.22 2.00 11.75 — 01984 1.81 2.67 2.39 3.05 5.17 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.09 16.14 43.41 1.30 2.05 12.00 — 01985 1.87 2.39 2.17 3.10 4.97 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.01 15.66 42.10 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 01986 1.86 1.95 1.93 2.74 4.72 1.27 0.78 1.37 1.79 15.46 40.00 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 11987 1.76 1.83 1.72 2.68 4.79 1.35 0.86 1.31 1.78 15.57 39.64 1.32 2.20 12.26 — 11988 1.87 1.94 1.65 2.56 4.57 1.35 0.82 1.31 1.80 15.92 40.03 1.41 2.20 12.26 — 11989 1.86 1.88 1.52 2.45 4.36 1.35 0.88 1.29 1.80 15.65 39.35 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11990 1.85 1.82 1.51 2.80 4.20 1.51 0.87 1.29 1.83 15.57 39.66 1.40 2.20 12.30 — 11991 1.88 1.82 2.07 2.39 4.38 1.68 0.87 1.32 1.87 15.68 40.16 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11992 1.91 1.82 2.06 2.39 4.61 1.57 1.16 1.32 1.86 15.70 41.26 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11993 1.87 1.85 2.23 2.42 4.74 1.52 1.15 1.30 1.84 15.12 40.82 1.40 2.20 — 6.46 11994 1.88 1.86 2.27 2.26 4.81 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.87 15.03 40.98 1.25 2.20 — 6.46 11995 1.91 1.77 2.32 2.26 4.85 1.52 1.17 1.28 1.87 15.43 41.42 1.25 2.87 — 6.53 11996 1.85 1.78 2.13 2.28 4.87 1.52 1.24 1.33 1.89 15.33 41.19 1.26 2.87 — 6.72 11997 1.85 1.79 2.11 2.26 4.99 1.52 2.21 1.30 1.94 15.45 42.36 1.26 2.87 — 6.73 11998 1.85 1.87 2.18 2.45 4.97 1.52 2.54 1.29 1.83 15.71 43.31 1.66 2.97 — 6.87 11999 1.87 1.95 2.25 2.45 5.06 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.85 16.26 44.08 1.77 4.35 — 6.75 12000 1.91 1.90 2.28 2.34 5.00 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.79 16.51 44.21 1.78 4.35 — 6.67 12001 1.91 1.90 2.26 2.36 4.96 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.77 16.60 44.37 1.92 4.35 — 5.44 12002 1.94 1.90 2.26 2.28 4.79 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.78 16.79 44.38 1.79 4.53 — 5.44 12003 1.98 1.90 2.27 2.30 4.77 1.68 2.56 1.32 1.79 16.76 44.55 1.87 4.53 — 5.44 1

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. 2 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 3 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on

December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

4 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available. The Czech Republic, which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995, is included in Total OECD beginningin 1994, the first year that data for the country were available.

— = Not applicable.Notes: • Capacity data represent distillation capacity. • Capacity for all years is as of January 1.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: • 1970-1977—Bureau of Min

Refineries, Annual, annual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy InfoReports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. TeSupply Annual, annual reports. China and Former U.S.SCompany, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statisticaforward—PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. ACompany, Oil & Gas Journal.
Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

World and OECD,1 1960-2002 Leading Consumers, 1960-2002Selected OECD1 Consumers, 2002312 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.10.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

World

OECD1

19.8

5.3

2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 

United States Japan Germany South Korea Canada France Mexico Italy U

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

United States

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

61% of World

Total in 2002

China
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2002

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD 1 Consumers Selected Non-OEC

Canada France Germany 2 Italy Japan Mexico 3 

South

Korea 3 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 4 Brazil China India

Fo

U.S

1960 0.84 0.56 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.30 0.01 0.10 0.94 9.80 15.78 0.27 0.17 0.16 21961 0.87 0.63 0.79 0.54 0.82 0.29 0.02 0.12 1.04 9.98 16.77 0.28 0.17 0.17 21962 0.92 0.73 1.00 0.67 0.93 0.30 0.02 0.12 1.12 10.40 18.06 0.31 0.14 0.18 21963 0.99 0.86 1.17 0.77 1.21 0.31 0.03 0.12 1.27 10.74 19.60 0.34 0.17 0.21 31964 1.05 0.98 1.36 0.90 1.48 0.33 0.02 0.20 1.36 11.02 21.05 0.35 0.20 0.22 31965 1.14 1.09 1.61 0.98 1.74 0.34 0.03 0.23 1.49 11.51 22.81 0.33 0.23 0.25 31966 1.21 1.19 1.80 1.08 1.98 0.36 0.04 0.31 1.58 12.08 24.60 0.38 0.30 0.28 31967 1.25 1.34 1.86 1.19 2.14 0.39 0.07 0.36 1.64 12.56 25.94 0.38 0.28 0.26 41968 1.34 1.46 1.99 1.40 2.66 0.41 0.10 0.46 1.82 13.39 28.56 0.46 0.31 0.31 41969 1.42 1.66 2.33 1.69 3.25 0.45 0.15 0.49 1.98 14.14 31.54 0.48 0.44 0.34 41970 1.52 1.94 2.83 1.71 3.82 0.50 0.20 0.58 2.10 14.70 34.49 0.53 0.62 0.40 51971 1.56 2.12 2.94 1.84 4.14 0.52 0.23 0.64 2.14 15.21 36.07 0.58 0.79 0.42 51972 1.66 2.32 3.13 1.95 4.36 0.59 0.23 0.68 2.28 16.37 38.74 0.66 0.91 0.46 61973 1.73 2.60 3.34 2.07 4.95 0.67 0.28 0.78 2.34 17.31 41.53 0.78 1.12 0.49 61974 1.78 2.45 3.06 2.00 4.86 0.71 0.29 0.86 2.21 16.65 40.12 0.86 1.19 0.47 71975 1.78 2.25 2.96 1.86 4.62 0.75 0.31 0.87 1.91 16.32 38.82 0.92 1.36 0.50 71976 1.82 2.42 3.21 1.97 4.84 0.83 0.36 0.97 1.89 17.46 41.39 1.00 1.53 0.51 71977 1.85 2.29 3.21 1.90 4.88 0.88 0.42 0.94 1.91 18.43 42.43 1.02 1.64 0.55 81978 1.90 2.41 3.29 1.95 4.95 0.99 0.48 0.98 1.94 18.85 43.62 1.11 1.79 0.62 81979 1.97 2.46 3.37 2.04 5.05 1.10 0.53 1.02 1.97 18.51 44.01 1.18 1.84 0.66 81980 1.87 2.26 3.08 1.93 4.96 1.27 0.54 0.99 1.73 17.06 R41.76 1.15 1.77 0.64 91981 1.77 2.02 2.80 1.87 4.85 1.40 0.54 0.94 1.59 16.06 R39.49 1.09 1.71 0.73 81982 1.58 1.88 2.74 1.78 4.58 1.48 0.53 1.00 1.59 15.30 R37.77 1.06 1.66 0.74 91983 1.45 1.84 2.66 1.75 4.40 1.35 0.56 1.01 1.53 15.23 R36.91 0.98 1.73 0.77 81984 R1.52 R1.77 R2.56 R1.72 R4.67 R1.40 R0.55 R0.85 R1.83 15.73 R37.70 1.03 1.74 0.82 81985 R1.53 R1.75 R2.65 R1.71 R4.44 R1.48 R0.55 R0.86 R1.62 15.73 R37.48 1.08 1.89 R0.89 81986 R1.53 R1.76 R2.79 R1.73 R4.50 R1.52 R0.59 R0.87 R1.64 16.28 R38.61 1.24 2.00 0.95 81987 R1.61 1.79 R2.72 R1.82 R4.57 R1.58 R0.63 0.90 R1.61 16.67 R39.37 1.26 2.12 0.99 91988 R1.68 1.80 R2.72 R1.83 R4.85 R1.60 R0.75 0.98 R1.69 17.28 R40.68 1.30 2.28 1.08 81989 R1.75 R1.84 2.58 R1.90 R5.06 R1.72 R0.86 R0.98 R1.73 17.33 R41.34 1.32 2.38 1.15 81990 R1.75 R1.83 R2.68 1.87 R5.30 R1.75 R1.05 1.01 R1.78 16.99 R41.60 1.47 2.30 1.17 81991 R1.67 1.94 2.83 1.86 R5.37 R1.83 R1.26 1.07 1.80 16.71 R41.97 1.48 2.50 1.19 81992 R1.73 1.93 2.84 R1.89 R5.49 R1.86 R1.53 R1.10 R1.82 17.03 R42.92 1.52 2.66 1.27 1993 R1.76 1.88 R2.91 R1.89 R5.41 R1.84 R1.68 1.06 R1.83 17.24 R43.29 1.58 2.96 1.31 1994 R1.77 R1.87 2.88 R1.87 R5.70 R1.93 R1.84 R1.12 R1.83 17.72 R44.46 1.67 3.16 1.41 1995 R1.81 R1.92 2.88 R1.94 R5.73 R1.82 2.01 R1.19 R1.81 17.72 R44.91 1.79 3.36 1.57 1996 R1.87 R1.95 R2.92 R1.92 R5.77 R1.79 R2.10 R1.20 1.85 18.31 R45.98 1.90 3.61 1.68 1997 R1.95 R1.97 R2.92 R1.93 R5.72 1.85 R2.25 R1.27 1.80 18.62 R46.71 2.03 3.92 1.77 1998 1.95 R2.04 2.92 R1.94 R5.52 1.95 R1.92 R1.36 1.79 18.92 R46.87 2.10 4.11 1.84 1999 2.03 2.03 2.84 R1.89 R5.61 R1.96 R2.08 R1.40 R1.79 19.52 R47.76 2.13 4.36 2.03 2000 R2.02 R2.00 R2.77 R1.85 R5.48 R2.04 R2.14 R1.43 R1.76 19.70 R47.85 2.17 4.80 2.13 2001 R2.04 R2.05 2.81 R1.84 R5.39 R1.99 R2.13 R1.49 1.72 19.65 R47.90 R2.21 R4.92 R2.18 2002P 2.09 1.98 2.72 1.85 5.30 1.98 2.18 1.51 1.70 19.76 47.82 2.16 5.16 2.19 

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. 2 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,

this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 3 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD onDecember 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

4 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available. 

OECD totals include Czechoslovakia from 1980-1992, Czech R

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1960-1979—Energy Information Administrat

• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2002" (May 
Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

World and Leading Producers, 1993-2002 World Areas, 2002World Areas, 1993-2002314 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.11.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

255075

100

Trillion Cubic Feet

30.65

27.05

13.41

North, E. Europe Middle East 

0

10203040

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Canada

Russia

and Africa 

United States

Western Europe

Asia and Oceania

Middl

Central,

and

South America

North, Central,

and South America

and

Former

U.S.S.R.

Eastern Europe

and Former U.S.S.R.

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

0

10203040

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1993-2002

 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

North, Central, and South America ............................... 26.26 27.50 27.74 28.39 28.75 29.39 29.53 

 Argentina ........................................................................ 0.76 0.79 0.88 0.94 0.97 1.04 1.22  Canada ........................................................................... 4.91 5.27 5.60 5.71 5.76 5.98 6.26  Mexico ............................................................................ 0.95 0.97 0.96 1.06 1.17 1.27 1.29  United States .................................................................. 18.10 18.82 18.60 18.85 18.90 19.02 18.83  Venezuela ....................................................................... 0.82 0.88 0.89 0.96 0.99 1.11 0.95  Other ............................................................................... 0.73 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.96 0.96 0.98 

Western Europe .............................................................. 8.33 8.44 8.80 10.09 9.71 9.64 9.92 

 Germany ......................................................................... 0.68 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.82  Italy ................................................................................. 0.69 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.62  Netherlands .................................................................... 3.11 2.95 2.98 3.37 2.99 2.84 2.67  Norway ........................................................................... 0.97 1.04 1.08 1.45 1.62 1.63 1.76  United Kingdom .............................................................. 2.31 2.47 2.67 3.18 3.03 3.14 3.49  Other ............................................................................... 0.57 0.55 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.57 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ........................... 27.99 26.47 25.93 26.28 24.85 25.17 25.41 2

 Romania ......................................................................... 0.75 0.69 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.52 0.50  Russia ............................................................................. 21.81 21.45 21.01 21.23 20.17 20.87 20.83 2 Turkmenistan .................................................................. 2.29 1.26 1.14 1.31 0.90 0.47 0.79  Ukraine ........................................................................... 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.63  Uzbekistan ...................................................................... 1.59 1.67 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.94 1.96  Other ............................................................................... 0.87 0.76 0.79 0.76 0.79 0.74 0.70 

Middle East and Africa ................................................... 7.24 7.41 7.99 8.76 9.74 10.30 10.95 

 Algeria ............................................................................ 1.90 1.81 2.05 2.19 2.43 2.60 2.88  Egypt .............................................................................. 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.52  Iran ................................................................................. 0.96 1.12 1.25 1.42 1.66 1.77 2.04  Qatar ............................................................................... 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.61 0.69 0.78  Saudi Arabia ................................................................... 1.27 1.33 1.34 1.46 1.60 1.65 1.63  United Arab Emirates ..................................................... 0.94 0.91 1.11 1.19 1.28 1.31 1.34  Other ............................................................................... 1.30 1.34 1.33 1.53 1.67 1.79 1.76 

Asia and Oceania ............................................................ 6.55 7.11 7.50 8.13 8.47 8.55 9.10 

 Australia .......................................................................... 0.86 0.93 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.10 1.10  China .............................................................................. 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.78 0.85  India ................................................................................ 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.70 0.72 0.76 0.75  Indonesia ........................................................................ 1.97 2.21 2.24 2.35 2.37 2.27 2.51  Malaysia ......................................................................... 0.88 0.92 1.02 1.23 1.36 1.37 1.42  Pakistan .......................................................................... 0.58 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.78  Other ............................................................................... 1.16 1.23 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.56 1.69 

World ............................................................................... 76.36 76.93 77.96 81.65 81.52 83.03 84.91 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 2.4.
Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

World and Leading Consumers, 1980-2002Selected Consuming Countries, 2002316 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.12.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1

0

255075

100

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Former U.S.S.R. United S

22.9

14.6

3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.8 

United Russia United Germany Canada Iran Ukraine Japan Italy Saudi Nether- Uzb

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

States Kingdom Arabia lands
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2002

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year Canada France Germany 1 Indonesia Iran Italy Japan

Netherlands Former U.S.S.R. Russia Saudi Arabia Ukraine United Kingdom Unit

Stat

1980 1,883 981 2,621 195 232 972 903 1,493 13,328 — 334 — 1,702 19,81981 1,842 1,003 2,513 232 155 942 925 1,421 14,440 — 564 — 1,740 19,41982 1,859 979 2,334 218 200 944 956 1,511 15,522 — 430 — 1,743 18,01983 1,863 999 2,397 302 310 967 1,020 1,451 16,822 — 418 — 1,815 16,81984 2,017 1,079 2,584 365 476 1,135 1,372 1,540 18,512 — 620 — 1,851 17,91985 2,165 1,110 2,546 513 600 1,151 1,468 1,624 20,302 — 716 — 1,991 17,21986 2,130 1,129 2,595 441 536 1,217 1,494 1,620 21,522 — 890 — 2,020 16,21987 2,112 1,038 2,733 542 565 1,346 1,543 1,672 22,462 — 946 — 2,079 17,21988 2,331 963 2,716 492 706 1,460 1,618 1,513 24,092 — 1,028 — 1,972 18,01989 2,427 984 2,835 546 784 1,581 1,731 1,550 24,529 — 1,052 — 1,951 19,11990 2,378 997 2,669 547 837 1,674 1,851 1,535 24,961 — 1,077 — 2,059 19,11991 2,400 1,131 2,776 557 811 1,775 1,976 1,715 25,014 — 1,130 — 2,218 19,51992 2,596 1,146 2,739 673 883 1,760 2,023 1,669 — 16,482 1,201 3,503 2,170 20,21993 2,736 1,158 2,830 850 938 1,801 2,034 1,714 — 16,185 1,268 3,871 2,412 20,71994 2,824 1,157 2,965 965 1,123 1,748 2,180 1,654 — 15,214 1,331 3,327 2,542 21,21995 2,791 1,183 3,172 1,061 1,243 1,921 2,207 1,701 — 14,507 1,343 2,970 2,690 22,21996 2,917 1,314 3,163 1,108 1,416 1,984 2,390 1,874 — 14,504 1,460 2,935 3,182 22,61997 2,887 1,300 3,012 1,125 1,663 2,048 2,439 1,763 — 13,434 1,601 2,832 3,013 22,71998 2,794 1,313 3,130 983 1,828 2,205 2,535 1,752 — 14,045 1,653 2,606 3,072 22,21999 R2,934 R1,383 3,151 1,124 2,112 2,396 2,646 1,705 — 14,013 1,632 2,755 3,259 22,42000 R2,952 R1,505 R3,098 1,081 2,221 2,498 R2,785 1,725 — 14,130 1,759 2,779 3,373 R23,32001 R2,912 R1,576 R3,239 R1,182 R2,478 R2,505 R2,709 R1,769 — 14,412 1,896 2,617 R3,338 R22,22002P 2,959 1,586 3,204 1,197 2,798 2,485 2,666 1,765 — 14,567 2,002 2,779 3,313 22,8

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 1.3.
Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal

By Type By RegionTop Reserves Countries318 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Notes: • Recoverable reserves are as of December 31, 2000, except for U.S. recoverable

reserves, which are as of December 31, 2002. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs shouldnot be compared.

Source: Table 11.13.

Europe

570

511

Anthracite Subbituminous

0

250500750

Billion Short Tons

280

24

101

290

North America Central Western Eastern 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

and Bituminous

Coal

Coal and

Lignite

and South

America Europe and Former U.S.S.R. 

272

173

126

93 90

73

55

38 37

24 

United Russia China India Australia Germany South Ukraine Kazakhstan Poland 

0

100200300

Billion Short Tons

States Africa
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal and Lignite 

North America ............................................................. R130,629 R149,836 

 Canada ....................................................................... 3,826 3,425  Greenland ................................................................... 0 202  Mexico ........................................................................ 948 387  United States 1 ........................................................... R125,855 R145,822 

Central and South America ....................................... 8,530 15,448 

 Brazil ........................................................................... 0 13,149  Chile ........................................................................... 34 1,268  Colombia .................................................................... 6,908 420  Peru ............................................................................ 1,058 110  Other ........................................................................... 529 500 

Western Europe .......................................................... 27,650 73,693 

 Germany ..................................................................... 25,353 47,399  Greece ........................................................................ 0 3,168  Turkey ......................................................................... 306 3,760  United Kingdom .......................................................... 1,102 551  Yugoslavia .................................................................. 71 17,849  Other ........................................................................... 818 966 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....................... 132,046 158,138 

 Bulgaria ...................................................................... 14 2,974  Czech Republic .......................................................... 2,330 3,929  Hungary ...................................................................... 0 1,209  Kazakhstan ................................................................. 34,172 3,307  Poland ........................................................................ 22,377 2,050  Romania ..................................................................... 1 1,605  Russia ......................................................................... 54,110 118,964  Ukraine ....................................................................... 17,939 19,708  Uzbekistan .................................................................. 1,102 3,307  Other ........................................................................... 0 1,085 

Africa ........................................................................... 60,816 216 

 Botswana .................................................................... 4,740 0  South Africa ................................................................ 54,586 0  Zimbabwe ................................................................... 553 0  Other ........................................................................... 936 216 

Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................................. 210,604 113,675 

 Australia ...................................................................... 46,903 43,585  China .......................................................................... 68,564 57,651  India ............................................................................ 90,826 2,205  Indonesia .................................................................... 871 5,049  Japan .......................................................................... 852 0  Pakistan ...................................................................... 0 2,497  Thailand ...................................................................... 0 1,398  Other ........................................................................... 2,588 1,291 

World ........................................................................... R570,275 R511,005 

1 U.S. data are more current than other data on this table. They represent recoverable reserves as of 

December 31, 2002; data for the other countries are as of December 31, 2000, the most recent period forwhich they are available.

R=Revised. Notes: • World Energy Council data represent "Proved Recoverable Reserves," which are the tonnage

within the "Proved Amount in Place" that can be recovered (extracted from the earth in raw form) underpresent and expected local economic conditions with existing, available technology. • The EIA does notcertify the international reserves data but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience for the

reader. • U. S. reserves represent estimated recoverable rese

which includes both measured and indicated tonnage. The U.S"proved," used by the World Energy Council. The U.S. "mcombined and cannot be recaptured as "measured alone." • Toto independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International Ene
Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

World and Leading Producers, 1993-2002 World Areas, 1993-2002Top Producing Countries, 2002320 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

China

World

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.14.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

2

46

Billion Short Tons

1994 1996 1998 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Billion Short Tons

United States

Middle East, Asia, and Ocean

Western Europe

Africa

1.52

1.09

0.39 0.38

0.26 0.25 0.23 0.18

0.11 0.09 

China United States India Australia Russia South Africa Germany Poland Indonesia Ukraine 

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Billion Short Tons

N
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1993-2002

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200

North, Central, and South America ........... 1,064 1,160 1,165 1,201 1,236 1,264 1,241 1,2

 Canada ....................................................... 76 80 83 R84 87 83 80  Colombia .................................................... 23 25 28 33 36 37 36 4 Mexico ........................................................ 8 10 10 11 11 12 11  United States .............................................. 945 1,034 1,033 1,064 1,090 1,118 1,100 1,0 Other ........................................................... 11 11 11 10 12 14 13 

Western Europe .......................................... 611 R566 R556 R548 R542 R528 501 R4

 France ........................................................ 12 11 11 9 8 7 6  Germany .................................................... 315 292 274 265 252 233 226 2 Greece ........................................................ 60 62 64 66 65 67 68  Macedonia .................................................. 8 8 8 8 8 9 8  Slovenia ...................................................... 6 5 5 5 6 5 5  Spain .......................................................... 35 33 31 R30 29 29 27  Turkey ......................................................... 54 60 61 62 66 74 74  United Kingdom .......................................... 75 54 52 54 52 44 40  Yugoslavia .................................................. 41 R37 R45 R45 R47 49 37  Other ........................................................... 6 5 5 4 R9 R11 10 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R978 R904 R860 R813 R816 R760 R741 R7

 Bulgaria ...................................................... R28 R28 R30 R31 33 R33 R28 R Czech Republic .......................................... 94 85 R83 R85 R82 74 65  Hungary ...................................................... 16 16 16 17 17 R16 R16 R Kazakhstan ................................................. 123 115 92 85 80 77 64  Poland ........................................................ 218 220 220 193 222 196 188 1 Romania ..................................................... 44 45 45 46 37 29 25  Russia ......................................................... R316 R281 R271 R265 R253 241 259 R2 Ukraine ....................................................... 128 104 95 83 85 85 R88 R Uzbekistan .................................................. 4 4 3 3 3 3 3  Other ........................................................... 7 6 5 5 5 5 5 

Africa ........................................................... 211 224 R235 235 251 254 250 2

 South Africa ................................................ 203 216 227 227 244 247 243 24 Zimbabwe ................................................... 6 R5 R55455 Other ........................................................... 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 

Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................. R1,970 R2,082 R2,263 R2,282 R2,291 R2,243 R2,209 R2,1

 Australia ...................................................... 248 248 267 272 292 317 321 3 China .......................................................... 1,304 1,404 1,537 1,545 1,507 1,429 1,365 1,3 India ............................................................ R288 R301 R321 315 R338 R343 R356 R3 Indonesia .................................................... R32 R36 R45 55 60 R68 R81  Mongolia ..................................................... 6 6 6 6 5 R5 R6 North Korea ................................................ R40 R37 R35 R31 R30 R27 R31 R South Korea ................................................ 10 8 6 5 5 5 5  Thailand ...................................................... 17 19 20 24 26 22 20 2 Vietnam ...................................................... 7 6 9 11 13 12 10  Other ........................................................... 18 18 17 R18 15 14 15 

World ........................................................... R4,834 R4,936 R5,079 R5,079 R5,136 R5,048 R4,943 R4,9

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and

brown coal. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 2.5.
Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

World Total, 1980-2002 Selected Countries, 1980-2002Top Consuming Countries, 2002322 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

46

Billion Short Tons

5.26

in 2002

1980 1985 1990 

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.6

Billion Short Tons

1.42

1.07

0.42

0.27 0.23 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15

0.10 

 China United States India Germany Russia Japan South Africa Australia Poland Ukraine 

0.00.51.01.5

Billion Short Tons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2002

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia China Germany 1 Greece India Japan

North

Korea Poland

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

SouthAfrica Turkey Ukraine

Unit

Kingd

1980 74 679 535 26 130 98 R49 221 751 — 105 20 — 11981 75 680 544 30 R140 106 R51 200 748 — 116 23 — 11982 79 726 548 31 147 105 R54 208 771 — 124 26 — 11983 78 768 549 36 160 100 R56 213 764 — 127 29 — 11984 81 845 573 36 R179 113 R57 227 770 — 137 35 — 1985 86 921 579 42 193 119 R60 238 779 — 142 46 — 11986 84 962 576 44 209 109 R59 247 803 — 145 54 — 11987 93 1,027 565 49 R209 111 R57 258 807 — 148 54 — 11988 96 1,098 562 56 R228 123 R58 253 821 — 151 51 — 11989 104 1,113 553 59 R239 123 R57 242 777 — 140 60 — 11990 104 1,124 528 59 R256 R126 R54 202 848 — 139 60 — 11991 108 1,165 408 59 R271 R129 R52 202 672 — 144 64 — 11992 111 1,199 362 62 R283 R125 R46 192 — R326 147 66 151 11993 109 1,276 335 62 R294 R127 R42 194 — R313 146 R60 R136 1994 110 1,390 314 66 R314 R137 R39 184 — R284 161 66 109 1995 112 1,498 298 64 R332 R142 R36 184 — R270 162 67 110 1996 120 1,517 296 66 R332 R142 R31 160 — R278 164 73 95 1997 127 1,450 280 66 R359 R151 R30 182 — R253 172 80 92 1998 138 1,392 269 68 R363 R141 R27 168 — 238 161 86 92 R1999 141 1,343 257 68 R375 R151 R31 161 — 247 170 84 R91 2000 141 1,282 R269 72 R405 R165 R33 158 — R253 R176 R89 R93 2001 R150 R1,357 R274 R75 R414 R173 R34 151 — R242 R173 R83 R95 R2002P 160 1,422 274 76 421 179 37 149 — 229 172 73 96 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Table 1.4.
Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity

Net Generation by Type–1980, 1990, and 2002 Net Generation by Type by Region, 2002

(Percent of Regional Total)

Net Generation in Leading Countries, 2002324 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 11.16.

9.8

2.6 2.6

0.3

7.1

2.2 1.9

0.1

5.6

1.7

0.7

(s)

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Other1

0369

12

Trillion Kilowatthours

1980 1990 2002

3.8

1.6

1.0 0.9

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

United China Japan Russia Canada Germany India France

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

North America C

15

19

66

Power

States Middle East and Africa 

Western Europe

Easter

30

21

49

88

11

1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2002

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2002 P 1980 1990 2002 P 1980 1990 2002 P 

North America ............................................. 1,880.1 R2,292.0 3,050.4 287.0 648.9 860.3 546.9 606.5 595.8 

 Canada ....................................................... 79.8 101.9 155.2 35.9 69.2 71.0 251.0 293.9 315.5  Mexico ........................................................ 46.0 85.7 164.1 0.0 2.8 9.3 16.7 23.2 24.7  United States ............................................. 1,753.8 2,103.8 2,730.2 251.1 576.9 780.1 279.2 289.4 255.6  Other ........................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Central and South America ....................... 99.8 114.8 214.3 2.2 9.0 19.2 201.5 365.0 534.8 

 Argentina .................................................... 22.2 20.9 39.7 2.2 7.0 5.4 17.3 20.2 35.5  Brazil ........................................................... 7.5 8.1 28.6 0.0 1.9 13.8 128.4 204.6 282.1  Paraguay .................................................... 0.0 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 26.9 48.3  Venezuela ................................................... 17.6 21.0 28.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 36.6 58.9  Other ........................................................... 52.4 R 64.8 118.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.6 76.5 110.0 

Western Europe .......................................... 1,180.1 1,171.6 1,436.8 219.2 707.5 881.7 431.7 453.4 503.2 

 Belgium ....................................................... 38.3 25.0 29.5 11.9 40.6 45.0 0.3 0.3 0.4  Finland ........................................................ 22.0 22.8 29.8 6.6 18.3 21.2 10.1 10.8 10.7  France ........................................................ 118.0 44.3 49.0 63.4 298.4 414.9 68.3 52.8 60.5  Germany ..................................................... 390.3 358.9 341.6 55.6 145.1 156.8 18.8 17.2 23.0  Italy ............................................................. 125.5 167.5 212.3 2.1 0.0 0.0 45.0 31.3 40.0  Netherlands ................................................ 58.0 63.2 82.3 3.9 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.1 0.1  Norway ....................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.7 119.9 125.1  Spain .......................................................... 74.5 66.5 134.8 5.2 51.6 59.9 29.2 25.2 22.8  Sweden ....................................................... 10.1 3.2 6.2 25.3 64.8 65.4 58.1 71.8 66.0  Switzerland ................................................. 0.9 0.6 1.0 12.9 22.4 25.9 32.5 29.5 34.8  Turkey ......................................................... 12.0 32.3 89.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 22.9 33.3  United Kingdom .......................................... 228.9 230.0 265.5 32.3 58.7 83.6 3.9 5.1 4.8  Other ........................................................... 101.4 157.0 194.6 0.0 4.4 5.3 71.7 66.6 81.6 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 1,309.3 1,471.5 1,042.1 83.2 251.3 297.1 211.3 253.6 275.8 

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 50.8 — — 17.8 — — 2.5  Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 46.7 — — 0.0 — — 8.7  Poland ........................................................ 111.1 125.0 130.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.3 2.0  Romania ..................................................... 51.4 49.7 31.8 0.0 0.0 5.1 12.5 10.9 16.7  Russia ......................................................... — — 533.2 — — 134.1 — — 180.2  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 83.6 — — 73.4 — — 10.2  Other ........................................................... 1,146.8 1,296.7 165.2 83.2 251.3 66.7 195.5 239.4 55.5 

Middle East .................................................. 82.8 216.3 470.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 12.5 19.4 

 Iran ............................................................. 15.7 49.8 121.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.0 8.0  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.5 64.9 138.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 46.6 101.6 211.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 6.5 11.4 

Africa ........................................................... 129.1 243.8 360.7 0.0 8.4 12.0 60.1 54.9 80.7 

 Egypt .......................................................... 8.6 31.5 66.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 9.9 14.4  South Africa ................................................ 92.1 146.6 188.3 0.0 8.4 12.0 1.0 1.0 2.4  Other ........................................................... 28.4 65.6 105.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.4 44.0 63.9 

Asia and Oceania ........................................ 907.7 1,626.8 3,270.4 92.7 279.9 489.3 275.2 420.9 617.9 

 Australia ...................................................... 74.5 131.8 191.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 14.0 16.3  China .......................................................... 227.9 465.2 1,240.8 0.0 0.0 23.5 57.6 125.1 308.9  India ............................................................ 69.7 198.9 457.2 3.0 5.6 17.8 46.5 70.9 68.0  Indonesia .................................................... 10.6 35.3 85.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 10.1 10.4  Japan .......................................................... 381.6 524.0 646.5 78.6 192.2 295.1 87.8 88.4 81.4  South Korea ................................................ 29.8 45.5 170.9 3.3 50.2 113.1 1.5 4.6 3.2  Taiwan ........................................................ 31.3 43.6 114.2 7.8 31.6 38.0 2.9 8.2 6.3  Thailand ...................................................... 12.3 38.7 94.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.9 6.4  Other ........................................................... 70.1 143.8 269.0 (s) 0.4 1.8 61.8 94.5 117.0 

World ........................................................... 5,588.8 7,136.8 9,845.2 684.4 1,905.0 2,559.6 1,736.3 2,166.8 2,627.6 

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Tables 1.2 and 8.2a. All Other 

"International Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Tables 2.6, 2.7, 
Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

By Type–1980, 1990, and 2002Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares by Type, 2002326 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publi

100 percent.

Sources: Tables 11.16 and 11.17.

2,380

725

362

1,738

593

323

1,348

457

136 5

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

600

1,2001,8002,4003,000

Million Kilowatts

1980 1990 2002

64

17 17

68

21

10

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

20406080

Percent of Total

Installed Capacity Net Generation
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2002

 (Million Kilowatts)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2002 P 1980 1990 2002 P 1980 1990 2002 P 

North America ............................................. R 481.7 R 575.0 752.1 57.7 112.2 110.7 135.7 R159.1 176.6 R 

 Canada ....................................................... R 26.6 R 28.0 31.9 5.9 11.9 10.6 47.9 57.9 67.2 R  Mexico ........................................................ 10.8 R 18.9 30.4 0.0 0.7 1.4 6.1 7.8 9.6  United States .............................................. 444.1 527.8 689.5 51.8 99.6 98.7 81.7 93.4 99.8  Other ........................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Central and South America ....................... 36.0 44.9 70.2 0.4 1.7 3.0 43.0 84.1 117.5 

 Argentina .................................................... 8.0 9.5 16.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 3.6 6.6 9.6  Brazil ........................................................... 4.1 4.7 7.6 0.0 0.7 2.0 27.5 44.8 63.4  Paraguay .................................................... 0.1 (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.8 8.0  Venezuela ................................................... 5.8 8.5 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 10.0 13.1  Other ........................................................... 18.0 22.1 38.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 16.9 23.4 

Western Europe .......................................... R 291.8 R 315.8 356.0 44.7 117.7 127.7 126.7 R140.5 146.4 R 

 Belgium ....................................................... 8.2 7.2 8.1 1.7 5.5 5.7 0.7 0.1 0.1  Finland ........................................................ 6.3 7.8 10.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9  France ........................................................ R 30.1 22.8 26.5 14.4 52.5 63.2 16.4 20.3 20.7  Germany ..................................................... R 84.1 R 87.5 77.4 10.4 24.5 22.4 7.9 8.7 4.3 R  Italy ............................................................. R 27.6 R 37.5 53.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 15.8 12.6 13.5 R  Netherlands ................................................ R 16.9 16.8 19.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 (s) (s) R  Norway ....................................................... 0.2 R 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.8 25.7 26.8  Spain .......................................................... R 13.9 R 19.9 26.4 1.1 7.5 7.5 13.5 11.6 12.7 R  Sweden ....................................................... 7.9 R 7.2 7.3 4.6 9.9 9.5 14.9 15.8 16.5  Switzerland ................................................. R 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.9 3.0 3.2 11.5 10.1 11.6 R  Turkey ......................................................... 3.0 9.2 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 6.6 11.7  United Kingdom .......................................... R 65.6 R 59.1 61.8 6.5 11.4 12.5 2.5 1.4 1.5 R  Other ........................................................... R 27.3 R 39.9 47.3 0.0 0.7 0.7 19.3 R 25.0 24.0 R 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 261.1 R 311.1 299.7 14.2 45.8 48.2 R 61.0 R 77.0 79.9 R 

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 11.5 — — 2.8 — — 1.0  Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 14.7 — — 0.0 — — 2.2  Poland ........................................................ R 23.0 R 26.1 28.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 R 0.6 R 0.6 0.9 R  Romania ..................................................... 12.7 17.3 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 5.6 6.1  Russia ......................................................... — — 139.6 — — 21.2 — — 44.7  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 35.3 — — 11.8 — — 4.7  Other ........................................................... R 225.5 R 267.7 54.6 14.2 45.8 11.6 56.9 70.7 20.3 R 

Middle East .................................................. 27.9 68.2 99.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 4.8 5.5 

 Iran ............................................................. 9.4 15.5 25.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.0 2.8  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 5.9 19.1 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 12.5 33.7 50.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.8 2.7 

Africa ........................................................... 30.5 57.4 79.8 0.0 1.8 1.8 13.9 18.5 20.6 

 Egypt .......................................................... 2.4 8.7 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.7 2.7  South Africa ................................................ 17.8 28.6 38.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.7  Other ........................................................... 10.3 20.1 26.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 15.2 17.2 

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R 218.9 R 365.5 722.7 18.5 43.9 70.3 74.4 109.3 178.3 R 

 Australia ...................................................... R 17.6 R 27.8 37.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 7.3 6.2 R  China .......................................................... 45.6 92.1 253.1 0.0 0.0 2.2 20.3 34.6 83.0  India ............................................................ 20.7 51.9 90.2 0.9 1.6 2.9 11.8 18.3 25.8  Indonesia .................................................... 3.9 9.6 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 4.4  Japan .......................................................... R 94.3 R 119.1 168.7 15.7 29.4 45.9 19.6 20.4 22.1 R  South Korea ................................................ 6.5 11.0 38.6 0.6 7.6 13.7 0.8 1.3 1.6  Taiwan ........................................................ 6.9 10.2 20.6 1.3 5.1 5.1 1.4 2.6 4.4  Thailand ...................................................... 2.6 6.0 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.3 2.9  Other ........................................................... R 20.9 37.8 72.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 12.1 19.6 27.9 R 

World ........................................................... R1,347.9 R 1,738.0 2,380.0 135.6 323.2 361.7 R 457.3 R593.3 724.7 R

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/inSources: United States: Table 8.11a All Other Data: 

"International Energy Annual 2002" (May 2004), Tables 6.4, 6.4H, 6
Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

By Region, 2002 By Major Producer, 1993-2002By Country, 2002328 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Lithuania, Mexico,

Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and South Africa.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 11.18.

880 882

297

501

North, Central, Western E. Europe Asia, Oceania,

0

250500750

1,000

Billion Kilowatthours

and South

America

Europe

1994 1996 1998 

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

and Former

U.S.S.R.

and Africa

Russia

France

Japan

United States

Germany

780

415

295

157 134 113

84 73 71 65 60 45 38 26 24 

United France Japan Germany Russia South United Ukraine Canada Sweden Spain Belgium Taiwan Switzer- Chin

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

States Korea Kingdom land
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1993-2002

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200

North America ............................................. 705.1 746.9 774.4 770.3 716.4 750.2 807.6 83

 Canada ....................................................... 90.1 102.4 93.0 88.1 77.9 67.7 69.8 6 Mexico ........................................................ 4.7 4.0 8.0 7.5 9.9 8.8 9.5  United States ............................................. 610.3 640.4 673.4 674.7 628.6 673.7 728.3 75

Central and South America ....................... 7.7 7.9 9.5 9.2 10.5 10.3 10.5 1

 Argentina .................................................... 7.3 7.8 7.1 6.9 7.5 7.1 6.7  Brazil ........................................................... 0.4 0.1 2.4 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.8 

Western Europe .......................................... 776.6 775.4 793.0 830.3 839.9 841.0 850.2 84

 Belgium ....................................................... 39.8 38.6 39.3 41.2 45.0 43.9 46.6 4 Finland ........................................................ 18.9 18.5 18.3 18.5 19.0 20.8 21.8 2 France ........................................................ 349.8 342.0 358.4 377.5 374.3 368.6 375.1 39 Germany ..................................................... 145.8 143.2 145.4 152.0 161.8 153.6 161.0 16 Netherlands ................................................ 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 2.3 3.6 3.6  Slovenia ...................................................... 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.5  Spain .......................................................... 53.3 52.5 52.7 53.5 52.5 56.0 55.9 5 Sweden ....................................................... 58.3 69.5 66.4 69.6 66.7 69.9 66.6 5 Switzerland ................................................. 22.2 23.1 23.7 23.9 24.0 24.5 23.7 2 United Kingdom .......................................... 81.0 80.0 80.6 85.8 89.3 95.1 91.5 8

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ...... 247.3 217.7 224.3 249.8 250.3 240.9 248.6 26

 Armenia ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 R2.1 1.4 1.4 2.1  Bulgaria ...................................................... 13.3 14.6 16.4 17.8 16.4 16.1 15.0 1 Czech Republic .......................................... 12.0 12.3 11.6 12.2 R12.5 12.5 12.7 1 Hungary ...................................................... 13.1 13.3 13.3 13.5 13.3 13.3 13.4 1 Kazakhstan ................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 R0.1 0.0  Lithuania ..................................................... 12.3 7.3 10.6 12.7 10.9 12.9 9.9  Romania .................................................... — — — 0.9 5.1 4.9 4.8  Russia ......................................................... 113.2 92.9 94.3 103.3 104.5 98.3 110.9 12 Slovakia ...................................................... 11.6 11.5 10.9 11.3 10.5 10.8 12.5 1 Ukraine ....................................................... 71.4 65.4 67.0 76.0 75.4 70.6 67.4 7

Africa ........................................................... 7.3 9.7 11.3 11.8 12.6 13.6 12.8 1

 South Africa ................................................ 7.3 9.7 11.3 11.8 12.6 13.6 12.8 1

Asia and Oceania ........................................ 333.8 363.6 393.6 415.0 436.4 460.8 461.2 46

 China .......................................................... 2.5 13.5 12.4 13.6 11.4 13.5 14.1 1 India ............................................................ 5.9 4.7 6.5 7.4 10.5 10.6 11.5 1 Japan .......................................................... 236.8 255.7 276.7 287.1 306.1 315.7 300.8 29 Pakistan ...................................................... 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1  South Korea ................................................ 55.2 55.7 63.7 70.2 73.2 85.2 97.9 10 Taiwan ........................................................ 33.0 33.5 33.9 36.3 34.8 35.4 36.9 3

World ........................................................... 2,077.7 2,121.3 2,206.0 2,286.5 2,266.1 2,316.9 2,391.0 2,43

— = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International Ene
Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Consumption

World, 1993-2002 World by Region, 2002Leading Countries, 2002330 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Oceania America Europe Europe

and Former

U.S.S.R.

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-f

ral gas venting and flaring. • Because vertical scales differ, 

Source: Table 11.19.

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

05

1015202530

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 24.53 billion metric tons in 2002 7.8 6.7 3.9 3.0 

Asia and North Western Eastern 

0369

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

5.7

3.3

1.5

1.2 1.0 0.8

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 

United States China Russia Japan India Germany Canada United South Korea Italy 

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

Kingdom
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1993-2002

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Region and Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200

North America ............................................. R5,947 R6,059 R6,102 R6,323 R6,427 R6,501 R6,563 R6,7

 Canada ....................................................... 478 494 494 R508 536 R541 R552 R5 Mexico ........................................................ 310 330 319 338 347 383 R356 R3 United States 2 ........................................... R5,158 R5,234 R5,289 R5,477 R5,543 R5,576 R5,654 R5,8 Other ........................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Central and South America ....................... R804 R828 R869 R901 R942 R968 R972 9

 Argentina .................................................... 122 119 122 129 129 R134 R138 1 Brazil ........................................................... 273 285 302 309 R321 321 R331 R3 Venezuela ................................................... 114 120 123 132 134 141 R132 1 Other ........................................................... R295 R304 R321 R330 R358 R372 R371 R3

Western Europe .......................................... R3,510 R3,490 R3,565 3,663 R3,691 R3,704 R3,632 R3,8

 Belgium ....................................................... 124 128 130 138 141 146 R139 R14 France ........................................................ 367 356 369 388 380 R404 R401 R4 Germany ..................................................... 883 867 875 879 877 863 R819 R84 Italy ............................................................. 403 395 434 431 414 R425 R422 R44 Netherlands ................................................ 220 220 223 228 236 228 R224 R24 Spain .......................................................... 229 236 R244 R233 R265 R271 R293 R3 Turkey ......................................................... 144 139 151 168 181 182 R178 R2 United Kingdom .......................................... 578 570 560 R584 R562 R548 R534 R5 Other ........................................................... 564 R579 R578 R614 R635 R637 R621 R64

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R3,721 R3,297 R3,161 R3,092 R2,949 R2,894 R2,985 R2,9

 Kazakhstan ................................................. R209 R155 R129 R140 117 113 R133 R1 Poland ........................................................ 338 320 304 287 335 311 R323 R2 Romania ..................................................... 124 117 123 125 120 R95 R93 R Russia ......................................................... R1,887 R1,699 R1,589 R1,569 R1,438 R1,451 R1,524 R1,5 Ukraine ....................................................... 531 442 447 400 375 367 R371 R3 Uzbekistan .................................................. 115 97 104 103 103 101 103 1 Other .......................................................... R516 R467 R465 R467 R462 R455 R439 R4

Middle East ................................................ R858 R894 R921 949 998 R1,024 R1,080 R1,1

 Iran ........................................................... R240 R250 260 261 288 R297 R322 3 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 240 246 255 266 263 257 R280 2 Other ...................................................... 377 398 406 422 447 R469 R478 R4

Africa .......................................................... 774 R807 R817 R834 R859 R850 864 R8

 Egypt .......................................................... 96 99 98 107 111 R115 114 1 South Africa ................................................ 317 344 344 349 380 362 R375 R3 Other .......................................................... 361 R364 R375 R378 R368 374 376 3

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R5,981 R6,361 R6,672 R6,814 R7,028 R6,883 R7,041 R7,3

 Australia ...................................................... 282 282 292 298 R328 R332 R352 R3 China .......................................................... 2,610 2,816 2,888 2,945 3,022 2,952 R2,913 R3,0 India ............................................................ R695 R734 R867 R830 R873 R898 R934 R9 Indonesia .................................................... R201 R209 213 235 R245 R239 R263 2 Japan .......................................................... R1,035 R1,102 R1,095 R1,128 R1,138 R1,096 R1,135 R1,1 Malaysia ..................................................... 83 89 89 101 101 102 106 1 South Korea ................................................ 334 364 401 410 432 369 R390 R4 Taiwan ........................................................ 156 R160 R181 R195 R207 R221 R216 R2 Thailand ...................................................... 115 128 156 169 R174 R160 R179 R1 Other .......................................................... R468 R477 R491 R503 R506 R513 R552 R5

World ......................................................... R21,596 R21,736 R22,107 R22,576 R22,893 R22,824 R23,137 R23,8

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44. For data in million metric tons carbon equivalent, see the "International Energy Annual 2002" (June2004), Table H.1. 

2 Data for the United States in this table differ from those in Table 12.1 due to: the inclusion of

emissions from bunker fuels consumption; the exclusion of emissions from geothermal power generation,cement production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion; and the exclusionof data for the U.S. Territories.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossi

venting and flaring. • See Note 2, "World Carbon Dioxide Emisequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International 

H.1co2.
International Energy

Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary energy productionincludes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plantliquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric

power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for theUnited States also include other renewable energy. Crude oil production is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gas plant liquids areproducts obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants,including natural gas plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Dry natural gasproduction is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to be marketedand consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite)production is the sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to miners, and issues tocoking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Coal production data

include quantities extracted from surface and underground mines and normallyexclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants. The data ongeneration of electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood,waste, geothermal, solar, and wind include data reported on a net basis, thus

excluding electricity that is generally used by the eloperating purposes or electricity losses in the transfo

gral parts of the station.Note 2. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions. In Tabide emissions include anthropogenic (human-caused) tion of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and also flaring. They do not include carbon dioxide emisgeneration, cement production and other industrial pwaste combustion. Fossil-fuel consumption and natur

country have been reduced to account for the fraction the case of petroleum, for the fraction of sequestradioxide emissions have been determined by applyinto the adjusted consumption and flaring data. Carpetroleum and natural gas consumption and natura

Information Administration (EIA), Documentation 

Gases in the United States 2002 (January 2004), Tabcients for coal consumption are from EIA, Emission

United States 1985-1990 (October 1993), Table 11.

332 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Environmental Indicator

12

“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and Jamand Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 1852. From the collection ers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

Emissions by Type of Gas, 2002 Emissions, Based on Global Warming PotentiaCarbon Dioxide1 Emissions, 1980-2002 Change 1990-2002 in Emissions Based on Glo334 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2 -0.2 percent.(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.= Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbo

 • Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for comglobal warming potential by type of gas. • Because vertical scompared. 

Source: Table 12.1.

PFCs

SF6

1990: 5.0

5.80

0.03 (s) –

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons of Gas5.80

0.61

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitro

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

2002: 5.8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons of Gas+16 -15

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-30-15

0

1530

Percent

Dioxide 

(2)

Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2002

Year

Greenhouse Gases

(million metric tons of gas)

Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warmi

(million metric tons carbon dioxide equ

Carbon

Dioxide 2,3 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide 2 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

1980 R4,775.4 17.4 0.9 — R4,775.4 400.0 R268.9 1981 R4,654.1 18.0 0.9 — R4,654.1 413.2 R273.1 1982 R4,406.7 17.7 0.9 — R4,406.7 408.1 R262.6 1983 R4,370.0 18.4 0.8 — R4,370.0 423.4 R248.9 1984 R4,615.3 18.9 0.9 — R4,615.3 433.7 R268.1 1985 R4,599.7 23.8 1.0 — R4,599.7 547.1 R301.5 1986 R4,608.0 23.9 1.0 — R4,608.0 548.7 R291.7 1987 R4,767.6 24.1 1.0 — R4,767.6 555.2 R287.5 1988 R4,983.7 24.5 0.9 — R4,983.7 563.5 R275.9 1989 R5,063.7 24.9 1.0 — R5,063.7 573.6 R289.3 1990 R5,006.1 R31.3 R1.1 — R5,006.1 R719.1 R333.8 1991 R4,959.0 R31.4 R1.1 — R4,959.0 R722.9 R339.3 1992 R5,072.6 R31.6 1.2 — R5,072.6 R725.7 R346.7 1993 R5,180.0 R30.6 1.2 — R5,180.0 R702.7 R347.6 1994 R5,262.5 R30.6 1.3 — R5,262.5 R703.1 R371.0 1995 R5,318.5 R30.5 R1.2 — R5,318.5 R701.8 R355.3 1996 R5,508.9 R29.4 1.2 — R5,508.9 R675.9 R352.3 1997 R5,572.5 R29.1 1.2 — R5,572.5 R668.2 R344.4 1998 R5,602.4 R28.2 1.2 — R5,602.4 R648.4 R342.6 1999 R5,686.1 R27.8 1.2 — R5,686.1 R639.7 R347.2 2000 R5,854.0 R27.8 1.2 — R5,854.0 R638.8 R341.2 2001 R5,748.3 R27.4 R1.1 — R5,748.3 R630.2 R336.8 2002P 5,795.6 26.6 1.1 — 5,795.6 612.8 333.1 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases were weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(gwp), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one. The use of updated estimates of gwp resulted in anumber of revisions to previously published data. It is also important to note that revisions in estimatedemissions result from revisions in energy consumption as well.

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

3 Carbon dioxide data in this table differ from those for the United States in Table 11.19 due to: the

exclusion of emissions from international bunker fuels consumption; the inclusion of emissions fromgeothermal power generation, cement production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid wastecombustion; and the inclusion of data for the U.S. Territories.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluoro

• Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenicactivities, including emissions from agricultural activity and dosources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently the latest findings of the international scientific community. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration 

the United States, annual reports and unpublished revisionsGreenhouse Gases in the United States 2002 (October 2003), T
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

Total, 1980-2002 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy End-Use Sector, 1980-2002 By End-Use Sector, 2002336 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

2002: 5.7 Billion

Metric Tons

1990: 5.0 Billion

Metric Tons

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Based on chained (2000) dollars. 3 Electric power sector emissions are distributed across the 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.5 and 12.2.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

3456

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

Inflatio

Gross Dom

1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100125150

Index 1990=100

1.8

1.7

Transportation3 Industrial3 Res

0.00.51.01.52.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1Industrial3 Transportation3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Residential3 Commercial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2002

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 

1980 R385.1 R908.9 R244.5 652.5 R1,192.5 R1,787.4 1,383.9 1,386.2 1981 R360.7 R877.7 225.8 R652.2 R1,123.0 R1,714.0 1,369.4 R1,371.7 1982 R359.0 R872.1 R226.0 R654.1 R983.0 R1,506.7 1,338.3 1,340.5 1983 R340.2 R866.3 225.7 660.5 R923.0 R1,466.4 R1,343.0 1,345.3 1984 R348.7 R885.7 R236.2 693.6 R1,035.8 R1,612.3 R1,387.1 1,389.6 1985 R351.3 R899.6 217.9 694.0 R989.8 R1,567.4 1,406.3 R1,408.9 1986 R342.4 R895.1 R216.1 698.8 R963.0 R1,523.2 R1,460.2 1,462.9 1987 R345.7 R921.8 R219.9 724.6 R1,004.1 R1,585.4 1,504.4 1,506.9 1988 R366.6 R969.5 R230.1 760.0 R1,053.9 R1,659.1 1,564.1 1,566.8 1989 R371.5 R989.6 229.9 R784.0 R1,045.2 R1,677.0 R1,581.5 1,584.3 1990 R339.1 R950.8 R224.1 R779.5 R1,063.1 R1,688.8 R1,566.8 R1,569.5 1991 R346.7 R966.7 R225.5 R781.0 R1,029.8 R1,643.9 R1,546.8 R1,549.4 1992 R356.7 R967.7 R225.8 R781.1 R1,088.7 R1,723.5 R1,567.9 R1,570.5 1993 R371.7 R1,026.7 R223.1 R806.2 R1,062.1 R1,705.1 R1,588.1 R1,590.6 1994 R363.9 R1,020.0 R225.6 R819.6 R1,078.0 R1,733.5 R1,628.4 R1,631.7 1995 R360.3 R1,025.7 R228.4 R836.7 R1,085.9 R1,732.0 R1,658.3 R1,661.4 1996 R388.4 R1,085.3 R236.9 R867.9 R1,122.2 R1,785.2 R1,702.1 R1,705.3 1997 R370.1 R1,076.6 237.1 R911.2 R1,122.6 R1,800.4 R1,719.5 R1,722.7 1998 R338.1 R1,096.2 R219.6 R922.4 R1,090.6 R1,776.0 R1,754.6 R1,757.9 1999 R358.6 R1,123.9 R222.2 R933.5 R1,085.1 R1,767.0 R1,802.7 R1,806.0 2000 R378.5 R1,169.4 R237.0 R1,005.9 R1,068.3 R1,774.1 R1,845.7 R1,849.2 2001 R366.2 R1,160.8 R227.1 R1,018.3 R1,048.2 R1,685.3 R1,823.6 R1,827.3 2002P 372.3 1,193.0 231.1 1,012.9 1,030.5 1,673.7 1,846.3 1,849.7 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

5 Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. The electric power sector also has a

small amount of emissions from geothermal power generation and the combustion of the plasticscomponent of municipal solid waste.

6 In addition to "Primary" emissions, also includes emissions from energy consumption (for electricity

and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the electric power sector, which are allocated to theend-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. (Electricity retail sales to

"Other," which are primarily for use in government buildings and 

to the commercial sector, except for approximately 5 percent usto the transportation sector.) 7 The sum of "Primary" emissions in the five energy-use secthe four end-use sectors.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into 

• Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration 

the United States, annual reports and unpublished revisionGreenhouse Gases in the United States 2002 (October 2003), T
Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Sou

By End-Use Sector Total by Fuel By Petroleum ProductBy End-Use Sector and Source338 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

23

122

92

12

24

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG 

Lubricants

0 3

Million M

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Emissions in the electric power sector are distributed across the end-use sectors.3 Coal coke net imports, municipal solid waste, and geothermal.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.5 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, petroleum coke, and other p6 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are re

(s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.Source: Table 12.3.

dential2

2,453

1,203

2,064

9

Petro- Natural Coal Other3

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 1,193 1,013 1,674 1,850

Resi- Com- Indus- Trans0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

4

mercial2 trial2 portation2 leum Gas

821 782

643

1 9 

179

267

169

433

104 53

413

1,811

Residential2 Commercial2 Industrial2 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Electric Power Sector Generation

Other

5
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Energy Source

End-Use Sectors 

Residential Commercial 

2 Industrial 3 Transportation Total

 Petroleum .................................................. 104.0 52.6 412.8 1,811.2 2,380.5  Aviation Gasoline .................................... — — — 2.3 2.3  Distillate Fuel Oil ..................................... 65.1 36.4 92.7 379.0 573.2  Jet Fuel ................................................... — — — 234.4 234.4  Kerosene ................................................ 4.1 1.3 1.0 — 6.4  Liquefied Petroleum Gases .................... 34.9 6.2 50.4 0.8 92.2  Lubricants ............................................... — — 6.3 6.0 12.3  Motor Gasoline ....................................... — 2.7 21.3 1,138.7 1,162.7  Petroleum Coke ...................................... — — 101.2 — 101.2  Residual Fuel Oil .................................... — 6.0 15.1 49.9 71.0  Other ....................................................... — — 124.7 — 124.7  Natural Gas ............................................... 267.2 169.4 432.7 35.2 904.4  Coal ........................................................... 1.1 9.2 179.4 5 ( ) 189.7  Coal Coke Net Imports .............................. — — 5.8 — 5.8  Municipal Solid Waste 6 ............................. — — — — —  Geothermal ................................................ — — — — — 

Primary ........................................................ 372.3 231.1 1,030.5 1,846.3 3,480.3 

 Electric Power Sector Generation 7 ........... 820.7 781.8 643.1 3.4 2,249.0 

Total ............................................................. 1,193.0 1,012.9 1,673.7 1,849.7 5,729.3 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

5 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. 6 The plastics component of municipal solid waste. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total

electricity retail sales. (Electricity retail sales to "Other," which a

and for street and highway lighting, are added to the commerciaused by railroads and railways and attributed to the transportatio

— = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Notes: • Data are preliminary estimates. • Emissions from 

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels asource—i.e., petroleum, natural gas, or coal. • See Note Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not eqrounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions 

2002 (October 2003), Tables 6-10, and unpublished revisions.
Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the 

Sector, 1998

Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Top Industry Groups Carbon Dioxide EmisCarbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Primary Consumption, Top Industry Groups340 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.

3 Including allocated electricity losses.

Source: Table 12.4.

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

Emissions per Quadrillion Btu3

(24.7%)

(17.8%)

(13.1%

327.6 322.5

256.8

119.3

86.5 84.6

53.9 48.7

Chemicals Petroleum Primary Paper Food Nonmetallic Transpor- Fabricated

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 

Co

198.6

Petroleum

268.6

Natural Gas

374.2

and Coal

Products

Metals Mineral

Products

tation

Equipment

Metal

Products

Total E

1,513.2 million met

70.5 67.9 65.1 63.2 62.8 62.7 62.4 62.1 61.6 61.3 61.2 61.0 

Primary Nonmetallic Beverage Computer Textile Plastics Textile Mills Printing Machinery Trans- Fabricated Apparel 

0

20406080

All Manufacturing Industries: 50.7

and Electronic

Products

and Rubber

Products

and Related

Support

portation

Equipment

and Tobacco

Products

Metals Product

Mills

Metal

Products

Mineral

Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manu

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide,1 Except as Noted)

NAICS 2

Code Major Group 

Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity 3 Other 4 Total 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 12.2 30.0 2.8 41.4 0.1 86.5  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 2.7 2.4 0.4 4.7 0.0 10.2  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 1.9 5.4 1.4 19.8 (s) 28.6  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 0.3 1.3 Q 3.5 0.0 5.3  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0.1 1.2 0.3 3.5 0.0 5.1  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 0.2 3.9 1.2 14.0 0.2 19.4  322 Paper ................................................................................ 25.8 30.9 15.2 46.7 0.7 119.3  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0.0 2.3 0.1 9.9 0.1 12.4  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 0.0 53.2 175.0 24.5 69.8 322.5  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 28.7 125.2 56.6 112.2 4.9 327.6  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 0.3 6.7 0.8 35.6 0.0 43.3  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 27.7 23.4 6.7 26.1 0.7 84.6  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 94.6 49.3 3.3 106.0 3.6 256.8  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0.6 12.7 1.0 34.2 0.1 48.7  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 0.6 5.2 0.4 18.7 0.2 25.1  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0.0 3.4 0.2 26.6 0.0 30.2  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 0.1 2.8 0.4 10.7 0.9 14.9  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 2.8 11.2 1.8 37.9 0.2 53.9  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 0.2 1.4 0.1 5.8 0.1 7.7  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0.0 2.1 0.3 7.8 0.0 10.2  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 198.6 374.2 268.6 590.4 81.4 1,513.2 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system has been replaced by the North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS).

3 Carbon dioxide emitted from energy inputs used to produce electricity (including associated losses),

derived by calculating the manufacturing subsector share of the electric power sector’s total carbon dioxideemissions based upon the weighted share of electricity retail sales to (receipts by) the manufacturingsubsector. Estimates presented here are based upon the electric power sector and differ from priorestimates that were based upon data for electric utilities only.

4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

5 Data are in million metric tons of carbon dioxide per quadrillion Btu of energy (including allocated

electricity losses).

6 Data are in metric tons of carbon dioxide per million (nomin

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Q=Data withheld beca

than 50 percent.

Notes: • For prior surveys and the current Manufacturing E

available classified under the 1987 Standard Industrial Classificestimates are for the first use of energy for heat and power and use is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originafrom input materials not classified as energy. • Electricity welectricity using Table A6 of this report. • See Table 2.2 for maequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1998, anUnited States 2002 (October 2003).
Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2002 By Source, 2002Energy Sources by Type 1980-2002 Agricultural Sources by Type, 1980-2002342 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats,

and camels. 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.5.

Sources Sources Mana

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane 31.3 in 1990

11.0

8.0 

Energy Agricultural W

0369

12

Million Metric Tons of Methane 26.7 in 2002

Stationary Combustion

Animal Waste

Rice Cultivation

Natural Gas Systems

Coal Mining

Mobile Combustion

Enteric Fermentation1

Petroleum Systems

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane

1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2002

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment Total

Enteric

Fermentation 5 Animal Waste Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 3.05 4.30 NA 0.28 0.81 8.44 9.85 R0.53 R10.38 5.47 3.03 0.48 0.04 1981 2.80 4.91 NA 0.27 0.82 8.80 10.07 R0.53 R10.60 5.56 2.88 0.54 R0.05 1982 3.23 4.94 NA 0.27 0.88 9.31 10.21 R0.54 R10.75 5.50 2.78 0.47 R0.05 1983 3.02 4.90 NA 0.27 0.86 9.05 10.41 R0.54 R10.95 5.46 2.84 0.31 0.03 1984 3.60 5.00 NA R0.27 0.86 9.73 10.55 R0.55 R11.10 5.33 2.76 0.40 0.04 1985 3.88 5.05 NA 0.26 0.84 10.03 10.67 R0.55 R11.22 5.27 2.76 0.36 R0.05 1986 3.73 4.93 NA 0.26 0.82 9.74 10.69 R0.56 R11.25 5.13 2.70 0.34 0.04 1987 4.01 5.03 NA 0.25 0.80 10.09 10.92 R0.56 R11.49 5.08 2.74 0.33 0.04 1988 3.93 5.18 NA 0.25 0.83 10.19 10.98 R0.57 R11.55 5.10 2.76 0.41 0.03 1989 3.96 5.34 NA 0.25 0.86 10.41 11.08 R0.57 R11.65 5.08 2.66 0.38 0.04 1990 R4.25 5.60 1.30 0.25 0.56 R11.96 R11.01 R0.58 R11.59 R5.22 R1.93 0.40 R0.05 1991 R4.10 5.83 1.31 R0.24 0.59 R12.06 R10.86 R0.58 R11.44 R5.19 R2.19 0.40 0.04 1992 R4.05 5.89 1.27 0.24 0.62 R12.07 R10.77 R0.59 R11.36 R5.29 R2.21 0.45 R0.05 1993 R3.44 5.88 1.21 0.24 0.54 R11.30 R10.58 R0.60 R11.18 R5.24 R2.26 0.41 0.04 1994 R3.51 5.89 1.18 0.24 0.53 R11.35 R10.27 R0.60 R10.88 R5.34 R2.34 0.48 0.05 1995 R3.66 5.98 1.17 0.25 0.58 R11.64 R9.87 R0.61 R10.48 R5.42 R2.35 0.44 0.04 1996 R3.19 6.00 1.15 0.24 0.58 R11.16 R9.37 R0.61 R9.98 R5.31 R2.34 0.41 R0.05 1997 R3.50 6.01 1.14 0.24 0.44 R11.33 R8.80 R0.62 R9.42 R5.19 R2.48 0.45 R0.05 1998 R3.28 6.02 1.11 0.24 0.39 R11.04 R8.25 R0.63 R8.88 R5.11 R2.51 0.47 R0.05 1999 3.12 6.19 R1.05 0.26 0.42 11.02 R7.91 R0.63 R8.54 R5.11 R2.46 0.50 R0.05 2000 2.98 R6.41 1.03 0.25 0.44 R11.10 R7.87 R0.65 R8.53 R5.06 R2.46 0.45 0.05 2001 R2.96 R6.38 1.03 R0.24 0.41 R11.03 R7.58 R0.66 R8.24 R5.00 R2.49 R0.47 R0.05 2002P 2.86 6.47 1.02 0.24 0.36 10.95 6.94 0.67 7.61 5.00 2.47 0.46 0.05 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and

camels.

6 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from

natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not incl

may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic matpaddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimatiofrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the lacommunity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration 

the United States, annual reports and unpublished revisionGreenhouse Gases in the United States 2002 (October 2003), T
Figure 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980- 2002 By Source, 2002Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2002 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2002344 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm

and construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

Notes: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.6.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide791 263 

Agricultural Energy Indu

0

300600900

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide 1.1 in 1990 1.1 in 2002

Stationary Combustion2

Sources 

Sources Proc

Mobile Combustion1

Solid Waste of Do

Nitrogen Fert

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2002

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tot

1980 60 43 102 (s) 13 13 499 1 264 71981 63 42 105 (s) 13 13 515 2 266 71982 67 40 107 (s) 13 13 486 2 265 71983 71 41 112 (s) 14 14 441 1 264 71984 86 43 130 (s) 14 14 500 2 259 71985 98 43 141 (s) 15 15 619 2 251 81986 107 43 150 (s) 15 15 597 2 242 841987 120 44 164 1 15 16 582 1 237 81988 138 46 183 1 15 16 539 1 234 71989 146 46 192 1 15 16 586 2 228 81990 156 45 200 1 16 17 604 2 209 81991 165 44 209 1 16 17 609 2 211 81992 175 45 220 1 16 17 624 2 214 81993 180 46 226 1 16 17 613 1 216 81994 190 46 237 1 17 18 667 2 220 81995 200 47 247 1 17 18 601 2 222 81996 198 49 247 1 17 18 587 2 220 81997 201 49 250 1 17 18 604 2 216 81998 203 48 251 1 18 18 616 2 213 81999 221 49 270 1 18 19 613 2 211 82000 214 50 264 1 19 20 601 2 209 82001 215 49 263 1 19 20 598 2 208 82002P 214 49 263 1 19 20 583 2 207 7

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Under certain conditions, methane

may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic mat

paddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimatiofrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the lacommunity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration 

the United States, annual reports. • 1990 forward—EIA, EmisStates 2002 (October 2003), Table 23. 
Figure 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit

Emissions by Sector

346 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

PetroleumFired

 11.0

 0.7

 (s)

 0.1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Million Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide, 2000

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics component of municipal solid waste is included). For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: wood, black liquor, and

other wood waste; municipal solid waste, sludge waste, tire-derived fuels, agricultural byproducts, other solids, other liquids, other gases, and all other. 

2 Carbon dioxide gas can be converted to units of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

3 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.7.

 1,856

 105

 322

 3

Coal Fired

Gas Fired

Other1

0 700 1,400 2,100

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2

Carbon Dioxide, 2001

 0.2

 0.7

 0.1

012

Million Short T

Nitrogen Oxides, 200

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

06

12

18

Million Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide, 1989-2000

1990 1992 

0369

12

Million Short Tons of Nitrogen Oxides

Nitrogen Oxides, 198

Total3

Total3

Electric Power Sector

Industrial Sector

Electric Power S

Industrial Sector

Total3

Electric Power

Sector

Industrial 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2

Carbon Dioxide, 1989-2001
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation, 1989-2001

Year

Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Natural Gas 3

and Other Gases 4 MSW 5 Total Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Natural Gas 3

and Other Gases 4 Other 6 Total Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 7 Thousand Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide Thousand S

Electric Power Sector 8

1989 1,505.6 129.6 164.5 1.1 1,800.8 15,211 846 2 7 16,066 6,788 217 1990 1,517.0 98.4 171.1 1.5 1,788.0 15,080 678 1 10 15,769 6,640 167 1991 1,516.6 92.1 174.4 1.9 1,785.0 14,935 680 2 12 15,629 6,609 157 1992 1,535.6 76.5 180.6 2.2 1,794.9 14,695 615 1 9 15,320 6,526 123 1993 1,603.1 87.3 181.6 2.2 1,874.2 14,426 809 1 10 15,246 6,724 139 1994 1,609.6 81.9 204.1 2.4 1,898.0 13,925 735 1 9 14,670 6,512 124 1995 1,629.2 58.1 221.8 2.5 1,911.6 11,598 560 7 8 12,173 5,525 131 1996 1,718.5 63.2 197.9 2.4 1,982.0 12,238 597 2 8 12,845 5,763 130 1997 1,763.8 72.0 211.1 2.6 2,049.5 12,630 649 1 9 13,289 5,775 140 1998 1,792.6 102.2 240.1 2.5 2,137.4 12,452 922 1 10 13,385 5,541 219 1999 1,799.8 94.9 251.2 2.5 2,148.4 11,805 826 16 8 12,655 5,048 198 2000 1,891.4 89.1 271.5 2.4 2,254.4 10,736 689 2 6 11,433 4,707 169 2001P 1,833.4 99.6 279.1 2.7 2,214.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 21.2 4.1 29.4 (s) 54.7 271 64 (s) 12 347 96 8 1990 21.6 6.7 34.7 0.1 63.1 285 145 (s) 73 503 96 13 1991 21.2 6.2 35.9 (s) 63.3 274 105 (s) 75 454 89 11 1992 22.9 7.1 37.7 (s) 67.7 296 90 (s) 84 470 94 12 1993 23.8 6.3 37.6 (s) 67.7 309 45 (s) 86 440 96 11 1994 24.2 6.1 38.7 (s) 69.0 299 52 (s) 86 437 96 12 1995 24.1 5.6 39.9 (s) 69.6 297 65 (s) 85 447 95 11 1996 24.3 6.1 42.2 (s) 72.6 301 105 (s) 92 498 95 11 1997 24.2 5.2 40.3 (s) 69.7 274 89 (s) 85 448 94 10 1998 22.8 5.5 40.5 (s) 68.8 252 90 (s) 72 414 87 11 1999 22.5 5.7 42.0 (s) 70.2 185 71 (s) 68 324 89 13 2000 22.8 5.1 41.7 (s) 69.6 198 54 (s) 66 318 88 9 2001P 21.3 5.2 40.7 (s) 67.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Total (All Sectors) 10

1989 1,527.7 134.3 194.9 1.3 1,858.1 15,499 914 2 20 16,434 6,888 226 1990 1,539.4 105.5 207.3 1.7 1,854.0 15,381 825 2 83 16,291 6,740 180 1991 1,538.6 98.6 211.9 2.0 1,851.1 15,223 786 2 87 16,098 6,702 168 1992 1,559.3 83.8 220.2 2.4 1,865.7 15,004 705 1 94 15,804 6,623 136 1993 1,627.7 93.9 221.3 2.4 1,945.3 14,751 855 2 96 15,703 6,824 150 1994 1,634.6 88.3 245.1 2.6 1,970.6 14,240 788 2 95 15,124 6,612 136 1995 1,654.4 64.0 264.0 2.7 1,985.2 11,915 627 7 93 12,642 5,625 142 1996 1,744.1 69.6 242.4 2.8 2,059.0 12,559 703 2 101 13,366 5,864 142 1997 1,789.2 77.5 253.6 2.9 2,123.3 12,925 740 2 95 13,761 5,875 151 1998 1,816.3 108.1 282.8 2.8 2,210.0 12,719 1,014 2 82 13,817 5,632 231 1999 1,823.4 101.0 295.4 2.8 2,222.5 12,006 898 16 76 12,997 5,142 212 2000 1,915.4 94.6 315.2 2.6 2,327.9 10,952 744 3 72 11,770 4,799 178 2001P 1,855.9 105.2 321.8 2.9 2,285.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 

Carbon dioxide data for "Other Gases" are not included in the data in Tables 12.1-12.3.

5 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics component of municipal solid waste is included). 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste; municipal solid waste, sludge waste, tire-derived fuels,

agricultural byproducts, other solids, other liquids, other gases, and all other. 7 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44. 8 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American IndustryClassification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to thepublic. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

10 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and 

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumpt

emissions from energy consumption for useful thermal outputAnnual Energy Review 2002, Table 12.7, "Emissions From EnThermal Output at Electricity-Only and Combined-Heat-and-Pexcluded the emissions from energy consumption for useful thePower Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: Carbon Dioxide: Data as of July 2, 2003, from En

EIA-906, "Power Plant Report" and predecessor forms. Sulfur July 2, 2003, from EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant adjusted by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Continuous 
Figure 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental 

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2002Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2002 Coal-Fired Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum- and Natura

1985-2002 by Equipment Type, 19

348 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Coal-Fired Units Petroleum- and Gas

Particulate Collectors1

329

155

98

30

46

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Scrubbers Particulate Collectors Cooling Tow

0

50

100150200250300350

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Particulate Collectors1

Cooling T

Scrubbers1

Particu

Scrubbers1

Cooling Towers1

Cooling Towers1

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.1 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and non-utility generating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater.

Notes: • Components are not additive because some gen

one category. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs shoul

Source: Table 12.8.

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 

0

1020304050

Thousand Megawatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1

 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas Total

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Sc

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,486 1986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,650 1987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,786 1988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,800 1989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,087 1990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,557 1991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,632 1992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,030 1993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 0 58,580 350,808 164,807 1994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 0 57,123 351,180 165,452 1995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 0 54,942 351,198 165,295 1996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 0 55,275 352,154 166,749 1997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 0 56,485 352,068 166,886 1998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 0 55,764 351,790 166,896 1999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 0 55,812 353,480 175,520 2000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 0 57,697 352,727 175,520 2001 R329,187 R154,747 R97,804 R329,187 R31,575 R34,649 R184 R61,634 R360,762 R189,396 R2002P 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,747 310 71,709 359,338 200,497 

1 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,

with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectricSources: • 1985-1990—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form E

Operation and Design Report." • 1991 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 5.2, and EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Rep

Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content ratesare applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review and are commonly

used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates aretypically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the tworates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize water that is createdduring the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from 2 percent to10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content. Some fuels,such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross andnet heat content rates. More information about British thermal units (Btu) can befound in the Glossary.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documen2Fuel ethanol, which is derived from agricultural feedstocks 

uct but is blended into motor gasoline. Its gross heat content (3Annual Energy Review calculations; its net heat content (3.192 Energy Information Administration’s Renewable Energy Annu Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.g

1See Table A3 for motor gasoline annual weighted averages 

Miscellaneous .............................

Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Fuel Ethanol 

2 ...........................

Reformulated 

1 ...........................

Oxygenated 

1 ............................

Conventional 

1 ...........................

Motor GasolineLubricants ................................

Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil ...........................Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Appendix A

Thermal Conversion Factors
352 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 194

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Exports

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil

Petroleum

Products 

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 5.651 1950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 5.751 1955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 5.765 1960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 5.835 1965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 5.742 1970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 5.811 1971 5.800 4.117 5.824 6.062 5.961 5.800 5.775 1972 5.800 4.070 5.809 6.045 5.935 5.800 5.741 1973 5.800 4.049 5.817 5.983 5.897 5.800 5.752 1974 5.800 4.011 5.827 5.959 5.884 5.800 5.773 1975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 5.747 1976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 5.743 1977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 5.796 1978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 5.814 1979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 5.864 1980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 5.841 1981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 5.837 1982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 5.829 1983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 5.800 1984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 5.867 1985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 5.819 1986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 5.839 1987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 5.860 1988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 5.842 1989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 5.869 1990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 5.838 1991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 5.827 1992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 5.774 1993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 5.777 1994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 5.777 1995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 5.740 1996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 5.728 1997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 5.726 1998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 5.710 1999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 5.684 2000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 5.651 2001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 5.751 2002 5.800 R3.729 R5.971 R5.451 R5.863 5.800 R5.687 2003P 5.800 3.739 5.971 5.445 5.859 5.800 5.745 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/eSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which fo
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation 2 Total

1949 5.493 5.858 5.946 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 1950 5.482 5.865 5.940 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 1955 5.480 5.832 5.867 5.408 6.254 5.591 4.011 1960 5.430 5.849 5.800 5.388 6.267 5.555 4.011 1965 5.380 5.837 5.728 5.387 6.267 5.532 4.011 1970 5.216 5.773 5.603 5.393 6.252 5.503 33.779 1971 5.212 5.758 5.598 5.389 6.245 5.504 3.772 1972 5.193 5.733 5.563 5.388 6.233 5.500 3.760 1973 5.205 5.749 5.569 5.395 6.245 5.515 3.746 1974 5.196 5.740 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 3.730 1975 5.192 5.704 5.527 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 1976 5.215 5.726 5.536 5.395 6.251 5.504 3.711 1977 5.213 5.733 5.554 5.400 6.249 5.518 3.677 1978 5.213 5.716 5.554 5.404 6.251 5.519 3.669 1979 5.298 5.769 5.419 5.428 6.258 5.494 3.680 1980 5.245 5.803 5.374 5.440 6.254 5.479 3.674 1981 5.191 5.751 5.312 5.432 6.258 5.448 3.643 1982 5.167 5.751 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 3.615 1983 5.022 5.642 5.275 5.415 6.255 5.406 3.614 1984 5.184 5.705 5.223 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 1985 5.153 5.661 5.215 5.422 6.247 5.387 3.603 1986 5.169 5.694 5.283 5.425 6.257 5.418 3.640 1987 5.144 5.661 5.248 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 1988 5.165 5.661 5.241 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 1989 5.105 5.621 5.234 5.437 26.240 5.410 3.683 1990 5.027 5.621 5.270 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 1991 4.968 5.599 5.186 5.440 6.246 5.384 3.614 1992 5.004 5.589 5.185 5.442 6.238 5.378 3.624 1993 4.975 5.580 5.196 5.436 6.230 5.379 3.606 1994 4.983 5.592 5.166 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 1995 4.940 5.554 5.137 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 1996 4.869 5.498 5.133 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 1997 4.859 5.459 5.138 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 1998 4.837 5.446 5.155 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 1999 4.761 5.369 5.113 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 2000 4.761 5.394 5.082 5.421 6.189 5.326 3.607 2001 4.796 5.403 5.164 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 2002 RE4.739 RE5.382 RE5.131 RE5.407 R6.173 R5.324 R3.613 2003 E4.798 E5.409 E5.171 E5.405 P6.181 P5.341 P3.629 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single

constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted average of liquefied petroleum gases’ majorcomponents.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 199

constant factor is replaced by a factor that is a quantity-weighted avcomponents. See Table A1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Weighted averages of the products included in each category are 

values shown in Table A1.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
354 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Electric Power Sector Imports 

2 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1971 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1972 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1973 1,093 1,021 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1974 1,097 1,024 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 11,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 R1,030 R1,031 R1,026 R1,030 1,023 2002 R1,107 R1,028 R1,030 1,020 R1,028 R1,022 2003E 1,106 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,023 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that

cannot be identified separately.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric

utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production

Consumption

Imports Expor

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sector 2,3 Total

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other 1

1949 24.916 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 26.751950 25.090 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 26.781955 25.201 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 26.901960 24.906 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 26.931965 24.775 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 26.971970 23.842 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 26.981971 23.507 23.090 26.784 22.670 22.301 23.124 25.000 26.981972 23.389 22.998 26.782 22.550 22.204 23.036 25.000 26.971973 23.376 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 26.591974 23.072 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 26.701975 22.897 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.561976 22.855 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 26.601977 22.597 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 26.541978 22.248 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 26.471979 22.454 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 26.541980 22.415 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.381981 22.308 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.161982 22.239 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.221983 22.052 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.291984 22.010 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.401985 21.870 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.301986 21.913 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.291987 21.922 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.291988 21.823 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.291989 21.765 23.650 26.800 22.347 220.898 21.307 25.000 26.161990 21.822 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.201991 21.681 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.181992 21.682 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.161993 21.418 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.331994 21.394 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.321995 21.326 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.181996 21.322 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.171997 21.296 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.251998 21.418 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.801999 21.070 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.082000 21.072 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.112001 R20.865 R24.909 27.426 23.209 R20.337 R20.707 25.000 25.992002 R20.742 R22.962 27.426 R23.793 R20.238 R20.612 25.000 26.062003P 20.861 24.916 27.425 23.941 20.381 20.754 25.000 25.97

1 Includes transportation. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

3 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, s

coal, and synthetic coal.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doeSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
356 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2003

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Electricity Net Generation

Electricity 

Fossil-Fueled Plants 1,2 Nuclear Plants 3 Geothermal Energy Plants 4 

1949 15,033 — — 1950 14,030 — — 1955 11,699 — — 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1971 10,478 10,837 21,655 1972 10,379 10,792 21,668 1973 10,389 10,903 21,674 1974 10,442 11,161 21,674 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 10,622 21,263 1986 10,446 10,579 21,263 1987 10,419 10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 10,602 21,096 1989 10,432 10,583 21,096 1990 10,402 10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 10,484 20,997 1992 10,342 10,471 20,914 1993 10,309 10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 10,452 20,914 1995 10,312 10,507 20,914 1996 10,340 10,503 20,960 1997 10,213 10,494 20,960 1998 10,197 10,491 21,017 1999 10,226 10,450 21,017 2000 10,201 10,429 21,017 2001 10,146 R10,448 21,017 2002 P10,119 R10,439 21,017 2003 P10,107 P10,439 P21,017 

1 Through 2000, used as the thermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at

electric utilities. For all years, used as the thermal conversion factor for hydroelectric, solar, and windelectricity net generation.

2 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. For 2001 and

2002, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities and independent powerproducers. For 2003, the heat rate is for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and independent powerproducers.

3 Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generatio4 Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net gener5 Used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and elect

R=Revised data. P=Preliminary data. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/eSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which f
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 andconverting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internalmemorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of VariousFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Fuel Ethanol (Blended Into Motor Gasoline). Esion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel publishFuture Fuels,” a paper presented by William JCompany at the National Conference on ReformulImplementation, Washington, D.C., October 1991.Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Burefactor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Futhe Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in thin American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 rstatistics.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Burefactor of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet FuTexas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the reAmerican Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 re

statistics.Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating VaJanuary 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 19Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gweighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propabutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967-1980, quantities consum

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Reports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities

consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu perbarrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949-1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release

of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculated nationalannual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Blended Into Motor Gasoline).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu

per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing

30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refenal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Cal

average of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-860, “AnnuForm EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; and predecessPetroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Systhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calc

average of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Syshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum prportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Daat http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities imported.

358 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data

provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btuper barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products

Exports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 millionBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and firstpublished it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate)

and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.

Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrelas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Content 

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sec

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumthe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIAReport”; Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; anNatural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. dividing the heat content of natural gas con(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportData are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report oSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949-1962: sion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 19the thermal conversion factor calculated annually (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annu

Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the toconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949-1972: Assumed bconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by Enatural gas exported by the quantity exported. FoFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Export1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Gas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949-1972: Assumed bconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by Enatural gas imported by the quantity imported. FoFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Export1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Gas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA sion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See NatuNatural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated heat content of dry natural gas produced (see Naliquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids of marketed natural gas produced.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report”;Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIAby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors. Calculated annually by

EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are from Form EIA-6,“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data are for commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric GeneratorReport”; and Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heatcontent of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steamcoal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545.”Coal Imports. • 1949-1963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of coal imported by the quantity imported. • 1963 forward: Assumed byEIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coalsupply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,stock change, and consumption).

Approximate Heat Rates fo

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. practice for measuring the thermal conversion rates electricity from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or solar tfore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the rate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the United is possible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for rperiods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat cotricity produced, regardless of the generation procesThe weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fuelin the United States, as published by EIA in ThermCost and Annual Production Expenses—1981 and S

tion Cost and Annual Production Expenses—1978. annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-elecStates, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost an1991, Table 9. • 1989 forward: Calculated annually reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generforms); and the generation on Form EIA-906, “Power Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energy lated annually by EIA by weighting the annual avgeothermal units by the installed nameplate capacitie“Power System Statement.” • 1982 forward: Estimbasis of an informal survey of relevant plants.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. • 1957dividing the total heat content consumed in nuclea(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating unitsity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, “AnUtilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “AnUtilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the faHistorical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expens1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors w

Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rat“Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecessreported on Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

360 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other Energy Information

Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that historicallyhave been used in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubicfeet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerce involves other nations,most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S. Government is committed tothe transition to the metric system, as stated in the Metric Conversion Act of 1975(Public Law 94–168), amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of1988 (Public Law 100–418), and Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For example,500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x 0.9071847metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).

In the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectivcenti, and milli, meaning, respectively, oneone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be foThe conversion factors presented in Table B3 can bin various physical units commonly used in energbarrels are the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 bagallons).

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2003 

Appendix B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors
362 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2003

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append.html.

 Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2003 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Appendix C

U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale.

Source: Adapted from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 

Statistical Abstract of the United States 2003 (Washington, DC, December 2003).

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States 1 World

Billion

Nominal Dollars

Billion

Chained (2000) Dollars

Million People 

1949 148.7 NA R267.3 R1,634.6 1950 151.3 2,555.4 R293.8 R1,777.3 1955 165.1 2,780.0 R414.8 R2,212.8 1960 179.3 3,039.7 R526.4 R2,501.8 1965 193.5 3,346.2 R719.1 R3,191.1 1970 203.3 3,708.1 R1,038.5 R3,771.9 1971 206.8 3,785.7 R1,127.1 R3,898.6 1972 209.3 R3,862.3 R1,238.3 R4,105.0 1973 211.4 R3,938.5 R1,382.7 R4,341.5 1974 213.3 R4,014.1 R1,500.0 R4,319.6 1975 215.5 R4,087.3 R1,638.3 R4,311.2 1976 217.6 R4,159.1 R1,825.3 R4,540.9 1977 219.8 R4,231.4 R2,030.9 R4,750.5 1978 222.1 R4,303.5 R2,294.7 R5,015.0 1979 224.6 R4,378.6 R2,563.3 R5,173.4 1980 226.5 R4,454.3 R2,789.5 R5,161.7 1981 229.5 R4,530.1 R3,128.4 R5,291.7 1982 231.7 R4,610.2 R3,255.0 R5,189.3 1983 233.8 R4,690.5 R3,536.7 R5,423.8 1984 235.8 R4,769.8 R3,933.2 R5,813.6 1985 237.9 R4,850.4 R4,220.3 R6,053.7 1986 240.1 R4,932.7 R4,462.8 R6,263.6 1987 242.3 R5,017.9 R4,739.5 R6,475.1 1988 244.5 R5,103.5 R5,103.8 R6,742.7 1989 246.8 R5,189.2 R5,484.4 R6,981.4 1990 248.8 R5,275.9 R5,803.1 R7,112.5 1991 253.0 R5,359.8 R5,995.9 R7,100.5 1992 256.5 R5,443.8 R6,337.7 R7,336.6 1993 259.9 R5,525.2 R6,657.4 R7,532.7 1994 263.1 R5,605.4 R7,072.2 R7,835.5 1995 266.3 R5,686.0 R7,397.7 R8,031.7 1996 269.4 R5,765.2 R7,816.9 R8,328.9 1997 272.6 R5,844.9 R8,304.3 R8,703.5 1998 275.9 R5,923.7 R8,747.0 R9,066.9 1999 279.0 R6,002.0 R9,268.4 R9,470.3 2000 281.4 R6,079.0 R9,817.0 R9,817.0 2001 R285.1 R6,154.3 R10,100.8 R9,866.6 2002 R288.0 R6,228.6 R10,480.8 R10,083.0 2003 290.8 6,302.5 10,987.9 10,398.0 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year,

except for the April 1 decennial census counts.

2 See Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: See "Chained Dollars" in the Glossary. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/Append.html.

• For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.doc.gov/.

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—Department o

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, November 199the Census, State Population Estimates. World Population: • Census, International Database. U.S. Gross Domestic ProdEconomic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts (M1.1.9. 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Table E1. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 1 Total

1635 NA — — — — (s) (s) 1645 NA — — — — 0.001 0.001 1655 NA — — — — 0.002 0.002 1665 NA — — — — 0.005 0.005 1675 NA — — — — 0.007 0.007 1685 NA — — — — 0.009 0.009 1695 NA — — — — 0.014 0.014 1705 NA — — — — 0.022 0.022 1715 NA — — — — 0.037 0.037 1725 NA — — — — 0.056 0.056 1735 NA — — — — 0.080 0.080 1745 NA — — — — 0.112 0.112 1755 NA — — — — 0.155 0.155 1765 NA — — — — 0.200 0.200 1775 NA — — — — 0.249 0.249 1785 NA — — — — 0.310 0.310 1795 NA — — — — 0.402 0.402 1805 NA — — — — 0.537 0.537 1815 NA — — — — 0.714 0.714 1825 NA — — — — 0.960 0.960 1835 NA — — — — 1.305 1.305 1845 NA — — — — 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 — — 0.219 — 2.138 2.138 1855 0.421 — — 0.421 — 2.389 2.389 1860 0.518 — 0.003 0.521 — 2.641 2.641 1865 0.632 — 0.010 0.642 — 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 — 0.011 1.059 — 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 — 0.011 1.451 — 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 — 0.096 2.150 — 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 0.040 2.962 — 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 0.257 0.156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 0.147 0.168 5.265 0.090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 0.252 0.229 7.322 0.250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 0.372 0.610 10.983 0.386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 0.540 1.007 14.261 0.539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 0.673 1.418 15.385 0.659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 0.813 2.676 18.993 0.738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 0.668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 0.752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 0.806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 0.880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data also include wood-derived fuel and wood byproducts burned as fuel.

NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data are available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for

continuation of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for1635-1945," at end of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood con

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu pedecade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the increase during any given decade and the average annual vayearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of tare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 185difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehoLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

370 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: As defined pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT),methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols, separately or in mixtures of 85

percent by volume or more (or other percentage not less than 70 as determined byDOE rule) with motor gasoline or other fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG),

liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), hydrogen, coalderived liquid fuels, fuels other than alcohols derived from biological materials,

electricity, or any other fuel determined to be substantially not petroleum and

yielding substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.Alternative-Fueled Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle either designed and manufacturedby an original equipment manufacturer or a converted vehicle designed to operate ineither dual-fuel, flexible-fuel, or dedicated modes on fuels other than motor gasoline or diesel fuel. This does not include a conventional vehicle that is limited to

operation on blended or reformulated motor gasoline fuels.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu per

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite

consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note:

Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electricpower generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu per shortton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,

consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human term is used in the context of global climate chan

that are the result of human activities, as well as activities, such as deforestation.API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute meaoil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale exliquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: 

Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) - Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mateessing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to mconversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per sho

ASTM: The acronym for the American Society foAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)

ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates 

bons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MIL

components are not counted in data on finished av

Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Ty

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 

Glossary
Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility can

process under usual operating conditions. The amount is expressed in terms ofcapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability ofall units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability ofdownstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities

of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that aredistributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normal operation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types and grades ofproducts expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraints associatedwith refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime due tosuch conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, and turnaround; and 6)the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to such conditions asmechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume.Biodiesel: Any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. Biodiesel can be made from transesterification of oils of vegetables

such as soybeans, rapeseed, or sunflowers (end product known as methyl ester) orfrom animal tallow (end product known as methyl tallowate). Biodiesel can also bemade by transesterification of hydrocarbons produced by the Fisher-Tropsch process from agricultural byproducts such as rice hulls.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with

well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and powerapplications in manufacturing and making coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is less than 20

percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of bituminous coalconsumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). See

Coal Rank.Black Liquor (Pulping Liquor): The alkaline spent liquor removed from thedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the liquor isburned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain basicchemicals.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperatureof 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which water

has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Faha Quantity of Fuel, Gross, and Heat Content of a Q

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dis

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “internadenote the consumption of fuel for international trapurposes of greenhouse gas emissions inventories, d

tion of international bunker fuels are subtracted frHistorically, bunker fuels have meant only ship fuel.Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or (C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specessors Association Specifications for commercial buta

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-ch

less paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straicolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a tempeheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refine

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovere

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poison

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a produ

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhousenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere potential for global warming. The global warmingreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of cnational scientific convention is assigned a value of oCarbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbinto the atmosphere that would produce the same egiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Ccomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being ane) by its estimated global warming potential (whi

372 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
equivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by the carbon

content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that

have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of thedollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Prior to 1996,real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights ofgoods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new measure isbased on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years. It is“chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the firstyear of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it ismore closely related to any given period covered and is therefore subject to lessdistortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to beharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receivesgas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, butespecially to significant change from one prevailing climatic condition to another.In some cases, “climate change” has been used synonymously with the term “globalwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense to includenatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooling.Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition,including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and morethan 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plantremains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Coal Rank. 

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their degree of progressive

alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coalinclude lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite and are

based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking)

properties.Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition.Note: When coal data are collected for a particular reporting period (month, quarter,or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of this period.

Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue deriveminous coal from which the volatile constituent

oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Faand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used asmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from chas a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short tCoke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon conthe final product of thermal decomposition in the This product is reported as marketable coke or cbarrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. C

ing value of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plaand electricity. If one or more units of the plant is 

is designated as a CHP plant. Note: This term is “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. Cbecause some of the plants included do not produfashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definthe Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA

Commercial Building: A building with more than 

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming providing facilities and equipment of: businesses; ments; and other private and public organizatiofraternal groups. The commercial sector includes iincludes sewage treatment facilities. Common ussector include space heating, water heating, air co

cooking, and running a wide variety of other equi

generators that produce electricity and/or usef

support the activities of the above-mentioned comEIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guide

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Productiontion of permanent equipment for the production o

well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natur

the definition of a “well” (classified as a crude oil 

definition of a “completion” are identical. Howeve

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one reservoir, a “well” is not

synonymous with a “completion.”Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas compressed to a volume and

density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even when compressed, naturalgas is not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional.

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Conventional.Conversion Factor: A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system. Conversion factors can be used to translate physicalunits of measure for various fuels into Btu equivalents.Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed at electricpower plants used to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere.Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available orwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would affect marine life.Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hazardous to human health and

regulated under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National AmbientAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act require EPA todescribe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutant as the “criteria” for inclusionin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through

surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream,it may also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase innatural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after beingrecovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequentlycommingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Leasecondensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation

facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts ofnonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3)drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oilshale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil isrefined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils;

gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane;

and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.

Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The marketed first sales price ofdomestic crude oil, consistent with the removal price defined by the provisions of

the Windfall Profits Tax on Domestic Crude Oil (P[c]).Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at t

charges associated with purchasing, transporting, apurchase point to the port of discharge. The cost doeat the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharCrude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of cing transportation and other fees. The composite codomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acthe cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petr

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil 

refineries.Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease copetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leaCrude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as 

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the produc

more crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing are classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natu

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit asquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages 

days over a long period of time (usually the 30-year ages may be simple degree-day normals or ponormals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how wof time relative to a base temperature, most commonlenheit. The measure is computed for each day by su(65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and lvalues set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degreecooling degree-day measure for a specified referencare used in energy analysis as an indicator of air conor use.Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cof time relative to a base temperature, most comm

374 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the average of the

day’s high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s heating degree-days are summed to create aheating degree-day measure for a specified reference period. Heating degree-daysare used in energy analysis as an indicator of space heating energy requirements oruse.Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted

by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To computeState population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided into from one to nine

climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on the ratioof the population of the division to the total population of the State. Degree-dayreadings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for

each division and those products are then summed to arrive at the State populationweighted degree-day figure. To compute national population-weighted degree-days,

the Nation is divided into nine Census regions, each comprising from three to eightStates, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the regionto the total population of the Nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products arethen summed to arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring ofelectric utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns ofelectricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand.Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum of coal in bothmeasured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100 percentof the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick and beds of subbituminous coal

60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of as much as 1,000 feet. Includesbeds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined. Includes alsothinner and/or deeper beds that currently are being mined or for which there isevidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time. Represents thatportion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are calculated.Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining

operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motorvehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than forgasoline. Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions

produced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel

oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 ddiesel engines, such as those found in cars and engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are use

electricity generation.Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary crude oil (including mixtures of other hydroca

pheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaptionation tower for separating the vaporized hydroil into fractions with different boiling ranges. Thizing and condensing the components to separate hselected boiling ranges are set by the processing scoil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside 

in a building. The steam or hot water is produced ithe building. District heat may be purchased from plant in a separate building that is part of the samcomplex or university).Dry Hole: An exploratory well or developmenproducing either crude oil or natural gas in suffition as a crude oil well or natural gas well.Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.

Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas 

Dual-Fired Unit: A generating unit that can pmore input fuels. In some of these units, only the pously; the alternate fuel(s) can be used only as a staEastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R.: IncludBulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, HuLatvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Rumenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. See U.S.S.R.Electric Energy: The ability of an electric curren

other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatth

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime 

auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, ch

electricity.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North

American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: This sector includes electric utilities and independent power producers. See Energy-Use Sectors.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity orinstrumentality aligned with distribution facilities for delivery of electric energy for

use primarily by the public. Included are investor-owned electric utilities, municipaland State utilities, Federal electric utilities, and rural electric cooperatives. A fewentities that are tariff based and corporately aligned with companies that own distribution facilities are also included. Electric utilities are included in the electricpower sector. Note: Due to the issuance of FERC Order 888 that required traditional electric utilities to functionally unbundle their generation, transmission, anddistribution operations, “electric utility” currently has inconsistent interpretationsfrom State to State. See Electric Power Sector.Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation,

transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for

uses.Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonlyexpressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See Electricity

Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by

generating units and measured at the generating terminal.Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less the

electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries. Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage

plants is regarded as station use and is deducted from gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and

other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own

use and not for resale. These sales are usually grouped by classes of service, such asresidential, commercial, industrial, and other. “Other” sales include sales for publicstreet and highway lighting and other sales to public authorities and railways, andinterdepartmental sales.

Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to p

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the 

global climate change, they consist of radiatively 

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel comb

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, insectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors.Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured b(potential energy) or the conversion of this capabiliEnergy has several forms, some of which are easily cto another form useful for work. Most of the world’s fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is themechanical or other means in order to accomplish ta

measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usu

mal units.Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a souinput in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directlenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy uprice per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that prouse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomtransformed to supply heat or power. Examples incl

gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothe

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy

U.S. society developed to measure and analyze ecommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, com

portation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydroca

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streamsEther: The family name applied to a group of organicomposed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and whi

376 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl tertiary butyl

ether).Ethanol: See Fuel Ethanol.Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorless, flammable, oxygenated hydrocarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed by the catalytic etherification of

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous

chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas inan area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known field(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or toextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas

processing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the Energy InformationAdministration. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency withjurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric

licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipelinecertification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the Department ofEnergy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. Itwas abolished on September 30, 1977, when the Department of Energy was created.Its functions were divided between the Department of Energy and the FederalEnergy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and developand implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating information from these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50

publicly-owned U.S. crude oil producers that hproduction or reserves of crude oil, natural gas

States, or 1 percent of either refining capacity or 

United States.Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, 

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic FFirst Use: Manufacturing establishments’ cons

originally produced offsite or was produced onsitfied as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal yeSeptember 30. The fiscal year is designated by the.g., fiscal year 2003 began on October 1, 2002, anFlared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared.F.O.B.: See Free on Board.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in vario

specified period, includes (1) the deepest total dewells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bytion with reported wells, and (3) all new footage wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wthe common bore, which is reported as footage fo

old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is ttotal depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See U.S.S.R.

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and caany future production of uranium from in-place 

labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll administrative costs that are dependent upon the applicable as variable costs of production. Excluexpenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisment, and mill construction, as well as income taxNote: By use of forward costing, estimates of rese

differing geological settings can be aggregated amount that can theoretically be extracted to recovoxide production under the listed forward cost cate

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic

material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler byheat from burning fossil fuels.Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from

natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such as propane,

butane, and ethane.

Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port of

exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the productavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyerpays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at the

point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.Fuel Ethanol: An anhydrous, denatured aliphatic alcohol (C2H5OH) intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent

by volume. See Oxygenates. Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produceelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambientconditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity and Generator Net

Summer Capacity.

Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the el

generating unit for a given period of time to the ebeen produced at continuous full-power operation durGenerator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The generator, prime mover, or other electric power 

specific conditions designated by the manufacturer. capacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MWnameplate physically attached to the generator.Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum omegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer pthrough October 31). This output reflects a reductiouse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted 

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pumpgeneration.Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface te

warming has occurred in the distant past as the resulterm is today most often used to refer to the warmioccur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissi

Climate Change.Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used tive forcing of different gases without directly calcpheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the rawould result from the emission of one kilogram of a the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide ove

years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water v

oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), pe

sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (shto long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave rEarth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping tendency to warm the planet’s surface.Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value oby labor and property located in the United States. As are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents 

378 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used to

convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross.Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, naturalgas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and otherliquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Gross: The total amount of heat releasedwhen a fuel is burned. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas all include chemicalcompounds of carbon and hydrogen. When those fuels are burned, the carbon andhydrogen combine with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Some of the energy released in burning goes into transforming the water into steam

and is usually lost. The amount of heat spent in transforming the water into steam iscounted as part of gross heat content but is not counted as part of net content. Gross

heat content is also referred to as the higher heating value. Btu conversion factorstypically used by the Energy Information Administration represent gross heatcontent.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Net: The amount of usable heat energy

released when a fuel is burned under conditions similar to those in which it isnormally used. Net heat content is also referred to as the lower heating value. Btuconversion factors typically used by the Energy Information Administration represent gross heat content.Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated personsoccupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” means the housing unit was theperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it iseither occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family, anindividual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quartersmeans the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in the house orapartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildings or through acommon hall—that is, they can get to it without going through someone else’sliving quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters such as prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A common dining area used byresidents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel and motel rooms are consideredhousing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.

Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular struvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent o

and very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electr

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Co

Pumped Storage.

Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelecing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumHydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric peak load periods by using water previously pumpvoir during off-peak periods when excess generatiWhen additional generating capacity is needed, threservoir through a conduit to turbine generato

plant at a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-mor two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hyd

HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in 

Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen with oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, hydrocarbons.Implicit Price Deflator: See Chained Dollars.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States anU.S. possessions and territories or from foreign couIndependent Power Producer: A corporation, plegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operatelectricity for use primarily by the public, and thapendent power producers are included in the electrIndicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which est

and quantity are based partly on sample analyses reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resouspecified measurements and partly from projectiodistance on the basis of geologic evidence. The pmiles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of obs

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and

equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrialsector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS codes

31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); natural gas distribution (NAICS code

2212); water supply and irrigation systems (NAICS code 22131); and construction(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat andcooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, airconditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricityand/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial

activities. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for more informationsee http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. See EndUse Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane.Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionationof natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillation

temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a finalmaximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM Specification1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraftengines.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with an average gravity of 52.8o API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of 290 to 470

degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-4).It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines because ithas a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meets engine requirements at

high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fedlamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheitat the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, anda minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and No.

2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specificatgrades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which hof No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-T

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,00

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of 

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See 

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, fi

as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dsors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plantsLease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily o

carbons which is recovered as a liquid from natura

ties. This category excludes natural gas plant propane, which are recovered at downstream natural ties. Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to 

exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generatioa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short tfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primliquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrpressure.Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hyd

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation

ene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butyleneFor convenience of transportation, these gases are liquLiquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petrrefinery or still gases. Through compression and/or 

in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethaene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Exclu

380 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.

Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating unit’sinitial fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. Themaximum level of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design thermal rating.Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture of other

products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be

produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that

consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical, chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components into newproducts. Assembly of component parts of products is included, except for thatwhich is included in construction.Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,

quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from dimensionsrevealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coalsare so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent.Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region, according to the character of the coalbeds, the points of observation are no greater than 1⁄2 mile apart. Measured coal is

projected to extend as a belt 1⁄4 mile wide from the outcrop or points of observationor measurement.Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas (CH4), which is the

major component of natural gas. It is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes.

Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for motor gasoline

blending. See Oxygenates.Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic

extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixin

components and oxygenates as required, to pr

Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed wicomponents or oxygenates, resulting in increased line and/or changes in the formulation of finishe

tional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produ

Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) usinto finished motor gasoline. These componenblendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygcomponents and are included in the total for otheoxygenates.Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motoxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline cexcludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxyas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoliregular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasolin

Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture 

bons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defineor Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characte122oF to 158oF at the 10-percent recovery point to recovery point. “Motor gasoline” includes conven

of oxygenated motor gasoline including gasohol

line, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note: Vol

blending components, as well as oxygenates, armotor gasoline until the blending components are bMotor Gasoline Grades: The classification of type of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, 

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accothe time of sale. In general, automotive octane reqtudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United StaStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades lower.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,

greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90. Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated

motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight andrequired by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be sold in areasdesignated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes reformulated gasoline, oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG), and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenated blending (RBOB). It can be formulated for regular, midgrade, or premium grade. SeeMotor Gasoline Grades.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use inmotor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirements ofthe reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. Note: This categoryincludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludesreformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). It can be formulated for regular, midgrade, and premium grades. See Motor Gasoline Grades.MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.NAICS: See North American Industry Classification System.

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate

boiling range between 122 and 400o F.Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane,

used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, andas raw material input and fuel for industrial processes. Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or

plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been

removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters

for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahsquare inch absolute.Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of prod

gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is redproduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Vsite include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cyvoirs, and conservation operations; and 2) vented n

gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarb

carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitstream; and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn fnot considered part of production. Dry natural gas p

marketed production less extraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares 

essing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream 

gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the leasNatural Gas Liquids (NGL): A general term for all natural gas in gas processing or cycling plants. Th

liquids and lease condensate.

Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural g

production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir r

gases removed in treating or processing operations; ral gas and flared natural gas. Includes all quantitand processing operations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, as valves, compressor stations, communications systing natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fue

usually from a point in or beyond the producing field pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers tfacilities.Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocseparated as liquids at downstream gas processing pplants, and in some instances at field facilities. Lease 

ucts obtained include liquefied petroleum gases and 

382 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at

processing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one

or more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and naturalgas are classified as crude oil wells.)

Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total

reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by theappropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance, andsimilar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation ofnatural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Council.

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.

Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity.

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and SaudiArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (Nox): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those that have not been adjusted to remove the effect ofchanges in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power in the yearin which the transaction occurred.Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individualsystems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only in the contextof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating orcooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.

Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarboreservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, he

gen. Normal Butane: See Butane.

North American Electric Reliability Council (Nby the electric utility industry to promote the 

power supply in the electric utility systems of N

regional reliability councils and encompasses essen

contiguous United States, Canada, and Mexico. Reliability Councils at http://www.eia.doe.gov/neicNorth American Industry Classification Syste

developed jointly by the United States, Canada, aand industries according to the type of economic aNAICS replaces the Standard Industrial ClassificatNuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Elect

thermal energy released from the fission of nuclear Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit oproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioninone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclinitiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate

able material), moderating material to control thpressure vessel to house reactor components, ssystem to conduct heat away from the reactor, anand controlling the reactor's systems.OECD: See Organization for Economic CooperaOffshore: That geographic area that lies seaward coastline is the line of ordinary low water along win direct contact with the open sea or the line mawater. If a State agency uses a different basis for areas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined aby subsequent adjudication).Oil: See Crude Oil.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has

completed low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating licenseissued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categoriesat the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not under activerepair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not inoperation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items ofother revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, andcumulative effect of accounting changes.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. Fordetails about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Countries that haveorganized for the purpose of negotiating with oil companies on matters of oilproduction, prices, and future concession rights. Current members (as of the date ofwriting this definition) are Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. See OPEC’s site athttp://www.opec.org for more information.Other Hydrocarbons: Materials received by a refinery and consumed as a raw

material. Includes hydrogen, coal tar derivatives, gilsonite, and natural gasreceived by the refinery for reforming into hydrogen. Natural gas to be used as fuelis excluded.Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to motor gasoline, increase the

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in thestratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and amajor component of photochemical smog.

PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Daggregations of the 50 States and the District of Cthe Petroleum Administration for Defense in 195nally instituted for economic and geographic reaso

tion for War (PAW) Districts, which were establis

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atminclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical colle[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mextracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane, 

condensate.Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made two carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, conno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct oconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100tials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks d

pally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubbPetroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydro

crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refine

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquipetroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compdetergents, after they have been blended into the prodPetroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: The sum of all refined p

For each refined petroleum product, the amount suproduction and imports, then subtracting changes in als are a plus quantity and net additions are a minus qPetroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into thColumbia from foreign countries and from Puerto other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehooffshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and 

384 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil

and petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany pipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing ofcrude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon

compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,

kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt,

road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Petroleum Products Supplied: An approximate measure of consumption. It measures the disappearance of the petroleum products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, blending plants, and bulk terminals. In general, products supplied in any givenperiod are computed as follows: field production, plus imports, plus unaccountedfor crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis) minusstock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports. Seealso Petroleum Consumption.

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that

are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have a

capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held byproduct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point ofconsumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processingplants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in other oilestimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated from sunlight through

solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cellsdesigned to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its outputterminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited forincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in

compressors.

Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.

Primary Consumption: Includes consumption o

nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power

geothermal, solar, wind, net imports of coal coke

Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wdrives an electric generator; or, for reporting p

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquition of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operatioProcessing Gain: The volumetric amount by winput for a given period of time. This difference i

oil into petroleum products which, in total, have 

crude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by whicinput for a given period of time. This difference i

oil into petroleum products which, in total, have crude oil processed.Processing Plant (Natural Gas): A surface instrecover natural gas liquids from a stream of prprocesses of condensation, absorption, refrigeracontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or retpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hyd

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It incASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processorcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) reco

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated qucrude oil that geological and engineering dacertainty to be recoverable in future years from economic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volum

to be recovered in future years in conjunction 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
reserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.

Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas thatanalysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certaintyto be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economicand operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids

(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and

operating conditions.Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant dollars,usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition

Cost.Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.Refinery Input: The raw materials and intermediate materials processed at refineries to produce finished petroleum products. They include crude oil, products of

natural gas processing plants, unfinished oils, other hydrocarbons and alcohol,

motor gasoline blending components and aviation gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum products.

Refinery Output: The total amount of petroleum products produced at a refinery.

Includes petroleum consumed by the refinery.Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finished petroleumproducts from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.

Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Reformulated.

Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sources

of energy include conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, alcohol fuels,

geothermal, solar, and wind.

Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel that is methanol, ethanol, or

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, coal-derived

liquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from so

or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determinepetroleum and would yield substantial energy secenvironmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil 

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector 

for private households. Common uses of energy assospace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighti

running a variety of other appliances. The residentiliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in 

explanation see http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datad

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as Nremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrrefinery operations. It conforms to ASTM SpecifiFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual falso known as Navy Special and is defined in Milita

including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). vessels in government service and inshore electric 

includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electrici

vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including resid

palliative and surface treatment on roads and highwasix grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscRotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral propercontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pSolar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Pho

Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receit to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal colleand an absorber, together with appropriate insulati

solar thermal collector may be used immediately 

386 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water heating, and heating

swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into

other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing unitsusing space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heatingequipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use ofenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that giveoff heat as a byproduct. Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum products within the naphtha boiling

range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products arerefined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexaneand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 and D484,respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or aviation

gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical feedstocks or synthetic natural gas

(SNG) feedstocks are excluded.Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an industrial process; can be a component of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product at a specific location where the commodity is

purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the prime moveris a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler wherefossil fuels are burned.Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries bydistillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents aremethane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane, propylene, etc.

Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversionfactor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barrel. 

Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. See Crude Oil Stocks, Coal

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by the FederalGovernment for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Subbituminous Coal: A coal with properties rang

of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumto bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at thcontains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu pematter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminStates averages 17 to 18 million Btu per short tocontaining both inherent moisture and mineral matSulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorle

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in pa

as a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas so

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielecthighest 100-year global warming potential of any 

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous subsgled with natural gas that increases the volume substances include, but are not limited to, propanemanufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts addSynthetic Coal: Coal that has been processed bbased fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusiomaterials and processes that recycle material.Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred manufactured product, chemically similar in most from the conversion or reforming of petroleum h

substituted for or interchanged with pipeline-qualitThermal Conversion Factor: See Conversion F

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming s

whose primary purpose is transporting people and/tion to another. Included are automobiles; trusubways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and shivehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warclassified in the sector of their primary use. Note

sectoral coverage—for more http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guide

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between the

calculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated supply

is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil stocks.The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to refineries,crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of the

components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data

reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net result ofconversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressure bases and

converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations incompany accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle andcalendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the merger of datareporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storingnatural gas that has been transferred from its original location. The facilities areusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depleted crude oil or natural gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an impermeable cap rock (aquifer). 

Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Those

economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring onlymechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oiland include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils,

and residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid

components, excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from

natural gas.United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The United States

has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other politicalentities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico,the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands,Wake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may includedata from some or all of these areas in U.S. Totals. For these programs, data products will contain notes explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under

the term “United States.”Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Itstwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235

is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable 238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-23thermal neutrons. Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powduranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining s

phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineraliz

be mined economically, typically one to four pounds 

to 0.2 percent U3O8. See Uranium Oxide.

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowca

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories by the international community to reflect differing letence of the resources. Reasonably assured resourceresources (EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are d

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Ur

mineral deposits of such size, grade, and recovered within the given production cost mining and processing technology. Estimabased on specific sample data and measureknowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: 

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): Ura

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of sions of well-explored deposits, in little-excovered deposits believed to exist along wwith known deposits. This uranium can subthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage able sampling data and on knowledge of determined in the best-known parts of the Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in a

to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidtions, in deposits discoverable with existinlocation of deposits in this category can gbeing somewhere within given regions or gin this category are less reliable than estim

388 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003
SR corresponds to the combination of DOE’s possible potential resources

and speculative potential resources categories.

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heatand-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy made

available for processes and applications other than electricity generation.

U.S.S.R.: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisted of 15 constituentrepublics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, andUzbekistan. As a political entity, the U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31,1991.Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.

Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats,such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including

vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S. ArmedForces.Waste Coal: Usable coal material that is a byproduct of previous processing operations or is recaptured from what would otherwise be refuse. Examples include

anthracite culm, bituminous gob, fine coal, lignite waste, coal recovered from arefuse bank or slurry dam, and coal recovered by dredging.Waste Energy: Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, methane, digester gas, liquid

acetonitrile waste, tall oil, waste alcohol, medical waste, paper pellets, sludge waste,solid byproducts, tires, agricultural byproducts, closed loop biomass, fish oil, andstraw used as fuel.Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of onevolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measure equal to one watt of power

supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for one hour.Waxes: Solid or semi-solid materials derived from petroleum distillates or residues by such treatments as chilling, precipitating with a solvent, or de-oiling. It is a

light-colored, more-or-less translucent crystalline mass, slightly greasy to the touch,consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in which the paraffin series predominates. Includes all marketable wax, whether crude scale or fully refined. The threegrades included are microcrystalline, crystalline-fully refined, and crystalline-other.The conversion factor is 280 pounds per 42 U.S. gallons per barrel. 

Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services relate

natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natur

Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory 

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/

Following historical precedent, the volume and plabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and ured at the lease boundary. In the context of dom“wellhead” is the generic term used to reference erty. Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natuSee Natural Gas Wellhead Price.Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment gices after a well is drilled. Services include well 

maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugginfrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods awell, to major workovers, such as milling out and depth and characteristics determine the type of equWestern Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, BDenmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IceMacedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic ofPortugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spaiand the United Kingdom. Wind Energy: Energy present in wind motion thenergy for driving pumps, mills, and electric p

against sails, vanes, or blades radiating from a centWood Energy: Wood and wood products used as wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forand spent pulping liquor.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir or base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total wormore than once during any season.Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate tha

texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 p

weight. It is used as feedstock for uranium 

fabrication.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2003 
Annual Energy Review

Long-term historical data on U.S. energy production, consumption,stocks, trade, and prices. Includes an overview of U.S. energy anddetailed chapters on energy consumption, major fuels, financial indicators, energy resources, international energy data, and environmental indicators. Most series begin in 1949.www.eia.doe.gov/aer

Petroleum Supply Annual

Information on the supply and disposition of crude oil and petroleum products. Volume 1 contains three sections: summary statistics, detailed statistics, and refinery statistics. Volume 2 containsfinal statistics for each month of the most recent publication year.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html

Petroleum Marketing Annual

Information on volumes and prices of crude oils and refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, aviation fuel, kerosene, and propane.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html

Natural Gas Annual

Comprehensive review of U.S. natural gas activities. Summary tables for 1998 through 2002 are presented for each State; annualdata are also shown at the national level.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html

Annual Coal Report

Annual data on U.S. coal productiorecoverable reserves, employment, tive capacity. Data are available at twww.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_su

Electric Power Annual

Overview of the electric power inducluding generation; capacity; demacapacity margins; emissions; trade; revenue; revenue and expense statisagement.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_s

Renewable Energy Annual

Data on U.S. renewable energy conelectricity generation; solar thermal turing activity; and geothermal heat www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/pa

Uranium Industry Annual

Comprehensive statistical review otry’s activities relating to uranium marketing. Contains data for the mindustry’s plans and commitments www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/uia/uia_sum

Annual HistoricalData Reportsfrom the Energy Information AdministrationThe Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activitieThe items listed above are available on EIA’s Web site. For more information on these and other EIA products, contact the National Energy Infor infoctr@eia.doe.gov.