A Simplified Procedure 

for Developing Grade 

Lumber From 

Hardwood Logs 

F. B. Malcolm 

United States

Department of 

Agriculture 

Forest Service 

Forest 

Products 

Laboratory 

Research 

Note 

FPL−RN−098 
Abstract 

This paper describes grade sawing procedures for improving 

lumber grade yield recovery from hardwood factory logs. 

Basic principles of hardwood lumber grades are applied to 

simplified sawing procedures to accomplish improved grade 

recovery. Discussion includes positioning surface defects in 

relation to opening faces. Special consideration is given to 

defects such as seams, end splits, and rot as well as sawing 

sweepy logs. While the head sawyer duties are the primary 

focus of this paper, edging and trimming considerations are 

also covered. 

Keywords: grade lumber, hardwood, sawing, 

yield recovery 

This Research Note was originally issued in 1956 under the same title as 

Forest Products Laboratory Report No. 2056 and last reprinted in 1965 as 

FPL–RN–098. 

Reviewed, updated, and approved for reprinting by John R. Drumm, Forest 

Products Technologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. 

October 2000 (Revised) 

Malcolm, F.B. 2000. A simplified procedure for developing grade lumber 

from hardwood logs. Res. Note FPL–RN–098. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 13 p. 

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705–2398. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries in the United States and elsewhere. 

The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. 

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