Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 17A-JC-3052 | June 15, 2018 Page 1 of 10

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Luisa M. White

Luisa White Law, LLC

Lafayette, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Curtis T. Hill, Jr.

Attorney General of Indiana

Robert J. Henke

Abigail R. Recker

Deputy Attorneys General

Indianapolis, Indiana 

I N T H E

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re the Matter of N.M. (Minor 

Child),

M.Y. (Paternal Grandmother)1

Appellant-Respondent,

v.

Indiana Department of 

Child Services, 

Appellee-Petitioner. 

June 15, 2018

Court of Appeals Case No.

17A-JC-3052

Appeal from the Tippecanoe 

Superior Court

The Honorable Faith A. Graham, 

Judge

The Honorable Tricia L. 

Thompson, Juvenile Magistrate

Trial Court Cause No.

79D03-1706-JC-138

1 A.M. (“Father”) and S.E. (“Mother”) did not file briefs on appeal. However, pursuant to Indiana Appellate 

Rule 17(A), a party of record in the trial court shall be a party on appeal. 
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Mathias, Judge.

[1] M.Y. (“Grandmother”) appeals the Tippecanoe Superior Court’s order 

determining that Grandmother’s thirteen-year-old grandson N.M. is a child in 

need of services (“CHINS”). Grandmother argues that the trial court erred in 

determining that N.M. is a CHINS raising three issues for our review, which we 

consolidate and restate as whether there was sufficient evidence to support the 

CHINS adjudication.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

[3] N.M. was born to S.E. (“Mother”) and A.M. (“Father”) in 2003. Grandmother 

is N.M.’s paternal grandmother. Father and paternal Uncle (“Uncle”) have 

lived with Grandmother for the past eight to ten years. Tr. p. 29. According to 

Father, Mother has not seen N.M. since he was six years old. Id. at 30. Mother 

has a history of substance abuse-related criminal offenses. Id. at 98.

[4] When N.M. was approximately two years old, Father was imprisoned for 

“breaking and entering.” Id. at 31. Father has also been convicted of possession 

of marijuana and admits to current marijuana use. Id. While incarcerated,

Father entered into an agreement with Grandmother, allowing her to care for 

N.M. Id. Grandmother has been N.M.’s caregiver for the majority of his life. Id. 

at 37–38. 
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[5] Grandmother admits that N.M. needs counseling, but she has not obtained 

counseling for N.M. on her own and has failed to take him to intake 

appointments. Appellant’s App. p. 37. Grandmother claims she is unable to 

take N.M. to appointments due to lack of transportation, but she allowed Uncle 

to take her car and is able to find transportation to see her sons in 

Crawfordsville. Id. 

[6] In May 2017, DCS received a report that N.M. was a victim of abuse and 

neglect, naming Father as the alleged perpetrator. Id. 19–21. Specifically, after

N.M. refused to clean his room, he walked across the street to his greatgrandmother’s house. Tr. p. 24. Father followed N.M. and dragged him down 

two steps and across the street by his leg. Id. at 24–25. Father alleged that he 

asked multiple times while dragging N.M., if he “wanted to get up and walk 

now.” Id. Father admits that it was “[p]robably not the best course of action . . . 

but it was the only option [N.M.] left [him] with.” Id. at 25. As a result from 

being dragged across the street, N.M. suffered a bruise and scrapes. Id. at 26. 

Father stated that he does not want a relationship with N.M. “unless [he] is 

fixed.” Appellant’s App. p. 36.

[7] On June 12, 2017, DCS filed its petition alleging that N.M. was a CHINS 

because of neglect and abuse. Id. at 19–21. In its petition, DCS alleged that: 

5. [Grandmother] believes the family and child [needs] services, 

and that [N.M.], specifically, needs help with behavioral issues.

6. [N.M.] participated in a forensic interview and disclosed that 

his father had drug [sic]him across a street for failing to clean his 
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room, and that []he suffered injuries to his right arm, buttocks, 

leg and fingers, which the Father had stepped on. [N.M.] was 

scared during the incident and was crying, and he is afraid to be 

around the Father. 

Id. at 20.

[8] On the same day, the court ordered N.M. to remain in Grandmother’s home

under conditions that DCS would conduct background checks on the 

Grandmother, Father, and the paternal Uncle, and daily drop-ins would occur. 

Id. at 14. Father was ordered to vacate the home immediately. Id. at 15. 

Grandmother failed to comply with the conditions by allowing Father to return 

to her home for brief periods. Id. at 37.

[9] On September 26, 2017, the trial court held a fact-finding hearing and found

that: 

[Grandmother] has been the primary caretaker of [N.M.] since he 

was two (2) years old as Father was incarcerated and mother has 

not been involved with [N.M.] for years.

In June of 2017, the child lived with [Grandmother], Father and 

[Uncle]. One day while [Grandmother] was at work, Father 

asked [N.M.] to clean his room. [N.M.] left the home and went 

across the street to his great grandmother’s home. Father 

followed [N.M.] across the street and drug [him] down two (2) 

steps and across the street by his leg. [N.M.] suffered injuries 

including bruises and scratches. This was the second incident of 

inappropriate discipline that resulted in injuries to [N.M.].

Father admits that he will not quit using marijuana and that he 

does not want a relationship with [N.M.] unless [he] is fixed. 
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Father denies needing services but believes the child probably 

does.

[Grandmother] admits she has been having discipline issues with 

[N.M.] and that she babies him. [Uncle] and [N.M.] got into 

escalated arguments several times and [Grandmother] had to 

intervene. She also admits that Father’s discipline has been 

inappropriate on two occasions. [Grandmother] indicated to 

DCS that she has fear [sic] of Father and that he was loud and 

aggressive in the home. DCS also observed [Uncle’s] loud and 

angry behavior in the home. [Grandmother] did not ask [Uncle] 

or Father to leave the home for the safety of the child until DCS 

involvement. Even after DCS involvement, [Grandmother] 

allowed [Uncle] to return to the home until the court ordered that 

he leave the home of the child.

[Grandmother] admits that [N.M.] needs counseling but she has 

not obtained counselling for him on her own . . . and has not 

taken the child for the intake appointment. [Grandmother] 

blames lack of transportation for failure to obtain services but 

[Grandmother] allowed [Uncle] to take her car. Additionally, 

[Grandmother] finds transportation to Crawfordsville to see her 

sons.

* * * 

[N.M.] need[s] care, treatment or rehabilitation that [he] is not 

receiving; and that it is unlikely to be provided or accepted 

without the coercive intervention of the court.

Appellant’s App. pp. 36–37.

[10] On October 18, 2017, the court issued an order adjudicating N.M. a CHINS. 

Id. at 36–38. The next day, DCS filed a petition for parental participation. On 

December 5, 2017, the court granted the petition for the parental participation 

and ordered Grandmother to:
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1. Participate in home-based care management.

2. Comply with daily drop ins.

3. Complete a parenting assessment and follow all 

recommendations.

4. Maintain contact with DCS

5. Sign all releases of information[.]

Id. at 46. Grandmother now appeals N.M.’s adjudication as a CHINS.

Discussion and Decision

[11] Our supreme court explained in In re N.E., 919 N.E.2d 102, 105 (Ind. 2010), 

that Indiana Code sections 31-34-1-1 through 31-34-1-11 specify the elements 

that DCS must prove in order to establish that child is a CHINS: (1) the child is 

under the age of eighteen; (2) one or more particular set or sets of circumstances 

set forth in the statute exists; and (3) the care, treatment, or rehabilitation 

needed to address those circumstances is unlikely to be provided or accepted 

without the coercive intervention of the court.

[12] In this case, the trial court found that N.M. was a child in need of services 

under Indiana Code sections 31-34-1-1 and 31-34-1-2. The first of these sections 

provides that a child is a CHINS if, before the child becomes eighteen years of 

age:

(1) the child’s physical or mental condition is seriously 

impaired or seriously endangered as a result of the 

inability, refusal, or neglect of the child’s parent, guardian, 

or custodian to supply the child with necessary food, 
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clothing, shelter, medical care, education, or supervision; 

and

(2) the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that:

(A) the child is not receiving; and

(B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the 

coercive intervention of the court.

I.C. § 31-34-1-1.

[13] The second section provides that a child is a CHINS, if before the child 

becomes eighteen (18) years of age:

(1) the child's physical or mental health is seriously endangered 

due to injury by the act or omission of the child’s parent, 

guardian, or custodian; and

(2) the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that:

(A) the child is not receiving; and

(B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the 

coercive intervention of the court.

I.C. § 31-34-1-2.

[14] “[T]he purpose of a CHINS adjudication is to protect children, not punish 

parents.” In re L.C., 23 N.E.3d 37, 39 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied (citing 

N.E., 919 N.E.2d at 106). A CHINS adjudication is not a determination of 

parental fault but rather is simply a determination that a child is in need of 

services and is unlikely to receive those services without the court’s 

intervention. Id. (citing N.E., 919 N.E.2d at 105). Because CHINS proceedings 
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are civil in nature, DCS must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that a 

child is a CHINS as defined by the relevant statutes. Id.

[15] On appeal, we must determine whether the evidence presented supports the 

findings of the trial court, and second, whether the findings support the 

judgment. In re T.S., 906 N.E.2d 801, 804 (Ind. 2009). We do not reweigh the 

evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses. In re D.F., 83 N.E.3d 789, 

796 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). Instead, we consider only the evidence that supports 

the court’s decision and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom. Id. We will 

reverse only upon a showing that the decision of the court was clearly 

erroneous. Id.

[16] In its order, the trial court adjudicated N.M. a CHINS because “[Grandmother] 

admits that [N.M.] needs counseling but she has not obtained counselling for 

him on her own . . . and has not taken the child for the intake appointment. 

[Grandmother] blames lack of transportation for failure to obtain services but 

[Grandmother] allowed [Uncle] to take her car.” Appellant’s App. at 37. 

Further, “[he] need[s] care, treatment or rehabilitation that [he] is not receiving; 

and that it is unlikely to be provided or accepted without coercive intervention 

of the court.” Id. 

[17] Grandmother argues that “DCS did not prove that [t]herapy was necessary.” 

Appellant’s Br. at 20. But, Grandmother admitted that N.M. needs therapy. Tr. 

p. 47 (“I think he could use some counseling”). Grandmother has not attempted 

to find a counselor for N.M. Further, the DCS case manager testified that 
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“[N.M.] needs some individual therapy to address some of the trauma within 

his relationships with his parents and his caregivers.” Id. at 58. The evidence 

supports the trial court’s finding that N.M. needs therapy, and Grandmother 

will not take him to counseling sessions without DCS involvement. 

Accordingly, N.M. was properly adjudicated a CHINS under Indiana Code 

section 31-34-1-1.

[18] The trial court also concluded that N.M. is a CHINS under Indiana Code 

section 31-34-1-2. DCS proved that N.M.’s physical well-being has been 

endangered on multiple occasions. Grandmother attempts to argue that 

“isolated incidents of ‘excessive discipline’ do not constitute a CHINS finding.” 

Appellant’s Br. at 23. But Grandmother testified that prior to the incident where 

Father dragged N.M. across the street, Father “pulled [N.M.] off 

[Grandmother’s] bed, picked him up and took him into the living room . . . and 

pulled his ear or something and it was bruised.” Tr. pp. 39–40. According to the 

family case manager, Grandmother “stated that she knew that the way [Father] 

disciplined [N.M.] was unconventional but that she believed that he needed a 

parent . . . and [] that type of discipline specifically was concerning and harmful 

to [N.M.] and [Grandmother] stated she knew and that she had also felt fearful 

of her son for some time just because of his behavior in her home.” Tr. p. 57. 

N.M. has stated he is “afraid to be around his Father, because he is aggressive.” 

Appellant’s App. p. 15. 

[19] Moreover, Grandmother is well aware that Father poses a danger to N.M.’s wellbeing. Grandmother told DCS about “an incident between Father and [N.M.] 
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and [N.M.] and [Uncle] that [she] thought maybe had been inappropriate, but 

[she] still allowed [N.M.] to stay in the house with them.” Tr. p. 45. When asked 

why Grandmother had not asked Father or Uncle to leave the house, she 

responded, “[b]ecause they are my kids and they needed help.” Id.

[20] Similarly, Grandmother has allowed Father back into the home after the most 

recent incident, even though the trial court ordered her to keep him away from 

the house. The record indicates that Grandmother understood Father was not 

supposed to return home but admitted that “he came back a few times[.]” Id. at

46. The DCS case manager stated, “I have concerns about [Grandmother’s] 

ability to maintain appropriate boundaries with her adult children.” Id. at 60. 

The evidence is sufficient to prove that N.M.’s physical and mental health are

seriously endangered, that N.M. needs care, treatment and rehabilitation, 

which he is not receiving, and is unlikely to be provided without coercive 

intervention of the court. 

[21] For all of these reasons, DCS proved by a preponderance of the evidence that 

N.M. is a CHINS under Indiana Code sections 31-34-1-1 and 31-34-1-2. 

Conclusion

[22] The trial court’s order adjudicating N.M. a CHINS is supported by sufficient 

evidence. We therefore affirm the CHINS adjudication.

[23] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and May, J., concur.