National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

Finding a Path Forward

ASIAN AMERICAN PACIFIC ISLANDER

NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS THEME STUDY

Edited by Franklin Odo
ii AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

Use of ISBN

This is the official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to 

certify its authenticity. Use of 978-0-692-92584-3 is for the U.S. Government Publishing 

Office editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests 

that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Odo, Franklin, editor. | National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.),

issuing body. | United States. National Park Service.

Title: Finding a Path Forward, Asian American and Pacific Islander National

Historic Landmarks theme study / edited by Franklin Odo.

Other titles: Asian American and Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks

theme study | National historic landmark theme study.

Description: Washington, D.C. : National Historic Landmarks Program, National

Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2017. | Series: A National

Historic Landmarks theme study | Includes bibliographical references and

index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017045212| ISBN 9780692925843 | ISBN 0692925848

Subjects: LCSH: National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.) | Asian

Americans--History. | Pacific Islander Americans--History. | United

States--History.

Classification: LCC E184.A75 F46 2017 | DDC 973/.0495--dc23 | SUDOC I

29.117:AS 4

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045212

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800

Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001

ISBN 978-0-692-92584-3
AAPI National Historic Landmarks Study List

Riverside, California. F.B. Devine Packing House, 8th and Pachappa, circa 1888.

Photo courtesy of the Riverside Metropolitan Museum, Riverside, CA.

Appendix 2

AAPI PROPERTIES THAT MAY BE ELIGIBLE FOR NHL DESIGNATION

This table includes a sampling of properties that may be eligible for NHL designation for their association with 

AAPI culture or history. The research and evaluation is too preliminary for an accurate assessment, but each 

property on the table has some quality that makes further investigation compelling. Certain factors may make some 

untenable candidates for NHL designation, but, at this writing, each is worth further investigation. Properties found 

to be ineligible for NHL designation may be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. This table 

represents a sampling of properties that are possibly eligible; a comprehensive inventory was beyond the scope of 

this project.

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE

CHINESE

Ah Louis Store* San Luis 

Obispo, 

California

2008 2: People Social History

Commerce

Ethnic Heritage

Bing Kong Tong 

(within Isleton Chinese 

and Japanese 

Commercial District)

Isleton, 

California

1991 1: Events Social History

Ethnic Heritage

Bok Kai Temple* Marysville, 

California

1975 4: Architecture Architecture

Bolivar County 

Courthouse

(in Rosedale 

Historic District)

Rosedale, 

Mississippi

2000 1: Events Law

Boston’s Chinatown Boston, 

Massachusetts

NA 1: Events Ethnic Heritage

China Alley 

Historic District 

Hanford, 

California

1972 1: Events

4: Architecture

Ethnic Heritage

Architecture

Appendix 2 383

384 AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

Chinatown and 

Little Italy 

Historic District

New York City, 

New York

2010 1: Events

5: District

Exploration/Settlement 

Industry

Architecture

Commerce

Economics

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

Chinatown Telephone 

Exchange, Canton Bank

Canton, 

California

NA 1: Events

4: Architecture

Industry

Architecture

San Francisco Chinatown* San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events

5: District

Exploration/Settlement 

Industry

Architecture

Commerce

Economics

Politics/Government

Transportation

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

Six Companies

(Chinese Consolidated 

Benevolent Association)*

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events Politics

Law

Social History

Community Planning and Development

Ethnic Heritage

East Kong Yick Building, 

Wing Luke Museum of 

the Asian American 

Experience

Seattle, 

Washington

(in Seattle 

Chinatown 

Historic District)

1986 1: Events Social History

Education

Community Planning and Development

Recreation

Ethnic Heritage

Fong Won Herb 

Company Building*

Oakland, 

California

NA 1: Events Health/Medicine

Forbidden City Nightclub, 

Sutter Street Theatre*

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Entertainment

Gin Lin Hydraulic Mining Site* Applegate 

Historic 

District, Oregon

NA 6: Archeology Exploration/Settlement

Industry 

Ethnic Heritage

Grace Nicholson Building; 

Pacific Asia Museum

Pasadena, 

California

1976 4: Architecture Architecture

Horace Mann School/

Consolidated Chinese 

Benevolent Association 

(in Boston Chinatown)

Boston, 

Massachusetts

2015 1: Event

4: Architecture

Education

Social History

Architecture

Jacksonville Chinese 

Quarter

Jacksonville, 

Oregon

NA 6: Archeology Archeology

Mendocino Joss House 

(Temple of Kwan Tai)*

Mendocino, 

California

(in Mendocino 

and Headlands 

Historic District)

1971 4: Architecture 

Exception 1

Architecture

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Appendix 2 385

Miller Gulch Sawmill Site* Salt Point State 

Park, California

NA 6: Archeology Exploration/Settlement

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

Moore Gulch Chinese 

Mining Site

Clearwater 

National 

Forest, Idaho

1983 1: Events

5: District

6: Archeology

Exploration/Settlement

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Oroville Chinese Temple Oroville, 

California

1976 4: Architecture Architecture

Ethnic Heritage

Ouray Chinatown Ouray, 

Colorado

NA 6: Archeology Exploration/Settlement

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

Polly Bemis House Idaho County, 

Idaho

1988 6: Archeology Archeology

Riverside Chinatown* Riverside, 

California

1990 6: Archeology Exploration/Settlement

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

Rock Springs 

Massacre Site

Rock Springs, 

Wyoming

NA 1: Events 

6: Archeology

Labor History

Social History

Sam Choy Brick Store Angels Camp, 

California

1984 1: Events Architecture

Commerce

Politics/Government

Ethnic History

San Francisco YMCA

(in Chinatown)

San Francisco,

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Ethnic History

Recreation

San Miguel Abalone Fishery

Part of Channel Islands 

National Park

San Miguel 

Island, 

California

NA 6: Archeology Social History

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

Summit Camp Donner 

Summit, 

California

NA 6: Archeology Social History

Transportation

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

Transcontinental 

Railroad Grade

Corrine, Utah 1994 1: Events 

6: Archeology

Transportation

Archeology

Walnut Grove 

Chinese-American 

Historic District 

Walnut Grove, 

California

1990 5: District Social History

Community Planning and Development

Ethnic Heritage

Weaverville Joss 

House, 

Taoist Temple*

Weaverville, 

California 

(in Weaverville 

Historic District)

1971 4: Architecture

Exception 1

Architecture

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE
386 AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

Wong How House* San Luis

Obispo County, 

California

NA 6: Archeology Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

You Chong (Y. C.) 

Hong Offices*

Los Angeles, 

California

NA 2: People

4: Architecture

Law

Architecture

Ethnic Heritage

YWCA Chinatown/

Chinese Historical 

Society of America (CHSA)

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Community Planning and Development

Ethnic Heritage

JAPANESE

Castroville Japanese 

Language School*

Castroville, 

California

1995 1: Events Social History

Community Planning and Development

Education 

Enmanji 

Buddhist Temple

Sebastopol, 

California

2006 4: Architecture

Exceptions 

1 and 2

Architecture

Eugene J. De Sabla, Jr. 

Teahouse and Tea Garden*

San Mateo, 

California

1992 4: Architecture Architecture

Fresno Buddhist 

Temple

Fresno, 

California

NA 1: Events

Exception 1

Ethnic Heritage

Gilroy Yamato 

Hot Springs*

Gilroy, 

California

1995 1: Events Recreation

Social History

Hakone 

Historic District

Saratoga, 

California

2013 4: Architecture Landscape 

Architecture

Hamakua Jodo 

Mission

Honokaa, 

Hawai‘i

NA 1: Events

4: Architecture

Architecture

Community Planning and Development 

Religion

Hawaii Shingon 

Mission

Honolulu, 

Hawai‘i

2002 4: Architecture Architecture

Holland Union 

Gakuen*

Clarksburg, 

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Community Planning and Development

Education

Japan Center San Francisco, 

California

NA 4: Architecture Architecture

Japanese Gulch Site* Mukilteo, 

Snohomish, 

Washington

NA 6: Archeology Exploration/Settlement

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Kinmon Gakuen* San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Community Planning and Development

Education

Kokugo Gakko 

(Japanese Language School 

and Cultural Center)

Seattle, 

Washington

NA 1: Events Social History

Ethnic Heritage

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Appendix 2 387

Kotani-En Garden Silicon Valley, 

California

1976 4: Architecture Architecture

Landscape 

Architecture

Lavender Town Selleck, 

Washington

NA 6: Archeology Archeology

Ethnic Heritage

Maui Jinsha 

Mission

Wailuku, 

Hawai‘i

1978 4: Architecture Architecture

Mukai Cold Process 

Fruit Barreling Plant

Vashon, 

Washington

1994 1: Events Social History

Industry

Ethnic Heritage

Oakland Japantown* Oakland, 

California

NA 1: Events

6: Architecture

Exploration/Settlement

Social History

Commerce

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

San Francisco 

Japanese Tea Garden

San Francisco, 

California 

(in Golden 

Gate Park 

Historic District)

2004 1: Events

4: Architecture

Social History

Recreation

Architecture

Landscape Architecture

San Francisco 

Japantown

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events

5: District

Social History

Community Planning and Development

Architecture

Commerce

Ethnic Heritage

San Francisco 

Japantown YWCA

San Francisco,

California

NA 1: Events

4: Architecture

Ethnic History

Architecture 

San Jose Buddhist 

Church Betsuin

San Jose, 

California

NA 4: Architecture Architecture

San Jose Japantown* San Jose, 

California

NA 1: Events

5: District

Social History

Community Planning and Development

Architecture

Commerce 

Ethnic Heritage

Shofuso Japanese 

House and Garden, 

West Fairmount Park

Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania

NA 4: Landscape

Architecture

Landscape 

Architecture 

Architecture

Wakamatsu 

Tea and Silk 

Colony Farm*

Placerville, 

California

2009 1: Events Exploration/Settlement

Agriculture

Ethnic Heritage

Walnut Grove

Gakuen Hall*

Walnut Grove, 

California

1980 1: Events Social History

Community Planning and Development

Walnut Grove 

Japanese American 

Historic District 

Walnut Grove, 

California

1990 5: District Social History

Community Planning and Development

Architecture

Commerce 

Ethnic Heritage

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE
388 AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

INDIAN/SOUTHEAST ASIAN

Old Vedanta 

Hindu Temple

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events

4: Architecture

Social History

Religion

Sikh Gurdwara Sahib Stockton, 

California

NA 1: Events Social History

Refugee Processing 

Center at Camp 

Pendleton*

San Diego 

County, 

California

NA 1: Events Exploration/Settlement

Military

Refugee Processing Center 

at Eglin Air Force Base*

Valparaiso, 

Florida

NA 1: Events Exploration/Settlement

Military

Refugee Processing 

Center at Fort Chaffee* 

Fort Smith, 

Arkansas

NA 1: Events Exploration/Settlement

Military

Refugee Processing 

Center at Fort 

Indiantown Gap*

Annville, 

Pennsylvania

NA 1: Events Exploration/Settlement

Military

KOREAN

Willows Korean 

Aviation School*

Willows, 

California

NA 1: Events Aviation

Social History

PACIFIC ISLANDER

Daifukuji Soto 

Zen Mission

Kealakekua, 

Hawai‘i

1994 1: Events

4: Architecture

Ethnic Heritage Architecture

East-West Center, or 

Center for Cultural and 

Technical Interchange 

Between East and West

Honolulu, 

Hawai’i

NA 1: Events Politics

Education

Filipino 

Community Hall*

Delano, 

California

NA 1: Events

2: People

Politics/Law

Ethnic Heritage

Historic 

Filipinotown*

Los Angeles, 

California

NA 1: Events

5: District

Ethnic Heritage

Kaho’olawe 

Island 

Reserve

Wailuku, 

Hawai‘i

1981 1: Events 

2: Persons 

(George Helm)

6: Archeology

Exploration/Settlement

Military

Archeology

Social History

Politics

Ethnic Heritage

Leluh Ruins Kosrae, 

Federated 

States of 

Micronesia 

1983 1: Ethnic 

Heritage

6: Archeology

Archeology

Little Manila Stockton, 

California

NA 1: Events

5: District

Agriculture

Commerce

Politics

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Appendix 2 389

Taga Latte 

Stone Quarry

Songsong, Rota, 

Northern 

Mariana Islands

1974 1: Events

6: Archeology

Ethnic Heritage (Chamorro)

Archeology

Kyoto Gardens 

of Honolulu

Honolulu, 

Hawai‘i

2004 4: Architecture Architecture

Pagat Site Yigo, Guam 1974 1: Events

6: Archeology

Religion

Archeology

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

To’aga Site Ofu Island, 

American 

Samoa

NA 1: Events

6: Archeology

Ethnic Heritage

Archeology

MULTIPLE AAPI AFFILIATIONS

International District 

(Seattle Chinatown 

Historic District)

Seattle, 

Washington

1986 1: Events 

5: District

Exploration/Settlement

Architecture

Social History

Community Planning and Development

Ethnic Heritage

Isleton Chinese and Japanese 

Commercial Districts

Isleton, 

California

1991 1: Events

5: District

Ethnic Heritage

Architecture

Portland New 

Chinatown-Japantown 

Historic District

Portland, 

Oregon

1989/

2004

1: Events

5: District

Social History

Ethnic Heritage

Architecture

Pike Place 

Public Market 

Historic District

Pike Place, 

Washington

2002 1: Events Social History

Industry

Commerce

Ethnic Heritage

San Francisco 

State College *

San Francisco, 

California

NA 1: Events Education

San Miguel Abalone Fishery

(Part of Channel Islands 

National Park)

San Miguel 

Island, 

California

1979 6: Archeology Commerce

Industry

*A summary of the property can be found in the Registration Requirements in “A Sampling of Properties Possibly Eligible 

for NHL Designation.”

PROPERTY NAME LOCATION

NRHP 

LIST 

YEAR

POTENTIAL

NHL CRITERIA POTENTIAL AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE