HRO Safety Culture Definition

An Integrated Approach

Jan 2010

colldm@gmail.com cell 860 227-4089
Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is a HRO?High Reliability OrganizationAn organization that operates and manages processes with the potential to adversely affect human life or the environment. Example: Nuclear Power Organization
Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture?

SafetyMaking sure that people are not harmedCultureHow we do things around hereSo the Simplest Definition of Safety Culture is:“Making sure people are not harmed is 

how we do things around here”
What is Wrong With INSAG Definition?“Safety Culture is that assembly of characteristics and attitudes i

organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an 

overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attentio

warranted by their significance.”

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?
2002 Meserve Said “Not Crisp”What kind of characteristics?What kind of attitudes?What kind of organization?What individuals?Why is attention warranted?Why are these issues significant?Quality Management:You must start a clear definition to hav

accurate objective assessment

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?
Quality Management:You must start with a clear definition to 

have accurate objective assessment

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?
Clear definition - HRO Safety CultureProfessional leadership attitudes in a High ReliaOrganization that manage potentially hazardous activities to maintain risk to people and the environment as low as reasonably achievable, thereby assuring stakeholder trust.

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?
This Definition Clarifies Six Areas:What kind of characteristics? (leadership attitudes that ensure stakeholder trust)What kind of attitudes? (professional ones)What kind of organization? (a high reliability organization)What individuals? (the organization leadership)Why is attention warranted? (managing potentially hazardous activities)Why issues significant? (involves managing the risk of harm to people, environment)

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?
Professional Dr. Zack Pate, Dr. Joe Rees INPO “Professionalism Pro

leadership attitudes Dr. Edgar Schein “Organizational Culture and Leadin a High Reliability Organization Nuclear power, Medical, Chemical e

that manage potentially hazardous activities Dr. William Corcoran “RC

to maintain risk to people and the environment Dr. James Reason “ALA

as low as reasonably achievable thereby assuring stakeholder trust. Millstone event (and many others) 

“Strategic Culture Management”

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhat is HRO Safety Culture (exactly)?

An Integrated Definition
Generic Definition Any Kind of Culture (Not specific to Nuclear Safety or HRO culture)Example

Nuclear Safety Culture“An organization’s values and behaviors—modeled by its leaders and internaby its members—that serve to make nuclear safety the overriding priority.”

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhy Not Use Existing INPO Definition?

Ice Cream Sandwich Culture

“An organization’s values and behaviors—modeled by its leaders and internamembers—that serve to make ice cream sandwiches the overriding priority.
Language and ResponsibilitiesWhy Not Use Proposed NRC Definition?
Language and ResponsibilitiesWhy Not Use Proposed NRC Definition?
Leadership Culture NexusSchein Leaders create the org culture, and if there are culture problems, it is up to the org leaders to correct them INPO safety culture is the central role of leadership INSAG safety culture flows down Into the org from the actions of senior leadership Marquardt There are only 2 ways to change culture, you canchange leaders, or you can change leadersOlivier there are always a couple of managers who just don’t “geit” the most important thing is, they cannot remain on the leadership teamEspenship to have a healthy org culture every member of the management team needs to be able to manage culture

Language and ResponsibilitiesWhy are Leaders Responsible for Culture?
Primarily responsible – NRC

Generally responsible - INPO, NEI 

Language and ResponsibilitiesWho is Responsible for Safety Culture Regulatio
Next Step

The Root Cause of Most Culture Events
INPO Human Performance“Without leadership intervention, production practices will overcome those aimed toward prevention. Production behaviors will take precedence over prevention behaviors unless there is a strong safety culturethe central focus of leadership.”

The Root Cause of Most Culture EventsDevelopment of Cost Conscious Work Environme
Leaders Create Culture

Next Step
Leaders Create CultureSafety Culture – the Central Focus of Leadership

Management is “Doing Things Right”Leadership is “Doing the Right Things”- Peter Drucker
INPO Human Performance Without leadership intervention production practices will overcaimed toward prevention. Production behaviors will take precedeprevention behaviors unless there is a strong safety culture—the of leadership. Healthy relationships between managers and workers are necesspromote a sense of wariness toward error and an intolerance towlikely situations. Wariness and intolerance are attitudes, generally from one’s beliefs about hazards in the plant.Safety and prevention behaviors do not just happen. They are vaHence, the need for leadership.”Leaders Create CultureSafety Culture – the Central Focus of Leadership
INPO Human Performance“A robust safety culture requires aggressive leadership emphasizing 

healthy relationships that promote open communication, trust, teamwork, and continuous improvement. Continuous improvement needs ongoing leadership attention to improve the plant’s resistance to events triggered by human error (defense-in-depth).Those in positions of responsibility must see themselves as leaders well as managers to create an atmosphere of open communication. Therefore, leadership is a defense.Interactions involving quality coaching and counseling will promote clear values and improve performance.”

Leaders Create CultureSafety Culture – the Central Focus of Leadership
Millstone Recovery Restart Meeting April 1999 CHAIRMAN JACKSON:Let me ask you this kind of summary question. You believe this habeen the most unprecedented recovery in the history of the 

industry. Other plants have shut down for multi-year shutdowns and 

they have had to work through a number of issues and have spent a lot of money. What has made this the most unprecedented recovery?MR. OLIVIER: In my mind there were two issues. I think the restoration of trust w

the employees I think was a significant effort. I think re-establishinthe safety conscious work environment that I think was really damaged in the past is different than any other plant that I have known, at least of the magnitude of what we had at Millstone StationCHAIRMAN JACKSON: Mr. Kenyon looks like he wants to say something.

Leaders Create CultureSafety Culture – the Central Focus of Leadership
Leaders Create CultureReestablishing a SCWE - Restoring Trust

MR. KENYON: The trust relationship that you would want to exist between employeand management had been damaged very badly, and thus the challenof re-establishing that relationship, which you can't legislate. You have earn it. MR. BOWLING: I would like to also add that we had really lost your trust as well and 

also the trust of the public, so I think from my perspective what has made this unprecedented is not only having to restore the trust of our employees but having to restore your trust and to restore the trus

the public.

As Chairman Jackson said, “what was so unprecedented about the Millstone Recovery?”
Leaders Create CultureReestablishing a SCWE - Restoring Trust

“Unprecedented” was ...how badly damaged the (trust relationship and how repaired it to the point whstakeholders universally f(not just acceptable but) “
Leaders Create CultureLet’s Play “What If ... “

2002 PLAIN DEALER – Apostolakis“For the last 20 to 25 years,” he said, “this agency has started research projects on organizational-managerial issues that werabruptly and rudely stopped because, if you do that, the argumgoes, regulations follow. So we don’t understand these issues because we never really studied them.”
Next Step

Learning to Assess Manage Regulate
Learning to Assess Manage RegulateAre You Willing to Raise a Concern?Are You Willing to Raise a Concern?“If you knew of a situation that was making appendix B complianceimpossible, would you raise this concern?” I am highly confident almost all employees would answer “yes” including the members othe pre-event Davis Besse management team.But Davis Besse managers did not address this kind of issue. Parwhat we need is to find out to assess culture if employees are afratake an ethical stand, afraid to fight (if necessary) for safety.

“Are You Willing to Raise a Concern?” Is not the right question. T

question is, if you feel management is not managing safety properwhat would you do about ?
What is trust?Trust is an expectation for future performance based on pasperformance. In the context of nuclear safety culture, it isdemonstrating to stakeholders over an extended time that you a(consistently and continually) “doing the right things”. 

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateWhat (Exactly) Are We Assessing?
Learning to Assess Manage RegulateWhat (Exactly) Are We Assessing?

NUCLEAR QUALITY ASSURANCEAbout Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance, as stated in the Code of Federal Regulations, is tprocess for performing "all those planned and systematic actions nec

provide adequate confidence that a structure, system or component wperform satisfactorily in service1." This goes well beyond the activitieNuclear Performance Assessment Department (NPAD)2. In fact, it im

QA is the way business is required to be done.

What we are assessing (exactly) is the quality of the safety cultureHere is a quote from Bill Corcoran’s “Firebird Forum”
Learning to Assess Manage RegulateWhat (Exactly) Are We Assessing?Here is another definition of safety culture from the human performance quality management perspective.

Safety Culture (Human Performance, Quality Management)A human performance based safety system requiring maintenance 

and quality management like any safety related (e.g. electromechanical based) system. NRC needs to add “Safety Culture” to the 10CFR50 Appendix B QA Topical Report so that operating organizations will dedicate the appropriate resources to maintaining safety culture quality.
Commitment To ExcellenceLeadership has to provide training, coaching, set expectations, do monitoring, reinforcement.Commitment To IntegrityIf a project is experiencing time or cost pressures you must notpunish / blame staff for having schedule or quality problems, if under normal circumstances you would investigate what was wrong and provide the extra time, training, resources needed.Commitment To RelationshipsLeadership has to treat staff with respect, fairness, humanity (work / life balance) and value reporting so staff will continue to flag (and leadership can continue to fix) problems.

MRPB Management and Regulation of Professional BehaviorA safety culture quality management approach based on the theothat the safety of operations relies on three fundamental professioleadership (EIR) behaviors. 

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?
Excellence BehaviorsCommunicates and models valuesClearly communicates expectationsFocus is on value not costEnsures training, resourcesGood problem-solver and coachPromotes open, deep org learning

Integrity BehaviorsDoes the right thing (behaves ethically)Communicates openly and honestlyMakes conservative decisionsAddresses issues promptly, properlyUses failures to learn, not punishEnsures appropriate accountability

Relationship BehavListens carefully to sWelcoming and respPromotes diversity, Does not under manCompliments more tPromotes work / life 

Trust (Culture) Management ProcessesAssessment (Schein) Corporate Culture Survival GuideQuality Management (Six Sigma) Define Measure Assess Mange RegulateCorrective Actions Process (Drucker) SMARTER Corrective Actions Program (Existing Site Program)

Fundamental and Rollup EIR Behaviors

TRUST FORMULA Trust = Observed Professional Behavior Over a Period of Time 

= [Excellence + Relationships + Integrity] / Time

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?
Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?PROCESS RELATIONSHIPS FOR MRPB CULTURE MANAGEMENT APPROACH[MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION OF PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS] 

MRPBCAP (INT OVERSIGHT) ROP (EXT OVERSIGHT)

CORRECTIONSMARTER (DRUCKER)

ASSESSMENT FOCUS GROUPS (SHEIN)

IDENTIFICATIONRAW DATA (SWIM)
1. Decision-making2. Resources3. Work control4. Work practices5. Corrective action program6. Operating experience7. Self and independent assessments8. Environment for raising safety concerns9. HIRD, preventing, detecting10.Accountability11.Continuous learning environment12.Organizational change management13.Safety policies

What About the NRC 13 Safety Culture Components???

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?
Excellence BehaviorsCommunicates and models valuesClearly communicates expectationsFocus is on value not costEnsures training, resourcesGood problem-solver and coachPromotes open, deep org learning

Integrity BehaviorsDoes the right thing (behaves ethically)Communicates openly and honestlyMakes conservative decisionsAddresses issues promptly, properlyUses failures to learn, not punishEnsures appropriate accountability

Relationship BehavListens carefully to sWelcoming and respPromotes diversity, Does not under manCompliments more tPromotes work / life 

Decision-makingSafety PoliciesContinuous learningResources

Decision-makingSafety PoliciesAccountabilitySCWEHIRD

Decision-maContinuous ResourcesSCWEHIRD

Seven are Covered by the SWIM (Survey of Worker Interactions with Managers)

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?
Six are Programs that are Audited by internal OversighOperating experienceSelf and independent assessmentsWork controlWork practicesCorrective action programOrganizational change managementAuditing these programsIs of low value in assessing / managing / regulating culture as they the “resultants” and not the “determinants” of culture. Behavio

affects the quality of these programs, these programs do not affecquality of behavior.Example there was nothing wrong with the Davis Besse CAP, it whow management was using it to defer mods essential to full appeB compliance. Not likely you will pick this up auditing the programneed to have discussions with workers. You might say “what if we large numbers of CAP items being deferred?” I would say “you wilsee this in a healthy culture”.

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective Assessment?
MRPB NumberA number providing an objective measure of site wide organizsafety culture quality. The MRPB number is calculated by subtrthe number of SRFA workers affected by weak culture managemfrom the total number of SRFA workers, and dividing by the total of SRFA workers (i.e. normalizing the result). Example:Site with 1,000 SRFA workers. SWIM results indicate a weak cultaffecting 200 SRFA workers, the MRPB number would be (1000 1000 = 0.8 = 80%. 

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateHow Do We Do an Objective ROP Assessment?
Next Step

Conclusions
ConclusionsGood Management Produces Safety

We have the necessary pieces we can beginMinimal Regulatory Compliance is high risk (not good) management in a Hare now successful safety culture management models both inside and outnuclear industry that can be used to develop a program. All the necessary there for effective assessment, management and regulation, all that is requfor NRC to pick them up and begin the “next step”.What success looks likeOver the next few years we should see an industry-wide accredited prograassessing and self-reporting (with a standard normalized objective threshoOnly when the culture (quality, health) drops below the established thresholicensee report to NRC be required. Better ROP assessmentsSite wide culture heath leadership reports for SRFAs (safety related functiowould be made available as needed for NRC to triangulate NCVs NOVs ag

evaluate whether violations have any managerial or cultural basis. 
From: Ed Schein [mailto:scheine@comcast.net] Sent: Friday, October 09, 2009 6:31 PMTo: David M Collins (Generation - 4)Subject: Re: I am doing a presentation at NRC ACRS the afternooNov 12th Thanks for your note and the various items of information which I read immediately but which I am very glad to have as I work my wfarther into this. On the use of my quotes, the one where I talk abINPO would now be out of date--they are paying attention to cultuwould not be appropriate for you to use that quote unless you put context of the past.The other thought for you to consider is that good management prsafety. When there are safety problems it usually means bad management somewhere in the system.ConclusionsGood Management Produces Safety
At some point the safety assessors have to be prepared to call the problem what it is--senior executives who care more about financesafety, middle managers who care more about productivity becausis what senior managers reward them for, and supervisors who suemployee complaints and efforts to identify safety problems becautakes too much time to look into things and to convince their bossecritical maintenance issues that may be surfacing. What makes safety culture so complicated is that we are trying to safety into badly managed companies!!! What do you think about observation? Ed ScheinConclusionsGood Management Produces Safety
2002 ACRS MeetingMR. ROSEN: I don't want to be here three years from now with another plant, XYZ plant, that's had a serious incident, maybe evan accident, whose root cause was the same kind of safety cultudeficiencies that happened at Davis-Besse.MR. APOSTOLAKIS: Yes, of course.MR. ROSEN: And that we didn't do something different. That we just saw Davis-Besse, knew what the root cause was and safety culture and said "Okay, we'll just keep doing the same regulatory stuff we have now."CHAIRMAN BONACA: Exactly. Exactly.MR. ROSEN: Because what that is is an embodiment of the commonest definition of insanity, right? Doing the same thing ovand over and expecting different results.MR. APOSTOLAKIS: I'm with you. I'm with you.

Learning to Assess Manage RegulateComment on NRC Continuing to do “Same Stuff”
Q&A
Glossary of Safety Culture TermsADRL Arrogant, Dismissive, Refuses to Listen. Characteristic LEM behaviors identified 

safety culture consultant John Beck. ADRL Management Team behaviors are toxto the development of a healthy safety culture. ADRL behaviors block developmof questioning attitude, continuous improvement, and a learning organization.

ALARA (Safety Culture Management)

As Low As Reasonably Achievable. A theory holding that full regulatory compliance (government and communitarian, NRC and INPO) is insufficient and that also correcting all reasonable safety issues identified by workers is necessto maintain operating risk ALARA (see opposing theory MRC).

CCA Culture Corrective Action. An area of culture weakness vetted by facilitated 

workgroup discussions. A CCA provides actionable information for culture remediation to the SLT.

CCWE Cost Conscious Work Environment. An environment where a strong cost focus 

appreciated and a safety focus beyond minimal regulatory compliance is denigrated.

CFA Culture Focus Area. An area of potential culture weakness identified by a culture 

survey for focused investigation. A CFA provides no actionable information for culture remediation, no conclusions should be inferred.
Glossary of Safety Culture TermsCorcoran Quote 1 Quality Assurance, as stated in the Code of Federal Regulations, is the process 

performing "all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a structure, system or component will perform satisfactorily in service." This goes well beyond the activities of the Nuclear 

Oversight Department. In fact, it implies that QA is the way business is required be done.

Davis Besse Root Cause – Failure of Internal Oversight

9/10/2002 FENOC Root Cause Analysis Report“It was determined that the root cause was that D-B’s nuclear safety values, behaviors and expectations were such that oversight was not set apart, in terms expectations and performance standards, from the balance of the station.”

Degraded Reduced in rank, reputation, esteem or valueDLIL attitude “Don’t like it then leave” attitude. Manager attitude that an employee who does 

accept an organizational (i.e. manager) decision (e.g. that a safety issue need noaddressed) must accept the decision or go work elsewhere. A manager with this attitude will take actions to encourage such an employee to leave, such as treatthe employee with contempt, or damaging the employee’s reputation in some 

manner such as fabricating evidence of poor performance (see FON).
Glossary of Safety Culture TermsDMAIC A six-sigma quality management process consisting of five steps:

Define high-level goals and the process. Measure key aspects of the process and collect relevant data. Analyze the data to assess cause-and-effect relationships. Improve or optimize the process based upon data Control to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected

DMDMR A six-sigma process (variant of DMAIC) applied to organizational (HRO) safety 

culture quality management consisting of five steps: Define safety culture quality goals, process, and performance indicators. Measure worker perceptions of leadership professional behavior in SRFAs, iden

CFAs. Analyze the CFAs and determine if the LEB perceptions are valid MRPB 

deficiencies. Manage leadership performance above a minimum SWIM level. Regulate site-wide culture performance above a minimum MRPB performance le

DPM Developing Professional Manager. A manager in a HRO that is working on 

developing (improving) professional behaviors.

Ethic Cleansing WHISTLEBLOWER ISSUES IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRYCONGRESSIONAL HRG

103-521 “The industry systematically eliminates its critics in a methodology not 

unlike ethnic cleansing 

— or a more apt description in this situation, "ethic" 

cleansing. The industry's ethic cleansing seeks to silence the voices of those 

whose only concern is nuclear safety and ethics. An individual who questions 

either the inaction of the NRC or the licensee is conveniently and viciously 

discredited, demeaned, subject to psychiatric examinations, portrayed as a radi

or a disgruntled employee, and eventually is cleansed by termination or buy-out

Ethical Attitude Concern for the impact of one's behavior on people or the environment.
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

FON Fabrication of negatives. A common type of HIRD where a DPM fabricates or 

exaggerates worker negatives with the intent of encouraging a worker to leave DLIL).

Healthy Organization Culture

Organization culture where behavior aligns with the stated desired (espoused) values.

HPM Highly Professional Manager. A manager in a HRO that ensures stakeholder tru

by managing excellence and relationships with integrity over time.

HIRD Harassment, Intimidation, Retaliation, Discrimination. Adverse actions typically 

taken against a HEA employee for engaging in a protected activity. The adversaction is typically taken by a LEM to encourage the employee to either stop the 

activity, or to leave the workgroup or company.

HRO High Reliability Organization. An organization that operates and manages 

processes that have the potential to adversely affect human life or the environExample: a nuclear power operating organization.

INPO (Managing Defenses)

The defense in depth barriers are: worker, manager, internal oversight, externaoversight. The way to manage defenses is to identify, assess and correct conditions adverse to quality in a timely manner.

Kings Afloat A nuclear industry manager attitude identified in Perin “Shouldering Risks”. [S

industry managers, especially Navy ex-officers, reenact the superior-subordinrole and brook no dissent. 

“Some industry managers still impose that requirem

and by random report some still scream and intimidate. Like captains of yore, sthink of themselves as ‘kings afloat’ ]. If this attitude continues unchallenged (subordinates) and uncorrected (by senior management) this can evolve into an 

accepted culture, can become “how we do things around here”.
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

MRPB Management and Regulation of Professional Behaviors. A safety culture quality 

management approach based on the theory that the quality of the HRO safety culture is determined by the collective professional management behaviors of thleadership team. 

MRPB Number A number providing an objective measure of a HRO (for example nuclear plant s

safety culture. After leadership SWIM survey results are vetted through the 

SMARTER process (facilitated discussions and fact finding), the MRPB number calculated by subtracting the number of SRFA workers affected by weak culture management from the total number of SRFA workers, and dividing by the total number of SRFA workers. Example: say a site has 1,000 SRFA workers. If the (vetted) survey results indicate a weak culture is affecting 200 SRFA workers, thMRPB number would be (1000 

– 200) / 1000 = 0.8 = 80%.

MRC MRC is an unproven management “brainchild” theory holding that optimal 

economics requires that those concerns of staff not associated with satisfying a 

regulator be ignored. MRC theory relies heavily on the regulator to manage risk, over time the other “defense in depth” barriers (worker, manager, internal 

oversight) may become eroded (see opposing theory ALARA).

MSM Most Senior Manager. Typically the “C” level manager in the HRO (but not 

necessarily the organization CEO). An energy company may have various types generating facilities, but the nuclear plants may be the only HROs. In nuclear pothe CNO (chief nuclear officer) is specifically responsible (primarily responsible, more responsible than any other manager including the CEO) for the quality of tculture that develops in the nuclear organization. See safety culture definition (HRO): Maintaining the quality of the safety culture in the HRO is 

... the specific 

responsibility of the MSM.
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

NSE attitude “Not Safe Enough” attitude. An employee (often HEW) attitude that indicates “I 

more concerned with safety than cost”. If a SCWE environment has been 

established, promotion and advancement opportunities are increased by this attitude (decreased if a CCWE has been established).

NTP attitude Not a Team Player. Manager attitude in a CCWE that an employee who raises saf

concerns beyond what is required by regulators is “not a team player”. NRC 

investigations at Millstone in the early 90’s showed that employees who had rais

safety concerns were being given poor performance reviews in the areas of “teamwork” and “communications”. 

Professionalism(High Reliability Organization)

An HRO employee attitude that reflects a commitment to continuous professionadevelopment, ethical practice, an understanding of and sensitivity to diversity, a

a responsible attitude toward their profession, their stakeholders, and society.

Professionalism (Medical Organization)

From Roberts “The Essential Guide to Medical Staff Reappointment “ Practition

are expected to demonstrate behaviors that reflect a commitment to continuous professional development, ethical practice, an understanding of and sensitivity diversity, and a responsible attitude toward their profession, their patients, and society.

Protected Activities In an HRO that is regulated as a matter of public policy, is unlawful for an emplo

to fire you or discriminate against you with respect to pay, benefits, or working conditions because you help the Regulator or raise a safety issue or otherwise engage in protected activities.

Realistic Conservatism

NRC Strategic Plan (NUREG-1614, Vol. 3) As the agency continues to learn from operational experience and develops more effective ways of assessing risks and using risk-informed and performance- based approaches founded in "realistic conservatism," it is better able to make appropriate safety decisions and to betteallocate resources to areas where they will have the greatest positive effect. 
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

Regulatory Relief (Congressional Philosophy)

There is a debate in congress over whether the NRC should be able to impose requirements that are unquantifiable. Some feel legislation (to be effective) must force regulatory agencies to base regulatory decisions on costs, benefits, and 

calculated risks. Therefore, as long as safety culture regulation is viewed as “unquantifiable” (it is not, it is quantifiable) it is unlikely there will ever be suffic

impetus to enact effective safety culture regulation. 

Safety Culture (High Reliability Organization)

Professional leadership attitudes in a High Reliability Organization that manage 

potentially hazardous activities such that the risk to people and the environment maintained as low as reasonably achievable, thereby ensuring the trust of all 

relevant stakeholders.

Safety Culture (INPO definition)

An organization’s values and behaviors—modeled by its leaders and internalized by it

members—that serve to make nuclear safety the overriding priority.”

Unfortunately, not a true definition because what is being defined (nuclear safetyin the definition (example) :“An organization’s values and behaviors—modeled by its leaders and internalized by 

members—that serve to make ice cream sandwiches the overriding priority.”

Safety Culture (Human Performance, Quality Management)

A human performance based safety system requiring maintenance and quality management like any other (e.g. electro-mechanical based) safety related systemNRC needs to include “Safety Culture” in the 10CFR50 Appendix B QA Topical Report so that operating organizations will dedicating the needed attention and resources to properly managing and maintaining organizational safety culture quality.

Safety Culture (Individual)

The professional attitude of individuals in a High Reliability Organization that ensures potentially hazardous activities do not harm people or the environment.
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

Safety Culture Quality Management (HRO)

Ensuring that safety culture remains ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievabas a SOE contributing or causal factor. Maintaining the quality of the safety cuis the general responsibility of the management team and the primary respons

of the most senior manager. 

Safety Culture Quality Management (Nuclear Power Organization)

Ensuring that safety culture remains ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievabas a SOE contributing or causal factor. Maintaining the quality of the safety cu

is the general responsibility of the management team and the primary respons

of the most senior manager. In a nuclear power organization, it is the shared 

primary responsibility of the most senior site manager and the Chief Nuclear O(CNO).

Safety Culture Quality Regulation (Nuclear Power)

Ensuring that safety culture remains ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievabas a SOE contributing or causal factor by ensuring that the management team appropriate actions to maintain the trust of all stakeholders. Safety Culture QuRegulation is the primary responsibility of the government regulator NRC and shared general responsibility of the communitarian regulatory INPO and the posetting organization NEI.

Safety Culture (OSHA)

An ethical attitude that helps ensure construction and maintenance activities aperformed without injury.

Schein quote 1 Leaders create culture. It may be argued that the most important thing that lea

do it to correct the culture when it is found to be misaligned

Schein quote 2 Culture change happens through clear articulation of new behavior geared to s

new value. Without stating the behavior, you're not accomplishing anything

Schein quote 3 The soft judgmental stuff that confronts people every day as reality tends not t

viewed as important or valid, yet what people do under those soft circumstancmay make the difference as to whether you have a big incident or not
Glossary of Safety Culture Terms

SCM Safety Culture Management. Managing the component of SOE risk contributed 

human performance such that it remains ALARA: As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

SCR Safety Culture Regulation. Regulating the element of SOE risk contributed by 

human performance such that it remains ALARA: As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

SCW Safety Culture Warrior. An extreme type of HEA employee that values safety ab

reputation or employment success. A SCW will continue to argue a position thorganization management team and (or) industry regulator do not support, and view as unnecessary, unreasonable, or wasteful. 

SCWE Safety Conscious Work Environment. An HRO business environment where 

employees trust that they will not be subject to HIRD for raising safety issues. true SCWE an employee exhibiting a reasonable pragmatic safety focus is appreciated and supported even when the focus exceeds minimal regulatory compliance.

SRFA Safety Related Functional Area. An area within the organization responsible fo

fulfilling requirements of 10CFR50 Appendix B 

Shooting the Messenger

(Wikipedia) Shooting the messenger" is a metaphoric phrase used to describe act of lashing out at the (blameless) bearer of bad news. To blame a problem owhoever reported it. To hold somebody accountable for a problem because he brought attention to it.

SWIM standard A pass / fail quality standard applied to SRFA managers. The standard that 

legislates (regulates) permissible behavior in a democratic society. If more tha

of a workgroup view a managerial behavior as adverse to safety, leadership corrective actions are required.