### 30589 6 

### W E Ref : 8HWM-S R ACTION MEMORANDUM

- - ENFORCEMEN T 

# FIL E

FLA N DATE : Augus t

4 , 199 5 2 , o 

### SUBJECT : Request fo r Remova l (Response ) Actio n a t th e Californi a Gulc h Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t Site

, Leadville

, Colorado : ACTIO N MEMORANDU M fo r PR P Finance d Remova l 

### Actio n a t th e Garibald i Min e Site

, Operabl e Unit 4 ( O U 4 ) 

### FROM : Sa m Vance

, 8HWM-S R T O : Robert

L

. Duprey

, Directo r Hazardou s Wast e Managemen t Divisio n Fina l NP L Sit e I D # 2 9 CERCLI S I D # COD98071793 8 

### Categor y o f Removal : Non-Tim e Critica l I

. Purpos e Thi s Actio n Memorandu m document s th e Agency' s decisio n t o conduc t th e Remova l (response ) Actio n describe d herei n fo r th e Garibald i Min e sit e portio n o f O U 4

. The Garibald i Mine sit e i s a n are a whic h ha s bee n contaminate d

b y th e min e wast e piles

, mil l tailin g an d fluvia l tailin g materia l fro m histori c minin g an d millin g operations

. Th e evaluatio n o f alternative s 

### availabl e t o addres s thi s are a ar e containe d i n th e fina l Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t

Analysi s (EE/CA ) fo r th e Garibald i Min e Sit e withi n Uppe r Californi a Gulc h Operabl e Uni t 4 , Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site

, Leadville

, Colorad o whic h is date d Jul y 1995

. Th e EE/C A wa s prepare d b y Resurrectio n Minin g Compan y ("Resurrection")

,

Denver

, Colorad o fo r a portio n o f th e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Sit e (Site ) within it s "are a o f responsibility "

a s define d b y th e Augus t 26 , 199 4 consen t decre e betwee n th e Unite d State s an d Resurrection

. The Remova l Actio n at the Garibald i Mine sit e i s consisten t wit h the overal l remedia l activitie s t o b e undertake n b y Resurrectio n a t O U 4

. A s such

, th e Remova l Actio n alternative s evaluate d i n th e EE/C A ar e considere d t o represen t interi m respons e actions , bu t th e remova l alternative s wil l als o b e evaluate d a s fina l remedia l alternative s i n th e Feasibilit y Stud y (FS ) an d Record o fCONCURRENC E COP Y Ref : 8HWM-S R ACTIO N MEMORANDUM--ENFORCEMEN

T DATE : Augus t

4 , 199 5 SUBJECT : Request fo r Remova l (Response ) Actio n a t th e Californi a Gulc h Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t Site

, Leadville

, Colorado : ACTIO N MEMORANDU

M fo r PR P Finance d Remova l Actio n a t th e Garibald i Min e Site

, Operabl e Unit 4 ( O U 4 ) FROM : Sa m Vance

, 8HWM-S R
T O : Rober

t L

. Duprey

, Directo r Hazardou s Wast e Managemen t Divisio n Fina l NP L Site I D # 2 9 CERCLI S I D # COD98071793 8 Categor y o f Removal : Non-Tim e Critica l I

. Purpos e Thi s Actio n Memorandum document s th e Agency' s decisio n t o conduc t th e Remova l (response ) Actio n describe d herei n fo r th e Garibald i Min e sit e portio n o f O U 4

. Th e Garibald i Min e sit e i s a n are a whic h ha s bee n contaminate d

b y th e min e wast e piles

, mil l tailin g an d fluvia l tailin g materia l fro m histori c minin g an d millin g operations

.

Th e evaluatio n o f alternative s availabl e t o addres s thi s are a ar e containe d i n th e fina l Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t

Analysi s (EE/CA ) fo r th e Garibald i Min e Sit e withi n Uppe r Californi a Gulc h Operabl e Uni t 4 , Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site

, Leadville

, Colorad o whic h i s date d Jul y 1995

. Th e EE/C A wa s prepare d b y Resurrectio n Minin g Compan y ("Resurrection")

,

Denver

, Colorad o fo r a portio n o f th e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Sit e (Site ) withi n it s "are a o f responsibility "

as define d b y th e Augus t 26 , 199 4 consent decre e betwee n th e Unite d State s an d Resurrection

. Th e Remova l Actio n a t th e Garibald i Min e sit e i s consisten t wit h th e overal l remedia l activitie s t o b e undertake n b y Resurrectio n a t O U 4

. A s such

, th e Remova l Actio n alternative s evaluate d i n th e EE/C A ar e considere d t o 

### represen t interi m respons e actions , bu t th e remova l alternative s wil l als o be evaluate d as fina l remedia l alternatives- n

th e Feasibilit y Stud y (FS ) an d Record o fDecisio n

(ROD ) fo r OU4

. Th e Remova l Action s ar e no t intende d t o b e fina l actions , bu t ar e rathe r intende d t o contribut e t o th e efficien t performanc e

o f th e remedial actions fo r O U 4

. Th e RO D fo r O U 4 wil l ultimatel y determin e whethe r furthe r remedia l action s ar e required

. Th e primar y goa l o f thi s remova l actio n i s t o reduc e th e ris k 

### t o the aquati c and terrestria l ecosystem s b y reducin g the releas e o f contaminate d materia l int o th e environmen t fro m th e Garibald i Min e site

. Thi s remova l actio n wil l als o reduc e th e 

### potentia l fo r leachin g an d migratio n o f metal s fro m th e min e 

### waste s int o surfac e an d ground waters

. Remedial actio n objective s wer e identifie d i n th e Fina l Screenin g Feasibilit y Stud y fo r Remediatio n Alternative s

a t t h e Californi a Gulc h NPL Site

, Leadville

, Colorad o (SFS)

, (EPA

, 1993a)

. Consisten t wit h th e SFS

, remova l actio n objective s fo r th e Garibald i Min e Sit e are : O Contro l win d and wate r erosio n o f wast e roc k materia l fro m th e source location s 

### O Contro l leachin g an d migratio n o f metal s fro m wast e roc k int o surfac e wate r 

### O contro l leachin g an d migratio n o f metal s fro m wast e roc k int o groundwate r 

### Remova l alternative s t o directl y remediat e surfac e wate r o r groun d wate r i n the vicinit y o f the Garibald i Mine sit e are beyon d th e scop e o f this EE/CA

. Consisten t wit h th e Consen t 

### Decre e an d Wor k Are a Managemen t Pla n (WAMP)

, Applicabl e o r Relevan t an d Appropriat e Requirement

s (ARARs ) specifi c t o surfac e wate r and groundwate r ar e not include d a s performanc e standard s fo r evaluatio n o f thi s respons e action

. I I

. Californi a Gulc h Sit e - Condition s an d Backgroun d 

### T h e Californi a Gulc h Sit e wa s liste d o n th e Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t o n Septembe r 8 , 1983

. Th e Sit e i s i n a minin g are a coverin g 1 6 1/ 2 squar e mile s o f a watershe d are a that drain s alon g Californi a Gulc h t o th e Arkansa s River

. Startin g i n 1859 , th e are a was mine d extensivel y fo r gold

, lead

, silver

, copper , zinc , an d manganese

. Californi a Gulc h 

### collect s runof f that drain s numerou s abandoned mine s an d waste s fro m mining , millin g an d smelting

. Seventy-fiv e

know n mill s dumpe d tailing s int o 5- 6 mile s o f drainage s an d 6 impounde d tailing s dump s surroun d th e Cit y o f Leadville

. Man y smelter s operate d a t variou s time s aroun d th e Cit y processin g silver

, lead

, and zinc

. Heav y metal residues are presen t i n 

### muc h o f th e City

. Th e Arkansa s Rive r which.receive s

wate rfro m

th e Californi a Gulch

, ha s bee n classifie d a s a recreationa l resource , an d i s use d heavil y fo r irrigation , livestoc k watering , publi c wate r supplie s an d fisheries

. Approximatel y 4,00 0 liv e i n nearb y Leadvill e an d Lake County

. 

### (Se e Sit e Locatio n Ma p - Figur e 1 )
III

. Garibald i Min e Sit e - Condition s an d Backgroun d T h e Garibald i Min e sit e (Se e Figur e 2 ) is locate d nea r th e headwater s o f Californi a Gulch

. Th e Garibald i Min e sit e i s locate d approximatel

y thre e mile s southeas t o f th e Cit y o f Leadvill e an d i s par t o f Operabl e Unit 4 (O U 4 ) o f th e Site

. OU- 4 i s define d a s the are a hydrologicall

y draine d b y Californi a Gulc h fro m immediatel y upstrea m o f th e Ya k Porta l t o th e headwater s o f th e gulch

. Prominen t feature s a t th e Garibald i Min e sit e includ e a wast e roc k pil e coverin g a n are a o f approximatel

y 1. 6 acre s and a collapse d min e portal

. A stea m engin e an d othe r minin g remain s ar e locate d adjacen t t o th e collapse d portal

. Run-on diversio n channel s hav e bee n constructe d b y th e Resurrection/ASARC O

Join t Ventur e aroun d th e wast e roc k pile

. I n additional

, a portio n o f th e tunnel discharg e i s currentl y diverte d aroun d th e pile

. Sampling o f surfac e water , groundwate r an d strea m sediment s indicate s that minin g activitie s ma y hav e produce d aci d min e drainag e and heav y metal contamination s

whic h hav e impacte d thes e media

. Remedia l investigatio n

activitie s identifie d fluvia l tailin g an d wast e roc k pile s as area s potentiall y requirin g remedia l actio n withi n O U 4

. B

. Othe r Action s t o Dat e I n 1990/1991

, Resurrection/ASARC O

Join t Ventur e constructe d run-o n diversio n channel s aroun d th e wast e roc k pil e an d a porta l discharg e diversion

. Also

, th e dir t roa d abov e the Garibald i tunnel porta l wa s 

### reconstructe d t o conve y stor m wate r o n th e uphil l par t (nort h side ) o f th e roa d instea d o f allowin g th e wate r t o flo w acros s th e roa d an d downhil l int o th e min e wast e roc k area

. Th e ditche s wer e designe d fo r a 25-year , 6 hou r stor m event

. C

. State an d Loca l Authorities Role s O Th e EE/C A was issue d fo r publi c commen t an d a 

### publi c hearin g wa s hel d t o discus s thi s Remova l 

### Action

. N o substantiv e comment s wer e received

.O

Cultura l Resource s Concern : O n Jun e 29, 199 5 t h e Stat e Histori c Preservatio n

Office r (SHPO ) commente d t o EP A o n th e histori c significanc e

o f Sit e 5LK805

. A t tha t time , SHP O confirme d tha t th e 

### resourc e di d not contribut e t o an y propose d expansio n o f th e Leadvill e Nationa l Histori c Landmar k District

. SHP O furthe r determine d that 

### EE/C A alternative s A and B woul d hav e no effec t on t h e qualitie s o f significanc e o f th e Leadvill e Minin g Distric t withi n whic h th e Garibald i Min e Sit e i s located

. Sinc e thi s actio n utilize s activitie s 

### onl y within alternative s A an d B

, n o impac t t o cultura l resource s wil l result

. O Cit y o f Leadville : EP A ha s notifie d th e citizen s o f 

### Leadvill e b y th e releas e o f an d acceptanc e o f publi c commen t o n the Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t

Analysi s (EE/CA ) concernin g thi s remova l action

. Unde r CERCL A § 121(e)

, n o Stat e o r loca l permit s ar e required fo r th e excavatio n sinc e thi s i s a n on-sit e actio n conducte d pursuan t t o CERCL A Section s 10 4 an d 122

. 

### I V

. Threat s t o Publi c Healt h o r Welfar e o r th e Environment

, an d Statutor y an d Regulatory Authoritie s A Draf t Fina l Baselin e Aquati c Ecolog y Ris k Assessmen t (DFBAERA)

,

Californi a Gulch

, Leadville

, Colorad o (Ro y F

. Weston

, Inc

. [WESTON]

,

1994 ) identifie s th e Site-wid e impac t 

### o f min e wast e contaminatio n

on the terrestria l and aquati c ecosystems a t th e Site

. Th e DFBAER A

provide s a conceptua l mode l o f Site-wid e exposur e fo r aquati c receptors

. Seep s an d min e porta l discharg e contai n lo w p H an d elevate d metals

. Min e wast e contains lead

, arseni c an d zinc

. Leachat e i s highl y acidi c an d ha s elevate d level s o f zinc , cadmium

, iron , lea d an d sulfate

. Thi s leachat e i s simila r t o see p wate r collecte d a t th e to e o f wast e roc k pil e an d downstrea m in Californi a Gulch

.V

. Endangermen t

Determinatio n 

### Actua l and/o r threatene d release s o f hazardou s substance s fro m th e Garibald i Min e site , i f no t addresse d b y implementin g th e remova l actio n selecte d i n thi s Actio n Memorandum

, ma y 

### presen t a n endangermen t t o publi c health

, o r welfare

, o r the environment

. V I

. Propose d Actions/Performanc e

Standards/Estimate d

Cost s A

. Propose d Action s (Se e Drawin g No

. 3 )
1

. Fou r channel s woul d b e constructe d (approximatel

y 1,96 0 feet)

. Diversio n Ditc h 1 , locate d alon g th e 

### souther n edg e o f th e wast e pil e woul d diver t runof f

aroun d th e wast e roc k pil e an d int o Diversio n Ditc h 2

. Ditc h 1 woul d not b e lined

. Diversio n Ditc h 2 , locate d alon g th e northeas t edg e o f th e wast e roc k pile

, woul d diver t runof f fro m Diversio n 

### Ditc h 1 and the easter n strea m channe l aroun d the wast e roc k pil e t o Diversio n Ditc h 4

. Diversio n Ditc h 2 woul d b e route d through a 36-inc h culver t 

### under th e existin g acces s road

. I n addition

, drainag e fro m th e existin g collapse d porta l an d fro m th e easter n groundwate r intercepto r trenc h 

### (discusse d furthe r below ) woul d b e route d throug h Diversio n Ditc h 2

. Diversio n Ditche s 2 and 4 woul d be concret e lined

. Diversio n Ditc h 3, locate d alon g the existin g acces s roa d northeas t o f the wast e roc k pile

, woul d diver t runof f alon g th e northeas t en d o f th e pil e t o Diversio n Ditc h 4

. Diversio n Ditc h 3 woul d b e line d wit h ri p rap

. Diversio n Ditc h 4 , locate d alon g th e existin g acces s roa d o n th e nort h sid e o f th e wast e roc k pile

, woul d collec t runof f fro m Diversio n Ditche s 2 and 3 and the nort h strea m channel

, an d rout e th e flo w aroun d th e pil e t o th e natural strea m bed

. Diversio n ditc h 4 woul d als o 

### conve y flo w fro m th e norther n groundwate r intercepto r trenc h (discusse d furthe r below)

. Tw o 36-inch culvert s woul d b e installe d i n th e uppe r portio n o f Diversio n Ditc h 4 t o rout e th e runof f unde r th e existin g acces s rod

. A 48-inc h culver t woul d b e place d a t th e en d o f Diversio n Ditc h 4 t o 

### conve y th e runof f bac k unde r th e existin g acces s 

### roa d an d dow n the stee p slop e t o the natura l drainage

. A n energ y dissipate r woul d b e require d a t th e en d o f th e 48-inc h culvert

.2

.

Two groundwate r intercepto r trenche s woul d b e 

### constructed

, a s show n i n Drawin g 3

. Th e groundwate r intercepto r trenc h fo r th e easter n channe l woul d diver t flo w int o Diversio n Ditc h 2

. Th e groundwate r 

### intercepto r trenc h fo r th e norther n strea m channe l woul d diver t flo w int o Diversio n Ditc h 4

. Th e intercepto r trenche s woul d be approximatel

y 3 fee t 

### wid e an d approximatel y 1 0 fee t deep

, dow n t o bedrock

. Th e trenches woul d consis t o f a grave l drai n back-line d wit h a high densit y polyethylen e 

### (HOPE ) liner

. A filte r fabri c woul d b e installe d

aroun d th e clea n gravel t o reduc e siltatio n an d 

### clogging

. A perforate d PV C pip e woul d be connecte d t o a soli d PV C pip e whic h woul d ti e int o th e diversio n channels

, a s show n o n Drawin g 3

. Th e intercepto r trenc h woul d b e keyed int o bedrock

, a s 

### condition s allow

. 3

. Bes t Managemen t Practice s (BMPs ) woul d be utilize d durin g al l constructio n

activitie s a t th e Garibald i Min e site

. Temporar y sedimen t contro l structures , 

### includin g placemen t o f stra w bales

, sedimen t contro l fences

, o r smal l berm s woul d b e utilize d t o contro l sediment runof f fro m th e area , I n addition

, dus t control

, (includin g th e us e o f a wate r truck ) woul d b e practice d durin g construction

. 

### B

. Applicabl e o r Relevan t an d Appropriat e Requirement

s (ARARs ) 

### ARAR s ar e identifie d in Appendi x F o f th e EE/CA

. They wil l b e me t b y implementin g th e Performanc e Standard s identifie d in Sectio n C

. 1

. Chemica l Specifi c ARARs - Chemical-specifi c

requirement

s are based on 

### healt h o r risk-base d concentratio n

limit s o r discharg e limitation s i n environmenta l

medi a (i.e

. 

### water , air ) fo r specifi c hazardous chemicals

. Thes e ma y b e use d t o se t cleanu p level s fo r chemical s o f



### concer n (i n thi s case , metals ) i n th e designate d media

, o r t o se t a saf e level o f discharg e (e.g

. wast e wate r discharge

, takin g int o accoun t wate r 

### qualit y standards ) wher e a discharg e occur s a s par t
o f th e remova l activity

.2

.

Actio n Specifi c ARAR s - 2. 1 Clea n Air Ac t 

### 2 . 2 Clea n Wate r Ac t - Nationa l Pollutan t Discharg e Eliminatio n Syste m 2 . 3 Colorad

o Ai r Qualit y Ac t 2. 4 Colorad o Mine d Land Reclamatio n Ac t 2 . 5 Colorad

o Nois e Abatemen t Ac t

3 Locatio n Specifi c ARARs - 3 . 1 Nationa l Histori c Preservatio n

Ac t (Se e Stat e an d Loca l Authoritie s Section )
3 . 2 Clea n Wate r Ac t (Sectio n 404 )
3 . 3 Fis h an d Wildlif e Coordinatio n

Ac t 3. 4 Executiv e Order 1198 8 on the Protectio n o f Floodplain s 3. 5 Executiv e Order 1199 0 o n the Protectio n o f 

### Wetland s C

. Performanc e Standard s 

### Th e ARARs ar e bein g me t through th e Performanc e 

### Standards

. Performanc e

Standard s shal l b e attaine d consisten t wit h ARARs an d EP A approve d remova l action

. T h e Performanc e Standard s ar e describe d below : 1

. Th e respons e actio n a s designe d an d constructe d 

### shal l includ e provision s t o ensur e tha t ther e are n o visibl e emissions (dust ) fro m th e Garibald i Min e sit e durin g an d following constructio n

o f th e 

### remova l action

. 

### 2

. The respons e actio n a s designe d and constructe d shal l includ e provision s t o ensur e tha t ther e i s no erosio n o f th e tailing s material s o r sediment s du e 

### t o rai n o r sno w melt

.3

.

Th e desig n shal l contai n requirement

s t o ensur e tha t erosion , run-on , an d run-of f ar e prevente d an d t o ensur e slop e stability

. Rain

, floo d an d sno w 

### mel t shal l no t b e allowe d t o run ont o or fro m th e tailing s area

. Al l slope s shal l b e grade d t o b e permanentl y stable

. 4

. A long-ter m maintenanc e

progra m ma y b e implemented

, i f require d b y th e fina l RO D for O U 4, t o ensur e th e 

### long-ter m effectivenes s

o f thi s respons e action

. D

. Projec t Schedul e 

### T h e Projec t Schedul e wil l be documente d i n th e EPA-approve d remova l actio n Work Plans

. Th e constructio n o f thi s remova l actio n shoul d b e complete d b y Novembe r 1995

. Upo n completio n o f constructio n

o f th e remova l 

### actio n an d attainmen t o f th e Performanc e Standards

, long

ter m maintenanc e an d monitorin g wil l b e initiated

, i f necessary

. E

. Estimate d Cost s A s provide d i n th e fina l Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t Analysis

, Fina l Revisio n date d Jul y 1995 , th e estimate d
cost fo r th e remova l actio n describe d i s $219,379

. Th e 

### estimate d cost o f long-ter m maintenanc e an d monitorin g fo r a 3 0 yea r perio d i s n o know n a t thi s time

. VII

. Expecte d Chang e i n th e Situatio n Shoul d Actio n B e Delaye d o r N o t Take n Shoul d thi s remova l actio n b e delayed

, o r not take n at all

, a potentia l ris k o f exposur e t o heav y metal s containe d i n th e min e waste , groundwate r

an d surfac e wate r wil l continu e t o exist

. VIII

. Outstandin g Polic y Issue s 

### A Recor d o f Decisio n wil l b e issue d fo r O U 4 o f the Sit e selectin g th e fina l remedial actio n fo r th e Garibald i Min e sit e portio n o f th e Site

. I.

. Enforcemen t Resurrectio n Minin g Compan y i s th e part y that ha s agree d t o 

### implemen t respons e action s fo r th e O U 4 portion s o f th e Site

.X

. R e commendat i o n Thi s decisio n documen t represent s th e selecte d Remova l Actio n 

### f o r a portio n o f O U 4 o f th e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site

, i n th e Cit y o f Leadville

, Count y o f Lake

, State o f Colorado

. I t wa s develope d i n accordanc e wit h CERCLA

, a s amended

, an d i s no t inconsisten t

wit h th e NCP

. Thi s decisio n i s based o n th e Administrativ e Record fo r th e Site

. Condition s a t th e Garibald i Min e sit e mee t th e NC P Sectio n 300.415(b)(2 ) criteri a fo r a remova l an d I recommen d approva l

o f th e propose d remova l action

. APPROJZA L
Rober t L

. Dupr g 

### Hazardou s Waj5r£e

x 

### Manad;em'en t Divisio n DISAPPROVA L
Rober t L

. Duprey

, Directo r 

### Hazardou s Wast e Management Divisio n• T

NOT

TO SCALE 

### CALIFORNIA GULCH SUPERFUND SITE

Project No.: 664-0100 File: RESWLOC.DWG Design

By: J.RAY Drtiuin By: K.CONRATH RESURRECTIO N

MININ G COMPAN Y O N E UNITE D BAN K CENTE R 170 0 LINCOL N STREET DENVER

, COLORAD O 6020 3 Scale: N/A

Date.: JUNE 1995 

### FIGURE 1 

### CALIFORNIA

GULCH SITE 

## GENERAL LOCATION

### GARIBALDI MINE SITE (Refe r T o Drawin g 1 Fo r Details) sex;/. £ 0 2.500'5,000' SCAL E r.

-s.ooo

### LEGEND V OPERABL E UNI T 4 C GA IG SURFAC E WATE R MONITORIN G LOCATIO N Project

No.; 884-O1OO File: OU-AREA4.DWG Design

By: J.HAY Drawn By: T.LEVtCH RESURRECTIO N

MININ G COMPAN Y O N E UNITE D BAN K CENTE R 170 0 LV4COL N STREE T DENVER

, COLORAD O tOXX Scale: r

* sooo- Date: JUNE 1995 

### FIGURE 2 

### GARIBALDI

MINE SITE EE/CA 

## OPERABLE UNIT 4

### LEGEND

CLEA N GRAVEL

- HOP E LINE R

- DIVERSIO N 01TC H LIMI T O F WAST E ROC K CULVER T PORTA L ACCES S ROA D GROUNOWATE R

TRENC H PIP E FLO W DIRECTIO N ENERGY DISSIPATO R

SLOTTE D PV C PIP E Note : IWItl B e Keye d Into Bedroc k A s Condition s Allow )

INTERCEPTOR TRENCH

FREEBOAR D i 0.3

TYPICAL UNLINED CHANNEL CONTCU R INltRVAl

DRAWIN G No

. WHER E

- DETAIL/SECTIO N I S REFERENCE D 1

—

— DRAWIN G N o WHE" E DETAiL/SECnO K I S SHOW N

DIVERS/ON DITCH SCHEDULE
DITC H

1 2 3 A UPPE R
4 LOWE R PEA

K DISCHARG E (CFS I
0. 4 23. 0 11. 0 39. 0 62. 0 SID E SLOP E

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