EX-4.20




 Exhibit 4.20 

DESCRIPTION OF GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS, INC. CAPITAL STOCK 

As of March 31, 2021, Galectin Therapeutics, Inc. had common stock, $0.001 par value per share, registered under Section 12 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the trading symbol “GALT”. 
 The
following description of our common stock is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, including the Certificates of Designations
included therein (the “Articles of Incorporation”) and our amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), each of which is incorporated herein by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form
10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part. We encourage you to read our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws and the applicable provisions of Chapter 78 of
Nevada Revised Statutes for additional information. 
 Authorized Capital Stock 

Our articles of incorporation provide that we are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and
20,000,000 undesignated shares, par value $0.01 per share. 
 Common Stock 

Voting Rights 
 The holders of our common
stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including, without limitation, the election of our board of directors. Our stockholders have no right to cumulate their votes in the
election of directors.  
 Dividend Rights 

Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of our common stock are entitled to
receive ratably those dividends declared from time to time by the board of directors. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the
foreseeable future. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend
upon, among other factors, our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. 

Liquidation Rights 
 Subject to
preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock, pari passu with the holders, if any, of Common Stock (Class W) are entitled to
share ratably in assets remaining after payment of liabilities. 
 Other 

The Company also designated 12,748,500 shares as Common Stock—Class W, but none of such shares has ever been issued. Holders of our
common stock have no preemptive rights, and no right to convert their common stock into any other securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are fully
paid and non-assessable. 











 Anti-Takeover Provisions Under Nevada Law. 

Combinations with Interested Stockholder. 

Sections 78.411-78.444, inclusive, of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) contain provisions
governing “combinations” with an interested stockholder. For purposes of the NRS, “combinations” include: (i) any merger or consolidation with any interested stockholder, (ii) any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage,
pledge, transfer or other disposition to any interested stockholder of assets with an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of the corporation’s consolidated assets, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the
corporation or 10% or more of the earning power or net income of the corporation, (iii) the issuance to any interested stockholder of voting shares (except pursuant to a share dividend or similar proportionate distribution) with an aggregate
market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares of the corporation, (iv) the dissolution of the corporation if proposed by or on behalf of any interested stockholder, (v) any reclassification of
securities, recapitalization or corporate reorganization that will have the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the corporation’s outstanding voting shares held by any interested stockholder and (vi) any receipt by the
interested stockholder of the benefit (except proportionately as a stockholder) of any loan, advance, guarantee, pledge or other financial assistance. For purposes of the NRS, an “interested stockholder” is defined to include any
beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of the voting securities of a Nevada corporation and any person who is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was at any time during the preceding three years the beneficial owner or more than
10% of any class of the voting securities of the Nevada corporation. 
 Subject to certain exceptions, the provisions of the NRS governing
combinations with interested stockholders provide that a Nevada corporation may not engage in a combination with an interested stockholder for two years after the date that the person first became an interested stockholder unless the combination or
the transaction by which the person first became an interested stockholder is approved by the board of directors before the person first became an interested stockholder. 

Control Share Acquisitions 
 The NRS also
contains a “control share acquisitions statute.” If applicable to a Nevada corporation this statute restricts the voting rights of certain stockholders referred to as “acquiring persons,” that acquire or offer to acquire
ownership of a “controlling interest” in the outstanding voting stock of an “issuing corporation.” For purposes of these provisions a “controlling interest” means with certain exceptions the ownership of outstanding
voting stock sufficient to enable the acquiring person to exercise one-fifth or more but less than one-third, one-third or more
but less than a majority, or a majority or more of all voting power in the election of directors and “issuing corporation” means a Nevada corporation that has 200 or more stockholders of record, at least 100 of whom have addresses in
Nevada appearing on the stock ledger of the corporation, and which does business in Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation. The voting rights of an acquiring person in the affected shares will be restored only if such restoration is
approved by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the corporation. The NRS allows a corporation to “opt-out” of the control share acquisitions statute by providing in such
corporation’s articles of incorporation or bylaws that the control share acquisitions statute does not apply to the corporation or to an acquisition of a controlling interest specifically by types of existing or future stockholders, whether or
not identified. 
 Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws 

No Cumulative Voting. 
 Holders of our
common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors, meaning that stockholders owning a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock will be able to elect all of our directors. Where cumulative voting is
permitted in the election of directors, each share is entitled to as many votes as there are directors to be elected and each shareholder may cast all of its votes for a single director nominee or distribute them among two or more director nominees.
Thus, cumulative voting makes it easier for a minority shareholder to elect a director. 











 Authorized But Unissued Shares 

Our articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of capital stock including 20,000,000 authorized undesignated shares (all have been
designated as of December 31, 2020), and empowers our board of directors to prescribe, by resolution and without stockholder approval, a class or series of undesignated shares, including the number of shares in the class or series and the
voting powers, designations, rights, preferences, restrictions and the relative rights in each such class or series. Accordingly, we may designate and issue additional shares or series of preferred stock that would rank senior to the shares of
common stock as to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, winding-up, or dissolution. One of the effects of undesignated preferred stock may be to enable the board to render more difficult or to
discourage a third party’s attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a tender offer, proxy contest, merger, or otherwise. The issuance of shares of preferred stock also may discourage a party from making a bid for the common stock
because the issuance may adversely affect the rights of the holders of common stock. For example, preferred stock that we issue may rank prior to the common stock as to dividend rights, liquidation preference, or both, may have special voting rights
and may be convertible into shares of common stock. Accordingly, the issuance of shares of preferred stock may discourage bids for our common stock or may otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock.