Exhibit 10.3


 


SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT


 


This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this “Agreement”), dated as of June 2, 2021, is by between TIAN RUIXIANG Holdings Ltd, a company organized under the
laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including
its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).


 


WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the “Securities Act”) as to the Units, Shares and the Ordinary Warrants, the Company desires to issue and sell to
each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more
fully described in this Agreement.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:


 


ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS


 


1.1           Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this Section 1.1:


 


“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.


 


“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).


 


“Additional
Closing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.4.


 


“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.


 


“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Business
Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed, provided that banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or obligated to be closed due to a “shelter
in place,” “non-essential employee” or similar closure of physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental
authority if such banks’ electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) are open for use by customers on such
day.


 


“CFTC”
means the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission.


 


“Closing”
means the individual and collective reference to the Initial Closing and each subsequent closing on or before the Final Closing Date with
one or more Purchasers of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.


 






     


     


    

 


“Closing
Date” means the Initial Closing Date, the date of each Additional Closing and the Final Closing Date.


 


“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Company
Cayman Islands Counsel” means Harney Westwood & Riegels.


 


“Company
PRC Counsel” means Beijing Jingshi Law Firm.


 


“Company
U.S. Counsel” means Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC.


 


“Control”
(including the terms “Controlled by” and “under common Control with”) means the possession, directly
or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership
of voting securities, as trustee or executor, by contract or otherwise, including the ownership, directly or indirectly, of securities
having the power to elect a majority of the board of directors or similar body governing the affairs of such person or securities that
represent a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such person.


 


“Disclosure
Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and
before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight
(New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof,
unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.


 


“DVP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.


 


“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).


 


“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 






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“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Ordinary Shares or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to
any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority
of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities
upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder pursuant to the Initial Closing or subsequent Closing(s),
and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on the date of this
Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities
or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or
combinations) or to extend the term of such securities, (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved
by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities”
(as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection
therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.11(a) herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to
the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business
synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds,
but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity
whose primary business is investing in securities, and (d) the Additional Units Allocation in accordance with Section 2.4 below.


 


“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.


 


“Final
Closing Date” shall mean that date which shall be the earlier of (a) completion of the sale of all Securities in the Offering
and (b) the expiration of the Offering Period under the Placement Agency Agreement.


 


“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).


 


“Initial
Closing” shall mean the Closing of the sale of Securities on the Initial Closing Date.


 


“Initial
Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s
obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second Trading Day
following the date of this Agreement.


 


“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).


 


“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.


 


“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).


 


“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).


 


“Offering”
shall mean the offering of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement and the Registration Statement.


 


“Ordinary
Share(s)” means the Class A ordinary shares of the Company, par value US$0.001 per share, and any other class of securities
into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.


 






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“Ordinary
Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred shares, right, option, warrant or other instrument that
is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.


 


“Ordinary
Warrants” means, collectively, the Ordinary Share purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at each Closing in accordance
with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Ordinary Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years,
in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.


 


“Ordinary
Warrant Shares” means the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Ordinary Warrants.


 


“Per Unit
Purchase Price” equals $7.50 subject to adjustment for reverse and forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations
and other similar transactions of Ordinary Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.


 


“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint share company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.


 


“Placement
Agency Agreement” means the Placement Agency Agreement by and between the Company and the Placement Agent dated as of June 2,
2021, as it may be amended from time to time.


 


“Placement
Agent” means Univest Securities, LLC.


 


“Preliminary
Prospectus” means the preliminary prospectus dated June 2, 2021, filed with the Commission.


 


“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.


 


“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.


 


“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.


 


“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement on Form F-1 filed with Commission (File No. 333-256574) which registers
the sale of the Units, the Shares, the Ordinary Warrants, and the Ordinary Warrant Shares to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement.


 


“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).


 






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“Rule 144”
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.


 


“Rule 424”
means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.


 


“Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Securities, which was
filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the
Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.


 


“SEC Reports”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Securities”
means the Units, the Shares, the Ordinary Warrants and the Ordinary Warrant Shares.


 


“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Shares”
means the Ordinary Shares included in the Units, which are issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.


 


“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be
deemed to include locating and/or borrowing Ordinary Shares).


 


“Subscription
Amount” means the Unit Subscription Amount in accordance with the terms of Section 2.1 of this Agreement.


 


“Subsidiary”
of any person means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint stock company, joint venture or other organization
or entity, whether incorporated or unincorporated, which is Controlled by such Person, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct
or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date of this Agreement.


 


“Sullivan”
means Sullivan & Worcester LLP, with offices located at 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.


 


“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.


 


“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the
date in question: the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, or
the NYSE American (or any successors to any of the foregoing).


 






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“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Ordinary Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents
or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Transfer
Agent” means Transhare Corporation, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of Bayside Center 1, 17755
North US Highway 19 Suite 140 Clearwater, FL 33764, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.


 


“Units”
means the units being offered by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, each unit being comprised of one Ordinary Share and
one Ordinary Warrant to purchase one-half of one Ordinary Share.


 


“Variable
Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).


 


“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of an Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which an Ordinary Shares is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from
9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted
average price of an Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTCQB or OTCQX, (c) if Ordinary Shares s are
not then listed or quoted for trading on the OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for Ordinary Shares s are then reported in the “Pink Sheets”
published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent
bid price per share of an Ordinary Shares so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Shares as determined
by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and
reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.


 






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ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE


 


2.1            Closing. On each Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell,
and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of 4,800,000 Units, each Unit consisting of one Ordinary
Share and one Ordinary Warrant, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a). Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, each Purchaser
shall deliver, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to its Subscription Amount pursuant to Section 2.2(b)(ii), and the
Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Units consisting of Shares and Ordinary Warrants (as applicable to each Purchaser),
as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable
at each Closing. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser
shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) settlement with the Company or its designee.
The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and Warrants as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company
and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants
and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, each Closing shall occur at the offices of Sullivan or such other location as the parties
shall mutually agree. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via DVP (i.e., on the Closing
Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly
to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly
electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing
firm) by wire transfer to the Company). At each Closing, the Company shall deliver a Warrant registered in the name of each Purchaser
to purchase up to an aggregate number of Ordinary Shares equal to 100% of the aggregate number of such Purchaser’s Shares purchased
pursuant to the Offering. The Company covenants that, if the Purchaser delivers a Notice of Exercise (as defined in the Ordinary Warrants)
no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on a Closing Date to exercise Ordinary Warrants between the date hereof and such Closing
Date, the Company shall deliver Ordinary Warrant Shares to the Purchaser on such Closing Date in connection with such Notice of Exercise;
provided that the Purchasers must deliver payment of the Exercise Price (as defined in the Ordinary Warrants) at or prior to such Closing.


 


Following the Initial Closing, the Company and
the Placement Agent may hold Additional Closings up to and including the Final Closing Date for all or any portion of the remaining amount
of the Offering not sold at the time of the Initial Closing or any Additional Closing; provided, however, that such Additional Closings
must occur no later than the Final Closing Date.


 


2.2            Deliveries.


 


(a)           Subject to Section 5.21 below, as applicable, on or prior to each Closing, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to
each of the Purchasers, as directed by the Placement Agent, the following:


 


(i)            this Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 


(ii)           legal opinions of (1) Company Cayman Islands Counsel, (2) Company PRC Counsel, and (3) Company U.S Counsel, each addressed to the
Placement Agent and the Purchasers and in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and Purchasers;


 


(iii)          subject
to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver
on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal
to such Purchaser’s Unit Subscription Amount divided by the Per Unit Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;


 






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(iv)          an Ordinary Warrant registered in the name of each Purchaser to purchase up to an aggregate number of Ordinary Shares equal to
100% of the Units sold to such Purchaser, with an exercise price equal to $8.00 per Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment therein (such
Ordinary Warrant certificate may be delivered within five Trading Days of each Closing Date); and


 


(v)           the
Prospectus (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).


 


		(b)	On or prior to each Closing, each Purchaser shall deliver
or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:





 


(i)            
this Agreement duly executed by each Purchaser; and


 


(ii)           such Purchaser’s purchase price as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available
for DVP settlement with the Placement Agent or its designee. 


 


2.3           Closing Conditions.


 


(a)           Subject
to Section 5.21 below, as applicable, the obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with each Closing are subject to the following
conditions being met:


 


(i)            the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, in all respects) on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless
as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)            all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have
been performed; and


 


(iii)          the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.


 


(b)           Subject to Section 5.21 below, as applicable, the respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with each Closing
are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)            the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on such Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 






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(ii)           all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date shall have been
performed;


 


(iii)          the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;


 


(iv)          there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date of this Agreement and to such Closing Date; and


 


(v)           the
Ordinary Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Trading Market, subject to official notice of issuance, and from the date
of this Agreement to such Closing Date, trading in the Ordinary Shares shall not have been suspended by the Commission or any Trading
Market, and, at any time prior to such Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been
suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on
any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall
there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Units at such Closing.


 


(vi)            
no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued
under the Securities Act.


 


2.4           Additional
Units Allocation. The Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that each Purchaser, severally, has the right to elect to purchase up
to 140% of the number of Units (the “Additional Units Allocation”) each Purchaser purchased at the Initial Closing
on or before 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the Final Closing Date (the “Additional Units Allocation Period”) at the Per
Unit Purchase Price by delivery of one or more written notices (each, an “Additional Units Allocation Election Notice”)
to the Company during such Additional Units Allocation Period (each, an “Additional Closing”). Each Purchaser hereby
acknowledges and agrees that the Company and the Placement Agent have a one-time right to agree in their sole discretion and in writing
to extend the Offering Period for an additional 15 calendar days as set forth in the Placement Agency Agreement. Each Additional Closing
shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day after such applicable Additional Units Allocation Election Notice and, subject to Section
5.21 below, as applicable, in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.3 hereof (with “Additional Closing” replacing “Closing”
therein with respect thereto); provided, however that the Final Closing shall occur on or prior to the Final Closing Date.


 


ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES


 


3.1           Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to
each Purchaser as of the date hereof and on each Closing Date (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate
as of such date):


 






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(a)           Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect principal subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports. Except
as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of
each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly
issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company
has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.


 


(b)          Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and, if applicable under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of
its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its
business as currently conducted. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries has all necessary authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses,
certificates and permits of and from all governmental regulatory officials and bodies that it needs as of the date of this Agreement
to conduct its business purpose in all material respects as described in the Registration Statement and SEC Reports and to own or lease
its properties. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate
or articles of incorporation or association, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries
is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which
the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified
or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the
legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets,
business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material
adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction
Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such
jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.


 






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(c)           Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations
hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part
of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s shareholders in connection
herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms
hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and
other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the
availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 


(d)           No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents
to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Units and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles
of incorporation or association, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or
an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties
or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument
(evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental
authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any
property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could
not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(e)            Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in
connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required
pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (iii) application(s) to each applicable
Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and the Ordinary Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby
and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).


 






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(f)            Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with
the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed
by the Company. The Ordinary Warrants are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction
Documents, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their
terms. The Ordinary Warrant Shares are duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Ordinary Warrants, will be
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly
authorized capital share the maximum number of Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Ordinary Warrants. The Company
has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on
June 2, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have
been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing
or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company,
are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with
the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date
of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material
respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Preliminary
Prospectus the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements
of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.


 


(g)           Capitalization. The equity capitalization of the Company is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g). The Company has not
issued any capital stock since its most recently filed Form 20-F. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of
participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth
in the SEC Reports and as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights
to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents
or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary
is or may become bound to issue additional Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance
and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or other
securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the
exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the
Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or
arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The
Company does not have any share appreciation rights or “phantom share” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have
been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws where applicable, and none of such outstanding shares was issued
in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Except for the Required Approvals, no
further approval or authorization of any shareholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities.
There are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock
to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s shareholders.


 






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(h)           SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof and the registration
statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-256574), for the one year preceding the date of this Agreement (or such shorter period as the Company
was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated
by reference therein, together with the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on
a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of
any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities
Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities
Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements
and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have
been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods
involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except
that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial
position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows
for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.


 






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(i)            Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date of this Agreement,
(i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s
financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of
accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its shareholders or purchased,
redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities
to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company share option plans. The Company does not have pending before
the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement
or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or
is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties,
operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the
time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one (1) Trading Day prior to the date that
this representation is made.


 


(j)            Litigation. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or
investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their
respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state,
county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity
or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof,
is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim
of breach of fiduciary duty, which could result in a Material Adverse Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company,
there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer
of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement
filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.


 


(k)           Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees
of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that
their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary,
is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary
information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third
party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability
with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and
foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours,
except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.


 






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(l)            Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred
that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under),
nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound
(whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator
or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational
health and safety, transaction in digital assets or currencies (e.g. bitcoin), product quality and safety and employment and labor matters,
except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(m)          Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the
appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the
SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect
(“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to
the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.


 


(n)           Title
to Assets. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple
to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business
of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value
of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries
and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance
with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease
by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries
are in compliance in all material respects.


 






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(o)           Intellectual Property. Except as disclosed in SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use,
all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights,
licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses
as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual
Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any
of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned,
within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports,
a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of
any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company,
all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and
value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(p)           Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such
losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged,
except that the Company does not maintain any director and officer insurance policy. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason
to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage
from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.


 


(q)           Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary
and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction
with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement
or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from,
providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or
such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including share option agreements under any share option plan of the Company.


 






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(r)             Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance with any and all applicable requirements
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date of this Agreement and applicable to the Company and the Subsidiaries,
and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date of this Agreement
and as of the Closing Date and applicable to the Company and the Subsidiaries. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and
the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed
in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation
of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance
with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing
assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have
established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries
and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the
Commission’s rules and forms. There have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined
in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.


 


(s)            
Certain Fees. Except as set forth in the Prospectus or Schedule 3.1(s), no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions
are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment
banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Other than for Persons directly
engaged by a Purchaser, if any, the Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by
or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents.


 


(t)             Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Units,
will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


(u)            Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the
Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.


 


(v)            Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Ordinary Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. The Company has not, in the twelve (12) months preceding the date of this Agreement, received notice from any Trading
Market on which the Ordinary Shares are or have been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing
or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future
continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.


 






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(w)            Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable
any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its jurisdiction
of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their
obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s
issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.


 


(x)             Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their
agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not
otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation
in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers
regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby is true and correct in
all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated
by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser
makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically
set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.


 


(y)            No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section
3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any
offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the
Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any
Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.


 






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(z)              Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company
of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount
that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent
liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as
now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of
the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the
current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after
taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when
such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature
(taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any
facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization
laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(z) sets forth as of the date of this Agreement all
outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments.
For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed that
is in excess of $1,000,000 individually or $2,500,000 in aggregate in the case of any liabilities lower than $1,000,000 (other than trade
accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect
of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the
notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary
course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.


 


(aa)           Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all local income and all foreign income and
franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other
governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations
and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the
periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the
taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.


 


(bb)          Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.


 






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(cc)           Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is as set forth in the Prospectus. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm
(i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial
statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2021.


 


(dd)          Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely
in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.
The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity)
with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their
respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely
incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s
decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the
transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.


 


(ee)           Acknowledgement
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.13 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked
by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company,
or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii)
past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative”
transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of
the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to
which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Ordinary Shares,
and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any
 “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in
hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the
periods that the value of the Ordinary Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging
activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing shareholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the
hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach
of any of the Transaction Documents.


 






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(ff)          
Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company
to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases
of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Company’s placement agent
in connection with the placement of the Securities.


 


(gg)         
Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).


 


(hh)         
U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within
the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.


 


(ii)            
Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
 “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly,
five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity
of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.


 


(jj)             Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as
amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering
Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving
the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
threatened.


 


(kk)          
Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws
relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface
or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants,
or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating
to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well
as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders,
permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received
all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and
(iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii),
the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.


 






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(ll)             
CFTC Regulations To the Company’s knowledge, the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been
conducted at all times in compliance with applicable CFTC Regulations, including the Commodity Exchange Act, and no action, suit or proceeding
by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving any Company or Subsidiary to any CFTC Regulation is
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.


 


3.2          Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the
date of this Agreement and as of each applicable Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which
case they shall be accurate as of such date):


 


(a)              
Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited
liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance
by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate,
partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will
constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i)
as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general
application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific
performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited
by applicable law.


 


(b)              
Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct
or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this
representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or
otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the
ordinary course of its business.


 






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(c)              
Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date of this Agreement and
each Closing date, it is, and on each date on which it exercise any Ordinary Warrants, it will be an “accredited investor”
as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act.


 


(d)               Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities,
and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.


 


(e)               Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits
and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and, has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary
of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities
and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results
of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity
to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary
to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement
Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities
nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation
as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information
with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities
to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.


 


(f)               Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has
any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or
sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first
received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing
terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of
such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers
managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion
of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other
than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers,
directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of
all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions,
with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 






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The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations
contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations
and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other
document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty,
or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 


ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES


 


4.1          Ordinary Warrant Shares. If all or any portion of an Ordinary Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective
registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of the Ordinary Warrant Shares or if the Ordinary Warrant is exercised via cashless
exercise, the Ordinary Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following
the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Ordinary Warrant
Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify
the holders of the Ordinary Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify
such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale or resale of the Ordinary Warrant Shares (it
being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the
Ordinary Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a
registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of the Ordinary Warrant Shares effective
during the term of the Ordinary Warrants.


 


4.2          Furnishing of Information. Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Ordinary Warrants
have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period)
all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject
to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.


 


4.3          Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in
Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations
of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder
approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.


 






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4.4          Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the
material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Report on Form 6-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits
thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company
represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the
transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges
and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company,
any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and any of the
Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other
in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall
issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any
press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which
consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party
shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission
or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities
law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required
by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted
under this clause (b).


 


4.5          Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other
Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison
pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted
by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving
Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.


 


4.6          Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its
behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes
constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information
and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be
relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company delivers any
material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that
such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers,
directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors,
agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall
remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the
Commission on a Report on Form 6-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant
in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.


 






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4.7          Use
of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Units hereunder for working capital purposes and lawful
business purposes, and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment
of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Ordinary
Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.


 


4.8          Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser
and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent
role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser
(within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders,
agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding
a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any
and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in
settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur
as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in
this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any
of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect
to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such
Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such
Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any
conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If
any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser
Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of
its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in
any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser
Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company
has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable
opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party,
in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company
will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s
prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss,
claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants
or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this
Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills
are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of
any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.


 






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4.9          Reservation
of Ordinary Shares. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep
available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of enabling the Company to
issue the Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Ordinary Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Ordinary Warrants.


 


4.10        Listing
of Shares. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Shares
and Ordinary Warrant Shares on each Trading Market on which any Ordinary Shares are currently listed, and concurrently with each Closing,
the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Ordinary Warrant Shares on such Trading Markets and promptly secure the
listing of all of the Shares and Ordinary Warrant Shares on such Trading Markets. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies
to have the Ordinary Shares traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Ordinary
Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Ordinary Warrant Shares to be listed or
quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the
listing and trading of its ordinary shares on a Trading Market and will comply in all material respects with the Company’s reporting,
filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market.


 


4.11        Subsequent
Equity Sales.


 


(a) From the
date hereof until sixty (60) days after the Final Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any
agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents.


 






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(b)              
From the date hereof until the end of the six (6)-month anniversary of the Final Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited
from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Ordinary Shares or Ordinary
Share Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction”
means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or
exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Ordinary Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange
rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after
the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being
reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent
events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares (but not including antidilution
protections related to future share issuances) or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not
limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. For the avoidance of doubt,
following the ninety (90) day anniversary of the Final Closing Date, sales effected under an “at-the-market” facility through
the Placement Agent shall not be considered a Variable Rate Transaction. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against
the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.


 


(c)              
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate
Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.


 


4.12         
Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered
or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration
is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate
right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the
Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase,
disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.


 


4.13         
Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate
acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the
Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser,
severally and not jointly, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by
the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the
existence and terms of this transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the
contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that
it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted
or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the
Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate
portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the
portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect
to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this
Agreement.


 






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4.14         
Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Ordinary Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures
required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Ordinary Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions
shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Ordinary Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice
of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise
form be required in order to exercise the Ordinary Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Ordinary Warrants and shall deliver
Ordinary Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.


 


4.15         
Participation in Future Financing.


 


(a)              
Following the Final Closing Date until the end of one-year anniversary of such date, upon any issuance by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries of Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents for cash consideration, or a combination of units thereof (a “Subsequent
Financing”), each Purchaser shall have the right to participate in the Subsequent Financing up to an amount equal to such Purchaser’s
pro rata share of 50% of each such Subsequent Financing (the “Participation Maximum”) on the same terms, conditions
and price of such Subsequent Financing.


 


(b)              
At least two (2) Trading Days prior to the closing of a Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written
notice of its intention to effect a Subsequent Financing (“Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall ask such Purchaser
if it wants to participate in the Subsequent Financing (such additional notice, a “Subsequent Financing Notice”). Upon
the request of a Purchaser, and only upon a request by such Purchaser, for a Subsequent Financing Notice, the Company shall promptly,
but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver a Subsequent Financing Notice to such Purchaser. The Subsequent Financing
Notice shall describe the amount of proceeds intended to be raised thereunder and the Person or Persons through or with whom such Subsequent
Financing is proposed to be effected.


 


(c)              
Any Purchaser desiring to participate in such Subsequent Financing must provide written notice to the Company by not later than
5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the 5th Trading Day after the dated of the Pre-Notice that the Purchaser is willing to participate in
the Subsequent Financing, the amount of the Purchaser’s participation, and that the Purchaser has such funds ready, willing, and
available for investment on the terms set forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice. If the Company receives no notice from a Purchaser
as of such 5th Trading Day, such Purchaser shall be deemed to have notified the Company that it does not elect to participate.


 






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(d)              
If by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after the date of the Pre-Notice, notifications
by the Purchasers of their willingness to participate in the Subsequent Financing (or to cause their designees to participate) is, in
the aggregate, less than the Participation Maximum of the Subsequent Financing, then the Company may effect the remaining portion of such
Subsequent Financing on the terms (which shall mirror the terms of the prior Closing(s)) and with the Persons set forth in the Subsequent
Financing Notice.


 


(e)              
If by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the Pre-Notice,
the Company receives responses to a Subsequent Financing Notice from Purchasers seeking to purchase more than the aggregate amount of
the Participation Maximum, each such Purchaser shall have the right to purchase its Pro Rata Portion (as defined below) of the Participation
Maximum. “Pro Rata Portion” means the ratio of (x) the Subscription Amount purchased on the Closing Date by a Purchaser participating
under this Section 4.15 and (y) the sum of the aggregate Subscription Amounts purchased on the Closing Date by all Purchasers participating
under this Section 4.15.


 


(f)               
The Company must provide the Purchasers with a second Subsequent Financing Notice, and the Purchasers will again have the right
of participation set forth above in this Section 4.15, if the Subsequent Financing subject to the initial Subsequent Financing Notice
is not consummated for any reason on the terms set forth in such Subsequent Financing Notice within twenty (20) Trading Days after the
date of the initial Subsequent Financing Notice.


 


(g)              
The Company and each Purchaser agree that, if any Purchaser elects to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the transaction
documents related to the Subsequent Financing shall not include any term or provision that, directly or indirectly, will, or is intended
to, exclude one or more of the Purchasers from participating in a Subsequent Financing, including, but not limited to, provisions whereby
such Purchaser shall be required to agree to any restrictions on trading as to any of the Securities purchased hereunder (and/or other
securities of the Company owned by such Purchaser) or be required to consent to any amendment to or termination of, or grant any waiver,
release or the like under or in connection with, this Agreement, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser.


 


(h)              
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.15 shall not apply to an Exempt Issuance.


 


ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS


 


5.1             
Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder, by written
notice to the other parties, if the Initial Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following
the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by
any other party (or parties).


 






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5.2             
Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the
fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees
(including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise
notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the
Purchasers.


 


5.3             
Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, and the Prospectus, contain
the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings,
oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.


 


5.4             
Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall
be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached
hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such
notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the
signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c)
the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service
or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall
be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes,
or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice
with the Commission pursuant to a Report on Form 6-K.


 


5.5             
Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written
instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 55.0% in interest of the Units
based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the initial Closing, the Company and all Purchasers which agree to purchase
the initial Subscription Amounts) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought,
provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers),
the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with
respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver
of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any
party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any amendment effected in accordance with this
Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.


 






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5.6             
Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed
to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.


 


5.7             
Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors
and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent
of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom
such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred
Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”


 


5.8             
No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Each Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties
of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for
the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision
hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.


 


5.9             
Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents
shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles
of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective
affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and
federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal
courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or
with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing
a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect
for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice
thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations
of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for
its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such
Action or Proceeding. The Company hereby appoints Cogency Global Inc. as its agent for service of process in New York. The choice of the
laws of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement is a valid choice of law and would be recognized and given effect
to in any action brought before a court of competent jurisdiction in the Cayman Islands, except for those laws (i) which such court considers
to be procedural in nature, (ii) which are revenue or penal laws or (iii) the application of which would be inconsistent with public policy,
as such term is interpreted under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Company or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues
does not have any right of immunity under Cayman Islands or New York law, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of
any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, from set-off or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any Cayman Islands and
New York or United States federal court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution
of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement
of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection
with this Agreement; and, to the extent that the Company, or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become
entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, the Company hereby waives
such right to the extent permitted by law and hereby consents to such relief and enforcement as provided in this Agreement and the other
Transaction Documents.


 






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5.10         
Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive each Closing and the delivery of the Securities
for the applicable statute of limitations.


 


5.11         
Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered
one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party,
it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission
or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party
executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature
page were an original thereof.


 


5.12         
Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction
to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by
such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would
have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared
invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.


 


5.13         
Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar
provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may
rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election
in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission
of an exercise of an Ordinary Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any Ordinary Shares subject to any such rescinded
exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and
the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Ordinary Warrant (including,
issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).


 






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5.14         
Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed,
the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation),
or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to
the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also
pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.


 


5.15         
Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of
damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties
agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in
the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the
defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.


 


5.16         
Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction
Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement
or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged
by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law
(including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent
of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force
and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.


 


5.17         
Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction
Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the
performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in
any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers
as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any
way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each
Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this
Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional
party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation
of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to
communicate with the Company through Sullivan. Sullivan does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent.
The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and
not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision
contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the
Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.


 






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5.18         
Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the
Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and
other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages
or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.


 


5.19         
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right
required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding
Business Day.


 


5.20         
Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to
revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved
against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition,
each and every reference to share prices and Ordinary Shares in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and
forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations and other similar transactions of the Ordinary Shares and Ordinary Warrants
that occur after the date of this Agreement.


 


5.21         
Sales During Pre-Settlement Period. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time
of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to a Closing
(the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of any Shares to be issued hereunder
to such Purchaser at such Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall, automatically
hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase,
and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at such Closing; provided,
that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of
the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that
the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period
such Purchaser shall sell any Shares to any Person and that any such decision to sell any Shares by such Purchaser shall be made, in the
sole discretion of such Purchaser, at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any.


 


5.22         
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER
PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,
IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 


 


(Signature Pages Follow)


 






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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.


 


	
    TIAN RUIXIANG HOLDINGS LTD

    

    
	Address for Notice:
	
    

    

    

     

    
	
     

    

    

	By:	           	 
	Name: Zhe Wang	E-Mail:
	Title: Chief Executive Officer	Fax:
	 	 
	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):	 


 


[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


 






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[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO TIRX
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.


 


Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________


 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:
_________________________________


 


Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________


 


Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________


 


Email Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________


 


Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory: __________________________________________


 


Address for Notice to Purchaser (and delivery of Ordinary Warrants):


 


Address for Delivery of Units to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):


 


Subscription Amount: $_________________


 


Ordinary Shares: _________________


 


Ordinary Warrants: __________________


 


EIN Number: _______________________





 



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