§ 3324 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 106

1See References in Text note below.

§ 3324. Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated such

sums as may be necessary to carry out section

3315 through section 3324 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 93–526, title II, §202, Dec. 19, 1974,

88 Stat. 1701.)

CHAPTER 35—COORDINATION OF FEDERAL

INFORMATION POLICY

SUBCHAPTER I—FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY

Sec.

3501. Purposes.

3502. Definitions.

3503. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

3504. Authority and functions of Director.

3505. Assignment of tasks and deadlines.

3506. Federal agency responsibilities.

3507. Public information collection activities; submission to Director; approval and delegation.

3508. Determination of necessity for information;

hearing.

3509. Designation of central collection agency.

3510. Cooperation of agencies in making information available.

3511. Establishment and operation of Government

Information Locator Service.

3512. Public protection.

3513. Director review of agency activities; reporting; agency response.

3514. Responsiveness to Congress.

3515. Administrative powers.

3516. Rules and regulations.

3517. Consultation with other agencies and the

public.

3518. Effect on existing laws and regulations.

3519. Access to information.

3520. Establishment of task force on information

collection and dissemination.

3521. Authorization of appropriations.

SUBCHAPTER II—INFORMATION SECURITY

3531. Purposes.

3532. Definitions.

3533. Authority and functions of the Director.

3534. Federal agency responsibilities.

3535. Annual independent evaluation.

3536. National security systems.

3537. Authorization of appropriations.

3538. Effect on existing law.

SUBCHAPTER III—INFORMATION SECURITY

3541. Purposes.

3542. Definitions.

3543. Authority and functions of the Director.

3544. Federal agency responsibilities.

3545. Annual independent evaluation.

3546. Federal information security incident center.

3547. National security systems.

3548. Authorization of appropriations.

3549. Effect on existing law.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §301(b)(2), Dec. 17, 2002,

116 Stat. 2955, added heading for subchapter III and

items 3541 to 3549.

Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1001(b)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116

Stat. 2267, reenacted items 3531 to 3535 without change,

substituted ‘‘National security systems’’ for ‘‘Expiration’’ in item 3536, and added items 3537 and 3538.

Pub. L. 107–198, §3(b), June 28, 2002, 116 Stat. 732,

added item 3520 and renumbered former item 3520 as

3521.

2000—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(a)(1)],

Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275, inserted subchapters I and II headings and added items 3531 to 3536.

1995—Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 163,

amended chapter heading and analysis generally.

1980—Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2812,

substituted in chapter heading ‘‘INFORMATION POLICY’’ for ‘‘REPORTING SERVICES’’, and amended

analysis generally.

SUBCHAPTER I—FEDERAL INFORMATION

POLICY

AMENDMENTS

2000—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(a)(2)],

Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275, inserted subchapter heading.

§ 3501. Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter are to—

(1) minimize the paperwork burden for individuals, small businesses, educational and

nonprofit institutions, Federal contractors,

State, local and tribal governments, and other

persons resulting from the collection of information by or for the Federal Government;

(2) ensure the greatest possible public benefit from and maximize the utility of information created, collected, maintained, used,

shared and disseminated by or for the Federal

Government;

(3) coordinate, integrate, and to the extent

practicable and appropriate, make uniform

Federal information resources management

policies and practices as a means to improve

the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness

of Government programs, including the reduction of information collection burdens on the

public and the improvement of service delivery to the public;

(4) improve the quality and use of Federal

information to strengthen decisionmaking, accountability, and openness in Government and

society;

(5) minimize the cost to the Federal Government of the creation, collection, maintenance,

use, dissemination, and disposition of information;

(6) strengthen the partnership between the

Federal Government and State, local, and

tribal governments by minimizing the burden

and maximizing the utility of information created, collected, maintained, used, disseminated, and retained by or for the Federal Government;

(7) provide for the dissemination of public

information on a timely basis, on equitable

terms, and in a manner that promotes the

utility of the information to the public and

makes effective use of information technology;

(8) ensure that the creation, collection,

maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition of information by or for the Federal Government is consistent with applicable laws, including laws relating to—

(A) privacy and confidentiality, including

section 552a of title 5;

(B) security of information, including section 11332 of title 40 1

; and

(C) access to information, including section 552 of title 5;

(9) ensure the integrity, quality, and utility

of the Federal statistical system;
Page 107 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

(10) ensure that information technology is

acquired, used, and managed to improve performance of agency missions, including the reduction of information collection burdens on

the public; and

(11) improve the responsibility and accountability of the Office of Management and Budget and all other Federal agencies to Congress

and to the public for implementing the information collection review process, information

resources management, and related policies

and guidelines established under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

163; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275;

Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat.

1301.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Section 11332 of title 40, referred to in par. (8)(B), was

repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(a)(1), Nov. 25,

2002, 116 Stat. 2272, and Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(a),

Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2960.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3501, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2812; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §811], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–335, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §811],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–335, related to purposes of this chapter prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3501, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1302, related to information for Federal

agencies, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Par. (8)(B). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted ‘‘section

11332 of title 40’’ for ‘‘the Computer Security Act of 1987

(Public Law 100–235)’’.

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’ in introductory provisions and in par. (11).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 4 of Pub. L. 104–13 provided that:

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in

this section, this Act [enacting this chapter, amending

section 91 of Title 13, Census, and enacting provisions

set out as a note under section 101 of this title] and the

amendments made by this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1995.

‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 3520

[now 3521] of title 44, United States Code, as amended

by this Act, shall take effect on the date of enactment

of this Act [May 22, 1995].

‘‘(c) DELAYED APPLICATION.—In the case of a collection of information for which there is in effect on September 30, 1995, a control number issued by the Office

of Management and Budget under chapter 35 of title 44,

United States Code—

‘‘(1) the amendments made by this Act [enacting

this chapter and amending section 91 of Title 13] shall

apply to the collection of information beginning on

the earlier of—

‘‘(A) the first renewal or modification of that collection of information after September 30, 1995; or

‘‘(B) the expiration of its control number after

September 30, 1995.

‘‘(2) prior to such renewal, modification, or expiration, the collection of information shall be subject to

chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, as in effect

on September 30, 1995.’’

SHORT TITLE

This chapter is popularly known as the ‘‘Paperwork

Reduction Act’’.

FEDERAL MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC

GOVERNMENT SERVICES

Pub. L. 107–347, title II, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2910, as

amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat.

814; Pub. L. 108–281, §1, Aug. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 889, provided that:

‘‘SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘Except as otherwise provided, in this title the definitions under sections 3502 and 3601 of title 44, United

States Code, shall apply.

‘‘SEC. 202. FEDERAL AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The head of each agency shall be

responsible for—

‘‘(1) complying with the requirements of this Act

[see Tables for classification] (including the amendments made by this Act), the related information resource management policies and guidance established

by the Director of the Office of Management and

Budget, and the related information technology

standards promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce;

‘‘(2) ensuring that the information resource management policies and guidance established under this

Act by the Director, and the related information

technology standards promulgated by the Secretary

of Commerce are communicated promptly and effectively to all relevant officials within their agency;

and

‘‘(3) supporting the efforts of the Director and the

Administrator of the General Services Administration to develop, maintain, and promote an integrated

Internet-based system of delivering Federal Government information and services to the public under

section 204.

‘‘(b) PERFORMANCE INTEGRATION.—

‘‘(1) Agencies shall develop performance measures

that demonstrate how electronic government enables

progress toward agency objectives, strategic goals,

and statutory mandates.

‘‘(2) In measuring performance under this section,

agencies shall rely on existing data collections to the

extent practicable.

‘‘(3) Areas of performance measurement that agencies should consider include—

‘‘(A) customer service;

‘‘(B) agency productivity; and

‘‘(C) adoption of innovative information technology, including the appropriate use of commercial best practices.

‘‘(4) Agencies shall link their performance goals, as

appropriate, to key groups, including citizens, businesses, and other governments, and to internal Federal Government operations.

‘‘(5) As appropriate, agencies shall work collectively in linking their performance goals to groups

identified under paragraph (4) and shall use information technology in delivering Government information and services to those groups.

‘‘(c) AVOIDING DIMINISHED ACCESS.—When promulgating policies and implementing programs regarding the

provision of Government information and services over

the Internet, agency heads shall consider the impact on

persons without access to the Internet, and shall, to

the extent practicable—

‘‘(1) ensure that the availability of Government information and services has not been diminished for

individuals who lack access to the Internet; and

‘‘(2) pursue alternate modes of delivery that make

Government information and services more acces-
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 108

sible to individuals who do not own computers or

lack access to the Internet.

‘‘(d) ACCESSIBILITY TO PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.—All

actions taken by Federal departments and agencies

under this Act [see Tables for classification] shall be in

compliance with section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d).

‘‘(e) SPONSORED ACTIVITIES.—Agencies shall sponsor

activities that use information technology to engage

the public in the development and implementation of

policies and programs.

‘‘(f) CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICERS.—The Chief Information Officer of each of the agencies designated under

chapter 36 of title 44, United States Code (as added by

this Act) shall be responsible for—

‘‘(1) participating in the functions of the Chief Information Officers Council; and

‘‘(2) monitoring the implementation, within their

respective agencies, of information technology standards promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce, including common standards for interconnectivity and

interoperability, categorization of Federal Government electronic information, and computer system

efficiency and security.

‘‘(g) E-GOVERNMENT STATUS REPORT.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each agency shall compile and

submit to the Director an annual E-Government

Status Report on—

‘‘(A) the status of the implementation by the

agency of electronic government initiatives;

‘‘(B) compliance by the agency with this Act [see

Tables for classification]; and

‘‘(C) how electronic Government initiatives of the

agency improve performance in delivering programs to constituencies.

‘‘(2) SUBMISSION.—Each agency shall submit an annual report under this subsection—

‘‘(A) to the Director at such time and in such

manner as the Director requires;

‘‘(B) consistent with related reporting requirements; and

‘‘(C) which addresses any section in this title relevant to that agency.

‘‘(h) USE OF TECHNOLOGY.—Nothing in this Act [see

Tables for classification] supersedes the responsibility

of an agency to use or manage information technology

to deliver Government information and services that

fulfill the statutory mission and programs of the agency.

‘‘(i) NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEMS.—

‘‘(1) INAPPLICABILITY.—Except as provided under

paragraph (2), this title does not apply to national security systems as defined in section 11103 of title 40,

United States Code.

‘‘(2) APPLICABILITY.—This section, section 203, and

section 214 do apply to national security systems to

the extent practicable and consistent with law.

‘‘SEC. 203. COMPATIBILITY OF EXECUTIVE AGENCY

METHODS FOR USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF

ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to

achieve interoperable implementation of electronic signatures for appropriately secure electronic transactions with Government.

‘‘(b) ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.—In order to fulfill the

objectives of the Government Paperwork Elimination

Act (Public Law 105–277; 112 Stat. 2681–749 through

2681–751) [44 U.S.C. 3504 note], each Executive agency

(as defined under section 105 of title 5, United States

Code) shall ensure that its methods for use and acceptance of electronic signatures are compatible with the

relevant policies and procedures issued by the Director.

‘‘(c) AUTHORITY FOR ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.—The

Administrator of General Services shall support the Director by establishing a framework to allow efficient

interoperability among Executive agencies when using

electronic signatures, including processing of digital

signatures.

‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated to the General Services

Administration, to ensure the development and operation of a Federal bridge certification authority for

digital signature compatibility, and for other activities

consistent with this section, $8,000,000 or such sums as

are necessary in fiscal year 2003, and such sums as are

necessary for each fiscal year thereafter.

‘‘SEC. 204. FEDERAL INTERNET PORTAL.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—

‘‘(1) PUBLIC ACCESS.—The Director shall work with

the Administrator of the General Services Administration and other agencies to maintain and promote

an integrated Internet-based system of providing the

public with access to Government information and

services.

‘‘(2) CRITERIA.—To the extent practicable, the integrated system shall be designed and operated according to the following criteria:

‘‘(A) The provision of Internet-based Government

information and services directed to key groups, including citizens, business, and other governments,

and integrated according to function or topic rather than separated according to the boundaries of

agency jurisdiction.

‘‘(B) An ongoing effort to ensure that Internetbased Government services relevant to a given citizen activity are available from a single point.

‘‘(C) Access to Federal Government information

and services consolidated, as appropriate, with

Internet-based information and services provided

by State, local, and tribal governments.

‘‘(D) Access to Federal Government information

held by 1 or more agencies shall be made available

in a manner that protects privacy, consistent with

law.

‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated to the General Services

Administration $15,000,000 for the maintenance, improvement, and promotion of the integrated Internetbased system for fiscal year 2003, and such sums as are

necessary for fiscal years 2004 through 2007.

‘‘SEC. 205. FEDERAL COURTS.

‘‘(a) INDIVIDUAL COURT WEBSITES.—The Chief Justice

of the United States, the chief judge of each circuit and

district and of the Court of Federal Claims, and the

chief bankruptcy judge of each district shall cause to

be established and maintained, for the court of which

the judge is chief justice or judge, a website that contains the following information or links to websites

with the following information:

‘‘(1) Location and contact information for the

courthouse, including the telephone numbers and

contact names for the clerk’s office and justices’ or

judges’ chambers.

‘‘(2) Local rules and standing or general orders of

the court.

‘‘(3) Individual rules, if in existence, of each justice

or judge in that court.

‘‘(4) Access to docket information for each case.

‘‘(5) Access to the substance of all written opinions

issued by the court, regardless of whether such opinions are to be published in the official court reporter,

in a text searchable format.

‘‘(6) Access to documents filed with the courthouse

in electronic form, to the extent provided under subsection (c).

‘‘(7) Any other information (including forms in a

format that can be downloaded) that the court determines useful to the public.

‘‘(b) MAINTENANCE OF DATA ONLINE.—

‘‘(1) UPDATE OF INFORMATION.—The information and

rules on each website shall be updated regularly and

kept reasonably current.

‘‘(2) CLOSED CASES.—Electronic files and docket information for cases closed for more than 1 year are

not required to be made available online, except all

written opinions with a date of issuance after the effective date of this section [see Effective Date note

set out under section 3601 of this title] shall remain

available online.
Page 109 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

‘‘(c) ELECTRONIC FILINGS.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided under paragraph (2) or in the rules prescribed under paragraph

(3), each court shall make any document that is filed

electronically publicly available online. A court may

convert any document that is filed in paper form to

electronic form. To the extent such conversions are

made, all such electronic versions of the document

shall be made available online.

‘‘(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Documents that are filed that

are not otherwise available to the public, such as documents filed under seal, shall not be made available

online.

‘‘(3) PRIVACY AND SECURITY CONCERNS.—

‘‘(A)(i) The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules,

in accordance with sections 2072 and 2075 of title 28,

United States Code, to protect privacy and security

concerns relating to electronic filing of documents

and the public availability under this subsection of

documents filed electronically or converted to electronic form.

‘‘(ii) Such rules shall provide to the extent practicable for uniform treatment of privacy and security issues throughout the Federal courts.

‘‘(iii) Such rules shall take into consideration

best practices in Federal and State courts to protect private information or otherwise maintain

necessary information security.

‘‘(iv) Except as provided in clause (v), to the extent that such rules provide for the redaction of

certain categories of information in order to protect privacy and security concerns, such rules shall

provide that a party that wishes to file an otherwise proper document containing such protected information may file an unredacted document under

seal, which shall be retained by the court as part of

the record, and which, at the discretion of the court

and subject to any applicable rules issued in accordance with chapter 131 of title 28, United States

Code, shall be either in lieu of, or in addition to, a

redacted copy in the public file.

‘‘(v) Such rules may require the use of appropriate redacted identifiers in lieu of protected information described in clause (iv) in any pleading,

motion, or other paper filed with the court (except

with respect to a paper that is an exhibit or other

evidentiary matter, or with respect to a reference

list described in this subclause), or in any written

discovery response—

‘‘(I) by authorizing the filing under seal, and

permitting the amendment as of right under seal,

of a reference list that—

‘‘(aa) identifies each item of unredacted protected information that the attorney or, if

there is no attorney, the party, certifies is relevant to the case; and

‘‘(bb) specifies an appropriate redacted identifier that uniquely corresponds to each item of

unredacted protected information listed; and

‘‘(II) by providing that all references in the case

to the redacted identifiers in such reference list

shall be construed, without more, to refer to the

corresponding unredacted item of protected information.

‘‘(B)(i) Subject to clause (ii), the Judicial Conference of the United States may issue interim

rules, and interpretive statements relating to the

application of such rules, which conform to the requirements of this paragraph and which shall cease

to have effect upon the effective date of the rules

required under subparagraph (A).

‘‘(ii) Pending issuance of the rules required under

subparagraph (A), any rule or order of any court, or

of the Judicial Conference, providing for the redaction of certain categories of information in order to

protect privacy and security concerns arising from

electronic filing or electronic conversion shall comply with, and be construed in conformity with, subparagraph (A)(iv).

‘‘(C) Not later than 1 year after the rules prescribed under subparagraph (A) take effect, and

every 2 years thereafter, the Judicial Conference

shall submit to Congress a report on the adequacy

of those rules to protect privacy and security.

‘‘(d) DOCKETS WITH LINKS TO DOCUMENTS.—The Judicial Conference of the United States shall explore the

feasibility of technology to post online dockets with

links allowing all filings, decisions, and rulings in each

case to be obtained from the docket sheet of that case.

‘‘(e) COST OF PROVIDING ELECTRONIC DOCKETING INFORMATION.—[Amended section 303(a) of Pub. L. 102–140, set

out as a note under section 1913 of Title 28, Judiciary

and Judicial Procedure.]

‘‘(f) TIME REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than 2 years

after the effective date of this title [see Effective Date

note set out under section 3601 of this title], the

websites under subsection (a) shall be established, except that access to documents filed in electronic form

shall be established not later than 4 years after that effective date.

‘‘(g) DEFERRAL.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—

‘‘(A) ELECTION.—

‘‘(i) NOTIFICATION.—The Chief Justice of the

United States, a chief judge, or chief bankruptcy

judge may submit a notification to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to defer

compliance with any requirement of this section

with respect to the Supreme Court, a court of appeals, district, or the bankruptcy court of a district.

‘‘(ii) CONTENTS.—A notification submitted under

this subparagraph shall state—

‘‘(I) the reasons for the deferral; and

‘‘(II) the online methods, if any, or any alternative methods, such court or district is using

to provide greater public access to information.

‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—To the extent that the Supreme

Court, a court of appeals, district, or bankruptcy

court of a district maintains a website under subsection (a), the Supreme Court or that court of appeals or district shall comply with subsection (b)(1).

‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the effective date of this title [see Effective Date note set out

under section 3601 of this title], and every year thereafter, the Judicial Conference of the United States

shall submit a report to the Committees on Governmental Affairs and the Judiciary of the Senate and

the Committees on Government Reform [now Oversight and Government Reform] and the Judiciary of

the House of Representatives that—

‘‘(A) contains all notifications submitted to the

Administrative Office of the United States Courts

under this subsection; and

‘‘(B) summarizes and evaluates all notifications.

‘‘SEC. 206. REGULATORY AGENCIES.

‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are to—

‘‘(1) improve performance in the development and

issuance of agency regulations by using information

technology to increase access, accountability, and

transparency; and

‘‘(2) enhance public participation in Government by

electronic means, consistent with requirements under

subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, United States

Code, (commonly referred to as the ‘Administrative

Procedures Act’).

‘‘(b) INFORMATION PROVIDED BY AGENCIES ONLINE.—To

the extent practicable as determined by the agency in

consultation with the Director, each agency (as defined

under section 551 of title 5, United States Code) shall

ensure that a publicly accessible Federal Government

website includes all information about that agency required to be published in the Federal Register under

paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 552(a) of title 5, United

States Code.

‘‘(c) SUBMISSIONS BY ELECTRONIC MEANS.—To the extent practicable, agencies shall accept submissions

under section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code, by

electronic means.

‘‘(d) ELECTRONIC DOCKETING.—
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 110

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To the extent practicable, as determined by the agency in consultation with the Director, agencies shall ensure that a publicly accessible Federal Government website contains electronic

dockets for rulemakings under section 553 of title 5,

United States Code.

‘‘(2) INFORMATION AVAILABLE.—Agency electronic

dockets shall make publicly available online to the

extent practicable, as determined by the agency in

consultation with the Director—

‘‘(A) all submissions under section 553(c) of title 5,

United States Code; and

‘‘(B) other materials that by agency rule or practice are included in the rulemaking docket under

section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code, whether or not submitted electronically.

‘‘(e) TIME LIMITATION.—Agencies shall implement the

requirements of this section consistent with a timetable established by the Director and reported to Congress in the first annual report under section 3606 of

title 44 (as added by this Act).

‘‘SEC. 207. ACCESSIBILITY, USABILITY, AND PRESERVATION OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to improve the methods by which Government information,

including information on the Internet, is organized,

preserved, and made accessible to the public.

‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the term—

‘‘(1) ‘Committee’ means the Interagency Committee

on Government Information established under subsection (c); and

‘‘(2) ‘directory’ means a taxonomy of subjects

linked to websites that—

‘‘(A) organizes Government information on the

Internet according to subject matter; and

‘‘(B) may be created with the participation of

human editors.

‘‘(c) INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE.—

‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after

the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 17, 2002], the

Director shall establish the Interagency Committee

on Government Information.

‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The Committee shall be chaired

by the Director or the designee of the Director and—

‘‘(A) shall include representatives from—

‘‘(i) the National Archives and Records Administration;

‘‘(ii) the offices of the Chief Information Officers from Federal agencies; and

‘‘(iii) other relevant officers from the executive

branch; and

‘‘(B) may include representatives from the Federal legislative and judicial branches.

‘‘(3) FUNCTIONS.—The Committee shall—

‘‘(A) engage in public consultation to the maximum extent feasible, including consultation with

interested communities such as public advocacy organizations;

‘‘(B) conduct studies and submit recommendations, as provided under this section, to the Director and Congress; and

‘‘(C) share effective practices for access to, dissemination of, and retention of Federal information.

‘‘(4) TERMINATION.—The Committee may be terminated on a date determined by the Director, except

the Committee may not terminate before the Committee submits all recommendations required under

this section.

‘‘(d) CATEGORIZING OF INFORMATION.—

‘‘(1) COMMITTEE FUNCTIONS.—Not later than 2 years

after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002],

the Committee shall submit recommendations to the

Director on—

‘‘(A) the adoption of standards, which are open to

the maximum extent feasible, to enable the organization and categorization of Government information—

‘‘(i) in a way that is searchable electronically,

including by searchable identifiers; and

‘‘(ii) in ways that are interoperable across agencies;

‘‘(B) the definition of categories of Government

information which should be classified under the

standards; and

‘‘(C) determining priorities and developing schedules for the initial implementation of the standards

by agencies.

‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS OF THE DIRECTOR.—Not later than 1

year after the submission of recommendations under

paragraph (1), the Director shall issue policies—

‘‘(A) requiring that agencies use standards, which

are open to the maximum extent feasible, to enable

the organization and categorization of Government

information—

‘‘(i) in a way that is searchable electronically,

including by searchable identifiers;

‘‘(ii) in ways that are interoperable across agencies; and

‘‘(iii) that are, as appropriate, consistent with

the provisions under section 3602(f)(8) of title 44,

United States Code;

‘‘(B) defining categories of Government information which shall be required to be classified under

the standards; and

‘‘(C) determining priorities and developing schedules for the initial implementation of the standards

by agencies.

‘‘(3) MODIFICATION OF POLICIES.—After the submission of agency reports under paragraph (4), the Director shall modify the policies, as needed, in consultation with the Committee and interested parties.

‘‘(4) AGENCY FUNCTIONS.—Each agency shall report

annually to the Director, in the report established

under section 202(g), on compliance of that agency

with the policies issued under paragraph (2)(A).

‘‘(e) PUBLIC ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC INFORMATION.—

‘‘(1) COMMITTEE FUNCTIONS.—Not later than 2 years

after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002],

the Committee shall submit recommendations to the

Director and the Archivist of the United States on—

‘‘(A) the adoption by agencies of policies and procedures to ensure that chapters 21, 25, 27, 29, and 31

of title 44, United States Code, are applied effectively and comprehensively to Government information on the Internet and to other electronic

records; and

‘‘(B) the imposition of timetables for the implementation of the policies and procedures by agencies.

‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS OF THE ARCHIVIST.—Not later than 1

year after the submission of recommendations by the

Committee under paragraph (1), the Archivist of the

United States shall issue policies—

‘‘(A) requiring the adoption by agencies of policies and procedures to ensure that chapters 21, 25,

27, 29, and 31 of title 44, United States Code, are applied effectively and comprehensively to Government information on the Internet and to other electronic records; and

‘‘(B) imposing timetables for the implementation

of the policies, procedures, and technologies by

agencies.

‘‘(3) MODIFICATION OF POLICIES.—After the submission of agency reports under paragraph (4), the Archivist of the United States shall modify the policies, as

needed, in consultation with the Committee and interested parties.

‘‘(4) AGENCY FUNCTIONS.—Each agency shall report

annually to the Director, in the report established

under section 202(g), on compliance of that agency

with the policies issued under paragraph (2)(A).

‘‘(f) AGENCY WEBSITES.—

‘‘(1) STANDARDS FOR AGENCY WEBSITES.—Not later

than 2 years after the effective date of this title [see

Effective Date note set out under section 3601 of this

title], the Director shall promulgate guidance for

agency websites that includes—

‘‘(A) requirements that websites include direct

links to—
Page 111 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

‘‘(i) descriptions of the mission and statutory

authority of the agency;

‘‘(ii) information made available to the public

under subsections (a)(1) and (b) of section 552 of

title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to

as the ‘Freedom of Information Act’);

‘‘(iii) information about the organizational

structure of the agency; and

‘‘(iv) the strategic plan of the agency developed

under section 306 of title 5, United States Code;

and

‘‘(B) minimum agency goals to assist public users

to navigate agency websites, including—

‘‘(i) speed of retrieval of search results;

‘‘(ii) the relevance of the results;

‘‘(iii) tools to aggregate and disaggregate data;

and

‘‘(iv) security protocols to protect information.

‘‘(2) AGENCY REQUIREMENTS.—(A) Not later than 2

years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17,

2002], each agency shall—

‘‘(i) consult with the Committee and solicit public comment;

‘‘(ii) establish a process for determining which

Government information the agency intends to

make available and accessible to the public on the

Internet and by other means;

‘‘(iii) develop priorities and schedules for making

Government information available and accessible;

‘‘(iv) make such final determinations, priorities,

and schedules available for public comment;

‘‘(v) post such final determinations, priorities,

and schedules on the Internet; and

‘‘(vi) submit such final determinations, priorities,

and schedules to the Director, in the report established under section 202(g).

‘‘(B) Each agency shall update determinations, priorities, and schedules of the agency, as needed, after

consulting with the Committee and soliciting public

comment, if appropriate.

‘‘(3) PUBLIC DOMAIN DIRECTORY OF PUBLIC FEDERAL

GOVERNMENT WEBSITES.—

‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 2 years

after the effective date of this title [see Effective

Date note set out under section 3601 of this title],

the Director and each agency shall—

‘‘(i) develop and establish a public domain directory of public Federal Government websites;

and

‘‘(ii) post the directory on the Internet with a

link to the integrated Internet-based system established under section 204.

‘‘(B) DEVELOPMENT.—With the assistance of each

agency, the Director shall—

‘‘(i) direct the development of the directory

through a collaborative effort, including input

from—

‘‘(I) agency librarians;

‘‘(II) information technology managers;

‘‘(III) program managers;

‘‘(IV) records managers;

‘‘(V) Federal depository librarians; and

‘‘(VI) other interested parties; and

‘‘(ii) develop a public domain taxonomy of subjects used to review and categorize public Federal

Government websites.

‘‘(C) UPDATE.—With the assistance of each agency, the Administrator of the Office of Electronic

Government shall—

‘‘(i) update the directory as necessary, but not

less than every 6 months; and

‘‘(ii) solicit interested persons for improvements to the directory.

‘‘(g) ACCESS TO FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—

‘‘(1) DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF GOVERNMENTWIDE REPOSITORY AND WEBSITE.—

‘‘(A) REPOSITORY AND WEBSITE.—The Director of

the Office of Management and Budget (or the Director’s delegate), in consultation with the Director of

the Office of Science and Technology Policy and

other relevant agencies, shall ensure the development and maintenance of—

‘‘(i) a repository that fully integrates, to the

maximum extent feasible, information about research and development funded by the Federal

Government, and the repository shall—

‘‘(I) include information about research and

development funded by the Federal Government, consistent with any relevant protections

for the information under section 552 of title 5,

United States Code, and performed by—

‘‘(aa) institutions not a part of the Federal

Government, including State, local, and foreign governments; industrial firms; educational institutions; not-for-profit organizations; federally funded research and development centers; and private individuals; and

‘‘(bb) entities of the Federal Government,

including research and development laboratories, centers, and offices; and

‘‘(II) integrate information about each separate research and development task or award,

including—

‘‘(aa) the dates upon which the task or

award is expected to start and end;

‘‘(bb) a brief summary describing the objective and the scientific and technical focus of

the task or award;

‘‘(cc) the entity or institution performing

the task or award and its contact information;

‘‘(dd) the total amount of Federal funds expected to be provided to the task or award

over its lifetime and the amount of funds expected to be provided in each fiscal year in

which the work of the task or award is ongoing;

‘‘(ee) any restrictions attached to the task

or award that would prevent the sharing with

the general public of any or all of the information required by this subsection, and the

reasons for such restrictions; and

‘‘(ff) such other information as may be determined to be appropriate; and

‘‘(ii) 1 or more websites upon which all or part

of the repository of Federal research and development shall be made available to and searchable

by Federal agencies and non-Federal entities, including the general public, to facilitate—

‘‘(I) the coordination of Federal research and

development activities;

‘‘(II) collaboration among those conducting

Federal research and development;

‘‘(III) the transfer of technology among Federal agencies and between Federal agencies and

non-Federal entities; and

‘‘(IV) access by policymakers and the public

to information concerning Federal research and

development activities.

‘‘(B) OVERSIGHT.—The Director of the Office of

Management and Budget shall issue any guidance

determined necessary to ensure that agencies provide all information requested under this subsection.

‘‘(2) AGENCY FUNCTIONS.—Any agency that funds

Federal research and development under this subsection shall provide the information required to populate the repository in the manner prescribed by the

Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

‘‘(3) COMMITTEE FUNCTIONS.—Not later than 18

months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec.

17, 2002], working with the Director of the Office of

Science and Technology Policy, and after consultation with interested parties, the Committee shall

submit recommendations to the Director on—

‘‘(A) policies to improve agency reporting of information for the repository established under this

subsection; and

‘‘(B) policies to improve dissemination of the results of research performed by Federal agencies and

federally funded research and development centers.
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 112

‘‘(4) FUNCTIONS OF THE DIRECTOR.—After submission

of recommendations by the Committee under paragraph (3), the Director shall report on the recommendations of the Committee and Director to Congress, in the E-Government report under section 3606

of title 44 (as added by this Act).

‘‘(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated for the development,

maintenance, and operation of the Governmentwide

repository and website under this subsection—

‘‘(A) $2,000,000 in each of the fiscal years 2003

through 2005; and

‘‘(B) such sums as are necessary in each of the fiscal years 2006 and 2007.

‘‘SEC. 208. PRIVACY PROVISIONS.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to ensure sufficient protections for the privacy of personal

information as agencies implement citizen-centered

electronic Government.

‘‘(b) PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.—

‘‘(1) RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES.—

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An agency shall take actions

described under subparagraph (B) before—

‘‘(i) developing or procuring information technology that collects, maintains, or disseminates

information that is in an identifiable form; or

‘‘(ii) initiating a new collection of information

that—

‘‘(I) will be collected, maintained, or disseminated using information technology; and

‘‘(II) includes any information in an identifiable form permitting the physical or online contacting of a specific individual, if identical

questions have been posed to, or identical reporting requirements imposed on, 10 or more

persons, other than agencies, instrumentalities,

or employees of the Federal Government.

‘‘(B) AGENCY ACTIVITIES.—To the extent required

under subparagraph (A), each agency shall—

‘‘(i) conduct a privacy impact assessment;

‘‘(ii) ensure the review of the privacy impact assessment by the Chief Information Officer, or

equivalent official, as determined by the head of

the agency; and

‘‘(iii) if practicable, after completion of the review under clause (ii), make the privacy impact

assessment publicly available through the website of the agency, publication in the Federal

Register, or other means.

‘‘(C) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—Subparagraph

(B)(iii) may be modified or waived for security reasons, or to protect classified, sensitive, or private

information contained in an assessment.

‘‘(D) COPY TO DIRECTOR.—Agencies shall provide

the Director with a copy of the privacy impact assessment for each system for which funding is requested.

‘‘(2) CONTENTS OF A PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENT.—

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall issue guidance to agencies specifying the required contents of

a privacy impact assessment.

‘‘(B) GUIDANCE.—The guidance shall—

‘‘(i) ensure that a privacy impact assessment is

commensurate with the size of the information

system being assessed, the sensitivity of information that is in an identifiable form in that system, and the risk of harm from unauthorized release of that information; and

‘‘(ii) require that a privacy impact assessment

address—

‘‘(I) what information is to be collected;

‘‘(II) why the information is being collected;

‘‘(III) the intended use of the agency of the information;

‘‘(IV) with whom the information will be

shared;

‘‘(V) what notice or opportunities for consent

would be provided to individuals regarding what

information is collected and how that information is shared;

‘‘(VI) how the information will be secured;

and

‘‘(VII) whether a system of records is being

created under section 552a of title 5, United

States Code, (commonly referred to as the ‘Privacy Act’).

‘‘(3) RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DIRECTOR.—The Director shall—

‘‘(A) develop policies and guidelines for agencies

on the conduct of privacy impact assessments;

‘‘(B) oversee the implementation of the privacy

impact assessment process throughout the Government; and

‘‘(C) require agencies to conduct privacy impact

assessments of existing information systems or ongoing collections of information that is in an identifiable form as the Director determines appropriate.

‘‘(c) PRIVACY PROTECTIONS ON AGENCY WEBSITES.—

‘‘(1) PRIVACY POLICIES ON WEBSITES.—

‘‘(A) GUIDELINES FOR NOTICES.—The Director shall

develop guidance for privacy notices on agency

websites used by the public.

‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The guidance shall require that

a privacy notice address, consistent with section

552a of title 5, United States Code—

‘‘(i) what information is to be collected;

‘‘(ii) why the information is being collected;

‘‘(iii) the intended use of the agency of the information;

‘‘(iv) with whom the information will be shared;

‘‘(v) what notice or opportunities for consent

would be provided to individuals regarding what

information is collected and how that information is shared;

‘‘(vi) how the information will be secured; and

‘‘(vii) the rights of the individual under section

552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the ‘Privacy Act’), and other laws relevant to the protection of the privacy of an individual.

‘‘(2) PRIVACY POLICIES IN MACHINE-READABLE FORMATS.—The Director shall issue guidance requiring

agencies to translate privacy policies into a standardized machine-readable format.

‘‘(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘identifiable form’ means any representation of information

that permits the identity of an individual to whom the

information applies to be reasonably inferred by either

direct or indirect means.

‘‘SEC. 209. FEDERAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to improve the skills of the Federal workforce in using information technology to deliver Government information

and services.

‘‘(b) WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In consultation with the Director

of the Office of Management and Budget, the Chief

Information Officers Council, and the Administrator

of General Services, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall—

‘‘(A) analyze, on an ongoing basis, the personnel

needs of the Federal Government related to information technology and information resource management;

‘‘(B) identify where current information technology and information resource management

training do not satisfy the personnel needs described in subparagraph (A);

‘‘(C) oversee the development of curricula, training methods, and training priorities that correspond to the projected personnel needs of the Federal Government related to information technology

and information resource management; and

‘‘(D) assess the training of Federal employees in

information technology disciplines in order to ensure that the information resource management

needs of the Federal Government are addressed.
Page 113 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

‘‘(2) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS.—The head of each Executive agency, after

consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Chief Information Officers

Council, and the Administrator of General Services,

shall establish and operate information technology

training programs consistent with the requirements

of this subsection. Such programs shall—

‘‘(A) have curricula covering a broad range of information technology disciplines corresponding to

the specific information technology and information resource management needs of the agency involved;

‘‘(B) be developed and applied according to rigorous standards; and

‘‘(C) be designed to maximize efficiency, through

the use of self-paced courses, online courses, on-thejob training, and the use of remote instructors,

wherever such features can be applied without reducing the effectiveness of the training or negatively impacting academic standards.

‘‘(3) GOVERNMENTWIDE POLICIES AND EVALUATION.—

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management,

in coordination with the Director of the Office of

Management and Budget, shall issue policies to promote the development of performance standards for

training and uniform implementation of this subsection by Executive agencies, with due regard for

differences in program requirements among agencies

that may be appropriate and warranted in view of the

agency mission. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall evaluate the implementation

of the provisions of this subsection by Executive

agencies.

‘‘(4) CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER AUTHORITIES AND

RESPONSIBILITIES.—Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the head of an Executive agency,

the chief information officer of such agency shall

carry out all powers, functions, and duties of the

head of the agency with respect to implementation of

this subsection. The chief information officer shall

ensure that the policies of the agency head established in accordance with this subsection are implemented throughout the agency.

‘‘(5) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING REPORTING.—The Director of the Office of Management and

Budget shall ensure that the heads of Executive agencies collect and maintain standardized information

on the information technology and information resources management workforce related to the implementation of this subsection.

‘‘(6) AUTHORITY TO DETAIL EMPLOYEES TO NON-FEDERAL EMPLOYERS.—In carrying out the preceding provisions of this subsection, the Director of the Office

of Personnel Management may provide for a program

under which a Federal employee may be detailed to

a non-Federal employer. The Director of the Office of

Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations

for such program, including the conditions for service

and duties as the Director considers necessary.

‘‘(7) COORDINATION PROVISION.—An assignment described in section 3703 of title 5, United States Code,

may not be made unless a program under paragraph

(6) is established, and the assignment is made in accordance with the requirements of such program.

‘‘(8) EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION.—Subject to information resource management needs and the limitations

imposed by resource needs in other occupational

areas, and consistent with their overall workforce development strategies, agencies shall encourage employees to participate in occupational information

technology training.

‘‘(9) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Personnel Management for the implementation of this subsection, $15,000,000 in fiscal year 2003, and such sums

as are necessary for each fiscal year thereafter.

‘‘(10) EXECUTIVE AGENCY DEFINED.—For purposes of

this subsection, the term ‘Executive agency’ has the

meaning given the term ‘agency’ under section 3701 of

title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection

(c)).

‘‘(c) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE PROGRAM.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—[Enacted chapter 37 of Title 5,

Government Organization and Employees.]

‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 4 years after the date

of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the Government Accountability Office shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Government Reform [now

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of

the House of Representatives and the Committee on

Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland

Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate a

report on the operation of chapter 37 of title 5, United

States Code (as added by this subsection). Such report shall include—

‘‘(A) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program established by such chapter; and

‘‘(B) a recommendation as to whether such program should be continued (with or without modification) or allowed to lapse.

‘‘(3) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—[Amended analysis for

part III of Title 5.]

‘‘(d) ETHICS PROVISIONS.—

‘‘(1) ONE-YEAR RESTRICTION ON CERTAIN COMMUNICATIONS.—[Amended section 207 of Title 18, Crimes and

Criminal Procedure.]

‘‘(2) DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.—

[Amended section 1905 of Title 18.]

‘‘(3) CONTRACT ADVICE.—[Amended section 207 of

Title 18.]

‘‘(4) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE OF PROCUREMENT

INFORMATION.—[Amended section 423 of Title 41, Public Contracts.]

‘‘(e) REPORT ON EXISTING EXCHANGE PROGRAMS.—

‘‘(1) EXCHANGE PROGRAM DEFINED.—For purposes of

this subsection, the term ‘exchange program’ means

an executive exchange program, the program under

subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States

Code, and any other program which allows for—

‘‘(A) the assignment of employees of the Federal

Government to non-Federal employers;

‘‘(B) the assignment of employees of non-Federal

employers to the Federal Government; or

‘‘(C) both.

‘‘(2) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 1

year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec.

17, 2002], the Office of Personnel Management shall

prepare and submit to the Committee on Government

Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives and

the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate a report identifying all existing

exchange programs.

‘‘(3) SPECIFIC INFORMATION.—The report shall, for

each such program, include—

‘‘(A) a brief description of the program, including

its size, eligibility requirements, and terms or conditions for participation;

‘‘(B) specific citation to the law or other authority under which the program is established;

‘‘(C) the names of persons to contact for more information, and how they may be reached; and

‘‘(D) any other information which the Office considers appropriate.

‘‘(f) REPORT ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOVERNMENTWIDE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later January 1, 2003, the Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with

the Chief Information Officers Council and the Administrator of General Services, shall review and submit to the Committee on Government Reform [now

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of

the House of Representatives and the Committee on

Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland

Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate a

written report on the following:

‘‘(A) The adequacy of any existing information

technology training programs available to Federal

employees on a Governmentwide basis.
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 114

‘‘(B)(i) If one or more such programs already

exist, recommendations as to how they might be

improved.

‘‘(ii) If no such program yet exists, recommendations as to how such a program might be designed

and established.

‘‘(C) With respect to any recommendations under

subparagraph (B), how the program under chapter

37 of title 5, United States Code, might be used to

help carry them out.

‘‘(2) COST ESTIMATE.—The report shall, for any recommended program (or improvements) under paragraph (1)(B), include the estimated costs associated

with the implementation and operation of such program as so established (or estimated difference in

costs of any such program as so improved).

‘‘(g) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—

‘‘(1) AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE.—

[Amended sections 3111, 4108, and 7353 of Title 5.]

‘‘(2) AMENDMENT TO TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE.—

[Amended section 209 of Title 18.]

‘‘(3) OTHER AMENDMENTS.—[Amended section

125(c)(1) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as a note under section 8432 of Title 5.]

‘‘SEC. 210. SHARE-IN-SAVINGS INITIATIVES.

‘‘(a) DEFENSE CONTRACTS.—[Enacted section 2332 of

Title 10, Armed Forces.]

‘‘(b) OTHER CONTRACTS.—[Enacted section 266a of

Title 41.]

‘‘(c) DEVELOPMENT OF INCENTIVES.—The Director of

the Office of Management and Budget shall, in consultation with the Committee on Governmental Affairs

[now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate, the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and

Government Reform] of the House of Representatives,

and executive agencies, develop techniques to permit

an executive agency to retain a portion of the savings

(after payment of the contractor’s share of the savings)

derived from share-in-savings contracts as funds are appropriated to the agency in future fiscal years.

‘‘(d) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 270 days after the

date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the

Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised to implement the provisions enacted by this section. Such

revisions shall—

‘‘(1) provide for the use of competitive procedures

in the selection and award of share-in-savings contracts to—

‘‘(A) ensure the contractor’s share of savings reflects the risk involved and market conditions; and

‘‘(B) otherwise yield greatest value to the government; and

‘‘(2) allow appropriate regulatory flexibility to facilitate the use of share-in-savings contracts by executive agencies, including the use of innovative provisions for technology refreshment and nonstandard

Federal Acquisition Regulation contract clauses.

‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE.—The Administrator of

General Services shall—

‘‘(1) identify potential opportunities for the use of

share-in-savings contracts; and

‘‘(2) in consultation with the Director of the Office

of Management and Budget, provide guidance to executive agencies for determining mutually beneficial

savings share ratios and baselines from which savings

may be measured.

‘‘(f) OMB REPORT TO CONGRESS.—In consultation with

executive agencies, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall, not later than 2 years after

the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002],

submit to Congress a report containing—

‘‘(1) a description of the number of share-in-savings

contracts entered into by each executive agency

under by [sic] this section and the amendments made

by this section, and, for each contract identified—

‘‘(A) the information technology acquired;

‘‘(B) the total amount of payments made to the

contractor; and

‘‘(C) the total amount of savings or other measurable benefits realized;

‘‘(2) a description of the ability of agencies to determine the baseline costs of a project against which

savings can be measured; and

‘‘(3) any recommendations, as the Director deems

appropriate, regarding additional changes in law that

may be necessary to ensure effective use of share-insavings contracts by executive agencies.

‘‘(g) GAO REPORT TO CONGRESS.—The Comptroller

General shall, not later than 6 months after the report

required under subsection (f) is submitted to Congress,

conduct a review of that report and submit to Congress

a report containing—

‘‘(1) the results of the review;

‘‘(2) an independent assessment by the Comptroller

General of the effectiveness of the use of share-insavings contracts in improving the mission-related

and administrative processes of the executive agencies and the achievement of agency missions; and

‘‘(3) a recommendation on whether the authority to

enter into share-in-savings contracts should be continued.

‘‘(h) REPEAL OF SHARE-IN-SAVINGS PILOT PROGRAM.—

‘‘(1) REPEAL.—[Repealed section 11521 of Title 40,

Public Buildings, Property, and Works.]

‘‘(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO PILOT PROGRAM

AUTHORITY.—[Amended sections 11501 to 11505 of Title

40.]

‘‘(3) ADDITIONAL CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—[Redesignated 11522 of Title 40 as 11521 and amended headings and analysis.]

‘‘(i) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘contractor’, ‘savings’, and ‘share-in-savings contract’ have the

meanings given those terms in section 317 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

[former 41 U.S.C. 266a; now 41 U.S.C. note prec. 3901] (as

added by subsection (b)).

‘‘SEC. 211. AUTHORIZATION FOR ACQUISITION OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY STATE AND

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS THROUGH FEDERAL

SUPPLY SCHEDULES.

‘‘(a) AUTHORITY TO USE CERTAIN SUPPLY SCHEDULES.—[Amended section 502 of Title 40.]

‘‘(b) PROCEDURES.—Not later than 30 days after the

date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the Administrator of General Services shall establish procedures to implement section 501(c) of title 40, United

States Code (as added by subsection (a)).

‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than December 31, 2004, the

Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and

Government Reform] of the House of Representatives

and the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate a report on the implementation and

effects of the amendment made by subsection (a).

‘‘SEC. 212. INTEGRATED REPORTING STUDY AND

PILOT PROJECTS.

‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are to—

‘‘(1) enhance the interoperability of Federal information systems;

‘‘(2) assist the public, including the regulated community, in electronically submitting information to

agencies under Federal requirements, by reducing the

burden of duplicate collection and ensuring the accuracy of submitted information; and

‘‘(3) enable any person to integrate and obtain similar information held by 1 or more agencies under 1 or

more Federal requirements without violating the privacy rights of an individual.

‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the term—

‘‘(1) ‘agency’ means an Executive agency as defined

under section 105 of title 5, United States Code; and

‘‘(2) ‘person’ means any individual, trust, firm,

joint stock company, corporation (including a government corporation), partnership, association,

State, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a State, interstate body, or agency or component of the Federal Government.
Page 115 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

‘‘(c) REPORT.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years after the

date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the Director shall oversee a study, in consultation with

agencies, the regulated community, public interest

organizations, and the public, and submit a report to

the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives on

progress toward integrating Federal information systems across agencies.

‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The report under this section

shall—

‘‘(A) address the integration of data elements

used in the electronic collection of information

within databases established under Federal statute

without reducing the quality, accessibility, scope,

or utility of the information contained in each

database;

‘‘(B) address the feasibility of developing, or enabling the development of, software, including

Internet-based tools, for use by reporting persons in

assembling, documenting, and validating the accuracy of information electronically submitted to

agencies under nonvoluntary, statutory, and regulatory requirements;

‘‘(C) address the feasibility of developing a distributed information system involving, on a voluntary basis, at least 2 agencies, that—

‘‘(i) provides consistent, dependable, and timely

public access to the information holdings of 1 or

more agencies, or some portion of such holdings,

without requiring public users to know which

agency holds the information; and

‘‘(ii) allows the integration of public information held by the participating agencies;

‘‘(D) address the feasibility of incorporating other

elements related to the purposes of this section at

the discretion of the Director; and

‘‘(E) make any recommendations that the Director deems appropriate on the use of integrated reporting and information systems, to reduce the burden on reporting and strengthen public access to

databases within and across agencies.

‘‘(d) PILOT PROJECTS TO ENCOURAGE INTEGRATED COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DATA AND INTEROPERABILITY OF FEDERAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to provide input to the

study under subsection (c), the Director shall designate, in consultation with agencies, a series of no

more than 5 pilot projects that integrate data elements. The Director shall consult with agencies, the

regulated community, public interest organizations,

and the public on the implementation of the pilot

projects.

‘‘(2) GOALS OF PILOT PROJECTS.—

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each goal described under subparagraph (B) shall be addressed by at least 1 pilot

project each.

‘‘(B) GOALS.—The goals under this paragraph are

to—

‘‘(i) reduce information collection burdens by

eliminating duplicative data elements within 2 or

more reporting requirements;

‘‘(ii) create interoperability between or among

public databases managed by 2 or more agencies

using technologies and techniques that facilitate

public access; and

‘‘(iii) develop, or enable the development of,

software to reduce errors in electronically submitted information.

‘‘(3) INPUT.—Each pilot project shall seek input

from users on the utility of the pilot project and

areas for improvement. To the extent practicable, the

Director shall consult with relevant agencies and

State, tribal, and local governments in carrying out

the report and pilot projects under this section.

‘‘(e) PROTECTIONS.—The activities authorized under

this section shall afford protections for—

‘‘(1) confidential business information consistent

with section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code,

and other relevant law;

‘‘(2) personal privacy information under sections

552(b)(6) and (7)(C) and 552a of title 5, United States

Code, and other relevant law;

‘‘(3) other information consistent with section

552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code, and other relevant law; and

‘‘(4) confidential statistical information collected

under a confidentiality pledge, solely for statistical

purposes, consistent with the Office of Management

and Budget’s Federal Statistical Confidentiality

Order, and other relevant law.

‘‘SEC. 213. COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY CENTERS.

‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are to—

‘‘(1) study and enhance the effectiveness of community technology centers, public libraries, and other

institutions that provide computer and Internet access to the public; and

‘‘(2) promote awareness of the availability of online government information and services, to users of

community technology centers, public libraries, and

other public facilities that provide access to computer technology and Internet access to the public.

‘‘(b) STUDY AND REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after

the effective date of this title [see Effective Date note

set out under section 3601 of this title], the Administrator shall—

‘‘(1) ensure that a study is conducted to evaluate

the best practices of community technology centers

that have received Federal funds; and

‘‘(2) submit a report on the study to—

‘‘(A) the Committee on Governmental Affairs

[now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate;

‘‘(B) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,

and Pensions of the Senate;

‘‘(C) the Committee on Government Reform [now

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]

of the House of Representatives; and

‘‘(D) the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives.

‘‘(c) CONTENTS.—The report under subsection (b) may

consider—

‘‘(1) an evaluation of the best practices being used

by successful community technology centers;

‘‘(2) a strategy for—

‘‘(A) continuing the evaluation of best practices

used by community technology centers; and

‘‘(B) establishing a network to share information

and resources as community technology centers

evolve;

‘‘(3) the identification of methods to expand the use

of best practices to assist community technology centers, public libraries, and other institutions that provide computer and Internet access to the public;

‘‘(4) a database of all community technology centers that have received Federal funds, including—

‘‘(A) each center’s name, location, services provided, director, other points of contact, number of

individuals served; and

‘‘(B) other relevant information;

‘‘(5) an analysis of whether community technology

centers have been deployed effectively in urban and

rural areas throughout the Nation; and

‘‘(6) recommendations of how to—

‘‘(A) enhance the development of community

technology centers; and

‘‘(B) establish a network to share information and

resources.

‘‘(d) COOPERATION.—All agencies that fund community technology centers shall provide to the Administrator any information and assistance necessary for the

completion of the study and the report under this section.

‘‘(e) ASSISTANCE.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall work with
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 116

other relevant Federal agencies, and other interested

persons in the private and nonprofit sectors to—

‘‘(A) assist in the implementation of recommendations; and

‘‘(B) identify other ways to assist community

technology centers, public libraries, and other institutions that provide computer and Internet access to the public.

‘‘(2) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance under this

subsection may include—

‘‘(A) contribution of funds;

‘‘(B) donations of equipment, and training in the

use and maintenance of the equipment; and

‘‘(C) the provision of basic instruction or training

material in computer skills and Internet usage.

‘‘(f) ONLINE TUTORIAL.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, the Director of

the Institute of Museum and Library Services, other

relevant agencies, and the public, shall develop an

online tutorial that—

‘‘(A) explains how to access Government information and services on the Internet; and

‘‘(B) provides a guide to available online resources.

‘‘(2) DISTRIBUTION.—The Administrator, with assistance from the Secretary of Education, shall distribute information on the tutorial to community technology centers, public libraries, and other institutions that afford Internet access to the public.

‘‘(g) PROMOTION OF COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY CENTERS.—The Administrator, with assistance from the

Department of Education and in consultation with

other agencies and organizations, shall promote the

availability of community technology centers to raise

awareness within each community where such a center

is located.

‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated for the study of best

practices at community technology centers, for the development and dissemination of the online tutorial,

and for the promotion of community technology centers under this section—

‘‘(1) $2,000,000 in fiscal year 2003;

‘‘(2) $2,000,000 in fiscal year 2004; and

‘‘(3) such sums as are necessary in fiscal years 2005

through 2007.

‘‘SEC. 214. ENHANCING CRISIS MANAGEMENT

THROUGH ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to improve how information technology is used in coordinating and facilitating information on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, while ensuring the

availability of such information across multiple access

channels.

‘‘(b) IN GENERAL.—

‘‘(1) STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF CRISIS RESPONSE.—

Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of

this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the Administrator, in consultation with the Federal Emergency Management

Agency, shall ensure that a study is conducted on

using information technology to enhance crisis preparedness, response, and consequence management of

natural and manmade disasters.

‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The study under this subsection

shall address—

‘‘(A) a research and implementation strategy for

effective use of information technology in crisis response and consequence management, including the

more effective use of technologies, management of

information technology research initiatives, and

incorporation of research advances into the information and communications systems of—

‘‘(i) the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and

‘‘(ii) other Federal, State, and local agencies responsible for crisis preparedness, response, and

consequence management; and

‘‘(B) opportunities for research and development

on enhanced technologies into areas of potential

improvement as determined during the course of

the study.

‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date

on which a contract is entered into under paragraph

(1), the Administrator shall submit a report on the

study, including findings and recommendations to—

‘‘(A) the Committee on Governmental Affairs

[now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate; and

‘‘(B) the Committee on Government Reform [now

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]

of the House of Representatives.

‘‘(4) INTERAGENCY COOPERATION.—Other Federal departments and agencies with responsibility for disaster relief and emergency assistance shall fully cooperate with the Administrator in carrying out this

section.

‘‘(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated for research under this

subsection, such sums as are necessary for fiscal year

2003.

‘‘(c) PILOT PROJECTS.—Based on the results of the research conducted under subsection (b), the Administrator, in consultation with the Federal Emergency

Management Agency, shall initiate pilot projects or report to Congress on other activities that further the

goal of maximizing the utility of information technology in disaster management. The Administrator

shall cooperate with other relevant agencies, and, if appropriate, State, local, and tribal governments, in initiating such pilot projects.

‘‘SEC. 215. DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO THE INTERNET.

‘‘(a) STUDY AND REPORT.—

‘‘(1) STUDY.—Not later than 90 days after the date of

enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], the Administrator of General Services shall request that the National Academy of Sciences, acting through the National Research Council, enter into a contract to conduct a study on disparities in Internet access for online Government services.

‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date

of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of General Services shall submit to the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and

the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the

House of Representatives a final report of the study

under this section, which shall set forth the findings,

conclusions, and recommendations of the National

Research Council.

‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—The report under subsection (a) shall

include a study of—

‘‘(1) how disparities in Internet access influence the

effectiveness of online Government services, including a review of—

‘‘(A) the nature of disparities in Internet access;

‘‘(B) the affordability of Internet service;

‘‘(C) the incidence of disparities among different

groups within the population; and

‘‘(D) changes in the nature of personal and public

Internet access that may alleviate or aggravate effective access to online Government services;

‘‘(2) how the increase in online Government services

is influencing the disparities in Internet access and

how technology development or diffusion trends may

offset such adverse influences; and

‘‘(3) related societal effects arising from the interplay of disparities in Internet access and the increase

in online Government services.

‘‘(c) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The report shall include recommendations on actions to ensure that online Government initiatives shall not have the unintended result of

increasing any deficiency in public access to Government services.

‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated $950,000 in fiscal year 2003

to carry out this section.
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‘‘SEC. 216. COMMON PROTOCOLS FOR GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION SYSTEMS.

‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are to—

‘‘(1) reduce redundant data collection and information; and

‘‘(2) promote collaboration and use of standards for

government geographic information.

‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘geographic information’ means information systems that

involve locational data, such as maps or other geospatial information resources.

‘‘(c) IN GENERAL.—

‘‘(1) COMMON PROTOCOLS.—The Administrator, in

consultation with the Secretary of the Interior,

working with the Director and through an interagency group, and working with private sector experts, State, local, and tribal governments, commercial and international standards groups, and other interested parties, shall facilitate the development of

common protocols for the development, acquisition,

maintenance, distribution, and application of geographic information. If practicable, the Administrator shall incorporate intergovernmental and public private geographic information partnerships into

efforts under this subsection.

‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY GROUP.—The interagency group

referred to under paragraph (1) shall include representatives of the National Institute of Standards

and Technology and other agencies.

‘‘(d) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall oversee—

‘‘(1) the interagency initiative to develop common

protocols;

‘‘(2) the coordination with State, local, and tribal

governments, public private partnerships, and other

interested persons on effective and efficient ways to

align geographic information and develop common

protocols; and

‘‘(3) the adoption of common standards relating to

the protocols.

‘‘(e) COMMON PROTOCOLS.—The common protocols

shall be designed to—

‘‘(1) maximize the degree to which unclassified geographic information from various sources can be

made electronically compatible and accessible; and

‘‘(2) promote the development of interoperable geographic information systems technologies that

shall—

‘‘(A) allow widespread, low-cost use and sharing

of geographic data by Federal agencies, State,

local, and tribal governments, and the public; and

‘‘(B) enable the enhancement of services using geographic data.

‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are

authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section, for each of the fiscal

years 2003 through 2007.’’

INFORMATION SECURITY RESPONSIBILITIES OF CERTAIN

AGENCIES

Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §301(c)(1)(A), Dec. 17, 2002, 116

Stat. 2955, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this Act [see

Tables for classification] (including any amendment

made by this Act) shall supersede any authority of the

Secretary of Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence, or other agency head, as authorized by law and

as directed by the President, with regard to the operation, control, or management of national security systems, as defined by section 3542(b)(2) of title 44, United

States Code.’’

[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or

the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the

Director’s capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director’s capacity as the head of

the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as

a note under section 401 of Title 50, War and National

Defense.]

ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954

Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §301(c)(2), Dec. 17, 2002, 116

Stat. 2955, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this Act [see

Tables for classification] shall supersede any requirement made by or under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954

(42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.). Restricted data or formerly restricted data shall be handled, protected, classified,

downgraded, and declassified in conformity with the

Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).’’

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND

STATISTICAL EFFICIENCY

Pub. L. 107–347, title V, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2962,

provided that:

‘‘SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE.

‘‘This title may be cited as the ‘Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002’.

‘‘SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘As used in this title:

‘‘(1) The term ‘agency’ means any entity that falls

within the definition of the term ‘executive agency’

as defined in section 102 of title 31, United States

Code, or ‘agency’, as defined in section 3502 of title 44,

United States Code.

‘‘(2) The term ‘agent’ means an individual—

‘‘(A)(i) who is an employee of a private organization or a researcher affiliated with an institution of

higher learning (including a person granted special

sworn status by the Bureau of the Census under section 23(c) of title 13, United States Code), and with

whom a contract or other agreement is executed,

on a temporary basis, by an executive agency to

perform exclusively statistical activities under the

control and supervision of an officer or employee of

that agency;

‘‘(ii) who is working under the authority of a government entity with which a contract or other

agreement is executed by an executive agency to

perform exclusively statistical activities under the

control of an officer or employee of that agency;

‘‘(iii) who is a self-employed researcher, a consultant, a contractor, or an employee of a contractor, and with whom a contract or other agreement

is executed by an executive agency to perform a

statistical activity under the control of an officer

or employee of that agency; or

‘‘(iv) who is a contractor or an employee of a contractor, and who is engaged by the agency to design

or maintain the systems for handling or storage of

data received under this title; and

‘‘(B) who agrees in writing to comply with all provisions of law that affect information acquired by

that agency.

‘‘(3) The term ‘business data’ means operating and

financial data and information about businesses, taxexempt organizations, and government entities.

‘‘(4) The term ‘identifiable form’ means any representation of information that permits the identity

of the respondent to whom the information applies to

be reasonably inferred by either direct or indirect

means.

‘‘(5) The term ‘nonstatistical purpose’—

‘‘(A) means the use of data in identifiable form

for any purpose that is not a statistical purpose, including any administrative, regulatory, law enforcement, adjudicatory, or other purpose that affects the rights, privileges, or benefits of a particular identifiable respondent; and

‘‘(B) includes the disclosure under section 552 of

title 5, United States Code (popularly known as the

Freedom of Information Act) of data that are acquired for exclusively statistical purposes under a

pledge of confidentiality.

‘‘(6) The term ‘respondent’ means a person who, or

organization that, is requested or required to supply
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 118

information to an agency, is the subject of information requested or required to be supplied to an agency, or provides that information to an agency.

‘‘(7) The term ‘statistical activities’—

‘‘(A) means the collection, compilation, processing, or analysis of data for the purpose of describing

or making estimates concerning the whole, or relevant groups or components within, the economy,

society, or the natural environment; and

‘‘(B) includes the development of methods or resources that support those activities, such as measurement methods, models, statistical classifications, or sampling frames.

‘‘(8) The term ‘statistical agency or unit’ means an

agency or organizational unit of the executive branch

whose activities are predominantly the collection,

compilation, processing, or analysis of information

for statistical purposes.

‘‘(9) The term ‘statistical purpose’—

‘‘(A) means the description, estimation, or analysis of the characteristics of groups, without identifying the individuals or organizations that comprise such groups; and

‘‘(B) includes the development, implementation,

or maintenance of methods, technical or administrative procedures, or information resources that

support the purposes described in subparagraph (A).

‘‘SEC. 503. COORDINATION AND OVERSIGHT OF

POLICIES.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall coordinate and oversee the

confidentiality and disclosure policies established by

this title. The Director may promulgate rules or provide other guidance to ensure consistent interpretation

of this title by the affected agencies.

‘‘(b) AGENCY RULES.—Subject to subsection (c), agencies may promulgate rules to implement this title.

Rules governing disclosures of information that are authorized by this title shall be promulgated by the agency that originally collected the information.

‘‘(c) REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF RULES.—The Director

shall review any rules proposed by an agency pursuant

to this title for consistency with the provisions of this

title and chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and

such rules shall be subject to the approval of the Director.

‘‘(d) REPORTS.—

‘‘(1) The head of each agency shall provide to the

Director of the Office of Management and Budget

such reports and other information as the Director

requests.

‘‘(2) Each Designated Statistical Agency referred to

in section 522 shall report annually to the Director of

the Office of Management and Budget, the Committee

on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight

and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Governmental Affairs

[now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate on the actions it has

taken to implement sections 523 and 524. The report

shall include copies of each written agreement entered into pursuant to section 524(a) for the applicable year.

‘‘(3) The Director of the Office of Management and

Budget shall include a summary of reports submitted

to the Director under paragraph (2) and actions taken

by the Director to advance the purposes of this title

in the annual report to the Congress on statistical

programs prepared under section 3504(e)(2) of title 44,

United States Code.

‘‘SEC. 504. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

‘‘(a) TITLE 44, UNITED STATES CODE.—This title, including amendments made by this title, does not diminish the authority under section 3510 of title 44,

United States Code, of the Director of the Office of

Management and Budget to direct, and of an agency to

make, disclosures that are not inconsistent with any

applicable law.

‘‘(b) TITLE 13 AND TITLE 44, UNITED STATES CODE.—

This title, including amendments made by this title,

does not diminish the authority of the Bureau of the

Census to provide information in accordance with sections 8, 16, 301, and 401 of title 13, United States Code,

and section 2108 of title 44, United States Code.

‘‘(c) TITLE 13, UNITED STATES CODE.—This title, including amendments made by this title, shall not be

construed as authorizing the disclosure for nonstatistical purposes of demographic data or information collected by the Census Bureau pursuant to section 9 of

title 13, United States Code.

‘‘(d) VARIOUS ENERGY STATUTES.—Data or information acquired by the Energy Information Administration under a pledge of confidentiality and designated

by the Energy Information Administration to be used

for exclusively statistical purposes shall not be disclosed in identifiable form for nonstatistical purposes

under—

‘‘(1) section 12, 20, or 59 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 771, 779, 790h);

‘‘(2) section 11 of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 796); or

‘‘(3) section 205 or 407 of the Department of the Energy Organization Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7135, 7177).

‘‘(e) SECTION 201 OF CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET ACT OF

1974 [2 U.S.C. 601].—This title, including amendments

made by this title, shall not be construed to limit any

authorities of the Congressional Budget Office to work

(consistent with laws governing the confidentiality of

information the disclosure of which would be a violation of law) with databases of Designated Statistical

Agencies (as defined in section 522), either separately

or, for data that may be shared pursuant to section 524

of this title or other authority, jointly in order to improve the general utility of these databases for the statistical purpose of analyzing pension and health care financing issues.

‘‘(f) PREEMPTION OF STATE LAW.—Nothing in this title

shall preempt applicable State law regarding the confidentiality of data collected by the States.

‘‘(g) STATUTES REGARDING FALSE STATEMENTS.—Notwithstanding section 512, information collected by an

agency for exclusively statistical purposes under a

pledge of confidentiality may be provided by the collecting agency to a law enforcement agency for the

prosecution of submissions to the collecting agency of

false statistical information under statutes that authorize criminal penalties (such as section 221 of title

13, United States Code) or civil penalties for the provision of false statistical information, unless such disclosure or use would otherwise be prohibited under Federal law.

‘‘(h) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title shall be

construed as restricting or diminishing any confidentiality protections or penalties for unauthorized disclosure that otherwise apply to data or information collected for statistical purposes or nonstatistical purposes, including, but not limited to, section 6103 of the

Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6103).

‘‘(i) AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS.—Nothing in this title

shall be construed to affect the authority of the Congress, including its committees, members, or agents, to

obtain data or information for a statistical purpose, including for oversight of an agency’s statistical activities.

‘‘SUBTITLE A—CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION

‘‘SEC. 511. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

‘‘(1) Individuals, businesses, and other organizations have varying degrees of legal protection when

providing information to the agencies for strictly statistical purposes.

‘‘(2) Pledges of confidentiality by agencies provide

assurances to the public that information about individuals or organizations or provided by individuals or

organizations for exclusively statistical purposes will

be held in confidence and will not be used against

such individuals or organizations in any agency action.
Page 119 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

‘‘(3) Protecting the confidentiality interests of individuals or organizations who provide information

under a pledge of confidentiality for Federal statistical programs serves both the interests of the public

and the needs of society.

‘‘(4) Declining trust of the public in the protection

of information provided under a pledge of confidentiality to the agencies adversely affects both the accuracy and completeness of statistical analyses.

‘‘(5) Ensuring that information provided under a

pledge of confidentiality for statistical purposes receives protection is essential in continuing public cooperation in statistical programs.

‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this subtitle are the

following:

‘‘(1) To ensure that information supplied by individuals or organizations to an agency for statistical purposes under a pledge of confidentiality is used exclusively for statistical purposes.

‘‘(2) To ensure that individuals or organizations

who supply information under a pledge of confidentiality to agencies for statistical purposes will neither have that information disclosed in identifiable

form to anyone not authorized by this title nor have

that information used for any purpose other than a

statistical purpose.

‘‘(3) To safeguard the confidentiality of individually

identifiable information acquired under a pledge of

confidentiality for statistical purposes by controlling

access to, and uses made of, such information.

‘‘SEC. 512. LIMITATIONS ON USE AND DISCLOSURE

OF DATA AND INFORMATION.

‘‘(a) USE OF STATISTICAL DATA OR INFORMATION.—Data

or information acquired by an agency under a pledge of

confidentiality and for exclusively statistical purposes

shall be used by officers, employees, or agents of the

agency exclusively for statistical purposes.

‘‘(b) DISCLOSURE OF STATISTICAL DATA OR INFORMATION.—

‘‘(1) Data or information acquired by an agency

under a pledge of confidentiality for exclusively statistical purposes shall not be disclosed by an agency

in identifiable form, for any use other than an exclusively statistical purpose, except with the informed

consent of the respondent.

‘‘(2) A disclosure pursuant to paragraph (1) is authorized only when the head of the agency approves

such disclosure and the disclosure is not prohibited

by any other law.

‘‘(3) This section does not restrict or diminish any

confidentiality protections in law that otherwise

apply to data or information acquired by an agency

under a pledge of confidentiality for exclusively statistical purposes.

‘‘(c) RULE FOR USE OF DATA OR INFORMATION FOR NONSTATISTICAL PURPOSES.—A statistical agency or unit

shall clearly distinguish any data or information it collects for nonstatistical purposes (as authorized by law)

and provide notice to the public, before the data or information is collected, that the data or information

could be used for nonstatistical purposes.

‘‘(d) DESIGNATION OF AGENTS.—A statistical agency or

unit may designate agents, by contract or by entering

into a special agreement containing the provisions required under section 502(2) for treatment as an agent

under that section, who may perform exclusively statistical activities, subject to the limitations and penalties described in this title.

‘‘SEC. 513. FINES AND PENALTIES.

‘‘Whoever, being an officer, employee, or agent of an

agency acquiring information for exclusively statistical purposes, having taken and subscribed the oath of

office, or having sworn to observe the limitations imposed by section 512, comes into possession of such information by reason of his or her being an officer, employee, or agent and, knowing that the disclosure of

the specific information is prohibited under the provisions of this title, willfully discloses the information in

any manner to a person or agency not entitled to receive it, shall be guilty of a class E felony and imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or fined not more than

$250,000, or both.

‘‘SUBTITLE B—STATISTICAL EFFICIENCY

‘‘SEC. 521. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:

‘‘(1) Federal statistics are an important source of

information for public and private decision-makers

such as policymakers, consumers, businesses, investors, and workers.

‘‘(2) Federal statistical agencies should continuously seek to improve their efficiency. Statutory

constraints limit the ability of these agencies to

share data and thus to achieve higher efficiency for

Federal statistical programs.

‘‘(3) The quality of Federal statistics depends on

the willingness of businesses to respond to statistical

surveys. Reducing reporting burdens will increase response rates, and therefore lead to more accurate

characterizations of the economy.

‘‘(4) Enhanced sharing of business data among the

Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for exclusively

statistical purposes will improve their ability to

track more accurately the large and rapidly changing

nature of United States business. In particular, the

statistical agencies will be able to better ensure that

businesses are consistently classified in appropriate

industries, resolve data anomalies, produce statistical samples that are consistently adjusted for the

entry and exit of new businesses in a timely manner,

and correct faulty reporting errors quickly and efficiently.

‘‘(5) The Congress enacted the International Investment and Trade in Services Act of 1990 [probably

means the International Investment and Trade in

Services Survey Act, Pub. L. 94–472, as amended by

Pub. L. 101–533, which is classified to 22 U.S.C. 3101 et

seq.] that allowed the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor

Statistics to share data on foreign-owned companies.

The Act not only expanded detailed industry coverage from 135 industries to over 800 industries with

no increase in the data collected from respondents

but also demonstrated how data sharing can result in

the creation of valuable data products.

‘‘(6) With subtitle A of this title, the sharing of

business data among the Bureau of the Census, the

Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Bureau of

Labor Statistics continues to ensure the highest level

of confidentiality for respondents to statistical surveys.

‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this subtitle are the

following:

‘‘(1) To authorize the sharing of business data

among the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics

for exclusively statistical purposes.

‘‘(2) To reduce the paperwork burdens imposed on

businesses that provide requested information to the

Federal Government.

‘‘(3) To improve the comparability and accuracy of

Federal economic statistics by allowing the Bureau

of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and

the Bureau of Labor Statistics to update sample

frames, develop consistent classifications of establishments and companies into industries, improve

coverage, and reconcile significant differences in data

produced by the three agencies.

‘‘(4) To increase understanding of the United States

economy, especially for key industry and regional

statistics, to develop more accurate measures of the

impact of technology on productivity growth, and to

enhance the reliability of the Nation’s most important economic indicators, such as the National Income and Product Accounts.

‘‘SEC. 522. DESIGNATION OF STATISTICAL AGENCIES.

‘‘For purposes of this subtitle, the term ‘Designated

Statistical Agency’ means each of the following:
§ 3501 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 120

‘‘(1) The Bureau of the Census of the Department of

Commerce.

‘‘(2) The Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce.

‘‘(3) The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.

‘‘SEC. 523. RESPONSIBILITIES OF DESIGNATED

STATISTICAL AGENCIES.

‘‘The head of each of the Designated Statistical Agencies shall—

‘‘(1) identify opportunities to eliminate duplication

and otherwise reduce reporting burden and cost imposed on the public in providing information for statistical purposes;

‘‘(2) enter into joint statistical projects to improve

the quality and reduce the cost of statistical programs; and

‘‘(3) protect the confidentiality of individually identifiable information acquired for statistical purposes

by adhering to safeguard principles, including—

‘‘(A) emphasizing to their officers, employees, and

agents the importance of protecting the confidentiality of information in cases where the identity of

individual respondents can reasonably be inferred

by either direct or indirect means;

‘‘(B) training their officers, employees, and

agents in their legal obligations to protect the confidentiality of individually identifiable information

and in the procedures that must be followed to provide access to such information;

‘‘(C) implementing appropriate measures to assure the physical and electronic security of confidential data;

‘‘(D) establishing a system of records that identifies individuals accessing confidential data and the

project for which the data were required; and

‘‘(E) being prepared to document their compliance with safeguard principles to other agencies authorized by law to monitor such compliance.

‘‘SEC. 524. SHARING OF BUSINESS DATA AMONG

DESIGNATED STATISTICAL AGENCIES.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A Designated Statistical Agency

may provide business data in an identifiable form to

another Designated Statistical Agency under the terms

of a written agreement among the agencies sharing the

business data that specifies—

‘‘(1) the business data to be shared;

‘‘(2) the statistical purposes for which the business

data are to be used;

‘‘(3) the officers, employees, and agents authorized

to examine the business data to be shared; and

‘‘(4) appropriate security procedures to safeguard

the confidentiality of the business data.

‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES UNDER OTHER

LAWS.—The provision of business data by an agency to

a Designated Statistical Agency under this subtitle

shall in no way alter the responsibility of the agency

providing the data under other statutes (including section 552 of title 5, United States Code (popularly known

as the Freedom of Information Act), and section 552b of

title 5, United States Code (popularly known as the Privacy Act of 1974 [Pub. L. 93–579, see Short Title note set

out under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees])) with respect to the provision or

withholding of such information by the agency providing the data.

‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND

AGENTS.—Examination of business data in identifiable

form shall be limited to the officers, employees, and

agents authorized to examine the individual reports in

accordance with written agreements pursuant to this

section. Officers, employees, and agents of a Designated

Statistical Agency who receive data pursuant to this

subtitle shall be subject to all provisions of law, including penalties, that relate—

‘‘(1) to the unlawful provision of the business data

that would apply to the officers, employees, and

agents of the agency that originally obtained the information; and

‘‘(2) to the unlawful disclosure of the business data

that would apply to officers, employees, and agents of

the agency that originally obtained the information.

‘‘(d) NOTICE.—Whenever a written agreement concerns data that respondents were required by law to report and the respondents were not informed that the

data could be shared among the Designated Statistical

Agencies, for exclusively statistical purposes, the

terms of such agreement shall be described in a public

notice issued by the agency that intends to provide the

data. Such notice shall allow a minimum of 60 days for

public comment.

‘‘SEC. 525. LIMITATIONS ON USE OF BUSINESS

DATA PROVIDED BY DESIGNATED STATISTICAL AGENCIES.

‘‘(a) USE, GENERALLY.—Business data provided by a

Designated Statistical Agency pursuant to this subtitle

shall be used exclusively for statistical purposes.

‘‘(b) PUBLICATION.—Publication of business data acquired by a Designated Statistical Agency shall occur

in a manner whereby the data furnished by any particular respondent are not in identifiable form.

‘‘SEC. 526. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

‘‘(a) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.—[Amended section

176a of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.]

‘‘(b) TITLE 13.—[Enacted section 402 of Title 13, Census.]’’.

WAIVER OF PAPERWORK REDUCTION

Pub. L. 101–508, title IV, §4711(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat.

1388–187, provided that: ‘‘Chapter 35 of title 44, United

States Code, and Executive Order 12291 [formerly set

out as a note under section 601 of Title 5, Government

Organization and Employees] shall not apply to information and regulations required for purposes of carrying out this Act [see Tables for classification] and implementing the amendments made by this Act.’’

EX. ORD. NO. 13556. CONTROLLED UNCLASSIFIED

INFORMATION

Ex. Ord. No. 13556, Nov. 4, 2010, 75 F.R. 68675, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the

Constitution and the laws of the United States of

America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Purpose. This order establishes an open and

uniform program for managing information that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls pursuant

to and consistent with law, regulations, and Government-wide policies, excluding information that is classified under Executive Order 13526 of December 29, 2009,

or the Atomic Energy Act, as amended.

At present, executive departments and agencies

(agencies) employ ad hoc, agency-specific policies, procedures, and markings to safeguard and control this information, such as information that involves privacy,

security, proprietary business interests, and law enforcement investigations. This inefficient, confusing

patchwork has resulted in inconsistent marking and

safeguarding of documents, led to unclear or unnecessarily restrictive dissemination policies, and created

impediments to authorized information sharing. The

fact that these agency-specific policies are often hidden

from public view has only aggravated these issues.

To address these problems, this order establishes a

program for managing this information, hereinafter described as Controlled Unclassified Information, that

emphasizes the openness and uniformity of Government-wide practice.

SEC. 2. Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).

(a) The CUI categories and subcategories shall serve

as exclusive designations for identifying unclassified

information throughout the executive branch that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls, pursuant to and consistent with applicable law, regulations,

and Government-wide policies.

(b) The mere fact that information is designated as

CUI shall not have a bearing on determinations pursuant to any law requiring the disclosure of information
Page 121 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3501

or permitting disclosure as a matter of discretion, including disclosures to the legislative or judicial

branches.

(c) The National Archives and Records Administration shall serve as the Executive Agent to implement

this order and oversee agency actions to ensure compliance with this order.

SEC. 3. Review of Current Designations.

(a) Each agency head shall, within 180 days of the

date of this order:

(1) review all categories, subcategories, and markings

used by the agency to designate unclassified information for safeguarding or dissemination controls; and

(2) submit to the Executive Agent a catalogue of proposed categories and subcategories of CUI, and proposed associated markings for information designated

as CUI under section 2(a) of this order. This submission

shall provide definitions for each proposed category

and subcategory and identify the basis in law, regulation, or Government-wide policy for safeguarding or

dissemination controls.

(b) If there is significant doubt about whether information should be designated as CUI, it shall not be so

designated.

SEC. 4. Development of CUI Categories and Policies.

(a) On the basis of the submissions under section 3 of

this order or future proposals, and in consultation with

affected agencies, the Executive Agent shall, in a timely manner, approve categories and subcategories of CUI

and associated markings to be applied uniformly

throughout the executive branch and to become effective upon publication in the registry established under

subsection (d) of this section. No unclassified information meeting the requirements of section 2(a) of this

order shall be disapproved for inclusion as CUI, but the

Executive Agent may resolve conflicts among categories and subcategories of CUI to achieve uniformity

and may determine the markings to be used.

(b) The Executive Agent, in consultation with affected agencies, shall develop and issue such directives

as are necessary to implement this order. Such directives shall be made available to the public and shall

provide policies and procedures concerning marking,

safeguarding, dissemination, and decontrol of CUI that,

to the extent practicable and permitted by law, regulation, and Government-wide policies, shall remain consistent across categories and subcategories of CUI and

throughout the executive branch. In developing such

directives, appropriate consideration should be given to

the report of the interagency Task Force on Controlled

Unclassified Information published in August 2009. The

Executive Agent shall issue initial directives for the

implementation of this order within 180 days of the

date of this order.

(c) The Executive Agent shall convene and chair

interagency meetings to discuss matters pertaining to

the program established by this order.

(d) Within 1 year of the date of this order, the Executive Agent shall establish and maintain a public CUI

registry reflecting authorized CUI categories and subcategories, associated markings, and applicable safeguarding, dissemination, and decontrol procedures.

(e) If the Executive Agent and an agency cannot

reach agreement on an issue related to the implementation of this order, that issue may be appealed to the

President through the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(f) In performing its functions under this order, the

Executive Agent, in accordance with applicable law,

shall consult with representatives of the public and

State, local, tribal, and private sector partners on matters related to approving categories and subcategories

of CUI and developing implementing directives issued

by the Executive Agent pursuant to this order.

SEC. 5. Implementation.

(a) Within 180 days of the issuance of initial policies

and procedures by the Executive Agent in accordance

with section 4(b) of this order, each agency that originates or handles CUI shall provide the Executive Agent

with a proposed plan for compliance with the requirements of this order, including the establishment of interim target dates.

(b) After a review of agency plans, and in consultation with affected agencies and the Office of Management and Budget, the Executive Agent shall establish

deadlines for phased implementation by agencies.

(c) In each of the first 5 years following the date of

this order and biennially thereafter, the Executive

Agent shall publish a report on the status of agency

implementation of this order.

SEC. 6. General Provisions.

(a) This order shall be implemented in a manner consistent with:

(1) applicable law, including protections of confidentiality and privacy rights;

(2) the statutory authority of the heads of agencies,

including authorities related to the protection of information provided by the private sector to the Federal

Government; and

(3) applicable Government-wide standards and guidelines issued by the National Institute of Standards and

Technology, and applicable policies established by the

Office of Management and Budget.

(b) The Director of National Intelligence (Director),

with respect to the Intelligence Community and after

consultation with the heads of affected agencies, may

issue such policy directives and guidelines as the Director deems necessary to implement this order with respect to intelligence and intelligence-related information. Procedures or other guidance issued by Intelligence Community element heads shall be in accordance with such policy directives or guidelines issued by

the Director. Any such policy directives or guidelines

issued by the Director shall be in accordance with this

order and directives issued by the Executive Agent.

(c) This order shall not be construed to impair or

otherwise affect the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary,

administrative, and legislative proposals.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create

any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the

United States, its departments, agencies, or entities,

its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(e) This order shall be implemented subject to the

availability of appropriations.

(f) The Attorney General, upon request by the head of

an agency or the Executive Agent, shall render an interpretation of this order with respect to any question

arising in the course of its administration.

(g) The Presidential Memorandum of May 7, 2008, entitled ‘‘Designation and Sharing of Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)’’ is hereby rescinded.

BARACK OBAMA.

MAKING IT EASIER FOR AMERICA’S SMALL BUSINESSES

AND AMERICA’S EXPORTERS TO ACCESS GOVERNMENT

SERVICES TO HELP THEM GROW AND HIRE

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct.

28, 2011, 76 F.R. 68049, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

As I outlined in my State of the Union address to the

Congress on January 25, 2011, winning the future in the

global economy will require a Government that wisely

allocates its scarce resources to maximize efficiency

and effectiveness so that it can best support American

competitiveness, innovation, and job growth. If we are

to thrive in the global economy, and make America the

best place on Earth to do business, we need to equip our

Government with the tools necessary to support innovation and job growth in the 21st century.

Accordingly, we must make it easier for businesses to

access the full range of Government programs and services without having to waste effort navigating their

way through the Federal bureaucracy. At the same

time, we must further streamline and coordinate Federal programs to reduce costs and provide customeroriented service.
§ 3502 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 122

Businesses looking for assistance from the Federal

Government should feel like they are interacting with

one entity, rather than a number of separate, albeit

linked, components. This means adopting a ‘‘No Wrong

Door’’ policy that uses technology to quickly connect

businesses to the services and information relevant to

them, regardless of which agency’s website, call center,

or office they go to for help.

In addition, a business’s interactions with the Federal Government should be individualized and efficient.

If the private sector can allow consumers to customize

interactions so that they receive only the information

they want, in the form they want it, so can the Federal

Government.

Today, I am directing a first wave of changes focused

on both small businesses and businesses of all sizes that

want to begin or increase exporting (exporters), because those businesses help drive economic growth and

have the most to gain from Federal assistance. We plan

to use the resulting improvements as a model for future reforms so that, in time, all businesses and all

citizens receive the highest level of customer service

when they interact with the Federal Government.

Accordingly, I direct the following:

(1) All executive departments and agencies (agencies)

shall work with a Steering Committee co-chaired by

the Federal Chief Information Officer, Assistant to the

President and Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Performance Officer (the Co-Chairs) to carry out the directives in this memorandum within 90 days of the date of

this memorandum, unless a provision of this memorandum expressly states otherwise. The Steering Committee shall include senior policy and technical representatives, appointed by the heads of their respective agencies, from the Departments of State, Defense, Agriculture, Commerce, and Veterans Affairs, the Small

Business Administration (SBA), the General Services

Administration (GSA), the Export-Import Bank, and

other agencies designated by the Co-Chairs. The CoChairs and representatives from the Department of

Commerce and SBA shall serve as the Executive Committee of the Steering Committee, which shall coordinate the strategy, design, development, launch, and operation of BusinessUSA, a common, open, online platform and web service with dedicated resources that

will, as a first step, disseminate core information regarding the Federal Government’s programs and services relevant to small businesses and exporters.

(2) Agencies shall work with the Steering Committee

to develop and launch an introductory version of

BusinessUSA. BusinessUSA shall be designed, tested,

and built with the active feedback of U.S. businesses

and relevant online communities. To the extent appropriate, practicable, and permitted by law, the

BusinessUSA platform shall integrate related State

and local government services as well as those of private sector partners.

(3) Agencies shall make information regarding their

small business and export programs and services accessible through BusinessUSA. To accomplish this in a

uniform fashion, the Steering Committee shall develop

a common set of standards for content available

through BusinessUSA, which shall identify the types of

programs and services to be included initially on

BusinessUSA and a structure for organizing and presenting such information. These standards shall be

used by all agencies in the creation, presentation, and

delivery of information regarding their programs and

services, to the extent practicable and permitted by

law.

(4) Agencies shall also work with the Steering Committee to develop new content for BusinessUSA that

synthesizes information available across agencies to

better serve small businesses and exporters. Among

other things, agencies shall work together to aggregate

on the BusinessUSA platform statistical, demographic,

and other raw Government datasets of particular interest to small businesses and exporters, making Government data more easily accessible and spurring innovative uses of the data through business-oriented web or

mobile applications.

(5) Agencies shall integrate BusinessUSA, including

ready access to the BusinessUSA website, into their

current websites, call centers, and field offices to ensure that small businesses and exporters have access to

the wide range of Government programs and services at

each entry point into the Federal Government. During

the year following the date of this memorandum, agencies shall work with GSA and the Office of Management

and Budget to enhance the centralized call center for

responding to public questions about Federal programs

and services (1–800–FED–INFO) to add expertise with

Government programs and services for small businesses

and exporters.

(6) (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law or Executive Order to

an agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) BusinessUSA shall be operated by a single hosting

agency under the Executive Committee’s coordination.

To the extent permitted by law, agencies shall reimburse the hosting agency for the cost of establishing,

maintaining, and operating BusinessUSA.

(c) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability

of appropriations.

(d) This memorandum is not intended to, and does

not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party

against the United States, its departments, agencies, or

entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other

person.

(7) The Director of the Office of Management and

Budget is authorized and directed to publish this

memorandum in the Federal Register.

BARACK OBAMA.

§ 3502. Definitions

As used in this subchapter—

(1) the term ‘‘agency’’ means any executive

department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the

Executive Office of the President), or any

independent regulatory agency, but does not

include—

(A) the Government Accountability Office;

(B) Federal Election Commission;

(C) the governments of the District of Columbia and of the territories and possessions

of the United States, and their various subdivisions; or

(D) Government-owned contractor-operated facilities, including laboratories engaged in national defense research and production activities;

(2) the term ‘‘burden’’ means time, effort, or

financial resources expended by persons to

generate, maintain, or provide information to

or for a Federal agency, including the resources expended for—

(A) reviewing instructions;

(B) acquiring, installing, and utilizing

technology and systems;

(C) adjusting the existing ways to comply

with any previously applicable instructions

and requirements;

(D) searching data sources;

(E) completing and reviewing the collection of information; and

(F) transmitting, or otherwise disclosing

the information;
Page 123 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3502

(3) the term ‘‘collection of information’’—

(A) means the obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure

to third parties or the public, of facts or

opinions by or for an agency, regardless of

form or format, calling for either—

(i) answers to identical questions posed

to, or identical reporting or recordkeeping

requirements imposed on, ten or more persons, other than agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or

(ii) answers to questions posed to agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of

the United States which are to be used for

general statistical purposes; and

(B) shall not include a collection of information described under section 3518(c)(1);

(4) the term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director

of the Office of Management and Budget;

(5) the term ‘‘independent regulatory agency’’ means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Commodity Futures

Trading Commission, the Consumer Product

Safety Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Federal Maritime Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the

Interstate Commerce Commission, the Mine

Enforcement Safety and Health Review Commission, the National Labor Relations Board,

the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, the Postal Regulatory Commission, the

Securities and Exchange Commission, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the

Office of Financial Research, Office of the

Comptroller of the Currency, and any other

similar agency designated by statute as a Federal independent regulatory agency or commission;

(6) the term ‘‘information resources’’ means

information and related resources, such as

personnel, equipment, funds, and information

technology;

(7) the term ‘‘information resources management’’ means the process of managing information resources to accomplish agency missions and to improve agency performance, including through the reduction of information

collection burdens on the public;

(8) the term ‘‘information system’’ means a

discrete set of information resources organized

for the collection, processing, maintenance,

use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of

information;

(9) the term ‘‘information technology’’ has

the meaning given that term in section 11101

of title 40 but does not include national security systems as defined in section 11103 of title

40;

(10) the term ‘‘person’’ means an individual,

partnership, association, corporation, business

trust, or legal representative, an organized

group of individuals, a State, territorial, tribal, or local government or branch thereof, or a

political subdivision of a State, territory, tribal, or local government or a branch of a political subdivision;

(11) the term ‘‘practical utility’’ means the

ability of an agency to use information, particularly the capability to process such information in a timely and useful fashion;

(12) the term ‘‘public information’’ means

any information, regardless of form or format,

that an agency discloses, disseminates, or

makes available to the public;

(13) the term ‘‘recordkeeping requirement’’

means a requirement imposed by or for an

agency on persons to maintain specified

records, including a requirement to—

(A) retain such records;

(B) notify third parties, the Federal Government, or the public of the existence of

such records;

(C) disclose such records to third parties,

the Federal Government, or the public; or

(D) report to third parties, the Federal

Government, or the public regarding such

records; and

(14) the term ‘‘penalty’’ includes the imposition by an agency or court of a fine or other

punishment; a judgment for monetary damages or equitable relief; or the revocation, suspension, reduction, or denial of a license,

privilege, right, grant, or benefit.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

164; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVI,

§5605(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 700; Pub. L.

105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(h)(5)(A), Nov. 18,

1997, 111 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A],

title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654,

1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(4), Aug. 21, 2002,

116 Stat. 1301; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004,

118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(e),

Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 110–289, div.

A, title II, §1216(e), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2792;

Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §315, title X, §1100D(a),

July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1524, 2111.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3502, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2813; amended Pub. L. 98–443, §9(h), Oct.

4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII,

§812], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–335, and Pub.

L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §812], Oct. 30, 1986, 100

Stat. 3341–308, 3341–335; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §744(e),

Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 438, defined terms used in this

chapter prior to the general amendment of this chapter

by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3502, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 93–153, title IV, §409(a), Nov.

16, 1973, 87 Stat. 593, defined ‘‘Federal agency’’, ‘‘person’’, and ‘‘information’’, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

AMENDMENTS

2010—Par. (5). Pub. L. 111–203, §1100D(a), which directed amendment of section 2(5) of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3502(5)) by inserting ‘‘the Bureau

of Consumer Financial Protection, the Office of Financial Research,’’ after ‘‘the Securities and Exchange

Commission,’’, was executed to this section to reflect

the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–203, §315, inserted ‘‘Office of the Comptroller of the Currency,’’ after ‘‘the Securities and Exchange Commission,’’.

2008—Par. (5). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted ‘‘Federal

Housing Finance Agency’’ for ‘‘Federal Housing Finance Board’’.

2006—Par. (5). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted ‘‘Postal

Regulatory Commission’’ for ‘‘Postal Rate Commission’’.
§ 3503 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 124

2004—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted ‘‘Government Accountability Office’’ for ‘‘General Accounting

Office’’.

2002—Par. (9). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted ‘‘section

11101 of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 5002 of the Clinger-Cohen

Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1401)’’ and ‘‘section 11103 of title

40’’ for ‘‘section 5142 of that Act (40 U.S.C. 1452)’’.

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’ in introductory provisions.

1997—Par. (9). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted ‘‘the ClingerCohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1401)’’ for ‘‘the Information

Technology Management Reform Act of 1996’’ and inserted ‘‘(40 U.S.C. 1452)’’ after ‘‘that Act’’.

1996—Par. (9). Pub. L. 104–106 added par. (9) and struck

out former par. (9) which read as follows: ‘‘the term ‘information technology’ has the same meaning as the

term ‘automatic data processing equipment’ as defined

by section 111(a)(2) and (3)(C)(i) through (v) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

(40 U.S.C. 759(a)(2) and (3)(C)(i) through (v));’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2010 AMENDMENT

Amendment by section 315 of Pub. L. 111–203 effective

1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided,

see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective

Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and

Banking.

Amendment by section 1100D(a) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section

1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section

552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after

Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10,

1996, 110 Stat. 702.

ABOLITION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION AND

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and functions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise

provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation

Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 702 of Title 49,

Transportation, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set

out as a note under section 701 of Title 49. References

to Interstate Commerce Commission deemed to refer to

Surface Transportation Board, a member or employee

of the Board, or Secretary of Transportation, as appropriate, see section 205 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a

note under section 701 of Title 49.

§ 3503. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

(a) There is established in the Office of Management and Budget an office to be known as

the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

(b) There shall be at the head of the Office an

Administrator who shall be appointed by the

President, by and with the advice and consent of

the Senate. The Director shall delegate to the

Administrator the authority to administer all

functions under this subchapter, except that any

such delegation shall not relieve the Director of

responsibility for the administration of such

functions. The Administrator shall serve as

principal adviser to the Director on Federal information resources management policy.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

166; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3503, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2814; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §813(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–336, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §813(a)],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–336, related to the

establishment of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3503, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1303, prescribed duties of Director of Bureau of the Budget, prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3504 of this

title.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

DELEGATION OF OTHER FUNCTIONS TO ADMINISTRATOR

Pub. L. 96–511, §3, Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825, as

amended by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat.

1083; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §821(b)(3)], Oct.

18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–342, and Pub. L. 99–591,

§101(m) [title VIII, §821(b)(3)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat.

3341–308, 3341–342, provided:

‘‘[(a) Repealed]

‘‘(b) The Director of the Office of Management and

Budget shall delegate to the Administrator for the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs all functions, authority, and responsibility of the Director

under section 552a of title 5, United States Code, under

Executive Order 12046 [Ex. Ord. No. 12046, Mar. 27, 1978,

43 F.R. 14193, set out as a note under section 305 of Title

47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs] and

Reorganization Plan No. 1 for telecommunications

[probably means Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1970, 35 F.R. 6421,

84 Stat. 2083, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], and under sections

110 and 111 of the Federal Property and Administrative

Services Act of 1949 ([former 40 U.S.C. 322 and former]

40 U.S.C. 759).’’

[Section 101(m) [title VIII, §833] of Pub. L. 99–500 and

Pub. L. 99–591 provided that: ‘‘This title and the amendments made by this title [amending former sections

3501 to 3507, 3511, 3514, and 3520 of this title and sections

751, 757, and 759 of former Title 40, Public Buildings,

Property, and Works, enacting provisions set out as a

notes under section 101 of this title and former section

3503 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note

above, and repealing provisions set out as a note under

section 759 of former Title 40] shall take effect on the

date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986], except as

provided in section 813(b) [set out as a note under

former section 3503 of this title] and except that the

provisions of section 821 and the amendments made by

such section [amending former sections 3503 and 3504 of

this title, sections 757 and 759 of former Title 40, and

provisions set out as a note above] shall take effect on

January 1, 1987.’’]

§ 3504. Authority and functions of Director

(a)(1) The Director shall oversee the use of information resources to improve the efficiency

and effectiveness of governmental operations to

serve agency missions, including burden reduction and service delivery to the public. In performing such oversight, the Director shall—

(A) develop, coordinate and oversee the implementation of Federal information resources

management policies, principles, standards,

and guidelines; and
Page 125 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3504

1So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘and’’.

(B) provide direction and oversee—

(i) the review and approval of the collection of information and the reduction of the

information collection burden;

(ii) agency dissemination of and public access to information;

(iii) statistical activities;

(iv) records management activities;

(v) privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure, and sharing of information; and

(vi) the acquisition and use of information

technology, including alternative information technologies that provide for electronic

submission, maintenance, or disclosure of

information as a substitute for paper and for

the use and acceptance of electronic signatures.

(2) The authority of the Director under this

subchapter shall be exercised consistent with

applicable law.

(b) With respect to general information resources management policy, the Director shall—

(1) develop and oversee the implementation

of uniform information resources management

policies, principles, standards, and guidelines;

(2) foster greater sharing, dissemination, and

access to public information, including

through—

(A) the use of the Government Information

Locator Service; and

(B) the development and utilization of

common standards for information collection, storage, processing and communication, including standards for security, interconnectivity and interoperability;

(3) initiate and review proposals for changes

in legislation, regulations, and agency procedures to improve information resources management practices;

(4) oversee the development and implementation of best practices in information resources management, including training; and

(5) oversee agency integration of program

and management functions with information

resources management functions.

(c) With respect to the collection of information and the control of paperwork, the Director

shall—

(1) review and approve proposed agency collections of information;

(2) coordinate the review of the collection of

information associated with Federal procurement and acquisition by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs with the Office of

Federal Procurement Policy, with particular

emphasis on applying information technology

to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of

Federal procurement, acquisition and payment, and to reduce information collection

burdens on the public;

(3) minimize the Federal information collection burden, with particular emphasis on those

individuals and entities most adversely affected;

(4) maximize the practical utility of and

public benefit from information collected by

or for the Federal Government;

(5) establish and oversee standards and

guidelines by which agencies are to estimate

the burden to comply with a proposed collection of information; 1

(6) publish in the Federal Register and make

available on the Internet (in consultation with

the Small Business Administration) on an annual basis a list of the compliance assistance

resources available to small businesses, with

the first such publication occurring not later

than 1 year after the date of enactment of the

Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.

(d) With respect to information dissemination,

the Director shall develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards,

and guidelines to—

(1) apply to Federal agency dissemination of

public information, regardless of the form or

format in which such information is disseminated; and

(2) promote public access to public information and fulfill the purposes of this subchapter, including through the effective use of

information technology.

(e) With respect to statistical policy and coordination, the Director shall—

(1) coordinate the activities of the Federal

statistical system to ensure—

(A) the efficiency and effectiveness of the

system; and

(B) the integrity, objectivity, impartiality,

utility, and confidentiality of information

collected for statistical purposes;

(2) ensure that budget proposals of agencies

are consistent with system-wide priorities for

maintaining and improving the quality of Federal statistics and prepare an annual report on

statistical program funding;

(3) develop and oversee the implementation

of Governmentwide policies, principles, standards, and guidelines concerning—

(A) statistical collection procedures and

methods;

(B) statistical data classification;

(C) statistical information presentation

and dissemination;

(D) timely release of statistical data; and

(E) such statistical data sources as may be

required for the administration of Federal

programs;

(4) evaluate statistical program performance

and agency compliance with Governmentwide

policies, principles, standards and guidelines;

(5) promote the sharing of information collected for statistical purposes consistent with

privacy rights and confidentiality pledges;

(6) coordinate the participation of the

United States in international statistical activities, including the development of comparable statistics;

(7) appoint a chief statistician who is a

trained and experienced professional statistician to carry out the functions described

under this subsection;

(8) establish an Interagency Council on Statistical Policy to advise and assist the Director in carrying out the functions under this

subsection that shall—

(A) be headed by the chief statistician; and
§ 3504 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 126

2See References in Text note below.

(B) consist of—

(i) the heads of the major statistical programs; and

(ii) representatives of other statistical

agencies under rotating membership; and

(9) provide opportunities for training in statistical policy functions to employees of the

Federal Government under which—

(A) each trainee shall be selected at the

discretion of the Director based on agency

requests and shall serve under the chief statistician for at least 6 months and not more

than 1 year; and

(B) all costs of the training shall be paid

by the agency requesting training.

(f) With respect to records management, the

Director shall—

(1) provide advice and assistance to the Archivist of the United States and the Administrator of General Services to promote coordination in the administration of chapters 29, 31,

and 33 of this title with the information resources management policies, principles,

standards, and guidelines established under

this subchapter;

(2) review compliance by agencies with—

(A) the requirements of chapters 29, 31, and

33 of this title; and

(B) regulations promulgated by the Archivist of the United States and the Administrator of General Services; and

(3) oversee the application of records management policies, principles, standards, and

guidelines, including requirements for archiving information maintained in electronic format, in the planning and design of information

systems.

(g) With respect to privacy and security, the

Director shall—

(1) develop and oversee the implementation

of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines on privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure and sharing of information collected

or maintained by or for agencies; and

(2) oversee and coordinate compliance with

sections 552 and 552a of title 5, sections 20 and

21 of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3 and 278g–4),

section 11331 of title 40 and subchapter II of

this chapter, and related information management laws.

(h) With respect to Federal information technology, the Director shall—

(1) in consultation with the Director of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Administrator of General Services—

(A) develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, and

guidelines for information technology functions and activities of the Federal Government, including periodic evaluations of

major information systems; and

(B) oversee the development and implementation of standards under section 11331

of title 40;

(2) monitor the effectiveness of, and compliance with, directives issued under subtitle III

of title 40 and directives issued under section

322 2 of title 40;

(3) coordinate the development and review

by the Office of Information and Regulatory

Affairs of policy associated with Federal procurement and acquisition of information technology with the Office of Federal Procurement

Policy;

(4) ensure, through the review of agency

budget proposals, information resources management plans and other means—

(A) agency integration of information resources management plans, program plans

and budgets for acquisition and use of information technology; and

(B) the efficiency and effectiveness of

inter-agency information technology initiatives to improve agency performance and

the accomplishment of agency missions; and

(5) promote the use of information technology by the Federal Government to improve

the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness

of Federal programs, including through dissemination of public information and the reduction of information collection burdens on

the public.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

167; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LI,

§5131(e)(1), title LVI, §5605(b), (c), Feb. 10, 1996,

110 Stat. 688, 700; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X,

§1073(h)(5)(B), (C), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1907;

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XVII, §1702, Oct. 21,

1998, 112 Stat. 2681–749; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div.

A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654,

1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–198, §2(a), June 28, 2002, 116

Stat. 729; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(5), Aug. 21, 2002,

116 Stat. 1301; Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(c)(1),

Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2272; Pub. L. 107–347, title

III, §305(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2960.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), is

the date of enactment of Pub. L. 107–198, which was approved June 28, 2002.

Section 322 of title 40, referred to in subsec. (h)(2),

was repealed by Pub. L. 109–313, §3(h)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120

Stat. 1736.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3504, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2815; amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I,

§107(b)(26), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291; Pub. L. 99–500,

§101(m) [title VIII, §§814, 821(b)(2)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100

Stat. 1783–308, 1783–336, 1783–342, and Pub. L. 99–591,

§101(m) [title VIII, §§814, 821(b)(2)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100

Stat. 3341–308, 3341–336, 3341–342, related to authority

and functions of Director prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3504, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1303, provided for designation of a central

collection agency, prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3509 of this

title.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 107–198 added par. (6).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(1)(A), and Pub.

L. 107–347, §305(c)(1)(A), amended par. (1) identically, inserting ‘‘and’’ at end.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 107–347, §305(c)(1)(B), substituted ‘‘section 11331 of title 40 and subchapter II of
Page 127 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3504

this chapter’’ for ‘‘sections 11331 and 11332(b) and (c) of

title 40’’ and a period for ‘‘; and’’ at end.

Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(1)(B), which directed amendment of par. (2) by substituting ‘‘section 11331 of title

40 and subchapter II of this title’’ for ‘‘sections 11331

and 11332(b) and (c) of title 40’’ and a period for the

semicolon, could not be executed because of amendment by Pub. L. 107–347, §305(c)(1)(B). See Amendment

note above and Effective Date of 2002 Amendments

notes below.

Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(5)(A), substituted ‘‘sections 11331

and 11332(b) and (c) of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 5131 of the

Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441), and sections

5 and 6 of the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C.

759 note)’’.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(1)(C), and Pub.

L. 107–347, §305(c)(1)(C), amended subsec. (g) identically,

striking out par. (3) which read as follows: ‘‘require

Federal agencies, consistent with the standards and

guidelines promulgated under sections 11331 and

11332(b) and (c) of title 40, to identify and afford security protections commensurate with the risk and magnitude of the harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or

unauthorized access to or modification of information

collected or maintained by or on behalf of an agency.’’

Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(5)(B), substituted ‘‘sections 11331

and 11332(b) and (c) of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 5131 of the

Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441) and sections

5 and 6 of the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C.

759 note)’’.

Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(5)(C), substituted ‘‘section 11331 of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 5131 of

the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441)’’.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(5)(D), substituted

‘‘subtitle III of title 40’’ for ‘‘division E of the ClingerCohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.)’’ and ‘‘section

322 of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 110 of the Federal Property

and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 757)’’.

2000—Subsecs. (a)(2), (d)(2), (f)(1). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’.

1998—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 105–277 amended cl.

(vi) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (vi) read as follows: ‘‘the acquisition and use of information technology.’’

1997—Subsecs. (g)(2), (3), (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–85,

§1073(h)(5)(C), substituted ‘‘Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996

(40 U.S.C. 1441)’’ for ‘‘Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996’’.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(h)(5)(B), substituted ‘‘division E of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40

U.S.C. 1401 et seq.)’’ for ‘‘the Information Technology

Management Reform Act of 1996’’.

1996—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 104–106, §5131(e)(1)(A),

substituted ‘‘sections 20 and 21 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3

and 278g–4), section 5131 of the Information Technology

Management Reform Act of 1996, and sections 5 and 6 of

the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759 note)’’

for ‘‘the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759

note)’’.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 104–106, §5131(e)(1)(B), substituted ‘‘the standards and guidelines promulgated

under section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 and sections 5 and 6 of the

Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759 note)’’ for

‘‘the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759

note)’’.

Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–106, §5605(b), substituted

‘‘section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996’’ for ‘‘section 111(d) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

(40 U.S.C. 759(d))’’.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 104–106, §5605(c), substituted

‘‘the Information Technology Management Reform Act

of 1996 and directives issued under section 110 of the

Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of

1949 (40 U.S.C. 757)’’ for ‘‘sections 110 and 111 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

(40 U.S.C. 757 and 759)’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENTS

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–347 effective Dec. 17, 2002,

see section 402(b) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3541 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after

Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as

an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after

Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10,

1996, 110 Stat. 702.

GOVERNMENT PAPERWORK ELIMINATION

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XVII, Oct. 21, 1998, 112

Stat. 2681–749, provided that:

‘‘SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE.

‘‘This title may be cited as the ‘Government Paperwork Elimination Act’.

‘‘SEC. 1702. AUTHORITY OF OMB TO PROVIDE FOR

ACQUISITION AND USE OF ALTERNATIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES BY EXECUTIVE

AGENCIES.

‘‘[Amended this section.]

‘‘SEC. 1703. PROCEDURES FOR USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES BY EXECUTIVE AGENCIES.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In order to fulfill the responsibility to administer the functions assigned under chapter

35 of title 44, United States Code, the provisions of the

Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (divisions D and E of Public

Law 104–106) [see Short Title of 1996 Act note set out

under section 101 of Title 41, Public Contracts] and the

amendments made by that Act, and the provisions of

this title, the Director of the Office of Management and

Budget shall, in consultation with the National Telecommunications and Information Administration and

not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of

this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], develop procedures for the use

and acceptance of electronic signatures by Executive

agencies.

‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCEDURES.—(1) The procedures developed under subsection (a)—

‘‘(A) shall be compatible with standards and technology for electronic signatures that are generally

used in commerce and industry and by State governments;

‘‘(B) may not inappropriately favor one industry or

technology;

‘‘(C) shall ensure that electronic signatures are as

reliable as is appropriate for the purpose in question

and keep intact the information submitted;

‘‘(D) shall provide for the electronic acknowledgment of electronic forms that are successfully submitted; and

‘‘(E) shall, to the extent feasible and appropriate,

require an Executive agency that anticipates receipt

by electronic means of 50,000 or more submittals of a

particular form to take all steps necessary to ensure

that multiple methods of electronic signatures are

available for the submittal of such form.

‘‘(2) The Director shall ensure the compatibility of

the procedures under paragraph (1)(A) in consultation

with appropriate private bodies and State government

entities that set standards for the use and acceptance

of electronic signatures.

‘‘SEC. 1704. DEADLINE FOR IMPLEMENTATION BY

EXECUTIVE AGENCIES OF PROCEDURES FOR

USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.

‘‘In order to fulfill the responsibility to administer

the functions assigned under chapter 35 of title 44,
§ 3505 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 128

United States Code, the provisions of the Clinger-Cohen

Act of 1996 (divisions D and E of Public Law 104–106)

[see Short Title of 1996 Act note set out under section

101 of Title 41] and the amendments made by that Act,

and the provisions of this title, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall ensure that, commencing not later than five years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], Executive agencies

provide—

‘‘(1) for the option of the electronic maintenance,

submission, or disclosure of information, when practicable as a substitute for paper; and

‘‘(2) for the use and acceptance of electronic signatures, when practicable.

‘‘SEC. 1705. ELECTRONIC STORAGE AND FILING OF

EMPLOYMENT FORMS.

‘‘In order to fulfill the responsibility to administer

the functions assigned under chapter 35 of title 44,

United States Code, the provisions of the Clinger-Cohen

Act of 1996 (divisions D and E of Public Law 104–106)

[see Short Title of 1996 Amendment Act set out under

section 101 of Title 41] and the amendments made by

that Act, and the provisions of this title, the Director

of the Office of Management and Budget shall, not later

than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act

[Oct. 21, 1998], develop procedures to permit private employers to store and file electronically with Executive

agencies forms containing information pertaining to

the employees of such employers.

‘‘SEC. 1706. STUDY ON USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.

‘‘(a) ONGOING STUDY REQUIRED.—In order to fulfill the

responsibility to administer the functions assigned

under chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, the

provisions of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (divisions D

and E of Public Law 104–106) [see Short Title of 1996 Act

note set out under section 101 of Title 41] and the

amendments made by that Act, and the provisions of

this title, the Director of the Office of Management and

Budget shall, in cooperation with the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, conduct an ongoing study of the use of electronic signatures under this title on—

‘‘(1) paperwork reduction and electronic commerce;

‘‘(2) individual privacy; and

‘‘(3) the security and authenticity of transactions.

‘‘(b) REPORTS.—The Director shall submit to Congress

on a periodic basis a report describing the results of the

study carried out under subsection (a).

‘‘SEC. 1707. ENFORCEABILITY AND LEGAL EFFECT

OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS.

‘‘Electronic records submitted or maintained in accordance with procedures developed under this title, or

electronic signatures or other forms of electronic authentication used in accordance with such procedures,

shall not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability because such records are in electronic form.

‘‘SEC. 1708. DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.

‘‘Except as provided by law, information collected in

the provision of electronic signature services for communications with an executive agency, as provided by

this title, shall only be used or disclosed by persons

who obtain, collect, or maintain such information as a

business or government practice, for the purpose of facilitating such communications, or with the prior affirmative consent of the person about whom the information pertains.

‘‘SEC. 1709. APPLICATION WITH INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS.

‘‘No provision of this title shall apply to the Department of the Treasury or the Internal Revenue Service

to the extent that such provision—

‘‘(1) involves the administration of the internal revenue laws; or

‘‘(2) conflicts with any provision of the Internal

Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of

1998 [Pub. L. 105–206, see Tables for classification] or

the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.].

‘‘SEC. 1710. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘For purposes of this title:

‘‘(1) ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE.—The term ‘electronic

signature’ means a method of signing an electronic

message that—

‘‘(A) identifies and authenticates a particular person as the source of the electronic message; and

‘‘(B) indicates such person’s approval of the information contained in the electronic message.

‘‘(2) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘Executive agency’ has the meaning given that term in section 105 of

title 5, United States Code.’’

§ 3505. Assignment of tasks and deadlines

(a) In carrying out the functions under this

subchapter, the Director shall—

(1) in consultation with agency heads, set an

annual Governmentwide goal for the reduction

of information collection burdens by at least

10 percent during each of fiscal years 1996 and

1997 and 5 percent during each of fiscal years

1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, and set annual agency

goals to—

(A) reduce information collection burdens

imposed on the public that—

(i) represent the maximum practicable

opportunity in each agency; and

(ii) are consistent with improving agency management of the process for the review of collections of information established under section 3506(c); and

(B) improve information resources management in ways that increase the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of Federal programs, including service delivery to

the public;

(2) with selected agencies and non-Federal

entities on a voluntary basis, conduct pilot

projects to test alternative policies, practices,

regulations, and procedures to fulfill the purposes of this subchapter, particularly with regard to minimizing the Federal information

collection burden; and

(3) in consultation with the Administrator of

General Services, the Director of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, the

Archivist of the United States, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, develop and maintain a Governmentwide strategic plan for information resources management, that shall include—

(A) a description of the objectives and the

means by which the Federal Government

shall apply information resources to improve agency and program performance;

(B) plans for—

(i) reducing information burdens on the

public, including reducing such burdens

through the elimination of duplication and

meeting shared data needs with shared resources;

(ii) enhancing public access to and dissemination of, information, using electronic and other formats; and

(iii) meeting the information technology

needs of the Federal Government in accordance with the purposes of this subchapter; and

(C) a description of progress in applying

information resources management to im-
Page 129 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3506

1So in original. Two subsecs. (c) have been enacted.

prove agency performance and the accomplishment of missions.

(b) For purposes of any pilot project conducted

under subsection (a)(2), the Director may, after

consultation with the agency head, waive the

application of any administrative directive issued by an agency with which the project is conducted, including any directive requiring a collection of information, after giving timely notice to the public and the Congress regarding

the need for such waiver.

(c) 1 INVENTORY OF MAJOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS.—(1) The head of each agency shall develop

and maintain an inventory of major information

systems (including major national security systems) operated by or under the control of such

agency.

(2) The identification of information systems

in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between

each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under

the control of the agency.

(3) Such inventory shall be—

(A) updated at least annually;

(B) made available to the Comptroller General; and

(C) used to support information resources

management, including—

(i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of information resources under section 3506(b)(4);

(ii) information technology planning,

budgeting, acquisition, and management

under section 3506(h), subtitle III of title 40,

and related laws and guidance;

(iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of

information security controls under subchapter II;

(iv) preparation of the index of major information systems required under section

552(g) of title 5, United States Code; and

(v) preparation of information system inventories required for records management

under chapters 21, 29, 31, and 33.

(4) The Director shall issue guidance for and

oversee the implementation of the requirements

of this subsection.

(c) 1 INVENTORY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS.—(1)

The head of each agency shall develop and maintain an inventory of the information systems

(including national security systems) operated

by or under the control of such agency;

(2) The identification of information systems

in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between

each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under

the control of the agency;

(3) Such inventory shall be—

(A) updated at least annually;

(B) made available to the Comptroller General; and

(C) used to support information resources

management, including—

(i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of information resources under section 3506(b)(4);

(ii) information technology planning,

budgeting, acquisition, and management

under section 3506(h), subtitle III of title 40,

and related laws and guidance;

(iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of

information security controls under subchapter II;

(iv) preparation of the index of major information systems required under section

552(g) of title 5, United States Code; and

(v) preparation of information system inventories required for records management

under chapters 21, 29, 31, and 33.

(4) The Director shall issue guidance for and

oversee the implementation of the requirements

of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

170; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275;

Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(c)(2), Nov. 25, 2002,

116 Stat. 2272; Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(c)(2),

Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2961.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3505, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2818; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §815], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–337, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §815],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–337, related to assignment of tasks and deadlines prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3505, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1303, prohibited independent collection by

an agency, prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3509 of this title.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–347, added subsec. (c) relating to inventory of major information systems.

Pub. L. 107–296 added subsec. (c) relating to inventory

of information systems.

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ in introductory provisions and

pars. (2) and (3)(B)(iii).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after

Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as

an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

§ 3506. Federal agency responsibilities

(a)(1) The head of each agency shall be responsible for—

(A) carrying out the agency’s information

resources management activities to improve

agency productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness; and

(B) complying with the requirements of this

subchapter and related policies established by

the Director.

(2)(A) Except as provided under subparagraph

(B), the head of each agency shall designate a

Chief Information Officer who shall report directly to such agency head to carry out the responsibilities of the agency under this subchapter.
§ 3506 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 130

(B) The Secretary of the Department of Defense and the Secretary of each military department may each designate Chief Information Officers who shall report directly to such Secretary to carry out the responsibilities of the

department under this subchapter. If more than

one Chief Information Officer is designated, the

respective duties of the Chief Information Officers shall be clearly delineated.

(3) The Chief Information Officer designated

under paragraph (2) shall head an office responsible for ensuring agency compliance with and

prompt, efficient, and effective implementation

of the information policies and information resources management responsibilities established

under this subchapter, including the reduction

of information collection burdens on the public.

The Chief Information Officer and employees of

such office shall be selected with special attention to the professional qualifications required

to administer the functions described under this

subchapter.

(4) Each agency program official shall be responsible and accountable for information resources assigned to and supporting the programs

under such official. In consultation with the

Chief Information Officer designated under paragraph (2) and the agency Chief Financial Officer

(or comparable official), each agency program

official shall define program information needs

and develop strategies, systems, and capabilities

to meet those needs.

(b) With respect to general information resources management, each agency shall—

(1) manage information resources to—

(A) reduce information collection burdens

on the public;

(B) increase program efficiency and effectiveness; and

(C) improve the integrity, quality, and

utility of information to all users within and

outside the agency, including capabilities

for ensuring dissemination of public information, public access to government information, and protections for privacy and security;

(2) in accordance with guidance by the Director, develop and maintain a strategic information resources management plan that shall

describe how information resources management activities help accomplish agency missions;

(3) develop and maintain an ongoing process

to—

(A) ensure that information resources

management operations and decisions are

integrated with organizational planning,

budget, financial management, human resources management, and program decisions;

(B) in cooperation with the agency Chief

Financial Officer (or comparable official),

develop a full and accurate accounting of information technology expenditures, related

expenses, and results; and

(C) establish goals for improving information resources management’s contribution

to program productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness, methods for measuring progress

towards those goals, and clear roles and responsibilities for achieving those goals;

(4) in consultation with the Director, the Administrator of General Services, and the Archivist of the United States, maintain a current and complete inventory of the agency’s

information resources, including directories

necessary to fulfill the requirements of section

3511 of this subchapter; and

(5) in consultation with the Director and the

Director of the Office of Personnel Management, conduct formal training programs to

educate agency program and management officials about information resources management.

(c) With respect to the collection of information and the control of paperwork, each agency

shall—

(1) establish a process within the office headed by the Chief Information Officer designated

under subsection (a), that is sufficiently independent of program responsibility to evaluate

fairly whether proposed collections of information should be approved under this subchapter, to—

(A) review each collection of information

before submission to the Director for review

under this subchapter, including—

(i) an evaluation of the need for the collection of information;

(ii) a functional description of the information to be collected;

(iii) a plan for the collection of the information;

(iv) a specific, objectively supported estimate of burden;

(v) a test of the collection of information

through a pilot program, if appropriate;

and

(vi) a plan for the efficient and effective

management and use of the information to

be collected, including necessary resources;

(B) ensure that each information collection—

(i) is inventoried, displays a control

number and, if appropriate, an expiration

date;

(ii) indicates the collection is in accordance with the clearance requirements of

section 3507; and

(iii) informs the person receiving the collection of information of—

(I) the reasons the information is being

collected;

(II) the way such information is to be

used;

(III) an estimate, to the extent practicable, of the burden of the collection;

(IV) whether responses to the collection of information are voluntary, required to obtain a benefit, or mandatory;

and

(V) the fact that an agency may not

conduct or sponsor, and a person is not

required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid control number; and

(C) assess the information collection burden of proposed legislation affecting the

agency;

(2)(A) except as provided under subparagraph

(B) or section 3507(j), provide 60-day notice in
Page 131 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3506

the Federal Register, and otherwise consult

with members of the public and affected agencies concerning each proposed collection of information, to solicit comment to—

(i) evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the

proper performance of the functions of the

agency, including whether the information

shall have practical utility;

(ii) evaluate the accuracy of the agency’s

estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information;

(iii) enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and

(iv) minimize the burden of the collection

of information on those who are to respond,

including through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology; and

(B) for any proposed collection of information contained in a proposed rule (to be reviewed by the Director under section 3507(d)),

provide notice and comment through the notice of proposed rulemaking for the proposed

rule and such notice shall have the same purposes specified under subparagraph (A)(i)

through (iv);

(3) certify (and provide a record supporting

such certification, including public comments

received by the agency) that each collection of

information submitted to the Director for review under section 3507—

(A) is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including that the information has practical utility;

(B) is not unnecessarily duplicative of information otherwise reasonably accessible

to the agency;

(C) reduces to the extent practicable and

appropriate the burden on persons who shall

provide information to or for the agency, including with respect to small entities, as defined under section 601(6) of title 5, the use of

such techniques as—

(i) establishing differing compliance or

reporting requirements or timetables that

take into account the resources available

to those who are to respond;

(ii) the clarification, consolidation, or

simplification of compliance and reporting

requirements; or

(iii) an exemption from coverage of the

collection of information, or any part

thereof;

(D) is written using plain, coherent, and

unambiguous terminology and is understandable to those who are to respond;

(E) is to be implemented in ways consistent and compatible, to the maximum extent

practicable, with the existing reporting and

recordkeeping practices of those who are to

respond;

(F) indicates for each recordkeeping requirement the length of time persons are required to maintain the records specified;

(G) contains the statement required under

paragraph (1)(B)(iii);

(H) has been developed by an office that

has planned and allocated resources for the

efficient and effective management and use

of the information to be collected, including

the processing of the information in a manner which shall enhance, where appropriate,

the utility of the information to agencies

and the public;

(I) uses effective and efficient statistical

survey methodology appropriate to the purpose for which the information is to be collected; and

(J) to the maximum extent practicable,

uses information technology to reduce burden and improve data quality, agency efficiency and responsiveness to the public; and

(4) in addition to the requirements of this

chapter regarding the reduction of information collection burdens for small business concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small

Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)), make efforts to

further reduce the information collection burden for small business concerns with fewer

than 25 employees.

(d) With respect to information dissemination,

each agency shall—

(1) ensure that the public has timely and

equitable access to the agency’s public information, including ensuring such access

through—

(A) encouraging a diversity of public and

private sources for information based on

government public information;

(B) in cases in which the agency provides

public information maintained in electronic

format, providing timely and equitable access to the underlying data (in whole or in

part); and

(C) agency dissemination of public information in an efficient, effective, and economical manner;

(2) regularly solicit and consider public

input on the agency’s information dissemination activities;

(3) provide adequate notice when initiating,

substantially modifying, or terminating significant information dissemination products;

and

(4) not, except where specifically authorized

by statute—

(A) establish an exclusive, restricted, or

other distribution arrangement that interferes with timely and equitable availability

of public information to the public;

(B) restrict or regulate the use, resale, or

redissemination of public information by the

public;

(C) charge fees or royalties for resale or redissemination of public information; or

(D) establish user fees for public information that exceed the cost of dissemination.

(e) With respect to statistical policy and coordination, each agency shall—

(1) ensure the relevance, accuracy, timeliness, integrity, and objectivity of information

collected or created for statistical purposes;

(2) inform respondents fully and accurately

about the sponsors, purposes, and uses of statistical surveys and studies;

(3) protect respondents’ privacy and ensure

that disclosure policies fully honor pledges of

confidentiality;
§ 3506 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 132

(4) observe Federal standards and practices

for data collection, analysis, documentation,

sharing, and dissemination of information;

(5) ensure the timely publication of the results of statistical surveys and studies, including information about the quality and limitations of the surveys and studies; and

(6) make data available to statistical agencies and readily accessible to the public.

(f) With respect to records management, each

agency shall implement and enforce applicable

policies and procedures, including requirements

for archiving information maintained in electronic format, particularly in the planning, design and operation of information systems.

(g) With respect to privacy and security, each

agency shall—

(1) implement and enforce applicable policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines on

privacy, confidentiality, security, disclosure

and sharing of information collected or maintained by or for the agency; and

(2) assume responsibility and accountability

for compliance with and coordinated management of sections 552 and 552a of title 5, subchapter II of this chapter, and related information management laws.

(h) With respect to Federal information technology, each agency shall—

(1) implement and enforce applicable Governmentwide and agency information technology management policies, principles,

standards, and guidelines;

(2) assume responsibility and accountability

for information technology investments;

(3) promote the use of information technology by the agency to improve the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of agency

programs, including the reduction of information collection burdens on the public and improved dissemination of public information;

(4) propose changes in legislation, regulations, and agency procedures to improve information technology practices, including

changes that improve the ability of the agency

to use technology to reduce burden; and

(5) assume responsibility for maximizing the

value and assessing and managing the risks of

major information systems initiatives through

a process that is—

(A) integrated with budget, financial, and

program management decisions; and

(B) used to select, control, and evaluate

the results of major information systems

initiatives.

(i)(1) In addition to the requirements described

in subsection (c), each agency shall, with respect

to the collection of information and the control

of paperwork, establish 1 point of contact in the

agency to act as a liaison between the agency

and small business concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)).

(2) Each point of contact described under paragraph (1) shall be established not later than 1

year after the date of enactment of the Small

Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

171; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LI,

§5125(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 684; Pub. L.

106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30,

2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–198,

§2(b), (c), June 28, 2002, 116 Stat. 729; Pub. L.

107–217, §3(l)(6), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1302; Pub.

L. 107–296, title X, §1005(c)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116

Stat. 2273; Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(c)(3),

Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2961.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), is

the date of enactment of Pub. L. 107–198, which was approved June 28, 2002.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3506, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2819; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §816], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–338, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §816],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–338, related to Federal agency responsibilities prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3506, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1303, provided for determination of necessity for information and hearing thereon, prior to the

general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

See section 3508 of this title.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 107–198, §2(c), added par.

(4).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(3)(A), and Pub.

L. 107–347, §305(c)(3)(A), amended par. (1) identically, inserting ‘‘and’’ at end.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(3)(B), and Pub.

L. 107–347, §305(c)(3)(B), amended par. (2) identically,

substituting ‘‘subchapter II of this chapter’’ for ‘‘section 11332 of title 40’’ and a period for ‘‘; and’’ at end.

Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(6)(A), substituted ‘‘section 11332

of title 40’’ for ‘‘the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40

U.S.C. 759 note)’’.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §1005(c)(3)(C), and Pub.

L. 107–347, §305(c)(3)(C), amended subsec. (g) identically,

striking out par. (3) which read as follows: ‘‘consistent

with section 11332 of title 40, identify and afford security protections commensurate with the risk and magnitude of the harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or

unauthorized access to or modification of information

collected or maintained by or on behalf of an agency.’’

Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(6)(B), substituted ‘‘section 11332

of title 40’’ for ‘‘the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40

U.S.C. 759 note)’’.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–198, §2(b), added subsec. (i).

2000—Subsecs. (a)(1) to (3), (b)(4), (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–398

substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ wherever appearing.

1996—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–106, §5125(a)(1)(A),

substituted ‘‘Chief Information Officer’’ for ‘‘senior official’’.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–106, §5125(a)(1)(B), substituted ‘‘designate Chief Information Officers’’ for

‘‘designate senior officials’’, ‘‘Chief Information Officer’’ for ‘‘official’’, and ‘‘the Chief Information Officers’’ for ‘‘the officials’’.

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–106, §5125(a)(1)(C), substituted ‘‘Chief Information Officer’’ for ‘‘senior official’’ wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §5125(a)(2), substituted

‘‘Chief Information Officer’’ for ‘‘official’’ in introductory provisions.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after

Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as

an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of
Page 133 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3507

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after

Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10,

1996, 110 Stat. 702.

EX. ORD. NO. 13073. YEAR 2000 CONVERSION

Ex. Ord. No. 13073, Feb. 4, 1998, 63 F.R. 6467, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13127, June 14, 1999, 64 F.R. 32793, provided:

The American people expect reliable service from

their Government and deserve the confidence that critical government functions dependent on electronic systems will be performed accurately and in a timely manner. Because of a design feature in many electronic systems, a large number of activities in the public and private sectors could be at risk beginning in the year 2000.

Some computer systems and other electronic devices

will misinterpret the year ‘‘00’’ as 1900, rather than

2000. Unless appropriate action is taken, this flaw,

known as the ‘‘Y2K problem,’’ can cause systems that

support those functions to compute erroneously or simply not run. Minimizing the Y2K problem will require

a major technological and managerial effort, and it is

critical that the United States Government do its part

in addressing this challenge.

Accordingly, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United

States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Policy. (a) It shall be the policy of the executive branch that agencies shall:

(1) assure that no critical Federal program experiences disruption because of the Y2K problem;

(2) assist and cooperate with State, local, and tribal

governments to address the Y2K problem where those

governments depend on Federal information or information technology or the Federal Government is dependent on those governments to perform critical missions;

(3) cooperate with the private sector operators of

critical national and local systems, including the banking and financial system, the telecommunications system, the public health system, the transportation system, and the electric power generation system, in addressing the Y2K problem; and

(4) communicate with their foreign counterparts to

raise awareness of and generate cooperative international arrangements to address the Y2K problem.

(b) As used in this order, ‘‘agency’’ and ‘‘agencies’’

refer to Federal agencies that are not in the judicial or

legislative branches.

SEC. 2. Year 2000 Conversion Council. There is hereby

established the President’s Council on Year 2000 Conversion (the ‘‘Council’’).

(a) The Council shall be led by a Chair who shall be

an Assistant to the President, and it shall be composed

of one representative from each of the executive departments and from such other Federal agencies as

may be determined by the Chair of the Council (the

‘‘Chair’’).

(b) The Chair shall appoint a Vice Chair and assign

other responsibilities for operations of the council as

he or she deems necessary.

(c) The Chair shall oversee the activities of agencies

to assure that their systems operate smoothly through

the year 2000, act as chief spokesperson on this issue for

the executive branch in national and international

fora, provide policy coordination of executive branch

activities with State, local, and tribal governments on

the Y2K problem, and promote appropriate Federal

roles with respect to private sector activities in this

area.

(d) The Chair and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall report jointly at least quarterly to me on the progress of agencies in addressing

the Y2K problem.

(e) The Chair shall identify such resources from agencies as the Chair deems necessary for the implementation of the policies set out in this order, consistent

with applicable law.

SEC. 3. Responsibilities of Agency Heads. (a) The head of

each agency shall:

(1) assure that efforts to address the Y2K problem receive the highest priority attention in the agency and

that the policies established in this order are carried

out; and

(2) cooperate to the fullest extent with the Chair by

making available such information, support, and assistance, including personnel, as the Chair may request

to support the accomplishment of the tasks assigned

herein, consistent with applicable law.

(b) The heads of executive departments and the agencies designated by the Chair under section 2(a) of this

order shall identify a responsible official to represent

the head of the executive department or agency on the

Council with sufficient authority and experience to

commit agency resources to address the Y2K problem.

SEC. 4. Responsibilities of Interagency and Executive Office Councils. Interagency councils and councils within

the Executive Office of the President, including the

President’s Management Council, the Chief Information Officers Council, the Chief Financial Officers

Council, the President’s Council on Integrity and Efficiency, the Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency, the National Science and Technology Council,

the National Performance Review, the National Economic Council, the Domestic Policy Council, and the

National Security Council shall provide assistance and

support to the Chair upon the Chair’s request.

SEC. 5. Information Coordination Center. (a) To assist

the Chair in the Y2K response duties included under

section 2(c) of this order, there shall be established the

Information Coordination Center (ICC) in the General

Services Administration.

(b) At the direction of the Chair, the ICC will assist

in making preparations for information sharing and coordination within the Federal Government and key

components of the public and private sectors, coordinating agency assessments of Y2K emergencies that

could have an adverse affect on U.S. interests at home

and abroad, and, if necessary, assisting Federal agencies and the Chair in reconstitution processes where appropriate.

(c) The ICC will:

(1) consist of officials from executive agencies, designated by agency heads under subsection 3(a)(2) of this

order, who have expertise in important management

and technical areas, computer hardware, software or

security systems, reconstitution and recovery, and of

additional personnel hired directly or by contract, as

required, to carry out the duties described under section 5 of this order;

(2) work with the Council and the Office of Management and Budget to assure that Federal efforts to restore critical systems are coordinated with efforts

managed by Federal agencies acting under existing

emergency response authorities.

(d) The Chair of the President’s Council on Year 2000

Conversion shall designate a Director of the ICC.

SEC. 6. Judicial Review. This Executive order is intended only to improve the internal management of the

executive branch and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party against the United States, its agencies,

or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any

other person.

WILLIAM J. CLINTON.

§ 3507. Public information collection activities;

submission to Director; approval and delegation

(a) An agency shall not conduct or sponsor the

collection of information unless in advance of

the adoption or revision of the collection of information—

(1) the agency has—
§ 3507 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 134

(A) conducted the review established under

section 3506(c)(1);

(B) evaluated the public comments received under section 3506(c)(2);

(C) submitted to the Director the certification required under section 3506(c)(3), the

proposed collection of information, copies of

pertinent statutory authority, regulations,

and other related materials as the Director

may specify; and

(D) published a notice in the Federal Register—

(i) stating that the agency has made

such submission; and

(ii) setting forth—

(I) a title for the collection of information;

(II) a summary of the collection of information;

(III) a brief description of the need for

the information and the proposed use of

the information;

(IV) a description of the likely respondents and proposed frequency of response to the collection of information;

(V) an estimate of the burden that

shall result from the collection of information; and

(VI) notice that comments may be submitted to the agency and Director;

(2) the Director has approved the proposed

collection of information or approval has been

inferred, under the provisions of this section;

and

(3) the agency has obtained from the Director a control number to be displayed upon the

collection of information.

(b) The Director shall provide at least 30 days

for public comment prior to making a decision

under subsection (c), (d), or (h), except as provided under subsection (j).

(c)(1) For any proposed collection of information not contained in a proposed rule, the Director shall notify the agency involved of the decision to approve or disapprove the proposed collection of information.

(2) The Director shall provide the notification

under paragraph (1), within 60 days after receipt

or publication of the notice under subsection

(a)(1)(D), whichever is later.

(3) If the Director does not notify the agency

of a denial or approval within the 60-day period

described under paragraph (2)—

(A) the approval may be inferred;

(B) a control number shall be assigned without further delay; and

(C) the agency may collect the information

for not more than 1 year.

(d)(1) For any proposed collection of information contained in a proposed rule—

(A) as soon as practicable, but no later than

the date of publication of a notice of proposed

rulemaking in the Federal Register, each

agency shall forward to the Director a copy of

any proposed rule which contains a collection

of information and any information requested

by the Director necessary to make the determination required under this subsection; and

(B) within 60 days after the notice of proposed rulemaking is published in the Federal

Register, the Director may file public comments pursuant to the standards set forth in

section 3508 on the collection of information

contained in the proposed rule;

(2) When a final rule is published in the Federal Register, the agency shall explain—

(A) how any collection of information contained in the final rule responds to the comments, if any, filed by the Director or the public; or

(B) the reasons such comments were rejected.

(3) If the Director has received notice and

failed to comment on an agency rule within 60

days after the notice of proposed rulemaking,

the Director may not disapprove any collection

of information specifically contained in an agency rule.

(4) No provision in this section shall be construed to prevent the Director, in the Director’s

discretion—

(A) from disapproving any collection of information which was not specifically required

by an agency rule;

(B) from disapproving any collection of information contained in an agency rule, if the

agency failed to comply with the requirements

of paragraph (1) of this subsection;

(C) from disapproving any collection of information contained in a final agency rule, if

the Director finds within 60 days after the publication of the final rule that the agency’s response to the Director’s comments filed under

paragraph (2) of this subsection was unreasonable; or

(D) from disapproving any collection of information contained in a final rule, if—

(i) the Director determines that the agency has substantially modified in the final

rule the collection of information contained

in the proposed rule; and

(ii) the agency has not given the Director

the information required under paragraph (1)

with respect to the modified collection of information, at least 60 days before the issuance of the final rule.

(5) This subsection shall apply only when an

agency publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking and requests public comments.

(6) The decision by the Director to approve or

not act upon a collection of information contained in an agency rule shall not be subject to

judicial review.

(e)(1) Any decision by the Director under subsection (c), (d), (h), or (j) to disapprove a collection of information, or to instruct the agency to

make substantive or material change to a collection of information, shall be publicly available and include an explanation of the reasons

for such decision.

(2) Any written communication between the

Administrator of the Office of Information and

Regulatory Affairs, or any employee of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and

an agency or person not employed by the Federal Government concerning a proposed collection of information shall be made available to

the public.

(3) This subsection shall not require the disclosure of—
Page 135 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3507

(A) any information which is protected at all

times by procedures established for information which has been specifically authorized

under criteria established by an Executive

order or an Act of Congress to be kept secret

in the interest of national defense or foreign

policy; or

(B) any communication relating to a collection of information which is not approved

under this subchapter, the disclosure of which

could lead to retaliation or discrimination

against the communicator.

(f)(1) An independent regulatory agency which

is administered by 2 or more members of a commission, board, or similar body, may by majority vote void—

(A) any disapproval by the Director, in

whole or in part, of a proposed collection of information of that agency; or

(B) an exercise of authority under subsection

(d) of section 3507 concerning that agency.

(2) The agency shall certify each vote to void

such disapproval or exercise to the Director, and

explain the reasons for such vote. The Director

shall without further delay assign a control

number to such collection of information, and

such vote to void the disapproval or exercise

shall be valid for a period of 3 years.

(g) The Director may not approve a collection

of information for a period in excess of 3 years.

(h)(1) If an agency decides to seek extension of

the Director’s approval granted for a currently

approved collection of information, the agency

shall—

(A) conduct the review established under

section 3506(c), including the seeking of comment from the public on the continued need

for, and burden imposed by the collection of

information; and

(B) after having made a reasonable effort to

seek public comment, but no later than 60

days before the expiration date of the control

number assigned by the Director for the currently approved collection of information, submit the collection of information for review

and approval under this section, which shall

include an explanation of how the agency has

used the information that it has collected.

(2) If under the provisions of this section, the

Director disapproves a collection of information

contained in an existing rule, or recommends or

instructs the agency to make a substantive or

material change to a collection of information

contained in an existing rule, the Director

shall—

(A) publish an explanation thereof in the

Federal Register; and

(B) instruct the agency to undertake a rulemaking within a reasonable time limited to

consideration of changes to the collection of

information contained in the rule and thereafter to submit the collection of information

for approval or disapproval under this subchapter.

(3) An agency may not make a substantive or

material modification to a collection of information after such collection has been approved

by the Director, unless the modification has

been submitted to the Director for review and

approval under this subchapter.

(i)(1) If the Director finds that a senior official

of an agency designated under section 3506(a) is

sufficiently independent of program responsibility to evaluate fairly whether proposed collections of information should be approved and has

sufficient resources to carry out this responsibility effectively, the Director may, by rule in

accordance with the notice and comment provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code,

delegate to such official the authority to approve proposed collections of information in specific program areas, for specific purposes, or for

all agency purposes.

(2) A delegation by the Director under this

section shall not preclude the Director from reviewing individual collections of information if

the Director determines that circumstances

warrant such a review. The Director shall retain

authority to revoke such delegations, both in

general and with regard to any specific matter.

In acting for the Director, any official to whom

approval authority has been delegated under

this section shall comply fully with the rules

and regulations promulgated by the Director.

(j)(1) The agency head may request the Director to authorize a collection of information, if

an agency head determines that—

(A) a collection of information—

(i) is needed prior to the expiration of time

periods established under this subchapter;

and

(ii) is essential to the mission of the agency; and

(B) the agency cannot reasonably comply

with the provisions of this subchapter because—

(i) public harm is reasonably likely to result if normal clearance procedures are followed;

(ii) an unanticipated event has occurred;

or

(iii) the use of normal clearance procedures is reasonably likely to prevent or disrupt the collection of information or is reasonably likely to cause a statutory or court

ordered deadline to be missed.

(2) The Director shall approve or disapprove

any such authorization request within the time

requested by the agency head and, if approved,

shall assign the collection of information a control number. Any collection of information conducted under this subsection may be conducted

without compliance with the provisions of this

subchapter for a maximum of 180 days after the

date on which the Director received the request

to authorize such collection.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

176; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVI,

§5605(d), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 700; Pub. L.

106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30,

2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3507, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2819; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §817], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–338, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §817],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–338, related to submission to Director of public information collection request for an approval or delegation to a senior official
§ 3508 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 136

of an agency prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3507, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1304, provided for cooperation of agencies

in making information available, prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3510(a) of this title.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Subsecs. (e)(3)(B), (h), (j). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ wherever appearing.

1996—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted ‘‘180

days’’ for ‘‘90 days’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after

Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10,

1996, 110 Stat. 702.

§ 3508. Determination of necessity for information; hearing

Before approving a proposed collection of information, the Director shall determine whether

the collection of information by the agency is

necessary for the proper performance of the

functions of the agency, including whether the

information shall have practical utility. Before

making a determination the Director may give

the agency and other interested persons an opportunity to be heard or to submit statements

in writing. To the extent, if any, that the Director determines that the collection of information by an agency is unnecessary for any reason,

the agency may not engage in the collection of

information.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

179.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3508, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2821, related to determination of

whether collection of information is necessary for proper performance of functions of agency prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3508, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1304, related to unlawful disclosure of information, penalties, and release of information to

other agencies, prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3510(b) of this

title.

§ 3509. Designation of central collection agency

The Director may designate a central collection agency to obtain information for two or

more agencies if the Director determines that

the needs of such agencies for information will

be adequately served by a single collection agency, and such sharing of data is not inconsistent

with applicable law. In such cases the Director

shall prescribe (with reference to the collection

of information) the duties and functions of the

collection agency so designated and of the agencies for which it is to act as agent (including reimbursement for costs). While the designation is

in effect, an agency covered by the designation

may not obtain for itself information for the

agency which is the duty of the collection agency to obtain. The Director may modify the designation from time to time as circumstances require. The authority to designate under this section is subject to the provisions of section 3507(f)

of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

180; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3509, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2821, related to designation of central

collection agency prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3509, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1304, related to plans or forms for collecting information, submission to Director, and his approval, prior to the general amendment of this chapter

by Pub. L. 96–511.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

§ 3510. Cooperation of agencies in making information available

(a) The Director may direct an agency to

make available to another agency, or an agency

may make available to another agency, information obtained by a collection of information if

the disclosure is not inconsistent with applicable law.

(b)(1) If information obtained by an agency is

released by that agency to another agency, all

the provisions of law (including penalties) that

relate to the unlawful disclosure of information

apply to the officers and employees of the agency to which information is released to the same

extent and in the same manner as the provisions

apply to the officers and employees of the agency which originally obtained the information.

(2) The officers and employees of the agency to

which the information is released, in addition,

shall be subject to the same provisions of law,

including penalties, relating to the unlawful disclosure of information as if the information had

been collected directly by that agency.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

180.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3510, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822, related to cooperation of agencies

in making information available prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3510, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1305, authorized promulgation of rules and

regulations, prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3516 of this title.

§ 3511. Establishment and operation of Government Information Locator Service

(a) In order to assist agencies and the public in

locating information and to promote information sharing and equitable access by the public,

the Director shall—
Page 137 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3513

(1) cause to be established and maintained a

distributed agency-based electronic Government Information Locator Service (hereafter

in this section referred to as the ‘‘Service’’),

which shall identify the major information

systems, holdings, and dissemination products

of each agency;

(2) require each agency to establish and

maintain an agency information locator service as a component of, and to support the establishment and operation of the Service;

(3) in cooperation with the Archivist of the

United States, the Administrator of General

Services, the Public Printer, and the Librarian

of Congress, establish an interagency committee to advise the Secretary of Commerce on

the development of technical standards for the

Service to ensure compatibility, promote information sharing, and uniform access by the

public;

(4) consider public access and other user

needs in the establishment and operation of

the Service;

(5) ensure the security and integrity of the

Service, including measures to ensure that

only information which is intended to be disclosed to the public is disclosed through the

Service; and

(6) periodically review the development and

effectiveness of the Service and make recommendations for improvement, including other

mechanisms for improving public access to

Federal agency public information.

(b) This section shall not apply to operational

files as defined by the Central Intelligence

Agency Information Act (50 U.S.C. 431 et seq.).

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

180.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Central Intelligence Agency Information Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 98–477, Oct. 15, 1984,

98 Stat. 2209, which is classified principally to subchapter V (§431 et seq.) of chapter 15 of Title 50, War

and National Defense. For complete classification of

this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 401 of Title 50 and

Tables.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3511, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m)

[title VIII, §818], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–339, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §818],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–339, related to establishment and operation of a Federal Information

Locator System prior to the general amendment of this

chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3511, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22,

1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided for penalty for failure to

furnish information, prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

§ 3512. Public protection

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of

law, no person shall be subject to any penalty

for failing to comply with a collection of information that is subject to this subchapter if—

(1) the collection of information does not

display a valid control number assigned by the

Director in accordance with this subchapter;

or

(2) the agency fails to inform the person who

is to respond to the collection of information

that such person is not required to respond to

the collection of information unless it displays

a valid control number.

(b) The protection provided by this section

may be raised in the form of a complete defense,

bar, or otherwise at any time during the agency

administrative process or judicial action applicable thereto.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

181; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3512, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822, related to protection of persons

failing to maintain or provide information if information collection request did not display current control

number prior to the general amendment of this chapter

by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3512, added Pub. L. 93–153, title

IV, §409(b), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 593, related to information for independent regulatory agencies, prior to

the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L.

96–511.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ in introductory provisions and

par. (1).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

§ 3513. Director review of agency activities; reporting; agency response

(a) In consultation with the Administrator of

General Services, the Archivist of the United

States, the Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, and the Director of

the Office of Personnel Management, the Director shall periodically review selected agency information resources management activities to

ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness of

such activities to improve agency performance

and the accomplishment of agency missions.

(b) Each agency having an activity reviewed

under subsection (a) shall, within 60 days after

receipt of a report on the review, provide a written plan to the Director describing steps (including milestones) to—

(1) be taken to address information resources management problems identified in

the report; and

(2) improve agency performance and the accomplishment of agency missions.

(c) COMPARABLE TREATMENT.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Director

shall treat or review a rule or order prescribed

or proposed by the Director of the Bureau of

Consumer Financial Protection on the same

terms and conditions as apply to any rule or

order prescribed or proposed by the Board of

Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

181; amended Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1100D(b),

July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2111.)
§ 3514 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 138

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3513, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822; amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I,

§107(b)(27), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291, related to periodic review of agency activities by Director and report

of review and agency response to it prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2010—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–203 added subsec. (c).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2010 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L.

111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5,

Government Organization and Employees.

§ 3514. Responsiveness to Congress

(a)(1) The Director shall—

(A) keep the Congress and congressional

committees fully and currently informed of

the major activities under this subchapter;

and

(B) submit a report on such activities to the

President of the Senate and the Speaker of the

House of Representatives annually and at such

other times as the Director determines necessary.

(2) The Director shall include in any such report a description of the extent to which agencies have—

(A) reduced information collection burdens

on the public, including—

(i) a summary of accomplishments and

planned initiatives to reduce collection of

information burdens;

(ii) a list of all violations of this subchapter and of any rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures issued pursuant to this

subchapter;

(iii) a list of any increase in the collection

of information burden, including the authority for each such collection; and

(iv) a list of agencies that in the preceding

year did not reduce information collection

burdens in accordance with section

3505(a)(1), a list of the programs and statutory responsibilities of those agencies that

precluded that reduction, and recommendations to assist those agencies to reduce information collection burdens in accordance

with that section;

(B) improved the quality and utility of statistical information;

(C) improved public access to Government

information; and

(D) improved program performance and the

accomplishment of agency missions through

information resources management.

(b) The preparation of any report required by

this section shall be based on performance results reported by the agencies and shall not increase the collection of information burden on

persons outside the Federal Government.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

181; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3514, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2823, and Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title

VIII, §819], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–339, and

Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §819], Oct. 30, 1986, 100

Stat. 3341–308, 3341–339, related to requirement that Director keep Congress fully informed prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ wherever appearing.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions

of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual,

semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in

House Document No. 103–7 (in which the 8th item on

page 41 identifies an annual reporting requirement

which, as subsequently amended, is contained in subsec. (a) of this section), see section 3003 of Pub. L.

104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113

of Title 31, Money and Finance.

§ 3515. Administrative powers

Upon the request of the Director, each agency

(other than an independent regulatory agency)

shall, to the extent practicable, make its services, personnel, and facilities available to the

Director for the performance of functions under

this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

182; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3515, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2824, related to availability of agency

services, personnel, and facilities prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

§ 3516. Rules and regulations

The Director shall promulgate rules, regulations, or procedures necessary to exercise the

authority provided by this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

182; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3516, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2824, related to rules and regulations

prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub.

L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of
Page 139 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3518

1See References in Text note below.

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

POLICY AND PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title V, §515], Dec. 21, 2000,

114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–153, provided that:

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall, by not later than September

30, 2001, and with public and Federal agency involvement, issue guidelines under sections 3504(d)(1) and 3516

of title 44, United States Code, that provide policy and

procedural guidance to Federal agencies for ensuring

and maximizing the quality, objectivity, utility, and

integrity of information (including statistical information) disseminated by Federal agencies in fulfillment of

the purposes and provisions of chapter 35 of title 44,

United States Code, commonly referred to as the Paperwork Reduction Act.

‘‘(b) CONTENT OF GUIDELINES.—The guidelines under

subsection (a) shall—

‘‘(1) apply to the sharing by Federal agencies of,

and access to, information disseminated by Federal

agencies; and

‘‘(2) require that each Federal agency to which the

guidelines apply—

‘‘(A) issue guidelines ensuring and maximizing

the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of information (including statistical information) disseminated by the agency, by not later than 1 year

after the date of issuance of the guidelines under

subsection (a);

‘‘(B) establish administrative mechanisms allowing affected persons to seek and obtain correction

of information maintained and disseminated by the

agency that does not comply with the guidelines issued under subsection (a); and

‘‘(C) report periodically to the Director—

‘‘(i) the number and nature of complaints received by the agency regarding the accuracy of

information disseminated by the agency; and

‘‘(ii) how such complaints were handled by the

agency.’’

§ 3517. Consultation with other agencies and the

public

(a) In developing information resources management policies, plans, rules, regulations, procedures, and guidelines and in reviewing collections of information, the Director shall provide

interested agencies and persons early and meaningful opportunity to comment.

(b) Any person may request the Director to review any collection of information conducted by

or for an agency to determine, if, under this subchapter, a person shall maintain, provide, or disclose the information to or for the agency. Unless the request is frivolous, the Director shall,

in coordination with the agency responsible for

the collection of information—

(1) respond to the request within 60 days

after receiving the request, unless such period

is extended by the Director to a specified date

and the person making the request is given notice of such extension; and

(2) take appropriate remedial action, if necessary.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

182; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X,

§1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3517, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2824, related to consultation with other

agencies and the public prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ in introductory provisions.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

§ 3518. Effect on existing laws and regulations

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the authority of an agency under any

other law to prescribe policies, rules, regulations, and procedures for Federal information

resources management activities is subject to

the authority of the Director under this subchapter.

(b) Nothing in this subchapter shall be deemed

to affect or reduce the authority of the Secretary of Commerce or the Director of the Office

of Management and Budget pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (as amended) and Executive order, relating to telecommunications

and information policy, procurement and management of telecommunications and information systems, spectrum use, and related matters.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), this

subchapter shall not apply to the collection of

information—

(A) during the conduct of a Federal criminal

investigation or prosecution, or during the

disposition of a particular criminal matter;

(B) during the conduct of—

(i) a civil action to which the United

States or any official or agency thereof is a

party; or

(ii) an administrative action or investigation involving an agency against specific individuals or entities;

(C) by compulsory process pursuant to the

Antitrust Civil Process Act and section 13 of

the Federal Trade Commission Improvements

Act of 1980; or

(D) during the conduct of intelligence activities as defined in section 3.4(e) of Executive

Order No. 12333, issued December 4, 1981, or

successor orders, or during the conduct of

cryptologic activities that are communications security activities.

(2) This subchapter applies to the collection of

information during the conduct of general investigations (other than information collected in

an antitrust investigation to the extent provided in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1))

undertaken with reference to a category of individuals or entities such as a class of licensees or

an entire industry.

(d) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority

conferred by sections 11331 and 11332 1 of title 40

on the Secretary of Commerce or the Director of

the Office of Management and Budget.

(e) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority

of the President, the Office of Management and

Budget or the Director thereof, under the laws

of the United States, with respect to the sub-
§ 3519 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 140

stantive policies and programs of departments,

agencies and offices, including the substantive

authority of any Federal agency to enforce the

civil rights laws.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

183; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LI,

§5131(e)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 688; Pub. L.

105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(h)(5)(C), Nov. 18,

1997, 111 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A],

title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654,

1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(7), Aug. 21, 2002,

116 Stat. 1302.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Executive order, referred to in subsec. (b), probably

means Ex. Ord. No. 12046, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13349,

which is set out as a note under section 305 of Title 47,

Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs.

The Antitrust Civil Process Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 87–664, Sept. 19, 1962, 76 Stat.

548, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 34 (§1311 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title note set out under section 1311 of Title 15

and Tables.

Section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Improvements Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is

classified to section 57b–1 of Title 15.

Executive Order No. 12333, referred to in subsec.

(c)(1)(D), is Ex. Ord. No. 12333, Dec. 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 59941,

which is set out as a note under section 401 of Title 50,

War and National Defense.

Section 11332 of title 40, referred to in subsec. (d), was

repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(a)(1), Nov. 25,

2002, 116 Stat. 2272, and Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(a),

Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2960.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3518, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2824, related to the effect on existing

laws and regulations prior to the general amendment of

this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted ‘‘sections 11331 and 11332 of title 40’’ for ‘‘section 5131 of the

Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441) and the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759 note)’’.

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’ wherever appearing.

1997—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted ‘‘ClingerCohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441)’’ for ‘‘Information

Technology Management Reform Act of 1996’’.

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted ‘‘section

5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 and the Computer Security Act of 1987

(40 U.S.C. 759 note) on the Secretary of Commerce or’’

for ‘‘Public Law 89–306 on the Administrator of the

General Services Administration, the Secretary of

Commerce, or’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after

Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10,

1996, 110 Stat. 702.

§ 3519. Access to information

Under the conditions and procedures prescribed in section 716 of title 31, the Director and

personnel in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall furnish such information as

the Comptroller General may require for the discharge of the responsibilities of the Comptroller

General. For the purpose of obtaining such information, the Comptroller General or representatives thereof shall have access to all

books, documents, papers and records, regardless of form or format, of the Office.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

183.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3519, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec.

11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825; amended Pub. L. 97–258, §3(m)(3),

Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1066, related to access to information prior to the general amendment of this chapter by

Pub. L. 104–13.

§ 3520. Establishment of task force on information collection and dissemination

(a) There is established a task force to study

the feasibility of streamlining requirements

with respect to small business concerns regarding collection of information and strengthening

dissemination of information (in this section referred to as the ‘‘task force’’).

(b)(1) The Director shall determine—

(A) subject to the minimum requirements

under paragraph (2), the number of representatives to be designated under each subparagraph of that paragraph; and

(B) the agencies to be represented under

paragraph (2)(K).

(2) After all determinations are made under

paragraph (1), the members of the task force

shall be designated by the head of each applicable department or agency, and include—

(A) 1 representative of the Director, who

shall convene and chair the task force;

(B) not less than 2 representatives of the Department of Labor, including 1 representative

of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and 1 representative of the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration;

(C) not less than 1 representative of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(D) not less than 1 representative of the Department of Transportation;

(E) not less than 1 representative of the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration;

(F) not less than 1 representative of the Internal Revenue Service;

(G) not less than 2 representatives of the Department of Health and Human Services, including 1 representative of the Centers for

Medicare and Medicaid Services;

(H) not less than 1 representative of the Department of Agriculture;

(I) not less than 1 representative of the Department of the Interior;

(J) not less than 1 representative of the General Services Administration; and

(K) not less than 1 representative of each of

2 agencies not represented by representatives

described under subparagraphs (A) through (J).

(c) The task force shall—

(1) identify ways to integrate the collection

of information across Federal agencies and
Page 141 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS § 3520

programs and examine the feasibility and desirability of requiring each agency to consolidate requirements regarding collections of information with respect to small business concerns within and across agencies, without negatively impacting the effectiveness of underlying laws and regulations regarding such collections of information, in order that each

small business concern may submit all information required by the agency—

(A) to 1 point of contact in the agency;

(B) in a single format, such as a single

electronic reporting system, with respect to

the agency; and

(C) with synchronized reporting for information submissions having the same frequency, such as synchronized quarterly,

semiannual, and annual reporting dates;

(2) examine the feasibility and benefits to

small businesses of publishing a list by the Director of the collections of information applicable to small business concerns (as defined in

section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C.

632)), organized—

(A) by North American Industry Classification System code;

(B) by industrial sector description; or

(C) in another manner by which small

business concerns can more easily identify

requirements with which those small business concerns are expected to comply;

(3) examine the savings, including cost savings, and develop recommendations for implementing—

(A) systems for electronic submissions of

information to the Federal Government; and

(B) interactive reporting systems, including components that provide immediate

feedback to assure that data being submitted—

(i) meet requirements of format; and

(ii) are within the range of acceptable

options for each data field;

(4) make recommendations to improve the

electronic dissemination of information collected under Federal requirements;

(5) recommend a plan for the development of

an interactive Governmentwide system, available through the Internet, to allow each small

business to—

(A) better understand which Federal requirements regarding collection of information (and, when possible, which other Federal regulatory requirements) apply to that

particular business; and

(B) more easily comply with those Federal

requirements; and

(6) in carrying out this section, consider opportunities for the coordination—

(A) of Federal and State reporting requirements; and

(B) among the points of contact described

under section 3506(i), such as to enable agencies to provide small business concerns with

contacts for information collection requirements for other agencies.

(d) The task force shall—

(1) by publication in the Federal Register,

provide notice and an opportunity for public

comment on each report in draft form; and

(2) make provision in each report for the inclusion of—

(A) any additional or dissenting views of

task force members; and

(B) a summary of significant public comments.

(e) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief

Act of 2002, the task force shall submit a report

of its findings under subsection (c) (1), (2), and

(3) to—

(1) the Director;

(2) the chairpersons and ranking minority

members of—

(A) the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Small Business

and Entrepreneurship of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Government Reform

and the Committee on Small Business of the

House of Representatives; and

(3) the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman designated

under section 30(b) of the Small Business Act

(15 U.S.C. 657(b)).

(f) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief

Act of 2002, the task force shall submit a report

of its findings under subsection (c) (4) and (5)

to—

(1) the Director;

(2) the chairpersons and ranking minority

members of—

(A) the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Small Business

and Entrepreneurship of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Government Reform

and the Committee on Small Business of the

House of Representatives; and

(3) the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman designated

under section 30(b) of the Small Business Act

(15 U.S.C. 657(b)).

(g) The task force shall terminate after completion of its work.

(h) In this section, the term ‘‘small business

concern’’ has the meaning given under section 3

of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).

(Added Pub. L. 107–198, §3(a)(2), June 28, 2002, 116

Stat. 730.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The date of enactment of the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, referred to in subsecs. (e) and

(f), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 107–198, which

was approved June 28, 2002.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3520 was renumbered section 3521 of

this title.

Another prior section 3520, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a),

Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825; amended Pub. L. 99–500,

§101(m) [title VIII, §820], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308,

1783–340, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §820],

Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–340, related to authorization of appropriations prior to the general

amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

CHANGE OF NAME

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate

changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Gov-
§ 3521 TITLE 44—PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS Page 142

ernmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by

Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and

Government Reform of House of Representatives by

House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress,

Jan. 5, 2007.

§ 3521. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to

carry out the provisions of this subchapter, and

for no other purpose, $8,000,000 for each of the

fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat.

184, §3520; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A],

title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654,

1654A–275; renumbered §3521, Pub. L. 107–198,

§3(a)(1), June 28, 2002, 116 Stat. 730.)

AMENDMENTS

2002—Pub. L. 107–198 renumbered section 3520 of this

title as this section.

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for

‘‘chapter’’.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after

Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of

Pub. L. 106–398, set out as an Effective Date note under

section 3531 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective May 22, 1995, see section 4 of Pub. L.

104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER II—INFORMATION SECURITY

APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER

This subchapter not to apply while subchapter III of this chapter is in effect, see section 3549 of this title.

AMENDMENTS

2002—Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1001(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002,

116 Stat. 2259, reenacted subchapter heading without

change.

§ 3531. Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter are to—

(1) provide a comprehensive framework for

ensuring the effectiveness of information security controls over information resources that

support Federal operations and assets;

(2) recognize the highly networked nature of

the current Federal computing environment

and provide effective governmentwide management and oversight of the related information security risks, including coordination of

information security efforts throughout the

civilian, national security, and law enforcement communities;

(3) provide for development and maintenance

of minimum controls required to protect Federal information and information systems;

(4) provide a mechanism for improved oversight of Federal agency information security

programs;

(5) acknowledge that commercially developed information security products offer advanced, dynamic, robust, and effective information security solutions, reflecting market

solutions for the protection of critical information infrastructures important to the national defense and economic security of the

nation that are designed, built, and operated

by the private sector; and

(6) recognize that the selection of specific

technical hardware and software information

security solutions should be left to individual

agencies from among commercially developed

products.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1001(b)(1), Nov.

25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2259.)

APPLICABILITY OF SECTION

This section not to apply while subchapter III

of this chapter is in effect, see section 3549 of

this title.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 3531, added Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div.

A], title X, §1061], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–266,

set forth purposes of this subchapter prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–296.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Subchapter effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see

section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1065], Oct. 30,

2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275, which provided that subtitle G (§§1061–1065) of title X of [div. A] of H.R. 5408, as

enacted by section 1 of Pub. L. 106–398, enacting this

subchapter, amending sections 3501 to 3507, 3509, 3512,

3514 to 3518, and 3520 of this title, and section 2224 of

Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacting provisions formerly set out as a note below , would take effect 30

days after Oct. 30, 2000, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296,

title X, §1005(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2272.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF CERTAIN AGENCIES

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1062], Oct. 30,

2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–272, which set forth responsibilities of Department of Commerce, Department of

Defense, Intelligence Community, Department of Justice, General Services Administration, and Office of

Personnel Management relating to development, issuance, review, and updating of information security

policies, principles, standards, and guidelines, including assessment of training and personnel needs, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(b), Nov. 25, 2002,

116 Stat. 2272, and Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(b), Dec.

17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2960.

§ 3532. Definitions

(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided under

subsection (b), the definitions under section 3502

shall apply to this subchapter.

(b) ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS.—As used in this

subchapter—

(1) the term ‘‘information security’’ means

protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction

in order to provide—

(A) integrity, which means guarding

against improper information modification

or destruction, and includes ensuring information nonrepudiation and authenticity;

(B) confidentiality, which means preserving authorized restrictions on access and

disclosure, including means for protecting

personal privacy and proprietary information;

(C) availability, which means ensuring

timely and reliable access to and use of information; and